Team Green Bull

ENC3250 Professional Writing

Professor: Dr. Francis Tobienne, Jr.

Authors: Freddie Acevedo Reseacher / Compiler Alexander Bull Researcher /Producer Vonda Ford Researcher / Ediotor / Bibliography

Executive Summary ............................................................................3 Introduction.......................................................................................4 Technology Making a Difference ........................................................5 Projects Making a Change ..................................................................7  Roofing ........................................................................................ 8  Rainwater Harvesting .................................................................. 9  Student Green Energy Fund (SGEF) ........................................... 10  Water Bottle Stations ................................................................ 11  Solar Docks ................................................................................ 12 Transportation ................................................................................. 13  Bus Line ..................................................................................... 13  Charging Stations....................................................................... 14 Survey ............................................................................................. 15 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 16 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms ......................................................... 17 Works Citied .................................................................................... 17 Annotated Bibliography ................................................................... 22

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Executive Summary

white paper will address a few of the actions taken at University of South Florida This (USF) Tampa and St. Petersburg in their effort of going green and how they have maintained their green standards. We will focus on how these measures have made a significant improvement not only in USF,

but also in its surrounding communities and how has become an intrigel part of the college. Focusing on the incentives USF has going for its Faculty, Staff, and Students we will explore how these incentives have helped the communities around USF campuses and the college. The Office of Sustainability has been a driving force for the college, and a leader in innovations that have improved its surrounds. The office has developed many programs that have focused on the green movement and a leader in sustainability and we will highlight some of these programs. With the efforts made and knowledge gained by USF in the going green, they are now seeing the affects their efforts have made in conservation, recycling, and savings from these programs. This paper will show how easy it is to make small changes that can lead to a cleaner and greener living and working space for you and your surrounds. There are many programs and buildings that have gone green, thanks to the USF commitment to reduce its carbon footprint and focus on sustainability and their time and effort

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has been rewarded. Many other schools and communities are looking to USF as an innovator and leader, using its research to help them in their going green effort that will help change their space.

Introduction Global warming has become a hot topic, which has popped up many times in the news, politics, and world concern over the last few years. It has raised many concerns on how the earth’s climate is changing and how humans have had a major impact on this change for the negative. With such an impact that humans have had on the planet earth many countries have turned to alternatives for energy sources, recycling, and conservation of it precious resources.

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The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is very likely humaninduced and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented in the past 1,300 years (NASA). With the release of increase carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has created sort of a greenhouse effect on the planet, which is having devastating effect. The polar caps are melting at faster rate than ever before and many areas droughts have made the land not useable to sustain life.

1 Climate Study: Evidence Leans against Human-Caused Global Warming. 2013. By Tony Lee., Web, 18 Nov 2014, 2 Digital image. Fate of Emperor Penguins. 2012. By Yuiho Walker., Web. 18 Nov 2014, < http://humanbehavioralchanges.blogspot.com/p/sldfjasljfk.html > 4

USF has seen the effect humans are having on the earth and has taken many steps to not only reduce its carbon footprint, but to become a leader in sustainability. Through its research and the many programs they have put together, USF has become a model for other colleges on how they two can make a difference and reduce its carbon footprint. Learning about the incentives and programs USF has going is very exciting for the students and the community. Many universities across Florida and the country have brought attention to the going green movement and its importance. In this paper, Team Green Bull will cover how USF has made a difference and how they transformed to going green. There are many projects going on at USF, and The Office of Sustainability is one of the driving force at USF on all it green initiatives. The projects range from small projects such as recycle bins, water bottle filling stations, to building state of the art energy friendly buildings that cost less to build and operate. USF research on all these projects has earned them many awards and has become a model for other Universities to follow. Other research done in our paper include a survey on “What Students Think?” about the sustainability initiatives. Many were interviewed and many of the responses range from support of the green efforts to many saying they had no clue. USF continues its quest to conserver its resources while making a positive impact on the planet. They continue their education to those who have not heard or know how to achieve going green. Our main purpose of this paper is to inform the masses that the going green is real and USF has many projects that can educate, reduce, and conserve resources for a better tomorrow. We have included many of these projects and how they are having a positive outlook and the impact they are having in our communities and how USF continues its commitment.

