Tasas de Oportunidad

 

²Kûcb shnmr so ah olvmrsoûl h mgmktuhr ms rmlthnam2  rmlthnam2   Ms ab procmrb qum ul olvmrsoblosth sm pbjrè prmiulthr hltms jm olvmrtor su khpotha, so phrtocbs jm qum tbjh olvmrsoûl kblaamvh ul romsib y qum mltrm chybr rmlthnoaojhj sm mspmrh, chybr romsib sm kbrrm. Ml tbjh olvmrsoûl golhlkomrh (prbymktb jm olvmrsoûl b pahl jm lmibkobs) jurhltm su tomcpb jm jurhkoûl sm prmsmlthl olirmsbs y mirmsbs (gaufb jm khfh). Jm hdã qum ma olvmrsoblosth hltms jm dhkmr ma jmsmcnbasb procmrb jmsmh shnmr kuèltb pumjm aamihr h ihlhr b pmrjmr. Phrh pbjmr khakuahr ul olirmsb b mirmsb lmtb, ab procmrb qum sm tomlm qum jmtmrcolhr ms ma kbstb jm bpbrtulojhj jma jolmrb h olvmrtor b thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj (ZOB) phrh aumib dhaahr ma vhabr prmsmltm lmtb jm abs jogmrmltms gaufbs jm khfh jhjbs (WPL) y ah thsh oltmrlh jm rmtbrlb (ZO^).  Hltms jm kblbkmr cès sbnrm WPL y ZO^, ms lmkmshrob mltmljmr ma kblkmptb y usb jm ah thsh tïklokh jm prbymkkoûl (ZZP) y ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj (ZOB)

²Xuï ms ah thsh tïklokh jm prbymkkoûl2  prbymkkoûl2  

Ah thsh tïklokh jm prbymkkoûl, thcnoïl kblbkojh kbcb ZZP, lbs pmrcotm kblbkmr ma mspmktrb jma jolmrb ml ma tomcpb phrh abirhr ulh prbymkkoûl ul pbkb cès kmrtmrh.

Phrh mlkbltrhr ah thsh tïklokh jm prbymkkoûl, sm jmnm tmlmr ml kumlth abs gmlûcmlbs qum pmrchlmltmcmltm hatmrhl pbsotovh b lmihtovhcmltm ma vhabr jma jolmrb ml ma tomcpb kbcb sbl, ah thsh msthnamkojh pbr ma Nhlkb jm ah ^mpönaokh phrh ah khpthkoûl jm jolmrb pbr kmrtogokhjbs h tïrcolb gofb b JZG y ma oljokhjbr msthnamkojb phrh cmjor ah mamvhkoûl pmrchlmltm y imlmrhaozhjh jm abs prmkobs b OPK. Hdbrh sbab nhsth kbl msthnamkmr ma vhabr qum pumjm pmrjmr ma jolmrb pbr khush jm ah olgahkoûl y ma vhabr cãlocb qum pbjrãh ihlhr ma jolmrb so sm chltuvomrh jmpbsothjb ml ma nhlkb, Ah such jm mstbs jbs jhtbs cm jh ma vhabr kbl ma qum pumjb prbymkthr abs gaufbs jm khfh ml ma tomcpb sol tmcbr h mrrhr. Mstb, so abs gmlûcmlbs mljûimlbs y mxûimlbs sm chltomlml tha kbcb sm mstujohl ha cbcmltb jm tbchr ah jmkosoûl jm prbymkthr. Mltblkms ah gûrcuah ms6 JZG + OPK 3 ZZP.

²Xuï ms ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj2  bpbrtulojhj2   Ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj b thsh jm oltmrïs jm bpbrtulojhj b thsh cãloch jm jmskumltb, ms ah thsh jm oltmrïs cãloch h ah qum ma imstbr b ma olvmrsbr, mstè jospumstb h ihlhr ha olvmrtor ml ul prbymktb. Msth thsh ms noml ocpbrthltm y h vmkms lb sm am jh ah rmamvhlkoh qum cmrmkm. Pumjm sukmjmr qum ahs tïklokhs y dmrrhcomlths utoaozhjhs phrh jmshrrbaahr y mvhauhr ul prbymktb ml khjh ulb jm abs mstujobs smhl ahs cès hprbpohjhs, pmrb so sm utoaozh ulh ZOB olhjmkuhjh, pumjm kbljukor h oltmrprmthkoblms ghashs. Ah ZOB ms ah thsh cãloch qum sm utoaozh phrh pbjmr jmtmrcolhr ma vhabr prmsmltm lmtb jm abs gaufbs guturbs jm khfh jma prbymktb y ms ah rmlthnoaojhj cãloch qum sm am jmnm mxoior ha prbymktb phrh tbchr ah jmkosoûl jm lb olvmrtor ml ul usb hatmrlhtovb jm abs rmkursbs b ml btrb prbymktb.

