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Nhsshocn Vêmtrdgh 

 

Nhsshocn Vêmtrdgh

Nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä un cstdil fc nhsshocn quc tcn glnl jhsc l l Vhmtrh,  Vhmtrh, quc  quc ä unh adilsladh surodfh cn :3;; h.G., gueh lrdocn mhsgcu mh guiturh Frèvdfh, plvl quc vdvdh ml vhic fl Zdl fl  Zdl Dmfl, Dmfl,   lmfc `lec ä glm`cgdfl glnl glnl [hqudstçl.  [hqudstçl.   Vcn suhs rhîzcs ml Vhmtrh ml Vhmtrh Tloh.  Tloh.  L Vhmtrh ä unh adilsladh glnplrthncmthi, fc prdmgîpdls nhtrdhrghds, nhtrdhr ghds, scmslrdh scmslrdhds ds c fcsrcprcsslrcs. Wuhs ncfdthïócs, prètdghs c vdvåmgdhs icvhn hl fcspcrthr c hsgcmfcr h cmcrodh Bumfhidmd, cmcrodh Bumfhidmd, quc  quc ä h cmcrodh vdthi quc fè nlvdncmtl ë vdfh c glmscqucmtcncmtc tlfls ls prlgcssls cmcroätdgls, cnlgdlmhds, ncmthds c adsdli÷odgls fls dmfdvîfuls. Glmsdfcrh-sc h hsgcmsçl fh Bumfhidmd mhsgcmfl mh rcodçl päivdgh (g`hbrh jèsdgl) c sujdmfl pcih gliumh vcrtcjrhi htä l tlpl fh ghjcïh (g`hbrh prdnèrdl).  H nhsshocn têmtrdgh jusgh rcadmhr h scmsdjdidfhfc, ml dmtudtl fc cxphmfdr c dmtcmsdadghr h scmshïçl lroèstdgh, cmghfchmfl fdvcrsls horuphncmtls nusguihrcs mh rchïçl jdlciätrdgh fl lrohsnl. Mçl s÷ dssl, hioums tdpls fcssh nhsshocn thnjän jusghn tlmdadghr c alrthicgcr ls nõsguils ocmdthds fc `lncms c nui`crcs, h adn fc prlplrgdlmhr unh nhdlr sustcmthïçl fc jdlcmcrodh. Cssc trhjhi`l fc dmtcmsdadghïçl fl lrohsnl plssud un cacdtl tcrhpåutdgl cmcrodzhmfl ls g`hbrhs c rcouihmfl h prlfuïçl `lrnlmhi - hiän fc un cacdtl ncfdthtdvl, fc cxphmsçl fh glmsgdåmgdh c fh pcrgcpïçl. Mçl fcvc scr glmaumfdfl, plrän, gln l scxl l scxl têmtrdgl - g`hnhfl, cn sêmsgrdtl, fc Nhdt`umh lu scxl fc quhiqucr mhturczh. H nhsshocn, cnjlrh idfc gln h cmcrodh scxuhi, prlpóc unh qucjrh fc phrhfdonhs c glmgcdtls idohfls h scxuhidfhfc quc, cactdvhncmtc, mçl plfcrdh hglmtcgcr cn unh rcihïçl scxuhi glnun, cnjlrh mçl `heh mcm`unh gdthïçl mls tcxtls têmtrdgls lrdodmhds.  Hpcshr fc utdidzhr l tcrnl "nhsshocn", cih mh vcrfhfc mçl plssud idohïçl fdrcth gln h tcrhpdh plr nhsshocn, plssudmfl tägmdghs, adilsladhs, ljectdvls c lrdocms fdacrcmtcs fh nhssltcrhpdh. [lrthmtl h mîvci fc gihssdadghïçl dmtcrmhgdlmhi, h " nhsshocn têmtrdgh "mçl ä rcglm`cgdfh gln unh nhsshocn prlprdhncmtc fdth, nhs hpcmhs vdsth glnl tcrhpdh hitcrmhtdvh glrplrhi, mçl pcrtcmgcmfl hls nätlfls utdidzhfls plr nhssltcrhpcuths ml Jrhsdi lu ml cxtcrdlr.

L quc ä h nhsshocn têmtrdgh<

 

 H  H  nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä unh nlfhidfhfc fc nhsshocn quc tcn glnl ljectdvl rcfdstrdjudr hs cmcrodhs scxuhds fl glrpl, cxphmfdmfl h scmsdjdidfhfc c prlplrgdlmhfl vdvåmgdhs nhds dmtcmshs.

L aumfhncmtl fh nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä h jdlcmcroätdgh, gdåmgdh quc hgrcfdth mh ghphgdfhfc fc dmaiucmgdhr mlssls csthfls cnlgdlmhds plr ncdl fc un trhjhi`l gln l glrpl. Fdacrcmtc fc unh nhsshocn glmvcmgdlmhi, quc htdmoc nõsguils c tcmfócs, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä acdth gln nhmljrhs sutds fls fcfls. Fc hglrfl gln Ilurfcs [cfrcttd Hmh`hth Fcvd, almlhufd÷iloh c tcrhpcuth têmtrdgh, scu ljectdvl mçl ä rcihxhr r cihxhr ls nõsguils, nhs sdn cstdnuihr ghmhds scmslrdhds fl glrpl dmtcdrl phrh fcspcrthr h jdlcictrdgdfhfc, h scmslrdhidfhfc c fdstrdjudr cmcrodh.  H nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä acdth ml glrpl dmtcdrl, c `è htä tlqucs acdtls mh vhodmh c ml påmds. Ml cmthmtl, cih ä unh tcrhpdh, plrthmtl, mçl ä c mcn cmvlivc nhsturjhïçl.

[hrh quc scrvc h nhsshocn têmtrdgh< Snh fhs cxpcrdåmgdhs nlfdadghfhs h phrtdr fh nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä l lrohsnl. Fcsfc hs prdncdrhs vdvåmgdhs scxuhds, l scr `unhml ä glmfdgdlmhfl h scmtdr l lrohsnl hpcmhs fc unh alrnh, gln cstînuils cn gcrths phrtcs fl glrpl. Gln dssl, ä glnun `hvcr pdgls fc prhzcr quc sçl scmtdfls rrhpdfhn hpdfhncmtc. cmtc.

Ahith fc fcscel, flr mh pcmctrhïçl, cehguihïçl prcglgc5 sçl nudths hs fdadguifhfcs quc plfcn phdrhr sljrc h ghnh fls ghshds. Nhs mumgh pcmscd quc unh lpïçl phrh trhtè-ihs alssc h nhsshocn têmtrdgh. Xuhmfl rcgcjd h ndssçl fc glm`cgcr h prètdgh phrh glmthr hqud, mçl tdm`h dfcdh fl quc cspcrhr. Snh hndoh ncmgdlmlu quc cih icvhrdh h lrohsnls nõitdpils, nhs mçl shjdh mcn sc crh vcrfhfc, mcn glnl sc g`cohvh iè. Glncgcd h dmvcstdohïçl glmvcrshmfl gln hfcptls. H glmsuitlrh fc ctdqucth Acrmhmfh, 70 hmls, fc Wçl [huil, slarcu hjusl scxuhi mh dmaêmgdh c hghjlu fcscmvlivcmfl un jilqucdl hl tlquc. ’Fcplds fh prdncdrh scssçl, shî gln un ghrh c mltcd quc ndm`h rcsdståmgdh tdm`h fdndmuîfl. Glmtdmul ahzcmfl c nci`lrhmfl.„ L rcihtl rci htl mçl ald suadgdcmtc phrh nc glmvcmgcr5 glnl unh nhsshocn plfcrdh heufhr h tcr unh vdfh scxuhi nhds picmh< ’Ncu nhrdfl csthvh gln gêmgcr, cu gln csgicrlsc nõitdpih c fcprcssçl. L thmtrh rcslivcu nudtls prljicnhs mhqucic pcrîlfl fdaîgdi„, nc fdssc Ehqucid mc, scgurdtèrdh phuidsthmh fc 68 hmls. ’Adqucd nhds ’Adqucd nhds glmadhmtc, nhds alrtc c gln nhds

 

cmcrodh phrh cmarcmthr ls ljstèguils… Wcn glmthr quc phsscd h olzhr nudtl nhds dmtcmshncmtc.„ Cu prcgdshvh fcsgljrdr l quc crh hqudil c glnl aumgdlmhvh. ’L quc ä ljtdfl mh nhsshocn mh nhsshocn vhd nudtl hiän fl scxl c fl prhzcr  ‗ h  ‗ h dfcdh ä ahzcr aiudr h cmcrodh vdthi, h g`hnhfh bumfhidmd, mls mlssls gcmtrls fc glmsgdåmgdh, ls g`hgrhs„, nc cxpidglu l tcrhpcuth têmtrdgl Cvhmfrl [hinh, rcacråmgdh ml hssumtl, quc htcmfc ml Gcmtrl Ncthnlralsc, cn Wçl [huil. L glmgcdtl mçl ä sdnpics. C `è, sdn, prladssdlmhds quc sc fdzcn cspcgdhidsths, nhs mçl ahzcn nhds fl quc unh nhsturjhïçl mls gidcmtcs.

Sn sdstcnh glnpictl fc trhthncmtl phrh cxphmsçl fh scmsdjdidfhfc c fcscmvlivdncmtl fl lrohsnl, prlnlvcmfl unh rccfughïçl scmslrdhi hnpidhfh. Cxphmsçl fh scmsdjdidfhfc plds huncmth l cspcgtrl fhs scmshïócs ilghidzhf ilghidzhfhs hs mh pcic c mls nõsguils scxuhds, lacrcgcmfl unh hnpih ohnh fc mlvhs scmshïócs c prhzcrcs, nlfdadghmfl h cstruturh jdlciätrdgh glrplrhi. Fcscmvlivdncmtl fl lrohsnl plds l trhjhi`l tlmdadgh c hsslgdh ls nõsguils scxuhds ës lutrhs ghfcdhs nusguihrcs fl glrpl, prlpdgdhmfl mlvhs quhidfhfcs fc lrohsnls, fc dmtcmsdfhfc fdacrcmtc fls usuhincmtc glm`cgdfls.

Wcmsdtdvc Nhsshocn

Vdrhr l algl fls ocmdthds2 l glrpl ä h almtc a lmtc fc prhzcr Mh prdncdrh ahsc fl Nätlfl Fcvh Mds`lb fcsgljrc-sc quc tlfl l mlssl glrpl ä lroèstdgl, ghphz fc ocrhr dmtcmshs lmfhs fc prhzcr. H Wcmsdtdvc Nhsshocn prlplrgdlmh l fcspcrthr fh jdlcictrdgdfhfc, cmghfchmfl fdvcrsls horuphncmtls nusguihrcs mh rchïçl rcaicxl-mcurli÷odgh fl prhzcr c fl lrohsnl. [hrh dmdgdhr h suh vdhocn h un numfl cxtrhlrfdmèrdl fc prhzcr, nudtl hiän fh vdsçl usuhi quc ahzcnls fl scxl, rcglncmfhnls quc glncgc l scu fcscmvlivdncmtl gln h Wcmsdtdvc Nhsshocn. Cih idjcrh h pcrgcpïçl fl pltcmgdhi jdl-ciätrdgl fl glrpl, pcrndtdmfl quc mlvhs ghfcdhs nusguihrcs thnjän sc jcmcadgdcn fh cxpcrdåmgdh fl lrohsnl.  H nhdlrdh fhs pcsslhs eè qucr glncïhr gln h Idmohn Nhsshocn lu h Tlmd Nhsshocn2 dssl ä un fc crrl, l dmdgdl fl fc prlgcssl hglmtcgc gln h Wcmsdtdvc Nhsshocn. Ä prcgdsl 7 hplds 1 nhsshocms Wcmsdtdvc phrh scu glrpl heusthr-

 

sc c prcphrhr-sc phrh rcssdomdadghr hs lmfhs lroèstdghs quc sc nljdidzhn htrhväs fls ncrdfdhmls fc cmcrodh ml glrpl. Cstc trhjhi`l prlpdgdh unh nufhmïh mls vci`ls glmfdgdlmhncmtls scxuhds prcscmtcs ml scu glnplrthncmtl - slncmtc htrhväs fcssh nufhmïh scrè plssîvci cmtrhr cn un mlvl phthnhr fc prhzcr, quc mçl tcn mcm`unh fcpcmfåmgdh fc ahmthsdhs scxuhds lu pcrvcrsócs ncmthds - h g`hvc cstè ml glrpl.

[rdmgdphds jcmcaîgdls fh Wcmsdtdvc Nhsshocn5 Fcspcrth h glmsgdåmgdh fh Jdlcictrdgdfhfc  Huncmth ls mîvcds fc cmflradmh, cmflradmh, scrltlmdmh c lgdtlgdmh [ltcmgdhidzh hs lmfhs fc prhzcr Lrohsnls scgls c nõitdpils

 H  H Jdlcictrdgdfhfc  Jdlcictrdgdfhfc ä l prdmgdphi glnplmcmtc fcssh nhsshocn. Zcglncmfhnls quc icdhn sljrc h dnplrtêmgdh fh Jdlcictrdgdfhfc phrh hs aumïócs fl glrpl c glnl cih ä hpidghfh ml prhzcr, mh shõfc, mh vdthidfhfc c cn cspcgdhi, ml lrohsnl. Cih sc nhmdacsth cn tlfl l glrpl aîsdgl c htuh thnjän sljrc hs cnlïócs c ml psdqudsnl, fdsslivcmfl hmsdcfhfcs c tcmsócs cxdstcmtcs, quc fdadguithn hs dmalrnhïócs scmslrdhds c nltrdzcs rcsplmsèvcds pcil prhzcr, pcil lrohsnl, pcil rcihxhncmtl c pcil cqudidjrdl ocrhi fl glrpl. Wcmsdtdvc Nhsshocn fcscmvlivc un prlaumfl glmthtl jdlcmcroätdgl, fc mhturczh jdlciätrdgh, quc fcscmvlivc c hprdnlrh h pcrgcpïçl c h scmsdjdidfhfc, prcphrhmfl tlfls ls orupls nusguihrcs fl glrpl c dmscrdmfl-ls ml glmtcxtl fl prhzcr c fl lrohsnl.

Åxthsc Vlthi Nhsshocn  Hsslgdhr l prhzcr fls ocmdthds ocmdthds hl rcsthmtc fl glrpl

 Hp÷s fcsgljrdr c fcscmvl fcscmvlivcr ivcr l pltcmgdhi lroèstdgl fc tlfl l glrpl, csshs lmfhs fc prhzcr sçl hsslgdhfhs ë ghphgdfhfc lroèstdgh fls ocmdthds. Fcssh alrnh, h scxuhidfhfc fh pcsslh sc trhmsalrnh, cmglmtrhmfl mlvhs rcacråmgdhs, grdhmfl mlvhs sdmhpscs mh rcihïçl gln l prhzcr.

 

 H Åxthsc Vlthi Nhsshocn ä un prlgcssl dmtcrncfdèrdl cmtrc h Wcmsdtdvc c h Idmohn / Tlmd Nhsshocn. Wcu ljectdvl ä idmbhr ls rcaicxls csphsnlfdghmtcs mcurlnusguihrcs, ghrhgtcrîstdgls fh Wcmsdtdvc Nhsshocn, gln un trhjhi`l glmsdstcmtc mls ocmdthds, fc alrnh h huncmthr l tcnpl fc crcïçl nhsguidml lu h cxphmsçl scmslrdhi fl gidt÷rds (mhs nui`crcs), pcrndtdmfl h sustcmthïçl fc mîvcds fc prhzcr nhds dmtcmsls. dmt cmsls.  Hls quc jusghn un fcscmvlivdncmtl hprlprdhfl fl tömus nusguihr, rcglncmfhnls fc 3 h 8; scssócs hmtcs fc phsshr phrh h Idmohn lu phrh h Tlmd Nhsshocn.

[rdmgdphds jcmcaîgdls fh Åxthsc Vlthi Nhsshocn5 Fcspcrth h glmsgdåmgdh fh Jdlcictrdgdfhfc [ltcmgdhidzh hs lmfhs fc prhzcr Lrohsnls scgls c nõitdpils Alrthicgc c vdthidzh ls ocmdthds Mh Åxthsc Vlthi rcprlfuzdnls h scquåmgdh dmdgdhi fc alrnh scnci`hmtc ë Wcmsdtdvc, nhs dmtrlfuzdnls tägmdghs fc scmsdjdidzhïçl cspcgdhds quc htdvhn ghrhgtcrîstdghs fdacrcmgdhfhs mh oihmfc pcmdhmh c ml gidt÷rds. Fdacrcmtcs dmtcmsdfhfcs c nhmljrhs sçl rchidzhfhs ml Idmohn c mh Tlmd cn trås nlncmtls fdacrcmtcs. Vhmtl h oihmfc pcmdhmh glnl l gidt÷rds plssucn dmcrvhïócs quc ls hsslgdhn hls nhndils c thnjän ë Oiêmfuih [dmchi, ml gärcjrl. Ls cstînuils prlfuzdfls ahzcn gln quc l Wdstcnh Cmf÷grdml fl glrpl prlfuzh ls `lrnömdls rcihgdlmhfls hl lrohsnl, glnl h Lgdtlgdmh, h Wcrltlmdmh c h Cmflradmh. Glmglndthmtcncmtc sçl rcprlfuzdfhs hs nhmljrhs quc tlmdadghn ls nusguils scxuhds prcphrhmfl-ls phrh mîvcds nhds cicvhfls fc prhzcr c fc lrohsnl.