Technology Making a Difference USF has been on the cutting edge of the green movement and scored a B+ of independent assessment of campus and endowment sustainability activities in 2011 and was reviewed in “The Princeton Review’s Guide to 286 Green Colleges”. Looking back over the history of the going green at USF, one of the USF green initiative is the Student Green Energy Fund. The guide gives us a review of what the 286 colleges are doing and how they are 5

impacting their campus and surrounding area. According to the book, An ACUPCC signatory, USF has incorporated sustainability into its strategic plan and established a Sustainability Initiative on campus with 14 subcommittees. The university is home to five environmental student groups including Emerging Green Builders, Engineers for a Sustainable World, and the Student Sustainability Initiative (USGBC). The University conducts an annual greenhouse gas emissions inventory and develops a long term Climate Action Plan. This plan will hopefully eliminate or significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its Tampa campus operations and infrastructure. The students are charged a nominal fee of 0.58 percent per credit hour undergraduate resident and 0.27 percent per credit hour graduate resident. These fee help USF in conserving energy, reducing energy costs, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions while promoting renewable energy technologies. The USF plans to make sustainability as a part of the curriculum for all students by creating a School of Global Sustainability an inclusive and holistic academic unit. This is based on integrated interdisciplinary research, scholarship and teaching. Some of the areas of interest in the Going Green movement are the student body and the gym management here on campus. The student body can provide great insight on how the future of the going green movement looks like and the cost to make the campus and University Green costs money. One approach we want to do is hands on and would like to set up a survey for the student body on the green movement. Questions we are considering is about their knowledge of the movement, as well as how they feel about it, and whether they support the extra costs to continue going green. The gym/ fitness center is also a great source for information as they have done many things to go green as well. We are interested in finding out specifically what they’ve done. How they have been affected by the changes and analyze the impact of their work. I also think we can get a good look into future changes going forward.

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Projects Making a Change In recent years, college across the country has embraced the idea of the going green initiatives.

University of South Florida St.

Petersburg is now in the process of installing solar array that will produce energy and help students and researchers study solar power. USFSP was awarded a one million dollar grant from Duke Energy for a solar array, which originally supposed to be for $500,000. The SunSense grant was awarded to three other 3

schools previously by Duke Energy.

The schools that received the grants was the University of Central Florida, USF’s Tampa campus and Saint Petersburg College. The USFSP parking garage located between on 5th and 6th avenue south will be utilized to install the 100-Kilowatt array on top floor. It will have a carport style design so that vehicles will still be able to park on the top floor. The goal is to bring the location to net zero energy. The University applied for the grant several years ago but lost to Saint Petersburg College. Duke Energy required specific qualifications which included a full-time sustainability coordinator; installation of an energy dashboard, or online system which would have allowed anyone to monitor energy use at major buildings; and student engagement and an educational role in the process. USFSP worked on the particular specific qualification and was awarded the SunSense grant in 2014 which is the last year the grant will be offered by Duke Energy. The staff and student from engineering school in Tampa will assist the St. Petersburg campus with the project. One of the major focus is how to store the solar energy and export it to the electrical grid so that it can be used at any time. As with any project there could be possible roadblocks such as zoning

3 USF St. Petersburg (USFSP) a one million dollar SunSense®. 2014. By Jessica Blais., Web. 18 Nov 2014, < http://www.usfsp.edu/blog/2014/09/18/duke-energy-to-invest-1-million-in-usfspresearch-project/> 7

requirement, permits, breakdown in communication with contractors and other obstacles. These issues will require an immediate solutions by all parties involved. A high school and middle school along with the police and fire stations in Hopkinton, Mass., installed an array of solar panels on the roof of the buildings. The town ran into some obstacles before the array of 1,800 photovoltaic panels were installed but eventually they overcame them. The advances in solar building is the environmental conditions at the lowest life-cycle cost with the least environmental effect.

