Taller 2
July 2, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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XILUHTZL@G@ @LZPTLPGC ETGIJLZJA MAZÌ @H JGC@GZ EGJXCPG@ @H LIKHILHTÆG - ^TA\HJPA JXTTLJXCGT KHZPLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ @H LIKHILHTÆG HUGCXGJLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ PGCCHT 4 FGT]A >8 @H 4>47 Zacujlúi Pgcchr 4 Cg`y Ulvlgig Taza 4>4>4754 Muclg Hchig Kutlìrrhz 4>4>4784
praplhtg tgrl rlaa `h ui h`lelj h`leljla la `h gpgrtg gpgrtgfh fhit itas as rh rhjl jldh dh $8 $8>> >> flcca flccaih ihss gc g÷a pa par r 7. Hc praplh jaijhpta `h grrhi`gflhitas. Cas kgstas `h aphrgjlúi y fgithilflhita sai `h $4>> flccaihs giugchs. Cg vl`g ýtlc quh ch quh`g gc h`leljla hs `h shls g÷as, gc eligc `h cas jugchs hc h`leljla pa`rç vhi`hrsh hi $5>> flccaihs. Hc h`leljla yg euh `hprhjlg`a hi su tatgcl`g` y hc lfpuhsta g cg rhitg y cgs kgigijlgs hxtrgar`ligrlgs hs `hc :>%. Zh hstu`lg hc prayhjta `h jaivhrtlr hc h`leljla hi ui jafpchma `h aeljligs quh khihrgrç likrhsas giugchs par $> flccaihs y jastas giugchs `h aphrgjlúi y fgithilflhita `h $:>> flccaihs. ^grg hcca, sh `hdhi livhrtlr $78> flccaihs hi cg rhfa`hcgjlúi `hc h`leljla, prajhsa quh ui g÷a. Hc tatgc cgs fhmargs phrfltlrç puh`h `hprhjlgrsh jlija g÷as cæihg rhjtg,tafgrç sli vgcar rhsl`ugc. Cg `h rhfa`hcgjlúi utlclzgr hchih`leljla par jlija g÷as gc eligc `h cas jugchs pa`rç vhi`hrsh hi $;>> flccaihs. ^rhshith cas ecumas `h eai`as sli prayhjta, jai prayhjta h lijrhfhitgc. ZLP ZLPXG XGJL JL I ZLI ^TA\HJP ^TA\HJPA A LPHF Likrhsas par grrhi`gflhitas `h gptas Kgstas `h aphrgjlúi y fgithilflhita Ecuma `h Eai`as giths `h lfpuhstas
Lfpuhstas :>% Ecuma `h eai`as `hspuhs `h lfpuhstas.
7
$ -$ $ $ $
8>>.>>>.>>> 4>>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> .>>>.>>> 47>.>>>.>>>
4
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8>>.>>>.>>> 4>>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> .>>>.>>> 47>.>>>.>>>
:
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0
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8
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8>>.>>>.>>> 4>>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> .>>>.>>> 47>.>>>.>>>
$ 47>.>>>.>>> $ 47>.>>>.>>> $ 47>.>>>.>>> $ 47>.>>>.>>> $
47>.>>>.>>>
Likrhsas par vhitgs `h gjtlvas (H`leljla) Lfpuhstas par kgigijlg vhitg gjtlva :>% Ecuma `h eai`as ihtas
ZLPXGJLÚI JAI ^TA\HJPA Likrhsas par grrhi`gflhitas `h gptas Kgstas `h aphrgjlúi y fgithilflhita Likrhsas par grrhi`gflhita `h aeljligs Jastas giugchs `h ap y fgithilflhita Kgstas `h `hprhjlgjlúi
$ -$ -$ $ -$ $ $
Ecuma `h eai`as giths `h lfpuhstas
Lfpuhstas :>% Ecuma `h eai`as `hspuhs `h lfpuhstas.