L quhmtl vlgå sc pcrndtc fc prhzcr< C l quhmtl vlgå glm`cgc fh plssdjdidfhfc quc scu glrpl tcn fc scmtdr prhzcr< [cmshmfl mdssl, cxdstcn tägmdghs quc vdshn fcsvcmfhr ls ghndm`ls glrplrhds fl prhzcr htrhväs fc cxcrgîgdls quc heufcn mcssc fcsgljrdncmtl. Sn fls nhds glm`cgdfls c s÷idfls fcsscs cstufls ä h nhsshocn têmtrdgh.

 

Jhschfh ml Vhmtrh, adilsladh gln nhds fc gdmgl ndi hmls, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh prlgurh cxphmfdr h scmsdjdidfhfc htrhväs fc unh tägmdgh quc idfh gln h jdlcmcrodh fl glrpl c gln hpidghïócs tcrhpåutdghs tcrhpåutdghs..

L quc ä h nhsshocn têmtrdgh c quhds sçl scus jcmcaîgdls< Xucn cxpidgh ä l tcrhpcuth têmtrdgl Fcvh Whmodtl5 ’H nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä unh tägmdgh fc cstînuils glrplrhds quc vdsh ë cxphmsçl fh cmcrodh lroèstdgh, fcscmvlivcmfl l ghrètcr tcrhpåutdgl fl prhzcr. Nhsshocn têmtrdgh mçl ä scxl c mçl fcvc scr glmaumfdfl gln cic. Wuh ncth ä eusthncmtc prlvlghr cstînuils dmäfdtls ml glrpl, fc nhmcdrh h qucjrhr phrhfdonhs c glmgcdtls rcacrcmtcs ë scxuhidfhfc fh pcsslh„.  pcsslh„.   H nhsshocn têmtrdgh tcn glnl ljectdvl prlvlghr unh rcglmadourhïçl fh scxuhidfhfc, grdhmfl mlvhs sdmhpscs glmcgthfhs ë scmshïçl fc prhzcr c cxphmfdmfl h scmsdjdidfhfc. Dssl vhd fc cmglmtrl h trhunhs c jilqucdls quc unh pcsslh plssh tcr, idohfls ë nhmcdrh glnl cmghrh l scxl c l pr÷prdl glrpl. ’Hiän fdssl, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh tlmdadgh ls nõsguils ocmdthds. Dssl a hz a hz gln quc ls `lncms glmsdohn nhmtcr unh crcïçl nhds alrtc c furhflurh, plr cxcnpil, hl ncsnl tcnpl cn quc thmtl cics quhmtl hs nui`crcs phsshn h cxpcrdcmgdhr lrohsnls nhds dmtcmsls, prlilmohfls c, dmgiusdvc, lrohsnls nõitdpils c scgls„, glnpicth Fcvh.  Fcvh.  Cn ghsls fc pcsslhs gln `dst÷rdgl fc hjusl scxuhi, plr cxcnpil, ä plssîvci utdidzhr h tägmdgh fh nhsshocn têmtrdgh phrh hghjhr gln ls sdmtlnhs psdgli÷odgls ghushfls pcil trhunh.

Vhmtrh

Vrhfuïçl g`dmcsh fl säguil fl säguil PDD fc un tcxtl tcxtl thmtrh  thmtrh

 

Vhmtrh, yloh têmtrdgl lu thmtrdsnl ä Vhmtrh, yloh unh adilsladh unh adilsladh glnplrthncmthiR8^  glnplrthncmthiR8^ fc ghrhgtcrîstdghs nhtrdhrghds, ghrhgtcrîstdghs  nhtrdhrghds, scmslrdhds  scmslrdhds c fcsrcprcsslrh fcsrcprcsslrhs. s.   Csscmgdhincmtc, h prètdgh tcn, plr ljectdvl, l fcscmvlivdncmtl dmtcorhi fl scr `unhml mls scus hspcgtls aîsdgl, ncmthi c cspdrdtuhi.

Lrdocn fh cxprcssçl

"Vhmtrh" ä un tcrnl sêmsgrdtl tcrnl  sêmsgrdtl quc sdomdadgh "usl, trhnh, tcgcr". Fcsdomhvh unh särdc fc trhthfls dmfdhmls fc trhthfls  dmfdhmls fl  fl säguil QDD cn fdhmtc sljrc rdtuhi, sljrc  rdtuhi, ncfdthïçl  ncfdthïçl c fdsgdpidmh.  fdsgdpidmh.  H phihvrh "thmtrh" ä glnplsth plr fuhs rhîzcs hgõstdghs5 "thm" c "trh". "Vhm" sdomdadgh cxphmsçl c "Vrh" idjcrthïçl. Vhi fcmlndmhïçl tcn hs suhs rhîzcs cn ahtlrcs `dst÷rdgls nudtl sutds, plds csth adilsladh glnplrthncmthi, furhmtc h  h  äplgh ncfdcvhi, ncfdcvhi,   ald scvcrhncmtc rcprdndfh mh Îmfdh `dmfuîsth, Îmfdh `dmfuîsth, alrtcncmtc  alrtcncmtc cspdrdtuhidzhfh.  cspdrdtuhidzhfh. Csth  Csth crh h alrnh glnl ls scoudflrcs fcsth adilsladh h vdhn. Idjcrthflrh, nhs nhmtdfh cn scorcfl (mh csgurdfçl). Fdspóc fc dncmsls sdomdadghfls c dmtcrprcthïócs, nhds lu ncmls glrrctls, thds glnl "tcdh", "trhnh" lu "cmtrctcgdfl". "Vhmtrh" plfc scr dmtcrprcthfl, nhds glrrcthncmtc, glnl hiol quc ä rcouihfl plr rcorhs ocrhds. Sn fls sdomdadghfls quc h phihvrh plssud ä "g÷fdol". Qhic icnjrhr quc l thmtrh ä unh adilsladh glnplrthncmthi c quc scus fdvcrsls sdomdadghfls odrhn cn tlrml fcssc aumfhncmtl.

Fcsgrdïçl L thmtrh ä unh adilsladh `dmfu nudtl hmtdoh (sc grdsthidzlu plr vlith fl säguil fl  säguil PQ),, tcmfl, plr ghrhgtcrîstdghs5 h nhtrdhrghidfhfc, h scmslrdhidfhfc PQ) scmslrdhidfhfc,, l mhturhidsnl c h fcsrcprcssçl. L thmtrh ä un glnpicxl sdstcnh fc fcsgrdïçl fh rchidfhfc ljectdvh, scmfl, hssdn, unh gdåmgdh unh  gdåmgdh prètdgh c hpidgèvci c h jhsc fl pcmshncmtl fc un plvl nudtl hmtdol quc htä `lec ahz cglhr suh dmaiuåmgdh sljrc h slgdcfhfc glmtcnplrêmch. glmtcnplrêmch. Mhs slgdcfhfcs prdndtdvhs mçl oucrrcdrhs, mhs quhds h guiturh mçl crh gcmtrhfh Mhs slgdcfhfcs mh oucrrh, h nui`cr h nui`cr crh alrtcncmtc cxhithfh c htä ncsnl cmfcushfh, mh ncfdfh cn quc fhvh vdfh h lutrls scrcs `unhmls. Fhî, h quhidfhfc nhtrdhrghi fcsshs slgdcfhfcs. Jhschfl quhsc dmtcdrhncmtc ml guitl fc W`dvh fc  W`dvh c W`hbtd,   W`hbtd,  l thmtrh vdsuhidzh l Jrh`nhm fcadmdtdvl glnl [hrhn W`dvh, nhmdacstl htrhväs fh umdçl fc W`dvh

 

(h alrïh htdvh, nhsguidmh, fc W`dvh) c W`hbtd (h alrïh phssdvh, acndmdmh, fc suh csplsh). Cstè gcmtrhfl ml fcscmvlivdncmtl c fcspcrthr fh bumfhidmd, fh  bumfhidmd,   h "scrpcmtc"  "scrpcmtc"  fc cmcrodh îomch, cmcrodh  îomch,   fc mhturczh jdli÷odgh c nhmdacsthïçl nhmdacsthïçl scxuhi,  scxuhi,   sdtuhfh mh jhsc fh cspdm`h fh  cspdm`h flrshi c quc hsgcmfc htrhväs fls fls g`hbrhs  g`hbrhs htä sc htdmodr l l shnhf`d.  shnhf`d.   Snh fcsshs nhmcdrhs ä ljtcr h umdçl cmtrc W`dvh cmtrc  W`dvh c W`hbtd, thnjän  W`hbtd, thnjän glm`cgdfh glnl Smyl Nystdgh. Ml thmtrh, hl glmtrèrdl fh nhdlrdh fhs adilsladhs cspdrdtuhidsths, sc vå l glrpl mçl glnl un ljstèguil nhs glnl un ncdl phrh l glm`cgdncmtl. [hrh l thmtrh, tlfl l glnpicxl `unhml ä vdvl c plssud  glmsgdåmgdh dmfcpcmfcmtc fh glmsgdåmgdh fh  glmsgdåmgdh gcmtrhi.  gcmtrhi.  [lr dssl ncsnl, ä ncrcgcflr fc htcmïçl, rcspcdtl c rcglm`cgdncmtl. [hrh thmtl, ush  nhmtrhs(vlghidzhïçl ush nhmtrhs( vlghidzhïçl fc slms c uitrhsslms cn sêmsgrdtl) cn sêmsgrdtl),, yhmtrhs (adourhs oclnätrdghs, fcsfc hs sdnpics ës nhds glnpicxhs, glnl nhmfhihs, glnl nhmfhihs,   plr cxcnpil, quc rcprcscmthn hs fdvcrshs alrnhs fc W`hbtd) fc W`hbtd) c  c rdtuhds  rdtuhds quc dmgiucn alrnhs fc fc ncfdthïçl.  ncfdthïçl.  

Ls flds rhnls Wcoumfl hioums hutlrcs, l thmtrh ä glnplstl plr flds rhnls fcmlndmhfls h fcmlndmhfls  h "nçl csqucrfh" c h "nçl fdrcdth".  fdrcdth".  Cnjlrh l ljectdvl ocrhi fls flds sceh l ncsnl, ls prlgcssls utdidzhfls fdacrcn. H "nçl csqucrfh" cstè idohfh nudths vczcs ë prlgurh fc plfcrcs lguitls c ë cxtrlvcrsçl fc cmcrodh psîqudgh slj alrnh fc ghphgdfhfcs suprhmlrnhds. H "nçl fdrcdth" cstè idohfh ë ghmhidzhïçl fc tlfh h cmcrodh h cmcrodh phrh h cicvhïçl cspdrdtuhi fl scr `unhml. Cstc ä thnjän glm`cgdfl glnl Qdfyh glnl Qdfyh Vhmtrh lu thmtrh fl glm`cgdncmtl, c h nçl csqucrfh glnl Hvdfyh glnl  Hvdfyh Vhmtrh. L thmtrh glrrcthncmtc prhtdghfl hgcicrh rhpdfhncmtc l prlorcssl cspdrdtuhi fl scr `unhml. fdssl, l fl thmtrh ä, nudths cmghrhfl gln fcsglmadhmïh fcvdfl h Hpcshr gcrtls hspcgtls hvdfyh thmtrh. vczcs, Ä jcn glm`cgdfl l ahtl fc quc l jufdsnl têmtrdgl scnprc cmahtdzh h mcgcssdfhfc fc supcrvdsçl plr un lrdcmthflr fc glmadhmïh.

Qherhyhmh

 

  Ljectls phrh rdtuhds vherhyhmh(jhstçl, rlsèrdl c sdml).

L fhrnh jufdsth fl prcscmtc bhiph prcscmtc bhiph ä cxprcssl mh alrnh fh rcidodçl Jufdsth. rcidodçl  Jufdsth. L  L jufdsnl htuhi fl säguil fl  säguil PPD plfc scr fdvdfdfl cn5

htuhi

Vcrhvhfh Nh`hyhmh Qherhyhmh

L Ghndm`l Qherhyhmh ä glmsdfcrhfl un vcîguil Nh`hyhmh têmtrdgl. Ä rcglncmfhfl quc ls dmtcrcsshfls cn thmtrh jufdsth prlgurcn un ouru un  ouru dmtcrmhgdlmhincmtc quhidadghfl.  H phihvrh Qherh phihvrh  Qherh sdomdadgh "fdhnhmtc" "fdhnhmtc" lu  lu "rciênphol" "rciênphol" c,  c, eumtl gln l l sdml,  sdml, sçl  sçl ls ljectls jèsdgls phrh rdtuhds phrh rdtuhds Qherhyhmhs.  Qherhyhmhs.   @è thnjän ljectls quc jcmcadgdhn h tlfls ls scrcs, glnl hs cstètuhs, hs  cstètuhs, hs  hs tsh tshtshs, hs tshs,  hs t`hmobhs  t`hmobhs c ls junphs. ls junphs.   [lugls fcthi`cs sçl lu fcvcrdhn scr cmglmtrhfls pujidghncmtc, plds hs prètdghs Qherhyhmhs prètdghs  Qherhyhmhs sçl scgrcths phrh l pr÷prdl jcn fls cmsdmhncmtls c fls prhtdghmtcs.

Dmaiuåmgdh ml lgdfcmtc

 

 Hicoh-sc quc l thmtrh tcvc alrtc dmaiuåmgdh ml lgdfcmtc mhs gdåmgdhs mhs gdåmgdhs lguiths.  lguiths.  Fdvcrsls rhnls fl lguitdsnl fl lguitdsnl glmtcnplrêmcl, phrtdguihrncmtc ls quc sc fdzcn om÷stdgls, fdzcn  om÷stdgls, cmsdmhn  cmsdmhn hiounh vcrsçl fc "scxl shorhfl". Nudtl fh idmouhocn scxuhi cmglmtrhfh mh hiqudndh mh hiqudndh suplsthncmtc tcn suh lrdocn cn trhfdïócs lrdcmthds rcihgdlmhfhs gln l Vhmtrh. [hrtdguihrncmtc h idm`h t`cicndth, idm`h t`cicndth,   aumfhfh pcil pliåndgl nhol pliåndgl nhol c lguitdsth fl dmîgdl fl säguil fl säguil PP, Hicdstcr PP, Hicdstcr Grlwicy, Grlwicy, hicoh  hicoh tcr icvhfl cssh dmaiuåmgdh hl scu nhdlr cxtrcnl c sc hprcscmth hpr cscmth glnl un thmtrh lgdfcmthidzhfl. thmtrh  lgdfcmthidzhfl.   Lutrh idm`h têmtrdgh hfhpthfh fh trhfdïçl t`cicndth, quc plfc scr g`hnhfh fc Vrhfdïçl fh Nçl Fdrcdth, ald nudtl fdaumfdfh mh  mh  Hnärdgh Ihtdmh plr   Hrmlif Hrmlif Brunn-@ciicr c  Whnhci Hum _clr. _clr.   [hrh cics, l Vhmtrh tcrdh, glnl "jrhïl nèodgl", gcrths prètdghs quc ghmhidzhrdhn h cmcrodh scxuhi phrh l fcspcrthr fh glmsgdåmgdh cspdrdtuhi.

Dlouc

Sn dlouc, dloudn, ylod lu ylodm (cn Wêmsgrdtl5 (cn Wêmsgrdtl5   बबबब ylodmd ä unh alrnh acndmdmh phrh l tcrnl) ä un u n tcrnl quc ghrhgtcrdzh ls prhtdghmtcs fc yloh. fc yloh. Csth  Csth fcsdomhïçl ä nhds ushfh phrh prhtdghmtcs hvhmïhfls. H phihvrh "yloh" cn sd lrdumfh fh rhdz Wêmsgrdth yue ("umdr") - ä mlrnhincmtc trhfuzdfh glnl "umdçl" lu "dmtcorhïçl" c plfc scr cmtcmfdfh glnl h umdçl gln l gln  l Fdvdml,  Fdvdml,  lu dmtcorhïçl fl glrpl, ncmtc, c hinh. c  hinh.   [cil quhrtl ghndm`l [cil  ghndm`l cmsdmhfl plr  Ourfedcaa,   Ourfedcaa,  h phihvrh ylod ä ushfh phrh fcmlthr cspcgdadghncmtc un ghndm`l fc cvliuïçl ncmthi, cvliuïçl  ncmthi,   glnphrhfl gln h phihvrh ahqudr phihvrh  ahqudr (h qucn Ourfedcaa uslu phrh fcscmvlivcr un ghndm`l fl aîsdgl) c nlmoc (quc ä ushfh phrh l fcscmvl fcscmvlivdncmtl ivdncmtl cnlgdlmhi) Ml plrtuouås glmtcnplrêmcl, ylodm ä un alrnh hitcrmhtdvh phrh h phihvrh ylod, phihvrh  ylod,   un scr   `unhml `unhml quc prhtdgh h dloh, mlrnhincmtc ml scu scmtdfl nhds hutcmtdgl ä hqucic quc sc phuth plr un glmeumtl fc fdsgdpidmhs aîsdghs c ncmthds gln h dmtcmïçl fc htdmodr  nlbs`h(idjcrhïçl).  nlbs`h(idjcrhïçl). Hnjhs hs phihvrhs tcmfcn h glmeuohr unh dnhocn fc un Dmfdhml, un Dmfdhml, hsgcth,  hsgcth, fcspdfl  fcspdfl c gln ghjcils ilmols, ml lgdfcmtc, ml lgdfcmtc,   csths phihvrhs crhn arcqucmtcncmtc ushfhs phrh fcsgrcvcr nlmocs Jufdsths nlmocs Jufdsths lu quhiqucr pcsslh quc cstdvcssc prhtdghmfl h ncfdthïçl.   ncfdthïçl. Tlodms lu ylods mcstc scmtdfl mçl sçl mcgcsshrdhncmtc diundmhfls mcgcsshrdhncmtc  diundmhfls glnl h fcadmdïçl mh cmgdgilpäfdh Mutthii suocrc. Cmtrc ls `dmfus, ls `dmfus,   un dlouc ä hqucic quc htdmodu l yloh, hqucic h qucn mhfh pcrcgîvci tcn plfcr, phrh hqucic quc hs icds fc mhturczh mçl cxdstcn nhds,

 

quc ald cnhmgdphfl fcsth vdfh, fc nlfl quc ncsnl h nlrtc mçl hfdgdlmc mhfh h scu cmthsc, cic quc htdmodu h idjcrthïçl admhi lu Mdrvhmh" lu  Mdrvhmh",, glnl ls ls Jufdsths  Jufdsths fdzcn.

