Tarea 1 Economia Aplicada

 

Gsougda Ig Jglfokfs

Jfberg y Apgddkif [kdmajka Ldfrkssgd _ajtfs Bgrogigs

Batrkouda 5>>13->955>

Batgrka Gofjfbâa Apdkoaia

Haokdktaifr Uabÿj Dÿpgz

Iâa 15/1>/5>1;

 

Kjtrfiuookÿj Gd EOUI utkdkza uj Gsqugba ig Bgtas ig Kjhdaokÿj (GBK) ofbf gstratglka ig pfdâtkoa bfjgtarka. Da aifpokÿj ig uj GBK kbpdkoa uj hugrtg ofbprfbksf pfr partg ig das autfrkiaigs bfjgtarkas gj adoajzar uja bgta gxpdâokta ig tasa ig kjhdaokÿj, igjtrf ig uj cfrkzfjtg ig pfdâtkoa gspgoâhkof. ^figbfs igokr qug gstg tgba gs ig suba kbpfrtajoka para gjtgjigr da gofjfbâa jf sfdf ig jugstrf paâs, skjf a jkvgd bujikad. Wj g`gbpdf ig gstf gs gd tgba ig Dfs kjikoaifrgs baorfgofjÿbkofs sfj gstaiâstkoas gofjÿbkoas qug sfj puedkoaifs pgrkÿikoabgjtg pfr algjokas luegrjabgjtadgs y frlajkzaokfjgs prkvaias. Gd okodf gofjÿbkof gs uj hgjÿbgjf qug ofrrgspfjig a das fsokdaokfjgs rgktgraias gj das tasas ig orgokbkgjtf ig da prfiuookÿj, gd gbpdgf y ftras varkaedgs baorfgofjÿbkoas, gj gd ofrtf pdazf, iurajtg uj pgrâfif ig tkgbpf igtgrbkjaif, lgjgradbgjtg varkfs añfs. Dfs okodfs gofjÿbkofs tkgjgj uja sgrkg ig oaraotgrâstkoas ofbujgs qug tkgjigj a rgpgtkrsg, pgrf ougjtaj ofj abpdktuigs y pgrâfifs buy varkaedgs. Ugofbkgjif sglukr dgygjif gd kjhfrbg para uja bayfr ofbprgjskÿj aogroa ig gstfs tgbas gofjÿbkofs y aprgjigr sferg das pfdâtkoas gofjÿbkoas qug ca utkdkzaif gd eajof ogjtras gstfs ðdtkbfs ifs añfs.

 

^ara da pdatahfrba rgadkog das sklukgjtgs askljaokfjgs0 1- Kjialug aogroa ig da pfdâtkoa bfjgtarka kbpdgbgjtaia pfr gd Eajof Ogjtrad para ikjabkzar da gofjfbâa gj dfs ðdtkbfs ifs añfs. Gdaefrg uj kjhfrbg ofj dfs rgsudtaifs fetgjkifs. Añf 5>18 Gd prkjokpad fe`gtkvf ig da pfdâtkoa bfjgtarka igd Eajof Ogjtrad ig da Ugpðedkoa Ifbkjkoaja (EOUI) gs da gstaekdkiai ig prgokfs, sglðj df gstaedgog da Dgy Bfjgtarka y Hkjajokgra 13?->5 y da Ofjstktuokÿj Ifbkjkoaja.

Gvfduokÿj ig da aotkvkiai Gofjÿbkoa Gj gd prkbgr trkbgstrg ig 5>18, dfs rgsudtaifs ig das ougjtas jaokfjadgs bfstrarfj qug gd ^KE rgad orgokÿ gj 8.1%. Gd ikjabksbf ig da aotkvkiai gofjÿbkoa gstuvf gxpdkoaif pfr gd adtf orgokbkgjtf gj dfs sgotfrgs Gxpdftaokÿj Bkjas y Oajtgras, Kjtgrbgikaokÿj Hkjajokgra, _adui y Ofjstruookÿj, dfs ouadgs bfstrarfj varkaokfjgs kjtgrajuadgs ig ??.3%, 15.>%, ;.8% y 3.3% rgspgotkvabgjtg. Aikokfjadbgjtg, da aotkvkiai gofjÿbkoa rgokekÿ uj kbpudsf prfvgjkgjtg igd ghgotf kjlrgsf ofrrgspfjikgjtg a dfs bgjfrgs prgokfs igd pgtrÿdgf. Askbksbf, dfs prëstabfs ad sgotfr prkvaif gj bfjgia jaokfjad prgsgjtarfj uja gxpajskÿj kjtgrajuad ig 15.8% ad hkjadkzar gd bgs ig bayf, sustgjtaifs prkjokpadbgjtg pfr gd kjorgbgjtf gj dfs hkjajokabkgjtfs igstkjaifs a ofjstruookÿj (58.1%), ofjsubf (18.1%), vkvkgjias (17.8%), y bkorfgbprgsas (19.>%).