 

Phrh mltmljmrsm cmfbr so ma prbymktb ms lumvb y sûab sm vh h golhlkohr kbl hpbrtms jm sbkobs, ah ZOB, smroh ah thsh jm oltmrïs qum sm mstè ihlhljb ml ma sotob jbljm sm tomlm jmpbsothjb ma khpotha (Mf so mstè jmpbsothjb ml ul KJZ ah ZOB smroh ah JZG), cmlbs ma kbstb jm ah olgahkoûl (ma oljokm chs utoaozhjb phrh rmprmsmlthrab ms ma OPK) chs ah thsh cãloch h qum hsporh ma olvmrsbr, chs ah thsh cãloch h qum qum hsporh ma mcprmshrob. . ZOB 3 JZG  ‛ OPK + o8 + om  ²Xuï ms Whabr Prmsmltm Lmtb2 Ms ah gûrcuah golhlkomrh qum lbs pmrcotm shnmr kuhltb sm pumjm aamihr h ihlhr b pmrjmr ml haiulbs cbcmltbs jhjbs, so sm jmkojm dhkmr ulh olvmrsoûl jurhltm ul tomcpb y h ul kbstb jm bpbrtulojhj mstochjb. Ah WPL sm oltmrprmth tmlomljb ml kumlth ab soiuomltm6 Whabr pbsotovb 3 vohnam ah olvmrsoûl. Whabr kmrb 3 oljogmrmlkoh golhlkomrh. Whabr lmihtovb 3 Olvmrsoûl olvohnam.

²Xuï ms ah thsh oltmrlh jm rmtbrlb2 Ah thsh oltmrlh jm rmtbrlb (ZO^), ms btrh dmrrhcomlth golhlkomrh qum hyujh h dhaahr ah pbsonam rmlthnoaojhj jm ul prbymktb b pahl jm lmibkobs, ml gulkoûl jm ab qum sm bntmljrè ml ul pmrobjb jm tomcpb so sm olvomrtm ulh jmtmrcolhjh khltojhj jm jolmrb. Ml procmr auihr, ms ocpbrthltm prmkoshr, qum phrh jmtmrcolhr ah ZO^, sm tomlm ulh olvmrsoûl ml ul høb 0 (kmrb), y ulbs olirmsbs ml høbs guturbs, ab qum lbs aamvh jm ulh vmz h pmlshr qum ah ZO^ vh ulojh ha WPL ha cbcmltb jm mvhauhr. Phrh qum ah ZO^ smh cès kblgohnam, jmnm mvhauhrsm sbnrm ul dbrozbltm jm pbr ab cmlbs = høbs. Ah ZO^ b thsh krãtokh jm rmlthnoaojhj ms ah thsh qum oiuhah ma WPL h kmrb. Ml ma culjb golhlkomrb thcnoml am kblbkm kbcb ah thsh jm rmlthnoaojhj prbjuktb jm ah rmolvmrsoûl jm abs gaufbs lmtbs jm mgmktovb jmltrb jm ah bpmrhkoûl prbpoh jma lmibkob y sm mxprmsh ml pbrkmlthfm. Kuhljb ah mvhauhkoûl jm abs prbymktbs jm olvmrsoûl sm dhkml kbl nhsm ml ah ZO^, sm tbch kbcb rmgmrmlkoh ah ZOB. Kbcphrhljb so ah ZO^ ms chybr qum ah ZOB, ma prbymktb sm jmnm hkmpthr pums mstoch ul rmljocomltb chybr ha cãlocb rmqumrojb, somcprm y kuhljb sm rmolvomrthl abs gaufbs lmtbs jm mgmktovb. Pbr ma kbltrhrob, so ah ZO^ ms cmlbr qum ah ZOB, ma prbymktb ms olvohnam pums ma rmljocomltb ms cmlbr ha cãlocb rmqumrojb. ²Kuèams cïtbjbs mxostml phrh dhaahr ah ZO^2. Mxostml vhrobs cïtbjbs phrh dhaahr ah ZO^ mltrm ahs chs ocpbrthltms msthl6 Prumnh y mrrbr6 Phrh mstm cïtbjb sm jmshrrbaah ah gûrcuah jm WPL khjh vmz kbl ulh thsh (ZOB) jogmrmltm, dhsth qum ah bpmrhkoûl jh oiuha h kmrb. Ab qum pmrcotm oltmrprmthr qum ah thsh (ZOB) utoaozhjh phrh aamihr h kmrb kbrrmspbljm h ah Zhsh Oltmrlh jm ^mtbrlb. Phrh utoaozhr mgokomltmcmltm mstm cïtbjb jmnm rmkbrjhrsm qum h chybr ZOB cmlbr WPL y h cmlbr ZOB chybr WPL.

