Taller de Tecnologia e Informatica 11

 

TECCGX DG TGK@MCMILE G L@AMXOETLKE IXEDM M@KG (55¾)

5. 

G` 8> rg`icm`gs y km` sus pecehres dgskrlhe y e`gxg ; gjgopcms dg rgdgs smklecgs y ces

dlagrg`kles g`trg gcces (pgralc usuerlms).

Ces rgdgs smklecgs sm` påil`es m ke`ecgs dg kmou`lkeklû` qu qug g mpgre` g` `lvgcgs dlvgrsms dlvgrsms cms kuecgs pmr l`tgrogdlm dg u` sltlm g` ce wgh m epclkeklû` sg pugdg bekgr u` vl`kucm smklec, prmagslm`ec, kmogrklec m eagktlvm y qug km` gcces l`tgrkeohleoms l`amroeklû` y ccgieoms oås råpldeog`tg cm qug sg qulgrg vgr, dlau`dlr m dlvucier G`trg ces rgdgs smklecgs oås km`mkldes tg`goms e aekghmmf, twlttgr g l`steireo ouy pmpucergs g` ce ektueclded pmr su ire` ekmilde pmr cms usuerlms g` l`tgr`gt Dlagrg`kles: Aekghmmf:gs ce rgd smklec smklec prgdlcgkte pmr l`tgr`eutes

km` oes usuerlms usuerlms ecrgdgdmr dg ou`dm

edgoås dg sgr u` sltlm ouy smklec dm`dg gxpm`gs tu vlde y km`mkgs y tg rgg`kug`tres km` aeolclergs m eolims teohlì` gs utlclzedm kmogrklecog`tg dm`dg goprgses m pgrsm`gs puhclke` oetgrlec pere dlau`dlrcm oeslveog`tg Twlttgr:gste rgd smklec g dgdlke e pcesoer mpl`lm`gs m aresgs dg dlstl`tmsiì`grmskmom dlstl`tmsiì`grmskmom pmcïtlke, dgpmrtg y aerå`duce. Kug`te km` oås dg ;7> olccm`gs dg usuerlms

kede og`sejg tlg`g 82>

kerektgrgs y su dlagrg`kle km` ces mtres gs håslkeog`tgg` tresoltlr mpl`lm`gs dg ig`tg l`acuyg`tg qug e suvgz tlg`g sgiuldmrgs sg iuldmrgs de`dm sus pu`tms dg vlste y ig`gre`dm tg`dg`kles pmr su km`tg`ldm L`steireo: g` gste rgd ces loåig`gs pcesoedes de` u`e lopmrte`kle au`deog`tec pere equgccms qug cgs iuste ce amtmireaïe y ces sgcals l`lklecog`tg sg krgû kmom u`e epclkeklû` dg u` tgcìam`m l`tgclig`tg soert pbm`g pgrm cugim sg km`vlrtlû g` omde y ebmre oukbes pgrsm`es cm utlclze` pere om`ter pgqugõms vldgms y omstrer su vlde kmtldle`e ec liuec qug aekghmmf gste rgd teohlì` be sgrvldm kmom pceteamroe puhclklterle dg pgrsm`es y goprgses. 8. L`vgstliug g` qug peïsgs y ces rezm`gs pmr ce kuec sg rgstrl`ig, clolte m prmbïhg` eciu`es rgdgs smklecgs.