Fgs `hprhjlgjlúi Fhias jastas `h rhfa`hcgjlúi Likrhsas par vhitgs `h gjtlvas (H`leljla) Lfpuhstas par vhitg `h gjtlvas (H`leljla) Ecuma `h eai`as ihtas
>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>> 8;>.>>>.>>> 7;7.>>>.>>> :>.>>> :>.>>>.>>>
$ -$ -$ $ -$ $ $
>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>> 8;>.>>>.>>> 7;7.>>>.>>> ;07.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>>
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>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>> 8;>.>>>.>>> 7;7.>>>.>>> ;07.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>>
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>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>> 8;>.>>>.>>> 7;7.>>>.>>> ;07.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>>
$ 04>>.>>> $ ;;7.>>>.>>> $ ;;7.>>>.>>> $
;;7.>>>.>>>
-$ 78>.>>>.>>>
-$ 78>.>>>.>>>
7 hmhrjljlas tafg`as `hc cldra Eui`gfhitas `h jaitgdlcl`g` pgrg praehslaigchs ia jaitg`arhs, Jgrrlcca `h Tamgs, Kcg`ys
XILUHTZL@G@ @LZPTLPGC ETGIJLZJA MAZÌ @H JGC@GZ EGJXCPG@ @H LIKHILHTÆG - ^TA\HJPA JXTTLJXCGT KHZPLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ @H LIKHILHTÆG HUGCXGJLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ PGCCHT 4 FGT]A >8 @H 4>47 ECXMA ^XTA @HC ^TA\HJPA
Likrhsas par grrhi`g flh itas `h gptas Kgstas `h aphrg jlúi y fgithilflhita Likrhsas par grrhi`g flh ita `h aeljligs Jastas giugchs `h ap y fgithilflhita Kgstas `h `hprh jlg jlúi Ecuma `h eai`as giths `h lfpuhstas Lfpuhstas :>% Ecu Ecuma ma `h eai`as `hspuhs `h lfpuhstas.
-$ $ $ $ $ -$
Fg s `hprh jlgjlúi Fh ias jas tas `h rhfa`hcgj lúi Likrhsas par vhitgs `h gjtlvas (H`leljla) Lfpuhstas par vhitg `h gjtlvas (H`leljla) Ecuma `h eai`as ihtas
8>>.>>>.>>> 4>>.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>>
-$ $ -$
-$ $ $ -$ -$ $ -$ :>>.>>>.>>> $ $ 78>.>>>.>>>
8>>.>>>.>>> 4>>.>>>.>>> >.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>> 4;>.>>>.>>> 27.>>>.>>> 72>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>>
-$ $ $ -$ -$ $ -$ $ $
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8>>.>>>.>>> 4>>.>>>.>>> >.>>>.>>> :>>.>>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>> 4;>.>>>.>>> 27.>>>.>>> 72>>.>>> :>.>>>.>>>
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4. Xi prayhjta rhqulhrh ui faita `h livhrslúi `h $7>> flccaihs (cg fltg` `h hsth faita fai ta sai gjtlv gjtlvas as elmas `hprh `hprhjlg jlgdch dchss y cg flt fltg` g` gjtlvas gjtlvas ia `hprhjl `hprhjlgdc gdchs). hs). Cg livhrslúi sh hehjtýg hi `as pgrths= $8> flccaihs hi hc fafhita jhra y $8> flccaihs hi hc fafhita 7. G pgrtlr `hc fafhita uia cg vl`g ýtlc ýtlc `hc prayhjta hs jlija g÷as y hc vgcar `h `hshjba `hshjba hs jhra pgrg ta`as cas cas gjtlvas. gjtlvas. Cg pìr`l`g hi cg vhitg vhitg `h cas `hfçs gjtlvas, quh gcjgizg g $4> flccaihs, sh jgrkgrç gc ýctlfa hmhrjljla. Cg livhrslúi sh eligijlg jai 8>% `h jgpltgc prapla y súca sh jaflhizg g klrgr ui jrì`ltaa par hc 8>% rhstgith jugi`a sh bg gkatg`a hc jgpltgc. jrì`lt jgpltgc. Hsth jrì`lta jrì`lta par $8> flccaihs sh pgkg hi jlija juatgs lkugchs g pgrtlr `hc fafhita 4 hi quh sh pgkg cg prlfhrg. Cg tgsg `h lithrìs sadrh hsth jrì`lta hs `h 72% giugc. Cgs vhitgs cæqul`gs sai `h $78> flccaihs par g÷a y cas kgstas `h aphrgjlúi $77> flccaihs par g÷a. Zl cg tgsg `h lfpuhsta g cg rhitg hs hc :>%, ±jaivlhih bgjhr hc prayhjta1 ±quì ihjhsltg sgdhr pgrg rhspai`hr1 Zupaikg g ca fhias `as vgcarhs gcthrigtlvas y gigcljh. Gigclsls Gig clsls `h c jrh`lta
Juatg
Juatg 4 : 0 8 5
^TA\HJPA ELIGIJLG@A LPHF Likrhsas Jastas `h aphrgjlúi Jastas `h `hprhjlgj lúi Lithrhshs Ecuma `h eai`as giths `h lfpuhstas Lfpuhs tas (:>% ) Ecu Ecuma ma `h eai`as eai`as `h spuhs `h lfpuhstas @h prhjlgjlúi Fhias jasta `h livhrslúi @h shfdacsa rhjldl`a Gfartlzgjlúi Gfartlz gjlúi `hc j rh`lta ^ hr`l`g `h gjtlvas Ecuma `h eai`as ihtas
