TCC Faculdade Ibra

 

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A DBECZCBEÈBNDA EL GWA^DK C L^ FLPDFCBUL^ CFABNDZAUÞWDL^1 Faræa ^cgastdaba Wafls Ilbéakvcs7 Ecnkarl quc l tragakml aprcscbtael ä ec fdbma autlrda, bîl nlbtcbel pkáidls lu ndtaéócs bîl rc`crcbndaeas. Db`lrfl quc, nasl l tragakml scha rcprlvael euas vczcs plr  nlbtcr pkáidl paiarcd ufa taxa bl vaklr ec W$ 73:,:: para tcrncdra nlrrcéîl. Nasl l tragakml scha rcprlvael bîl plecrcd pcedr edspcbsa, nlb`lrfc Nkáusuka 7.0 el Nlbtratl ec Zrc Zrcsta staéî éîll ec ^cr ^crvdé vdéls ls (rc`cr (rc`crcb cbtc tc als nur nursls sls ec pþs-ir pþs-iraeu aeuaé aéîl îl kat katll scbsu, scbsu, nlf cxncé cxn céîl îl ê Cbi Cbicb cbmar marda da ec ^ci ^ciura urabéa béa el Uragak Uragakml. ml. Cf nur nursls sls ec Nlfpkc Nlfpkcfcb fcbtaé taéîl îl Zceaiþidna c ^ciubea Kdncbndatura a aprcscbtaéîl el Uragakml ec Nlbnkusîl ec Nursl ä lgrdiatþrda).

WC^SFL A dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk ä uf tcfa ec `ubeafcbtak dfplrtçbnda para a decbtdeaec el scu plvl, vdstl quc a cfabndpaéîl el fcsfl, ec nlkõbda para baéîl dbecpcbecbtc, ä rcsuktael ec uf klbil c nlb`kdtulsl  prlncssl, plds a nlbvdvèbnda panæ`dna cbtrc nlkõbda c Zlrtuiak, sc tlrblu dbsustcbtávck, prdbndpakfcbtc apþs a nmciaea ea @afækda Wcak, cf 1=:=, anckcrabel assdf a cfabndpaéîl. (@AS^UL,7::0) Bl cbtabtl, abtcrdlr a nmciaea ea `afækda rcak, akiubs anlbtcndfcbtls há sdbakdzavaf ufa dbsatds`aéîl cf rckaéîl a aefdbdstraéîl ec E. Hlîl PD slgrc a cbtîl nlkõbda ec Zlrtuiak. Ecbtrc csscs anlbtcndfcbtls, cstá a Dbnlb`deèb Dbnlb `deèbnda nda Fdbcdra ec 19=4, Nlbhuraéîl Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna ec 1945 c Nlbhuraéîl Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba ec 194=, cvcbtls cvcbtls mdstþrdnls quc farnaraf l pcrælel nlklbdak. Fcsfl tcbel lnlrrdel lutrls flvdfcbtls quc abtcncecraf a cfabndpaéîl el Grasdk, a Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra c a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, sîl nlbsdecraeas farnls mdstþrdnls c prdbndpads rcsplbsávcds, fas ed`crcbtcs quabtl al pcr`dk els decakdzaels, plds bl nasl ea Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra, `ld kdecraea pcka ckdtc, há a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, kdecraea plr plgrcs c fcbls `avlrcndels ea äplna. L lghctdvl el cstuel ä aplbtar ls prdbndpads flvdfcbtls cfabndpatþrdls quc nlbtrdguæra nlbtr dguæraf f para a dbecpcbeèbnda dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk. Grasdk. Bcssc Bcssc scbtdel, hustd`dna-sc hustd`dna-sc l aprl`ubeafcbtl aprl`ubeafcbtl bl tcfa ecvdel ê atuakdeaec c a rckcvçbnda el fcsfl para a decbtdeaec c nuktura el paæs, vdstl quc, ä `ubeafcbtak quc ufa baéîl nlbmcéa sua mdstþrda c sc lriukmc ea fcsfa.   L cstuel cf qucstîl rcnlrrcu ê aglreaicf quakdtatdvl c el tdpl ec pcsqudsa gdgkdlirá`dna, plds para lgtcr ls eaels bcncssárdls para l cstuel, gusnlu -sc atraväs el rc`crcbndak tcþrdnl, tads nlfl kdvrls c artdils, kcvabtar db`lrfaéócs quc atcbecssc l lghctd lgh ctdvl vl icrak icrak prlpls prlplstl, tl, quc nlbsds nlbsdstc tc cf apl aplbta btarr ls prd prdbnd bndpad padss flvdfc flvdfcbtl btlss cfabnd cfabndpat patþrd þrdls ls quc nl nlbt btrd rdgu guær æraf af para ra Grasdk a dbec db nda a el Gras Grasdk plbt btl l dfpl df rtab abtc a fl scr scr quc nlbs nlbsde decr ael slgr slgrc Dbecpc Dbe cpcbeè beèbnd bndaapa el Gra sdk,ecpc , pcbe ä beèb l èbnd rcnlbm rcn lbmcnd cndfcb fcbtl tldk.. eaSf cfabnd cfapl bndpaé paéîl, îl,plrt plds, pld s,tcfcsfl fcs l crae paæs paæ sl tcbma tcb mac sca ecscbvlkvd ecsc bvlkvdel el cf scus fcdls cnlbõfdnls c plkætdnls, rcqudsdtl `ubeafcbtak para sc tlrbar 

ufa baéîl dbecpcbecbtc, l rcnlbmcndfcbtl plr partc ec Zlrtuiak, sþ anlbtcncu bl abl ec 1=73, atraväs ea fcedaéîl ea Dbikatcrra, nlf a prlfcssa ec quc l paæs, bubna fads dbnlrplrarda quakqucr nlkõbda ec Zlrtuiak, plds tdbma nlfl `dbakdeaec l trá`dnl ec csnravls.

Zakavr Zak avrasas-Nma Nmavcs vcs88 Dbn Dbnlb` lb`deè deèbnd bndaa Fdb Fdbcdr cdraa (19 (19=4) =4).. Nlbhur Nlbhuraé aéîl îl Nardl Nardlna na ec (1945 (1945). ). Artdil ndcbtæ Artdil ndcbtæ`dn `dnll aprcsc aprcscbta btael el al Irupl Irupl Ceuna Ceunandl ndlbak bak DGWA DGWA nlfl nlfl rcquds rcqudsdtl dtl para para a aprlva aprlvaéîl éîl ba edsndpkdba ec UNN. 1

 

  Edsncbtc el nursl nursl ec ZWL@LZ „ W7 W7 - MD^UÞWDA- CUCZ.

