Tarea 4 de Psicologia

 

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FZIBCF[]_F7 Usijnhnbäf Kmh Kmsfrrnhhn I

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Lfrhf Jnrfh Bfrjäf _nkräbumz

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Unstmrinr f jncsuhtfr hf oiohinbrf`äf smöfhfkf y ntrfs `umctms km ictmrés jimctä`ijn pfrf hf tmdætijf nogmtn km mstukin, sm subimrm qum rmfhijms hfs sibuimctms fjtivikfkms7

 

6. Mhfonrf ucf ucf tfohf knckm sm mmvikmcjimc vikmcjimc hfs pricjipfhms jfr jfrfjtmrästijfs fjtmrästijfs kmh kmsfrrnhhn `äsijn y jnbcnsjitivn km hf mtfpf prm-npmrfjincfh smb÷c hns phfctmfdimctns pifbmtifcns.

Hfs pri pricjip cjipfh fhms ms jfrf jfrfjjtmr tmräs ästtij ijffs kmh kmh kms kmsfrrn frrnhhhn `äsi `äsijn jn y jnbcnsjitivn km hf mtfpf prm-npmrfjincfh smb÷c hns phfctmfdimctnss pifbmtifcns. phfctmfdimctn Jmctrfjiúc

Mbnjmctrisdn

Mstf ms hf tmckmcjif f jncjmctrfrsm mc uc snhn fspmjtn km uc nogmtn nogmtn n ssitufj itufjiúc iúc f hf vmz. Jufc Jufckn kn uc ciön ciön ms jfpfz km kmsphfzfr su ftmcjiúc mc dæs km uc fspmjtn km ucf si situ tufj fjiú iúc c fh disd disdn n titimd mdpn pn ms qu qum m yf af fh fhjf jfcz czfk fkn n hf jfpfjikfk km kmsjmctrfrsm. Kurfct Kurf ctm m ms mstf tf mt mtfp fpf f hn hnss ci ciön önss timc timcmc mc ki ki`i`iju juhthtfk fkms ms pf pfrf rf pmcsfr mc dæs km uc fspmjtn km jufhquimr situfjiúc fh disd isdn timdpn< fkmdæs, tim imc cmc ki`ijuhtfkms pfrf kmsjmctrfrsm mc situfjincms snjifhms, f pmsfr qum yf smfc jfpfjms km rmfhizfrhn mc jnctmxtns cn snjifhms. Mh pmcs pmcsfd fdim imct ctn n y hf jndu jnduci cijf jfji jiúc úc km hn hnss ci ciön önss sn snc c täpijfdmctm mbnjéctrijns (ms kmjir, birf snorm sä disdns). Mbnjmctrisdn sm rm`imrm f hf km icjfpfjikfk kmh pmrsncf. ciön pfrf vmr  ucf situfjiúc kmskm mh puctn vistf km ntrf

Gumbn

Zmb÷c Zmb÷ c Uifb Uifbmt mt,, mh ci ciön ön mb mbnj njéc éctr trij ijn n fs fsud udm m qu qum m ntrf ntrfss pmrsncfs vmc, nymc y simctmc mxfjtfdmctm hn disdn qum éh vm, nym y simctm.  Fh icijifr mstf mtfpf f dmcukn sm nosmrvf qum hns ciöns  gumbfc mc pfrfhmhn. Ms kmjir qum f dmcukn gumbfc mc hf disdf afoitfjiúc qum ntrns ciöns, pmrn sic ictmrfjtufr, n smf, gumbfc guctn f ntrns ciöns dæs cn jnc mhhns. Jfkf ciön mstæ fosnrtn mc su prnpin duckn privfkn y mh afohf afo hf ms mbnjéc mbnjéctrij trijf. f. Ms kmj kmjir, ir, hf `uc `ucjiú jiúc c pricji pricjipfh pfh km kmhh afohf mc mstf mtfpf ms mxtmrcfhizfr mh pmcsfdimctn kmh ciön mc hubfr km jnducijfrsm jnc hns kmdæs. Afstf mh dndmctn, mh ciön cn af jndprmckikn hf `ucjiúc snjifh kmh hmcbufgm ci km hfs rmbhfs.

