Tarea - 1 - 3er Dep - Bello - Pérez - Ximena - 5503

 

Xndklcôiadl hn Nstuhals Tupnralrns hn Ndjtnpnd Havasaôk hn Akinkanrïj nk Tastnojs Dloputjdalkjc Dloputjdalkjcns ns

CNKI^JFNT Q J^XÔOJXJT A Urlgnslr6 Ttnak Djrraccl Fujk Ojkunc XJRNJ :6 JKÊCATAT CÁ]ADL

Bnccl Uárnz ]aonkj Irupl6 >>54 2: hn fukal hn 252:.

 

DLKXNKAHL ........................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .......................4 .........4 AKXRLH^DDAÔK ............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..........................8 ............8 HNTJRRLCCL .............. ............................ ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................... ............. 8 DJUÏX^CL 4............. .....................................................................................8

4.: Cj gukdaôk hnc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl ............................ ............................. .............................. .................................................... ..................................... 7 4.2 ^sl hn bögnr nk cj nktrjhj .............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................. ................... 9 4.4 Nspndagadjdaôk hn cls tl`nks.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ...................................:5 ....................:5 4.8 Rndlkldaoanktl hn tl`nks............... ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ...................................:8 ....................:8 DLKDC^TALKNT ..............

BABCALIRJGÏJ ............. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ....................... ......... :8

 

AKXRLH^DDAÔK Nc Jkêcasas Cáxadl ns cj praonrj gjsn hn uk dlopacjhlr dlopacjhlr y dlksas dlksastn tn nk uk prlirjoj qun qu n rnd rndab abn n dl dlol ol nkt nktrjh rjhj j nc dô dôha hail il gu gunk nktn tn hn ltrl ltrl pr prlir lirjo joj j (s (snd ndunk unkda daj j hn djrjdtnrns) y prlhudn ukj sjcahj dlopunstj hn tl`nks (dloplknktns cáxadls) l sïob sï oblc lcls. ls. Tu pr prak akda dapjc pjc gu gukd kdaô aôk k dl dlks ksas astn tn nk cn cnnr nr cl clss djr djrjdt jdtnr nrns ns hn nk nktr trjhj jhj y nc ncjb jblr lrjr jr dl dlol ol sj sjcacahj hj uk ukj j sndunk sndncunkda daj j hn dl dlop oplk lknk nktn tnss cá cáxa xadls dls qun qun utac utacaz azj j nc jkjcazjhlr saktêdtadl pjrj mjdnr jkêcasas

 

HNTJRRLCCL

DJUÏX^CL 4 JKÊCATAT CÁ]ADL Ujrj mjdnr usl hn uk jkjcazjhlr cáxadl mndml j ojkl, praonrl ns aoplrtjktn akadajr dlk uk hajirjoj l jciök ltrj hnsdrapdaôk hn cls cnxnojs hn djhj tl`nk, jsï plhnols nsdrabar  dôhail pjrj ahnktagadjr djhj ldurrnkdaj hn djhj cnxnoj nk cj nktrjhj y jsï hnvlcvnr  akglrojdaôk jdnrdj hnc tl`nk ahnktagadjhl. Hn aiujc ojknrj plhnols mjdnr usl hn uk jkjcazjhlr cáxadl pnrl nk glroj jutloêtadj, nspndagadjkhl cls pjtrlkns hn cnxnojs jc inknrjhlr hn jkjcazjhlrns cáxadls, y dlopacjkhl cls pjtrlkns nk glroj hn dôhail pjrj qun mjij su trjbjfl dlol uk jkjcazjhlr cáxadl, usjkhl ns oátlhl gjdacatjols nc olonktl hn olhagadjr nc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl, yj qun sôcl rnnsdrabaols cls pjtrlkns jgndtjhls nk cuijr  hn tlhl nc prlirjoj dlopcntl.

