T3TWS1.Introduction to SOA-R15

SOA – SOA  – Basic Concepts

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Objectives

 At the end of this session you will be able to 

Describe the need for SOA



Name the technologies used to create a web service



Create and consume a simple webservice

Objectives

 At the end of this session you will be able to 

Describe the need for SOA



Name the technologies used to create a web service



Create and consume a simple webservice

What is SOA?

SOA

SOA



Service Oriented Architecture



SOA is a way of software development based on well defined services

“Service Oriented Architecture is a paradigm for organising and utilising distributed capabilities that may be under  the control of different ownership domains. It provides a uniform means to offer, discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effectives consistent with measureable preconditions and expectations.” (OASIS)

Services Postal Services

Transport Services

Housekeeping Services

Example

Internet Store Book orders Payment

SOA key features

SOA Services

Interoperability

Loose coupling

Service Architecture 1

Service request

Provider 

Consumer  Service response

Service Architecture 2

Registry

Find

Register 

Consumer  Bind and Invoke

Provider 

SOA and technology



Resources are made available as independent services



Service may be accessed without knowledge of their underlying platform implementation



Implemented using a wide range of technologies, including REST, RPC, DCOM, RMI, CORBA, WCF or Web Services

REST  – Representational State Transfer  RPC  – Remote Procedure Calls DCOM  – Distributed Component Object Model  – Remote Method Invocation RMI CORBA  – Component Object Request Broker Architecture WCF  – Windows Communication Foundation Web Services – Also called XML Web Services to differentiate from REST web services

Webservices

WEBSERVICES

What is a Webservice? Formal Definition 

 A software system designed to support interoperable Machine to Machine interaction over a network (W3C)



The term Web services describes a standardized way of integrating Web-based applications using XML based open standards over an Internet protocol backbone (from webopedia.com)

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Services are what you connect together using Web Services

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Web Services refers to the technologies that allow for making connections

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Web Service also can be explained as a method on a system that can be invoked remotely from another system (consumer) using web technologies

 A simpler definition

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Web services are not necessarily use by humans. 



Why? They normally do not have a visual interface

Web services are a standard way for computers on the internet to publish access to program functions that they want to allow other computers to use. 

That is a web service must be invoked like a function in a computer program.

Lets write a webservice (java)  package com.temenos.calc; import javax.jws.WebService; import javax.jws.WebMethod; import javax.jws.WebParam; @WebService public class FirstService { (action=“Add") @WebMethod 

public int Add(int a, int b) throws AddNumbersException { if (a < 0 || b < 0) { throw new AddNumbersException( "Negative number cant be added!", "Numbers: " + a+ ", " + b); } return a + b; } }

 A webservice

 

 A webservice has methods (functions) which may called over the web The sample webservice 

is called FirstService



has one method called “Add”

But web services are meant to be called by software…

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Web services are meant to be called by other software



But , how do other software call a webservice?

Calling a webservice

To call a webservice, you need to know 

It’s



It’s interface:



The transport protocol : what protocol does the service understand?



The message protocol: what format does the message follow?

location: where is the service located? it’s methods, method signatures, and return values

Web Services described



XML Web service is a software service exposed on the Web through SOAP, described with a WSDL file and registered in UDDI.

Web Services Building Blocks

Discovery

UDDI, DISCO Description

WSDL Message Format

SOAP

Encoding XML, schemas Transport HTTP, SMTP, …

WSDL

SOAP?

Before we start…. Let us be clear on what is meant by 

XML Xtensible Markup Language. May be used to describe whatever you want.

You attach meanings to the tags. 

DTD or Schema Document Type Definition. To describe to others what tags are allowed in our

particular XML document, and in what structure we would expect to find them. i.e. they are mechanisms for validating the XML. 

Schema and SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol. It is a specific format of XML.



Schema and WSDL Web Services Description Language. It is a specific format of XML.

WSDL





 A WSDL service description is the XML grammar and vocabulary to describe a Web service. W3 definition

“WSDL is an XML format for describing network services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information. The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint. Related concrete endpoints are combined into abstract endpoints (services). “

WSDL



If you type the URL of a webservice followed by ?wsdl you would get something like this

SOAP

SOAP?

What can we do with SOAP?



Exchange messages 



SOAP is a specification that defines the XML format for messages

Defines an XML structure 

to call a method on a remote machine and pass arguments



To return values



To return error messages (if any)

What can we do with SOAP?

What makes up SOAP ?



Envelope package



Header/Body pattern 

Similar to how HTTP works

Header  Body Payload

Simple Example        345            3   4          

c = Add(a, b)

SOAP Elements

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Envelope (mandatory) 



Top element of the XML document representing the message

Header (optional) 



Determines how a recipient of a SOAP message should process the message

 Adds features to the SOAP message such as authentication, transaction management, payment, message routes, Security digest etc…

SOAP elements …



Body (mandatory) 

Exchanges information intended for the recipient of the message.



Typical use is for RPC calls and error reporting.

Quiz

Description The ability of diverse systems to work together  Degree to which software pieces depend on each other  I am used to describe web services I am used to describe meanings for XML tags I am used a protocol for exchanging structured information

Name it

Quiz – State True or False



Web services are the only way to implement a SOA



http is the only transport protocol used by SOAP



SOAP is an XML format

Important Points

  

SOA is a way of software development based on well defined services  A service typically exposes a single, discrete business process Services may be implemented using different technologies 



Webservices has made it popular 

Webservice uses XML standards 

SOAP



WSDL

References - Books



SOA in Practice (Nicolai Josuttis)



Java Webservices