_mprmsmctfjiúc sidoúhijf

Mstf ms hf afoihikfk km rmfhizfr ucf fjjiúc ‚ ucf pfhforf n uc nogm nogmtn tn ‚ rm rmpr prms msmc mctf tfrr fh fhbn bn ki kist stic ictn tn km sä di disd sdn. n. Mh hmcbufgm ms quizæs hf `nrdf dæs novif km sidonhisdn qum dumstrfc hns ciöns pmqumöns. Zic mdofrbn, Uifbmt (69=6) snstimcm qum mh hmcbufgm cn `fjihitf `fjihi tf mh kmsf kmsfrrnhhn rrnhhn jnbcnsjitivn jnbcnsjitivn,, sicn qum sidph sidphmdmct mdmctm m rm`hmgf hniúc ciön jncnjm y tns. jnctriouym pnjn fkqu fk quis isij ijiú cqum kmmhcumv cu mvns nsyfjn jncn cnji jidi dimc mctn s. Éh jrmä jrmäf f qu qum mf hf mh

 

Gumbn sidoúhijn

kmsfrrnhhn jnbcitivn prndumvm mh kmsfrrnhhn kmh hmcbufgm, cn fh jnctrfrin. Hns ciöns f mstf mkfk f dmcukn prmtmckmc smr pmrsncfs qum cn snc (pnr mgmdphn, supmraérnms, uc ondomrn), y pumkmc rmprmsmctfr mstns rnhms jnc fpnyns qum sidonhizfc nogm no gmtn tnss km hf vikf vikf rmf rmfh.h. Hn Hnss ci ciön önss tfdo tfdoié iéc c pu pumk mkmc mc icvmctfrsm uc jndpfömrn km gumbns idfbicfrin. ‘Mc mh gumbn sidoúhijn, hns ciöns pmqumöns fvfczfc mc sus jncn jn cnji jidi dimc mctn tnss snor snorm m hf hfss pm pmrs rsnc ncfs fs,, hn hnss no nogm gmtn tnss y hf hfss fjjincms y jncstruymc fsä rmprmsmctfjincms jfkf vmz dæs sn`istijfkfs kmh duckn— (Onrcstmic, 6990, p.?9:).  F dmkikf qum hf mtfpf prm-npmrftivf sm kmsfrrnhhf mh mbnjmctrisdn kisdicuym y hns ciöns mdpimzfc f kis`rutfr  km hf pfrtijipfjiúc km ntrns ciöns mc sus gumbns y ‘kmgfc km `icbir— mh gumbn sm tnrcf dæs idpnrtfctm. Ufrf qum mstn `ucjincm, ms cmjmsfrin km fhb÷c dnkn qum sm rmbuhm hfs rmhfjincms km jfkf ciön jnc mh ntrn y km kijaf cmjmsikfk surbm hns nräbmcms km ucf nrimctfjiúc afjif hns

Fcidisdn

kmdæs Mstf msmchftérdicns jrmmcjifkmkmcnrdfs. qum hns nogmtns icfcidfkns tfhms jndn gub gubumtms u nogmtns pnsmmc smctid idim imc ctns m ictmcjincms audfcfs, mc ntrfs pfhforfs, pfrf mh ciön prmnpmrfjincfh km Uifbmt (69?9) mh fcidisdn sibci`ijf qum mh duckn cfturfh mstæ vivn, jncsjimctm y timcm uc prnpúsitn. Uifbmt ikmcti`ijú juftrn mtfpfs kmh fcidisdn7 



Afstf hf mkfk km ; f = föns, mh ciön jrmm qum jfsi tnkn mstæ vivn y timcm uc prnpúsitn. Kurfctm hf smbuckf mtfpf (=-2 föns) súhn fqumhhns nogmtns qum sm dumvmc pnsmmc uc prnpúsitn.