7>>>>>>> 7>>>>>>> 7>>>>>>> 7>>>>>>> 7>>>>>>> >
7
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>>>>> ;4>>>>> 80>>>>> :5>>>>> 72>>>>>
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0 78>.>>>.>>> 77>.>>>.>>> 7>.>>>.>>> 8.0>>.>>> 405>>>>> ;.:2>.>>> 7;44>>>> 7>>>>>>>
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5 78>.>>>.>>> 77>.>>>.>>> 7>.>>>.>>> 7.2>>.>>> 424>>>>> 2.05>.>>> 7>>> 7>>>>>>>
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4 78>.>>>.>>> 77>.>>>.>>> 7>.>>>.>>> >>.>>> 47>>>>>> 5.:>>.>>> 70;>>>>> 7>>>>>>>
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7 hmhrjljlas tafg`as `hc cldra Eui`gfhitas `h jaitgdlcl`g` pgrg praehslaigchs ia jaitg`arhs, Jgrrlcca `h Tamgs, Kcg`ys
$ $
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XILUHTZL@G@ @LZPTLPGC ETGIJLZJA MAZÌ @H JGC@GZ EGJXCPG@ @H LIKHILHTÆG - ^TA\HJPA JXTTLJXCGT KHZPLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ @H LIKHILHTÆG HUGCXGJLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ PGCCHT 4 FGT]A >8 @H 4>47
TPG. / IA, gc rhgclzgr cg PLT jai cas vgcarhs `hc prayhjta `g ui vgcar `hc 47% par ca tgita ta`a prayhjta quh thikg uig PLT suphrlar g hsh vgcar, ia shrç rhitgdch. 0. ^grg hit hitrgr rgr gc fhr fhrjg`a jg`a `h jba jbajac jacgth gthss pra` pra`ujl ujlhi` hi`aa hc iuhva jbajacg jbajacgtæi tæi –Jba –Jbaja-T ja-Tlja lja‖, ‖, uig elrfghsjafprg uig fçqulig quh ybay juhstg $.>>>. `h hsth pra`ujta bay `h 0>>.>>> uuil`g`hs, il`g`hs, sh hsphrg hsph rg quh jrhjhrçHchifhrjg`a 7>>.>>> 7>>.> >> tatgc uil`g`hs par g÷a. Hc prlfhr g÷a hi quh cg elrfg hit hitrg rg gc fhrjg`a pa`rç jgptgr súca hc 7>% `h ìc, hi hc shkui`a shkui`a g÷a jgpt jgptgrç grç hc 78% y `hs` `hs`hh hc thr thrjhr jhraa hi g`h g`hcgi cgith th hc 4>%. Zu jasta jasta `h pra`ujjlúi hs `h $7,8 par uil`g` y hc prhjla `h vhitg `h $4 par uil`g`. Ia bgy lfpuhsta `h ilikuig jcgsh. Cg fçqulig tlhih uig vl`g ýtlc `h jugtra g÷as `h aphrgjlúi gc jgda `h cas jugchs ia tlhih vgcar jafhrjlgc gckuia. g) ^rh ^rhshit shithh hc ecu ecuma ma `h ea eai`a i`ass iht ihtaa `hc pr prayhj ayhjta ta d) Gbarg supaikg supaikg quh bgy lfpuhst lfpuhstas as sadrh cg rhitg `hc 48%. Cg `hprhjlgjlúi `hprhjlgjlúi `h cg fçqulig fçqul ig hs `h tlpa clihgc clihgc,, hi ui pcgza `h trhs g÷as. ^rhshit ^rhshithh hc ecuma `h eai`as `hc prayhjta.
^uita g 7
LPHF
Likrhsas par vhitg `h jbajacgtlig Jasta `h pra`ujjlúi `h jbaj acgtlig Jastas `h li livhrslúi vhrslúi Ecummas `h eai`as ihtas Ecu
4
:
0
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72>.>>> $ 7:8.>>> -$
42>.>>> $ 47>.>>> -$
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08.>>> $
;>.>>> $
2>.>>>
Gigclsls `hc fhrjg`a
Htgpg > 7 4 : 0
% Fhrjg`a
Uhitgs 7>% 78% 4>% 4>%
LPHF
Likrhsas par vhitg `h jbajacgtlig Jasta `h pra`ujjlúi `h jbaj acgtlig Jastas `h `hprhjlgjlúi
$ -$ -$
Ecuma s `h eai`as gith s `h lfpuh s tas
-$
Lfpuhstas (48%)
^ rhjla vhitg
8>>>> >>> 70>>>> 75>>>> ^uita d 7
7>>.>>> $ ;8.>>> -$ :>.>>> -$ 8 .> > >
$
> $
Ecuma s `h eai`as `h s puh s `h lfpuh s ta s -$
8 .> > >
$
Kgstas `h `hprhjlgjlúi Kgstas `h li livhrslúi vhrslúi
$
:>.>>> $
Ecummas `h eai`as ihtas Ecu
$
48.>>> $
Likrhsas 4 4 4 4 4
$ $ $ $
Jasta `h pra`ujjlúi 7>>.>>> 72>.>>> 42>.>>> :4>.>>>
$ $ $ $
;8.>>> 7:8.>>> 47>.>>> 40>.>>>
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72>.>>> $ 7:8.>>> -$ :>.>>> -$
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8. Jafhit Jafhithh cg slkul slkulhith hith gel gelrfgjlú rfgjlúi= i= "Zl gc hvgcug hvgcugrr ui prayhjta prayhjta sh adshrvg adshrvg uig rhitgdlcl rhitgdlcl`g` `g` pasltlvg, `hdh rhjafhi`grsh su lfpchfhitgjlúi lifh`lgtg sl hxlsthi cas rhjursas pgrg bgjhrca".
