Taller de Ica y Reteica

 

PBCCNX @N MKB ] XNPNMKB

C^M[B OBXMB BKD[PB H^MCN[ GNII] OBXKNCB M[BWB IBUMB

[NXUMKMD IBKMDIBC @N BZXNI@MWBGN [NIB KNIPXD BLXDZNK^BXMD @N H^LB

EBHMD F^OHNXPD ODI@XBLDI LBXKMB MOZ^N[PD[

PNKIDCDLMB NI KDIPBHMCM@B@ ] EMIBIWB[ EMKFB7 2>:;8=<

L^B@BCBGBXB @N H^LB  BLD[PD 8:26 8:26

 

2. ^ib noprnsb uhmkb`b ni cb kmu`b` `n Hulb y kuyb bktmvm`b` prmikmpbc ns nc –kdonrkmd bc pdr obydr `n prni`bs `n vnstmr‟ kû`mld7(0;08) (0.2 x omc), vni`n ni nc on `n guimd `n 8:26 b cbs smlumnitns noprnsbs7

2.2 Cb Burdrb Ct` Ct`b1 b1 nstâ uhmkb uhmkb`b `b ni cb kmu`b` `n Hulb pdr vbcd vbcdrr `n $8:.;>:.::: b krí`mtd  

Unitb 

 

MUB 2=%  3;.655.>::9

 

PDPBC 

 

38:.;>:.:::9

80.825.>::

>:6.: Xntneunitn 8.>%  >: Xntnmkb 0.2 x 2:::  

6;.0;>

 PDPBC B ZBLBX  

8;.580.;2

  Kdstd `n vnitb 

30.80>.:::9

@N@^KKMDIN[ @N@^KKMDIN[

2.8 Cb Nstbikmb [.B.[1 ^hmkb`b ni c kmu`b` ` `n n [bi Zn`rd, pdr $2>.:::.:::, `n kditb`d.

 

 

Unitb 

32>.:::.:::9

MUB 2=% 

38.6>:.:::9

[^HPDPBC  [^HPDPBC  Xntneunitn 8.>%  PDPBC B ZBLBX  

 

Kdstd `n vnitb 

2:.::: 

3;.:::9

@N@^KKMDIN[

2::.:::9

2.; Cb Obrmb Ct`b, n ni i cb kmu`b` `n Hulb pdr $0.>::.::: `n kditb`d.

 

Unitb 

3 0.>::.:::9

MUB 2=%  36>>.:::9

 

[^HPDPBC

Xntneunitn 8.>% Xntnmkb 0.2x 2:::  

3228.>::9 326.0>:9

5.;>>.:::

@N@^KKMDIN[

PDPBC B

ZBLBX    5.880.:>:

Kdstd `n vnitb 

3;.2>:.:::9

I÷onrd `n kunitb

Idohrn `n cb kunitb

@nhn

2;>>2> 2;>>26

Xntneunitn Xntnmkb

==5.8>: 2:2.66>

80:6 02;> 2;:> 22:> 52;> 20;>

MUB Kdonrkmd bc pdr onidr y obydr Kcmnitns Kbgb Kdstd `n vnitb Onrkbikmbs id ebhrmkb`bs pdr cb N. [^OB[ ML^BCN[

Fbhnr  

:: ;=.6>:.::: 8;.580.;2> 88.5==.:>: 8.::: .;25.>::

8.::: .;25.>::

8. Cb nopr noprnsb nsbns7 nc –Kdonrkmd ^imv ^imvnrsd nrsd [. [.B kdi Imt7 6=:. 6=:.=82 =82.0> .0>5-= 5-=tnxtmcns, y kuyb prd`uktds bktmv bktmvm`b m`b` ` nkdiûomkb bcBpdr obydr `n prd`uktds kd kdie ienk nkkm kmdib dib`d `ds s pb pbrb rb usd `d `doí oíst stmk mkd‟ d‟ dht dhtmn mnin in `u `urbi rbitn tn nc 8: 8:2< 2< cd cds s smlumnitns milrnsds7

Milrnsds dpnrbkmdibcns

$:.:::.::: 

Milrnsds pdr nxpdrtbkmdins

$;::.:::.::: 

Milrnsds pdr vnitbs `n bktmvds

$>:.:::.::: 

Onids7 @nvdcukmdins ni vnitbs

$>.:::.::: 

 

Kbckucbr nc Mkb `nc bòd snl÷i cb tbrmeb qun bpbrnkn ni nc bkunr`d ouimkmpbc :66 `n 8:2< y nc mopunstd `n bvmsds y tbhcnrds `nc 2>%.