Cms km`ste`tgs keohlms qug tlg`g gc ou`dm y cm råpldm qug ve ce tgk`mcmiïe be bgkbm qug cms peïsgs plg`sg` y tg`ie` cgygs y pmcïtlkes dg gstedm qug prmtgje` y rgiucg`, vgrlalqug` y tg`ie l`vgstliedes epclkeklm`gs bgrreolg`tes y ogdlms kmom ces rgdgs smklecgs pere qug `m eagktg` y `m `m sge` mpmsltmrgs y tg`gr gc km`trmc dg u` omdgcm dg gstedm dg oetgrlec qug ssg g dlau`dg e `lvgc ou`dlec y `m sge u` eroe pere keohler u` gstgrgmtlpm lopugstm. Cms mhståkucms pere ces rgdgs smklecgs g` gc ou`dm sm` dlvgrsms ye qug sg plg`se smcm g` cm pmcïtlkm pmcïtlkm sgrïe ce ú`lke rezû` mcms l`tgrgsgs kmogrklecgs pgrm bey teohlì` clolte`tgs clolte`tgs kmom ce l`aregstrukture dg plsgs qug gkm`ûolkeog`tg `m pmsgg` ce tgk`mcmiïe y `m pugdg` dlau`dlr dlau`dlr g` su tmteclded gstes

 

bgrreolg`tes `l rgdgs dg liuec oe`gre ces cms peïsgs qug rgstrl`ig` ces rgdgs smklecgs ce oeymrïe oeymrïe gstå g` Esle y eciu`ms peïsgs dg åarlke ^eïsgs dm`dg bey oås prgslû` e ces rgdgs smklecgs y sus km`tg`ldms:

  KMXGE DGC @MXTG   EXEHLE [EWDLTE

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GTLM^L EZGXHEL\E@

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QLGT@EO

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LXE@

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KBL@E

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O\E@OEX

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KWHE

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Ce rgceklû` dg gstms peïsgs km` ce oeymrïe g` gc ou`dm sg hese g` cms detms rgkmildms pmr ce ce eig`kle K^J y sg ougstre g` ce eusg`kle dg ogdlms ogdlms prlvedms m l`dgpg`dlg`tgs qug `m bey g` gstms peïsgs pere dlvucier m suhlr km`tg`ldm m hrl`der sltlms wghqug `m tg`ie u` clhrg trå`sltm `l rgstrlkklû` smhrg ce ireheklû` y ce dlauslû` dlauslû` dg ectgr`etlves sl` kg`sures y gdlklû` m eciu`e prgslû` e gstms ogdlms y `m sge` gdltedms pmr cms imhlgr`ms kmom cm gs bmy g` dïe g` cms peïsgs ye ye og`klm`edms. ;. G`uogrg 4 ogdldes dg sgiurlded pere gc usm dg rgdgs smklecgs

^ere tg`gr u` hug` usm dg ces rgdgs smklecgs dghg dg tg`gr g` kug`te eciu`es rgices qug eyude e gc hug` oe`gjm dg gcces y `m suarlr kmopclkeklm`gs 5. Kuldg su l`amroeklû`. Gvltg puhclker l`amroeklû` prlvede kmom su dlrgkklû`, tgcìam`m, kmrrgms, treygktmrles dg rutl`e dlerle, amtms dg ce aekbede dg su kese, dg su kerrm, g`trg mtres.

8. Dgpurg su clste dg km`tektms pgrlûdlkeog`tg. Tg`gr dgskm`mkldms g` su clste gxpm`g su sgiurlded pmrqug ustgd pmdrïe gster slg`dm om`ltmrgedm sl` dersg kug`te. k ug`te. ;. Gvltg kltes e klgies m km` pgrsm`es pmkm km`mkldes. Cms klhgrkrlol`ecgs huske` ie`ersg su km`ale`ze pere l`vltercg e g`kug`trms qug pmdrïe` tgrol`er g` rmhm, sgkugstrm m pere sekercg oås l`amroeklû`. 4. Klgrrg ce sgslû`. Kue`dm `m tg`ie tlgopm pere etg`dgr sus rgdgs smklecgs, klgrrg su sgslû` pere gvlter qug sg ce ‒sgkugstrg`“. 7. Dgsektlvg ce igm cmkeclzeklû` eutmoåtlke. ^ere qug `m restrgg` sus omvlolg`tms. Ektïvgce smcm kue`dm sge `gkgserlm.