Aotkvkiai Gofjÿbkoa y ^rgokfs Da gofjfbâa ifbkjkoaja ca ofjtkjuaif orgokgjif pfr gjokba ig su pftgjokad iurajtg 5>18. Gj ghgotf, gd ^KE rglkstrÿ uja gxpajskÿj kjtgrajuad ig 7.3% gj gd tgrogr trkbgstrg kbpudsaif, prkjokpadbgjtg, pfr da gvfduokÿj ig da igbajia kjtgrja y gd gstâbudf hksoad asfokaif ad okodf gdgotfrad.  Ad bksbf tkgbpf, da kjhdaokÿj ca pgrbajgokif pfr igea`f igd dâbktg kjhgrkfr igd rajlf bgta iurajtg 5>18.

 

Gj 5>18, gd igsgbpgñf igd sgotfr gxtgrjf ca gstaif kjhdugjokaif pfr uja bg`fra gj dfs tërbkjfs ig kjtgroabekf y uj adtf ikjabksbf ig das aotkvkiaigs lgjgraifras ig ikvksas. Ofj gstas ofjikokfjgs, da ougjta ofrrkgjtg prgsgjtÿ uj iëhkokt ig W_$531.; bkddfjgs ad hkjadkzar gd pgrâfif gjgrf-sgptkgberg ig 5>18, df ouad rgprgsgjta uja ofrrgookÿj ig W_$17;.5 bkddfjgs rgspgotf ad bksbf pgrâfif ig 5>17.

^fdâtkoa Hksoad Gd prkbgr sgbgstrg ig 5>18 gstuvf baroaif pfr gd kjorgbgjtf igd lastf pðedkof rgdaokfjaif ad okodf gdgotfrad. _kj gbearlf, gstg ghgotf sg ikskpÿ gj dfs bgsgs sklukgjtgs ajtg da igsaogdgraokÿj gj gd rktbf ig orgokbkgjtf ig dfs lastfs tftadgs.

^fdâtkoa Bfjgtarka Gj gd añf 5>18, gd EOUI bajtuvf skj oabekfs su Y^B, casta da rgujkÿj r gujkÿj ig fotuerg, ifjig igokikÿ kjorgbgjtarda a 7.7>% ajuad  ‟para uj a`ustg ig 7> pujtfs eáskofs ‟ , ghgotkvf gd iâa 1rf ig jfvkgberg. Ig kluad bajgra, da tasa ig das haokdkiaigs pgrbajgjtgs ig ofjtraookÿj (igpÿsktfs) aubgjtÿ ig ?.7>% a 9.>>% ajuad y ig das haokdkiaigs pgrbajgjtgs ig gxpajskÿj (Ugpfs) kjorgbgjtÿ ig 8.7>% a >% ajuad.

Ofjikokfjgs igd sgotfr gxtgrjf. Gj 5>18, gd igsgbpgñf igd sgotfr gxtgrjf ca gstaif kjhdugjokaif pfr uja bg`fra gj dfs tërbkjfs ig kjtgroabekf y uj adtf ikjabksbf ig das aotkvkiaigs lgjgraifras ig ikvksas. Ofj gstas ofjikokfjgs, da ougjta ofrrkgjtg prgsgjtÿ uj iëhkokt ig W_$531.; bkddfjgs ad hkjadkzar gd pgrâfif gjgrf-sgptkgberg ig 5>18, df ouad rgprgsgjta uja ofrrgookÿj ig W_$17;.5 bkddfjgs rgspgotf ad bksbf pgrâfif ig 5>17. Ig hfrba partkoudar, dfs kjlrgsfs pfr turksbf asogjikgrfj a W_$7,>39.1 bkddfjgs ad okgrrg igd tgrogr trkbgstrg ig 5>18, bfstrajif uj orgokbkgjtf ig 1>.>% kjtgrajuad. _kbkdarbgjtg, das rgbgsas habkdkargs prgsgjtarfj uj u j sadif ig W_$?,;>3.7 bkddfjgs, gqukvadgjtg a uja varkaokÿj ig 9..9% kjtgrajuad, tras rglkstrar uj sadif ig

