Tausug Reader Sample

Tausug Reader

Wilma A. Amil Nurlyn M. Jupackal Fahkriemar H. Limpasan Perla S. Ledesma Edited by: R. David Zorc

2011

Tausug Reader Copyright © 2011 by AECOM, Inc. All rights reserved.

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ISBN: 978-1-931546-82-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2011921535 Printed and bound in the United States of America

Table of Contents Preface................................................................................................................. i Abbreviations ....................................................................................................ii Complex Sound Changes. ............................................................................... vi A Note On Tausug Uniques. .........................................................................viii A Note On Spanish Loanwords. .................................................................... ix Bibliography. ..................................................................................................... x

Selections Selection Selection Selection Selection Selection Selection

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

In Jaga Pitaka’ .............................................................................. 1 Pagsa’bu sin Pamarinta ha Sūg .................................................... 5 Graduation ha Jolo ....................................................................... 7 Isturi hi Toto’ ................................................................................ 9 In Pangalay Festival ha Jolo....................................................... 11 In Manga Piyagbiddaan sin Mawmaas iban sin Manga Anak Nila ....................................................................... 13 Selection 7. Hambuuk Panglaggui ha Manga Naghihinang ha Guwa’ Hula’ ........................................................................................... 15 Selection 8. Dūyan.......................................................................................... 17 Selection 9. Būd Kaha’................................................................................... 19 Selection 10. Panayam: Red Alert 2 ................................................................ 21 Selection 11. Pag’anad Biya’-diin Magparāgan Motor ................................... 24 Selection 12. In Ba’gu Capitol Site .................................................................. 26 Selection 13. Manga Ginisan Pangahagad ha Bulākaw .................................. 28 Selection 14. In Baya’ Mapinda ....................................................................... 30 Selection 15. Kabuhi’ sin Hambuuk Bata’ Iskul Naghihinang ....................... 32 Selection 16. Ha Museum ................................................................................ 35 Selection 17. Manga Sasakatan Lupa’ ha Tiyanggi ........................................ 37 Selection 18. Manga Timpu ha Philippines ..................................................... 39 Selection 19. In Niyug ...................................................................................... 41 Selection 20. Manga Pangahagad sin manga Tausūg ha Mantiyanak ............ 43 Selection 21. Manga Usu Ba’gu ha Manga Drama sin Pilipinas .................... 45 Selection 22. In Halga’ sin Manga Duwaa ...................................................... 47 Selection 23. Usaha Tinda-tinda ...................................................................... 49 Selection 24. Ungsud, Lawng sin Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines .................................................................................. 51 Selection 25. Adlaw Pagpuasa sin Hambuuk Muslim..................................... 53 Selection 26. Manga Ipatan .............................................................................. 55 Selection 27. Kabuhianan sin manga Tausūg ha Kagimbahan ....................... 57 Selection 28. In Gaddung Panghiyanum Ha Lupa’ Sūg .................................. 59 Selection 29. Pagtanum ha Taykud Bāy .......................................................... 61 Selection 30. In Pagtagama sin Pagkaun ......................................................... 63 Selection 31. In Takwim sin Tausūg: Manga Adlaw Iban Manga Bulan ....... 65 Selection 32. Manga Banda Rock .................................................................... 68

Selection 33. Gun Ban ...................................................................................... 70 Selection 34. Madrasa: Hambuuk Iskul sin Islam ........................................... 72 Selection 35. In Computer ha Bihaun .............................................................. 74 Selection 36. Balat ............................................................................................ 76 Selection 37. In Pagdatung sin manga Barang Technology ............................ 78 Selection 38. Anak sin Sundalu ....................................................................... 80 Selection 39. Biya’-diin Magpanayam Patsa ................................................... 83 Selection 40. Bāy amu in Nagdarā Sukud ....................................................... 86 Selection 41. In Manga Pangaddatan sin Tausūg ha Manga Bata’-Bata’ Ba’gu Piyag’anak ....................................................................... 88 Selection 42. Manga Pakukus .......................................................................... 90 Selection 43. Pagbuhat ..................................................................................... 92 Selection 44. Foreign Policies .......................................................................... 94 Selection 45. In Kahālan sin Pagboto .............................................................. 96 Selection 46. Manga Call Center ..................................................................... 98 Selection 47. Manga Langgit ha Manga Bata’-Bata’ .................................... 100 Selection 48. Sakit Manuk ............................................................................. 102 Selection 49. Unu in Cell Phone pa Kabuhi’ Natu’ ...................................... 104 Selection 50. Katān Pasal Lunag.................................................................... 106 Selection 51. Pag’ubat ha Panghinang-hinang .............................................. 108 Selection 52. Kasambuhan ha Lupa’ Sūg ...................................................... 110 Selection 53. Paghinang Pambut .................................................................... 112 Selection 54. Jīn hi Apu’ Ku .......................................................................... 114 Selection 55. Pagmundu ha Video ................................................................. 116 Selection 56. Pag’iskul Nursing ..................................................................... 118 Selection 57. Tiyapuk sin Kukuk ................................................................... 120 Selection 58. Manga Bāy ha Kagimbahan ..................................................... 122 Selection 59. Kamatay.................................................................................... 124 Selection 60. Manga Ingat-kapandayan sin Kamaasan ................................. 126 Selection 61. Pagkawin Tausūg ..................................................................... 128 Selection 62. Manga Adlaw sin Haylaya ....................................................... 131 Selection 63. In manga Pali-palihan Sin Kamaasan Natu’ ............................ 133 Selection 64. In Tuman Maana sin Jihad ha Dān sin Allah .......................... 135 Selection 65. Paghindu’ Mathematics ha manga Bata’-Bata’ ....................... 137 Selection 66. In Pangaddatan sin Tausūg ...................................................... 141 Translations Selection Selection Selection Selection Selection Selection Selection Selection