 

1. Gvltg cms g`vïms dg kedg`es. Cms klhgr-dgcl`kug`tgs pugdg` user ces kedg`es pere g`vler og`sejgs g`ieõmsms g l`stecer oecwerg, rmher sus detms prlvedms m ldg`tlded, sgkugstrer su dlspmsltlvm m l`duklrcm ec g`ieõm. 9. Beie hug` usm dg ces km`tresgões. Wsg km`tresgões rmhustes, `m utlclkg ce olsoe pere ces rgdgs smklecgs, gc kmrrgm y ce he`ke g` cï`ge. Kåohlgces pgrlûdlkeog`tg y `m ces kmoperte km` `edlg. 4. Kuåcgs sm` cms mhjgtlvms dg ce sgiurlded l`amroåtlke, l`vgstliug 8 mrie`lzeklm`gs m goprgses prlvedes y u`e gstetec qug sg dgdlqug` e gste cehmr y kmoperg k moperg sgogje`ze sgogje`zess y dlagrg`kles g`trg gcces.

Cms edjgtlvms dg dg ce ce sgiurlded l`a l`amroåtlke mroåtlke gs ce dg prmtgigr y prgvg`lr l`km`vg`lg`tgs km` ce l`amroeklû` prlvede dg u` l`dlvldum m dg u`e mrie`lzeklû` qug tlg`g g` sus gqulpms dlspmsltlvms m gtk..Gc mhjgtlvm dg ce sgiurlded l`amroåtlke gs oe`tg`gr ce L`tgirlded, Dlspm`lhlclded, ^rlveklded, Km`trmc y Eutg`tlklded dg ce l`amroeklû` oe`gjede pmr kmoputedmre. L`amroeklû` km`tg`lde: Cms kmopm`g`tgs dgc slstgoe pgroe`gkg` l`ectgredms e og`ms qug sge` omdlalkedms pmr cms usuerlms usuerlms eutmrlzedms.Cms krltgrlms y p peråogtrms eråogtrms qug tg`ie ce mrie`lzeklû` y gstg supgrvlsedm supgrvlsedm pere gvlter qug pgrsm`es km` l`tgrgsgs l`tgrgsgs ejg`ms g l`gskrupucmsms l`gskrupucmsms sg hg`galklg` hg`galklg` dg ce l`amroeklû` y sequg` vg`teje Gs dgklr, qug gste l`amroeklû` `m beye sldm omdlalkede y qug slie slg`dm våclde. Eu`qug ce l`tgirlded gs u` mhjgtlvm gsg`klec, bey qug dgklr qug kmhre prmteim`lsom prl`klpecog`tg kue`dm rgeclzeoms ekklm`gs kmom tre`sagrg`kles he`kerles e trevìs dg ce rgd. [ehgr qug cms detms sm` ï`tgirms epmrterå ce km`ale`ze qug sg `gkgslte e ce bmre dg goprg`dgr klgrtes mpgreklm`gs qug, kmom gstes, pugdg` sgr oås sg`slhcgs dg cm behltuec. L`aregstrukture kmoputeklm`ec :gs ce g`keriede dg ce supgrvlslû` y y vlilce`kle dgc ecoekg`eolg`tm dg gqulpms y bgrreolg`tes y igstlû` dg ce l`amroeklû` vgce pmr cms rgkursms e `lvgc dg l`aregstrukture y prgvlg`g dg tmde aecce y kesms amrtultms kmom kmom dgsestrgs `eturecgs aecces aecces gcìktrlkes y rmhm y prmvgg e Cms usuerlms qug qug dghg` tg`gr dlspm`lhcgs ttmdms mdms cms kmopm`g`tgs d dgc gc slstgoe kue`dm esï cm dgsgg`. Kue`dm behceoms dg dlspm`lhlclded `ms gsteoms rgalrlg`dm e ce kepeklded e trevìs dg ce kuec k uec esgiureoms qug tmdms cms usuerlms qug tg`ie` ekkgsm ec slstgoe Wsuerlms: sg rgalgrg rgalgrg ec pgrsm`ec ecteog`tg keclalkedm

utlclze`dm

ces `mroes y ces ogdldes

`gkgserles pere gc usm usm edgkuedm edgkuedm dg ce l`aregstrukture l`aregstrukture gspgklalke`dm zm`es zm`es dg ekkgsm bmrerlms y y eutmrlzeklm`gs kceslalkedes y qug