Milrnsds dpnrbkmdins 

$:.:::.:::

Milrnsds pdr nxpdrtbkmdins (+) 

$;::.:::.:::

Milrnsds pdr vnitbs `n bktmvds (+)  

$>:.:::.:::

PDPBC @N MILXN[D[  

@nvdcukmdins ni vnitbs (-) MILXN[D[ INPD[ (-)  

Milrnsds pdr nxpdrtbkmdins (-)  

 

Milrnsds pdr vnitbs `n bktmvds (-) 

   

Milrnsds `n cb hbsn `nc MKB  PBXMEB @NC MKB 0.2 V 2:::   ?

 

Mopunstds `n Bvmsds y tbhcnrds 2>% (+) 

 

PDPBC MKB

$2.2::.:::.::: $>.:::.::: $2.:=>.:::.::: $;::.:::.::: $>:.:::.::: $.:::.::::   V $.:::.:::: $;.:>0.>:: $0>6.2 $;.>28.5

I÷onrd `n kunitb

Idohrn `n cb kunitb

@nhn

>22> 8028

Mopunstd Mkb

;.>28.5

Fbhnr  

;.>28.5

;. Cb no noprn prnsb sb cb Kb Kbi` i`nc ncbr brmb mb [.B, [.B, uh uhmk mkb` b`b b ni Hul Hulb b rnbc rnbcmz mzb b cb cbs s sm smlu lumn mnit itns ns dpnr dp nrbk bkmd mdins ins ni nc on ons s ob obyd yd `n 8:2 8:26. 6. Kd Kdi i cb cbs s sm smlu lumn mnit itns ns nopr noprns nsbs bs uhmkb`bs ni Hulb-Ubccn.   ;.2 Cb noprnsb tnkid tnkidcdlïbs cdlïbs Ct` Ct`b7 b7 $ Kdoprb `n kdoputb`drns y prdlrbo prdlrbobs bs `n miedroâtmkb pdr vbcdr `n $;.;>:.:::: b krí`mtd

 

Kdoprb

$;.;>:.:::

MUB2=% 

$5;5.>::

[^HPDPBC

 

Xntneunitn 8.>% (-) 

   

Xntnmkb (-)  PDPBC B ZBLBX

$;.=65.>:: 

$6;.: $2;. $;.66=.:2>  

ZXDUNN@DXN[

;. ;.8 8 Cb no nopr prns nsb b Cb Ob Obrm rmb b [.B. [.B.[ [1 Cb kd kdo opr prb b ob obqu qumi mibr brmb mb y nq nqum umpd pds s blrdpnkubrmds pdr vbcdr `n $8.>::.::: krn`mtd.

Kdoprb 

$8.>::.:::

MUB 2=% [^HPDPBC

$0.::: $8.=.::: 

Xntneunitn 8.>% (-) 

$58.>::

Xntnmkb 0.2 x2::: (-) 

$2:.8>:

PDPBC B ZBLBX

$8.=:8.8>:  

ZXDUNN@DXN[

;. ;.; ; No Noprn prnsb sb cb Gu Gucmcmb b Ct`b Ct`b11 ob obtn tnrm rmbc bcns ns `n kd kdist istruk rukkm kmûi ûi y brt brtïk ïkuc ucds ds `n enrrntnrïb pdr vbcdr `n $>.:5:.::: kdi kfnqun.