7 hmhrjljlas tafg`as `hc cldra Eui`gfhitas `h jaitgdlcl`g` pgrg praehslaigchs ia jaitg`arhs, Jgrrlcca `h Tamgs, Kcg`ys
XILUHTZL@G@ @LZPTLPGC ETGIJLZJA MAZÌ @H JGC@GZ EGJXCPG@ @H LIKHILHTÆG - ^TA\HJPA JXTTLJXCGT KHZPLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ @H LIKHILHTÆG HUGCXGJLÚI @H ^TA\HJPAZ PGCCHT 4 FGT]A >8 @H 4>47
TPG. / Cg gelrfgjlúi hs egcsg, puhsta quh hxlsthi atrgs vgrlgdchs quh `hthrfligi cgs livhrslaihs hi cas prayhjtas, jafa hc giçclsls `h rlhskas, cg `hthrfligjlúi `hc tlhfpa úptlfa `h livhrslúi, cg `hfgi`g y cg liecgjlúi. 5. hmhfpcas @hs @hsjrl jrldg dg `h hi hcca. quì jai jaislst slsthi hi cas prayhjta prayhjtass li`hph li`hphi`l i`lhit hiths hs y fhijla fhijlaih ih gc fhi fhias as jugtra jugtra TPG. / Zai gquhccas prayhjtas quh ia `hphi`hi `h atras prayhjtas il su rhsuctg`a gehjtg g atras. ;. ±Wuì hhitlhi itlhi`h `h par jasta `h jgp jgpltgc ltgc y jasta jasta `h apartuil`g`1 apartuil`g`1 Jasta jgpltgc= Hs cg utlcl`g` quh cg hfprhsg adtlhih sadrh sus livhrslaihs. Jasta `h apartuil`g`= Hs hc dhiheljla quh sh hclkh rhsphjta g atrg livhrslúi y g cgs kgigijlgs quh hstg aerhjæg.
2. Hiu Hiuijl ijlhh y hxpcl hxpclquh quh cg cgss `lst `lstlit litgs gs htgpgs htgpgs `h ui pr prayhj ayhjta ta
Liljla= Hstg
egsh tlhih jafa admhtlva `helilr hc gcjgijh y tgfdlìi gclihgr cgs hxphjtgtlvgs `h jg`g uig `h cgs pgrths lithrhsg`gs jai hc prapúslta `hc prayhjta.
^cgileljgjlúi=
Hs iarfgcfhith uig `h cgs egshs fçs `leæjlchs yg quh `urgith hstg egsh, hs fuy ihjhsgrla bgjhr ui krgi hseuhrza `h gdstrgjjlúi yg quh hs ihjhsgrla jgcjucgr ihjhsl`g`hs `h phrsaigc, rhjursas y hqulpa, quh `hdhi shr prhvlstas, pgrg jufpclr jai hc tlhfpa hstgdchjl`a y `hitra `h cas pgrçfhtras `hthrflig`as.
Hmhjujlúi= @urgith
Zhkulflhita= Hstg
hstg egsh sh cchvgrç g jgda hc jufpclflhita `h jg`g uig `h cgs gjtlvl`g`hs prakrgfg`gs, jai jg`g uig `h sus tgrhgs.
egsh hstç jaiearfg`g par cas prajhsas quh sai ihjhsgrlas pgrg pa`hr rhgclzgr hc shkulflhita, rhvlslúi y failtarlzgjlúi `hc gvgijh `hc ` hc prayhjta. Jaitrac= hstg
egsh sh jafpaih par ta`as cas prajhsas quh tlhihi jafa admhtlva cg thrfligjlúi `hc prayhjta y cgs adclkgjlaihs `hc jaitrgta.
7 hmhrjljlas tafg`as `hc cldra Eui`gfhitas `h jaitgdlcl`g` pgrg praehslaigchs ia jaitg`arhs, Jgrrlcca `h Tamgs, Kcg`ys
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