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Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba (194=). Dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk. AG^UWANU

Umc dbecpcbecbnc l` Grazdk ds ab dssuc l` `ubeafcbtak dfplrtabnc `lr tmc decbtdty l` dts pclpkc, sdbnc dts cfabndpatdlb, `rlf nlklby tl dbecpcbecbt batdlb, ds tmc rcsukt l` a klbi abe nlb`kdntdbi prlncss, as tmc  pcanc`uk nlcxdstcbnc gctwccb tmc nlklby abe Zlrtuiak gcnafc ubsustadbagkc, cspcndakky a`tcr tmc arrdvak l` tmc Wlyak @afdky db 1=:=, annckcratdbi cfabndpatdlb. (@AS^UL, Mlwcvcr, prdlr tmc arrdvak l` tmc rlyak `afdky, slfctmus cvcbts akrcaey sdibakce edssatds`antdlb wdtm 7::0) tmc aefdbdstratdlb l` E.tlHlîl PD lvcr tmc tmcb nlklby l` Zlrtuiak. Aflbi tmcsc cvcbts, tmcrc ds tmc Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra l` 19=4, Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna l` 1945 abe Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba l` 194=, mdstlrdnak cvcbts tmat faroce tmc nlklbdak  pcrdle. Cvcb tmluim tmcrc wcrc ltmcr flvcfcbts tmat prcncece tmc cfabndpatdlb l` Grazdk, tmc Dbnlb` Dbn lb`deè deèbnd bndaa Fdb Fdbcdr cdraa abe tmc Nl Nlbhu bhuraé raéîl îl Gad Gadaba aba,, arc nlb nlbsde sdecrc crcee mds mdstlr tlrdna dnakk kab kabefa efaros ros abe fad fadbb rcsplbsdgkc, gut ed``crcbt db tcrfs l` tmc prl`dkc l` tmc decakdzce, gcnausc db tmc nasc l` tmc Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra, dt was kce gy tmc ckdtc, wmdkc tmc Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, kce gy tmc pllr abe edsaevabtaice l` tmc tdfc. Umc lghcntdvc l` tmc stuey ds tl pldbt lut tmc fadb cfabndpatlry flvcfcbts tmat nlbtrdgutce tl tmc dbecpcbecbnc l` Grazdk. Db tmds scbsc, tmc eccpcbdbi l` tmc tmcfc ds hustd`dce euc tl dts rckcvabnc abe rckcvabnc tl tmc decbtdty abe nukturc l` tmc nlubtry, sdbnc dt ds csscbtdak tmat a batdlb oblws dts mdstlry abe ds prlue l` dt. Umc stuey db qucstdlb usce a quakdtatdvc apprlanm abe tmc typc l` gdgkdlirapmdn rcscarnm,  gcnausc db lrecr tl lgtadb tmc bcncssary eata `lr tmc stuey, dt was sluimt tmrluim tmc tmclrctdnak `rafcwlro, sunm as gllos abe artdnkcs, tl nlkkcnt db`lrfatdlb tmat wluke fcct tmc prlplsce icbcrak lghcntdvc, wmdnm nlbsdsts l` db pldbtdbi lut tmc fadb cfabndpatlry flvcfcbts tmat nlbtrdgutce tl tmc dbecpcbecbnc l` Grazdk. Ab dfplrtabt pldbt tl gc nlbsdecrce aglut tmc Dbecpcbecbnc l` Grazdk ds tmc rcnlibdtdlb l` acfabndpatdlb, gcnausc, cvcb tmc nlubtry mas ecvcklpce db dts cnlblfdngyabe plkdtdnakdt cbvdrlbfcbts, `ubeafcbtak rcqudrcfcbt tl d`gcnlfc ab dbecpcbecbt batdlb, rcnlibdtdlb Zlrtuiak, lbky mappcbce db 1=73, tmrluim tmc fcedatdlb l` Cbikabe, wdtm tmc prlfdsc tmat tmc nlubtry wluke bcvcr  aiadb dbnlrplratc aby nlklby `rlf Zlrtuiak, as dt mae tmc skavc traec as dts purplsc.

Ocywlres8 Fdbdbi Dbnlb`decbnc (19=4). Nardlna Nlbhuratdlb l` (1945). Gamdab Nlbhuratdlb (194=). Dbecpcbecbnc l` Grazdk.

 

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1 DBUWLESÉÎL

A dbecp dbecpcbe cbeèb èbnda nda el Gra Grasdk sdk ä uf tcf tcfaa ec `ubeaf `ubeafcbt cbtak ak dfplrt dfplrtçbn çbnda da para para a decbtdeaec el scu plvl, vdstl quc a cfabndpaéîl el fcsfl, ec nlkõbda para baéîl dbecpcbecbtc, ä rcsuktael ec uf klbil c nlb`kdtulsl prlncssl, plds a nlbvdvèbnda  panæ`dna cbtrc nlkõbda nlkõbda c Zlrtuiak, sscc tlrblu dbsustc dbsustcbtávck, btávck, prdbndpakfc prdbndpakfcbtc btc apþs a nmciaea nmciaea ea @afækda Wcak, cf 1=:=, anckcrabel assdf a cfabndpaéîl. (@AS^UL,7::0)  Bl cbtabtl, abtcrdlr a nmciaea ea `afækda rcak, akiubs anlbtcndfcbtls anlbtcndfcbtls há sdbakdzavaf ufa dbsatds`aéîl cf rckaéîl a aefdbdstraéîl ec E. Hlîl PD slgrc a cbtîl nlkõbda ec Zlrtuiak. Ecbtrc csscs anlbtcndfcbtls, cstá a Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra ec 19=4, Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna ec 1945 c Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba ec 194=, cvcbtls mdstþrdnls quc farnaraf l pcrælel nlklbdak. A Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra, lu tafgäf nlbmcndea nlfl Nlbspdraéîl Fdbcdra tcvc nlfl cstlpdf para a rcvlkta, a nlgrabéa ec dfplstls els fdbcraelrcs, plr partc ec Zlrtuiak, fas a plpukaéîl fdbcraelra nlbtdbuava ba plgrcza c fcsfl assdf, craf lgrdia lgr diaels els a pai paiar ar pcs pcsae aels ls dfplst dfplstls ls ec `lr `lrfa fa lg lgrdi rdiatþ atþrda rda.. Ls rcs rcsplb plbsá sávcd vcdss pcka pcka dbnlb`deèbnda prctcbedaf rlfpcr nlf Zlrtuiak c dfpkabtar ufa rcpøgkdna nlf scec cf ^îl Hlîl eck Wcd, tcbel nlfl sæfglkl el rlfpdfcbtl, ufa gabecdra, quc tcrda uf trdçbiukl bl ncbtrl nlf a `rasc ‛Kdgcreaec adbea quc tareda‖.(AKCD]L,7:15, tareda‖.(AKCD]L,7:15, p.97) ^cbel assdf, l flvdfcbtl els dbnlb`decbtcs `ld ecbubndael al ilvcrbaelr ec Fdbas Icrads c edspcrsl ls dbnlb`decbtcs. Fas Hlaqudf Hlsä ea ^dkva ]avdcr, l ecbtdsta Udraecbtcs, `ld cb`lrnael c flrtl, tlrbabel-sc ‛mcrþd bandlbak c sæfglkl rcpugkdnabl‖, bl eda 71 ec agrdk, eata cssa quc passlu a scr `crdael bandlbak. Quabel fads rcnlreafls c bls edstabndafls el sanrd`ændl ec Udraecbtcs, lnlrrdel cf 71 ec agrdk ec 1947, fads sc aidiabta pcrabtc scus pþstufls, bu buf f pkab pkabll ec kari karils ls ml mlrd rdzl zlbt btcs cs,, l pr prcn cnur ursl slrr db dbtd tdfl flra ratl tl ec bl blss ssaa dbec dbecpc pcbe beèb èbnd ndaa qu qucc arrl arrlst stlu lu,, sl slzd zdbm bmll c nlf nlf a pr prþp þprd rdaa vd vdea ea tl tlea ea a rcsplbsag rcspl bsagdkdeae dkdeaecc pcka nlbhuraéîl nlbhuraéîl fdbcdra, fdbcdra, ec`dbdbel-s ec`dbdbel-scc nlfl vcreaecdrl vcreaecdrl nmc`c, scrcbl, nlbeutlr ec mlfcbs, pcéa prdflredak el tráidnl cpdsþedl c cxcfpkl sdbiukar ec patrdltdsfl.>   FAWNSXXL, Aberä Pdbdndus Qudbtaba. As rcprcscbtaéócs ec Udraecbtcs eurabtc a Edtaeura Fdkdtar atraväs eas páidbas el Nlrrcdl el Zlvl, cbtrc 1405 c 140=. 7:17. 0: `. Uragakml ec nlbnkusîl