4.: Cj gukdaôk hnc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl Cj praonr gjsn hn uk dlopacjhlr dlksastn nk qun cj prakdapjc tjrnj hnc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl cnnrê cls djrjdtnrns hn cj nktrjhj hnc prlirjoj gunktn plstnralronktn cls jirupjrê nk cnxnojs y gakjconktn prlhudarê ukj sjcahj quá snrê ukj sndunkdaj hn tl`nks pjrj djhj cnxnoj nk nc prlirjoj gunktn. Nc gcufl hn tl`nks ns nkvajhl jc jkjcazjhlr saktêdtadl pjrj su jkêcasas aoplrtjktn hndar qun grndun grn dunktn ktnonk onktn tn nc jkj jkjcaz cazjhl jhlrr cáx cáxadl adl akt aktnrjd nrjdtöj töj tjo tjobaá baák k dlk ukj tjb tjbcj cj hn sïo sïoblc blcls. ls. Dujkhl nc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl hnsdubrn uk cnxnoj qun dlkstatuyn j uk ahnktagadjhlr hnbn aktrlh akt rlhuda udarr nsn cnxno cnxnoj j hnk hnktrl trl hn cj tjb tjbcj cj hn sïo sïoblc blcls ls nk jciukl jciukls. s. Nk ldj ldjsal salkns kns nc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl punhn cnnr cj akglrojdaôk rncjdalkjhj dlk nc tapl hn akglrojdaôk hn cj tjbcj hn sïoblcls dlol pjrtn hn jyuhjr j hntnroakjr nc tl`nk jprlpajhl qun pjsjrê jc jkjcazjhlr saktêdtadl.

Tjbnols qun nc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl ns pjrtn hnc dlopacjhlr qun cnn nc tnxtl jpjrtn hn ahnktagadjr cnxnojs, tjobaák hnbn rnjcazjr ltrjs tjrnjs, ltrj hn nsjs tjrnjs ns ncaoakjr  dlonktjrals. Q cls nspjdals nk bcjkdls dlol punhn snr djrjdtnrns hn nspjdal tjbucjhlr  y tjc vnz ltrls djrjdtnrns qun sn utacazjk pjrj snpjrjr cls tl`nks. Ltrj hn cjs tjrnjs y ns dlrrncjdalkjr cls onksjfns hn nrrlr qun slk inknrjhls plr nc dlopacjhlr dlk nc prlirjoj gunktn.

4.:.: Dlopjrjdaôk nktrn jkêcasas cáxadl y jkêcasas saktêdtadl

 

Mjy oudmjs rjzlkns plr cjs qun dujcns jkêcasas hn uk dlopacjhlr sn snpjrj nk gjsns hn jkêcasas cáxadl y jkêcasas saktêdtadl (pjrsaki). Cj snkdaccnz nk nc hasnúl ns oês aoplrtjktn6 Cj snpjrjdaôk hnc jkêcasas cáxadl y nc jkêcasas saktêdtadl j onkuhl kls pnroatn saopcagadjr plr cl onkls ukj hn nstjs tjrnjs. Onflrjr cj ngadankdaj hnc dlopacjhlr 6 ^k jkjcazjhlr cáxadl snpjrjhl kls pnroatn jpcadjr tádkadjs nspndajcazjhjs qun sarvnk sôcl pjrj cj tjrnj cáxadj, kl pjrj nc 

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trjbjfl saktêdtadl. Onflrjrhnc cjjkêcasas plrtjbacahjh hnc dlopacjhlr6  Cjs pnducajrahjhns nspndïgadjs hn cls hasplsatavls hn nktrjhj punhnk rnstrakiarsn jc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl.

4.:.2 Xl`nks, pjtrlkns y cnxnojs  Jc rngnrarkls jc jkêcasas cáxadl, sn sn usjk trns tároakls hast hastaktls6 aktls6 ^k tl`nk ns uk pjr qun dlksastn nk uk klobrn hn tl`nk y uk vjclr hn jtrabutl lpdalkjc. Dlk grndunkdaj kls rngnrarnols j uk tl`nk plr su klobrn. ^k pjtrôk ns ukj hnsdrapdaôk hn cj glroj qun punhnk tlojr cls cnxnojs hn uk tl`nk. Nk nc djsl hn ukj pjcjbrj dcjvn dlol tl`nk, nc pjtrôk ns sôcl cj sndunkdaj hn djrjdtnrns qun glrojk cj pjcjbrj dcjvn. ^k cnxnoj ns ukj sndunkda sndunkdaj j hn djrjd djrjdtnrns tnrns nk nc prlirjoj gunktn, qun dlakdahnk dlk nc pjtrôk pjrj uk tl`nk y qun nc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl ahnktagadj dlol ukj akstjkdaj hn nsn tl`nk. 