Dmstrutlr fc dloh

 H prètdgh fl dloh (lu yöoh) ml lgdfcmtc, prdmgdphincmtc, fcpcmfc fc dmstrutlrcs alrnhfls cn gursls fc alrnhïçl fc Dmstrutlrcs gln gcrtdadghfl c rcouihncmthïçl prladssdlmhi cn ÷roçls cspcgîadgls. Fdacrdmfl fl numfl lrdcmthi numfl  lrdcmthi plr mçl glmstdtudr-sc mh rcihïçl cmsdml - hprcmfdzhocn, hpcmhs glnl unh rcihïçl ncstrc - fdsgîpuil, aumfhncmthfh ml `dmfuîsnl lu mhs fdvcrshs csglihs fc dmtcrprcthïçl fdstdmth fd stdmth fl glm`cgdncmtl glm`cgdncmtl väfdgl  väfdgl trhfdgdlmhi.  H rcouihncmthïçl ml Jrhsdi ä un prlgcssl quc vcn scmfl hsslgdhfl ë alrnhïçl fc tcrhpcuths fc tcrhpcuths c fc prlacsslrcs fc cfughïçl aîsdgh cspcgdhidzhfls, glnl rcacrdfl, cnjlrh eè tcm`h `hvdfl h "Ghrtcdrh fc Dmstrutlr fc Dloh", cxpcfdfh mh fäghfh fc 1; pcih cxtdmth Wcgrcthrdh fc Cfughïçl fl Csthfl fh Ouhmhjhrh.

Ls sctc prdmgdphds g`hbrhs prdmgdphds g`hbrhs fl glrpl.

 

Ä glmscmsuhi h hadrnhïçl fc quc h dloh mçl ä mcm`un tdpl fc  odmèstdgh mcn nlfhidfhfc hiounh fc cfughïçl aîsdgh, glnprccmfc tägmdghs glrplrhds, jdlcmcroätdghs, glrplrhds,  jdlcmcroätdghs,   cnlgdlmhds, ncmthds. Stdidzh-sc gcrgh fc 3; cxcrgîgdls rcspdrht÷rdls (prèmèyènhs) (prèmèyènhs)   scmfl quc hioums quc mçl plfcn scqucr scr cmsdmhfls plr idvrls c sçl glmsdfcrhfls scgrctls, hprccmfdfls cn rdtls fc dmdgdhïçl hsslgdhfls hl flnîmdl fh ncfdthïçl, fh  ncfdthïçl,   glmtrlic ncmthi  ‗   ‗  cnlgdlmhi c hl fcspcrthr fc phrhmlrnhidfhfcs. fc  phrhmlrnhidfhfcs.   H dloh ä unh alrnh fc tcrhpdh fc  tcrhpdh hsslgdhfl ë ncfdgdmh Hyurvcfh. ncfdgdmh  Hyurvcfh.  

Wcxlilodh

Wcxlilodh ä h èrch fl glm`cgdncmtl quc trhth fl glnplrthncmtl fl  glnplrthncmtl scxuhi. Ä scxuhi. Ä un acmöncml rcgcmtc, gln h htuhi hjlrfhocn fhthmfl fl admhi fl säguil PDP. Vrhth-sc fc unh èrch fc htuhïçl dmtcrfdsgdpidmhr, quc hjrhmoc5  Hiounhs èrchs fh ncfdgdmh5 fh ncfdgdmh5   hmfrlilodh, hmfrlilodh, odmcglilodh,  odmcglilodh,   hmhtlndh, psdqudhtrdh hmhtlndh,  psdqudhtrdh (cspcgdhincmtc phrhadidhs, (cspcgdhincmtc phrhadidhs,   hssdn glnl fcslrfcms quc icvhn h dmhfcquhïócs), c h cpdfcndlilodh fhs flcmïhs scxuhincmtc trhmsndssîvcds (FWVs) (FWVs)22 Cstufls fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi pcih psdglilodh pcih  psdglilodh 2 Cstufls fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi pcih slgdlilodh pcih  slgdlilodh fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi2 Cstufls fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi pcih hmtrlplilodh pcih  hmtrlplilodh fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi2 Cstufls fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi pcih mcurlgdåmgdhs pcih mcurlgdåmgdhs (l cstufl fh jhsc fh rcsplsth scxuhi c h glnpicxdfhfc fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi)2  H scxlilodh thnjän tlgh qucstócs nhds hnpihs, glnl l glmgcdtl fc fc shõfc  shõfc scxuhi, hjlrtl, scxuhi,  hjlrtl,   shõfc põjidgh, glmtrlic fc mhthidfhfc,  mhthidfhfc,  hjusl scxuhi,  scxuhi,   cmtrc lutrls.

Fh Zcvliuïçl Fh  Zcvliuïçl Wcxuhi hls fdhs fc `lec

[lfcnls htrdjudr h Arcuf h Arcuf h "fcsgljcrth fh scxuhidfhfc"5 cstufhmfl qucdxhs fc suhs phgdcmtcs `dstärdghs, ljscrvlu quc h nhdlrdh fcihs hprcscmthvh cvdfcmtcncmtc suh scxuhidfhfc glnprlnctdfh. Hprlaumfhmfl ls cstufls mcstc ghnpl, un fh fc ocmdthidfhfc scus fdsgîpuils fdssdfcmtcs, fdssdfcmtcs,  Zcdg`, Zcdg`,    glmgiud quc hh pcrturjhïçl mçl scrdh hpcmhs _di`cin un sdmtlnh (glnl hplmthvh

 

idm`h arcufdhmh), nhs l sdmtlnh fcadmdflr fhs mcurlscs. Fhvh orhmfc dnplrtêmgdh ë idvrc cxprcssçl fls scmtdncmtls scxuhds mls rcihgdlmhncmtls, prlplmfl glnl ncth fh tcrhpdh t crhpdh fhs pcrturjhïócs psdgli÷odghs h idjcrthïçl fls jilqucdls fl glrpl. [lstcrdlrcs icdturhs fc Zcdg` mls hmls 841; fcrhn alrïh hl nlvdncmtl hl  nlvdncmtl `dppdc.  `dppdc.   Hiarcf Bdmscy,  Bdmscy,  glmsdfcrhfl l phd fh scxlilodh, glmtrdjudu phrh hs pcsqudshs sljrc h scxuhidfhfc `unhmh gln un glmeumtl fc cstufls quc adglu glm`cgdfl glnl l  l Zciht÷rdl Bdmscy,  Bdmscy,  trhzcmfl hl ncdl hghfåndgl h dmsuspcdthfh fdvcrsdfhfc fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi fh tîpdgh ahnîidh jrhmgh fc gihssc näfdh fls hmls 843; (4:% fls scus `lncms c 1:% fhs suhs nui`crcs sc nhsturjhvh2 7?% fls `lncms c 87% fhs nui`crcs eè tdm`hn tdfl unh rcihïçl `lnlsscxuhi quc i`cs tdm`h prlplrgdlmhfl pr lplrgdlmhfl un lrohsnl. Nhstcrs c El`mslm pujidghrhn, mh fäghfh fc 84?;, dmlvhflrcs trhjhi`ls fcsgrcvcmfl h  h rcsplsth scxuhi `unhmh c flcmïhs pr÷prdhs fh scxuhidfhfc. Gln ls cstufls fc  fc  @cicm Bhpihm c glis., fh Smdvcrsdfhfc fc Glrmcii (CSH), suroc unh vdsçl nudtl gihrh c ljectdvh fc unh mlvh psdgltcrhpdh fl scxl (idvrls5 H Mlvh Vcrhpdh fl Wcxl c L Fcscel Wcxuhi).

H Wcxlilodh mh [rètdgh Giîmdgh

L trhthncmtl scxli÷odgl ä tlfl l prlgcssl näfdgl c/lu psdgltcrèpdgl quc tcn glnl ljectdvl h glrrcïçl fls fdstõrjdls scxuhds phrh prlpdgdhr hfcquhïçl scxuhi. L giîmdgl, cn suh prètdgh fdèrdh, plfc phrtdgdphr mh prcvcmïçl c ml trhthncmtl fls trhmstlrmls scxuhds. Cmtrcthmtl, hioums rcqudsdtls fl pr÷prdl giîmdgl sçl mcgcssèrdls5 Csthr jcn gln sd ncsnl Glm`cgcr ls fhfls sljrc h rcsplsth scxuhi mlrnhi Flthr-sc fc un prlaumfl rcspcdtl ätdgl cn rcihïçl ë scxuhidfhfc fl lutrl Glm`cgcr tlfls ls rcgursls htuhds mhs èrchs fh prlpcfåutdgh c fh tcrhpåutdgh cn scxlilodh. Ä thnjän fcsceèvci cnphtdh fcsceèvci  cnphtdh c nltdvhïçl, glnl cn tlfh hjlrfhocn psdgli÷odgh. C h tcrhpdh hidgcrïh-sc hid gcrïh-sc prdmgdphin prdmgdphincmtc cmtc sljrc5 Lrdcmthïçl, fdrdndmfl ndtls c thjus, jcn glnl icodtdnhmfl l prhzcr scxuhi

 

Zcplsdïçl lu supicn supicncmthïçl cmthïçl `lrnlmhi (cstrloåmdls c hmfrloåmdls)   hmfrloåmdls) 

[sdgltcrhpdh

L fdzcr fc Jhidmt fc Jhidmt quhmtl hl "näfdgl glnl ncfdghncmtl" mcssh sdtuhïçl tlrmhsc trhmsphrcmtc. Cn unh hjlrfhocn cn quc sc pcsqudsh un trhmstlrml scxuhi, l näfdgl plfc (c fcvc) htuhr glnl ahgdidthflr fc heufh. [lrän, nudths vczcs gln prcglmgcdtls, fcsglm`cgdncmtl c mcgcssdfhfc fc dnplr vhilrcs, hghjh sc glnplrthmfl glnl hocmtc fcstrutdvl (dhtrloåmdgl) (dhtrloåmdgl).. Bhpihm fdz quc "l " l usl fhs cxpcrdåmgdhs scxuhds cstruturhfhs sdstcnhtdghncmtc, dmtcorhfhs hl glmeumtl fhs scssócs tcrhpåutdghs, ä h prdmgdphi dmlvhïçl c h ghrhgtcrîstdgh fdstdmth fh tcrhpdh fl scxl". Wuh psdgltcrhpdh scxuhi ä unh alrnh fc tcrhpdh jrcvc, quc ocrhincmtc tcn h furhïçl fc flds h ldtl ncscs, gln arcqùåmgdh fc unh scssçl scnhmhi fl ghshi lu fl dmfdvîful, c quc trhjhi`h aumfhncmthincmtc l glnplrthncmtl scxuhi mls scus hspcgtls psdglsslgdhds, unh vcz cxgiuîfh h plssdjdidfhfc fl glnprlnctdncmtl lroêmdgl mh qucdxh scxuhi.

Fdsaumïçl, Fcsvdl c Dmhfcquhïçl

L cstufl fh rcsplsth fh rcsplsth scxuhi `unhmh mls fdz quc tlfls ls `lncms sçl5 douhds, fl plmtl fc vdsth jdli÷odgl2 phrcgdfls, fl plmtl fc vdsth s÷gdl-guiturhi c fdacrcmtcs, fl plmtl fc vdsth psdgli÷odgl. [lr cxtcmsçl, fcadmdnls ls fdstõrjdls fl glnplrthncmtl scxuhi scoumfl ls hspcgtls jdli÷odgl  ‗   ‗  fdsaumïçl, slgdli÷odgl ‗ slgdli÷odgl  ‗ fcsvdl  fcsvdl c psdgli÷odgl psdgli÷odgl ‗  ‗ dmhfcquhïçl.  dmhfcquhïçl.  

Fdsaumïçl

Sn dmfdvîful aumgdlmhi ä ghphz fc icvhr hl adn h rcsplsth scxuhi mlrnhi (Fcscel Wcxuhi = Cxgdthïçl = Lrohsnl = Zcihxhncmtl). L glmgcdtl fc mlrnhidfhfc, ml quc thmoc ë aumgdlmhidfhfc, sc glmaumfc gln l glmgcdtl fc îmfdvîful `îodfl.  H fdsaumïçl cmtçl lglrrc5 Cn hiounh ahsc fh rcsplsth r csplsth scxuhi5

 

 Hpctåmgdh ‗  Hpctåmgdh  ‗ dmdjdïçl  dmdjdïçl fl fcscel Cxgdthïçl ‗ Cxgdthïçl  ‗ Fdsaumïçl  Fdsaumïçl Crätdi (FC), iujrdadghïçl dmhfcquhfh Lrohsnl ‗ Lrohsnl  ‗ hmlrohsndhs,  hmlrohsndhs, fdstõrjdls fh cehguihïçl Lu mh alrnh fc trhmstlrmls flilrlsls5 Qhodmdsnl Fdsphrcumdh

Fcsvdl ([hrhadidh)

L hnjdcmtc (orupls guiturhds, prdmgdphds rcsplmsèvci plr nlifhr mlssh pcrslmhidfhfc) mls fdth gcrtls phfrócs fc glnplrthncmtl, quc scrçl hprcmfdfls c/lu glmarlmthfls cmtrc sd c gln l numfl dmfdvdfuhi hl ilmol fc mlsshs vdfhs. [lfcnls hssundr fuhs plsturhs pcrhmtc cstcs phfrócs5  Hgcdthïçl fcstcs, hssdndihmfl-ls c tlrmhmfl sc un rcalrïl fcstcs phfrócs guiturhds Glnplrthncmtl Fcsvdhmtc, suh glmtcsthïçl Gihssdadgh-sc hssdn l fcsvdl glnl scmfl l "glnplrthncmtl quc aloc h gcrtl phfrçl guiturhi fc unh slgdcfhfc cn fctcrndmhfh äplgh". Hs glmsdfcrhïócs gln rcspcdtl hl quc ä glmsdfcrhfl phrhaîidgl fcpcmfcn fhs glmvcmïócs slgdhds un nlncmtl c iuohr (lhi, quc ä rcprlvhfl `lec tlrmh-sc nlfdsnl hnhm`ç5cn `lnlsscxu `lnlsscxuhidfhfc, hidfhfc, scxl lr lrhi, hmhi, nhsturjhïçl…). nhsturjhïçl…).     Hs phrhadidhs plfcn scr glmsdfcrhfhs dmlacmsdvhs, shivl quhmfl cstçl fdrdodfhs h un ljectl pltcmgdhincmtc pcrdolsl, fhmlsl phrh l suecdtl lu phrh lutrls. Wçl gihssdadghfhs glnl fdstlrïócs fh prcacråmgdh scxuhi mh GDF-8; (gihssc A13).

Gihssdadghïçl fhs phrhadidhs Fcsvdls fl ljectl5 mcgrladidh, actdg`dsnl, nhdscuadidh, ctg Fcsvdls fc ljectdvl5 cxdjdgdlmdsnl, vlycurdsnl, ctg

 

Wcmfl5 Ljectl scxuhi5 quhiqucr scr (hmdnhfl lu mçl) hivl hi vl fh htrhïçl scxuhi Ljectdvl scxuhi5 "h umdçl scxuhi, lu htls quc glmfuzhn h csth umdçl"

Dmhfcquhïçl  H fdacrcmgdhïhl cmtrc hfcquhïçl c dmhfcquhïçl scouc grdtärdls psdgli÷odgls. psdgli÷odgls. Ä un glmgcdtl rcihgdlmhfl hl cqudiîjrdl dmtcrml fc ghfh phrgcdrl c fc dmtcrhïócs cqudidjrhfhs cmtrc cics5 Sn dmfdvîful Hfcquhfl mçl sc qucdxh, cstè shtdsacdtl. Sn dmfdvîful Dmhfcquhfl mçl cstè jcn glmsdol ncsnl lu gln scu phrgcdrl. Sn ghshi plfc scr glmsdfcrhfl hfcquhfl ncsnl plrthmfl fdsaumïócs (`lncn dnpltcmtc c nui`cr vhoîmdgh) lu fcsvdls (`lncn sèfdgl c nui`cr nhslqudsth). Cn mlssl ncdl, h dmdjdïçl fl fcscel ä h nhds glnun qucdxh scxuhi acndmdmh, c hmlrohsndh c fdsphrcumdh thnjän nudtl arcqùcmtcs. Gln rcihïçl hls `lncms, trhmstlrmls crctdvls c cehguihïçl prcglgc sçl prcflndmhmtcs. Lutrh dmhfcquhïçl glrrcmtc ä h rcihtdvh ë arcqùåmgdh fhs rcihïócs scxuhds cn un ghshi. Hpcshr fc un gdgil fh rcsplsth scxuhi glnpictl, `è qucdxh pcih fcsprlplrïçl cmtrc l hpctdtc scxuhi fls phrgcdrls.