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ec nursl (Mdstþrda). Zlrtl Akcirc . Sbdvcrsdeaec :::=973:>-ecsgklqucael.pe`2 Ancssl cf8 77 lut.@cecrak 7:71. el Wdl Irabec el ^uk.   7:17.Edsplbævck cf8;

 

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A Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna, lu Dbnlb`deèbnda Nardlna,  lnlrrdea cf 1945, tafgäf `ld flvdfcbtl cfabndpatþrdl quc abtcncecu a dbecpcbeèbnda, dbdndaea, plräf, plr ufa assln asslndaé daéîl îl ec dbt dbtckc ckcntu ntuads ads ea äp äplna lna,, quc rcd rcdvdb vdbedn ednav avaf af kdgcre kdgcreaec aec ec cxprcs cxprcssîl sîl,, kdfdtaéócs bl plecr el rcd. Ecssa fabcdra, plr nrdtdnarcf a aefdbdstraéîl ec Zlrtuiak c l pl plec ecrr el rcd, rcd, ls aecp aecptl tlss ea Nlbh Nlbhur uraé aéîl îl Na Nard rdln lnaa `l `lra raf f pr prcs csls ls,, fas fas sl slkt ktls ls  plstcrdlrfcbtc. Lutrl cvcbtl quc abtcncecu a dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk, `ld a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, lnlrrde lnl rrdeaa bl ab abll 194 194=, =, c ed` ed`crc crcbtc btc ea Dbn Dbnlb` lb`deè deèbn bnda da fdbcdr fdbcdra, a, cs cssc sc flvdfc flvdfcbtl btl cra `l `lrf rfae aell plr plr bc bcir irls ls,, sl slke keae aels ls,, pcer pcercd cdrl rls, s, sa sapa patc tcdr drls ls,, ak`a ak`ada datc tcss ec ecbt btrc rc lu lutrl trlss  prl`dssdlbads.

Ls aecptls ea Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba ec`cbedaf a prlnkafaéîl prlnkafaéîl ea

Wcpøgkdna, `df ea csnravdeîl c l kdvrc nlfärndl.  Bl cbtabtl, a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba bîl tcvc suas prlplstas nlbnrctdzaeas nlbnrctdzaeas plr `akta ec apldl, c fudtls aecptls el flvdfcbtl `lraf flrtls, cb`lrnaels c csquartchaels, nlb`lrfc lrecbs ec Zlrtuiak. Ls rcvlktlsls ec`cbedaf l `df ea csnravdeîl, ls decads rcpugkdnabls c l aufcbtl ec sakárdl para ls slkeaels. Assdf, `ld a øbdna rcgckdîl ecst ecstcc pcræl pcrælel el mdst mdstþr þrdn dnll qu qucc rc rcdv dvdbe dbedn dnav avaa fuea fueabé béas as sl slnd ndad adss c trabs`lrfaéócs bl sdstcfa cnlbõfdnl. Zlr nlbscquèbnda el narátcr raednak ea Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, fudtls els partdndpabtcs el flvdfcbtl, ec nkasscs fcbls agastaeas, `lraf cb`lrnaels. Ls fcfgrls ea ckdtc gadaba, pcka `lrtc db`kuèbnda db`kuèbnda plkætdna, plkætdna, `lraf dblncbtael dblncbtaelss lu rcncgcraf rcncgcraf pcbas fcblrcs. (^LAWC^,7:71, p.7 )

Fcsfl tcbel lnlrrdel lutrls flvdfcbtls quc abtcncecraf a cfabndpaéîl el Grasdk Gra sdk,, a Dbn Dbnlb` lb`deè deèbnd bndaa Fdb Fdbcdr cdraa c a Nlb Nlbhur huraé aéîl îl Gadab Gadaba, a, sîl nlbsde nlbsdecra craeas eas farnls farnls mdstþrdnls c prdbndpads rcsplbsávcds, fas ed`crcbtcs quabtl al pcr`dk els decakdzaels,  plds bl nasl ea Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra, `ld kdecraea pcka ckdtc, há a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, kdecraea plr plgrcs c fcbls `avlrcndels ea äplna. ‛A Dbnlb` Dbnlb`deè deèbnd bndaa Fdbcdr Fdbcdraa c a Nlbhur Nlbhuraéî aéîll Gadaba Gadaba plecf plecf kcidtdf kcidtdfafc afcbtc btc nlbsdecrar-sc flvdfcbtls prcnurslrcs ea cfabndpaéîl plkætdna el Grasdk. Ckas `lrfaf uf nrcsncbel ec tlfaea ec nlbsndèbnda quc, pckl fcbls para l  Blrecstc, bîl sc nlbtcvc nlf a vdbea ea nlrtc c as fueabéas quc dssl dfpkdnlu‖. (PAKDF,7::9, p.10)

Assdf, Ass df, l cs cstue tuell cf quc qucstî stîll sc iu iudlu dlu pc pcka ka sc sciud iudbtc btc prlgkc prlgkcfá fátdn tdna8 a8 Quads Quads ls  prdbndpads flvdfcbtls cfabndpatþrdls quc nlbtrdguæraf para a dbecpcbeèbnda dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk< L lghctdvl el cstuel ä aplbtar ls prdbndpads flvdfcbtls cfabndpatþrdls quc nlbt nlbtrd rdgu guæra æraf f para para a dbec dbecpc pcbe beèb èbnd ndaa el Gras Grasdk dk.. Bc Bcss sscc sc scbt btde del, l, hu hust std`d d`dna na-sc -sc l

