Tabla de Minerales y Rocas
Short Description
Descripción: un pequeño manual de algunas rocas y minerales...
Description
INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE LA PAZ GEOLOGÍA
TABLA T ABLA DE MINER MINERALES ALES Y ROCAS Alejandro Adrián Gómez Galindo
MINERALES Nombre "ligisto
Magneti ta
Siderita
#alena
Blenda
Imagen
Color
Brillo
Raya
Dureza
Varía desde parduzc! r" sa#$re! r" %r&''a#(e ) r" parduzc a $r&s acer ) #e$r *&err+ Ne$r+
De ,e(-'&c a ,a(e+
Marr.#! r" parduzc a+
/ a 0+
Me(-'&c+
Ne$ra+
/+/ a 0+/+
Br&''a#(e+
Lus(re+
B'a#ca+
6+/ a 7+/+
Me(-'&c e# 4rac(uras rec&e#(es+ Ma(e e# super8c&es a#(&$uas+ Res&#s ada,a#(&# ! su%,e(-'&c e# 5ar&edades r&cas e# *&err+
Gr&s p',+
B'a#ca a a,ar&'' &,pur+
Pard! pard a,ar&''e#(! $r&s! $r&s 5erduzc! $r&s a,ar&''e#(+ Gr&s p',! a'$ ,-s c'ar s& c#(&e#e p'a(a+ A,ar&''e#( a $r&s+
Transparenc ia Opac+
Crista Cri stali lizac zació ión n
Tena enacid cida a d 1r-$&'+
E!oliació n N+
Solubilida d L&$era,e#( e s'u%'e e# e' -c&d+
Is,2(r&ca+
3ue%rad& za+
I,per4ec(a +
Ba"a+
Opac a (ra#spare#(e+
Tr&$#a'+ Tr&$#a'+
3ue%rad& za+
Per4ec(a+
Ba"a+
9+/ a 6+
Opac+
C:%&c+
3ue%rad& za+
C:%&ca per4ec(a+
Ba"a+
9+/ a 6+
Opac+
C:%&c+
3ue%rad& za+
Per4ec(a+
Ba"a+
Tr&$#a'+ Ocas&#a',e#(e p&ra,&da'es pr&s,-(&cs+
Casiterit a
Ne$r parduzc! pard! &#c'r! $r&s! 5erde+
D&a,a#(&# +
B'a#c parduzc a+
0 a ;+
Opac a (ra#spare#(e+
Te(ra$#a'+ Te(ra$#a'+
1r-$&'+
I,per4ec(a +
Ba"a+
Cinabrio
R" %r&''a#(e! 5&'e(a7 ?
Ví(re+
B'a#ca+
+
Tra#s':c&d a pac+
Ta%u'ar! Ta%u'ar! pr&s,-(&c ) p&r-,&des+
1r-$&'+
N&#$u#a+
pr =>> ,' de a$ua+ I#s'u%'e+
Cuarzo
B'a#c! (ra#spare#(e +
Ví(re+
B'a#ca+
;+
Tra#spare#(e a (ra#s':c&d+
Tr&$#a'+ Tr&$#a'+
3ue%rad& z+
N&#$u#a+
I#s'u%'e+
Diamant e
A,ar&''! ,arr.# $r&s a &#c'r+
Ada,a#(&# +
I#c'ra +
Tra#spare#(e Tra#spare#(e a su%(ra#spare #(e a (ra#s':c&d+
C:%&c+
N+
N+
Ba"a+
Dioptasa
Verde es,era'da! (uruesa ) 5erde azu' scur+ S&# c'r! rsa+
Ví(re+
Verde+
=> @Ma(er&a ' ,-s dur c#c&d /+
Tra#spare#(e a (ras':c&d+
Fe?a$#a'+
1r-$&'+
E5&de#(e+
Ba"a+
Ví(re+
B'a#ca+
6+/ a 7+
N+
Tr&$#a'+
3ue%rad& z+
Pc ,arcada+
Ba"a+
Corindó n
Dolomit a
− 25
10
$
&luorita
Azu'! 5erde! r"! %'a#c! a,ar&''! e(c+
Nacarad+
&eldespa to
Var&ad+
Ma(a+
Mica biotita
Pard scur! pard 5erds ) pard KC+
Ví(re+
B'a#ca+
9+/+
N+
C:%&c+
3ue%rad& z+
N+
E# a$ua+
B'a#c! %'a#c azu'ad! %'a#c parduzc! %'a#c r"&z! e(c+
Ví(re+
