Tank Design and Construction

Sharing Knowledge

Design g and Construction

STORAGE TANK (API 650)

Jakarta 2011 Areif Edy Kurniawan (07084)

Content • • • • •

General Function Type Code and Standard API 650 Tank

•

Design - Working Document - Main Part - Used Software - Design Calculation

•

Construction - Construction Sequence - Hydrotest g g - Painting/Coating - Boxing Up - Completely Constructed

General •

•

In the Oil & Gas industry, storage tanks are needed to store feed stocks, finished products, utilities and the reserve volumes of intermediate stocks awaiting further processing. Storage tanks are also needed to store purchased chemicals and catalysts used for processing.

Function of Storage Tank • •

•

Storage tanks are used to store large volumes of materials. Materials need to be stored in a way that prevents loss. Loss occurs if the material evaporates away, leaks, deteriorates in storage, is contaminated with something that reduces its value, or is consumed by a catastrophic fire. Storage tanks are designed to prevent loss of material and to protect people from hazardous materials.

Type of Storage Tank

Cone Roof Fixed Roof Dome Roof Non- Pressurized

Storage Tank

Low Pressure Floating Roof

Vertical Cylinder Horizontal Cylinder Pressurized Sphere Spheroid

Non-Pressurized (Low Pressure) Non-pressurized storage tanks are normally large, upright, steel cylinders varying in diameter from 30 feet to 200 feet. Their height varies from 20 to 80 feet. These tanks are classified by their roof construction. 1. Fixed-Roof Tank A fixed-roof tank has a steel plate that is permanently mounted to the top of the cylindrical shell. In some case, fixed roofs are weakly attached. In the event of severe over-pressuring or an internal explosion, this arrangement allows the roof to fail before the shell is ruptured. Two types of fixed-roof tanks are cone roof and dome roof tanks.

1.1 Fixed-Cone Roof Tank Used to store liquids whose vapor pressure are relatively low ((water,, chemical,, lubricating g oil)) otherwise nitrogen/gas g g blanketing g shall be applied on vapor space to prevent any vapor losses (usually for fuel). Divided into Self Supporting and Supported Cone Roof.

1.2 Fixed-Dome Roof Tank Used to store liquids having higher vapor pressure than store in cone roof. It is applicable pp for higher g design g p pressure up p to 0.15 kg/cm2 (2.13 psig) gauge. Mainly used for refrigerated liquid storage. This type y also mayy be used for liquids having g low vapor pressure instead of cone roof type, if the tank cost is lower.

2. Floating-Roof Tank A floating-roof tank has a roof that floats on top of the liquid stored in the tank. This arrangement greatly reduces evaporation losses because the surface of the liquid is not exposed to the atmosphere. The roof is a circular deck that closelyy fits inside the tank’s cylindrical y walls. Means are provided to give the roof buoyancy, so the roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank. This tank is used to store liquids having high vapor pressure (crude oil, gasoline, naphtha).

Pressurized

Spheroid p Cylinder (Horizontal) Sphere

Storage Classification

GPSA Engineering Data Book 12th Ed. • Above Ground - Atmospheric - Low Pressure (0 – 2.5 psig) - Medium Pressure (2 (2.5 5 – 15 psig) - High Pressure (Above 15 psig) •

Under Ground

Code and Standard Design and Construction •

API 650 , 11th Ed. Ed 2007 2007, Add2 2010 2010. Welded Tanks for Oil Storage Storage. Æ Internal Pressure approximating atmospheric (internal pressure not exceeding the weight of the roof plate). If exceed up to 2.5 psig Æ Appendix F. Æ Max design temp 200°F. If exceed up to 500°F Æ Appendix M.

•

API 620 Design g and Construction of Large, g , Welded,, Low Pressure Storage g Tank. Æ Internal Pressure 2.5 to 15 psig. Æ Max design temp 250°F.

Complement • API 651 Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Tank. • API 653 Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction. • API RP 575 Inspection of Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tank.

API 650 Tank (contents) Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 S ti 6 Section Section 7 Section 8 Section 9

----------

Scope References Definitions Material Design F b i ti Fabrication Erection Methods of Inspection Joint Welding Procedure and Welder Qualifications Section 10 -- Marking Appendix A Æ Y

API 650 Tank (Internal Pressure) Internal Pressure ?