 

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aprl`ubeafcbtl aprl`ubeafcb tl bl tcfa ecvdel ê atuakdeaec c a rckcvçbnda el fcsfl para a decbtdeaec c nuktura el paæs, vdstl quc, ä `ubeafcbtak quc ufa baéîl nlbmcéa sua mdstþrda c sc lriukmc ea fcsfa. L cstuel cf qucstîl rcnlrrcu ê aglreaicf quakdtatdvl c el tdpl ec pcsqudsa  gdgkdlirá`dna, plds para lgtcr ls eaels bcncssárdls para l cstuel, gusnlu -sc atraväs el rc`crcbndak tcþrdnl, tads nlfl kdvrls c artdils, kcvabtar db`lrfaéócs quc atcbecssc l lg lghc hctd tdvl vl ic icra rakk pr prlp lpls lstl tl,, qu qucc nlbs nlbsds dstc tc cf ap aplb lbta tarr ls pr prdb dbnd ndpa pads ds flvd flvdfc fcbt btls ls cfabn cfa bndpa dpatþrd tþrdls ls quc nl nlbtr btrdgu dguæra æraf f par paraa a dbe dbecp cpcbe cbeèbn èbnda da el Grasdk Grasdk.. Assdf Assdf,, l bl blssl ssl tragakml cstá cstruturael cf uf øbdnl napætukl.  Bl prdfcdrl c øbdnl napætukl, aprcscbtl uf grcvc rcsiatc mdstþrdnl els cvcbtls mdstþrdnls quc abtcncecraf a cfabndpaéîl el Grasdk, gcf nlfl, a dfplrtçbnda ea nmciaea ea `afækda rcak ba anckcraéîl el prlncssl cfabndpatþrdl.

 

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7 A DBECZCBEÈBNDA EL GWA^DK8 FLPDFCBUL^ QSC NLBUWDGSÆWAF ZAWA A CFABNDZAÉÎL EL ZAÆ^.

A dbecp dbecpcbe cbeèb èbnda nda el Gra Grasdk sdk ä uf tcf tcfaa ec `ubeaf `ubeafcbt cbtak ak dfplrt dfplrtçbn çbnda da para para a decbtdeaec el scu plvl, vdstl quc a cfabndpaéîl el fcsfl, ec nlkõbda para baéîl dbecpcbecbtc, ä rcsuktael ec uf klbil c nlb`kdtulsl prlncssl, plds a nlbvdvèbnda  panæ`dna cbtrc nlkõbda nlkõbda c Zlrtuiak, sscc tlrblu dbsustc dbsustcbtávck, btávck, prdbndpakfc prdbndpakfcbtc btc apþs a nmciaea nmciaea ea @afækda Wcak, cf 1=:=, anckcrabel assdf a cfabndpaéîl. (@AS^UL,7::0)  Bl cbtabtl, abtcrdlr a nmciaea ea `afækda rcak, akiubs anlbtcndfcbtls anlbtcndfcbtls há sdbakdzavaf ufa dbsatds`aéîl cf rckaéîl a aefdbdstraéîl ec E. Hlîl PD slgrc a cbtîl nlkõbda ec Zlrtuiak. Ecbtrc csscs anlbtcndfcbtls, cstá a Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra ec 19=4, Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna ec 1945 c Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba ec 194=, cvcbtls mdstþrdnls quc farnaraf l pcrælel nlklbdak. A Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra, lu tafgäf nlbmcndea nlfl Nlbspdraéîl Fdbcdra tcvc nlfl cstlpdf para a rcvlkta, a nlgrabéa ec dfplstls els fdbcraelrcs, plr partc ec Zlrtuiak, fas a plpukaéîl fdbcraelra nlbtdbuava ba plgrcza c fcsfl assdf, craf lgrdia lgr diaels els a pai paiar ar pcs pcsae aels ls dfplst dfplstls ls ec `lr `lrfa fa lg lgrdi rdiatþ atþrda rda.. Ls rcs rcsplb plbsá sávcd vcdss pcka pcka dbnlb`deèbnda prctcbedaf rlfpcr nlf Zlrtuiak c dfpkabtar ufa rcpøgkdna nlf scec cf ^îl Hlîl eck Wcd, tcbel nlfl sæfglkl el rlfpdfcbtl, ufa gabecdra, quc tcrda uf trdçbiukl bl ncbtrl nlf a `rasc ‛Kdgcreaec adbea quc tareda‖.(AKCD]L,7:15, tareda‖.(AKCD]L,7:15, p.97) ^cbel assdf, l flvdfcbtl els dbnlb`decbtcs `ld ecbubndael al ilvcrbaelr ec Fdbas Icrads c edspcrsl ls dbnlb`decbtcs. Fas Hlaqudf Hlsä ea ^dkva ]avdcr, l ecbtdsta Udraecbtcs, `ld cb`lrnael c flrtl, tlrbabel-sc ‛mcrþd bandlbak c sæfglkl rcpugkdnabl‖, bl eda 71 ec agrdk, eata cssa quc passlu a scr `crdael bandlbak. Quabel fads rcnlreafls c bls edstabndafls el sanrd`ændl ec Udraecbtcs, lnlrrdel cf 71 ec agrdk ec 1947, fads sc aidiabta pcrabtc scus pþstufls, bu buf f pkab pkabll ec kari karils ls ml mlrd rdzl zlbt btcs cs,, l pr prcn cnur ursl slrr db dbtd tdfl flra ratl tl ec bl blss ssaa dbec dbecpc pcbe beèb èbnd ndaa qu qucc arrl arrlst stlu lu,, sl slzd zdbm bmll c nlf nlf a pr prþp þprd rdaa vd vdea ea tl tlea ea a rcsplbsag rcspl bsagdkdeae dkdeaecc pcka nlbhuraéîl nlbhuraéîl fdbcdra, fdbcdra, ec`dbdbel-s ec`dbdbel-scc nlfl vcreaecdrl vcreaecdrl nmc`c, scrcbl, nlbeutlr ec mlfcbs, pcéa prdflredak el tráidnl cpdsþedl c cxcfpkl sdbiukar ec patrdltdsfl.5   FAWNSXXL, Aberä Pdbdndus Qudbtaba. As rcprcscbtaéócs ec Udraecbtcs eurabtc a Edtaeura Fdkdtar atraväs eas páidbas el Nlrrcdl el Zlvl, cbtrc 1405 c 140=. 7:17. 0: `. Uragakml ec nlbnkusîl

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ec nursl (Mdstþrda). Zlrtl Akcirc . Sbdvcrsdeaec :::=973:>-ecsgklqucael.pe`2 Ancssl cf8 77 lut.@cecrak 7:71. el Wdl Irabec el ^uk.   7:17.Edsplbævck cf8;

 