Cms kmopm`g`tgs dgc slstgoe sge` ekkgslhcgs ekkgslhcgs sûcm pmr ccms ms

usuerlms eutmrlzedms. Ce l`tgirlded: esgiure e tmdms cms usuerlms ce mrlil`eclded dg cms detms qug sg g`kug`tre` dg`trm dgc slstgoe. Gs dgklr, qug gste l`amroeklû` `m beye sldm omdlalkede   y qug slie slg`dm våclde. Eu`qug ce l`tgirlded gs u` mhjgtlvm gsg`klec, bey qug dgklr qug kmhre prmteim`lsom prl`klpecog`tg kue`dm rgeclzeoms ekklm`gs kmom tre`sagrg`kles he`kerles e trevìs dg ce rgd. [ehgr qug cms detms sm` ï`tgirms epmrterå ce km`ale`ze qug sg `gkgslte e ce bmre dg goprg`dgr klgrtes mpgreklm`gs qug, kmom gstes, g stes, pugdg` sgr oås sg`slhcgs dg cm behltuec .

 

Ces mrie`lzeklm`gs m g`tldedgs prlvedes y gstetecgs qug prgste` prg ste` gstg sgrvlklm sm`: Edecld Kmrp [E[

Gr`gst& \mu`i (rlgsims g` tgk`mcmiïe y sgiurlded)

goprgse qug sg dgdlke e ce sgiurlded g` ce l`amroåtlke y rlgsims hrl`der trgs sgrvlklms sgiurlded l`amroåtlke[grvlklms cgiecgs cgiecgs dg ecte tgk`mcmiïe y smcuklm`gs smcuklm`gs g` l`amroåtlke amrg`sgskepeklte e pgrsm`es gxtgr`es G\: gs u`e goprgse dgdlkede e verlms v erlms keopms y u`m dg gccms g` ce sgiurlded l`amroåtlke tg`lg`dm u` pmrteamclm oås rmhustm rmhustm g` dlstl`tms keopms hrl`de e sus kclg`tgs epmym g` oerkm cgiec al`e`zes y sgiurlded l`amroåtlke gtk

7. L@QG[TLIWG y gxpclqug km` sus pecehres cms rlgsims g` cï`ge pere `lõms y edmcgskg`tgs Xlgsims pere cms `lõms y edmcgkg`tgs

Kmom ce tgk`mcmiïe gstå eve`ze`dm ouy råpldm råpldm `m gs ejg`e e qug sg prgsg`tg cms rlgsims pere ce `lõggs y ce edmcgskg`kle edmcgskg`kle ye qug km` ces epclkeklm`gs y bgrreolg`tes eces qug tlg`g` tlg`g` ekkgsm bmy g` dïe dïe y gc tlgopm qug cg dgdlke e gster km`gktedm be` gkbm qug dlstl`tes omdecldedgs dg pgrsm`es y rgdgs

qug sg dgdlke`

e oe`lpucer y tloer

km` `ugstrms og`mrgs

ye sge

gxtmrslm`å`dmcms m km`ccgvå`dmcms e pråktlkes dgskm`mkldes kmoprmogtg` ce sgiurlded dg ce pmhceklû` og`mr beklì`dmcms beklì`dmcms oås vuc`grehcgs y e qug qug cms pepes gstì` oås pg`dlg`tgs pg`dlg`tgs y rgiucg` gc hug` usm dg ce tgk`mcmiïe . Gjgopcms dg omdecldedgs dg dg l`sgiurlded e ce pmhceklû` og`mr:

             

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Xlgsims dg km`tg`ldms

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Xlgsims dg km`dukte

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Gc sgxtl`i

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Cms rgtms dg klhgrl`dukklû` ec deõm

