T Rec K.56 200307 S!!PDF e

August 18, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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HA^BUAC^HKACD ^BDBGKOORAHGC^HKA RAHKA

H^R-^

^BDBGKOORAHGC^HKA W^CANCUNH\C^HKA WBG^KU K@ H^R

F.20 (9:/5997)

WBUHBW F< YUK^BG^HKA CJCHAW^ HA^BU@BUBAGB

Yrktbgthka k` rcnhk ecsb stcthkas cjchast dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.20

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.20 Yrktbgthka k` rcnhk ecsb stcthkas cjchast dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs

Wuoocry

^mhs Ubgkoobancthka prkvhnbs c qucathtcthvb prkgbnurb ha krnbr tk prktbgt rcnhk ecsb stcthkas (UEW) `kr whrbdbss cggbss abtwkrf cjchast dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs. ^mb dbvbd k` prktbgthka hs ecsbn ka tmb tkdbrcedb `rbqubagy k` ncocjb tmct hs csshjabn tk tmb UEW ey tmb kpbrctkr, gkashnbrhaj tmb gkasbqubagbs k` sbrvhgb hatbrrupthka can dkss k` bquhpobat. ^mb UEW gkvbrbn ey tmhs Ubgkoobancthka hs ocnb up k` c smbdtbr kr socdd euhdnhaj tk mkusb tmb bquhpobat can c abcrey tkwbr tk mkdn tmb catbaacs. ^mb prktbgthka prkgbnurbs hagdunb bcrtmhaj, ekanhaj, smhbdnhaj can hastcddcthka k` surjb prktbgthvb nbvhgbs (WYN).

Wkurgb

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.20 wcs prbpcrbn ey H^R-^ Wtuny Jrkup 30 (5993-599>) can cpprkvbn uanbr tmb H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka C.= prkgbnurb ka 58 Ludy 5997.

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

h

@KUBZKUN ^mb Hatbracthkacd ^bdbgkoouahgcthka Rahka (H^R) hs tmb Rahtbn Acthkas spbghcdhzbn cjbagy ha tmb `hbdn k` tbdbgkoouahgcthkas. ^mb H^R ^bdbgkoouahgcthka Wtcancrnhzcthka Wbgtkr (H^R-^) hs c pbrocabat krjca k` H^R. H^R-^ hs rbspkashedb `kr stunyhaj tbgmahgcd, kpbrcthaj can tcrh`` qubsthkas can hssuhaj Ubgkoobancthkas ka tmbo whtm c vhbw tk stcancrnhzhaj tbdbgkoouahgcthkas ka c wkrdnwhnb ecshs. ^mb Zkrdn ^bdbgkoouahgcthka Wtcancrnhzcthka Cssboedy (Z^WC), wmhgm obbts bvbry `kur ybcrs, bstcedhsmbs tmb tkphgs `kr stuny ey tmb H^R-^ stuny jrkups wmhgm, ha tura, prknugb Ubgkoobancthkas ka tmbsb tkphgs. ^mb cpprkvcd k` H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthkas hs gkvbrbn ey tmb prkgbnurb dchn nkwa ha Z^WC Ubskduthka 3. Ha skob crbcs k` ha`krocthka tbgmakdkjy wmhgm `cdd whtmha H^R-^'s purvhbw, tmb abgbsscry stcancrns crb prbpcrbn ka c gkddcekrcthvb ecshs whtm HWK can HBG.

AK^B Ha tmhs Ubgkoobancthka, tmb bxprbsshka "Cnohahstrcthka" hs usbn `kr gkaghsbabss tk hanhgctb ektm c tbdbgkoouahgcthka cnohahstrcthka can c rbgkjahzbn kpbrcthaj cjbagy. Gkopdhcagb whtm tmhs Ubgkoobancthka hs vkduatcry. Mkwbvbr, tmb Ubgkoobancthka ocy gkatcha gbrtcha ocanctkry prkvhshkas (tk basurb b.j. hatbrkpbrcehdhty kr cppdhgcehdhty) can gkopdhcagb whtm tmb Ubgkoobancthka hs cgmhbvbn wmba cdd k` tmbsb ocanctkry prkvhshkas crb obt. ^mb wkrns "smcdd" kr skob ktmbr kedhjctkry dcajucjb sugm cs "oust" can tmb abjcthvb bquhvcdbats crb usbn tk bxprbss rbquhrbobats. ^mb usb k` sugm wkrns nkbs akt sujjbst tmct gkopdhcagb whtm tmb Ubgkoobancthka hs rbquhrbn k` cay pcrty.

HA^BDDBG^RCD YUKYBU^X UHJM^W H^R nrcws cttbathka tk tmb pksshehdhty tmct tmb prcgthgb kr hopdbobatcthka k` tmhs Ubgkoobancthka ocy havkdvb tmb usb k` c gdchobn Hatbddbgtucd Yrkpbrty Uhjmt. H^R tcfbs ak pkshthka gkagbrahaj tmb bvhnbagb, vcdhnhty kr cppdhgcehdhty k` gdchobn Hatbddbgtucd Yrkpbrty Uhjmts, wmbtmbr cssbrtbn ey H^R oboebrs kr ktmbrs kutshnb k` tmb Ubgkoobancthka nbvbdkpobat prkgbss. Cs k` tmb nctb k` cpprkvcd k` tmhs Ubgkoobancthka, H^R mcn akt rbgbhvbn akthgb k` hatbddbgtucd prkpbrty, prktbgtbn ey pctbats, wmhgm ocy eb rbquhrbn tk hopdbobat tmhs Ubgkoobancthka. Mkwbvbr, hopdbobatkrs crb gcuthkabn tmct tmhs ocy akt rbprbsbat tmb dctbst ha`krocthka can crb tmbrb`krb strkajdy urjbn tk gkasudt tmb ^WE pctbat nctcecsb.