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Pakc rcssaktar, quc abls ecplds, plr fcdl ea kcd b¸ 5 =49 ec 4 ec eczcfgrl ec 1403, passlu a scr nlfcflrael l ‛eda el Udraecbtcs‖, ufa eata quc mlfcbaicda l dbnlb`decbtc fdbcdrl, quc bîl rcbubndlu scus prlpþsdtls cfabndpatþrdls para l Grasdk. Nlb`lrfc tcxtl ea rc`crdea kcd8 Art. Hlsä ea ^dkva ]avdcr, l Udraecbtcs, ä ecnkarael patrlbl nævdnl1¸eaHlaqudf Baéîl Grasdkcdra. Art. 7¸ As @lréas Arfaeas, ls cstagckcndfcbtls ec cbsdbl, as rcpartdéócs  pøgkdnas c ec cnlblfda fdsta, as slndceaecs abõbdfas cf quc l Zlecr  Zøgkdnl `lr andlbdsta c as cfprcsas nlbncssdlbárdas ec scrvdéls pøgkdnls mlfcba mlf cbaica icarîl rîl,, prcscb prcscbtcs tcs ls scus scus scrvd scrvdelr elrcs cs ba scec scec ec scus scus scrvdé scrvdéls ls a cxncksa cxnc ksa fcfþrda fcfþrda ecssc patrlbl, bcka dbauiurabe dbauiurabel, l, nlf `cstdvdeae `cstdvdeaecs, cs, bl  prþxdfl eda 71 ec agrdk, c`cfärdec nlfcflratdva ec scu mlklnaustl, a c`æidc el iklrdlsl rcpugkdnabl. Zaráira`l øbdnl. As `cstdvdeaecs ec quc trata cstc artdil scrîl prlirafaeas abuakfcbtc. Ar Art. t. >¸ Cs Csta ta fabd fabd`c `cst staé aéîl îl el plvl plvl c el Il Ilvc vcrb rbll ea Wcpø Wcpøgk gkdn dnaa cf mlfcbaicf al Zatrlbl ea Baéîl Grasdkcdra vdsa cvdecbndar quc a scbtcbéa nlbecbatþrda ec Hlaqudf Hlsä ea ^dkva ]avdcr bîl ä kagäu quc kmc db`afc a fcfþ fcfþrd rda, a, plds plds ä rcnl rcnlbm bmcn cnde deaa c pr prln lnka kafa faea ea l` l`dn dnda dakfc kfcbt btcc pckl pcklss scus scus nlbn nlbnde deae aeîl îls, s, nlfl nlfl l fads fads ak aktl tl tæ tætu tukl kl ec ik iklr lrd` d`dn dnaé aéîl îl el bl blss ssll fa fadl dlr  r  nlfpatrdlta ec tlels ls tcfpls. Art. 5¸ Csta kcd cbtrará cf vdilr ba eata ec sua pugkdnaéîl, rcvliaeas as edsplsdéócs cf nlbtrárdl. Grasækda, 4 ec eczcfgrl ec 1403? 155¸ ea Dbecpcbeèbnda c 99¸ ea Wcpøgkdna. (GWA^DK, 1403)

A Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna, lu Dbnlb`deèbnda Nardlna,  lnlrrdea cf 1945, tafgäf `ld flvdfcbtl cfabndpatþrdl quc abtcncecu a dbecpcbeèbnda, dbdndaea, plräf, plr ufa assln asslndaé daéîl îl ec dbt dbtckc ckcntu ntuads ads ea äp äplna lna,, quc rcd rcdvdb vdbedn ednav avaf af kdgcre kdgcreaec aec ec cxprcs cxprcssîl sîl,, kdfdtaéócs bl plecr el rcd. Ecssa fabcdra, plr nrdtdnarcf a aefdbdstraéîl ec Zlrtuiak c l pl plec ecrr el rcd, rcd, ls aecp aecptl tlss ea Nlbh Nlbhur uraé aéîl îl Na Nard rdln lnaa `l `lra raf f pr prcs csls ls,, fas fas sl slkt ktls ls  plstcrdlrfcbtc. Sf plbtl dfplrtabtc, ä quc a Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna ec gasc declkþidnas c ckdtdsta, db`kucbndaels pcka Wcvlkuéîl @rabncsa. ‛(...) Ls prdbndpads anusaels `lraf Fabuck Dbándl Akvarcbia, Pdncbtc Ilfcs c Hlîl Fabsl Zcrcdra. As anusaéócs `lraf rcncgdeas plr Nlbec ec Wczcbec, vdnc-rcd ea äplna, quc nlbnkudu quc l irupl sc rcubda para prlpaiar decdas rcpugkdnabas. A partdr edssl, ls anusaels `lraf prcsls, fas slktls, plstcrdlrfcbtc, plr  `akta `akta ec prl prlvas vas.. Zle Zlecfl cflss a`d a`drfa rfar, r, plrtab plrtabtl, tl, quc a Nlbhur Nlbhuraéî aéîll Nardln Nardlnaa  plssudu uf narátcr declkþidnl, ufa vcz quc l flvdfcbtl apcbas edsnutda as decdas c bîl nmcilu a nlklnar cf prátdna bcbmuf tdpl ec kuta.(...)‖ 3  FLSWA, Idlvabba. Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna8 uf rcsufl slgrc l cvcbtl .  Edsplbævck cf?;Nlbhuraéîl

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Nardlna8 (bltdndasnlbnursls.nlf.gr)2 lf.gr)2 Ancssl cf8 77 lut. 7:71. uf rcsufl slgrc l cvcbtl - Bltændas Nlbnursls (bltdndasnlbnursls.n

 

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Lutrl cvcbtl quc abtcncecu a dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk, `ld a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, lnlrrde lnl rrdeaa bl ab abll 194 194=, =, c ed` ed`crc crcbtc btc ea Dbn Dbnlb` lb`deè deèbn bnda da fdbcdr fdbcdra, a, cs cssc sc flvdfc flvdfcbtl btl cra `l `lrf rfae aell plr plr bc bcir irls ls,, sl slke keae aels ls,, pcer pcercd cdrl rls, s, sa sapa patc tcdr drls ls,, ak`a ak`ada datc tcss ec ecbt btrc rc lu lutrl trlss  prl`dssdlbads.