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

The Wallet Guard ..................................................................... 145 Celebration of Sulu Governance .............................................. 145 Graduation in Jolo .................................................................... 146 Story of Toto’ ........................................................................... 146 The Pangalay Festival in Jolo .................................................. 147 The Differences between Parents and Their Children............. 147 A Tribute To Overseas Workers .............................................. 148 Durian ....................................................................................... 149

Selection 9. Mount Kaha' ............................................................................. 149 Selection 10. The Computer Game: Red Alert 2 ........................................... 150 Selection 11. Learning How to Drive a Motorcycle ...................................... 151 Selection 12. The New Capitol Site ............................................................... 151 Selection 13. The Variety of Beliefs in the Shooting Star............................. 152 Selection 14. The Desire to Change ............................................................... 153 Selection 15. Life of a Working Student ....................................................... 153 Selection 16. At the Museum ......................................................................... 154 Selection 17. Land Transportation in Jolo ..................................................... 154 Selection 18. Seasons in the Philippines ........................................................ 155 Selection 19. The Coconut Palm .................................................................... 156 Selection 20. Tausugs’ Beliefs in the Mantiyanak ........................................ 156 Selection 21. New Trends in Philippine Soap Operas ................................... 157 Selection 22. The Value of Prayer ................................................................. 157 Selection 23. The Sari-Sari Store Business.................................................... 158 Selection 24. Dower, According to the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines ............................................................ 159 Selection 25. A Muslim’s Day of Fasting...................................................... 159 Selection 26. Pets............................................................................................ 160 Selection 27. Livelihood of the Tausugs in the Hinterland ........................... 161 Selection 28. The Verdant Vegetation in Sulu .............................................. 161 Selection 29. Backyard Gardening................................................................. 162 Selection 30. Food Preparation ...................................................................... 163 Selection 31. The Tausug Calendar: Days and Months ................................ 163 Selection 32. Rock Bands............................................................................... 165 Selection 33. Gun Ban .................................................................................... 165 Selection 34. Madrasa — An Islamic School ................................................ 166 Selection 35. The Computer Nowadays ........................................................ 167 Selection 36. Leather ...................................................................................... 168 Selection 37. The Influx of Technological Products ..................................... 168 Selection 38. The Child of a Soldier .............................................................. 169 Selection 39. How to Play Patsa .................................................................... 170 Selection 40. A House That Brings Luck ...................................................... 171 Selection 41. Tausug Practices for Newly-Born Babies ............................... 172 Selection 42. Bladed Weapons....................................................................... 173 Selection 43. Customary Binding of the Abdomen of a Pregnant Woman .. 173 Selection 44. Foreign Policies ........................................................................ 174 Selection 45. Election Issues .......................................................................... 175 Selection 46. Call Centers .............................................................................. 175 Selection 47. Vaccines for Young Children .................................................. 176 Selection 48. Avian Influenza ........................................................................ 177 Selection 49. What the Cell Phone Is in Our Lives ....................................... 177 Selection 50. All About Stress ....................................................................... 178 Selection 51. Curing by Black Magic ............................................................ 179 Selection 52. Development in the Province of Sulu ...................................... 179 Selection 53. Pump-Boat Making .................................................................. 180

Selection 54. My Grandmother's Genie ......................................................... 181 Selection 55. Video Piracy ............................................................................. 181 Selection 56. Studying Nursing...................................................................... 182 Selection 57. Hidden by a Kukuk ................................................................... 183 Selection 58. Houses in the Rural Areas ........................................................ 184 Selection 59. Death......................................................................................... 185 Selection 60. Skills of the Elders ................................................................... 185 Selection 61. Tausug Wedding ...................................................................... 186 Selection 62. Religious Festival Days............................................................ 187 Selection 63. The Superstitions of Our Elders ............................................... 188 Selection 64. The True Meaning of Jihad in the Way of Allah..................... 188 Selection 65. Teaching Mathematics to Children .......................................... 189 Selection 66. The Personality of the Tausug ................................................. 191 Glossary .................................................................................................... 195