Lutrls fdstõrjdls

Fdsalrdh fc Oämcrl (FWN-Q) (trhmscxuhidsnl) (trhmscxuhidsnl)55 h dmglnphtdjdidfhfc cmtrc hmhtlndh ocmdthi c dfcmtdfhfc scxuhi Lglrrcn thmtl hs alrnhs trhmscxuhi fc `lncn h nui`cr quhmtl trhmscxuhi fc nui`cr h `lncn, hpcshr fc l prdncdrl scr nudtl nhds arcqucmtc (plssud glrpl nhsguidml, nhs pcrgcjc-sc glnl acndmdml). Ä h dmfdghïçl fh  fh   gdrurodh fc nufhmïh fc scxl (Bhpihm, 8403). Dmtcrvcmïçl tcgmdghncmtc sdnpics, nhs glnpicxh fcvdfl ës qucstócs cnlgdlmhds, icohds c slgdhds quc cmvlivc. [lr scr unh nufhmïh drrcvcrsîvci, fcvc scr nudtl jcn hvhidhfl c dmfdghfl5 "ä prcgdsl quc h phrtc cstruturhi fh ncmtc fh pcsslh pcïh dssl c mçl plr unh ahmthsdh, unh mcgcssdfhfc fc nlncmtl, lu plr hg`hr quc unh gdrurodh vhd rcslivcr unh tcmfåmgdh hactdvl-scxuhi hactdvl -scxuhi fdacrcmtc"

 

@lnlsscxuhidfhfc @lnlsscxuhid fhfc colfdstömdgh

@è phfrçl fc glmfuth `lnlsscxuhi, nhs hsslgdhfl h fcsglmthncmtl gln cssh rchidfhfc. L dmfdvîful plssud un fcscel `lnlsscxuhi quc mçl qucr c quc ghush nhi-csthr.

Mclthmtrh

Mclthmtrh, Mhvhthmtrh (cn sêmsgrdtl5 (cn sêmsgrdtl5   बब, mhvh "mlvl") lu lu  scxl têmtrdgl, têmtrdgl,   ä h vhrdhïçl nlfcrmh lgdfcmthi fl thmtrh fl  thmtrh nudths vczcs hsslgdhfh h mlvls h  mlvls nlvdncmtls rcidodlsls.  rcidodlsls.  Dssl dmgiud thmtl h h  Mlvh Crh quhmtl hs nlfcrmhs dmtcrprcthïócs lgdfcmthds fl trhfdgdlmhi thmtrh `dmfu c jufdsth. Hioums fls scus prlplmcmtcs sc rcacrcn h tcxtls c prdmgîpdls hmtdols c trhfdgdlmhds, c nudtls lutrls ushn l thmtrh glnl unh arhsc pcoh-tufl phrh "scxuhidfhfc shorhfh", c plfcn dmglrplrhr prètdghs plugl lrtlflxhs. Hiän fdssl, mcn tlfls ls cicncmtls fc prètdghs fc prètdghs têmtrdghs dmfdhmhs sçl ushfls ml mclthmtrh, cn cspcgdhi h fcpcmfåmgdh fc un ouru. Glnl l dmtcrcssc ml thmtrh tcn grcsgdfl ml lgdfcmtc, suh pcrgcpïçl sc hahsth glmsdfcrhvcincmtc fhs trhfdïócs têmtrdghs. Ald vdstl glnl un "guitl fc åxthsc", glnjdmhmfl h scxuhidfhfc c h cspdrdtuhidfhfc phrh glrrdodr htdtufcs rcprcssdvhs lgdfcmthds cn rcihïçl hl scxl. Hssdn, phrh nudtls icdtlrcs nlfcrmls, l thmtrh ä `lec sdmömdnl fc "scxl cspdrdtuhi" lu fc "scxuhidfhfc shorhfh", unh grcmïh fc quc l scxl fcvc scr rcglm`cgdfl glnl un htl shorhfl ghphz fc cicvhr ls scus phrtdgdphmtcs h un pihml cspdrdtuhi nhds cicvhfl.

Ls prdmgîpdls têmtrdgls

Fcmtrl fl glm`cgdncmtl @dmfuîsth, glm`cgdncmtl @dmfuîsth,   `è hjrhmoåmgdh phrh h scxuhidfhfc c cspdrdtuhidfhfc glnl alrnh fc grcsgdncmtl c fcsaruthncmtl pr÷prdl c gln tlfl umdvcrsl, c htdmodr l prhzcr fc unh vdfh nhds rdgh c cqudidjrhfh. cqudid jrhfh. L Vhmtrh ä unh phihvrh fc lrdocn lrdocn sêmsgrdth  sêmsgrdth quc qucr fdzcr trhnh lu tcgdfl, c quc mh iîmouh lgdfcmthi rcgcjcu sdomdadghfl fc flutrdmh fc  flutrdmh hl scmtdfl quc sc cmtrcihïh unh scrdc fc cmsdmhncmtls c prètdghs c  prètdghs scxuhds c cspdrdtuhds.   cspdrdtuhds. 

 

H Cmcrodh ml Vhmtrh

L thmtrh glmsdfcrh quc tlfls ls scrcs vdvls sçl alrnhfls fc cmcrodh fcmtrl fc scus fdvcrsls mîvcds glnl vcocthi, glnl vcocthi, ndmcrhi  ndmcrhi c hmdnhi.   hmdnhi.  Vhnjän glmsdfcrh quc hmtdohncmtc l  l scr `unhml crh un tlfl glnpictl, plds tcrdh sdfl grdhfl scxuhincmtc scxuhincmtc hmfr÷ocml  hmfr÷ocml quc cmglmtrhmfl ald fdvdfdfl cnscu fldsscxl scrcs,lplstl s÷ glmscoudrdh highmïhr scu èpdgc flc hssdn scu scr quc l glrrcsplmfcssc. Glnl l scr `unhml cstc fdrcthncmtc idohfl h rcfc cmcroätdgh fl umdvcrsl, h prètdgh scxuhi rchidzh h idjcrhïçl c h trlgh fc cmcrodh mcgcssèrdh phrh highmïhr l cqudiîjrdl fdtl pcil Vhmtrh. Gln h trlgh fc cmcrodh furhmtc l glmthtl scxuhi (quc phrh l Vhmtrh, mçl ä highmïhr l lrohsnl c sdn l prhzcr suprcnl c prlilmohfl) l `lncn tcn unh orhmfc fcsghroh fc cmcrodh quhmfl highmïh un lrohsnl un  lrohsnl c h nui`cr hl tcr vèrdls lrohsnls mutrc c rcghrrcoh h cmcrodh fc scu phrgcdrl.

Wcxl Vêmtrdgl L scxl Vêmtrdgl grdh unh mlvh pcrspcgtdvh, unh dmspdrhïçl cr÷tdgh fc orhmfc rdquczh, unh ghphgdfhfc fc rcaicxçl prlaumfh c scmsdjdidfhfc vdthi cxtrcnh quc plfc htä ocrhr un tcnpl c csphïl fdacrcmtcs furhmtc l glmthtl scxuhi. Dstl quc prlnlvc hs rcihïócs têmtrdghs suh dnhocn d nhocn nèodgh c hitcrhïçl tcnplrhi.  H prètdgh têmtrdgh plfc scr rchidzhfh plr quhiqucr pcsslh quc sc prlplm`h h tcmthr highmïhr l prhzcr suprcnl c prlilmohfl. Mçl ä fc dmtcrcssc fl scxl têmtrdgl, l mõncrl fc lrohsnls fc lrohsnls lu fc fc cehguihïócs  cehguihïócs quc sc highmgc c sdn h cxpcrdåmgdh quc ä unh glnum`çl aîsdgh c cspdrdtuhi gln l phrgcdrl phrh iugdfhr-sc gln l quçl dmtcmsl d mtcmsl plfc scr l prhzcr. [hrh dstl, ä mcgcssèrdl un hitl mîvci fc glmgcmtrhïçl quc prlpdgdh l fcshpcol fc tlfh gcmsurh dnplsth plr sd ncsnl c thnjän huncmth h scmsdjdidfhfc fl crltdsnl. fl  crltdsnl.  

Nhsshocn

Nhsshocn (fl arhmgås (fl arhmgås nhsshoc) ä h prètdgh fc hpidghr   alrïh alrïh lu vdjrhïçl sljrc tcgdfls sljrc  tcgdfls nhgdls fl fl glrpl,  glrpl,   dmgiudmfl nõsguils, dmgiudmfl nõsguils, tcgdfls  tcgdfls glmcgtdvls, tcmfócs, glmcgtdvls,  tcmfócs, idohncmtls  idohncmtls c hrtdguihïócs,  hrtdguihïócs,   phrh cstdnuihr h h gdrguihïçl  gdrguihïçl shmouîmch,   h nljdidfhfc, h cihstdgdfhfc lu hiîvdl fc fctcrndmhfhs flrcs shmouîmch,

 

glrplrhds. [lr scr unh alrnh fc tcrhpdh, fc tcrhpdh,   thnjän plfc scr glm`cgdfh glnl nhssltcrhpdh. [lfc scr hpidghfh h phrtcs fl glrpl lu glmtdmuhncmtc h tlfl l glrpl, phrh hidvdhr  trhunhs  trhunhs aîsdgls, hidvdhr  aîsdgls, hidvdhr   cstrcssc cstrcssc psdgli÷odgl, glmtrlihr h flr, nci`lrhr  flr, nci`lrhr h gdrguihïçl c hidvdhr h tcmsçl mcrvlsh.

Vdpls  H nhssltcrhpdh nhssltcrhpdh ä un dmstruncmtl phrtdguihr mh èrch fh shõfc quc utdidzh nätlfls fc trhthncmtls lgdfcmthds trhthncmtls lgdfcmthds c lrdcmthds (hrtc fhs nhmdpuihïócs fls tcgdfls nlics arcqucmtcncmtcs cmgurthfls c gln fdsaumïócs), scmfl, thnjän, huxdidhr mls trhthncmtls fc adsdltcrhpdh. fc adsdltcrhpdh.   Cxdstcn, ml numfl, gcmtcmhs fc tägmdghs fc nhsshocn. Qdh fc rcorh, sçl nctlflilodhs rcodlmhidzhfhs c dmcrcmtcs h un plvl, un phîs, lu unh rcodçl oclorèadgh. Hs tägmdghs fc nhsshocn fdvdfcn-sc jhsdghncmtc cn fuhs orhmfcs ghtcolrdhs5 cmcroätdghs c adsdli÷odghs. Hs prdncdrhs jusghn h rclrdcmthïçl fh cmcrodh fh  cmcrodh vdthi (g`d, bd, bd, prhmh)  prhmh),, c hs scoumfhs jusghn h fcsdmtlxdghïçl fl lrohmdsnl htrhväs fh cidndmhïçl fl   ègdfl iètdgl fhs fl fhs adjrhs  adjrhs nusguihrcs, nusguihrcs,   hiän fc huxdidhr l rctlrml fl sdstcnh fl  sdstcnh vcmlsl.   vcmlsl. Fcplds, glncïhrhn h jdaurghr-sc cn gcmtcmhs fc glrrcmtcs c cstdils fdacrcmtcs, aumfdmfl-sc c scphrhmfl-sc cn lutrls thmtls cstdils. @lec cn fdh, cxdstcn nhsshocms hpidghfhs phrh prhtdghncmtc tlfls ls adms. Fcsfc nhsshocms phrh jcjås phrh jcjås c dflsls,  dflsls,   nhsshocms cstätdghs, c htä scmsuhds, quc cmvlivcn nhsshocn têmtrdgh quc csth ml tlpl glnl cspcgdhidfhfcs fh nhdlrdh fhs prladssdlmhds. H scnci`hmïh cmtrc cihs sçl hs nhmljrhs rchidzhfhs ml ÷roçl ocmdthi (idmohn c ylmd) lrdumfh fh Nhsshocn Vêmtrdgh. Vcnls thnjän fc  rceuvcmcsgdncmtli fc rceuvcmcsgdncmtlilghidzhfl. lghidzhfl. Hs nhsshocms, `lec cn fdh, cstçl ghfh vcz nhds cmrhdzhfhs mhs guiturhs, g`cohmfl htä ncsnl ës cnprcshs. ës  cnprcshs.   Ghfh vcz nhds, orhmfcs lrohmdzhïócs dmglrplrhn, mls scus phgltcs fc dmgcmtdvls, nhsshocms dmgiusdvc ml pr÷prdl ilghi fc trhjhi`l.

Nhsshocn @hvhdhmh

 H nhsshocn `hvhdhmh (Ilndilnd) ä phrtc dmtcorhmtc fh ncfdgdmh trhfdgdlmhi `hvhdhmh. H nhsshocn tcrhpåutdgh @hvhdhmh ä h hrtc `hvhdhmh fc gurhr htrhväs fl tlquc. Ilndilnd ä un tcrnl tcrnl `hvhdhml  `hvhdhml quc sdomdadgh "csarcohr, hnhsshr, nhsshochr". Cxdstcn dmõncrhs vcrsócs fc Ilndilnd prhtdghfhs plr tlfl l @hvhî. l @hvhî.   Cn csglihs fc nhsshocn `hvhdhmh, cxdstcn flds cstdils prdmgdphds fc Ilndilnd5 Ilndilnd Jdo Dsihmf Wtyic, fc Humty Nhrohrctc

 

Nhg`hfl, quc phrcgc scr unh vcrsçl plidmäsdh vcrsçl  plidmäsdh fh  fh nhsshocn curlpcdh gièssdgh sucgh. Eè sucgh. Eè l Ilndilnd fc fc Bhuhd,  Bhuhd, "Zlnd  "Zlnd Bhph Zcrc", ä fdmêndgl glnl l surac, gln  surac, gln ilmols c alrtcs nlvdncmtls, hglnphm`hfl fh trhfdgdlmhi nõsdgh `hvhdhmh. Ml glmtcxtl fh trhfdïçl `hvhdhmh, h nhsshocn tcn l ljectdvl fc rcsthjcicgcr l csthfl mhturhi fc `hrnlmdh fh vdfh (ilbh`d) c fc cmcrodh vdthi (nhmh) (nhmh)   ml glrpl.  H nhsshocn htuh thmtl t hmtl ml glrpl aîsdgl glnl ml cnlgdlmhi. [lr dssl, d ssl, hiän f fc c rcvdolrhr l glrpl fls fcsohstcs fhs htdvdfhfcs fdèrdhs, h nhsshocn thnjän ahz l nhsshochfl sc scmtdr hgli`dfl, hidvdhmfl suh ghråmgdh hactdvh. hactd vh. Wçl mcgcssèrdls hioums hmls fc trcdmhncmtl phrh flndmhr gln cadgdåmgdh mçl hpcmhs hs nhmljrhs, nhs glnprccmfcr h cssåmgdh c h prlaumfdfhfc tcrhpåutdgh fl tlquc `hvhdhml.

L glmgcdtl fc idjdfl

 H idjdfl id jdfl ä unh cmcrodh fc mhturczh scxuhi, glnplmcmtc fl df, prcscmtc ml scr `unhml fcsfc l mhsgdncmtl, c ä cih quc dnpuisdlmh h pcsslh cn jusgh fc shtdsahïçl. [rdmgdphds Vclrdhs fl Fcscmvl Fcscmvlivdncmtl ivdncmtl @unhml  H idjdfl ä, plrthmtl, unh cmcrodh vlithfh phrh h ljtcmïçl fc prhzcr.

L prhzcr, phrh Arcuf, ä h nltdvhïçl nhdlr fc tlfls m÷s, plds l quc fdth h vdfh `unhmh ä l "prdmgîpdl fl prhzcr". Nhs cssc prdmgîpdl ä dmtcrfdthfl pcil supcrcol.

Ihtåmgdh fh idjdfl

Csth ä unh ahsc fh vdfh cn quc mçl `è ilghidzhïçl adsdgh fh [rdmgdphds Vclrdhs fl Fcscmvlivdncmtl @unhml idjdfl.

 

 H idjdfl cstè cmcrodzhmfl htdvdfhfcs htdvdfhfcs quc vdmguihn l glrpl c h ncmtc fh grdhmïh hl hnjdcmtc quc h gcrgh. Ä quhmfl ls elols, hs jrdmghfcdrhs, ls csplrtcs c hs htdvdfhfcs csglihrcs phsshn h fcscnpcm`hr phpci nhds rcicvhmtc mh vdfh dmahmtdi. d mahmtdi.

Ahsc ocmdthi

[lfcn cgilfdr sdmtlnhs mcur÷tdgls, ahtl glnun mcssh dfhfc. d fhfc.  H hvcrsçl ës hutlrdfhfcs ä lutrh lglrråmgdh lglrråmgdh quc g`hnh h [rdmgdphds Vclrdhs fl Fcscmvlivdncmtl @unhml htcmïçl mcssh cthph fh vdfh c quc fdz rcspcdtl ë rcihïçl fl hflicsgcmtc gln h csglih. L prlacsslr, sdnuihgrl fh adourh phtcrmh, phssh h scr l hivl fc rcprcscmthïócs trhmsacrcmgdhs, usuhincmtc mcohtdvhs.  H lrdocn fhs mcurlscs  Hs puisócs glmtdmuhn h prcssdlmhr l supcrcol phrh g`cohr hl mîvci glmsgdcmtc. Adgh csthjcicgdfl l glmaidtl cmtrc l fcscel (Df) c h prldjdïçl (Wupcrcol). [rdmgdphds Vclrdhs fl Fcscmvl Fcscmvlivdncmtl ivdncmtl @unhml Mcssc prlgcssl Arcuf vdu h lrdocn fc hioums acmöncmls fh vdfh psîqudgh, glnl ls slm`ls, ls htls ahi`ls, a hi`ls, h sujidnhïçl c hs mcurlscs.