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Xlgsims dg km`tektms

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Irmmol`i

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^blsbl`i

1. Uug gs u` vlrus l`amroåtlkm= dg gjgopcm dg ; tlpms dg vlrus aeomsms, 8 pere kmoputedmr y u`m pere dlspmsltlvm oûvlc 

QLXW[ L@AMXOETLKM: W` vlrus l`amroåtlkm gs u`

smatwerg qug tlg`g pmr edjgtlvm ectgre gc

au`klm`eolg`tm `mroec dg kuecqulgr dlspmsltlvm l`amroåtlkm sl gc pgrolsm m gc km`sg`tlolg`tm dgc usuerlm prl`klpecog`tg pere al`gs oeclklmsms. Cms Cms vlrus l`amroåtlkms tlg`g` kmom hås håslkeog`tg lkeog`tg ce au`klû` dg prmpeiersg e trevìs dg u` smatwerg ce oeymrïe d dg g dg gstms vlrus vlrus sg alctre` alctre` pmr dgskm`mklolg`tm dg cms usuerlms p pmr mr eciu`e prmomklû` m evlsm m puhcl puhclklded klded y qugde` ecmjedms g` ce ogomrle XEO g` gc kesm dg ces kmoputedmres, gc vlrus tmoe gc km`trmc dg cms cms sgrvlklms håslkms dgc slstgoe mpgretlvm km`mkldms sm`:

cugim

sg ireve g` gc dlskm durm durm eagkte`dm gc eperetm g`trg cms oes

 

           

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Trmye`m

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Bmex

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Jmfg

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Qlrus dg kmoputedmre:

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Qlrus dg hmmt

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Cmohrlkgs (wmro iuse`ms

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Zmohlg Qlrus dg dlspmsltlvms:

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[pywerg

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Xe`smowerg

       

9. GR^CLUWG G@ 8> XG@ICM@G[ qug gs u` GDWhcmi, l`vgstliug y dg ; gjgopcms, e`gxg amtms

gs u` hcmi krgedm kmom u`e bgrreolg`te qug tlg`g gc gstudle`tg kmom epmym pere su prmkgsm gduketlvms l dg eprg`dlzejgs eprg`dlzejgs

aeklclte`dm ce rgacgxlû` y gc eut eutm m kugstlm`eolg`tm pere gc eutm

eprg`dlzejg ce l`tgrektlvlded y ce vgrsetlclded dg gste eyude `ms prmvgg oukbes al`ecldedgs dm`dg gc gstudle`tg dl`eolze su prmkgsm ekedìolkm

y dgserrmcce`dm dgstrgzes

y kepekldedgs dg

hrusqugded y keohle dg oe`gre `mvgdmse gc vl`kucm dg prmagsmr y eciu`m beklg`dm km`struktlve ce pgdeimiïe dm`dg cms tgoes sg sg pugdg` dghetlr m kmog`ter huske`dm ce ogjmr rgspugste m eriuog`tm dgc tgoe edgoås `ms e eyude yude e dgserrmccer u`e ogjmr kmoprg`slû` dg cgkture y evlstm dg cgkture beklg`dm qug ce krltlke sge rgspgtede ces ld ldges ges pg`seolg`tms tgoes ssg g rgspgte` y sg bekg` då`dmcg u` `lvgc ectm g l`tgrgse`tg y slgoprg huske`dm gc ogjmr km`sgjm m ce ogjmr rgspugste qug cg pugde hrl`der ce húsqugde húsqugde dg gsg reklmkl`lm ogjmre`dm ces behlcld behlcldedgs edgs cìxlkes dg tmdm gstudle`tg cms oegstrms eyude` e qug gste bgrreolg`te ogjmrg gc `lvgc dgc gstudle`tg beklì`dmcm eutû`mom ye qug su ekmopeõeolg`tm gs gspgklec y ig`gre u` kmoprmolsm dgc gstudle`tg y bekg qug ce bgrreolg`te sge u`e eyude l`dlspg`sehcg l`dlspg`sehcg pere te`tm kmom gc eciu`m kmom pere gc dmkg`tg y amog`te amog`te ce kmou`lkeklû` cl`ióïstlke ce rgacgxlû` gc trehejm kmcehmretlvm kmcehmretlvm gc l`tgrkeohlm dg l`amroeklû` l`amroeklû` y margkg verlehcgs ec gstudle`tgs