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4.:.4 Jtrabutls pjrj cls tl`nks  Jc mjbcjr hn qun oês hn uk cnxnoj punhn dlakdahar dlk uk pjtrôk, nc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl hnbn prlplrdalkjr j cjs subsaiuanktns gjsns hnc dlopacjhlr akglrojdaôk jhadalkjc slbrn nc cnxnoj nspndïgadl qun dlakdahaô. Ulr nkhn, nk oudmls djsls nc jkjcazjhlr cáxadl hnvuncvn jc jkjcazjhlr saktêdtadl kl sôcl nc klobrn hn uk tl`nk, sakl uk vjclr hn jtrabutl qun hnsd hnsdra rabn bn jc cnxn cnxnoj oj qu qun n rn rnprn prnsn snkt ktj j nsn nsn tl tl`n `nk0 k0 nc klob klobrn rn hn hncc tl tl`n `nk k ak akgcgcuy uyn n nk cj cjss hndasalkns hnc jkêcasas saktêdtadl, oanktrjs qun nc vjclr hnc jtrabutl akgcuyn nk cj trjhuddaôk hn cls tl`nks hnspuás hnc jkêcasas saktêdtadl. Nc nfnopcl oês aoplrtjktn ns nc tl`nk ah, nk hlkhn hnbnols jsldajr dlk nc tl`nk ukj irjk djktahjh hn akglrojdaôk. Ulr cl inknrjc, cj akglrojdaôk slbrn uk ahnktagadjhlr sn ojktankn nk cj tjbcj hn sïoblcls. 4.:.8 Nrrlrns cáxadls Ns kndnsjral dlktjr dlk tlhls cls dloplknktns, yj qun hn cl dlktrjral pjrj uk jkjcazjhlr  cáxadl cn snrê bjstjktn hagïdac sjbnr qun mjy uk nrrlr hnktrl hnc dôhail gunktn.

 

^kj ns ^kj nstr trjt jtni niaj aj hn dlrr dlrrnd ndda daôk ôk oê oêss in inkn knrj rjcc ns nk nkdl dlkt ktrj rjrr nc onkl onklrr kö köon onrl rl hn trjksglrojdalkns kndnsjrajs pjrj dlkvnrtar nc prlirjoj gunktn nk ukl qun dlksastj sôcl hn cnxnojs vêcahls, pnrl nstn oátlhl sn dlksahnrj hnojsajhl dlstlsl nk cj prêdtadj dlol pjrj qun vjcij cj pnkj rnjcazjrcl.  Jciukjs plsabcns jddalkns hn rndupnrjdaôk hn nrrlrns slk6 slk6 :. 2. 4. 8.

Nca Ncaoak oakjr jr uk dj djrêd rêdtnr tnr hn hncc rns rnstl tl hn cj n nktr ktrjhj jhj.. Aksn Aksnrtjr rtjr u uk k djrêd djrêdtnr tnr gj gjctjkt ctjktn n nk nc rnstl hn cj n nktrjhj ktrjhj.. Tus Tustat tatuar uar uk ddjrê jrêdtn dtnrr pl plrr lt ltrl. rl. Xrj Xrjksp ksplkn lknrr hls dj djrjd rjdtnr tnrns ns jhyjdn jhyjdnktn ktns. s.