No Basic Design

Yes

Internal Pressure exceed weight g of roof plate ?

No Basic Design

Yes

Internal Pressure Exceed 2.5 psig ? Yes Use API 620

No API 650 w/ Appendix F

--- DESIGN ---

Working Document Design Basis PID Process Data Sheet RFQ

QUOTATION

TBA

Mechanical Data Sheet MRS Standard Drawing Specification

VENDOR

PO

ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION

MASTER SCHEDULE DESIGN CALCULATION

PO

FABRICATION/DETAIL DRAWING

FINAL DOCUMENTATION

PROCEDURE

(MDR & IOM)

ITP EQUIPMENT / MANPOWER LOADING

VENDOR

Main Parts

Used Software

•

TANK COADE

•

E-Tank

Design Calculation What are the result? 1. Bottom Æ Type yp & Plate Thickness ((min 6 mm,, exclude C.A)) 2. Shell Æ Plate Thickness (min as table, include C.A) Nominal Tank Diameter Nominal Tank Diameter (m)  60

Nominal Plate Thickness Nominal Plate Thickness (mm) 5 6 8 10

3. Roof Æ Type & Plate Thickness (min 5 mm mm, include C C.A) A) Æ For Supported Roof (Girder, Rafter Æ Size & Quantity) 4. Top Angle Requirement Æ Size 5. Anchorage Requirement Æ Size and Quantity 6 Weight 6. Æ Empty and Test

Shell Thickness Calculation 1. One Foot Method Æ for diameter not more than 61 m.

2 Variable Design Point Method 2. Æ L/H ≤ 2

3. Elastic Analysis Æ L/H ≥ 2

4. Appendix A Æ for shell thickness not more than 13 mm.

--- CONSTRUCTION ---

Construction Sequence •

Material Verification and Fabrication (Marking,Cutting Rolling, Primer Painting)

SHOP

• • • • • • •

Foundation (by Civil) Asphalt Sheet/ Bituminous Sand (by Civil) Bottom Shell + Top Angle Roof Nozzle & Manway Platform, Spiral Stairway, Ladder

• • •

Hydrotest Painting/Coating Boxing Up

SITE

•

Foundation (by civil) - Type Æ Appendix B a. Earth foundations without a ringwall g b. Earth foundations with a concrete ringwall c. Earth foundations with a crushed stone & gravel ringwall d. Concrete slab

•

Asphalt Sheet / Bituminous Sand (by civil) - Function Æ cushion of bottom plate to foundation - Material

Asphalt Ready

•

Bottom - Slope Æ Flat, Sloped Upward, Sloped Downward Annular, w/o Annular - Arrangement Type Æ w/ Annular - Sequence Æ Padding, Laying, Fit Up, Welding - Inspection & NDE Æ Vacuum Box Test & RT (for annular)

Plate Arrangement ( / Annular)) (w/o

Plate Arrangement ( / Annular)) (w/

Padding

Laying

Fit Up & Welding

•

SHELL - Sequence Æ Lifting, Fit Up, Welding - Inspection I ti & NDE Æ MT/PT, Oil Leak Test, RT, Peaking, Banding, Plumbness

Plate Arrangement

Lifting-- Fit Up -- Welding

•

Top Angle Function Æ shell stiffener and roof plate support

•

Roof - Roof Support - Arrangement Plate - Sequence Æ Lifting, Fit Up, Welding - Inspection & NDE Æ MT/PT, Vacuum Box and Soap Test

Roof Support

Arrangement Plate

Lifting -- Fit Up -- Welding

Self Supporting Cone Roof Assembly Jigs -- Fit Up -- Welding -- Lifting

•

Nozzle and Manway - Sequence Æ Marking, Make a hole, Fit Up, Welding

•

Platform, Ladder, Stairway - Sequence Æ Lifting, Fit Up, Welding

H d t t Æ Painting Hydrotest P i ti Æ Boxing B i U Up

Hydrotest Water Filling

Settlement Check

IInternal t l Pressure ?

No

Yes

Full of Water + 1.25 x Design Pressure (compressed by Air)

Full of Water

Water Filling

Settlement Check - Measurement point shall be made at equally spaced intervals around the tank circumference not exceeding 10 m, minimum number shall be 8 (eight). - Checking and Holding Time

Settlement Check

Painting

Boxing Up

-- Completely Constructed --

-- Thank Th k You Y --