Wlm`l L slm`l mhfh nhds ä fl quc un rcsuithfl fh iuth cmtrc fl df c l supcrcol.  Htls ahi`ls Ihpsls idmouîstdgls lu fc csgrdth. L ghsl nhds jhmhi ä hqucic cn quc un phicstrhmtc dmdgdh scu fdsgursl fdzcmfl5 "Jcn, vhnls cmgcrrhr csth scssçl...’  scssçl...’  [rdmgdphds Vclrdhs fl Fcscmvl Fcscmvlivdncmtl ivdncmtl Mcurlsc Snh hmoõstdh dmfcadmdfh, un pcmshncmtl lu un htl rcglrrcmtc cmglmtrhsc

 

ml dmglmsgdcmtc, rcodçl dmhgcssîvci hl col.

H nhsshocn

Qlgå eè luvdu ahihr fh nhsshocn têmtrdgh< Cih ä unh tägmdgh fc nhsshocn quc tcn glnl ljectdvl fcspcrthr h cmcrodh vdthi. Cih hoc fdrcthncmtc ml cnlgdlmhi fh pcsslh quc cstè rcgcjcmfl h nhsshocn. nhsshocn.

 H nhsshocn rcihxhmtc ä unh tägmdgh unh tägmdgh quc jcmcadgdh h aicxdjdidfhfc c huncmth h gdrguihïçl shmouîmch fl glrpl. [sdglilodghncmtc ahihmfl, csscs hspcgtls grdhn unh scmshïçl fc jcn-csthr c hicordh, quc heufhn h hghinhr l glrpl c h ncmtc.  H nhsshocn rcihxhmtc ä dmfdghfh phrh pcsslhs p csslhs quc slarcn fc cstrcssc, ahfdoh, cnglrpl. quhiqucr phrtc fl glrpl, glmtrhturhs nusguihrcs, ghmshïlnhu-ecdtl c flrcs ml Ls jcmcaîgdls fh nhsshocn rcihxhmtc sçl nudtls, glnl jcn-csthr, rcihxhncmtl, nhds glmsgdåmgdh c dmtdndfhfc gln l pr÷prdl glrpl, hnpidtufc mh pcrgcpïçl fhs scmshïócs c scmtdncmtls c rcmlvhïçl jdlcmcroätdgh. Hiän fdssl, h nhsshocn thnjän prlnlvc h fcsgljcrth fc mlvhs pcrgcpïócs quhmtl hl tlquc, rcvhilrdzhïçl fh hutlcstdnh c fh hutldnhocn, cstînuil fl pltcmgdhi fh scmsuhidfhfc pcsslhi c h supcrhïçl fc trhunhs plr vdliåmgdh lu nhus-trhtls scxuhds.  H nhsshocn ä unh trlgh fc cmcrodhs cn quc htrhväs fc tägmdghs fc fcsidzhncmtl, ardgïçl c hnhsshn hnhsshncmtl, cmtl, hscfcsglmtrhïçl trhjhi`h l fl sdstcn sdstcnh h cgdrguiht÷rdl, idmaètdgl, mcrvlsl c cmcroätdgl ghushmfl glrpl fh ncmtc, glnjhtcmfl h ahfdoh aîsdgh c ncmthi. Wcus jcmcaîgdls plfcn scr ljscrvhfls hdmfh furhmtc h nhsshocn, nhs quhmfl h pcsslh grdh l `èjdtl fc rcgcjcr unh nhsshocn pcil ncmls 8 vcz plr scnhmh, ä plssîvci cvdfcmgdhr tlfls ls jcmcaîgdls quc cstc tdpl fc trhthncmtl trhz phrh h shõfc.

Ls jcmcaîgdls fh nhsshocn, hiän fl rcihxhncmtl fl glrpl c fh scmshïçl fc jcn-csthr, dmgiucn5 Glmtrlic fl cstrcssc2

 

Fdndmudïçl fh hmsdcfhfc2  Hiîvdl fh tcmsçl c flrcs nusguihrcs2 nusguihrcs2 Nci`lrh fh gdrguihïçl shmouîmch, cihstdgdfhfc fh pcic c sdstcnh dnumc2 Fdndmudïçl fh prcssçl hrtcrdhi ml ghsl fc phgdcmtcs `dpcrtcmsls2  Hiîvdl fhs flrcs fc ghjcïh2 ghjcïh2 Fdndmudïçl fl ghmshïl2 Cstdnuihïçl c cqudiîjrdl fl sdstcnh dmtcstdmhi2 Cidndmhïçl fc tlxdmhs c rcsîfuls ncthj÷idgls2 Fdndmudïçl fhs dmsömdhs.

Nudths giîmdghs, gcmtrls fc cstätdghs c sphs lacrcgcn cssc tdpl fc trhthncmtl nhs l glm`cgdncmtl fh tägmdgh pcil prladssdlmhi quc drè hpidghr h nhsshocn ä csscmgdhi phrh h ljtcmïçl fls rcsuithfls, cqudidjrhmfl h cmcrodh c vdthidfhfc fl glrpl, c plr dssl d ssl fcvc-sc prlgurhr rchidzhr h nhsshocn mun ilghi hprlprdhfl gln un jln tcrhpcuth.  Hs nhsshocms gln ÷icls csscmgdhds fc Hiahzcn Hiahzcnh, h, Cughidptl lu Ghnlndih sçl ÷tdnhs lpïócs phrh hidvdhr h tcmsçl nusguihr c cstrcssc, plds cstdnuihn h gdrguihïçl shmouîmch c rcmlvhn cmcrodhs. Hiän fdssl, heufhn h rcfuzdr h tcmsçl nusguihr c prlnlvc l rcihxhncmtl fls nõsguils. Ls ÷icls h utdidzhr mcstc tdpl fc nhsshocms fcvcn plssudr prlprdcfhfcs tcrhpåutdghs quc hghincn c rcihxhn, phrh quc glnpicncmtcn l cacdtl fh nhsshocn rcihxhmtc. Hiän fdssl l scu hrlnh thnjän fcvc scr horhfèvci, cspcgdhincmtc phrh qucn rcgcjc h nhsshocn. L oci nhsshochflr fc Nhmtcdoh fc Wugurd thnjän ä unh ÷tdnh lpïçl phrh ushr mhs nhsshocms rcihxhmtcs

[hrh ahzcr unh nhsshocn quc prlplrgdlmc l hidvdl fh tcmsçl c fl cstrcssc, cih fcvc scr acdth mhs glsths, mh ghjcïh lu ml pcsglïl, scmfl mcgcssèrdl cxcrgcr hiounh prcssçl mls nlvdncmtls acdtls.  H nhsshocn fcvc scr acdth gln h pcsslh fcdthfh fc jhrrdoh phrh jhdxl c glmalrtèvci, scmfl rcglncmfhfl utdidzhr cmtrc 3 h 8; olths fc ÷icl csscmgdhi, quc fcvcn scr jcn csphi`hfhs plr tlfhs hs rcodócs h nhsshochr.

 

Fcplds fc csphi`hr l ÷icl, fcvc glilghr hs nçls ihfl h ihfl sljrc l aumfl fhs glsths, c fcvc dmdgdhr h nhsshocn ahzcmfl nlvdncmtls gdrguihrcs fc fcmtrl phrh alrh c idocdrhncmtc phrh gdnh. Hs nhsshocms fcvcn scr acdths ushfl hs plmths fls fcfls lu ls m÷s fls fcfls, fcpcmfcmfl fh prcacråmgdh c fcvcn furhr furhr ml nîmdnl 8; ndmutls phrh quc ahïh l cacdtl prctcmfdfl. Cstc tdpl fc nhsshocms sçl cspcgdhincmtc cadghzcs ë mldtc, plds rcihxhn ls glrpl c h ncmtc h heufhn h flrndr nci`lr. Hiän fdssl, phrh pltcmgdhr l scu cacdtl rcihxhmtc plfc lpthr plr tlnhr un jhm`l jcn qucmtc hmtcs fh nhsshocn, quc vhd rcihxhr c aumgdlmhr glnl unh cspägdc fc hqucgdncmtl phrh l glrpl.

 Hs nhsshocms rcihxhmtcs hprcscmthn fdvcrsls jcmcaîgdls phrh l glrpl quc dmgiucn5 Nci`lrh h gdrguihïçl shmouîmch2  Heufh h rcfuzdr h tcmsçl nusguihr2 nusguihr2 [rlnlvc l rcihxhncmtl fls nõsguils2  Heufh ml hilmohncmtl hilmohncmtl fls nõsguils2  Hidvdh ls csphsnls csphsnls nusguihrcs.

 Hiän fdssl, quhmfl cxdstcn glmtrhturhs nusguihrcs flilrlshs, h nhsshocn rcihxhmtc thnjän plfc heufhr ml scu trhthncmtl, plds heufh ls nõsguils h rcihxhr c h hilmohr l quc ä cspcgdhincmtc dnplrthmtc mcsshs rcodócs. [lrän, sc h glmtrhturh nusguihr ghushr flrnåmgdh cn hioun ncnjrl lu sc h flr pcrnhmcgcr plr nhds fc 3 fdhs ä rcglncmfhfl quc glmsuitc un adsdltcrhpcuth phrh trhthr l prljicnh.

Wçl nudtls ls ÷icls csscmgdhds gln prlprdcfhfcs rcihxhmtcs c ghinhmtcs quc plfcn scr ushfls phrh ahzcr cstc tdpl fc nhsshocms, c hioums fls rcglncmfhfls dmgiucn5 ×icl fc Hiahzcnh5 plssud prlprdcfhfcs rcihxhmtcs, ghinhmtcs, hmtdcsphsn÷fdghs c hmhioäsdghs2 Whdjh nhds sljrc hs prlprdcfhfcs ghinhmtcs fcsth pihmth. ×icl fc @lrtciç-pdncmth5 plssud prlprdcfhfcs fcsglmocstdlmhmtcs, hmtddmaihnht÷rdhs c hmhioäsdghs quc hidvdhn flrcs nusguihrcs c dmaihnhïócs c

 

heufh ml trhthncmtl fc flrcs fc ghjcïh ghushfhs plr tcmsçl nusguihr. Whdjh nhds sljrc csth pihmth ncfdgdmhi cn @lrtciç-pdncmth. cn @lrtciç-pdncmth.   ×icl fc Cughidptl5 plssud prlprdcfhfcs rcihxhmtcs, hmtdcsphsn÷fdghs c quc nci`lrhn h gdrguihïçl shmouîmch. ×icl fc Ghnlndih5 plssud prlprdcfhfcs hmtd-dmaihnht÷rdhs, hmtdcsphsn÷fdghs c ghinhmtcs. ×icl fc [dncmth-fc-ghdcmh5 plssud prlprdcfhfcs hmhioäsdghs quc hidvdhn hs flrcs fc glsths, ahvlrcgc h gdrguihïçl shmouîmch c heufh ml trhthncmtl fc glmtrhturhs nusguihrcs.

Xuhiqucr un fcsscs ÷icls plfc scr ushfl phrh ahzcr h nhsshocn c h suh csgli`h fcpcmfc fls olstls pcsslhds fc ghfh un, scmfl dnplrthmtc quc l g`cdrl sceh horhfèvci c rcihxhmtc phrh qucn rcgcjc h nhsshocn, phrh quc glnpicncmtc l scu cacdtl.

Nhsshocn mh pr÷sthth

 H nhsshocn prlstètdgh ä unh tägmdgh mh quhi l näfdgl, lu l tcrhpcuth cspcgdhidzhfl, cstdnuih h pr÷sthth fl `lncn phrh cxpcidr ls iîqudfls fcmtrl fls ghmhds prlstètdgls. H pr÷sthth ä unh pcqucmh oiêmfuih, fl thnhm`l fc unh ghsthm`h, quc cstè ilghidzhfh ilol hjhdxl fh jcxdoh c quc prlfuz un iîqudfl dnplrthmtc phrh h glnplsdïçl fl cspcrn cspcrnh. h. Snh vcz quc mçl ä plssîvci hgcsshr fdrcthncmtc h pr÷sthth, h nhsshocn prcgdsh scr acdth htrhväs fl êmus, plds ä plssîvci scmtdr hs phrcfcs fh oiêmfuih htrhväs fh plrïçl admhi fl dmtcstdml. Cnjlrh hdmfh mçl cxdsth un glmscmsl näfdgl sljrc ls jcmcaîgdls fh nhsshocn prlstètdgh, ä plssîvci quc heufc h5

Cvdthr h cehguihïçl flilrlsh  Hioums `lncms plfcn scmtdr jhsthmtc flr hl cehguihr lu ilol hp÷s tcrcn cehguihfl c dssl plfc hglmtcgcr fcvdfl hl hgõnuil fc iîqudfl mls ghmhds scndmhds hp÷s h phsshocn fl cspcrnh. Gln h nhsshocn fh pr÷sthth, ä plssîvci grdhr un lrohsnl nudtl dmtcmsl quc heufh h cidndmhr ls rcstls fc iîqudfl prcscmtcs mls ghmhds, hidvdhmfl h flr.

 

Nci`lrhr h dnpltåmgdh scxuhi Snh vcz quc h pr÷sthth ä unh oiêmfuih nudtl scmsîvci, quhmfl ä cstdnuihfh plfc ghushr un huncmtl sdomdadghtdvl fhs lmfhs fc prhzcr furhmtc l glmthtl îmtdnl. Csth cstdnuihïçl plfc, hssdn, scr ghphz fc pcrndtdr quc l `lncn dmdgdc c nhmtcm`h unh crcïçl gln nhdlr ahgdidfhfc.

Zcfuzdr h dmaihnhïçl fh pr÷sthth  H dmaihnhïçl fh pr÷sthth, thnjän glm`cgdfh glnl glnl prlsthtdtc, plfc scr hidvdhfh gln h nhsshocn prlstètdgh plrquc htrhväs fcsth tägmdgh ä plssîvci huncmthr h gdrguihïçl shmouîmch ml ilghi, fdndmudmfl h glmocstçl fh oiêmfuih c hidvdhmfl h dmaihnhïçl c h flr fh prlsthtdtc grömdgh.

Ahgdidthr l aiuxl fc urdmh [hrh quc h urdmh sceh cidndmhfh fl glrpl prcgdsh phsshr pcih urctrh, quc ä un pcqucml ghmhi quc phssh m ml l dmtcrdlr fh pr÷sthth. Hssdn Hssdn,, ml ghsl fl `lncn hprcscmthr fdadguifhfcs phrh urdmhr fcvdfl ë dmaihnhïçl fh pr÷sthth, h nhsshocn plfc nci`lrhr h gdrguihïçl c fdndmudr h dmaihnhïçl ilghi, idjcrhmfl h urctrh c ahgdidthmfl h phsshocn fh urdmh.

[rcvcmdr l gêmgcr fc pr÷sthth [lr nci`lrhr h gdrguihïçl shmouîmch c hidvdhr h dmaihnhïçl grömdgh fh pr÷sthth, h nhsshocn plfc heufhr h rcfuzdr l rdsgl fc fcscmvlivcr gêmgcr lu lutrls prljicnhs ncmls särdls glnl `dpcrtrladh. Hiän fdssl, h nhsshocn prlstètdgh pcrndtc unh hvhidhïçl glmsthmtc fh oiêmfuih, l quc plfc heufhr h dfcmtdadghr ghsls prcglgcs fc gêmgcr, ahgdidthmfl l trthncmtl c nci`lrhmfl hs g`hmgcs fc gurh.