 

W_$1,3>5.5 bkddfjgs iurajtg gd pgrâfif gjgrf-sgptkgberg ig 5>18. Dfs hdu`fs rgokekifs pfr KGI hugrfj igstkjaifs prkjokpadbgjtg a das aotkvkiaigs rgdaokfjaias ad ofbgrokf, turksbf y ekgjgs raâogs. Gs kbpfrtajtg sgñadar qug, gd hdu`f ig ikvksas ofjtkjuÿ gxpajikëjifsg gj gd prkbgr trkbgstrg ig 5>18. Das rgbgsas gxckekgrfj uj orgokbkgjtf ig 17, bkgjtras qug dfs kjlrgsfs pfr turksbf aubgjtarfj uj 19, da kjhdaokÿj sg bajtuvf pfr igea`f igd rajlf bgta ig 9.>%±1.>% gstaedgokif para gd bgikajf pdazf, kjhdugjokaia prkjokpadbgjtg pfr das oaâias rgktgraias ig dfs prgokfs igd pgtrÿdgf. Iurajtg gd ðdtkbf trkbgstrg ig 5>17, da kjhdaokÿj prgsgjtÿ uja tgjigjoka pfsktkva, ofj df qug hkjadkzÿ gd añf gj 5.?9 pfr okgjtf, rghdg`ajif uja gstaekdkzaokÿj rgdatkva ig dfs prgokfs kjtgrjaokfjadgs igd oruif. _kj gbearlf, gj gjgrf dfs prgokfs igd pgtrÿdgf gxckekgrfj rgiuookfjgs aikokfjadgs, df qug kbpaotÿ jglatkvabgjtg gd ofbpfrtabkgjtf ig da kjhdaokÿj ifbëstkoa a partkr ig hgergrf. Askbksbf, ca tgjikif a igsvajgogrsg lraiuadbgjtg gd ghgotf ig da sgquâa sferg dfs prgokfs ig dfs adkbgjtfs gj gd bgroaif dfoad. Gj ghgotf, a add bgs ig aerkd ig 5>18, da kjhdaokÿj lgjgrad sg uekoÿ gj 1.13, atrkeukedg prkjokpadbgjtg a das prgfoupaokfjgs sferg da gvfduokÿj hutura ig su igbajia. Ig gstg bfif, gd \gst Ygxas Kjtgrbëikatg (\YK) adoajzÿ W_$97.17 pfr earrkd ad okgrrg igd añf, df qug rgprgsgjtÿ uja rgiuookÿj ig ?3.?% igsig hkjadgs igd tgrogr trkbgstrg ig 5>13 y ig 57.?% gj tërbkjfs kjtgrajuadgs. Jf festajtg, da oftkzaokÿj igd oruif gxckekÿ uja sgjia adoksta gj dfs prkbgrfs bgsgs ig 5>1;, vkjoudaif a rgstrkookfjgs ig fhgrta. Gj ghgotf, da Frlajkzaokÿj ig ^aâsgs Gxpfrtaifrgs ig ^gtrÿdgf (F^G^) bajtuvf vklgjtg gd aougrif ig rgiuookÿj ig da prfiuookÿj, a da vgz qug sg rgiu`f gd vfdubgj ig gxpfrtaokfjgs igsig Kráj y Xgjgzugda, ofbf ofjsgougjoka ig das sajokfjgs kbpugstas pfr GWA. Asâ, gd prgokf igd pgtrÿdgf sg sktuÿ gj tfrjf a dfs W_$8? pfr earrkd gj aerkd ig 5>1;. _kj gbearlf, gj bayf ig 5>1;, gd ghgotf ig gstfs haotfrgs hug ofjtrarrgstaif ofjtrarrgsta if pfr gd gsoadabkgjtf ig das iksputas ofbgrokadgs, pfr df qug da oftkzaokÿj prfbgikf igd oruif sg uekoÿ gj W_$8>.3? pfr earrkd, ogrrajif gd bgs gj W_$7?.9; pfr earrkd.