Roofing The Chemistry, Education, Science and Kopp building have all been remodel in hopes of been LEED certified. The Green building project included several roofs being replaced with high insulation and reflectivity values. On psgs.usf.edu, the website states Roof replacements with very high insulation values and high reflectivity SRI (Solar Reflective Index) of 94 are being used. Fifteen roofs have been replaced over the past three years, covering a total square footage of 410,865 (Patel College of Global Sustainability). Studies have been done on green roofs and how they are impacting buildings for the better. They have shown the poorly protected roofs, energy cost are higher, because heating and cooling units have to work hard to maintain a comfortable condition. With better insulation and higher reflective values, buildings can now stay cooler in the summer and warmer in the winters. This reduces the amount of greenhouse gases being released with the consumption of fossil fuels used to supply the energy to the buildings. A research done on green roofs by Nottingham Trent University showed the following results:    

Mean daily temperature 18.4C Temperature beneath membrane of normal roof 32C Temperature beneath membrane of green roof 17.1C (Gedge).

From these results, one can see the improvements green roofs make and how they can help a University, company, or home owner save big on energy cost. With constant research being done to improve on this research, newer and better efficient roofs will soon be the standard all buildings will have.

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Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater has been one of the most effective was to reduce and recycle the water we use every day from water our lawns to flushing toilets. With the abundance of rain we get here in Florida, this is probably the easiest solution to implement that can have a major impact on the environment for the positive. Water is harvested mainly from the water flowing off the roof, down a downspout to a collect tank. These systems can be inexpensive to build under five hundred dollars to costing several thousands of dollars for a high capacity system, which can capture thousands of gallons. This water can then be used to water lawns and plants, wash your car, and if you have an elaborate system, you can even use this collected water for toilet and urinal flushing. The materials typically used in the low budget system are typically recycled materials. These are usually recycled barrels, which were once used for shipping food grade liquids in them. These barrels can than be modified to collect water, store, and use at a later time.

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One business, I recently visited this past weekend had a new state of the art building built this past year. Miracle Toyota of Haines City Miracle Toyota states, they are the only Green Certified Toyota Dealership in the Orlando Metro Market! I was quite impressed with the overall building. What caught my eye was the cistern that had built to the side of the building that had the down-spout for the roof going into the cistern. Their website states, a rainwater cistern has

4 Rain Barrels and Gardens. Multiple Rain Barrel System, 2012. By Ruth Oppedahl., Wisconsin Lake Superior Basin, Web. 22 Nov 2014, < http://fyi.uwex.edu/rainbarrels/2012/06 /05/multiple-rain-barrel-system/> 9

been installed, which not only reduces the dealership's water usage, but can also be made available for the Haines City and Polk County Fire Departments for emergencies (Florenza). This was great to see businesses are coming on board and becoming LEED certified and helping out the environment.

Student Green Energy Fund (SGEF) The Student Green Energy Fund is a great way to get involved. Here your ideas and aspirations can be brought to life. The Student Green Energy Fund is run by the students for the university. Lead by Student government, USFSP students, faculty, and administrators can submit proposals for green changes around campus.

The only criteria for an idea to be considered are that “Proposals must establish or improve the use of renewable energy technologies or energy efficiencies that directly reduce the university's greenhouse gas emissions, waste, and/or costs”.

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Some of the proposals that have been approved are very cool as well as effective. As mentioned before the USFSP gym had a proposal passed that generated funds to purchase elliptical and other stationary exercise equipment such as treadmills and stair climbers that are plugged in and connected to a generator that produces power for the building (see fig. 1). The proposal was submitted by Daniel Mcgarigal and goes on the idea that the more use the given machine has the more power generated. These machines have

Fig. 1. Exercise equipment such as treadmills and stair climber producing power. 2012; Web; 24 Nov 2014.

done a lot to save cost as well as produce cleaner energy. Daniel pointed out in his proposal submission form that each machine in the gym before these changes were made had been estimated to cost around five hundred dollars in electricity. That is a large cost for having so many machines, not only has Daniels proposal cut that cost it is also another big step for the USFSP movement to go green.