Preface This reader is designed to provide an intermediate student of Tausug with a broad selection of authentic articles together with all necessary lexical and grammatical information to decipher them. The selections are rated between levels 2 to 3 plus according to the standards defined by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) or American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). These selections can also be used productively to supplement or lead into Intensive Tausug: A Pedagogical Grammar of the Language Of Jolo, Philippines by Carl R. Galvez Rubino (published by Dunwoody Press in 2006; revised edition forthcoming). The selections are original creations by three authors. Every effort has been made to offer the widest range of genres for different settings: Culture and Society, Politics, Economics, Local History, Science and Technology, Defense, Geography, and the Environment. The selections have not been changed or abbreviated from their originals, and great care has been made to correspond them exactly to the recordings (available separately). The first part of this book contains the sixty-six selections with individual vocabularies. Words are entered in the order of their first appearance. Please note that the glosses are purposely literal, especially for verbs, since the three passive voices are idiosyncratic to Philippine languages. The standard idiomatic or free rendition of these verbs in English will be found in each respective translation. Once glossed, a word will not be re-glossed unless there is a substantial change in its meaning. Note also that words appearing in the Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana (1994 edition) by Irene U. Hassan, Seymour A. Ashley, and Mary L. Ashley are generally not glossed herein. The second part of this book consists of the translations of each selection. For the most part, they are free and rendered in standard American English. The third and final part of this book is an overall glossary in alphabetical order, representing a compilation of all individual vocabularies.

i

Abbreviations ’ — glottal stop ~ — or abr — abbreviation abs — abstract noun adj — adjective adv — adverb art — an article; See: cm atr — attributive, used in a modifying function, but not a true adjective Bis — a Bisayan (ambiguously Cebuano or Hiligaynon) loanword body — name of a part of the body (human or animal) card — cardinal numeral (e.g., one, two, ten, sixty) Ceb — Cebuano loanword Cf: — confer with Chav — Chavacano loanword circum — circumfix cm — case marker [ ~ "art"] cmp — compound (two words strung together as a complete unit) col — collective noun "the combination of all X's" comp — comparative (used in comparing one thing against another) CSLI — Center for the Study of Language and Information curse — a curse, insult, or condemnation hurled at someone date — date (i.e., day of the week, month of the year) dial — dialect dim — diminutive direction — a specific form of location word (e.g., north, south, east, west, etc.) dist — distributive verb (inflected with mang-, nang-, or pang-) dist loc — distritutive verb (inflected with mang- -an, pang- -an) dp — discourse particle enum — enumerative (a noun that functions like a numeral) exis — existential predicate: There is, has, having exis poss — existential possessive expr — expression (three or more words strung together expressing a single idea) [Contrast: phr] ext — an extended meaning fem — female, feminine, referring to a woman Hil — Hiligaynon or Ilonggo loanword idiom — a word or group of words that functions as a single idea, not readily understandable outside of the culture imp — imperative or command form of the verb inch — inchoative verb (denoting becoming more so) indef — an indefinite form inf — infinitive form of the verb (to VERB)

ii

instr — instrumental focus, the object is moving away from the speaker or is an instrument used in performing the action (inflected with hi-, hika-, hipag-, kiya-, etc.) intens — intensive or "very" much so intj — interjection or exlamation intr — intransitive verb (one that does not take a direct object) kin — a kin term (related by blood or by marriage) lit — literal meaning; literally loc — a location (marked with ha); locative focus (inflected with -an, -i) masc — male, masculine, referring to a man meteo — meteorological word (expressing weather conditions, e.g., rain, windy, monsoon, typhoon, etc.) Mex — Mexican Spanish n — noun n cmp idiom — compound noun that does not mean what its elements imply n cmp poss — a noun compounded with a possessive pronoun n cmp time — a noun compound that expresses some temporal dimension or relationship n loc — a noun formed with the locative suffix -an or any noun referring specifically to some place or geographic location n phr — noun phrase n pl — a noun in its plural form n, adj — noun also functioning attributively (i.e., as an adjective) n, v — a noun stem that also functions as a verb stem (having the same overall meaning in English, e.g., ulan "rain") neg — a negative word "no; not; don't!; never" neg adj phr — an attributive phrase that functions like an adjective neg exis — a negative existential "none; there is none" neg expr — a combination of 3 or more words expressing a single idea neg intj — a negative interjection neg preverb — a negative preverb neg pro — a negative plus a pronoun num — numeral, number num adv — adverbial use of a numeral (e.g., secondly, by the hundreds, ten each, three times [multiplicative]) num cmp — numeral compound, a number composed of two or more parts num prf — a prefix used with numeral stems obl — an oblique form (i.e., in the locative) [Case 3] ord — ordinal numeral (e.g., first, second, tenth, sixtieth) orig — originally pass — passive or object focus verb (inflected with -a, -hun, -un, etc.) past — past tense form (sometimes called perfect or perfective) pejor — pejorative, rude, crude ~ negative term or expression phr — phrase (three or more words that form a complex idea or function as a single part of speech) [Contrast: cmp, expr] iii