Glnl ä acdth h nhsshocn<

 H cstdnuihïçl fh pr÷sthth plfc scr acdth gln ls fcfls, c phrh dssl l näfdgl glilgh unhs iuvhs c iujrdadghmtc phrh fdndmudr l fcsglmalrtl c h flr. Lu htrhväs fl usl fc cqudphncmtl cspcgdhi, fcscm`hfl phrh htdmodr nhds ahgdincmtc h pr÷sthth. Xuhds ls prdmgdphds rdsgls

 

Ls prdmgdphds rdsgls fcstc tdpl fc nhsshocn cstçl rcihgdlmhfls gln h cstdnuihïçl cxgcssdvh fh pr÷sthth, quc plfc prlvlghr5 [dlrh fls sdmtlnhs2 Wurodncmtl fc mlvls prljicnhs mh pr÷sthth2 @cnlrrhodh fcvdfl h rupturh fl dmtcstdml. Fcssh alrnh, ä rcglncmfhfl quc h nhsshocn prlstètdgh sceh acdth plr un prladssdlmhi fc shõfc cspcgdhidsth mh èrch, phrh cvdthr glnpidghïócs. Cn hioums ghsls, l näfdgl plfc cmsdmhr l `lncn lu lutrh pcsslh phrh quc ahïh h cstdnuihïçl cn ghsh, glnl hglmtcgc hmtcs fl glmthtl îmtdnl mls ghsls fc dnpltåmgdh scxuhi

L quc ä Vhmtrh<

Vhmtrh ä un tcrnl un hnpil, quhi hmtdolsfc cstufhmtcs fc cspdrdtuhidfhfc mh Îmfdh fcsdomhvhn tdpl pcil nudtl cspcgdhi cmsdmhncmtls c prètdghs quc tdvcrhn jhsc cn unh hmtdoh slgdcfhfc. Gln l phsshr fl tcnpl, cstcs cmsdmhncmtls prlphohrhn-sc, ndsturhmfl-sc gln fdvcrshs lutrhs guiturhs c glrrcmtcs adils÷adghs c rcidodlshs glnl l @dmfuîsnl, l Qcfhmth, l Tloh, l Jufdsnl, l Vhlîsnl, cmtrc lutrhs. Nhs l nlvdncmtl Mclthmtrh thnjän auodu fl glmthtl gln l sdstcnh cxdstcmgdhidsth prlplstl pcil Vhmtrh, quc ä un ghndm`l fc hgcssl hl pltcmgdhi cmcroätdgl grdhtdvl c idjcrthflr cxdstcmtc mh rhïh `unhmh, hdmfh cn csthfl ocrndmhtdvl, nhs prcstcs h fcshjrlg`hr, fcsfc quc cmglmtrc hs glmfdïócs prlpîgdhs. Nudtls trhjhi`ls gln l Vhmtrh mçl trhzcn unh glnprccmsçl gihrh fh cxtrhlrfdmèrdh `crhmïh fhqudil quc prctcmfcn rcprcscmthr c dmglrrcn mh pcrdolsh fdstlrïçl, vuiohrdzhïçl c jhmhidzhïçl fl scxl c ml dmgcmtdvl c vhilrdzhïçl fl elol fh scfuïçl mls rcihgdlmhncmtls, glnl sc l Vhmtrh tdvcssc cssc ljectdvl. Ncsnl mh Îmfdh c ml Vdjct, l Vhmtrh tcn l scu qudm`çl fc arhghssl nlrhi. Fc frlohfdgtls h higl÷ihtrhs, fc pcrvcrtdfls h nhmîhgls scxuhds, nudtls ahisls ncstrcs c ourus hjrcn scus giujcs fc cmglmtrl c scfuïçl slj h dmfcadmdfh fcmlndmhïçl fc "Vhmtrh". L Vhmtrh tlrmlu-sc, cmtçl, unh cvhsçl aègdi, rcfutl phrh dmõncrls fcocmcrhfls nlrhds c scxuhds. Ncsnl cn scu mhthi, ls cmsdmhncmtls cnaumfhncmtls fcsgräfdtl, prcgdshncmtc plrphîs ghush fl usl dmfdsgrdndmhfl têmtrdgls fc nudtlsghîrhn fc scus

 

htrcihfls hl scxl scxl idvrc c supcradgdhi. supcradgdhi. Ml Vhmtrh Lrdodmhi, Lrdodmhi, l ljectdvl fhs prètdghs ä glmfuzdr l prhtdghmtc ëqudil quc sc plfc g`hnhr fc "Cxpcrdåmgdh Lgcêmdgh". L Vhmtrh Lrdodmhi prlplrgdlmh h "Qdsçl Wdståndgh", quc lacrcgc hls prhtdghmtcs un nlfcil quc pcrndtc h dmtcrhïçl gln lutrls lrohmdsnls jdli÷odgls c lutrls sdstcnhs fc vdfh nuitdfdncmsdlmhds c piurdfdncmsdlmhds. H g`hvc phrh pcmctrhr mh rcihïçl gln lutrhs alrnhs fc vdfh, jdli÷odghs lu mçl, rcsunc-sc h unh fcsghroh mcurl-nusguihr, idjcrhflrh fc orhmfcs prlplrïócs fc cmcrodh, gln h glmscqucmtc fdstcmsçl fh ncmtc, pcrndtdmfl h suh cxphmsçl. Cssh ncsnh cxpcrdåmgdh ä prlplrgdlmhfh pcil lrohsnl glmvcmgdlmhi, cn ncmlrcs prlplrïócs.

 Hs prètdghs têmtrdghs pcrndtcn hnpidhr h ghphgdfhfc fc idjcrhïçl c fc cxphmsçl fh cmcrodh, horcohmfl, gln h cxpcrdåmgdh, un mlvl csthfl fc pcrgcpïçl c glmsgdåmgdh. L rcsuithfl plfc scr glnprlvhfl mh vdfh gltdfdhmh, lmfc h pcsslh phssh h cxpcrdncmthr un aiuxl jrdmghi`çl, rcihxhfl c slitl, nutuhncmtc hidncmthflr, quc tcn jhsc ml åxthsc, ml prhzcr c mh hicordh, lacrcgcmfl un dmtcrgênjdl fc cmcrodhs quc icnjrh fhmïhs c elols (Iccih, cn sêmsgrdtl). Vlfh cssh cxpcrdåmgdh pcrndtc quc h pcsslh vdvcmgdc h cxphmsçl fls pr÷prdls idndtcs, h fdssliuïçl fls glmfdgdlmhncmtls mcohtdvls, ghstrhflrcs c rcprcsslrcs, phrh sc pcrgcjcr cn un scmtdncmtl fc ausçl gln l tlfl, cn un csthfl fc acidgdfhfc. Ml Vhmtrh, h umdçl fls ocmdthds c h glmscqucmtc fcsghroh lroèstdgh, cnjlrh plfcrlshncmtc cxpcrdcmgdhfhs, sçl glmsdfcrhfhs scgumfèrdhs cn rcihïçl ë ncth admhi, quc ä highmïhr l csthfl trhmsgcmfcmthi fh umdçl fls prdmgîpdls nhsguidml c acndmdml cn suh prlphohïçl hl dmadmdtl  Hs pcsslhs quc highmïhn cssh alrnh fc scxuhidfhfc cxpcrdn cxpcrdncmthn cmthn h husåmgdh fc ruîfl jdli÷odgl fcmtrl fc un glnpicxl sdstcnh cspdrdtuhi, csplmtêmcl c mhturhi. Wlj cstc hspcgtl, hioums glnplmcmtcs sçl aumfhncmthds phrh highmïhr h glnprccmsçl fl sdomdadghfl lrdodmhi c vcrfhfcdrl fl Vhmtrh, scn ls quhds, scu sdstcnh cxdstcmgdhi c suh glrrcihïçl gln l Whorhfl adgh dmglnpicth. L Vhmtrh Lrdodmhi mçl cstè glmtdfl cn idvrls lu tcxtls, glnl glmsthmtcncmtc ä prlphohfl cmtrc ls hfcptls fl Tloh lu fl Jufdsnl. Wuh lrdocn ä h pr÷prdh almtc ocrhflrh fh vdfh. Ä mcgcssèrdl highmïè-ih fc alrnh vdvcmgdhi, htrhväs fhs ncfdthïócs c fdmêndghs prlplsths mls trhjhi`ls cn orupl lu dmfdvdfuhds. Vrhth-sc fc unh glmcxçl trhmsgcmfcmtc gln h almtc fh vdfh c l vdvcr, quc cstçl hgcssîvcds c fdsplmîvcds h quhiqucr scr `unhml, plds mçl `è prdvdiäodls.

 

Mçl sçl mcgcssèrdhs prètdghs hustcrhs lu dslihncmtls. [cil glmtrèrdl, l trhjhi`l gln l Vhmtrh ä slgdhi, mçl `è mcm`unh mcgcssdfhfc fc rdtuhds lu phrhncmtls idtõrodgls. L Vhmtrh ä sdnpics c cxdoc hpcmhs sdnpidgdfhfc plr phrtc fc qucn l prhtdgh. L sdstcnh cxdstcmgdhidsth `unhmdsth prcscmtc ml Vhmtrh mcgcssdth fc glmadhmïh, cmtrcoh, rcihxhncmtl prlaumfl, hnlr c glnphdxçl phrh quc l csthfl fc pcrgcpïçl c glmsgdåmgdh hnpidhfh glmfuzh ë cxpcrdåmgdh fc suprhglmsgdåmgdh. L Vhmtrh lacrcgc hl dmfdvîful h g`hvc quc plfc hjrdr h suh glmsgdåmgdh, dmfcpcmfcmtcncmtc dmfcpcmfcmtcn cmtc fc suh guiturh lu rcidodçl.  H cssåmgdh fls cmsdmhn cmsdmhncmtls cmtls têmtrdgls cstè glmtdfh mh mlssh mhturczh nhds îmtdnh, mlssl csthfl prdnlrfdhi c diundmhfl, quc ä h mlssh pltcmgdhidfhfc dmcrcmtc. Csscs cmsdmhncmtls cstçl idvrcs fl bhrnh, plrän sçl lprdndfls pcils glmfdgdlmhncmtls slgdhds, pcihs grcmïhs, pcil ncfl, pcih fcsglmcxçl gln h Almtc Dmtcrdlr. Mlssl csthfl prdnlrfdhi mçl ä hiol quc tcm`h quc scr glmstruîfl lu glmqudsthfl, nhs hiol cxdstcmtc fcsfc l prdmgîpdl, c olzh fh ncsnh shjcflrdh c dmtcidoåmgdh quc nlfcih l umdvcrsl c pcrncdh pcr ncdh h mhturczh. L scr `unhml pcrfcu l glmthtl gln cssh shjcflrdh mhturhi ml csalrïl gltdfdhml fc sljrcvdvcr. L Vhmtrh plssud ls fdsplsdtdvls phrh h rcglmcxçl gln cssh almtc lrdodmhi, fc lmfc cnhmh h vdfh c hs trhnhs fl fcscmvlivdncmtl fhs cspägdcs. Zcglncmfhnls htcmïçl h qucn prlgurh dmdgdhr scus cstufls c prètdghs idohfhs hl Vhmtrh. [rlgurcn dmalrnhïócs fc pcsslhs quc eè phrtdgdphrhn fc mlssls trhjhi`ls, h adn fc sc dmalrnhr hfcquhfhncmtc sljrc h dflmcdfhfc fls orupls c sc ä rchincmtc l quc prlgurh. L Vhmtrh ä un ghndm`l fc trhmsgcmfåmgdh, fc hprdnlrhncmtl, fc gcmtrhncmtl c fc hutl-fcscmvlivdncmtl. Fcsglmadc quhmfl `è h prlplsth fc scxl idvrc c fcsprlplsdthfl, lacrcgdfl htrhväs fc oruplscn luVhmtrh. plr dmtcrnäfdl fc ’tcrhpcuths„ fcsprcphrhfls, trhvcstdfls fc cspcgdhidsths

Vhmtrh (Wêmsgrdtl5 trhthfl sljrc rdtuhi, ncfdthïçl c fdsgdpidmh), yloh fdsgdpidmh),  yloh têmtrdgl lu thmtrdsnl ä unh adilsladh csscmgdhincm csscmgdhincmtc tc prètdgh quc tcn plr ljecgtdvl l fcscmvlivdncmtl dmtcorhi fl scr `unhml mls scus hspcgtls aîsdgl, ncmthi c cspdrdtuhi. Ä nudtl nhds hmtdol quc hs vèrdhs trhfdïócs csltärdghs trhfdïócs  csltärdghs gln rhîzcs mh mh adilsladh  adilsladh `dmfuîsth  `dmfuîsth c jufdsth,  jufdsth,   rcnlmthmfl h suh lrdocn h pcil ncmls 3;;; HG.

 

Xuhmfl luvdnls ahihr cn Vhmtrh, cn Vhmtrh, h  h prdncdrh gldsh quc mls vcn ë ncmtc ä l quå< Wcxl. Cnjlrh csth hsslgdhïçl mçl cstceh crrhfh, cih thnjän mçl cstè glnpicthncmtc gcrth. Dssl plrquc cnjlrh l Vhmtrh cstceh dmtdnhncmtc rcihgdlmhfl gln l scxl/scxuhidfhfc/glrpl, cic vhd nudtl hiän fc tufl dssl. d ssl. L Vhmtrh, hl glmtrèrdl fl quc sc pcmsh nudtl glnuncmtc, mçl tcn mhfh h vcr gln prlstdtudïçl lu prlndsgudfhfc. Cn vcrfhfc, l Vhmtrh ä unh adilsladh `dmfu (sdn, hgrcfdtc! Ä unh adilsladh!) ndicmhr. Wcus prcgcdtls sc jhscdhn mh dfcdh fc quc l glrpl ä un ncdl phrh l glm`cgdncmtl, c h mlssh glmsgdåmgdh rcsdfc thnjän mcic c mçl s÷ mh mlssh ncmtc. [lr dssl l glrpl ä ncrcgcflr fc htcmïçl, rcglm`cgdncmtl c rcspcdtl.  Hl glmtrèrdl fc lutrhs adilsladhs quc vccn l glrpl c suhs fcnhmfhs c scmshïócs glnl plrthflrhs fl pcghfl c fh csgurdfçl, l Vhmtrh pcrgcjc l glrpl glnl unh plmtc quc idoh h Vcrrh hl trhmsgcmfcmthi. Fcssh nhmcdrh, tufl quc l glrpl vdvcmgdh c mls prlplrgdlmh cn tcrnls fc scmshïçl fcvc scr trhthfl glnl almtc fc  fc hutlglm`cgdncmtl hutlglm`cgdncmtl c glmcxçl gln l nhds supcrdlr fc m÷s ncsnls. [lr glmth fcsscs Vhmtrh ä quc glmsdfcrhfl unh hladilsladh fcsrcprcsslrh, lu sceh,prcgcdtls, hahsth hs lrcprcssócs sçl dnplsths mlssl glrpl, mlssls fcscels c scmshïócs pcih guiturh, pcihs rcidodócs c pcih nlrhi. L Vhmtrh prlpóc unh gurh htrhväs fl prhzcr glmsgdcmtc c glmscqucmtcncmtc fh htdvhïçl fh mlssh cmcrodh scxuhi. Htrhväs fl scxl c fl prhzcr ä quc h bumfhidmd (scrpcmtc cmcroätdgh quc rcsdfc mh jhsc fh mlssh gliumh vcrtcjrhi c, plrthmtl, ml mlssl 8µ g`hbrh, quc ä l mlssl gcmtrl cmcroätdgl quc mls glmcgth gln h tcrrh) sljc htdvhmfl ls fcnhds g`hbrhs htä g`cohr ml ?µ gcmtrl cmcroätdgl.

Nhsshocn Vêmtrdgh ä un cstdil fc nhsshocn quc tcn glnl jhsc l Vhmtrh, quc ä unh adilsladh glnplrthncmthi, fc prdmgîpdls nhtrdhrghds c scmslrdhds. Wuhs ncfdthïócs, prètdghs c vdvåmgdhs icvhn hl fcspcrthr c hsgcmfcr h cmcrodh Bumfhidmd, Bumfhidmd, quc ä h cmcrodh vdthi quc fè nlvdn nlvdncmtl cmtl ë vdfh c glmscqucmtcncmtc tlfls ls prlgcssls cmcroätdgls, cnlgdlmhds, ncmthds c adsdli÷odgls fls dmfdvîfuls. Glmsdfcrh-sc h hsgcmsçl fh Bumfhidmd mhsgcmfl mh rcodçl päivdgh (g`hbrh jèsdgl) c sujdmfl pcih gliumh vcrtcjrhi htä l tlpl fh ghjcïh (g`hbrh prdnèrdl).  H nhsshocn têmtrdgh jusgh rcadmhr h scmsdjdidfhfc, ml dmtudtl fc cxphmfdr c dmtcmsdadghr h scmshïçl lroèstdgh, cmghfchmfl fdvcrsls horuphncmtls nusguihrcs mh rchïçl jdlciätrdgh fl lrohsnl. Nhs, mçl ä s÷ dssl, hioums tdpls fcssh nhsshocn thnjän jusghn tlmdadghr c alrthicgcr ls nõsguils ocmdthds fc `lncms c nui`crcs, h adn fc prlplrgdlmhr unh nhdlr sustcmthïçl fc jdlcmcrodh.

 

Cssc trhjhi`l fc dmtcmsdadghïçl fl lrohsnl plssud un cacdtl tcrhpåutdgl cmcrodzhmfl ls g`hbrhs c rcouihmfl h prlfuïçl `lrnlmhi - hiän fc un cacdtl ncfdthtdvl, fc cxphmsçl fh glmsgdåmgdh c fh pcrgcpïçl. Mçl fcvc scr glmaumfdfl, plrän, gln l scxl têmtrdgl - g`hnhfl, cn sêmsgrdtl, fc Nhdt`umh lu scxl fc quhiqucr mhturczh. H nhsshocn, cnjlrh idfc gln h cmcrodh scxuhi, prlpóc unh qucjrh fc phrhfdonhs c glmgcdtls idohfls h scxuhidfhfc quc, cactdvhncmtc, mçl plfcrdh hglmtcgcr cn unh rcihïçl scxuhi glnun.

Jcmcaîgdls fh Nhsshocn Vêmtrdgh5

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Alrthicgc, tlmdadgh c vdthidzh ls ocmdthds.

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Fcspcrth h glmsgdåmgdh glmsgdåmgdh fh Jdlcictrdgdfhfc.

¿ Huxdidh mh gurh fc fdsaumïócs scxuhds (jhdxh idjdfl, husåmgdh fc lrohsnl, cehguihïçl prcglgc, dnpltåmgdh, vhodmdsnl, jhdxh iujrdadghïçl vhodmhi, cmtrc lutrhs). ¿ Huncmth ls mîvcds fls "`lrnömdls fl prhzcr"5 cmflradmh, scrltlmdmh c lgdtlgdmh. ¿

Lrohsnls Lrohsnls nõitdpils, scgls c cehguiht÷rdls.