Water Bottle Stations Another great example of the work done by the Student Green Energy Fund is the refillable water bottle stations seen all across campus (see fig. 2). This proposal was submitted by Mike Leggot, the SEAS and the Gardening Club. The stations are all installed and protecting the environment, the idea of the bottle station is to reduce the amount of plastic use on campus. There are hundreds of water/ beverage bottles used throughout the day and a large majority of those bottles are thrown away and not recycled. A great way to show the effectiveness of this is that in the top right corner of the machine it has a little screen with a count of how many water Fig. 2 Refillable water bottle stations seen all across campus. Oct 31, 2013; Web; 24 Nov. 2014.

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bottles we are avoiding to have to waste by simply refilling the one we already have. This proposal aims to eliminate a large chunk of plastic waste here on campus.

Solar Docks If you’re a student on campus one would assume you have seen the solar docks all over the school grounds. This proposal also submitted by Daniel Mcgarigal aims to power electrical devices using solar power. The design is simple and effective, as shown in the image to the left these solar docks have solar panels installed on top of the overhead of the tables and have the wiring down the stem of the top connected to a set of multiple outlets for students and faculty to charge phones or computers of any kind using just the power of the sun. All of the project proposals sent in to Figure 3. This proposal also submitted by Daniel Mcgarigal aims to power electrical devices using solar power. 2012; Web; 24 Nov 2014.

the Student Green Energy Fund were sent with intentions to go green. Though not all of the proposals were approved for funding they all

were great ideas of ways to do this, the projects shown above weren’t the only approved projects. There were more such as the solar powered lighting in the parking garage, and also the hybrid vehicle for the waterfront to tow its equipment. The point is that this fund started in 2011 and over the course of three years it accrued over three hundred thousand dollars. That money was spent on the projects listed above, and what better way to spend that money than to invest it into projects such as these that not only save money in the future but also and most importantly help to benefit the environment.

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Transportation Transportation is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gases and is a problem that USF has set out improve upon. USF’s Tampa Campus Master Plan was the plan used to adopt its Long Range Bicycle Lane Plan. This plan is helping reduce the congestion on the campus and making easier for Faculty, Staff, and students to access the campus by bicycle or walking. They have partnered New North Transportation Alliance (NNTA) and has received 37 bicycle U-racks in 2010, which allows the bicyclist to secure their bicycles. The improvements made in building more safe routes for the pedestrian and bicyclist, more people will use these paths and not drive their cars. This saves them money on gas, reduces traffic, and reduces emissions into the air. USF has increased their on-campus housing and dining facilities, making it easier for anyone on the campus to get to these facilities without having to drive. Parking is at a premium on the campuses, so USF charges for these parking spaces. This has discourage people from driving their cars and seek alternative ways of getting around the campus and city.

Bus Line One of the cheapest and best way to get back and forth from your residents is using the HART transit system. USF students, staff and faculty can leave their cars at home and safely travel back and forth from their residents. USF’s U-Pass program averages 31,500 HART rides per month. Students ride fare-free and faculty and staff pay just $0.25 per trip. USF’s involvement in the dialogue with public partners has positioned the USF Tampa Campus to be served by major transit improvements (Patel

College of Global Sustainability). Many colleges have copied this model and is helping reduce the number of cars out on the road. Many who don’t have cars have found this to be an invaluable asset, which can get them to their needed destination safely, and not worry about all the issues that come with driving a car. Once on campus, USF runs a biodiesel-fueled fare-free campus bus service named the Bull Runner. The Bull Runner Transit provides service for trips within the campus, as well as connecting to neighborhoods to the east, north and west of the campus, connecting to the HART University Area

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Transit Center, and providing service to the University Mall, located west of the campus (Patel College

of Global Sustainability). The Bull runner service about a million customers a year and has help minimize the impact to the environment had all these people driven their vehicles. This is one of the best service on the campus and The Bull runner can also connect you to the HART transit system making it even easier for USF commuters.