pl — plural form or marker pn — personal name ~ proper noun pn loc — name of a geographic location: town, city, province, country, etc. poss — possessive [Case 2] pot — potential or potentive mood "can, able to; could;" also denotes an accidental ~ coincidental action, e.g., "happened to VERB," also nonvolitional causation prep — a prepositional element (a noun functioning like a preposition in English) pres — present tense form, usually formed with CV- reduplication preverb — a preverb (a form that comes before and governs another verb as part of an entire verb phrase) prf — prefix pro — pronoun pro indef — an indefinite pronoun pro obl — an oblique pronoun pro phr — pronoun phrase pro poss — a possessive pronoun pro redup — a reduplicated pronoun proverb — proverb proverb idiom — a proverb with a highly idiomatic meaning qw — an interrogative or question word qw cmp — a question composed of two words or created by compounding, e.g., bukun ka "isn't it so?" qw expr — a question composed of three or more words qw loc — a question asking about place, position, or location qw phr — a question composed of three or more words qw pn — a question word asking about a personal name or proper noun qw time — a question word asking about time qw v — a question word functioning as a verb recip — reciprocal noun, pronoun, or verb implying "each other," "one another" (subject and object interact) redup — any word that is repeated or reflects reduplication of its root or stem redup x — a word that appears to be a reduplication but bears little or no connection to any root relig — a word relating to religion or supernatural beliefs (including terms reflecting pre-Islamic animism) rw —root word See: — see the word or example cited sg — singular form or marker, referring to one entity SIL — Summer Institute of Linguistics SIPL — Studies in Philippine Linguistics soc — social or ethnological label sp — a species of animal or plant Span — Spanish loanword, probably through Chavacano iv

st — stative (reflecting some physical feeling, state, or emotion) st atr — a stative-attributive form suf — suffix sup — superlative adjective, "most" ~ "greatest" syn — synonym, form with the same or a similar meaning tag — the form of a question that assumes an answer, e.g., isn't it so? Tag — Tagalog loanword time — temporal implication, time expression tr — transitive verb (one that takes a direct object) Tsg — Tausug typo — a typographical error or possible misspelling v — verb v dist pres — distributive verb in the present tense (nangCV-) v loc — locative verb (inflected with the -an or -i suffixes) v root — verb root v st — stative verb v st loc — stative verb inflected with ka- -an forms var — variant of var spel: — variant spelling, an alternate way of spelling the word vn — verbal noun (usually marked with prefix pag-) vn prf — verbal noun ~ gerund prefix

v

Complex Sound Changes There are five important sound changes (i.e., morphophonemic changes by linguists) which may prove difficult for some students of this language. It is important to understand that some words change quite drastically from their root form, and the student will not readily find such words in a dictionary where words are listed under their root, rather than in alphabetical order. Before five consonants, the mangCV- prefix actually takes the shape of mangVng-, while with mang- and pang-, the first consonant of the root is lost. *B* hipamāk "meet" < bāk + hipangmamimī "buyer" < bī + mangCVmamomoto "voter" < boto + mangCVmamumunu’ "killer, murderer" < bunu’ + mangCV*K* mangangalang "singer" < kalang + mangCVmangingita’ "fortune-teller, seer" < kita’+ mangCVmangungugut "extortionist" < kugut "extort" + mangCVmangunguut "pickpocket" < kuut + mangCVnangungura' "riding a horse" < kura' + nangCV*P* mamula "blush, turn red: < pula + mangnamudji "praised, glorified" < pudji + nangpamalihala' "taking care" < palihala’ + pang*S* mananasal "smith" < sasal + mangCVmaniniyul "one who fishes with a fine net" < siyul + mangCV*T* mananahi’ "seamstress, tailor" < tahi’+ mangCVmananawal "medicine man" < tawal+ mangCVThe prefixes mang-, mangCV-, and pang- appear unchanged before all vowels and two consonants /h/ and /l/. See Rubino 2006:121 from which several of these examples are taken. *A* mangasubu "ask" < asubu + mangmangatubang "face each other" < atubang + mangpanganud "cloud" < anud + pangpangandul "trust, confidence" < andul + pang*I* mangihi’ "urinate" < ihi’ + mangvi