  hcmis tre`sltlvms: slrvg kmom plzerrû` gcgktrû`lkm.   hcmis l`tgrektlvm: cm utlclze` kmom hltåkmre dg gstudlm y prmdukklû` l`dlvlduec.   hcmis kmcehmretlvm: kmom ogdlm dg l`tgrkeohlm m kmcehmreklû` g` l`amroeklû`.

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2. L@QG[TLIWG ces rezm`gs (oï`lom ;) dg puhclker rgspm`seh rgspm`sehcgog`tg cgog`tg u` hcmi.  

Ces rezm`gs qug dghg dg tg`gr u` l`dlvldum pere puhclker u` hcmi gs tg`gr slgoprg kcerm cm qug sg ve e gskrlhlr m pcesoer g` gsg hcmi edgoås dghg dg e bekgrcm e km`klg`kle y slgoprg pg`se`dm qug sus mpl`lm`gs mpl`lm`gs slgoprg sgrå` kugstlm`edes m e`eclzedes pmr pmr mtres pgrsm`es qug pugdg` dlskrgper m eyuder e eclog`ter u`e ldge. Cms omtlvms prlomrdlecgs m rezm`gs sm`:

  ^cesoer u`e ldge   Krger u`e oerke pgrsm`ec   Xgklhlr m suol`lstrer l`amroeklû` dg u`e amroe råplde y galkez

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> fh (gstm cm pmdrås km`sucter g` ces prmplgdedgs dg tu loeig`, kclk dgrgkbm y g` ce pertg l`agrlmr der kclk g` ce mpklû` ^rmplgdedgs). 8.  Kulde cms erkblvms g` amroetm ^DA: cm rgkmog`dehcg gs kmoprlolrcms ec og`mr og `mr teoeõm pmslhcg, `m bey u` oï`lom ye qug dgpg`dg dgc teoeõm dgc erkblvm. Kulde ce keclded dgc dmkuog`tm. ;.  Gvlte vïdgms pgsedms: prmkure qug sge` cm oås cligrms pmslhcgs kulde`dm ce keclded g` loeig` y eudlm.

  Dlsgõm etrektlvm 

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Gs u`m dg cms pu`tms oås lopmrte`tgs pere tu sltlm wgh, ye qug gc dlsgõm gs gc rgacgjm dg ce loeig` dg tu goprgse. Kulde qug cms kmcmrgs epclkedms sge` cms kmrrgktms y qug rgacgjg` ce gsg`kle dg tu goprgse. Edgoås ce tlpmireaïe gs ouy lopmrte`tg ye qug dghgs sgr cgilhcg.

 

Xgkugrde: –W` hug` dlsgõm ig`gre km`ale`ze, sgrlgded y ouy hug`e loprgslû`‟.

  L`amroeklû` dg km`tektm vlslhcg 

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Gs ouy lopmrte`tg qug tus ogdlms dg km`tektm gstì` slgoprg e ce vlste dgc usuerlm, cm rgkmog`dehcg gs qug epergzke` g` ce pertg supgrlmr g l`agrlmr  dg ce påil`e. [l keohlestg dg `úogrm, kmrrgm gcgktrû`lkm m rgdgs smklecgs l`ogdleteog`tg rgeclze gc keohlm e tu sltlm wgh.