Charging Stations In March of 2012 in effort to attain sustainability two electric vehicle charging stations were installed on the USFSP campus. The stations is 240-watt to charge such cars as the Chevy Volt much faster than the standard outlets and it is free of charge to the public. The charging stations was able to be installed because of a U.S. Department of Energy Grant awarded to the University by Duke Energy formerly Progress Energy. The Student Green Energy Fund hope to find similar grants to open up more doors for sustainability initiatives. In February 2013 USFSP launch the first car sharing program in Pinellas County. The purpose of this program is too limited the number of cars on campus in order to promote the continuous sustainability movement. USF Tampa Center for Urban Transportation Research initiated the program and they established a partnership with WeCar by Enterprise, the Florida Department of Transportation District Seven and USF St. Petersburg. The program is for student, faculty, and the general public to rent cars for as little as $8.50 per hour for short trips to the shopping mall and other activity. Ryan Johnson, assistant vice president of WeCar and Rideshare for Enterprise stated “Our car-sharing program is a sustainable, totally automated and efficient mobility option that can help alleviate parking and transportation challenges at universities across the country”.

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Survey What do the students think? In a survey of 100 students I set out to answer a few questions on what the students think. After researching the Student Green Energy Fund and seeing all of the great changes that were made I wanted to know if the student body appreciated this or not? The survey consisted of 3 questions: 

Do you support the efforts of USFSP to “Go Green”

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What specifically have you noticed on campus that shows a greater effort to “Go Green”

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Would you support a small increase in your tuition every semester to continue the efforts to go green into the future?

The results were to be expected. Almost all of the students that I asked said they did support the efforts to go green, ninety eight of them to be exact. The two students that said they didn’t support were both together as I surveyed them as a pair and their reasoning behind being against the cause was interesting. They said that they would rather see money used on things in the class room like more smart boards and new desks. The second question was fun because a little less than half of the students I asked said they were freshmen and some of them claimed to have not noticed very many things that support the idea of going green. A good amount of them did say that they noticed the “No Smoking” signs posted on campus and said that they were in favor of USFSP being a Tabaco free school. Don’t get me wrong a lot of students noticed the solar docks around campus and the gym rats new about the Green energy equipment in the campus rec. but it did seem as if some students were oblivious to the green efforts. The third question…this is the real question, and the one I was excited to find the answer to because it’s not every day that a fund like the Student Green Energy Fund comes around and creates 300,000 dollars to improve the schools environmental impact. I was curious to know if the students would still be so supportive of the movement if their own money was on the line. The results showed that 73 of the 100 students would support going green if the school were to 15

add green energy costs to the tuition bill each semester. I am not sure how many of those students knew that this has already happened. In retrospect I should have asked this but the results are still quite interesting. Of the 27 students who were unsupportive of the tuition increase it was stated multiple times that school is just too expensive and 25 of the 27 (excluding the two students who don’t support the movement at all) said that these going green efforts should be a larger focus that is including in taxes so projects like this can be funded across the nation through taxpayers instead of coming directly out of the students bills.

Conclusion USF is a great college and a good steward of the resources they have at their disposal. They have become the leaders in research of sustainability and have been the model for other universities to follow on their path of going green. With the many programs USF has going on the campus, they have made a commitment to itself and the community to be a leader in sustainability. They are one of six Florida Universities to have been mentioned in The College Sustainability Report Card by "THE Princeton Review's." Guide to 286 Green Colleges. This right their shows their commitment to excellence. With all the green programs at USF, it is the people here that make a difference and what makes these programs work. Without their dedication and commitment to going green, this would not be possible. USF truly is a great place to study, to work at, and to live around the campus. They are first class organization doing their part to make this a better world.