mangingista’ "fisherman" < ista’ + mangCVmangiklug "lay an egg" < iklug "egg" + mangmangiban "accompany" < iban + mang*U* mangungubat "shaman, medicine man" < ubat + mangCVmangungudju’ "mocker" < udju’ + mangCVmangungutang "debtor, borrower" < utang + mangCVpangukabi "opening" < ukab + pang- -i *D* mangdāg "climb" < dāg + mangmakapangdā’dā’ "offend, hurt s.o.'s feelings" < dā’dā’ + makapangnangda’gan "pressed down on s.t." < da’gan + nangpangdakup "elopement" < dakup + pang*G* panggaga "discipline, control" < gaga + pangmanggalit "shout" < galit + mangnanggubat "attacked" < gubat + nang*J* mangjawab "answer" < jawab + mangmangjahulaka' "maltreat s.o." < jahulaka' + mangmangjiyara "kiss the hand of one's elders on a feast day (as a sign of respect" < jiyara + mangEXCEPTION: manjari "can, able to" < jari + mang- [Var mangjari] *H* manghabun "ambush, overwhelm" < habun + mangmanghaplas "bathe, take a sponge bath" < haplas + mangmanghihindu’ "instructor, teacher" < hindu’ + mangCVmanghuhukum "judge" < hukum + mangCV*L* manglalanggal "violator" < langgal + mangCVmanglalappas "redeemer" < lappas + mangCVmanglulunggu’ "terrorists" < lunggu’ + mangCVpanglaggui "tribute" < laggu’ + pang- -i The Months of the Year Note that the names of the months of the year in Tausug are adopted Islamic terms, not Spanish (as is the case in the vast majority of Philippine languages). Throughout this Reader, when a Western date is referred to (as an American or Christian Filipino would recognize them), an English word is used: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

vii

The Islamic names have religious signficance: Muharram — first month (having thirty days) Sappal, Shafar, Syafar — second month Rabiyul — quasi-prefix or compound word used on the third ~ fourth months [Arabic "spring"] Rabiyul Awal, Rabi Al Awal — third month Rabiyul Ahil, Rabi Al Ahil — fourth month Ahil — (quasi-suffix or last compound word used on the fourth and sixth months) Jumadil Awal, Jumadir Awal — fifth month Jumadil — (quasi-prefix or first compound word on the fifth and sixth months) Jumadil Ahil, Jumadil Ahir — sixth month Rajab — seventh month Sa’ban — eighth month (having 29 days) Ramadan, Ramadhan — Ramadhan, the fasting month (ninth month, having 29 or 30 days) Sawwal, Shawwal — tenth month (having 29 days) Julkaidda, Julka’idda — eleventh month Julhadji’, Julhajji’ — twelfth month

A Note On Tausug Uniques While Tausug is a language within the Bisayan family (most closely related to Butuan), it has at least a dozen unique forms that distinguish it from Bisayan dialects and also from all other Philippine languages. Tausug amuin

atawa awn (aun) bayá’ + mahuun iban kagunahan kaingatan kawhaan [+Ceb dial] manjari sagwa’ (sagua’) sīn subay

English Bisayan (usual) which, who, that amu (ang) [Subordinates what follows to that which precedes] or Span u / o there is may / igwa like, want -ruyag yes huu and kag must; need kinahanglan know hibadu, sayud twenty (20) kaduhaan, Span baynte can, able mahímu' but apang, Span pero money pirak, Span kwarta should dapat

viii

A Note On Spanish Loanwords Tausug, unlike its Bisayan and other Philippine relatives, shows its greatest influence from the Samal language family, e.g., Samal, Yakan, and also from direct contact with Indonesian and/or Malay. There is no evidence for any direct influence from the Spanish, because the Tausugs staunchly resisted all invaders, both Spanish and American. However, the TausugEnglish Dictionary erroneously attributes what are essentially Spanish loans to Tagalog, whereas the provenance of such borrowings is most likely to be from trade and contact with the nearby Chavacano (a Spanish and Asturian creole language). Tausug āmu bayla bisita būla dipindi duru

English employer, boss dance visitor, guest ball depend (on ~ upon) strengthen, grow stronger

kampu kāru-kāru lamisahan mantakilya pamilya pasyal prublima pusti sini tambutsu

base, field carts table jam, jelly, margarine family stroll, walk; visit problem post movie muffler, exhaust pipe

tarabahu timpu usal

work era, period of time use

Spanish amo "master, boss" bailar visita bola depender duro "hard, tough, strong" campo "countryside" carro la mesa "the table" mantequilla "butter" familia pasear problema poste cine "cinema, theater" tambucho "escape hatch" trabajo tiempo usar

For hundreds of parallel citations, consult the Chavacano Reader (Miravite et al. 2009. Dunwoody Press).