  Edeptehcg e tmdms cms dlspmsltlvms oûvlcgs 

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G` ce `ugve gre dliltec, cms usuerlms rgeclze` sus húsqugdes ogdle`tg u` tgcìam`m oûvlc m tehcgt pmr cm qug gs ouy lopmrte`tg qug cms sltlms wgh sg edeptg` ec teoeõm y mrlg`teklû` dg ce pe`tecce g` u` l`ste`tg. E gstm sg cg dg`mol`e sltlm wgh rgspm`slvm m rgspm`slvg dgsl`i g` l`icìs. Ces påil`es wgh sm` cms dmkuog`tms l`dlvlduecgs qug km`amroe` u` sltlm wgh . ^ugdg ekkgdgrsg e gcces e trevìs dg ce –Ymrcd Yldg Ygh‟ pmr ogdlm dg u` `evgiedmr (prmireoes gspgkïalkms pere ekkgdgr e ce olsoe). [g dlagrg`kle dg u` sltlm wgh, ye qug gc olsom gstå km`stltuldm pmr dlvgrses påil`es.

  Dgserrmccm wgh

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Dlsgõm wgh Mptlolzeklû` Ecmjeolg`tm wgd ^eil`es gstetlkes y dl`eolkes ^rlveklded ^eil`es prl`klpec bmog ^uhclklded y dlauklm` [ltlms l`amroetlvms L`tgreklm` ec usuerlm

5>. L@QG[TLIWG \ GR^CLUWG quì gs y kûom sg use cms areogs AXEOG[:

Cms areogs gs u` gcgog`tm l`pcgog`tedm pere dlvldlr dlvldlr ce pe`tecce g` herles sudpetecces sudpetecces l`dgpg`dlg`tgs gs dgklr cms areogs sg trete dg dg vg`te`es l`kmrpmredes g` u`e olsoe peil`e y qug `ms pgroltg dlstrlhulr dlstrlhulr ce l`amroeklû` dg amroe eilc y mrie`lzede y mpgre`dm mpgre`dm kede u`e dg gcces l`dgpg`dlg`tgs y `m tg`lg`dm clogtg dgc km`tg`ldm dg kede k ede dlvlslû`

  Kmom mpgre`: W`e påil`e kmopugste km` areogs sg kmopm`g dg u` erkblvm prl`klpec, km`

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ce dgal`lklû` dg cms areogs m oerkms qug ve e tg`gr, y te`tes påil`es m erkblvms BTOC kmom oerkms veye e tg`gr. Ce påil`e prl`klpec gs u`e påil`e g` BTOC, g` ce qug ce gtlqugte 3hmdy0 ... 3/hmdy0 gs sustltulde pmr ce gtlqugte 3areogsgt0 ... 3/areogsgt0. Dg`trm dg ce gtlqugte areogsgt sg l`sgrte` ces gtlqugtes 3areog srk?"rute]dg]ce]påil`e"/0. Kede gtlqugte areog dghg kml`kldlr km` u`e pertlklû` dg ce påil`e, y gc etrlhutm srk tlg`g ce rute ec erkblvm btoc qug lrå g` gse pertg dg ce påil`e. Cms erkblvms btoc pugdg` sgr te`tm l`tgr`ms (dgc prmplm sltlm wgh), kmom gxtgr`ms (dg mtrms sltlms wgh).

 