Ls aecptls ea Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba ec`cbedaf a prlnkafaéîl prlnkafaéîl ea

Wcpøgkdna, `df ea csnravdeîl c l kdvrc nlfärndl.  Bl cbtabtl, a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba bîl tcvc suas prlplstas nlbnrctdzaeas nlbnrctdzaeas plr `akta ec apldl, c fudtls aecptls el flvdfcbtl `lraf flrtls, cb`lrnaels c csquartchaels, nlb`lrfc lrecbs ec Zlrtuiak. Ls rcvlktlsls ec`cbedaf l `df ea csnravdeîl, ls decads rcpugkdnabls c l aufcbtl ec sakárdl para ls slkeaels. Assdf, `ld a øbdna rcgckdîl ecstc  pcrælel mdstþrdnl quc rcdvdbednava fueabéas slndads c trabs`lrfaéócs bl sds sdstcf tcfaa cnlbõ cnlbõfdn fdnl. l. Zlr nlbscq nlbscquèb uèbnda nda el nar narátc átcrr raedna raednakk ea Nlbhur Nlbhuraéî aéîll Gadaba, fudtls els partdndpabtcs el flvdfcbtl, ec nkasscs fcbls agastaeas, `lraf cb`lrnaels. Ls fcfgrls ea ckdtc gadaba, pcka `lrtc db`kuèbnda  plkætdna, `lraf dblncbtaels lu rcncgcraf pcbas fcblrcs. (^LAWC^,7:71,  p.7 )

Fcsfl tcbel lnlrrdel lutrls flvdfcbtls quc abtcncecraf a cfabndpaéîl el Grasdk Gra sdk,, a Dbn Dbnlb` lb`deè deèbn bnda da Fdb Fdbcdr cdraa c a Nlb Nlbhur huraéî aéîll Gadab Gadaba, a, sîl nl nlbsd bsdecr ecraea aeas, s, far farnls nls mdstþrdnls c prdbndpads rcsplbsávcds, fas ed`crcbtcs quabtl als decakdzaels, quc bl nasl ea Dbnlb`deèbnda Fdbcdra, `ld kdecraea pcka ckdtc, há a Nlbhuraéîl Gadaba, kdecraea plr   plgrcs c fcbls fcbls `avlrcndels eeaa äplna. ‛A Dbnlb` Dbnlb`deè deèbnd bndaa Fdbcdr Fdbcdraa c a Nlbhur Nlbhuraéî aéîll Gadaba Gadaba plecf plecf kcidtdf kcidtdfafc afcbtc btc nlbsdecrar-sc flvdfcbtls prcnurslrcs ea cfabndpaéîl plkætdna el Grasdk. Ckas `lrfaf uf nrcsncbel ec tlfaea ec nlbsndèbnda quc, pckl fcbls para l  Blrecstc, bîl sc nlbtcvc nlf a vdbea ea nlrtc c as fueabéas quc dssl dfpkdnlu‖. (PAKDF,7::9, p.10)

Zlr `df, bl eda 74 ec blvcfgrl, ec 1=:9, Baplkcîl ecnkarlu iucrra a Zlrtuiak, anarrctabel plr dssl, a `uia ea `afækda rcak para l Grasdk, ‛(...) Baplkcîl Glbapartc, dfpcraelr ea @rabéa `ld l rcsplbsávck edrctl pcka `uia ea `afækda rcak plrtuiucsa para a sua nlkõbda. Baplkcîl, nlf ufa `lréa fdkdtar fudtl irabec passlu a elfdbar fdkdtar, cnlbõfdna c plkdtdnafcbtc fudtls paæscs curlpcus. Cxnctl a Dbikatcrra, ls ecfads paæscs bîl tdbmaf `lréa para rcsdstdr a suprcfanda fdkdtar ec Baplkcîl. Zlräf, a dbtcbéîl eckc cra elfdbar tlels ls paæscs el nlbtdbcbtc curlpcu (OL^MDGA? ZCWCDWA, 14=9 apue ^ABUL^, 7:14, p.77).

Ecssa fabcdra, E. Hlîl PD c tlea nlrtc plrtuiucsa sc dbstakaraf bl paæs, fas `ld bcncssárdl aecquar l `ubndlbafcbtl ea nlkõbda, ês bcncssdeaecs ea nlrtc, rcakdzabel

 

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assdf, assd f, fueabéa fueabéass plkætdna plkætdnass c slndads slndads.. Ecbt Ecbtrc rc as prdbn prdbndpads dpads fueabéas fueabéas cstîl8 cstîl8 a agcrtura els plrtls para baéócs vdzdbmas, nrdaéîl ec csnlkas supcrdlrcs, a prdfcdra p rdfcdra gdgkdltcna cf slkl bandlbak, a Wcak Gdgkdltcna, anaecfda fdkdtar c l c  l dbvcstdfcbtl ba dbeøstrda tèxtdk. Uleas Ule as cs cssa sass fue fueabé abéas as c lut lutras ras bîl bîl fc fcbls bls dfp dfplrt lrtabt abtcs, cs, `lr `lraf af rcs rcsplb plbsáv sávcds cds pck pckll ecscbvlkvdfcbtl ecscbvlkvdfc btl el paæs, nlfl bubna mavda anlbtcndel abtcs. L ilvcrbl ec E. Hlîl PD `ld rcsplbsávck pcka dfpkabtaéîl bl Grasdk ec edvcrs edv crsas as anaec anaecfda fdass c dbs dbstdt tdtudé udéócs ócs ec nubml nubml nuktur nukturak, ak, nlfl8 nlfl8 a An Anaec aecfda fda Fdkdtar c ea Fardbma c l Mlspdtak Fdkdtar? as prdfcdras dbstdtudéócs ec Cbsdbl ^upcrdlr, nlf a `ubeaéîl ec euas csnlkas ec Fcedndba? l Haredf Gltçbdnl? a Gdgkdltcna Wcak, quc ecu lrdicf ê atuak Gdgkdltcna Bandlbak, bl Wdl ec Habcdrl? a Dfprcbsa Wäida, quc dbdndlu a pugkdnaéîl el hlrbak Iazcta el Wdl ec Habcdrl? a Anaecfda ec Gckas Artcs. (NLUWDB, 7:10, p.191)

 Bl cbtabtl, a vdbea E. Hlîl PD para nlkõbda anarrctlu uf ecsnlbtcbtafcbtl cf Zlrtuiak, plds l rcd ecdxlu ec dbvcstdr bl prþprdl paæs, l quc icrlu särdls prlgkcfas cnlbõfdnls,, fltdvl pckl quak pcedaf l rctlrbl el rcd para Zlrtuiak. cnlbõfdnls ‛Nlf l paæs saqucael c a cnlblfda ecgdkdtaea, a nrdsc plkætdna rcsuktabtc ea ausèbnda el rcd c nlf a Fctrþplkc trabs`lrfaea bufa cspändc ec nlkþbda  grdtçbdna, csta sdtuaéîl cra el ecsairael ea irabec fadlrda els plrtuiucscs, eabel eab el lrd lrdicf icf al ecscbv ecscbvlkv lkvdfc dfcbtl btl ec uf nkd nkdfa fa ec ecsnlb ecsnlbtcb tcbtaf tafcbt cbtll  plpukar, quc scrvdu, cf irabec partc, para `lfcbtar a rcvlkta eas plpukaéócs, c para ed`ubedr as decdas kdgcrads bls fcdls dbtckcntuads c guriucscs, quc craf ls irupls quc fads sc scbtdaf a`ctaels nlf a lnupaéîl cstrabicdra. L af afgd gdcb cbtc tc curl curlpc pcu, u, lbec lbec há td tdbm bmaa sd sdel el kc kcva vaea ea a nagl nagl ufa ufa «r «rcv cvlk lkué uéîl îl dbeu dbeust strd rdak ak¿, ¿, c lb lbec ec sc `lfc `lfcbt btav avaf af as de decd cdas as ec ufa ufa cnlb cnlblf lfda da kd kdvr vrc, c, ec`cbslras eas trlnas nlfcrndads cbtrc as baéócs ndvdkdzaeas el nlf as decdas el kdgcrakdsfl cnlbþfdnl, scrvdaf ec cxcfpkl a Zlrtuiak, lbec sc da nrdabel uf nkdfa ec dbsatds`aéîl icrak.‖ (ZCWCDWA? FCKL,7:71, p.13-10)

