Table for cestodes and trematodes.pptx

Cestodes

Habitat

Features

Small intestine

Unarmed scolex; spoon shaped or spatulate w/ bothria

“Fish tapeworm/ Broad Tapeworm”

Egg/Larva Ova: bile stained, ovoid, operculated, thick shelled embryonated

Uterus in rosette form

Largest tapeworm of man

Mode of  Infection Ingestion of raw or uncooked infected fish IS- Plerocercoid larva

Hosts or Vector 1st IH- cyclops 2nd IH- fresh water fishes

Diagnosis

Disease/ Treatment

Microscopic exam of feces for operculated eggs or vommited proglottids

Diphyllobothriasiso r Bothriacephalous Anemia

Microscopic exam of stool for eggs, proglottids or scolex

Taeniasis- leading to obstruction of  organs

FH-man, dog, cat

Prasiquantel Niclozamide

coracidium procorcoid (IHcyclops) plerocorcoid (IHfresh water fish)

Small intestine

Genital pore is marginal

“beef tapeworm” Uterus is dichotomous Unarmed scolex

Egg: Nonoperculated; inner embryophore is thick walled and radially striated; With an oncosphere (hexacanth embryo)

Eating of beef  infected with Cypticercus bovis

IH- cattle, cow, buffalo FH- man

Praziquantel Niclozamide

Larva : Cysticercus bovis Small intestine

“pork tapeworm”

Armed scolex (hooklets shaped like daggers or Arabian poniards) Uterus is dendritic Genital pore is

IS:Cypticercus cellulosae

Ingestion of  infected pork

IH- pork FH-man

IS: Cypticersus cellulone

Stool exams for eggs or proglottids

Cypticercosis; Neurocysticercosis (most serious zoonotic disease) Praziquantel Niclozamide

Cestodes

Habitat lymphatics

“Hydatid worm/ Dog tapeworm” 

Features -Scolex bears 4 suckers and a protrusible rostellum

Egg/Larva Egg: resembles Taenia egg but ovoid

Mode of  Infection

Hosts or Vector

Diagnosis

Disease and Treatment

IS: embryonated egg

IH: sheep, goat, pig, cattle, horse

radiographic findings

Hydatid sand; Alveolar cyst

IS: hydatid cyst

Definitive Host: (canines like dogs, wolf, fox)

Immuno diagnosis

Surgical removal/ Albendazole

Eggs passed in feces

Hymenolepiasis

Smallest tapeworm of man

Accidental HostMan

Small intestine

Uterus is sac-like and transverse

“rat tapeworm”

unarmed

Dipylidium caninum

Double pored

Egg: double membrane Larva: cysticercoid

Ova: Thin walled and spherical

IH: fleas IS: Cysticercoiod AH- man

IS: Cysticercoid

Rose thorn hooklets Gravid proglottids

“Dog Tapeworm”

Praziquantel

IH:

Eggs passed in feces : Dog flea

Dipylidiasis Praziquantel

Ctenophalides  files : cat flea

: human flea Trichoedectas  canis : dog flea

Ileum

“Dwarf  tapeworm” Smallest

Subglobular armed rostellum

Ova: spherical w/inner embryo has 3 pair of  lancets and intermembranous

Ingestion of eggs or of infected arthropod in w/c cysticercoid larve are released and developed

DH: rodents , man

Embryonated eggs in feces Demonstration of  characteristic ova in the stool

Praziquantel

Trematodes Schistosoma   japonicum 

“Oriental blood fluke”

Schistosoma  haematobium 

“Vesical blood fluke”

Schistosoma  mansoni 

Habitat

Features

superior mesenteric veins of the small intestine

Egg/Larva Eggs: nonoperculated; bottle neck egg

Mode of  Infection Skin penetration

Hosts or Vector : Onchomelania for S. japonicum 

Diagnosis Stool exam

Disease and Treatment S. japonicum -

Katayama’s disease

IS: cercariae S. haematobium -

S.japonicumlateral knob

vesicle and pelvic plexus of the venous circulation; urinary bladder

: Bulimus and Physopsis for S.

S.haematobiumterminal spine

haematobium 

S.mansonilateral spine

mesenteric veins of colon and rectum

: Biomphalaria and Australorbis for S. mansoni 

“Manson’s blood fluke” smallest blood fluke

lungs

“Oriental Lung Fluke”

in pairs or in threes in fibrotic capsules or cysts in the lungs

pancreas

“pancreatic worm”

Coffee or bean shaped

Stout worm with ruffled margins oral sucker is

Ova: oval; thick shelled; with flattened opercular and thick abopercular end

Ingestion of  insufficiently or uncooked crustaceans containing metacercariae

IH: Brotia  asperata (snail)

Feces and sputum exam

2nd IH:Sundathelpusa  philippina or

Misdiagnosed on pulmonarytubercu losis

Parathelpusa  grapsoides 

Ova: dark brown thick shelled and operculated

IH: : Macrochlamys  indica (snail)

Paragonimiasis Praziquantel Bithionol

Trematodes

Habitat intestine

Features no cephalic cone no shoulders

Egg/Larva operculated

“Giant Intestinal Fluke” Largest trematode

Mode of  Infection Ingestion of  encysted metacercariae on aquatic plants IS: metacercariae

Hosts or Vector 1st IH: snailSegmentina sp. Hippentis sp.

Diagnosis Stool exam for unembryonated eggs

Disease and Treatment Fasciolopsiasis Praziquantel

2nd IH: fresh water vegetation seed pods of  water caltrop ( bulb of a fresh water chestnut

Intestine

“Garrism’s fluke”

Oral suckers surrounded by circumoral disk w. crown of spines

Ova: “germ ball” egg dot-like operculum

Ingestion of  infected fish or vegetation Infective stage: metacercaria

Larvae: no sporocyst stage but with 2 redial stages intestine

With 3 suckers oral, ventral and genital

Ova: As

IH:

Heterophydiasis

2nd IH: -  (kuhol) (susong pampang) sp (clam)

Clonochis  sinensis 

Ingestion of  metacercariae in infected fishes

“Von Siebold’s Fluke”

ovumoperculated, unembryonated

IS: metacercariae

Smallest but most pathogenic

No abopercular protuberance

Detection of eggs in the stool using Kato Katz method

Unembryonated eggs

Praziquantel

Trematodes

Habitat

Features

liver Conical projection called cephalic cone

“SHEEP LIVER FLUKE”

liver

“Chinese liver fluke”

Unbranched intestine

Egg/Larva Ova: looks like hen’s egg

Ova: smallest like an oldfashioned electric bulb or pitcher-shaped

Mode of  Infection Ingestion of  metacercariae in aquatic plants

Hosts or Vector IH: Lymnea  philippinensis 

Unembryonated eggs

(snail)

IS: metacercariae

2nd IH: blades of  grass and water plants

Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish; salted and dried fishes

IH:

IS: metacercaria

Diagnosis

(snail) 2ndIH:Ctenophary  ngondon idellus  (fish)

Disease and Treatment Fascioliasis Bithionol

Embryonated egg

Clonorchiasis Triclabendazole Bithionol