B'a#ca+
9+/+
Tra#spare#(e+
C:%&c+
3ue%rad& z+
N+
Ba"a+
Mala+uit a
Verde+
D:c(&'+
Verde c'ar+
6+/ a 7+
Opaca a (ra#s':c&da+
M#c'íc'&c+
3ue%rad& z+
Per4ec(a+
Ba"a+
Talco
Verde ,a#za#a! $r&s! %'a#c %'a#c p'a(a+ I#c'r! (#a'&dades c'aras a,ar&''as! 5erdes r"as+ Ne$r *acer ) $r&s+
Su%+>0,,+ Ls $ra#s ,&#era'es # se e#(re'aza#+
C'r a#(e a ,arr.#< $r&s-ce rsa+
Der&5a de u#a r-p&da prec&p&(ac&.#! (ra#spr(e ) dep.s&( de rcas $ra#í(&cas+
P&edra para 'a c#s(rucc&.#! p&edras de ,'&# para ,'er ,aíz+
R"CAS METAM1R&ICA METAM1R&ICAS S Nombr e
Imagen
Composición
Rasgos distinti(os
Tetura
Color
)acimientos
-so
Mu) rara,e#(e adp(a# 4r,a cr&s(a'&#a! per 's peues $r-#u's se s&(:a# "u#(s! c, u#a espec&e de ,sa&c+ Sue'e ''e5ar &,purezas de (rs ,e(a'es c, a'u,&#&! *&err! cr,! ,a$#es&! ca'c&! sd& p(as&+ C,pues(a de 4e'despa(s ) pc #ada de cuarz+
Mu) dura! capaz de res&s(&r 'a acc&.# $'ac&a'+
De (e?(ura dura ) $ra# 8#
De ,arr.# scur a #e$r+
Z#as de c#(ac(s ,e(a,.r8cs! '&#da#d a &#(rus&#es $ra#í(&cas+
A$re$ads+
Es u# c&c's&'&ca( 4r,ad pr a#&''s s&,p'es de cua(r (e(raedrs de sí'&ce+
Dura ) raspsa+
Gr&s! ca42 c'ar ) #e$r+
E# 8'#es de cuarz cr(a#d a cuarc&(as cerca#as a z#as d#de *a) s&e#&(as ) $ra#&(s a'ca'&#s+
I#dus(r&as 4ar,ac2u(&cas+
S# 'as rcas ,-s a#(&$uas "a,-s e#c#(radas! c# u#a edad apr?&,ada de e#(re 7+9>> ) 7+6>> ,&''#es de as+
S# de u#a (e?(ura -spera ,ed&a+
Gr&s a ,arr.# ) #e$r+
N&#$u# de &,pr(a#c&a+
Turmali na
Gra#s de are#a e#(re'azada a ,e#ud c# ce,e#(ac&.# s&'ícea+
Gra#%'-s(&c a) 8#a,e#(e $ra#u'ada+
B'a#c a %'a#c cre,s+
#neis
Ma)r&(ar&a,e#(e 4e'despa( c# cuarz! ,&ca ) $ra#a(e+
C,pac(a ) dura! 8#a,e#(e $ra#u'ada ue se r,pe e# 4ra$,e#(s a#$u'ares a8'ads+ Gra#u'ac&.# &rre$u'ar! c'rac&.# p-'&da ) de a%u#da#(e c,ps&c&.# de 4e'despa(+
Es(-# a,p'&a,e#(e d&s(r&%u&das e# $#e&ses de' (&e,p Prec-,%r&c ) pr%a%'e,e#(e se 4r,ar# e# 'as par(es ,-s pr4u#das de 's p'&e$ues ,#(ass+ E# z#as de are#&scas ,e(a,r4seadas re$&#a',e#(e+
G#e&s(sa! de $ra#u'ac&.# &rre$u'ar+
Gr&s %'a#uec&# a %scur+
Cornea na
Baotita
An,bol ita
E# ers&#adas raíces de s&s(e,as ,#(ass+
A$re$ads! ,#u,e#(a'es+
E# c#s(rucc&.#! r#a,e#(ac&.#+
La2a
Esu Esu&s &s( ( ) ca'& ca'&za za++
Es u#a u#a p&ed p&edra ra ue ue se separa 4-c&',e#(e e# (a%'as p'a#as de%&d a 'a es(ra(&8cac&.# de 's )ac&,&e#(s+
P'a#a! '&sa ) pc $ruesa+
Va# desde c'res cres *as(a (#a'&dades ,arr#es+