4.2 ^sl hn bögnr nk cj nktrjhj Xrjs tnknr nfnopcl hn prlbcnojs jc rndlkldnr tl`nks, juk kl plhnols nstjr sniurls hn mjbnr vasujcazjhl vasujcazjhl nc gakjc hnc ahnktaga ahnktagadjhlr djhlr mjstj nc olonk olonktl tl nk qun vnjols uk djrêd djrêdtnr  tnr  qun kl snj cntrj ka haiatl y qun kl glron pjrtn hnc cnxnoj pjrj ah. Nk D, cls lpnrjhlrns hn uk slcl djrêdtnr dlol −, ? l 3 plhrïjk snr tjobaák nc prakdapal hn uk lpnrjhlr hn hls djrjdtnrns, dlol −;, ?? l 3?. Ulr cl tjktl, vjols j prnsnktjr uk nsqunoj hn hls bögnrns qun sn nkdjrij hn cjs cndturjs plr jhncjktjhl nxtnksjs sak prlbcnojs. Hnspuás dlksahnrjrnols ukj onflrj nk cj qun sn utacazjk –dnktakncjs‟ pjrj jmlrrjr tanopl jc vnragadjr nc gakjc hn cls bögnrns. 4.2.: Ujrns hn bögnrns Tn mjk drnjhl tádkadjs nspndajcazjhjs hn usl hn bögnrns pjrj rnhudar cj djktahjh hn slbrndjrij rnqunrahj nk nc prldnsjoanktl hn uk slcl djrêdtnr nktrjktn, nstl hnbahl j qun nc tanopl pjrj prldnsjr djrjdtnrns y nc nxtnksl köonrl hn djrjdtnrns j prldnsjr hurjktn cj dlopacjdaôk hnc prlirjoj gun nxtnksl. ^k nsqunoj aoplrtjktn aopcadj nc usl hn hls bögnrns qun sn rndjrijk nk glroj jctnrkj, dlol sn suianrn nk cj gaiurj6

Djhj bögnr ns hnc oasol tjojúl K, y plr cl inknrjc K ns hnc tjojúl hn uk bclqun hn hasdl (ns hndar, 8 517 bytns). Onhajktn nc usl hn uk dlojkhl hn cndturj hnc sastnoj plhnols cnnr K djrjdtnrns y dlcldjrcls nk uk bögnr, nk vnz hn utacazjr ukj ccjojhj jc sastnoj plr djhj djrêdtnr. Ta qunhjk onkls hn K djrjdtnrns nk nc jrdmavl hn nktrjhj, nktlkdns uk djrêdtnr nspndajc, rnprnsnktjhl plr nlg, ojrdj nc gakjc hnc jrdmavl gunktn y ns hastaktl j dujcquanrj hn cls plsabcns djrjdtnrns hnc prlirjoj gunktn. Tn ojktanknk hls jpuktjhlrns j cj nktrjhj6 :. Nc jpuktjhlr

 ojrdj nc akadal hnc cnxnoj jdtujc, duyj nxtnksaôk

akadalCnxnoj

nstjols trjtjkhl hn hntnroakjr.

 

2. Nc jpuk jpuktj tjhl hlrr jvjkdn nxpclrj plr jhncjktjhl mjstj nkdlktrjr ukj dlakdahnkdaj nk nc pjtrôk ^kj vnz hntnroakjhl nc saiuanktn cnxnoj, jvjkdn sn dlcldjrê nk nc djrêdtnr hnc nxtrnol hnrndml, cunil ukj vnz rniastrjhl nc cnxnoj dlol uk vjclr hn jtrabutl hn uk tl`nk hnvunctl hnc jkjcazjhlr saktêdtadl, akadalcnxnoj snrê dlcldjhl nk nc djrêdtnr hnspuás hnc cnxnoj qun jdjbjols hn nkdlktrjr. 4.2.2 Dnktakncjs Bjsêkhlkls nk nc nfnopcl jktnralr hnbnols hn vnragadjr qun djhj qun olvjols nc jpuktjhlr jvjkdn, kl mjyjols sjcahl hn : hn cls bögnrns, sa nstl ccnijrj j pjsjr  nktlkdns hnbnols hn rndjrijr jc saiuanktn. plr cl tjktl djhj cndturj hn djrjdtnrns hnbnrê tnknr hls prunbjs6 ukj pjrj nc gakjc hnc buggnr y cj ltrj pjrj hntnroakjr nc djrêdtnr  qun sn cnnrê. Jmlrj bank plhnols mjdnr ukj dlobakjdaôk hn jobjs sa tnknols djhj buggnr pjrj qun dlktnkij uk vjclr dnktakncj jc gakjc Tn hadn qun nc dnktakncj ns jqunc djrêdtnr nspndajc qun kl glroj pjrtn hnc prlirjoj gunktn pjrj nstl ukj lpdaôk kjturjc hnc djrêdtnr ns nlg. Lbsnrvn qun nlg rntankn su usl dlol ojrdjhlr hnc gakjc hn tlhj cj nktrjhj. Dujcquanr nlg  qun jpjrnzdj nk ltrj ubadjdaôk hastaktj jc gakjc hn uk bögnr saikagadj qun ccnijols jc gakjc hn cj nktrjhj.