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Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Glossary A Actions - an act that one consciously wills and that may be characterized by physical or mental activity: a crisis that demands action instead of debate. Alternatives - a choice limited to one of two or more possibilities, as of things, propositions, or courses of action, the selection of which precludes any other possibility. Analyze - to study (something) closely and carefully: to learn the nature and relationship of the parts of (something) by a close and careful examination. Assessment – the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something. Atmosphere – an overall feeling and/or effect of a place, especially if it is an environment of pleasure or interest. The area of air and gas enveloping objects in space, like stars and planets, or the air around any location. C Carbon Dioxide – A colorless, odorless gas that is present in the atmosphere and is formed when any fuel containing carbon is burned. Carbon Footprint – is historically defined as "the total sets of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person." Carport – shelter for a car that has open sides and that is usually attached to the side of a building. Climate – a region with particular weather patterns or conditions: the usual weather conditions in a particular place or region: the usual or most widespread mood or conditions in a place. Commitment – a promise to do or give something. : a promise to be loyal to someone or something. : The attitude of someone who works very hard to do or support something. Communication – the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else. Conservation – Careful preservation and protection of something; especially: planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect. Curriculum – the courses offered by an educational institution a set of courses constituting an area of specialization. D Droughts - a period of dryness especially when prolonged; specifically : one that causes extensive damage to crops or prevents their successful growth.: a prolonged or chronic shortage or lack of something expected or desired E Electrical grid – Voltages and depictions of electrical lines are typical for Germany and other European systems. An electrical grid (also referred to as an electricity grid or electric grid) is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers.

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Endowment – the act or process of endowing. : something that is endowed; specifically : the part of an institution's income derived from donations.: natural capacity, power, or ability Energy – natural enthusiasm and effort. Usable power that comes from heat, electricity, etc. Engagement - a : an arrangement to meet or be present at a specified time and place b : a job or period of employment especially as a performer : something that engages : PLEDGE a : the act of engaging : the state of being engaged. Environmental – the conditions that surround someone or something: the conditions and influences that affect the growth, health, progress, etc., of someone or something. Explore – to look at (something) in a careful way to learn more about it: to study or analyze (something). Export – to carry away: REMOVE : to carry or send (as a commodity) to some other place (as another country). F Fossil fuels - a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. G Gas - a substance (such as oxygen or hydrogen) that is like air and has no fixed shape. A gas or mixture of gases that is burned as a fuel. Global Warming - an increase in the earth's atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting especially from pollution. Greenhouse – a structure enclosed (as by glass) and used for the cultivation or protection of tender plants. H Holistic – a. Emphasizing the importance of the whole and the interdependence of its parts. b. Concerned with wholes rather than analysis or separation into parts. I Impact – to have a direct effect or impact on: impinge on. Incentives – Something that encourages a person to do something or to work harder. : Something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action. Inclusive - covering or including everything: open to everyone: not limited to certain people: including the stated limits and everything in between. Incorporated - united in one body: formed into a legal corporation. Induced - to cause (something) to happen or exist. Infrastructure - the underlying foundation or basic framework (as of a system or organization). Initiatives - the power or opportunity to do something before others do: the energy and desire that is needed to do something: a plan or program that is intended to solve a problem. Innovations – the introduction of something new: a new idea, method, or device. Insight – the ability to understand people and situations in a very clear way: an understanding of the true nature of something.