Se rea'&za a c&e' a%&er(J ,ed&a#(e peueas 5'aduras se e?(rae# 's p'a#c*#es de p&edra ue se e#cue#(ra# sue'(s+
E# 'a &#dus(r&a de 'a c#s(rucc&.#! para re5es(&,&e#( de p&ss ) paredes+
Magne sita
A par(&r de u#a desecac&.# de 'a$s car$ads r&cs e# ,a$#es&+ Ta,%&2# Ta,%&2# puede aparecer pr sus(&(uc&.# ,e(as,-(&ca e# 's dep.s&(s de ca'c&(a ) d',&(a+
De (e?(ura 4r-$&'+
I#c'ra $e#era',e#(e! (a,%&2# se prese#(a %'a#ca! a,ar&''a! $r&s! ,arr.#+
Puede aparecer pr sus(&(uc&.# ,e(as,-(&ca e# 's dep.s&(s de ca'c&(a ) d',&(a+
Preparac&.# de re4rac(ar&s de (&p %-s&c para us e# ,e(a'ur$&a+ Preparac&.# de ce,e#(s espec&a'es+
M3rmol
Car% Car%# #a( a( c-'c c-'c&c &c+ +
Gra#u'ac&.# ,ed&a a 8#a+
Var&a%'eJ %'a#c! cre,a! $r&s! r"! 5erde ) #r,a',e#(e ra)ad c# ,a#c*as+
Z#as de ,e(a,r8s, re$&#a' de ca'&zas+
C#s(rucc&.# ) r#a,e#(ac&.#+
&ilita
Sus ,&#era'es ,-s c,u#es s# ,&cas! pr&#c&pa',e#(e ,sc5&(a! cuarz! (a'c! a'%&(a ) c'r&(a+ Irre$u'ar+
Se e#cue#(ra e# a'$u#as rcas pe$,a(í(&cas+ E# a,%&e#(es sed&,e#(ar&s aparece c, prduc( de 'a a'(erac&.# de 'as rcas %-s&cas pr 'as a$uas #a(ura'es+ Gra# Gra#u' u'ac ac&. &.# # &rre$u'ar a 8#a! (e?(ura $ra#%'-s(&ca ue es e4er5esce#(e e# -c&d c'r*ídr&c+ Es u#a rca ue represe#(a u#a $radac&.# e# e' $rad de ,e(a,r8s, e#(re 'a p&zarra ) e' esu&s(+ Es u# ,a(er&a' ,u) res&s(e#(e a 's -c&ds ) a 'as (e,pera(uras ,u) a'(as! se 'e c#ce c, e' ,e(a' ,-s pesad+
Psee u#a (e?(ura de $ra# ,u) 8#+ Esu&s(sa+
De d&s(&#(as (#a'&dades de $r&s+
Es u#a de 'as rcas ,-s a%u#da#(es e# 'as s&erras '&(ra'es ) pre'&(ra'es de 'a re$&.#+
I,per,ea%&'&zac&. # de (e"ads ) rara,e#(e 'u%r&ca#(es+
spera+
Gr&s azu'ad+
Se e#cue#(ra# e# 'as pep&(as! de#(r&(as ) es(a'a$,&(as+
Se u(&'&za para *acer a'eac&#es c# e' r ) e' s,&! ) para *acer %u"ías+
Iridio
Ada,&(a
C#(&e#e //+; de Z#O! 7>+=; de As9O/! >+07 de CuO ) 7+>= de F9O+
Es 4-c&',e#(e s'u%'e e# -c&d+
Dura! cr&s(a'&#a+ Ls cr&s(a'es s# pr ' $e#era' peues ) a'ar$ads! de *-%&( pr&s,-(&c+
A,ar&''a! rsada! 5&'e(a! 5erde! %&e#! &#c'ra+
Cromo
E' d&cr,a( de p(as&! 9Cr9O;! es u# ?&da#(e e#2r$&c ) se u(&'&za para '&,p&ar ,a(er&a' de 5&dr& de 'a%ra(r& de cua'u&er res( r$-#&c ue pueda c#(e#er+
Su es(ad de ?&dac&.# ,-s a'( es e' 0! au#ue es(s c,pues(s s# ,u) ?&da#(es+
Dur Dur ) 4r-$ 4r-$&' &'++
Gr&s Gr&s c# c# &#(e#s %r&''+
$izarra
M&ca! cuarz! ) (rs ,&#era'es+
De $ra#u'ac&.# ,u) 8#a! rca 4'&ada ue se d&s$re$a# e# 8#as 'a,&#as+