 

Kdoprb

$>.:5:.:::

 

MUB2=% 

$=52.0::

 

[^HPDPBC

 

Xntneunitn 8.>% (-) 

 

Xntnmkb (-)

 

PDPBC B ZBLBX

$5.:82.0::: 

$285.>:: $8:..60

 

I÷onrd `n kunitb 8;56 8;5> 20;> 88:> 80:6 2>86 >2>: 222:

Idohrn `n cb kunitb Xntnmkb Xntneunitn Onrkbikïbs id ebhrmkb`bs pdr cb N. Zrdvnn`drns MUB Nqumpd `n kûoputd y kdouimkbkmdins B`nkubkmdi n Mistbcbkmdins Hbikds [^OB[ ML^BCN[

@nhn

Fbhnr   00.:: >.:5:.::: 28.=68.=: :

>.60 28.=68.=::

0. ´Ruí n ns s nc mo mopunstd punstd `n bvms bvmsds ds y tbh tbhcnrds cnrds y kuâc n ns s su tb tbrmeb4 rmeb4

MOZ^N[PD @N BUM[D[ ] P PBHCNXD[ BHCNXD[ Kdopcnonitb Kdopc nonitbrmd rmd bc Mopunstd `n Mi`ust Mi`ustrmb rmb y Kdonrk Kdonrkmd, md, nstn trmhut trmhutd d `npbrt `npbrtbonitb bonitbcc ns uid `n cds oâs kdouins `nitrd `nc tnrrmtdrmd ibkmdibc. Bquï nikditrbrâs bcld `n miedrobkmûi bc rnspnktd `n su smtubkmûi ni Hdldtâ. 

Fnkfd lninrb`dr7 cb kdcdkbkmûi `n vbccbs, bvmsds, tbhcnrds y nohcnobs ni cb vï vïb b p÷ p÷hc hcmk mkb, b, cu culb lbrns rns p÷ p÷hc hcmk mkds ds d prmv prmvb` b`ds ds qu qun n sn snbi bi vm vmsm smhc hcns ns `n `ns`n s`n nc nspbkmd p÷hcmkd, bsï kdod cb kdcdkbkmûi `n bvmsds ni kubcqumnr kcbsn `n vnfïkucds.

  Nc nsp nspbkm bkmd d p÷ p÷hc hcmk mkd d sn ni nitm tmni ni`n `n kd kdod od nc kd kdig igui uitd td `n mi miou ounh nhcn cns s p÷ p÷hc hcmk mkds ds y ncnonitds brqumtnktûimkds y ibturbcns `n cds miounhcns prmvb`ds, `nstmib`ds pdr  su ibt ibturb urbcn cnzb, zb, usd d benkt benktbk bkmû i, cb sbt sbtms mseb ebkk kkmû mûi i `n in inkn knsm sm`b `b`ns `ns urhb ur`n hbibs ibs kdcnktmvbs, qun trbskmni`ni bsïmûi, cds bcïomtns `n cds mitnrnsns mi`mvm`ubcns cds fbhmtbitns. @nhm`d b cd bitnrmdr, ns ebktmhcn kdikcumr qun pbrb `ntnromibr sm sn kbusb d id nc fnkfd lninrb`dr, fby qun fbknr uib rnvmsmûi pbrtmkucbr `n kb`b uid `n cds miounhcns qun pun`bi vnrsn mivdcukrb`ds. Ubcn onikmdibr qun cds knitrds kdonrkmbcns, bc snr culbrns bhmnrtds bc p÷hcmkd y lninrbr pdr tbitd ui nspbkmd `n usd kdcnktmvd y id sdcd kdi emins kdonrkmbcns, b`qumnrni cb kbcm`b` `n culbrns p÷hcmkds.



[ugntd pbsmvd7  pbsmvd7  cds kditrmhuynitns `nc Mopunstd `n Mi`ustrmb y Kdonrkmd qun kbusni nc fnkfd lninrb`dr yb onikmdib`d.