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Insulation – a material or substance that is used to stop heat, electricity, or sound from going into or out of something: a material that insulates something. Integrated – to combine (two or more things) to form or create something: to make (something) a part of another larger thing: to make (a person or group) part of a larger group or organization. Interdisciplinary – involving two or more academic, scientific, or artistic areas of knowledge: involving two or more disciplines. L LEED certified - buildings save money and resources and have a positive impact on the health of occupants, while promoting renewable, clean energy. LEED, or Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, is a green building certification program that recognizes bestin-class building strategies and practices. M Model – a set of ideas and numbers that describe the past, present, or future state of something (such as an economy or a business). N Nominal fee – very small in amount. O Obstacles – something that makes it difficult to do something: an object that you have to go around or over : something that blocks your path. P Photovoltaic – Photovoltaics (PV) is a method of generating electrical power by converting sunlight into direct current electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. A photovoltaic system employs solar panels composed of a number of solar cells to supply usable solar power. Q Quest – a journey made in search of something. :a long and difficult effort to find or do something. R Recycling - is a process to change waste materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production.[1][2] Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse and Recycle" waste hierarchy. Renewable – Relating to a natural resource, such as solar energy, water, or wood, that is never used up or that can be replaced by new growth. Research – careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something: the activity of getting information about a subject. Reward – to give money or another kind of payment to (someone or something) for something good that has been done. S Signatory – having signed, or joined in signing, a document.

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Solar array – refers either to a photovoltaic module, a solar thermal energy panel, or to a set of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. Solar power – is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Strategic plan – is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. Sustainability – able to be used without being completely used up or destroyed: involving methods that do not completely use up or destroy natural resources: able to last or continue for a long time. U Usable – capable of being used: in good enough condition to be used. W White paper - is an authoritative report or guide helping readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. White papers are used in two main spheres: government and business-to-business marketing. They may be considered as grey literature.

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Works Citied Ballogg, Ryan. "New Electric Car Charging Stations Plugged in." 4 Oct. 2012. Web. 3 Nov. 2014. . Ballogg, Ryan. "USFSP May Host City's Largest Solar Panel Array." 19 Feb. 2014. Web. 18 Nov. 2014. . Blais, Jessica. "Duke Energy to Invest $1 Million in USFSP Research Project." 9 Sept. 2014. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. . Dictionary.com. 23 Nov. 2014. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. . Florenza, Matt. "Miracle Toyota." LEED Certified. 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. . Gedge, Dusty. "European Federation of Green Roof Associations - EFB." Green Roofs. Livingroofs.org. Web. 18 Nov. 2014. . Kennedy, Mike. "Overcoming Obstacles To Going Green." American School & University 82.6 (2010): 14-19. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Nov. 2014. Merriam-Webster. 23 Nov. 2014. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. . NASA. "Home." Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. . "Patel College of Global Sustainability." 18 Nov. 2014. Web. 18 Nov. 2014. www.psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives. Reilly, Lauren. "Student Green Energy Fund Is a Great Opportunity for USFSP." 1 Dec. 2012. Web. 3 Nov. 2014. . Scherberger, Tom. "USF St. Petersburg Introduces Car-sharing Program." 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. .

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Stockfisch, Jerome R. "Grant to Help USFSP Produce, Study Solar Power." 15 June 2014. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. . USFsaxyBull. Bronze Bull Statues/Fountain outside of Marshall Student Center. 2014.

Photo/2920, Tampa. By USFsaxyBull.

Annotated Bibliography Ballogg, Ryan. New electric car charging stations plugged in. Saint Petersburg: The Crow’s Nest, 2012. Online. Ballogg’s article talks about USFSP initiative to attain sustainability by using two electric vehicle charging stations. The school was awarded a grant from Progress Energy with the help of U.S. Department of Energy Grant. The charging stations will possibly encourage students to purchase electric cars. With more grants and the Student Green Energy Funds, working together should pave the way for more Go Green initiatives. USFSP is one the first to form a Student Green Energy Fund campaign by adding a $1 per credit hours to student tuition to raise funds for the sustainability project. Blais, Jessica. Duke Energy to Invest $1 Million in USFSP Research Project. Saint Petersburg: USFSP News Center. www.usfsp.edu/blog, 2014. Online. Blais’ blog talks about Duke Energy awarding USFSP a one million dollar SunSense grant. The purpose of the grant is to explore the use of storing solar energy in new battery systems. The grant will allow 100 kW solar photovoltaic systems to be installed on top of the 5th avenue south parking garage. The project will promote sustainability and manage energy cost on USF campus. The collaboration between USFSP and Duke will be an opportunity to research and develop energy solutions that will help both the environment and the customers. Bull, Alex. “USFSP Going Green Survey”. Survey. 11/17/14 At this point I have not yet finished the survey for the student body yet. I am still going through the questions I would like to ask my fellow students as I have been going through some with my friends and classmates I have discovered that not too many students know that we pay more for the green movement per semester at school. I am kind of surprised by this because I would have thought that a good amount of people would have looked closer to their student bills. It is quite clearly labeled in the charges to our accounts and I am 22

interested to hear how more of the student body feels about paying more in exchange for helping the environment.