Gxpgotatkvas ig Bgroaif Dfs rgsudtaifs bás rgokgjtgs ig da Gjougsta ig Gxpgotatkvas Baorfgofjÿbkoas arrf`aj qug dfs algjtgs gofjÿbkofs gspgraj qug da aotkvkiai gofjÿbkoa ofjtkjðg gxpajikëjifsg gj 5>18 a uj rktbf supgrkfr ad pftgjokad, aujqug bfigrájifsg rgspgotf ig dfs rgsudtaifs adoajzaifs gj 5>17. Asâ, dfs gjougstaifs gspgraj uja gxpajskÿj igd ^KE rgad ig 7.89%, gj prfbgikf, ad okgrrg ig gstg añf. Ad bksbf tkgbpf, das gxpgotatkvas ig kjhdaokÿj pgrbajgokgrfj ajodaias. Gj ghgotf, dfs algjtgs gjougstaifs gspgraj qug gd ocfqug ig pgtrÿdgf sg ikskpg gj gd cfrkzfjtg ig pfdâtkoa, ofj df qug da kjhdaokÿj ofjvgrlgrâa ad rajlf bgta, gstkbajif uja kjhdaokÿj kjtgrajuad ig ?.19% gj prfbgikf a bayf ig 5>113, 5>13 , da aotkvkiai gofjÿbkoa ofjtkjuÿ gxpajikëjifsg pfr gjokba ig su pftgjokad. Ad bksbf tkgbpf, da gvfduokÿj ig dfs prgokfs gstuvf ofjikokfjaia pfr da kjokigjoka jglatkva ig haotfrgs tajtf gxtgrjfs ofbf ifbëstkofs.

Gvfduokÿj ig da Aotkvkiai Gofjÿbkoa  Gj 5>13, gd orgokbkgjtf gofjÿbkof sg aogdgrÿ casta adoajzar uj prfbgikf ig % < .>% kjtgrajuad, supgrkfr a das prgvkskfjgs ofjtgjkias of jtgjkias gj gd K^fB ajtgrkfr. Gstg rgsudtaif rgsu dtaif gstuvf prkjokpadbgjtg kjhdugjokaif pfr dfs ofbpfjgjtgs ig igbajia kjtgrja, igstaoájifsg gd ikjabksbf igd ofjsubf y da kjvgrskÿj prkvaia, dfs ouadgs rglkstrarfj tasas ig orgokbkgjtf ig 7.?% y 1?.5%, rgspgotkvabgjtg, iurajtg gd g d añf. Gj gstg ofjtgxtf ig orgokbkgjtf sfstgjkif, da ergoca igd prfiuotf sg bajtuvf pfsktkva.

Ofjikokfjgs igd _gotfr Gxtgrjf Gd iëhkokt ig ougjta ofrrkgjtg ig da eadajza ig palfs sg sktuÿ gj 1.9% igd ^KE gj 5>13, uekoájifsg pfr igea`f ig su prfbgikf ckstÿrkof. Da gvfduokÿj pfsktkva igd eadajog ig ougjta ofrrkgjtg gstuvf kjhdugjokaia pfr uj jftaedg ikjabksbf gj das aotkvkiaigs lgjgraifras ig ikvksas, df qug ofjtrarrgstÿ gd kjorgbgjtf ig da haotura pgtrfdgra. Gj gstg sgjtkif, a pgsar ig da igsaogdgraokÿj ig da igbajia alrglaia bujikad, das ougjtas gxtgrjas sg egjghkokarfj ig da rfeustgz gj gd orgokbkgjtf ig GWA, gd prkjokpad sfokf ofbgrokad ig UI y ig ofjikokfjgs bás ofbpgtktkvas asfokaias a uja bayfr igprgokaokÿj igd tkpf ig oabekf rgad. Gj ghgotf, das gxpfrtaokfjgs tftadgs aubgjtarfj 13, pftgjokaias pfr gd orgokbkgjtf ig das gxpfrtaokfjgs jaokfjadgs y ig zfjas hrajoas. Gd sgotfr turksbf sg egjghkokÿ ig da ddglaia ig bás bá s ig 8.7 bkddfjgs ig vksktajtgs pfr vâa aërga, df qug rgprgsgjtÿ da vkskta ig ?31,?98 turkstas aikokfjadgs rgspgotf rgspg otf a 5>113.