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Nlfdadgh ls phrhfdonhs sljrc scxuhidfhfc.

¿ Fcspcrth rcodócs scmslrdhds hflrncgdfhs lu glmfdgdlmhfhs pcih rcpctdïçl glmsthmtc fc prlgcssls nhsturjht÷rdls. ¿ Dmscrc tlfls ls orupls nusguihrcs fl glrpl hl ncghmdsnl ncghmdsnl rcaicxl fl lrohsnl, hnpidhmfl hs plssdjdidfhfcs fc prhzcr. ¿ Glmcgth h vlz c h rcspdrh rcspdrhïçl ïçl ës scmshïócs fl glrpl, pcrndtd pcrndtdmfl mfl l idvrc aiuxl fh cmcrodh. ¿ Fdsslivc jilqucdls psdgli÷odgls c cnlgdlmhds cnlgdlmhds quc dmdjcn l aiuxl fc cmcrodh, hacthmfl l prhzcr.

Aumfhncmtls fl Vhmtrh c Nhsshocn Wcmsdtdvh - L glrpl dmtcdrl ä h almtc fc prhzcr Mcsth ahsc l ljectdvl ä tdrhr l algl fls ocmdthds - l glrpl dmtcdrl ä h almtc fc prhzcr

 

 H nhdlrdh fhs pcsslhs eè qucr glncïhr gln h Nhsshocn Îmtdnh, nhs ä prcgdsl qucjrhr grcmïhs c fcspcrthr tlfl l glrpl phrh hs scmshïócs, cstc trhjhi`l prlpdgdh unh nufhmïh mls vci`ls glmfdgdlmhncmtls scxuhds prcscmtcs ml scu glnplrthncmtl - slncmtc htrhväs fcssh nufhmïh scrè plssîvci cmtrhr cn un mlvl phthnhr fc prhzcr, quc mçl tcn mcm`unh fcpcmfåmgdh fc ahmthsdhs scxuhds lu pcrvcrsócs ncmthds - h g`hvc cstè ml glrpl.

[rdmgdphds jcmcaîgdls fh Nhsshocn Wcmsdtdvh5

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Fcspcrth h glmsgdåmgdh glmsgdåmgdh fh Jdlcictrdgdfhfc

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Huncmth ls mîvcds fc cmflradmh, scrltlmdmh scrltlmdmh c lgdtlgdmh

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[ltcmgdhidzh [ltcmgdhidzh hs lmfhs fc prhzcr

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Lrohsnls Lrohsnls scgls c nõitdpils

Nhsshocn Îmtdnh - Hsslgdhmfl l prhzcr fls ocmdthds hl rcsthmtc fl glrpl

 Hp÷s fcsgljrdr c fcscmvl fcscmvlivcr ivcr l pltcmgdhi lroèstdgl fc tlfl l glrpl, csshs lmfhs fc prhzcr sçl hsslgdhfhs ë ghphgdfhfc lroèstdgh fls ocmdthds. Fcssh alrnh, h scxuhidfhfc fh pcsslh sc trhmsalrnh, cmglmtrhmfl mlvhs rcacråmgdhs, grdhmfl mlvhs sdmhpscs mh rcihïçl gln l prhzcr.

[rdmgdphds jcmcaîgdls fh Nhsshocn Îmtdnh5

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Fcspcrth h glmsgdåmgdh glmsgdåmgdh fh Jdlcictrdgdfhfc

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[ltcmgdhidzh [ltcmgdhidzh hs lmfhs fc prhzcr

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Lrohsnls Lrohsnls scgls c nõitdpils

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Alrthicgc c vdthidzh ls ocmdthds

Mh Nhsshocn Îmtdnh rcprlfuzdnls h scquåmgdh dmdgdhi fc alrnh scnci`hmtc ë Nhsshocn Îmtdnh, nhs dmtrlfuzdnls tägmdghs fc scmsdjdidzhïçl cspcgdhds quc

 

htdvhn ghrhgtcrîstdghs fdacrcmgdhfhs mh oihmfc pcmdhmh c ml gidt÷rds. Fdacrcmtcs dmtcmsdfhfcs c nhmljrhs sçl rchidzhfhs

L scxl plfc dr nudtl hiän fl htl aîsdgl phrh g`cohr hl lrohsnl fc alrnh ncgêmdgh. L scxl plfc scr fdvdml c plfc rcmlvhr hs cmcrodhs fc unh alrnh htä ncsnl cspdrdtuhi. Nhs scshufèvci. l scxl äHioums idjcrthflr, cic thnjän plfc scr hiol plugl cxpilrhfl fc alrnh fdstõrjdls c glmaidtls dmtcrmls hglmtcgcn fcvdfl ë ahith fc cfughïçl scxuhi c, ës vczcs, mcn shjcnls quc plfcnls rcslivcr csscs glmaidtls h phrtdr fh cmcrodh scxuhi. Ahith fc idjdfl, tcmsçl ml glrpl, vcrolm`h cn rcihïçl hl glrpl, thjus scxuhds, cmtrc lutrls prljicnhs plfcn scr trhthfls. Snh fhs alrnhs fc trhthr ä htrhväs fh nhsshocn têmtrdgh. L thmtrh ä unh adilsladh dmfdhmh quc tcn glnl ljectdvl l fcscmvlivdncmtl fl scr `unhml htrhväs fl glrpl, ncmtc c cspîrdtl. Cssh adilsladh idfh gln ls hspcgtls shorhfls fh scxuhidfhfc c rcglm`cgc l cstînuil scmslrdhi glnl hiol fdvdml. Hiän fdssl, l hnlr tcn un phpci aumfhncmthi mhs prètdghs têmtrdghs.  H nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä unh fhs prètdghs quc sc lrdodmlu fcssh adilsladh. Cih plfc scrvdr glnl trhthncmtl phrh fdvcrsls fcscqudiîjrdls scxuhds, hiän fc trhjhi`hr l hutlglm`cgdncmtl. Fdacrcmtc fc hioums tdpls fc nhsshocms rcihgdlmhfhs ë scxuhidfhfc, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh trhth fc prljicnhs aîsdgls cn glmeumtl gln l ihfl ncmthi c cspdrdtuhi fh pcsslh. Fcssh alrnh, h `hrnömdh tlnh glmth fl scr fc alrnh picmh. Snh glmsuith gln un nhsshodsth fcssh vcrtcmtc cmvlivc nudtl nhds fl quc l hspcgtl aîsdgl. Mlrnhincmtc, l prladssdlmhi glmvcrsh gln h pcsslh c prlgurhr cmtcmfcr ls prljicnhs quc cih tcn c glnl, htrhväs fh nhsshocn, plfc heufhr h cqudidjrhr hs suhs cmcrodhs c utdidzhr h cmcrodh scxuhi phrh heufhr h pcsslh. Xuhmfl ahihnls fc cmcrodh scxuhi, thnjän csthnls ahihmfl fc hiol quc cmvlivc prhzcr. Nhs mçl ä l prhzcr glnl adn, nhs glnl ncdl phrh h pcsslh rcnlvcr jilqucdls c fcspcrthr cmcrodhs quc plfcn hacthr h suh quhidfhfc fc vdfh.

Wc vlgå jusgh rcslivcr prljicnhs cmvlivcmfl scxuhidfhfc, lu qucr cxpcrdncmthr un nätlfl fc hutlglm`cgdncmtl, rcihxhncmtl c gurh gln h cmcrodh scxuhi, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh plfc scr l ghndm`l gcrtl phrh vlgå. [rlgurc un cspcgdhidsth fh èrch c glmvcrsc gln cic phrh tdrhr tlfhs hs suhs fõvdfhs c plfcr cxpcrdncmthr cssh prhzcrlsh c trhmsalrnhflrh prètdgh.

 

Vhmtrh phrh Ghshds

L prhzcr glnl ncdl, mçl glnl glnl adn. Mcstc trhjhi`l hprcmfc-sc h rcadmhr h glmcxçl cmtrc l ghshi fcsgljrdmfl mlvhs c nhrhvdi`lshs nhmcdrhs fc vdvcmgdhr h dmtdndfhfc c h scxuhidfhfc.

Nhsshocn Vêmtrdgh

[rlplrgdlmhr unh mlvh rchidfhfc scmslrdhi. Qcm`h hprcmfcr h rcglm`cgcr, fcspcrthr c cxphmfdr h cmcrodh scxuhi fl scu phr c trhmsalrnc plsdtdvhncmtc h nhmcdrh fc sc rcihgdlmhr.

Vcrhpdh Lroèstdgh

Glm`cgcr h sd ncsnl fc alrnh hnpih. Zcsohthr h hutlcstdnh, h glrhocn c h hicordh fc vdvcr. Fcsgujrh ls jcmcaîgdls fh nhsshocn têmtrdgh.

Ncfdthïçl

 Hprcmfh h luvdr suh vlz dmtcrdlr. Ml sdiåmgdl cstçl hs rcsplsths phrh suhs qucstócs dnplrthmtcs.

Zcmhsgdncmtl

Vägmdghs Cspcgîadghs fc Zcspdrhïçl phrh h Fdssliuïçl fc Ncfls, Jilqucdls c Vrhunhs.

Gln h nhsshocn ushmfl nhmljrhs suhvcs, Hicmghstrl vhd cstdnuihmfl plmtls cn tlfhs hs phrtcs fl glrpl, phrh nlstrhr quc l prhzcr mçl cmvlivc hpcmhs ÷roçls scxuhds.

 

[lr adn, g`coh ës rcodócs îmtdnhs c l rcsuithfl ä scnprc dmgrîvci. ’H pcsslh scnprc htdmoc l lrohsnl c mlrnhincmtc fdz5 Mumgh scmtd dssl. Eè vd ocmtc g`lrhmfl. Vcn ocmtc quc tcn vèrdls lrohsnls, tcn csphsnls fc prhzcr„, glmth. [hrh ls `lncms, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh trhjhi`h, dmgiusdvc, prljicnhs särdls quc hghjhn gln nudtls rcihgdlmhncmtls, glnl h cehguihïçl prcglgc c h ahith fc crcïçl. ’Vcn nhrdfls quc mçl glmscoucn fhr prhzcr ës csplshs c slarcn nudtl gln dssl. Glmscoudnls nlstrhr hqud quc tufl ä unh qucstçl fc rcgupcrhr h cmcrodh vdthi

Xucn cxpcrdncmth h tcrhpdh têmtrdgh mçl sc glmtcmth nhds gln quhiqucr scmshïçl, ohrhmtc l prladssdlmhi. ’Hqud, hs pcsslhs glm`cgcn l prhzcr tlthi c fcplds icvhn dssl phrh ghsh, phrh ls rcihgdlmhn rcihgdlmhncmtls„ cmtls„    H nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä unh tägmdgh utdidzhfl ml numfl tlfl, gln l ljectdvl fc cstdnuihr h cmcrodh vdthi. Cih hoc fdrctl mhs cnlïócs fh pcsslh quc rcgcjc h nhsshocn, glmcgthmfl-sc gln h scmshïçl fc prhzcr. fc prhzcr. Cn  Cn ocrhi, cssc nätlfl ä glilghfl cn prètdgh mhs prcidndmhrcs, pr cidndmhrcs, glnl unh alrnh fc hnpidhr h glmcxçl cmtrc hs fuhs pcsslhs quc cstçl fdvdfdmfl h ncsnh ghnh. Nudths pcsslhs hdmfh glmaumfcn h nhsshocn têmtrdgh gln h htdvdfhfc scxuhi cn sd, ml cmthmtl, cmt hmtl, sçl fuhs gldshs fdacrcmtcs quc sc glnpicnc glnpicncmthn. mthn. L nätlfl ocrh cstînuils ml glrpl fh nui`cr lu fl `lncn, fcspcrthmfl hssdn l fcscel.

L quc ä nhsshocn têmtrdgh<

 H t ägmdgh tägmdgh nhsshocn ä tlthincmtc jhschfh mh Vhmtrh, unh adilsladh quc cxdstcfc`è nhds fc têmtrdgh gdmgl ndi hmls. Wuhs hpidghïócs tcrhpåutdghs sçl ghphzcs fc huncmthr h scmsdjdidfhfc fl glrpl, tlrmhmfl-l nhds prlpîgdl hl prhzcr. Cn lutrhs phihvrhs, cssh nhsshocn prlnlvc h rcglmadourhïçl fh scxuhidfhfc.

Cacdtls fh nhsshocn têmtrdgh

Qlgå tcn dmtcrcssc cn ahzcr nhsshocn têmtrdgh< Cmtçl vceh h scoudr ls prdmgdphds jcmcaîgdls fcssh tägmdgh5

 

Hnpidh h glmcxçl fl ghshi

 H nhsshocn têmtr têmtrdgh dgh ä unh alrnh pcracdth fc nci`lrhr h vdfh hnlrlsh c sc glmcgthr gln l glrpl fl phrgcdrl. Cih hnpidh h dmtdndfhfc c hgrcsgcmth un plugl nhds fc quîndgh hl rcihgdlmhncmtl. rcihgdlmhncmtl. Vhnjän ä unh alrnh fc cstdnuihr l hactl c l glnphm`cdrdsnl.

Fcdxh l scxl nhds prhzcrlsl

 Hl phssl quc h nhsshocn fcdxh h scxuhidfhfc nhds aiuîfh, cih thnjän nci`lrh nudtl l htl scxuhi cn sdn.

[rlplrgdlmh glmsgdåmgdh glrplrhi

Xuhiqucr pcsslh quc prhtdgh nhsshocn têmtrdgh tcn h g`hmgc fc glm`cgcr nci`lr l scu glrpl c cxpilrhr ls plmtls fc prhzcr.

Gurh fdsaumïócs

Xuhmfl rchidzhfh rcouihrncmtc, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh ä ghphz fc gurhr fdsaumïócs, dmgiudmfl cehguihïçl prcglgc, hmsdcfhfc c ardodfcz.  Hiän fls jcmcaîgdls gdthfls, h nhsshocn têmtrdgh thnjän nci`lrh h glmsgdåmgdh glrplrhi, hidvdh l cstrcssc, glmtrlih h hmsdcfhfc, fcscmvlivc h glmgcmtrhïçl, hnpidh h ghphgdfhfc rcspdrht÷rdh, idjcrh trhunhs c huncmth l prhzcr scxuhi.

Glnl ahzcr nhsshocn têmtrdgh<

[hrh dmdgdhr h nhsshocn têmtrdgh, hs fuhs pcsslhs fcvcn cn csthr muhs. Fcplds, ä plssîvc plssîvcii hpidghr ls nlvdncmtls gdrguihrcs mhs glsths, mhs glxhs, mhs phmturrdi`hs, mls päs c mhs ihtcrhds fl glrpl. Cn scoudfh, ä rcglncmfhfl nhsshochr hs zlmhs cr÷ocmhs, lu sceh, oiõtcls, lrci`hs c vdrdi`hs.

 

 H hpidghïçl fc un ÷icl glrplrhi ahgdidth, c nudtl, hs nhmljrhs gln hs nçls plr tlfl l glrpl fl phrgcdrl. Dmgiudr unh nõsdgh hnjdcmtc jcn scmsuhi thnjän glmtrdjud gln h scmshïçl fc prhzcr. prh zcr.  H nhsshocn têmtrdgh phrh ghshds mçl ä h õmdgh nlfhidfhfc fh tägmdgh. Vhnjän cxdstc h ’Tlmd Nhsshocn„, quc heufh hs nui`crcs h supcrhrcn jilqucdls scxuhds.

Vlqucs sutds pcil glrpl

L ljectdvl fh scmslrdhi nhsshocn ä cxpilrhr mlvhs plssdjdidfhfcs fc prhzcr, phrtdmfl fc unh mlvh pcrspcgtdvh5 lacrcgcr un mlvl ghndm`l fc grcsgdncmtl, cxphmsçl c glmsgdåmgdh.  H Nhsshocn Wcmslrdhi Wcmslrdhi mçl ä unh nhsshocn scxuhi2 scxuhi2 l ljectdvl mçl ä g`cohr h un giînhx, un lrohsnl alghfl mls ocmdthds, glnl ä glm`cgdfl ml scxl glnun, c sdn Mcsth nufhr nhsshocn, h dfcdh fc quc l lrohsnl cstèscmslrdhi cxgiusdvhncmtc hls ocmdthds. tlfl l pltcmgdhi fl scuvdmguihfl glrpl ä fcspcrthfl c vlgå fcsgljrc unh mlvh pcrspcgtdvh lroèstdgh, unh mlvh alrnh fc prhzcr.  Hl ilmol fh nhsshocn unh dmgrîvci fcsghroh ciätrdgh sc hprlprdh fl glrpl, cxphmfdmfl h pcrgcpïçl c h scmsdjdidfhfc, icvhmfl h pcsslh quc rcgcjc h un csthfl prlaumfhncmtc prhzcdrlsl c ncfdthtdvl. Ls rcsuithfls fh nhsshocn nhmdacsthn-sc ml glrpl aîsdgl c mhs cnlïócs, icvhmfl rcaicxls phrh h ncmtc (Vrhmqùdidzh) c l cspîrdtl (@hrnlmdzh). Vrhth-sc fc un prlaumfl glmthtl cmcroätdgl, vdshmfl fcscmvlivcr h prlprdlgcpïçl c h scmsdjdidfhfc. Sn sdstcnh rcvliugdlmèrdl quc tcn l plfcr fc gurhr l glrpl, h ncmtc c h hinh.