La,&#ada ) $ra#u'ada+
Ge#era',e#(e de (#s $r&s-ces+
C#(&e#e de' 69 a' 6 de S&O9! de' 9> a' 7> de A'9O6! de' a' == de B9O6! *as(a e' =7 de M$O! &$ua',e#(e de 1eO! *as(a e' 9> de F9O ) de' > a' / de 's res(a#(es e'e,e#(s+ I#4us&%'es e &#a(aca%'es+
Gra#&(s ) $#e&ses ) espec&a',e#(e e# 's 8'#es de (&p pe$,a(í(&c+
C#c&da'+
Ne$ra+ Mu Mu) 5ar&ads! rec&%&e#d d&s(&#(s #,%res se$:# su c'rac&.#! Ru%e'&(a @r"a! I#d&$'&(a @5erde azu'! C*r' @#e$ra! Dra5&(a @,arr.#! Acrí(a @%'a#ca+
Se 4r,a c, prduc( secu#dar& e# 'as z#as d#de se prduce 'a ?&dac&.# de de(er,&#ads dep.s&(s r&cs e# c&#c ue c#(&e#e# (a,%&2# ,&#era'es arse#&ca'es+ Se %(&e#e cr, a par(&r de 'a cr,&(a+ Se %(&e#e c,erc&a',e#(e ca'e#(a#d a 'a cr,adra e# prese#c&a de a'u,&#& s&'&c& @,ed&a#(e u# prces de reducc&.#+ Apr?&,ada,e#(e Apr?&,ada,e#(e 'a ,&(ad de 'as cr,adas se e?(rae de Sud-4r&ca+ E# -reas de ,e(a,r8s, re$&#a' de esu&s&(s 8'ads 5'c-#&cs+
Es &#(eresa#(e desde e' pu#( de 5&s(a c&e#(í8c ) c, ,&#era' de c'ecc&.#J es espec&a',e#(e %uscada pr 'a e'e$a#c&a de ,uc*s de sus cr&s(a'es+ Me(a'ur$&a! para ap'&car res&s(e#c&a a 'a crrs&.#+
F&dr(er,a' de a'(a (e,pera(ura! prcede#(es de u&ds pr4u#ds ue escapar# a' 8#a' de' prces de 'a cr&s(a'&zac&.#+
Decrac&.#! ")ería! apara(s e'2c(r&cs+
Se usa e# (e"as+
Ma)r&(ar&a,e#(e de ,sc5&(a! %&r&(a ) cuarz! c# prese#c&a cas&#a' de c'r&( 5erde+
Es+uist o
C,pues( ,a)r&(ar&a,e#(e de %&(&(a! ,sc5&(a ) de cuarz+
Esu&s(sa c# $ra#s de ,&#era'es+
Var&a%'eJ ra)ad! p'a(ead! #e$r! %'a#c 5erde+
Z#as de c#(ac(s de ,e(a,r8s, re$&#a'+
1ue#(e de ,&#era'es de c'ecc&#&s(as+
R"CAS 4#NEAS Nombre
Imagen
Descripción
Tetura
Color
$orosi dad
Absorc ión
Riolita
A 'a r&'&(a se 'e c#s&dera e' eu&5a'e#(e 5'c-#&c de' $ra#&(+
1&#! 1&#! 5&dr& 5&dr&++
Marr.# Marr.#!! $r&s $r&s!! r"&z+
7!=6+
=!0;+
$eso espec0, co 9!7+
-so
$umita
Es u#a rca í$#ea 5'c-#&ca 5í(rea! c# %a"a de#s&dad @(a e# e' a$ua ) ,u) prsa! de c'r %'a#c+
V&(rea! a'(a,e#(e 5es&cu'ada+
B'a#ca $r&s+
>!;+
9!/0+
>!/+
Tr&(urada se puede u(&'&zar para 'a 4a%r&cac&.# de ,r(ers+
Diorita
Es u#a rca rca p'u(.#&ca! E' eu&5a'e#(e 5'c-#&c de 'a d&r&(a es 'a a#des&(a+
I#(er,ed&! $rues+
B'a#c!$r&s #e$r+
=!+
=!//+
9!7/+
Se u(&'&za c, ,a(er&a' de c#s(rucc&.# e# a$re$ads+
"bsidian a
La,ada a 5eces 5&dr& 5'c-#&c! es u#a rca í$#ea 5'c-#&ca per(e#ec&e#(e a' $rup de 's s&'&ca(s+