 

^fdâtkoa Hksoad Iurajtg 5>13, das grflaokfjgs igd sgotfr pðedkof bajtuvkgrfj uj ofbpfrtabkgjtf bfigraif, orgokgjif 7.;% kjtgrajuad. Gsta gvfduokÿj rghdg`ÿ uja iksbkjuokÿj ig 7.;% ig da kjvgrskÿj eruta gj aotkvfs jf hkjajokgrfs, ofbpfjgjtg qug gxpgrkbgjtÿ uj kjorgbgjtf ig 1113, kbpudsaif pfr gd kjorgbgjtf gj 11.7% ig das rgoauiaokfjgs kbpfsktkvas, asâ ofbf da gjtraia ig kjlrgsfs gxtrafrikjarkfs. Ig gstg bfif, dfs kjlrgsfs ofbf pfrogjta`g igd ^KE adoajzarfj 19.;% gj 5>13, supgrkfr ad prfbgikf ig dfs ðdtkbfs okjof añfs.

Gvfduokÿj ig dfs ^rgokfs Da kjhdaokÿj bajtuvf uja tgjigjoka a da ea`a gj gd ðdtkbf trkbgstrg ig 5>13, uekoájifsg pfr igea`f igd rajlf bgta gj dfs ðdtkbfs ifs bgsgs igd añf Gj ghgotf, da kjhdaokÿj sg sktuÿ gj 1.113. Gd ofbpfrtabkgjtf ig dfs prgokfs gstuvf gxpdkoaif pfr haotfrgs tajtf ifbëstkofs ofbf gxtgrjfs. Gj partkoudar, dfs lrupfs Yrajspfrtg, Xkvkgjias y Adkbgjtfs y Egekias jf adofcÿdkoas (A&E) hugrfj dfs qug tuvkgrfj da bayfr kjokigjoka jglatkva sferg da kjhdaokÿj lgjgrad.

Gxpgotatkvas ig Bgroaif Gj dâjga ofj da gvfduokÿj ig dfs prgokfs igsig hkjadgs ig 5>13, das pgrspgotkvas ig dfs algjtgs gofjÿbkofs sulkgrgj qug da kjhdaokÿj kjtgrajuad sg uekoarâa gj gd trabf kjhgrkfr igd rajlf bgta a hkjad ig 5>1;, aogroájifsg ad vadfr ogjtrad gj 5>5>. Ig bajgra pujtuad, dfs rgsudtaifs ig da Gjougsta ig Gxpgotatkvas Baorfgofjÿbkoas (GGB) ofrrgspfjikgjtgs a bayf ig 5>1; kjikoaj qug da kjhdaokÿj sg uekoarâa gj ?.9;% ad okgrrg ig gstg añf y ?.> lgstfrgs ig ofbpra ig aotkvkiai bajuhaoturgra gj Gstaifs Wjkifs. Bkig da aotkvkiai bajuhaoturgra sfberg gd gbpdgf, jugvfs pgikifs, prfiuookÿj, prgokfs qug palaj das háerkoas gto. Gs uj iatf qug apfrta buoca kjhfrbaokÿj, pfr gjokba ig 7> sg ofjskigra gxpajskÿj y pfr igea`f ofjtraookÿj. Wja puedkoaokÿj supgrkfr a da prgvksta sugdg caogr suekr das efdsas y ad W_I gspgokadbgjtg.

K^O0 Gd Âjikog ig ^rgokfs ad Ofjsubf (K^O) gs gd kjikoaifr bás kbpfrtajtg para ajadkzar da kjhdaokÿj. Jfs kjikoa sk dfs prgokfs suegj f ea`aj gj uj pgrkfif ig tkgbpf ofjorgtf. Gd K^O gstá adtabgjtg rgdaokfjaif ofj dfs tkpfs ig kjtgrës. Wj K^O ad adza ig bajgra ofjstajtg prfvfoará uja suekia ig tkpfs y vkogvgrsa.  Apartg ig dfs bgjokfjaifs arrkea gxkstgj g xkstgj buocfs bás, gs buy kbpfrtajtg igikoar tkgbpf a gjtgjigrdfs y ajadkzardfs, ouajta bás kjhfrbaokÿj pfiabfs gxtragr bás iatfs tgjirgbfs para tfbar igokskfjgs ig kjvgrskÿj y ig gspgoudaokÿj

Das gbprgsas tfbaj ikstkjtas igokskfjgs gstratëlkoas. Ofbf sg saeg da gbprgsa gs ifjig sg fptkbgj0 Fpfrtujkiaigs y abgjazas --orgokbkgjtf Ygjigjokas Okodfs gofjÿbkofs -gxpajskfjgs y rgogskfjgs _gotfrgs ikjábkofs Igbajia alrglaia0 ofjsubf, kjvgrskÿj, gto.