4.4 Nspndagadjdaôk hn cls tl`nks Ujrj plhnr nspndagadjr pjtrlkns hn cnxnojs cjs nxprnsalkns rniucjrns slk cj jkltjdaôk hn suoj aoplrtjkdaj qun sanoprn hnbnols hn dlksahnrjr0 j pnsjr hn kl plhnr nxprnsjr  tlhls cls pjtrlkns plsabcns slk ouy ngndtavjs pjrj plhnr nspndagadjr nc tapl hn pjtrôk quá kndnsatjols pjrj djhj tl`nk. ¼Tn kls punhn jdjbjr nc nspjdal hn cls buggnrs< hnktrl hn cls cnkiujfns olhnrkls, cls cnxnojs slk dlrtls y bjstj dlk : l hls djrjdtnrns hn cndturj jhncjktjhj, plr nkhn uk tjojúl hn buggnr K jcrnhnhlr hn cls oacns ns oês qun sugadanktn y nc nsqunoj hn hlbcn buggnr gukdalkj sak prlbcnojs. Unrl jök nxastnk danrtl ransils. Ulr nfnopcl cjs djhnkjs hn djrjdtnrns punhnk snr ouy nxtnksjs nstl prlvldjrïj pr lvldjrïj tnknr vjrajs cïknjs y nkgrnktjrïjols cj rnsplksjbacahjh hn uk cnxnoj oês irjkhn qun K0 pjrj nvatjr nstl plhnols trjtjrcjs dlol ukj dlkdjtnkjdaôk hn dloplknktns : hn djhj cïknj slbrn cj dujc sn nsdrabn cj djhnkj. Nk Fjvj ns dlkvnkdalkjc rnprnsnktjr djhnkjs nxtnksjs nsdrabankhl ukj pjrtn nk djhj cïknj y dlkdjtnkjkhl cjs pjrtns dlk uk lpnrjhlr  jc gakjc hn djhj pjrtn. Ltrl prlbcnoj qun nkgrnktjols ldurrn dujkhl punhn snr kndnsjral uk prldnsl hn cndturj jhncjktjhj jrbatrjrajonktn nxtnksl. Dlol ns nc djsl UC/A kl trjtjk j cjs pjcjbrjs dcjvn dlol rnsnrvjhjs quanrn hndar plhnols usjr ahnktagadjhlrns dlk nc oasol klobrn qun ukj pjcjbrj dcjvn0 plr nstj rjzôk cls cnkiujfns olhnrkls tankhnk j rnsnrvjr sus pjcjbrjs dcjvns. 4.4.: Djhnkjs y cnkiujfns

 

Ulhnols hndar qun uk jcgjbntl  snrê nc dlkfuktl gakatl hn sïoblcls0 uk dcjrl nfnopcl tïpadl hn sïoblcls slk cntrjs hïiatls y cls saikls hn puktujdaôk. Nc dlkfuktl {5, :} ns nc jcgjbntl bakjral. JTDAA ns uk nfnopcl aoplrtjktn hn uk jcgjbntl0 sn utacazj nk oudmls sastnojs hn slgtwjrn. ^kadlhn, qun akdcuyn jprlxaojhjonktn :5 555 djrjdtnrns hn cls jcgjbntls jcrnhnhlr hnc oukhl, ns ltrl nfnopcl aoplrtjktn hn uk jcgjbntl.  Jc mjbcjr slbrn ukj djhnkj hnktrl hn uk jcgjbntl kls rngnraols j ukj sndunkdaj gakatj hn sïoblcls qun sn nxtrjnk hn nsnns oasol jcgjbntl0 dlol pjrtn hnc cnkiujfn hndaols qun ukj lrjdaôk l pjcjbrj j onkuhl utacazjhl dlol sïoblcl hn djhnkj. ^k cnkiujfn ns dujcquanr dlkfuktl dlktjbcn hn djhnkjs hnktrl hn jciök jcgjbntl gafl. Cls cnkiujfns jbstrjdtls dlol ∎, nc dlkfuktl vjdïl, l {∍}, nc dlkfuktl qun dlktankn sôcl cj djhnkj vjdïj, slk cnkiujfns bjfl nstj hngakadaôk.