^ere bekgr ce pertlklû` dg ce påil`e, ce gtlqugte areogsgt dghg ccgver gc etrlhutm kmcs (kmcuo`es) m rmws (alces), pere pertlr ce påil`e g` verles kmcuo`es m g` verles alces. Ce gtlqugte areogsgt smcm edoltg u`m dg gstms dms etrlhutms, pmr cm qug dghgoms dgkldlr kûom bekgr ce pertlklû` prl`klpec dg ce påil`e, sl g` alces m kmcuo`es. [l qugrgoms pm`gr alces y kmcuo`es e ce vgz cm bergoms e`lde`dm gtlqugtes areogsgt Gc `úogrm dg alces (m dg kmcuo`es) y gc g c gspeklm qug ve` e mkuper, cm l`dlkergoms g` g gcc vecmr dgc etrlhutm rmws (m kmcs), l`dlke`dm gc gspeklm mkupedm pmr kede u`e dg gcces, sgperedms pmr kmoes, gjgopcm: 3areogsgt rmws?"8>%,17%,57%"0 Gste sgrïe u`e påil`e pertlde bmrlzm`tecog`tg g` trgs pertgs, ce prlogre km` u` 8>% dg ce pe`tecce, ce sgiu`de km` u` 17%, y ce tgrkgre km` u` 57%. Edgoes dg g` te`tms pmr klg`tm ces ogdldes dg cms areogs pugdg` gxprgsersg g` pïxgcgs, pere gccm sûcm bey qug gskrlhlr gc `úogrm dg pïxgcgs (sl` "px" dgtrås). Teohlì` pmdgoms dgjer u`e kmcuo`e m alce sl` dgal`lr gc teoeõm, pere qug mkupg tmdm gc rgstm dg ce pe`tecce qug `m mkupe` ces dgoås, g` gsg kesm, g` cuier dg pmrkg`tejg m `úogrm gskrlhloms u` estgrlskm ( * ). Gjgopcm: 3areogsgt kmcs?"8>>,*,8>>"0 Gstg gjgopcm l`dlke u`e pertlklû` km` dms kmcuo`es e dgrgkbe g lzqulgrde dg 8>>px kede u`e, y u`e kmcuo`e kg`trec qug mkupe gc rgstm dg ce påil`e. 55. Krgg u`e oekrm g` Gxkgc pesm e pesm y gxpclqug km` loåig`gs y sus pecehres pere qug slrvg gse oekrm

Xgeclkg u`e oekrm sg`klcce qug pgroltg gskmigr u` re`im dg keslcces gspgklalkm g` dm`dg sg dghe` hmrrer ce l`amroeklû` gste au`klû` pugdg sgr útlc pere hmrrer l`amroeklû` dg amroucerlms m tehces dg detms qug sg usg` kmom k mom pce`tlcces.

 

  58. L`vgstliug y dg 8 gjgopcms dg epclkeklm`gs tlpm bmje dg kåckucm dg CLHXG usm m iretls, smpmrte` gc usm dg oekrms= gxpclqug

  Zmbm [bggt

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Gs u`e bmje dg kåckucm m` cl`g pgroltg krger, gdlter y kmopertlr bmjes dg kåckucm, edgoås g` tlgopm rgec. ^ugdg trehejer km` ire` ke`tlded dg detms, au`klm`gs, aûrouces y iråalkms. Gs u`e epclkeklû` dg ire` prmduktlvlded qug pgroltg ce kmcehmreklû` g`trg dlagrg`tgs usuerlms. ^ere gopgzer dg amroe råplde km` gstg prmireoe pugdgs lopmrter bmjes dg kåckucm Gxkgc qug ye tg`ies. Teohlì` pgroltg pgroltg gxpmrter bmjes dg kåckucm e verlms amroetms. G`trg sus utlcldedgs gstå`: Eutmalctrm, amroetm km`dlklm`ec, Iråalkms, Tehces Dl`åolkes, Oekrms.

  Tbl`fArgg

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Gc sgrvlklm Tbl`fArgg M`cl`g prmpmrklm`e u` pequgtg Maalkg Ygh iretultm dg 5 IH dg ecoekg`eolg`tm g` cï`ge. ^ugdg utlclzer ire` verlgded dg dlspmsltlvms pere ekkgdgr y igstlm`er aåklcog`tg cms dmkuog`tms ecoekg`edms. Margkg utlcldedgs te`tm pere gdlter sg`klcces y pgqugões pgqugões bmjes dg kåckucm kmom pere pmdgr krger bmjes dg kåckucm eve`zedes. Tg`lg`dm ce oeymrïe dg ces kerektgrïstlkes qug treg` gc rgstm dg prmireoes dgskrltms y qug sm` dg gspgrer g spgrer g` u`e epclkeklû` dg bmjes gcgktrû`lkes