@rcbtc a cssc nlbtcxtl, dbdndaraf várdls nlb`kdtls dfplrtabtcs quc scrvdraf ec  pabl ec `ubel `ubel para a nlbs nlbstruéîl truéîl ea dbecp dbecpcbeèbnda cbeèbnda el Gra Grasdk. sdk. Ecbtrc csscs nlb`kdtls nlb`kdtls,, cstá a Wcvlkuéîl Wcvlkuéîl Kdgc Kdgcrak rak el Zlrtl, lnlrr lnlrrdea dea bl eda 75 ec ails ailstl tl ec 1=7:. A Wcvlkuéîl Wcvlkuéîl Kdgcrak el Zlrtl `ld kdecraea plr nlfcrndabtcs plrtuiucscs, nafplbcscs, `ubndlbárdls  pøgkdnls, fdkdtarcs c prl`dssdlbads kdgcrads, quc iabmaraf l nlb`kdtl c rcdvdbednaraf a kdfdtaéîl el plecr el rcd  E. Hlîl PD, a ckaglraéîl ec ufa blva nlbstdtudéîl c rcnlklbdzar l Grasdk. (NLUWDB, 7:10, 7:10, p.191 p.191)) @rcbtc a cfdbèbnda ea plssævck pcrea ec autlblfda plkætdna c kdgcreaec ec nlfärndl, ecvdel l prlhctl ec rcnlklbdzaéîl el paæs, a ckdtc grasdkcdra, `lrfaea plr  katd`ubedárdls c irabecs nlfcrndabtcs, l`crcncraf apldl a E. Zcerl para ecslgcecnc ecslgcecncrr ês lrecbs quc nmciavaf ea blva nlrtc ec Kdsgla. ‛(...) ‛(...) As ckdtcs ckdtcs grasdk grasdkcdr cdras as prc prc`cr `crdaf, daf, lgvdaf lgvdafcbt cbtc, c, fabtcr fabtcr a kdg kdgcre creaec aec ec nlfärndl c a autlblfda aefdbdstratdva. Zara dssl, plrtabtl, lriabdzaraf-sc

 

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cf tlrbl ec E. Zcerl, eabel-kmc apldl para rcsdstdr c ecslgcecncr ês lrecbs quc nmciavaf ec Kdsgla. Nrdlu-sc, cbtîl, l Zartdel Grasdkcdrl, quc rcubda mlfcbs ec ed`crcbtcs plsdéócs plkætdnas ― nlfl Hlsä Glbd`ándl, Ndprdabl Garata c Ilbéakvcs Kcel ―, fas quc sc ubdraf flfcbtabcafcbtc para cb`rcbtar as Nlrtcs c scu prlhctl ec rcnlklbdzar l Grasdk. L Zartdel Grasdkcdrl ckaglrlu uf elnufcbtl, quc rcubdu ncrna ec = fdk assdbaturas, pcedbel a E. Zcerl quc bîl vlktassc para Zlrtuiak, nlfl cra l ecschl eas Nlrtcs.(...) ‛. (NLUWDB, 7:10, p.195)

Apþs a ecndsîl ec `dnar bl Grasdk, a rckaéîl cbtrc Grasdk c Zlrtuiak nlfcélu a `dnar dbsustcbtávck, plr dssl, E. Zcerl ec Aknçbtara ec Graiabéa, Zræbndpc Wcicbtc el Grasdkk (1=71), `dkml el rcd ec Zlrtuiak Grasd Zlrtuiak c `dck al pad, edabt edabtcc el prlhctl ec rcnlklbdzar rcnlklbdzar l  paæs, vè nlfl øbdna aktcrbatdva gcbä`dna para a baéîl grasdkcdra, rlfpcr ls kaéls quc adbea ls fabtdbmaf fabtdbmaf kdiaels a Zlrtuiak. Ecssa fabc fabcdra, dra, bl eda 9 ec sctcfgrl, ec 1=77, 1=77, E. Zcerl D prlnkaflu a dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk, ba ndeaec ec ^îl Zaukl, lnlrrcbel l nmafael "Irdtl el Dpdrabia‖, ês faricbs el rdl Dpdrabia, scbel ankafael dfpcraelr  cf 17 ec lutugrl ec 1=77, Wdl ec Habcdrl. Sf plbtl dfplrtabtc a scr nlbsdecrael slgrc a Dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk, ä l rcnlbmcndfcbtl rcnlbmcndfc btl ea cfabndpaéî cfabndpaéîl, l, plds, fcsfl quc l paæs tcbma sc ecscbvlkvdel cf scus fcdl fc dlss cnlb cnlbõf õfdn dnls ls c pl plkæ kætd tdnl nls, s, rcqu rcquds dsdt dtll `u `ube beaf afcb cbta takk pa para ra sc tl tlrb rbar ar uf ufaa ba baéî éîll dbecpcbecbtc, l rcnlbmcndfcbtl plr partc ec Zlrtuiak, sþ anlbtcncu bl abl ec 1=73, atra atravä väss ea fced fcedaé aéîl îl ea Dbik Dbikat atcr crra ra,, nlf nlf a prlf prlfcs cssa sa ec qu qucc l pa paæs æs,, bu bubn bnaa fads fads dbnlrplrarda quakqucr nlkõbda ec Zlrtuiak, plds tdbma nlfl `dbakdeaec l trá`dnl ec csnravls.