Xároakls pjrj pjrtns hn djhnkjs Cls saiuanktns tároakls rncjdalkjhls dlk djhnkjs slk hn usl dloök6 :. ^k prn prngaf gafl l hn cj djh djhnkj nkj s ns dujcq dujcquan uanrr djhnk djhnkj j qun sn lbtan lbtankn kn jc ncao ncaoakj akjrr dnrl l oês sïoblcls hnc gakjc hn s. Ulr nfnopcl, bjk, bjkjkj y ∍ slk prngafls hn bjkjkj. 2. ^k sug sugafl afl hn cj ddjhnkj jhnkj s ns ddujcqua ujcquanr nr djhnk djhnkj j qun sn lbt lbtankn ankn jc n ncaoak caoakjr jr dnrl l oê oêss sïoblcls hnc prakdapal hn s. Ulr nfnopcl, kjkj, bjkjkj y ∍ slk sugafls hn bjkjkj. 4. ^kj sub subdjhnk djhnkj j hn s sn lbta lbtankn nkn jc nca ncaoakjr oakjr du dujcquan jcquanrr prngaf prngafl l y dujcqu dujcquanr anr suga sugafl fl hn s. Ulr nfnopcl, bjkjkj, kjk y ∍ slk subdjhnkjs hn bjkjkj. 8. Cl Clss prng prngafafls ls,, suga sugafl flss y subd subdjh jhnk nkjs js prlp prlpal alss hn uk ukj j dj djhn hnkj kj s sl slk k ns nsls ls pr prng ngafafls ls,, sugafl sug aflss y sub subdjh djhnkj nkjs, s, rns rnspnd pndtav tavjon jonktn ktn,, hn s qun kl slk ∍  ka slk aiujcns j cj oasoj s. >. ^kj sub subsndun sndunkdaj kdaj hn s ns du dujcqua jcquanr nr djhnkj qu qun n sn glroj o onhajkt nhajktn n cj ncaoa ncaoakjdaô kjdaôk k hn dnrl l oês plsadalkns kl kndnsjrajonktn dlksndutavjs hn s. Ulr nfnopcl, bjjk ns ukj subsndunkdaj hn bjkjkj. 4.4.2 Lpnrjdalkns nk cls cnkiujfns Cjs lpnrjdalkns hn ojylr aoplrtjkdaj nk cls cnkiujfns slk cj ^kaôk cj dlkdjtnkjdaôk y cj dnrr dnrrjh jhur urj. j. Cj ^k ^kaô aôk k snrê snrê cj lp lpnr nrjd jdaô aôk k gj gjoa oacacajr jr qun qun mjdn mjdn dl dlk k cl clss dl dlkf kfuk uktl tls. s. cj dlkdjtnkjdaôk cnkiujfn ns dujkhl uknk hnc tlhjs cjs hl djhnkjs qunnk sntlhjs glrojk tlojr  ukj djhnkj hnchnc praon praonr r cnkiujfn y ukj sn djhnkj sniuk sniukhl cnkiujfn cjsjcglrojs plsabcns. Cj dnrrjhurj (@cnnkn) hn uk cnkiujfn C, qun sn hnkltj dlol C*, ns nc dlkfuktl hn djhnkjs qun sn lbtanknk jc dlkdjtnkjr C dnrl l oês vndns. Lbsnrvn qun C5, cj –dlkdjtnkjdaôk hn C dnrl vndns‟, sn hngakn dlol { ∍}, y plr akhuddaôk, Ca ns Ca−:C. Ulr  öctaol, cj dnrrjhurj plsatavj, hnkltjhj dlol C+, ns aiujc qun cj dnrrjhurj hn @cnnkn, pnrl sak nc tároakl C5. Ns hndar, ∍ kl nstjrê nk C+ j onkls qun nstá nk nc oasol C.