ix

Bibliography Abubakar, Norma M. 1969. The segmental phonemes of Tausug and English: a constrastive study. Unpublished MA thesis, Silliman University, Dumaguete City. [SIL#140] 2/5/2004. Alvarez, Teresa, ed. 2005. Harraps' Spanish and English Dictionary. New York: McGraw Hill. Anonymous. "Tausug sentences," [62 pages; author unknown in Cornell Wason Library PL 6044.T 2T17 + Armour, Malcolm S. 1984. A comparison of narrative and hortatory discourse in Tausug. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Texas, Arlington. xiii +197 lvs. [SIL#286] 2/5/2004. Ashley, Lois. 1963. "Tausug substantive phrases." Manila: SIL. 5 lvs. [SIL library #296; See also SIL# 300, 301, 302, 1593, 3434] 2/5/2004. Ashley, Seymour. 1964. "A descriptive analysis of Tausug." Manila: SIL library. 18 lvs. [SIL #297 See also 1593, 3434] 2/5/2004 –. 1973a. "A case classification of Tausug verbs." Sulu Studies 2:70-85. [SIL #298]; orig: A Case Classification of Tausug Verbs: Prepublication ms. 27 pages; 6 page bib and notes. –. 1973b. "Notes on Tausug orthography." Sulu Studies 2:86-94. [SIL #299] 2/5/2004 Ashley, Seymour and Lois Ashley. 1963a. "The phonemes of Tausug." In Papers on Philippine Languages 1, ed. by Elmer Wolfenden, 717. Manila: ILT and SIL. [SIL #300] 2/5/2004 –. 1963b. "The relationship of dramatis personae to voice and focus categories of verbal inflection in Tausug." Manila: SIL. 14 lvs. [SIL #301] 2/5/2004 –. 1971. "Outline of sentence types of Tausug." Philippine Journal of Linguistics [PJL] 2.1:44-91. [SIL #302] 2/5/2004 Constantino, Ernesto Andres, comp. 1980. A Tausug-English Dictionary. Diliman, Quezon City: UP. 332 pp. [SIL #944] 2/5/2004 Copet, Rene. 1957. Tausug Dictionary. Jolo, Sulu: Notre Dame of Jolo Press. 333 pp. [SIL #949] 2/5/2004 Corro, Anicia del. 1976. Review of: Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana (Hassan, Ashley & Ashley). Philippine Journal of Linguistics (PJL) 7.1/2:93-94. Cowie, Andson. 1893. English-Sulu-Malay Vocabulary. London: THEO. 193 pages. Damsani, Maduh, Efren Alawi, and Gerard Rixhon. n.d. Hangdangaw Tausug text. Ewing, J. Franklin. 1955. "Notes on the Tausug of Siasi in particular and the Moros of the Southern Philippines in general," in Mindanao Conference, 78-79. Chicago: University of Chicago. [SIL #1236] Hassan, Irene, Nurhadan Halud, Seymour Ashley, and Lois Ashley, compilers. 1975. Tausug-English dictionary: Kabtangan iban maana. Quezon City: SIL. [SIL #1593] [789 pp.] x

Hassan, Irene U., Nurhadan Halud, Seymour A. Ashley, and Mary L. Ashley, compilers. 1994. Tausug-English dictionary: Kabtangan iban maana. Manila: Summer Institute of Linguistics. Sulu Studies 6. [688 pp] Julpatta, Malangka and Malcolm S. Armour. 1978. "Tausug: Text 1 (folktale texts)." Studies in Philippine Linguistics (SIPL) 2.2:180-92. [SIL #1945] Kamlian, Jamail. 1996. “The Economic Aspects of the Tausug Traditional Beliefs, Rituals and Practices.” In Lim, J. ed. The Mindanao Forum, XI.1. Karim. n.d. "Tausug sentences" [1 page] Kasman, Edward Salkiya. 1962 "Birth and death rituals among the Tausugs of Siasi." Unitas 35:291-340. [SIL #1963] Kroeger, Paul. 1993. “Phrase Structure and Grammatical Relations in Tagalog.” CSLI Publications. Stanford, California. Link, Francis L. 1924. ms. Abstract of a portion of the Sulu Dialect. [Manuscript 85 pages] Manguilimotan, Erlyn Q. n.d. “Syntactic Representation of Simple Verbal Tausug Sentences Using Lexical-Functional Grammar Formalism.” Ms. Ateneo de Zamboanga University. Medes, Aseron. n.d. "Tausug words/sentences" [1 page] Miravite, Rommel M., Ulysses Clint N. Sanchez, Day S. Tardo, Shirven John B. Viloria, and Fr. David John M. Delos Reyes, S.J. 2009. Chavacano Reader. Springfield, VA: Dunwoody Press. Moody, David C. 1984. "The Suluk (Tausug) language." in Julie K. King and John Wayne King (eds.), Languages of Sabah: A survey report, 75-84. Pacific Linguistics C, 78. Canberra: Australian National University. Peneyra, Irma U. 1992. A Grammatical Sketch of the Tausug Language. The Archive, UP Diliman. [55 double spaced pages] Rubino, Carl R. Galvez. 2006. Intensive Tausug: A Pedagogical Grammar of the Language of Jolo, Philippines. Springfield, VA: Dunwoody Press. [xv + 419 pages] Summer Institute of Linguistics and Ministry of Education and Culture. 1979. Languages of the Southern Gateway: Chavacano, Sinama, Tausug, Yakan. Philippines: Marshburn Press. [117 pages] Sundita, Christopher Allen. 2002. In Bahasa Sūg: An Introduction to Tausug. Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co. Manila: Philippines. ISBN 971-92226-6-2. Tawasil, Sapii, Seymour Ashley and Lois Ashley. 1978. "Tausug: Text 2 (folktale texts)." SIPL 2.2:192-201. [SIL #3434] Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1964-1975. "Unpublished MS of 513-item vocabulary (researched in 1962 by Tsuchida) of Isnag (2 dialects), Ibanag (2 dialects), Kalinga (2 dialects), Gaddang, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Bikol (2 dialects), Koyonen, Aklanon (2 dialects), Ilonggo (2