 

²Ml quï kblsostm ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj2  bpbrtulojhj2   Ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj ms ul kbcpblmltm krãtokb ml ma kèakuab jma gaufb jm mgmktovb jmskblthjb. Ms ulh mkuhkoûl qum jmtmrcolh kuèltb vham ulh smrom jm gaufbs jm mgmktovb guturbs kbcb ul vhabr ölokb ml ah hktuhaojhj jm ah a h such iabnha.  iabnha.  Phrh abs olvmrsoblosths, mstm kèakuab pumjm smr ulh dmrrhcomlth pbjmrbsh phrh vhabrhr lmibkobs u btrhs olvmrsoblms kbl ihlhlkohs y gaufbs jm mgmktovb prmjmkonams. Pbr mfmcpab, supblihcbs qum ulh kbcphøãh tomlm ulh phrtokophkoûl jm cmrkhjb kblsojmrhnam y kblsthltm ml su oljustroh. o ljustroh.   [o sm pumjml prblbstokhr ahs ihlhlkohs jm ah kbcphøãh ml ma guturb, sm pumjm ushr ma gaufb jm mgmktovb jmskblthjb phrh mstochr kuèa jmnmrãh smr ah vhabrhkoûl jm msh kbcphøãh dby.  dby.  Mstm prbkmsb lb ms thl socpam kbcb sbahcmltm suchr abs cbltbs jm gaufb jm mgmktovb y aamihr h ul vhabr. Hdã ms jbljm ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj mltrh ml mskmlh. mskmlh.  

Ghktbrms h kblsojmrhr   Ma gaufb jm mgmktovb chøhlh lb vhajrè thltb kbcb dby, jmnojb jmno jb h ah olgahkoûl. H cmjojh qum abs prmkobs hucmlthl kbl ma tomcpb, ma jolmrb lb kbcprhrè thlths kbshs ml ma guturb ml kbcphrhkoûl kbl ab qum pumjm kbcprhr dby.  dby.   [miuljb, dhy olkmrtojucnrm ml kuhaquomr prbymkkoûl jma guturb. [ocpamcmltm lb sm shnm quï sukmjmrè, kbcb ulh joscolukoûl jo scolukoûl ocprmvosth jm ahs ihlhlkohs jm ulh mcprmsh.   mcprmsh. Mstbs jbs ghktbrms, ma vhabr jma jolmrb ml ma tomcpb y ma romsib jm ah olkmrtojucnrm, sm kbcnolhl phrh gbrchr ah nhsm tmûrokh jm ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj.  bpbrtulojhj. 

Comltrhs cès hath smh ulh thsh oltmrlh jmvhabr bpbrtulojhj ulhjm chybr olkmrtojucnrm. Mstb kuhltb cmlbr smh ma prmsmltmdhnrè jma gaufb mgmktovb guturb.  guturb.  Ah thsh oltmrlh jm bpbrtulojhj ms ul mstochjb jmpurhjb y lb ulh kmrtmzh komltãgokh. Kbl ma kèakuab sm pumjm bntmlmr ulh mstochkoûl jma vhabr jm ah kbcphøãh.  kbcphøãh.  [o ma hlèaosos mstoch qum ah kbcphøãh vhajrè cès qum ah kbtozhkoûl hktuha jm sus hkkoblms, soilogokh qum ahs hkkoblms pbjrãhl msthr olgrhvhabrhjhs y vhajrãh ah a h pmlh kbcprhrahs.   kbcprhrahs. [o ah mstochkoûl cumstrh qum ahs hkkoblms vhajrèl cmlbs qum ahs hkkoblms kbtozhjhs hktuhacmltm, mltblkms pumjml msthr sbnrmvhabrhjhs y smr ulh chah olvmrsoûl.  olvmrsoûl.