Mc hfsmsibuimctm (2-9mspnctæcmfdmctm föns), súhn hns nogmtns qum dumvmc mtfpf km `nrdf sm hms ftriouym qum mstæc vivns. Mc hf ÷htidf mtfpf (9-6? föns), mh ciön jndprmckm qum súhn hfs phfctfs y hns fcidfhms mstæc vivns. Mstf ms hf jrmmcjif km qum jimrtns fspmjtns kmh mctnrcn snc `forijfkns pnr pmrsncfs, pnr mgmdphn, cuoms mc mh jimhn. Mstf ms hf icjfpfjikfk km icvmrtir hf kirmjjincfhikfk km ucf smjumcjif km mvmctns f su puctn km pfrtikf. 

Frti`ijifhisdn Irrmvmrsioihikfk

?. Nosmrvfr vikmns vikmns ‘[mnräf ‘[mnräf km hf d dmctm. mctm. Mbnjmctris Mbnjmctrisdn dn ic`fctih—. Msjriom Msjriom ucf ormvm rm`hmxiúc snorm hn qum ms hf tmnräf km hf dmctm y mh mbnjmctrisdn ic`fctih, y júdn sm mxphijf mstf mc mh mxpmridmctn kmh vikmn.

 

Mh térdicn mbnjéctrijn sm fphijf f hf pmrsncf qum sm jncsikmrf mh jmctrn km tnkn, qum pimcsf qum ms duy idpnrtfctm y qum tnkn mh duckn sm af km prmnjupfr km éh. Umrsncf qum supncm smr mh jmctrn km tnkn y fsudm pnr tfctn fjtitukms km mxibmcjif y mbnäsdn. Dujafs vmjms jufckn cns rmhfjincfdns jnc ciöns, cns snrprmckm hn qum afjmc n kijmc. Zu jnckujtf pfrmjm jfprijansf n jurinsf. Mstn sm kmom f ucf jfrfjtmrästijf kmh pmcsfdimctn ic`fctih qum sm kmcndicf MBNJMC[_IZDN. Hf tmnräf km hf dmctm ms ucf mxprmsiúc usfkf mc `ihnsn`äf, psijnhnbäf y jimcjifs jnbcnsjitivfs y ntrfs jimcjifs audfcfs pfrf kmsibcfr hf jfpfjikfk km ftriouir  pmcsfdimctns m ictmcjincms f ntrfs pmrsncfs (y f vmjms mctikfkms). Fquä hf pfhforf tmnräf timcm pricjipfhdmctm hf fjmpjiúc km 'jncgmturf', n dmgnr f÷c, `fjuhtfk km fkvmrtir  Mh vikmn mxphijf qum hf tmnräf km hf dmctm pmrditm pncmrcns mc mh hubfr km hf dmctm kmh ntrn y mstn sm kmsfrrnhhf duy hmctn mc hf ic`fcjif. Zm dumstrf uc gumbn y jndn rmspnckmc hns ciöns fctm hf situfjiúc qum sm prmsmctf mc mh disdn, kfckn mctmckmr qum mc hns ciöns f hns : föns km mkfk mh jmrmorn cn jncsnhikf hf jfpfjikfk km pncmrsm mc mh hubfr kmh ntrn. Mstns cn pumkmc mctmckmr qum ntrfs pmrsncfs pumkfc tmcmr uc jncnjidimctn kistictn fh km mhhns. ]c jaijn km : föns jrmm qum hn qum éh pimcsf n sfom ms hn qum tnkn mh duckn pimcsf y sfom. Mxphijf qum mctrm hns : y hns = föns hf tmnräf km hf dmctm sm kmsfrrnhhf y dujan, y jnc mhhn jfdoifc hns guijins dnrfhms km hns jaijns< mdpftizfr, pnkmr  mctmckmr mh puctn km vistf km ntrf pmrsncf, si hfs fjjincms km fhbuimc `umrnc jnc oumcf n dfh ictmcjiúc, rmsuhtf dæs ki`äjih pfrf hns pmqumöns.