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dialects), Kinaray-a, Waray, Maranaw, Magindanaw, Manobo (Tagabawa), Tausug, and Samal." Usman, Saripul. n.d. "Tausug laundry story." [1 page transcript of recording] –. n.d. "Tausug notes." [2 pp.] Yamada, Yukihiro. n.d. Vocabularies of 28 Philippine language groups including: Maranaw, Magindanaw, Tausug, etc. Np. [SIL #3822] Yamashita, Michiko and Ibno I. Hussein. 1988. Tausugu-go Kaiwa Renshuchi [Pag-anad sin Pagbissara sin Bahasa Tau-sug / A Drill Book for Tausug Conversation]. Tokyo: Daigakushorin. ix + 138 pp. [SIL #3876] Yap, Priscilla (Mrs.). 1971. "Tausug sentences." [1 page, double sided] Zorc, R. David. 1971a. "Ideas on Tausug." [1 page = 50% cognates with Palawano; *h-preserving; *e > u; *R > g] –. 1971b. "Palawano-Tausug cognate chart" [1 page double sided] –. 1971c. "Tausug Verb inflection paradigm" [1 page] –. 1971d. "Proto-Austronesian worksheet for Tausug; Informant Mrs. Priscilla Yap.] –. 1971e. "Proto-Philippine worksheet for Tausug." [8 pages, Informant Mrs. Priscilla Yap.] –. 1976. The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction. Pacific Linguistics C.44.

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In Jaga Pitaka’ Ina’: Unu in huhulmatan dīhil kaymu hi Babu’ Ubay mu? Anak: Tagad! Iyuukab ku pa ini. Hātiku pitaka’ ini. Huun, maray’ pitaka’. Ina’: Bang yan pitaka’ maray’ awn sīn ha lawm. Anak: Bang bihadtu, iyusal niya tagna’ in huhulmatan niya kāku’. Ina’: Bukun bihadtu, anak. Liyuunan niya yan sīn ha supaya awn jaga pitaka’. Anak: Unu in jaga pitaka’? Ina’: Pitaka’ in huhulmatan kaymu? Anak: Huun, pitaka’ ini, ina’. Awn sambil hang gatus pilak ha lawm. Ina’: Amu na tuud yan in jaga pitaka’. Sīn siya pila-pila na. Pagbutangun siya ha lawm magjaga sin pitaka’. Hangkan tiyawag siya jaga pitaka’. Anak: Na, mayta’ subay awn jaga pitaka’? Ina’: Lawng nila bang awn jaga sin pitaka’ mu di’ ini kaubusan sīn. Awn sadja sīn hikaluun mu ha lawm. Hangkan apabila awn ba’gu pitaka’ subay tuud awn jaga. Di’ mu manjari ini gastuhun. Bang mu ini usalun, subay kaw mamī ba’gu, pasal pangahagari ini sin way na sumūd sīn pa pitaka’ mu. Di’ mu manjari sambian atawa usalun in jaga pitaka’ hipamī mu unuunu na. Subay mu tuud ini di’ tangkugun. Subay ini hitaw’ ha pitaka’ mu saumul. Vocabulary in cm the [topic case marking particle for common nouns] jaga ! n guard, watchman; patrol @ vn guarding, watching s.t. carefully # v guard, watch; protect pitaka' n wallet; purse ina’ n kin mother unu qw what? huhulmatan n gift, offering; entertainment

• hulmat v give, provide, issue; entertain, serve; do service (usually for s.o. of high rank) • CV- -an circum [forms nouns] dīhil v past gave, provided, issued • -iy- v infix pass past -ed, -en • dihil v give, provide, issue kaymu pro obl you [singular object]; to/for/with you; your, yours [Var spel: kaimu]

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hi cm sg poss of [personal noun singular possessive case marker] babu’ n fem kin aunt Ubay pn fem Ubay (female personal name) mu pro poss your, thy [singular]; by you; you anak n child, offspring tagad v wait, await iyuukab v pass pres is being opened; am/is/are opening • CiyV- v pass pres prf is being VERBed [indicates progressive ~ present form of a passive verb] • ukab v tr open ku pro poss my; by me; I pa dp time still, yet ini deic-1 this (near speaker); these; here hātiku dp adv probably, presumably, most likely; maybe, perhaps [lit. I think] • hāti ! n meaning; understanding @ v root understand, know the meaning of; think, learn huun dp intj yes! [affirmative, confirmative; colloquial spoken variants include huu, haa, hm and wa] maray’ dp maybe, possibly, perhaps; probably bang conj if, whether, as to [conditional]; when, at, during; once [temporal] yan deic-2 this (one here, near listener), these; there (near you); this coming (near in future time) awn exis poss there is/are; have, own, possess sīn n money ha lawm prep loc cmp inside, within [Var spel: ha laum]