V&(rea+
Ne$ra! $r&s+
9!67+
>!0;+
=!76+
Se u( u(&'&za# cu cuc*&''as de %s&d&a#a e# c&ru$ía cardíaca ) cu'ar+
#ranodio rita
Es u#a rca í$#ea p'u(.#&ca+ Es(pr&#c&pa',e#(e c#s(&(u&da pr cuarz+
I#(er,ed&a! $ruesa+
Ne$r! %'a#c '&$er c'r 5erde+
>!;+
>!9/+
9!0>+
Para c#s(ru&r ,urs! se u(&'&za (a,%&2# c, a$re$ad+
La rca de es(e (&p es ,u) aprec&ada e# 'a c#s(rucc&.#+
#ranito
S# 'as rcas ,-s a%u#da#(es de 'a cr(eza c#(&#e#(a' super&r+ super&r+
I#(er,ed&! $rues+
De $r&s a r" c'ar S# 'as rcas ,-s a%u#da#(es de 'a cr(eza c#(&#e#(a' super&r+
6++
=+//+
9+0;+
Se u(&'&za a,p'&a,e#(e e# c#s(rucc&.#+
$egmatit a
T&e#e u# (a,a de $ra# ue r#da 's 9> ,,+ Las rcas c# es(e (a,a de $ra# se d&ce ue (&e#e# (e?(ura pe$,a(í(&ca+
1&#! &#(er,ed&a+
Ca42! Ne$r! B'a#c+
=!07+
9!+
=!==+
Se e,p'ea e# 4a%r&cac&.# para %ar#&ces e# 'a 'za+
Basalto
Rca í$#ea 5'c-#&ca de c'r scur! de c,ps&c&.# ,-8car&ca+
1&#! 5& 5&dr&+
Gr&s s scur! #e #e$r+
9+>0+
+;+
9+;;+
Es &, &,per,ea%'e! se se u(&'&za# 8%ras ar(&8c&a'es de %asa'(+
Topacio
E' Tpac& es u# ,&#era' 4r,ad pr 'a acc&.# de 's 5apres c# :r+
Sua5e+
Azu'! a,ar&''! rsa! r"! 5&'e(a! 5erde ,ar+
>+/+
>+;+
=+6+
Se u(&'&za e# 'a &#dus(r&a de 'a cer-,&ca ) de 's re4rac(ar&s ) e# 'a ")ería+
$edernal
Es u#a rca sed&,e#(ar&a c#s(&(u&da pr sí'&ce a,r4 cr&p(cr&s(a'&#+
I#(e I#(er, r,ed ed&a &a++
Ne$r Ne$r (# (#ss scurs de azu'+
/!=9+
9!9=+
9!=7+
C,:#,e#(e se 'e e#cue#(ra e# e#ce#dedres+
$iroenit a
Es u#a rca c,pues(a pr&#c&pa',e#(e pr p&r?e# pr p&r?e# c# c# ca#(&dades ,e#res de '&5&#! %&(&(a )a#4í%'+
Gruesa+
C'r scur #e$r+
=!=;+
>!;+
9!=/+
Pa#e'es a&s'a#(es+
Dunita
Es(- c#s(&(u&da pr '&5&# e# u# >! pud&e#d ade,-s es(ar c,pues(a pr (rs ,&#era'es+
Ví(rea+
Ne$ra! 5erde+
9!0;+
>+;+
=+7+
1a%r&car p&ezas de acer 4u#d&d+
#abro
Andesita
Sienita
Es u#a c,pues(a pr&#c&pa',e#(e de p'a$&c'asa c-'c&ca ) p&r?e# e# prprc&#es de 5'u,e# s&,&'ares+ Es u#a rca í$#ea 5'c-#&ca de c,ps&c&.# &#(er,ed&a+
I#(er,ed&! $rues+
Ca42! %'a#ca! ) #e$ra+
9!9+
9!+
=!/>+
1&#+
Gr&s scur! $r&s &#(er,ed&+
=>!;;+
7!0+
9!99+
C#s(&(u&da pr ,&#era'es! ) ,&#era'es ,-8cs c, %&(&(a ) p&r?e#+
I#(er,ed&! $rues+
B'a#c '&$era,e#(e scur+
=+7+
>+/+
9!97+
Es 5e#d&d c, ,a(er&a' de c#s(rucc&.# c# e' #,%re de $ra#&( #e$r+ Es(-# asc&adas a ,&#era'&zac&.# de c%re ) r+ I#dus(r&a de' 5&dr& ) de' p'-s(&c pr&#c&pa',e#(e+
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