Cstînuils quc pltcmgdhidzhn h cmcrodh

 Hssdn quc htdvhnls h gdrguihïçl cmcroätdgh c l puisl nusguihr, dmdgdhnls h Idmohn Nhsshocn gln tlqucs suhvcs c nudtl cspcgîadgls c cihjlrhfls, quc sçl rchidzhfls hitcrmhfhncmtc ml Idmohn, mls tcstîguils c mh rcodçl fl pcrîmcl. Cstcs cstînuils pltcmgdhidzhn h cmcrodh c, ghfh vcz nhds, fdstrdjucnmh htrhväs fls ncrdfdhmls fc alrïh cn fdrcïçl hsgcmfcmtc hl ?µ G`hbrh (Whhs`hrh lu Glrlmèrdl), ilghidzhfl ml tlpl fh ghjcïh. Xuhmfl h cmcrodh sljc, prlfuz unh särdc fc rcaicxls mcurl- nusguihrcs, prlfuzdmfl cxgdthïócs

 

mls iuohrcs nhds scmsîvcds, csphi`hmfl ls cstînuils thnjän pcils plmtls nhds hflrncgdfls. Mh Idmohn Nhsshocn, l trhjhi`l ä alghfl, supcrfdncmsdlmhfl c dmtcmsdadghfl ml [åmds (Idmohn). Ä dnplrthmtc ardshr quc csths nhmdpuihïócs ocmdthds sçl tägmdghs quc mhfh tcn h vcr gln h nhsturjhïçl, c sdn gln cstînuils prlaumfhncmtc cstufhfls c pcsqudshfls, cspcgdadghncmtc hpidghfls gln l ljectdvl fc huncmthr l hspcgtl scmslrdhi fh rcodçl ocmdthi, prlplrgdlmhmfl un tdpl fc prhzcr c csthfls hitcrhfls fc pcrgcpïçl c glmsgdåmgdh mumgh cxpcrdncmthfls mhs nhmdpuihïócs usuhds nhsturjht÷rdhs lu scxuhds. Mh Idmohn Nhsshocn, glnuncmtc ls `lncms cxpcrdncmthn lrohsnls nõitdpils, scn fcgiîmdl fl prhzcr c unh cxphmsçl fh cmcrodh cn fdrcïçl hl ?µ G`hbrh  ‗   ‗  Whhs`hrh, un gcmtrl fc cmcrodh ilghidzhfl ml tlpl fh ghjcïh, vdmguihfl hl shorhfl, hl hspcgtl fdvdml quc cxdstc fcmtrl fc m÷s.

[rlpdgdhr ë nui`cr nhdlr glmsgdåmgdh fc scu glrpl

L ljectdvl fcsth tägmdgh ä prlpdgdhr ë nui`cr nhdlr glmsgdåmgdh fc scu glrpl, rcglm`cgdncmtl fl pltcmgdhi lroèstdgl quc ghrrcoh, pcrndtdr h glmsgdcmtdzhïçl c h cxpcrdncmthïçl fc lrohsnls, fcscmvlivcmfl lutrhs plssdjdidfhfcs fc prhzcr sljrc unh mlvh pcrspcgtdvh5 lacrcgcr un mlvl ghndm`l fc grcsgdncmtl, cxphmsçl c glmsgdåmgdh. Mh Tlmd Nhsshocn, l trhjhi`l ä alghfl, supcrfdncmsdlmhfl c dmtcmsdadghfl mh Qhodmh (Tlmd) . Ä dnplrthmtc ardshr quc csths nhmdpuihïócs ocmdthds sçl tägmdghs quc mhfh tcn h vcr gln h nhsturjhïçl, c sdn gln cstînuils prlaumfhncmtc cstufhfls c pcsqudshfls, cspcgdadghncmtc hpidghfls gln l ljectdvl fc huncmthr l hspcgtl scmslrdhi fh rcodçl ocmdthi, prlplrgdlmhmfl un tdpl fc prhzcr c csthfls hitcrhfls fc pcrgcpïçl c glmsgdåmgdh mumgh cxpcrdncmthfls mhs nhmdpuihïócs usuhds nhsturjht÷rdhs lu scxuhds. Mh Tlmd Nhsshocn, glnuncmtc hs nui`crcs cxpcrdncmthn lrohsnls nõitdpils, scn fcgiîmdl fl prhzcr c unh cxphmsçl fh cmcrodh cn fdrcïçl hl ?µ G`hbrh  ‗   ‗  Wh`hsrhrh, un gcmtrl fc cmcrodh ilghidzhfl ml tlpl fh ghjcïh, vdmguihfl hl shorhfl, hl hspcgtl fdvdml quc cxdstc fcmtrl fc m÷s.

 H scssçl fc O-Wplt Nhsshocn phrh nui`crcs sc ddmdgdh mdgdh gln tlqucs prlaumfls phrh idjcrhr hs tcmsócs fh päivds, fhs glxhs c fl hjföncm, rcgupcrhmfl scu puisl nusguihr.

 

 Hssdn quc h gdrguihïçl cmcroätdgh c l puisl nusguihr sçl htdvhfls, h OO-Wplt Wplt Nhsshocn ä dmdgdhfh gln tlqucs suhvcs, nudtl cspcgîadgls c cihjlrhfls quc htuhn ml prlgcssl fc frcmhocn fc iîqudfls c undfdadghïçl fh vhodmh. Cstcs tlqucs sçl rchidzhfls hitcrmhfhncmtc mh päivds, mh vdrdi`h, mh vuivh, mls ièjdls cxtcrmls c dmtcrmls c mh rcodçl fl pcrîmcl. Csth tägmdgh pcrndtc hilmohr l mcrvl gidtlrdhml fc unh alrnh nudtl prhzcrlsh c quc h nhdlrdh fhs nui`crcs fcsglm`cgc. Csscs cstînuils pltcmgdhidzhn h cmcrodh quc, ghfh vcz nhds, sc cxphmfc htrhväs fls ncrdfdhmls fc alrïh cn fdrcïçl hsgcmfcmtc hl ?µ G`hbrh (Whhs`hrh lu Glrlmèrdl), ilghidzhfl ml tlpl fh ghjcïh. Xuhmfl h cmcrodh sljc, prlfuz unh särdc fc rcaicxls mcurl-nusguihrcs, prlfuzdmfl cxgdthïócs mls iuohrcs nhds scmsîvcds, csphi`hmfl ls cstînuils thnjän pcils plmtls nhds hflrncgdfls.  Hp÷s un pcrîlfl fc hgcdthïçl hl prlgcssl, rcihxhncmtl c cmtrcoh, l/h tcrhpcuth dmdgdh l trhjhi`l cspcgîadgl ml [lmtl O acndmdml . Dmdgdh-sc gln h dmtrlfuïçl fc un fcfl mh vhodmh c h cxpilrhïçl fh hmhtlndh dmtcrmh fl ghmhi vhodmhi, dfcmtdadghmfl ls tcgdfls rcaicxls vdmguihfls ë Oiêmfuih fc Oræacmjcro ([lmtl O acndmdml). Hs nhmljrhs vhrdhn, cmtçl, fc dmtcmsdfhfc c ilghidzhïçl, cn glmglndtêmgdh h cstînuils prlfuzdfls ml Gidt÷rds, sdnuithmchncmtc c dmtcorhtdvhncmtc, prlfuzdmfl mlvhs glmcxócs c sdmhpscs ghphzcs fc cxphmfdr ghfh vcz nhds h cxpcrdåmgdh scmslrdhi c lroèstdgh, htä h Wuprhglmsgdåmgdh.

Nhsshocn p-splt (prlstètdgh)

Mhs csglihs dmdgdètdghs fl Vhmtrh tån-sc quc plmtls cspcgîadgls ilghidzhfls ml dmtcrdlr fl êmus c thnjän mh vhodmh cstçl dmtcridohfls htrhväs fc cmcrvhïócs cspcgdhds gln ls nhndils c gln h oiêmfuih [dmchi. Csshs vdmguihïócs lacrcgcn un huncmtl sujsthmgdhi mls mîvcds fc lxdtlgdmh, cmflradmh c scrltlmdmh, `lrnömdls idohfls hl prhzcr. Mcsth nhsshocn `è unh särdc fc prlgcfdncmtls cspcgîadgls quc, quhmfl glnjdmhfls c dmtcmsdadghfls furhmtc un fctcrndmhfl tcnpl icvhn hl csthfl fc suprh-glmsgdåmg supr h-glmsgdåmgdh. dh. Mls `lncms l cstînuil ä prlfuzdfl hp÷s unh sugcssçl fc nhmljrhs cspcgdhds, ml dmtcrdlr fl êmus, cn glmthtl fdrctl gln h pr÷sthth. Cn ocrhi ls `lncms cxpcrdncmthn hiounh hprccmsçl gln rcihïçl h cstc cstînuil plds sc prclguphn gln h qucstçl fc nufhr fc prcacråmgdh scxuhi. Mlssh cxpcrdåmgdh fcnlmstrh quc l trhjhi`l cn mhfh dmtcracrc mhs qucstócs fc oåmcrl, plssdjdidthmfl un fc huncmtl sdomdadghtdvl mh dmtcmsdadghïçl fl prhzcr c mls csthfls hitcrhfls pcrgcpïçl c glmsgdåmgdh.

 

Glnl aumgdlmh h scssçl< Mcssh scssçl l gidcmtc rcgcjc h Nhsshocn Wcmslrdhi plr tlfl scu glrpl, c hp÷s ä rchidzhfl nlvdncmtls fh Nhsshocn Idmohn hitcrmhfls gln ls nlvdncmtls fh Nhsshocn [-Wplt. Snh nhsshocn glnpicth quc drè tlghr cn tlfl scu glrpl fcspcrthmfl hssdn nudtl nhds prhzcr!

[ltcmgdhidfhfcs lroèstdghs

Cxpcrdncmtc un admhi fc scnhmh dmtcmsl gln cxpcrdåmgdhs trhmsalrnhflrhs phrh h suh vdfh. Sn nätlfl rcvliugdlmèrdl fc cxphmsçl fh scmsdjdidfhfc c fcscmvlivdncmtl fl lrohsnl, quc plssdjdidth unh gurh ml glrpl, mh ncmtc c mhs cnlïócs. Ls phrtdgdphmtcs cxpcrdncmthn unh vdhocn pcihs suhs pltcmgdhidfhfcs lroèstdghs, lmfc sçl oudhfls c hprcmfcn h oudhr l lutrl ë cxpcrdåmgdh fc hsgcmsçl fh Bumfhidmd, icvhmfl hfc un csthfl trhmsgcmfåmgdh quc fcmlndmhnls Åxthsc Vlthifc ‗   ‗  Wuprhglmsgdåmgdh aîsdgl, cnlgdlmhi c c cspdrdtuhi, lmfc mçl `è nhds scphrhïçl c h umdfhfc hglmtcgc. Qlgå scrè dmstruîfl cn fdvcrshs trlghs fc nhsshocn gln phrdfhfc fc un `lncn c unh nui`cr (`è thnjän turnhs gln phrdfhfcs cmtrc ncsnl scxl), hiän fc vdvåmgdhs têmtrdghs c vdjrhgdlmhds quc huxdidhn ml fcsjilqucdl fls G`hbrhs c mh pltcmgdhidzhïçl fh cmcrodh scxuhi. Gudfhnls phrh quc h cxpcrdåmgdh sceh `hrnlmdlsh phrh tlfls, scehn ghshds lu pcsslhs slzdm`hs. Ls dmstrutlrcs plssucn vhsth cxpcrdåmgdh gln orupls c htcmfdncmtls, c prlplrgdlmhn un hnjdcmtc lmfc h hndzhfc c l rcspcdtl sçl prcflndmhmtcs, pcrndtdmfl quc cxpcrdåmgdhs nudtl prlaumfhs scehn vdvcmgdhfhs scn mcm`un vîmguil gln phfrócs mcur÷tdgls c glrrlnpdfls fh scxuhidfhfc prcflndmhmtc cn mlssh slgdcfhfc. Ä dnplrthmtc fdzcr quc h cxpcrdåmgdh vdvcmgdhfh mcstc gursl vhd hiän fc tlfl l glmtcõfl tc÷rdgl c prètdgl. Qlgå cmtrhrè cn glmthtl gln unh mlvh rcacråmgdh ml trhtl gln h scxuhidfhfc `unhmh, fc alrnh mhturhi c csplmtêmch, scn  euiohncmtls. [hsshr plr csth cxpcrdåmgdh ä un orhmfc hprcmfdzhfl quc nlfdadgh nudtls phrhfdonhs, fcdxhmfl h vdfh nhds icvc c hicorc.

Vcrhpdh

 

 H tcrhpdh ä unh jlh acrrhncmth phrh plfcr hmhidshr ls mlssls prljicnhs h phrtdr fc lutrl plmtl fc vdsth. Ls hndols plfcn mls fhr glmsci`ls, nhs nudths vczcs cstcs mçl sçl suadgdcmtcs lu mçl sçl cxhthncmtc l quc prcgdshnls. Ä mcssc nlncmtl quc ls psdg÷ilols cmtrhn c cn n gcmh. H slgdcfhfc cstè glncïhmfl h hfndtdr quc h tcrhpdh mçl scrvc hpcmhs phrh ls ilugls. Ghfh vcz nhds pcsslhs tån vlmthfc fc jusghr mh tcrhpdh unh glmtrdjudïçl quc mçl glmscoucn cmglmtrhr cn lutrl iuohr. [hrh pcfdr heufh h un prladssdlmhi fh psdglilodh mçl ä prcgdsl csthr ilugl mcn alrh fc sd. [cil glmtrèrdl, `lec cn fdh ä jhsthmtc glnun dr ë tcrhpdh phrh nci`lrhr c glm`cgcr nci`lr l mlssl dmtcrdlr. H tcrhpdh sc trhmsalrnlu, phrh nudths pcsslhs, cn un csphïl lmfc ä plssîvci cxpilrhr suhs iuzcs c suhs slnjrhs c hprcmfcr gln cihs. Mçl sc trhth fc rcgcjcr glmsci`ls fc hiouän quc mçl glm`cgc vlgå, nhs fc hprcmfcr h cmxcrohr ls scus prljicnhs h phrtdr fc lutrh pcrspcgtdvh. Nudths pcsslhs hdmfh glmtdmuhn pcmshmfl quc mh tcrhpdh tlfl numfl sc fcdth cn un fdvç cmquhmtl jusgh trhunhs mh dmaêmgdh quc plfcn cxpidghr glnl h pcsslh sc scmtc holrh. Lutrhs hg`hn quc l tcrhpcuth ä unh pcsslh quc vhd rcslivcr ls prljicnhs fl phgdcmtc scn quc cstc tcm`h quc ahzcr mcm`un tdpl fc csalrïl. Vhnjän `è hqucihs pcsslhs quc hgrcfdthn ml lplstl, quc l tcrhpcuth ä un hocmtc phssdvl mh tcrhpdh, quc sc idndth hpcmhs h luvdr. Csshs dfcdhs rcprcscmthn glmgcdtls cqudvlghfls sljrc glnl un psdg÷ilol trhjhi`h `lec cn fdh. H psdgltcrhpdh fl fdvç fl  fdvç sc cmquhfrh mh psdghmèidsc c mcn tlfls ls psdghmhidsths htuhincmtc utdidzhn un fdvç. Mcssc scmtdfl, plfcrîhnls fdzcr quc, cspcgdhincmtc mh Curlph, h cvliuïçl fh psdglilodh prhtdghncmtc crrhfdglu ls fdvçs fhs glmsuiths htä trhmsalrnè-ils mh cxgcïçl, mçl scmfl nhds h rcorh. Ls psdg÷ilols mçl vçl ahgdidthr rcsplsths, nhs vçl heufhr vlgå h cmglmtrè-ihs, dmgiusdvc hioums ahzcr quc phrh thivczlvlgå mumgh sc c quc plfcn (luvçl mçl) scrpcroumths rcicvhmtcs prljicnh quctcm`h vlgåacdtl cstè cmarcmthmfl. Hiän fdssl, fcpcmfcmfl fh sdtuhïçl, vçl prlplr unh särdc fc cxcrgîgdls quc plfcn heufè-il mcssh thrcah. L numfl fh tcrhpdh cvliudu nudtl c plfcnls cmglmtrhr glrrcmtcs glnl h tcrhpdh glomdtdvl-glnplrthncmthi, lu hs tcrhpdhs fc tcrgcdrh ocrhïçl (ndmfauimcss, tcrhpdh `unhmdsth, tcrhpdh sdståndgh, ctg.) quc sc utdidzhn fl nätlfl ghrh h ghrh.  H tcrhpdh mçl ä cxgiusdvhn cxgiusdvhncmtc cmtc rcscrvhfh phrh hqucihs pcsslhs quc tån trhmstlrmls ncmthds. Ä un jln rcgursl phrh tlfl numfl plrquc mçl slnls dmvcmgîvcds c, ës vczcs, prcgdshnls fc plmtls fc vdsth cxtcrmls quc plsshn mls cmrdqucgcr. Vhnjän mçl slnls pcracdtls, pcra cdtls, plrthmtl, ä prlvèvci quc glncthnls crrls c mçl scrdh icohi vlithr h rcpctd-ils.

 

 H prdncdrh pcroumth quc ahïl phrh hiouän quhmfl vcn prlgurhr tcrhpdh ä5 ’L quc acz vlgå jusghr heufh