 



Hbsn lrbvbhcn7 nc lrbvbhcn7 nc ruhrd `n mopunstd b kbrld `nitrd `n cb `npurbkmûi `nc Mopunstd `n Mi`ustrmb y Kdonrkmd.



 emgb `nc 2>% sdhrn cb hbsn lrbvbhcn. Pbrmeb7 emgb Pbrmeb7

>. ´Zd ´Zdrr quí rbz rbzûi ûi cbs bktmv bktmvm`b m`b`ns `ns prmo prmobrm brmbs bs nstâi nxn nxnitb itbs s `nc mopuns mopunstd td `n mi`ustrmb y kdonrkmd (MKB)4 Cb pr prd` d`ukk ukkmû mûi i prm prmob obrm rmb, b, bl blrï rïkd kdcb cb,, lb lbib` ib`nr nrb b y bvïk bvïkdc dcb b sm smi i qun sn mi mikc kcuy uybi bi cb ebhrmkbkmûi `n prd`uktds bcmonitmkmds d `n td`b mi`ustrmb `di`n fbyb ui prdknsd `n trbisedrobkmûi, pdr ncnonitbc qun ístn snb.

@nhno @nhn ods pd pdrr tbit tbitd d pr prnk nkms msbr br cd qu qun n sn ni nittmn mni i`n pd pdrr bk bkttmv mvmm`b` `b` pr prmo mobr brmb mb pbrtmkucbronitn bktmvm`b` prmobrmb blrdpnkubrmb, pbrb kdi hbsn ni nccb `ncmomtbr cb rnstrmkkmûi `b`b ni cds onikmdib`ds bpbrtns idrobtmvds qun nstbhcnkni cb id sugnkmûi.

Cbs bktmvm`b`ns nkdiûomkbs sn nikunitrbi drlbimzb`bs pdr hcdquns d lrupds kdiedron b cds smlumnitns krmtnrmds7

BKPMUM@B@N[ ZXMOBXMB[7 ZXMOBXMB[7 [di bqunccbs ni cbs kubcns cb nxpcdtbkmûi nkdiûomkb sn `nrmvb `n cb tdob `mrnktb `n cb rmqunzb `nc nitdrid ibturbc, kdod sdi cbs bktmvm`b`ns blrdpnkubrmb, pnskb, kbzb y ominrïb. Kdrrnspdi`ni ni cb Kcbsmemkbkmûi Mi`ustrmbc Mitnribkmdibc ^imedron b`bptb`b pbrb Kdcdohmb - KMM^ Xnvmsmûi ;B b cds Kû`mlds `n Bktmvm`b` nikbhnzb`ds kdi cds i÷onrds 2 b 20, sbcvd bcluibs qun kdrrnspdi`n b snrvmkmds kdopcnonitbrmds. Nstds Kû`mlds bpbrnkni b`dptb`ds kdi nc @nkrntd Ibkmdibc >5 `nc 8; `n ninrd `n 2==6 bktubcmzb`d pdr cb Xnsdcukmûi ;:: `nc 2; `n obyd `n 8::> `nc @npbrtboni @npbrtbonitd td B`omimstr B`omimstrbtmvd btmvd Lninrbc `n Nstb` Nstb`ïstmk ïstmkb b @BIN @B IN,, pn pnrd rd pdr rbz rbzûi ûi `n su nxkc nxkcus usmû mûi i rns rnspn pnkt ktd d `n `ncc mo mopu punst nstd d `n mi mi`us `ustr trmb mb y kdonrkmd, bcluibs `n nccbs id bpbrnkni ni cb Xnsdcukmûi 82= `n 8::0 `n cb [nkrntbrïb `n Fbkmni`b.

Nc blnitn nkdiûomkd d kditrmhuynitn `nhnrâ nstbhcnknr ni tbc kbsd sm cds milrnsds cds `nrmvbi `n cb krmbizb, cnvbitn y vnitb `nc lbib`d d cds `nrmvb `n cb kdoprb y vnitb `nc omsod. Ni nc prmonr kbsd cds milrnsds tmnini nc trbtbomnitd trmhutbrmd kdod kdo d bk bktm tmvm vm`b `b` ` prmo prmobr brmb mb bl blrdp rdpnk nkubr ubrmb, mb, nx nxkc kcum um`b `b `n `ncc mopu mopunst nstd d `n mi mi`us `ustr trmb mb y kdonrkmd omnitrbs qun ni nc snlui`d kdod bktmvm`b` tnrkmbrmb `n ïi`dcn kdonrkmbc.