 

4.4.4 Nxprnsalkns rniucjrns Nk uk nfnopcl jktnralr hnsdrabaols cls ahnktagadjhlrns hêkhlcns klobrns j cls dlkfuktls hn cntrjs y hïiatls, usjkhl lpnrjhlrns hn ^kaôk dlol dlkdjtnkjdaôk y dnrrjhurj hnc cnkiuj cnk iujfn. fn. Nst Nstn n prld prldnsl nsl ns tjk öta ötacc uta utacaz cazjr jr dlo dloöko ökonkt nktn n ukj djkdaô djkdaôk k dlklda dlkldahj hj dlol dlol nxprnsalkns rniucjrns, dlk cj gakjcahjh hn hnsdrabar j tlhls cls cnkiujfns qun punhnk dlkstruarsn j pjrtar hn nstls lpnrjhlrns, jpcadjhls j cls sïoblcls hn danrtl jcgjbntl. Nk nstj kltjdaôk, sa cntrj\ sn nstjbcndn hn ojknrj qun rnprnsnktn j dujcquanr cntrj l jc iualk bjfl, y hïiatl\ sn nstjbcndn hn ojknrj qun rnprnsnktn j dujcquanr hïiatl, nktlkdns plhrïjols hnsdrabar nc cnkiujfn hn cls ahnktagadjhlrns hn D onhajktn cl saiuanktn6 cntrj\( cntrj\ | hïiatl )*

BJTN6 Mjy hls rnicjs qun glrojk cj bjsn6 :. ∍ ns ukj nxprnsaôk rniucjr, y C( ∍) ns {∍}0 ns hndar, nc cnkiujfn duyl ökadl oanobrl ns cj djhnkj vjdïj. 2. Ta j ns uk sïoblcl nk Τ, nktlkdns j ns ukj nxprnsaôk rniucjr, y C(j) ? {j}, ns hndar, nc cnkiujfn cnkiuj fn dlk ukj djhnkj, hn clkiatuh ukl, dlk j nk su ökadj plsadaô plsadaôk. k. Xnkij nk dunktj qun plr dlkvnkdaôk usjols dursavj pjrj cls sïoblcls, y kniratj pjrj su dlrrnsplkhanktn nxprnsaôk rniucjr. AKH^D AKH ^DDAÔ DAÔK6 K6 Mjy duj dujtrl trl pjr pjrtns tns qun dlk dlksta statuy tuynk nk cj akh akhudd uddaôk aôk,, onhajk onhajktn tn cj dujc dujc cjs nxprnsalkns rniucjrns oês irjkhns sn dlkstruynk j pjrtar hn cjs oês pnqunújs. Tuplkij qun qun r y s slk slk nxpr nxprns nsal alkn knss rn rniu iucj cjrn rnss qun qun hn hnkl kltj tjk k j cl clss cn cnki kiuj ujfn fnss C( C(r) r) y C( C(ss), rnspndtavjonktn. :. 2. 4. 8.

(r)|(s (r)|(s)) ns uk ukj j nxpr nxprnsaôk nsaôk rrniucj niucjrr qun hnk hnkltj ltj nc cnkiu cnkiujfn jfn C(r) C(r) ∦ C(s). (r)(s (r)(s)) ns uk ukj j nxprn nxprnsaôk saôk rrniucjr niucjr qun hnk hnkltj ltj nc cnkiuj cnkiujfn fn C(r) C(r)C(s). C(s). (r)* ns uk ukj j nxp nxprnsaôk rnsaôk rniuc rniucjr jr qun hnklt hnkltj j j (C (C(r))* (r))*.. (r) (r) ns ukj nxpr nxprns nsaô aôk k rniu rniucj cjrr qu qun n hn hnkl kltj tj j C( C(r) r).. Ns Nstj tj öctaoj öctaoj rnic rnicj j ha hadn dn qun plhn plhnol olss ji jirn rnij ijrr pjrn pjrnss jhad jhadal alkj kjcn cnss hn pj pjrá rákt ktns nsas as jc jcrn rnhn hnhl hlrr hn cj cjss nxprnsalkns, sak djobajr nc cnkiujfn qun hnkltjk.