Orlowski, Mark "Report Card 2011." The College Sustainability Report Card. Sustainable Endowments Institute, 1 Jan. 2011. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. www.greenreportcard.org/reportcard-2011/schools/university-of-south-florida.html. Online. The Sustainability Report Card gives us a good overview on how well USF is doing on its sustainability policies and strategies and how each area is rated. USF scored five A’s, two B’s, and one D in the eight categories they were graded on for an overall grade of B+. This was a vast improvement over the D+ they received in 2008. USF has made great strides in working on the areas they were weak on and maintaining the areas they were strong. The college received a grade of D in the area of Shareholder Engagement. The university provides its investment managers with general guidelines that determine its proxy votes. The report was short on many areas and had no stakeholders involved to help make a difference for the school. PSGS, USF "Sustainability Programs and Initiatives at USF and around the World." Patel College of Global Sustainability. University Communications and Marketing, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. http://psgs.usf.edu/office-of-sustainability. Online. The Office of Sustainability fosters sustainability for urban communities through the research that is done at USF Patel College of Global Sustainability. This office is responsible for all the green incentives that are carried out at USF on all its campus’s. The have planted more than 10,000 trees in the first ten years of its existence. The biofuel transits bus shuttle students for free to campus and home. The website gives us many resources to what is going on in USF sustainability program, what recycle programs do the students have and how they promote it. They have many sections from designed environment to increase the beauty of the college with natural plants and trees creating places students will use and reducing heat islands. The website has many resources that we can use to research what has been done and what needs to be focused on. Stockfisch, Jerome. Grant to help USFSP produce, study solar power. Tampa Bay Online: The Tampa Bay Tribune and the Tampa Times. www.tbo.com/news/education, 2014. Online. Stockfisch’s article talks about the grant award to USFSP for a solar array from Duke Energy. The students will have the opportunity to study solar power. With the solar panels install on the roof of the parking garage, it will bring the facility to net-zero energy. The three schools that already have the SunSense arrays are The University of Central Florida, USF Tampa, and Saint Petersburg College. USFSP did not qualified for this grant several years 23

ago. USF engineering school in Tampa agreed to be involved in the project. This will be the largest Duke solar array in the city."USFSP Student Green Energy Fund." USFSP Student Green Energy Fund. Web. 15 Nov. 2014. . The Student Green Energy Fund- Is a great way to help USFSP continue to go green. The student green energy fund has a site where students can submit proposals to continue the development of our campus! It’s actually really cool to go on the site and read through the proposals. You can see if a certain proposal has been accepted/denied and what the progress for completing it is there is also news on projects as well as information on what’s been done as well as what’s being planned for the future. USGBC "The Princeton Review's" Guide to 286 Green Colleges. The Princeton Review, 1 Jan. 2010. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs7076.pdf. Online. USGBC reviews 286 colleges on there going green incentives and programs these colleges have. The article covers many areas of going green and what each college listed in the review is doing to save money, resources, and maintaining sustainability. This guide talks about the most eco-friendly campuses, featuring everything from solar panel rooms to fairtrade fashion. The great thing about this report is, students can see how each school they are interested uses its resources to reduce its carbon footprint and use renewal energy to achieve sustainability. One of the things USF did to reduce traffic and single car riders was give the students free bus rides, universal access transit passes, and a guaranteed rides home. This is a perk USF students have that will save them money and reduce single-driver car rides, thus reducing carbon output.

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