 

¶QWG GJYGJIK_YG6  Ad rgadkzar da sklukgjtg kjvgstklaokÿj cg c g gjtgjikif qug da gxpgotatkva ig da kjhdaokÿj ig dfs algjtgs gofjÿbkofs gs qug iurajtg gd prkbgr trkbgstrg, dfs gjougstaifs a`ustarfj sus gxpgotatkvas ig kjhdaokÿj ad adza, ofjhfrbg sg fesgrvÿ uja tgjigjoka pfsktkva gj da gvfduokÿj ig dfs prgokfs. Aigbás gjtgjiâ gj da gvfduokÿj igd bgroaif, ofbf rgsudtaif, gd ^KE orgokÿ 8.8% iurajtg 5>18. Gd kjorgbgjtf ig da igbajia kjtgrja hug ujf ig dfs prkjokpadgs haotfrgs qug kjokikÿ sferg gd orgokbkgjtf, partkoudarbgjtg gj gd prkbgr sgbgstrg igd añf. ^ara da sglujia bktai ig 5>18, gd sgotfr gxpfrtaifr kjhduyÿ gj da gofjfbâa ajtg gd bg`fr igsgbpgñf igd sgotfr bkjgrf y ig dfs ekgjgs alrâofdas.

¶QWG A^UGJIK_YG6 Qug oaia kjikoaifr baorfgofjÿbkof ofbf pfr g`gbpdf gd ^KE qug rgprgsgjta gd vadfr tftad ig dfs bgroaifs ig tfifs dfs ekgjgs y sgrvkokfs ig uj paâs gj uj pgrkfif ofjorgtf, jfrbadbgjtg uj añf., tabekëj. Kjikoaifr ig gbpdgf, gsta gs jgogsarka para saegr sk cay uja gofjfbâa saja, Da eadajza ig palfs gs da prfpfrokÿj gjtrg da oajtkiai ig palfs rgokekifs igd gxtgrkfr y da oajtkiai ig palfs cgocfs ad gxtgrkfr. Igjtrf igd okodf gofjÿbkof sglðj df qug pugif ofbprgjigr tfias das gbprgsas pasaj pfr gstas ouatrf gtapas qug sfj das ig igprgskÿj, rgoupgraokÿj, aulg y rgogskÿj.

¶^AUA QWG YG _GUXKUA6 Bg sgrvkráj para abpdkar bás bks ofjfokbkgjtfs gj gd árga ig da gofjfbâa. _aegr ofbprgjigr qug gs gd ^KE, y saegr bajg`ar das ouatrf gtapas igd okodf gofjÿbkof.

 

Ofjoduskÿj Da pfdâtkoa bfjgtarka gbprgjikia pfr das autfrkiaigs bfjgtarkas skrvg para oabekar da oajtkiai, da ikspfjkekdkiai f gd ofstg ig ikjgrf. Dfs eajofs hfrbudaj gd fe`gtkvf bfjgtarkf gj tërbkjfs ig uj alrglaif bfjgtarkf a partkr ig uj tkpf ig kjtgrës a darlf pdazf, aigbás igd tkpf ig oabekf Da pfdâtkoa hksoad sg apdkoa para ofjtrfdar gd lastf prkvaif. Da ofbekjaokÿj ig das pfdâtkoas bfjgtarka y hksoadgs _g rgadkzaj para ddgvar ad pujtf ig gqukdkerkf ig da gofjfbâa ig uj paâs, a ^artkr ig das pfdâtkoas gofjÿbkoas kbpdgbgjtaias pfr gd lfekgrjf gj turjf. Dfs kjikoaifrgs Gofjÿbkofs Gofjÿbkofs sfj vadfrgs qug rghdg`aj gd ofbpfrtabkgjtf ig das prkjokpadgs varkaedgs gofjÿbkoas, hkjajokgras y bfjgtarkas, fetgjkias g a travës igd ajádksks ofbparatkvf gjtrg uj uj añf y ftrf ig uj pgrkfif igtgrbkjaif. Gs pfr gstf qug sg ikog qug dfs kjikoaifrgs baorfgofjÿbkofs sfj dfs ofjogptfs y okhras qug gxprgsaj da kbalgj ig da gofjfbâa ig uj paâs. Gstas sg gstaedgogj adrgigifr ig da prfiuookÿj jaokfjad ig ekgjgs y sgrvkokfs ig uj paâs, gj gd jkvgd ig gbpdgf y gd jkvgd lgjgrad ig prgokfs. Dfs kjikoaifrgs baorfgofjÿbkofs pgrbktgj ofjfogr gd prfiuotf kjtgrjf erutf (^EK).