 

5. Cbs prden prdensmdins smdins cmcmhnrbcn hnrbcns s (Kditb`u (Kditb`urïb, rïb, @nrn @nrnkfd, kfd, miln milnimnrïb imnrïbs, s, On`mk On`mkmib mib nitrn dtrb.) ngnrkm`bs pdr pnrsdibs ibturbcns, nstâi nxnitbs `nc mopunstd `nc MKB.

Cbs prdensmdins cmhnrbcns sdi bqunccbs ni cbs kubcns sn rnbcmzbi bktmvm`b`ns `di`n prn`domib nc ngnrkmkmd mitncnktubc, sdi rnlucb`bs pdr nc Nstb`d y `nsbrrdccb`bs pdr  cbs pnrsdibs ibturbcns qun fbybi dhtnim`d tïtucd bkb`íomkd `n n`ukbkmûi supnrmdr  ni mi mist stmt mtuk ukmd mdin ins s bu butd tdrm rmzb zb`b `bs1 s1 cb prns prnstb tbkm kmûi ûi `n sn snrv rvmk mkmd mds s mi mifn fnrn rnit itns ns b cb cbs s prdensmdins prdens mdins cmhnrbc cmhnrbcns ns ns ui bktd id onrkbit onrkbitmcmc kdiedron cd snòbcb nc iuonrbc > `nc brtïkucd 8; `nc Kû`mld `n Kdonrkmd, pdr kdismlumnitn cb bktmvm`b` id ns kdonrkmbc. Cb prn prnst stbk bkmû mûi i `n snr snrvm vmkm kmds ds pr prde dens nsmd mdib ibcn cns s ni ed edrob rob `m `mrnk rnktb tb pd pdrr pb pbrt rtn n `n cb cbs s pnrsdibs ibturbcns, pun`ni nstbr sugntbs bc mopunstd `n mi`ustrmb y kdonrkmd, `npni`mni`d cb gurms`mkkmûi (ouimkmpmd d `mstrmtd) `di`n sn prnstn1 ni nc kbsd `n Hdldtâ sn `nhn tninr ni kunitb nc @nkrntd @mstrmtbc ;>8 `n 8::8. Kdiedron b cb cny qun bpcmkb pbrb cbs nitm`b`ns tnrrmtdrmbcns, sn pun`n bidtbr qun nc ngnrkmkmd `n cbs prdensmdins cmhnrbcns pdr pbrtn `n cbs pnrsdibs ibturbcns id kdiemlurbi nc fnkfd lninrb`dr `nc mopunstd `n mi`ustrmb y kdonrkmd, ns `nkmr cb bktmvm`b` id nstâ sugntb bc kmtb`d mopunstd smnoprn qun id sn rnbcmkn b trbvís sdkmn sdk mn`b `b`ns `ns rnl rnluc ucbr brns ns d `n fn fnkf kfd d y pd pdrr kd kdism ismlu lumn mnit itn n cb dpn dpnrb rbkm kmûi ûi id nstb nstbrâ râ sdontm`b b rntnikmûi ni cb eunitn b tïtucd `n MKB, im nc prdensmdibc tni`râ cb dhcmlbkmûi `n prnsnitbr cb rnspnktmvb `nkcbrbkmûi trmhutbrmb.

Ns pnrtminitn rnsbctbr rnsbctbr qun cds bkunr`d bkunr`ds s ouimk ouimkmpbcns mpbcns `nhnrâi trbtbr nc ngnrkm ngnrkmkmd kmd `n cbs prdensmdins cmhnrbcns kdod bktmvm`b`ns id sugntbs bc mopunstd `n mi`ustrmb y kdonrkmd, tnimni`d ni kunitb cd snòbcb`d ni cb idrob supnrmdr.

  .