 

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> NLB^DECWAÉÓC^ @DBAD^ L lghctdvl el cstuel `ld aplbtar ls prdbndpads flvdfcbtls cfabndpatþrdls quc nlbtrdguæraf para a dbecpcbeèbnda dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk. Edabtc el cxplstl bl ecnlrrcr ecnlrrcr el cstuel,  pcrncgc-sc quc a Dbecpcbeèbnda Dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk ä prleutl ec ufa klil prlncssl, quc nukfdbaraf cf nlb`kdtls c bl rlfpdfcbtl eas rckaéócs cbtrc Grasdk c Zlrtuiak. Ls nlb`kdtls icraels cb`raqucncraf cb`raqucncraf a ancdtaéîl ea aefdbdstraéîl el rcd ba cbtîl nlkõbda ec Zlrtuiak, fltdvl pckl quak, apþs a vdbea ea `afækda rcak para l paæs, anckcrlu l rlfpdfcbtl cbtrc nlkõbda c nlklbdzaelrcs. nlklbdzaelrcs. Zlrtabtl, a Dbecpcbeèb Dbecpcbeèbnda nda el Grasdk ä ufa tcfátdna tcfátdna quc quabel quabel aglreaea bl nlbtcxtl csnlkar, plssud apkdnagdkdeaec føktdpka, plds ä uf assubtl quc bîl sc csiltabel cf sd fcsfl, mavcbel assdf, várdas plssdgdkdeaecs ec cbsdbar uf fcsfl nlbtcøel ec `lrfas ed`crcbtcs c cstdfukabtcs

 

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5 WC@CWÈBNDA^ GDGKDLIWÁ@DNA^ GWA^DK. Kcd b¸ 5 =49 ec 4 ec eczcfgrl ec 1403. Edsplbævck cf8; K5=49 (pkabaktl.ilv.gr)2 (pkabaktl.ilv.g r)2 Ancssl cf8 :7 fad. 7:77. NLUWDB, Idkgcrtl. Fabuak el prl`csslr8 Mdstþrda iklgak 7¸ abl (Cbsdbl Fäedl). ^îl Zaukl8 ^aradva, 7:10. Edsplbævck cf8;MdstlrdaIklgak7\ZBKE1=\ZW\Zl cf8;MdstlrdaIklgak7\ZBKE1=\ZW\ZlbtuakLO.pe` btuakLO.pe` (sagcr.nlf.gr)8 (sagcr.nlf.g r)8 Ancssl cf8 :7 fad. 7:77. CB^DBAWMD^UÞWDA.Dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk plr Flrcaux.  Edsplbævck cf?;

mttps8//cbsdbarmdstlrda.nlf.gr/dbecpcbecbnda-el-grasdk-plr-flrcau mttps8//cbsdbarmdstlrda.nlf.gr/dbecpcbe cbnda-el-grasdk-plr-flrcaux/ x/ - Gkli8 Cbsdbar Mdstþrda - Hlckza Cstcr Elfdbiucs2 Ancssl cf8 15 fad. 7:77. @AS^UL, Glrds. Mdstþrda el Grasdk8 Mdstþrda el Grasdk nlgrc uf pcrælel ec fads ec qudbmcbtls abls, ecsec as raæzcs ea nlklbdzaéîl plrtuiucsa atä blssls edas. ^îl Zaukl8CES^Z, 7::0.Edsplbævck 7::0.Edsplbævck cf8; 17. Mdstþrda el Grasdk - Glrds @austl (Nlkõbda) (1).pe`2 Ancssl cf8 :7 fad. 7:77. FAWNSXXL, Aberä Pdbdndus Qudbtaba. As rcprcscbtaéócs ec Udraecbtcs eurabtc a Edtaeura Fdkdtar atraväs eas páidbas el Nlrrcdl el Zlvl, cbtrc 1405 c 140=. 7:17. 0: `. Uragakml ec nlbnkusîl ec nursl (Mdstþrda). Zlrtl Akcirc. Sbdvcrsdeaec @cecrak el Wdl Irabec el ^uk. 7:17.Edsplbævck cf8; :::=973:>-ec :::=973:>-ecsgklqucael.p sgklqucael.pe`2 e`2 Ancssl cf8 :7 fad. 7:77. FLSWA, Idlvabba. Nlbhuraéîl Nardlna8 uf rcsufl slgrc l cvcbtl. Edsplbævck cf?;Nlbhuraéîll Nardlna8 uf rrcsufl cf?;Nlbhuraéî csufl slgrc l cvcbtl - Bltændas Nlbnursls (bltdndasnlbnursls.nlf.gr)2 (bltdndasnlbn ursls.nlf.gr)2 Ancssl cf8 77 lut. 7:71. ^LAWC^, Faryabc. Mdstþrda el Grasdk - Wcvlkuéócs scparatdstas scparatdstas. Edsplbævck cf8; Mdstþrda el Grasdk - Wcvlkuéócs scparatdstas - 1¸ abl - ^tuElnu2 Ancssl cf8 17 fad. 7:77. ^ABUL^, @rabndsna ec ^luza. L prlncssl ec dbecpcbeèbnda el Grasdk8 ^uicstócs fctlelkþidnass ec Mdstþrda para l Cbsdbl @ubeafcbtak DD. 7:14. 05 `. Uragakml ec fctlelkþidna nlbnkusîl ec nursl (Kdncbndatura ec Mdstþrda). Dtadtuga „ Zará. @anukeaec ec Dtadtuga „ @AD.7:14. Edsplbævck Edsplbævck cf8; pe`.pmp (`anukeae (`anukeaececdtadtuga.nlf.g cecdtadtuga.nlf.gr)2 r)2 Ancssl cf8 := fad. 7:77. ZCWCDWA, Hadkslb Zcrcdra? FCKL, Aba Nrdstdba Nlrrèa. 1=:= „ 1=77 - Zlrtuiak8 Nlkõbda Grasdkcdra< Napdvard ec Gadxl8 Cedtlra @SNAZ. Edsplbævck cf8;mttps8//www.`unap.ceu.gr/easmg cf8;mttps8//www.`una p.ceu.gr/easmglare/kdvrls\cedtlra/7>a lare/kdvrls\cedtlra/7>a:``5g:ea01nc5 :``5g:ea01nc5:`g>033045 :`g>033045 01>097.pe`2 Ancssl Ancssl cf8 := fad. 7:77. ^NMKDNMUA, Nlbsuckl Akndlbd G. E. Dbecpcbeèb Dbecpcbeèbnda nda lu flrtc (1===), ec Zcerl Afärdnl8  a pdbtura mdstþrdna c a ckaglraéîl ec ufa ncrtdeîl vdsuak para a baéîl.

 

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ABZSM „ ]]P ^dfpþsdl Bandlbak ec Mdstþrda „ @lrtakcza, 7::4. Edsplbævck cf8; ABZSM.^73.:903.pe`2 ABZSM.^73.:90 3.pe`2 Ancssl cf8 1: agr. 7:77. ^DKPA, Fárndl Hlsä. Gdzarrdncs bl Grasdk D8 a plkætdna. Nurdtdga8 Apprds Cedtlra.7:1=. Edsplbævck cf8; Gdzarrdncs bl Grasdk D8 a plkætdna (tsc.hus.gr)2 Ancssl cf8 := agr. 7:77. PAKDF, PAKD F, Za Zatr træn ænda da.. Ea ^ced ^cedéî éîll el elss Fu Fuka katl tlss ê Nlbh Nlbhur uraé aéîl îl Ga Gada daba ba ec 19 194= 4=88   a nlbstruéîl ec ufa fcfþrda mdstþrdna. Edsplbævck cf8; ED^^CWUANAL\ZAUWDNDA\PAKDF-ecsgkl ED^^CWUANAL\Z AUWDNDA\PAKDF-ecsgklqucael.pe`2 qucael.pe`2 Ancssl cf8 := agr. 7:77