ha cm loc at, in, on; with, between, among; during; for, to; against; from; based upon [Indicates general or nonspecific location.] lawm n abs depth (as of the sea or one's thoughts); inside, interior (of s.t.); seriousness [Var spel: laum] bihadtu ! deic comp like that @ qw cmp is that so? [Var biyadtu] iyusal v pass past used; was used • usal v use [Span usar] niya pro poss his, hers, its; he, she, it; by him, her, it tagna’ adv time ! first, at first; before, formerly, from the beginning; [atr] former @ v begin, be first kāku’ pro 1 sg obl me; for me, to me; mine bukun neg pred not (so) liyuunan v loc past put; was put • -iy- -an v circum loc past was VERBed • luun ! n contents, everything inside of s.t. else @ v fill, put ~ place s.t. inside s.t. else ha supaya conj cmp so that, in order to supaya conj so that, to, in order that, for sambil adv conj including; as well as, and ... too [conjunctive]; until, up to [temporal] hang gatus num cmp one hundred • hang- num prf one • gatus num hundred pilak n silver; money; pesos amu na dp phr agreement the very one, the very thing amu dp thus, so, like this, like that; right, correct, true, correct

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na ! dp time now (expected) [Signals the arrival of the time of an event or the attainment of an expected state; often not translated.] @ dp time already (sooner than expected) [Signals the occurrence of an event or the attainment of a state sooner than expected. Contrasts with pa.] # dp intj Well!, Now! [Used at the beginning of a sentence.] $ All right (then)!, Okay! [Calls attention to a point of contention or incites a person to do s.t.] tuud dp adv very, really, truly, exactly, indeed; surely, plainly, thoroughly; so much so; at all siya pro 3 sg topic he, she, it pila-pila enum indef any amount; whatever it costs pagbutangun v is placed, is added • pag- -un v pass circum being VERBed; get VERBed • butang ! v put, place (s.t. somewhere) @ n pile (a group of things placed somewhere) magjaga v inf guard sin cm poss of the [genitive, possessive marker]; by the [nonfocused SUBJ]; with, against, from [equivalent to Tagalog ng] hangkan conj because, therefore, thus, that is why tiyawag v pass past was called • tawag v root call, summon, ask s.o. to come mayta’ qw why? subay preverb should, ought to, must lawng nila v cmp they say; adv cmp accordingly lawng ! v say; think @ make a mistake, err; be mistaken; [ext]

deceive, delude, mislead [Var spel: laung] nila pro 3 pl poss their; by them; they di’ neg not, no; never kaubusan v pot loc can run out of • ka- -an # v pot loc circum can be VERBed at ~ for • ubus ! v finish off, consume s.t. totally; complete; run out of @ v st atr finished (off); done, completed sadja ! dp just, only @ adv time always, all the time hikaluun v instr pot can be put • hika- v instr pot prf can be VERBed apabila conj if [conditional]; when, the moment that [temporal] ba’gu adj new gastuhun v pass be spent • gastu ! n cost; expense, expenses, expenditure @ v root spend money; support, provide financial support for s.o. • -hun v pass suf get VERBed; be VERBed; fut will be VERBed (after a vowel) usalun v pass be used • -un v pass suf get VERBed, be VERBed; fut will be VERBed [Forms transitive objectorientation (direct passive) or stative verbs when the verb root ends in a consonant.] kaw pro 2 sg topic enclitic you [singular] mamī v dist buy (in bulk); patronize; fut will buy • mang- v dist prf [Creates a verb implying multiple repetitions of the act or a plural object, but both the –ng and the first consonant of the root change; here to mam-.] 3

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• bī v tr root buy; sell pasal ! prep concerning, for, about @ conj because of # n market pangahagari v dist loc is believed • pang- -i v dist loc circum is being VERBed at, in ~ on • kahagad v believe; obey; follow way na adv no more, no longer • way adv no, not, no longer (used to negate verbs in realis aspect) sumūd v act inf to enter, to go inside; [ext] to do business • sūd ! n catch of fish (in a fish corral) @ n business partner # fine-toothed comb (for removing hair lice) $ v mot root enter, go inside; put s.t. inside of s.t. else • -um- v inf infix to do VERB once off or one time (with consonant-initial stems) manjari ! preverb can VERB; may; could; would @ v st happen, come to pass; become, turn out to be # dp seq then,

and then, now then, so then $ v atr likely, probable sambian v loc get changed; be exchanged • sambi’ v change, exchange, replace atawa conj or hipamī v instr dist be bought (in quantity) [rw bī] • hipang- v instr dist prf VERB (in quantity); be VERBed a lot unu-unu na enum cmp redup any unu-unu pro indef redup whatever; something (or other) tangkugun v pass be touched, get moved • tangkug v touch, move hitaw’ v instr be kept, be stored, be put away • hi- v instr prf VERB (away) [Used to form instrument verbs or on any verb where the object is moving away.] • taw’ v root keep, put away saumul adv time endlessly, forever, (for) always

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