Taguchi Loss Function and Quality Management Total Quality Management TQM Business Management
March 28, 2017 | Author: Isha Malhotra | Category: N/A
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Term
Lesson # 08
Concepts
Quality
Total quality management
Table of Contents:
Total Quality Paradigms
E n g i n eeri n g English
1. OVERVIEW OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT:PROFESSI
Adopting a TQ philosophy requires significant changes in organization design, work processes, and
Fo rm al S ci en ces
culture. Organizations use a variety of approaches. Some emphasize the use of quality tools, such as
2. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND TOTAL ORG
Heal th S ci en ces
statistical process control of Six Sigma (which we discuss in the next chapter), but have not made the
3. INTEGRATING PEOPLE AND PERFORMANCE THRO
Man ag em en t
necessary fundamental changes in their processes and culture. It is easy to focus on tools and techniques
4. FUNDAMENTALS OF TOTAL QUALITY AND RATER
but very hard to understand and achieve the necessary changes in human attitudes and behavior. Others
Marketi n g
have adopted a behavioral focus in which the organization's people are indoctrinated in a customer
5. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL CO
Mas s C o m m
focused culture, or emphasize error prevention and design quality, but fail to incorporate continuous
6. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING F
Natu ral S ci en ces
improvement efforts. Still other companies focus on problemsolving and continuous improvements, but fail to focus on what is truly important to the customer. Although these firms will realize limited
7. LEADERS IN QUALITY REVOLUTION AND DEFININ
Po l i ti cal S ci en ce
8. TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION AND QUALITY MANAGE
improvements, the full potential of total quality is lost due to a lack of complete understanding by the
S o ci al S ci en ces
9. WTO, SHIFTING FOCUS OF CORPORATE CULTURE
entire organization.
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10. HISTORY OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PARADIGMS
Single approaches, such as statistical tools, behavioral change, or problem solving can have some short
S i teMap Li n ks
term success, but do not seem to work well over time. Total quality requires a comprehensive effort that
11. DEFINING QUALITY, QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND
encompasses all of these approaches. A total change in thinking, not a new collection of tools, is
12. LEARNING ABOUT QUALITY AND APPROACHES FR
needed. Total quality requires a set of guiding principles. Such principles have been promoted by the
13. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT THEORIES EDWA
many "quality gurus" Deming, Juran, and Crosby, Ishikawa and Taguchi. Their insights on measuring,
14. DEMING’S PHILOSOPHY AND 14 POINTS FOR MANA
managing, and improving quality have had profound impacts on countless managers and entire
15. DEMING CYCLE AND QUALITY TRILOGY:Juran’s Th
corporations around the world.
16. JURAN AND CROSBY ON QUALITY AND QUALITY I Defining Quality as Loss Function
17. CROSBY’S CONCEPT OF COST OF QUALITY:Cost of
Taguchi (1986) suggests that there is increasing loss, for the producer, the customer, and society,
18. COSTS OF QUALITY AND RETURN ON QUALITY:To
associated with increasing variability, or deviation from a target value that reflects the "ideal state." This
19. OVERVIEW OF TOTAL QUALITY APPROACHES:The
relationship to variability can be expressed as a loss function, as shown for the distribution of rods from
20. BUSINESS EXCELLENCE MODELS:Excellence in all fu
grinding operation C, in Figure 12. The greater the variability, deviation from target, the greater the loss
21. DESIGNING ORGANIZATIONS FOR QUALITY:Custom
will be.
22. DEVELOPING ISO QMS FOR CERTIFICATION:Process Traditional specifications, used in the manufacturingbased approach to quality, define conformity n
23. ISO 9001(2000) QMS MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILIT
terms of upper and lower specification limits. For example steel rods should meet the engineering specification for length of six inches, plus or minus 10 onehundredths o an inch (6 + or _ .10). This
24. ISO 9001(2000) QMS (CLAUSE # 6) RESOURCES MAN
approach tends to allow complacency concerning variation within that range. It assumes that a product
25. ISO 9001(2000) (CLAUSE # 7) PRODUCT REALIZATIO
just barely meeting specifications, just within the limit, is just as "good" as on right in the middle, but
26. ISO 9001(2000) QMS (CLAUSE # 7) CONTROL OF PRO
one just outside the limit is "bad." Taguchi questions these assumptions, and suggests the degree of "badness" or "loss" increases gradually as the deviation from the target value increases. Although
27. ISO 9001(2000) QMS (CLAUSE # 8) MEASUREMENT,
managers may choose to do the right thing (the target), in order to provide superior value to customers
28. QUALITY IN SOFTWARE SECTOR AND MATURITY
through superior "quality," they must also continuously improve their systems and reduce variation to meet the target.20 In the 1980s, Motorola committed to a campaign called Six Sigma, which is one way
29. INSTALLING AN ISO 9001 QM SYSTEM:Implementati
of saying reduce variation so much that the chance of producing defects is down to about 3.4 defects per
30. CREATING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE:Elements of a To
million, or 99.99966 percent perfect.
31. CREATING QUALITY AT STRATEGIC, TACTICAL A
32. BIG Q AND SMALL q LEADERSHIP FOR QUALITY:T
33. STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR QUALITY AND ADVAN
34. HOSHIN KANRI AND STRATEGIC POLICY DEPLOYM
35. QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) AND OT
36. BASIC SQC IMPROVEMENT TOOLS:TOTAL QUALIT
37. HOW QUALITY IS IMPLEMENTED? A DIALOGUE W
38. CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM AND OTHER TOOLS
39. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC) FOR CONT 30
40. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL….CONTD:Contro
41. BUILDING QUALITY THROUGH SPC:Types of Data, D
42. AN INTERVIEW SESSION WITH OFFICERS OF A CM
43. TEAMWORK CULTURE FOR TQM:Steering Committees Total Quality Management MGT510
Taguchi's loss function: loss increases as a function of variation
VU
44. UNDERSTANDING EMPOWERMENT FOR TQ AND C
45. CSR, INNOVATION, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT A
Loss ($)
Loss ($)
due to variation
due to variation
Distribution of output
Length of rod in 5.9 LSL
6.0
6.1
Target
USL
inches
The Deming Management Philosophy Deming was trained as statistician and worked for Western Electric during its pioneering era of statistical quality control development in the 1920s and 1930s. During World War II he taught quality control courses as part of the national defense effort. Although Deming taught many engineers in the United States, he was not able to reach upper management. After the war, Deming was invited to Japan to teach statistical quality control concepts. Top managers there were eager to learn, and he addressed 21 to executives who collectively resented 80 percent of the county's capital. They embraced Deming's message and transformed their industries. By the mid1970s, the quality of Japanese products exceeded that of Western manufacturers, and Japanese companies had made significant penetration into Western markets. Deming taught quality to Japanese and Ishikawa was Deming's student. Americans did not listen to Deming as attentively as Japanese did and took his a prophet of quality.
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