Tniök su hngakadaôk, cjs nxprnsalkns rniucjrns j onkuhl dlktanknk pjrns akkndnsjrals hn pjráktnsas. Xjc vnz snj kndnsjral ncaoakjr danrtls pjrns hn pjráktnsas, sa jhlptjols cjs saiuanktns dlkvnkdalkns6 j) Nc lpnrj lpnrjhlr hlr ukjra ukjral l * tankn cj prn prndnhnk dnhnkdaj daj oês jc jctj tj y ns jsld jsldajtav ajtavl l j cj azqua azquanrhj. nrhj.

 

b) Cj dlkd dlkdjt jtnk nkjd jdaô aôk k tatank nkn n cj sniu sniukh khj j prnd prndnh nhnk nkda daj j oê oêss jc jctj tj y ns jsldaj jsldajtatavj vj j cj azquanrhj. d) | tank tankn n cj pr prndnhn ndnhnkdaj kdaj oê oêss bjf bjfj j y ns jslda jsldajtavl jtavl j cj az azquanrh quanrhj. j. 4.4.8 Hngakadalkns rniucjrns Cl oês dlkvnkanktn ns plknr klobrns j danrtjs nxprnsalkns rniucjrns, utacazjrcls nk nxprnsalkns subsaiuanktns, dlol sa cls klobrns gunrjk sïoblcls plr sï oasols. Ta Τ ns uk jcgjbntl hn sïoblcls bêsadls, nktlkdns ukj hngakadaôk rniucjr ns ukj sndunkdaj hn hngakadalkns hn cj glroj6

Nk hlkhn hndaols6 :. Djhj ha  ns  ns uk kunvl sïoblcl, qun kl nstê nk Τ y kl ns nc oasol qun dujcquanr  ltrl h . 2. Djhj ra ns ukj nxprnsaôk rniucjr slbrn nc jcgjbntl Τ ∦ {  {h: h:,, h2 , …, ha −−::}. 4.4.> Nxtnksalkns hn cjs nxprnsalkns rniucjrns  J pjrtar hn qun @cnnkn, aktrlhudn cjs nxprnsalkns rniucjrns dlk cls lpnrjhlrns bêsadls pjrj cj ^kaôk, cj dlkdjtnkjdaôk y cj dnrrjhurj hn @cnnkn nk :1>5, jirnijhl oudmjs nxtnksalkns j cjs nxprnsalkns rniucjrns pjrj onflrjr su mjbacahjh jc nspndagadjr cls pjtrlkns hn djhnkjs. 

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^kj l oês aks akstjk tjkdaj dajs. s. Nc lpn lpnrjh rjhlr lr ukj ukjral ral plstga plstgafl fl + rnp rnprns rnsnkt nktj j cj dnrrjh dnrrjhurj urj plsatavl hn ukj nxprnsaôk rniucjr y su cnkiujfn. Ns hndar, sa r ns ukj nxprnsaôk rniucjr, rniuc jr, nktl nktlkdns kdns (r)+ cnkiujfn fn (C(r))+ (r)+   hnkltj nc cnkiuj (C(r))+.. Nc lpnrjhlr + tankn cj oasoj prndnhnkdaj y jsldajtavahjh qun nc lpnrjhlr *. Hls cnyns jcinbrjadjs ötacns, r* ? r+|  rncjdalkjk cj dnrrjhurj hn @cnnkn y cj dnrrjhurj plsatavj. ∍ y r+ ? rr * ?r *r  rncjdalkjk Dnrl Dn rl l uk ukj j akst akstjk jkda daj. j. Nc lp lpnrj nrjhl hlrr ukjr ukjral al plst plstgagafl fl   < saik saikagagad adj j –d –dnr nrl l l uk ukj j ldurrnkdaj‟. Ns hndar, r< r