 H^R 5997 Cdd rhjmts rbsbrvbn. Ak pcrt k` tmhs puedhgcthka ocy eb rbprknugbn, ey cay obcas wmctskbvbr, whtmkut tmb prhkr wrhttba pbrohsshka k` H^R.

hh

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

GKA^BA^W Ycjb

3

Wgkpb can purpksb ............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .................................... .............

3

5

Ub`brbagbs..................................................... Ub`brbagbs............................................................................ .............................................. ......................................... ..................

3

7

Nb`hahthkas .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ............................................... ........................

5

>

Ceerbvhcthkas.................................................... Ceerbvhcthkas........................................................................... .............................................. ..................................... ..............

5

2 0

Ub`brbagb gka`hjurcthka....................................... gka`hjurcthka.............................................................. .............................................. .................................. ........... Abbn k` prktbgthka ............................................... ....................................................................... ............................................... ................................. ..........

5 7

:

Yrkecehdhsthg cacdyshs .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ............................... ........

>

:.3

............................................................... ................... ^kdbrcedb `rbqubagy k` ncocjb ( @ @ t t) ............................................

>

:.5

@rbqubagy k` strhfbs tk tmb tkwbr ( @ @ c)............................................................

2

:.7

@rbqubagy k` strhfbs tk tmb UEW mkushaj ( @ @ n n)................................................

2

:.>

Cacdyshs k` tmb `rbqubagy k` strhfbs ............................................ ............................................................... ...................

2

=

Nbtbrohacthka k` tmb dhjmtahaj gurrbat pcrcobtbrs....................................... pcrcobtbrs....................................................... ................

0

8

Yrktbgthka prkgbnurbs ha DY\9 ............................................. .................................................................... ........................................ .................

0

8.3

Yrkgbnurbs cppdhbn tk tmb tkwbr ................................................ ..................................................................... .....................

0

39

8.5 Bcrtmhaj systbo ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... ......................... .. Yrktbgthka prkgbnurbs `kr tmb gcedbs tmct gkob `rko tmb tkwbr ................................... ...................................

: :

33

Yrktbgthka cjchast tmb dhjmtahaj b``bgts hashnb tmb mkushaj .......................................... ..........................................

=

33.3

Wmhbdnhaj `cgtkr (κ) .............................................. ..................................................................... .......................................... ...................

=

33.5

Obsm-EA gka`hjurcthka................................................................ gka`hjurcthka.................................................................................. ..................

8

33.7

Obsm-HEA gka`hjurcthka ............................................ ................................................................... .................................... .............

33

33.>

Yrktbgthka prkgbnurbs ct tmb ekuancry ebtwbba DY\3 can DY\5.................. DY\5 ..................

33

Yrktbgthka cjchast tmb dhjmtahaj b``bgts ct tmb sbrvhgbs batrcagbs...................... batrcagbs ................................. ...........

35

35.3

Ykwbr sbrvhgb.................................................... sbrvhgb........................................................................... .............................................. .......................

35

35.5

^bdbgkoouahgcthka sbrvhgb sbrvhgb....................... .............................................. ............................................... .............................. ......

37

Caabx C ‗ @cgtkr `kr gurrbat nhstrheuthka cdkaj c tkwbr ( γ) .................... ........................................... .............................. ....... C.3 ûeudcr tkwbr .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ............................ .....

3> 3>

35

C.5

^mrbb dbjs tkwbr ............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. ......................... ..

3>

C.5

@kur dbjs tkwbr .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .......................... ...

32

Caabx E ‗ Wmhbdnhaj `cgtkr (κ) `kr GEA dkkps .............................................. ..................................................................... ......................... ..

30

Caabx G ‗ ^rcas`br `cgtkr ( ε) `kr gcedb trcys can bcrtm gkanugtkrs ....................................... .......................................

3:

G.3

Whajdb bcrtm gkanugtkr...................... gkanugtkr .............................................. ................................................ ...................................... ..............

3:

G.5

Nkuedb bcrtm gkanugtkrs................................................................ gkanugtkrs................................................................................. .................

3:

G.7

Bcrtm pdctb trcy ............................................... ....................................................................... ................................................ ........................

3=

Caabx N ‗ Jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus....................... rcnhus ................................................ ................................................. .......................................... ..................

38

Cppbanhx H ‗ Ucthkacdb `kr b``bgthvb `rkat thob............................................................ thob....................................................................... ........... Cppbanhx HH ‗ Bxcopdb k` cppdhgcthka ............................................... ........................................................................ ...................................... .............

59 53

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

hhh

Hatrknugthka

^mb whnbsprbcn usb k` rcnhk ecsb stcthkas (UEW) `kr okehdb tbdbpmkay can `kr whrbdbss dkgcd dkkp erkujmt gkagbras cekut tmbhr bxpksurb tk dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs, wmhgm ocy gcusb ncocjb tk tmb UEW bquhpobat can gcedhaj. ^mhs Ubgkoobancthka prkvhnbs prktbgthka prkgbnurbs `kr UEW bquhpobat can gcedhaj cjchast dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs, ecsbn ka `rbqubagy cacdyshs k` tmb hastcddcthka.

hv

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.20 Yrktbgthka k` rcnhk ecsb stcthkas cjchast dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs 3

Wgkpb can purpksb

^mhs Ubgkoobancthka cnnrbssbs tmb UEW ocnb up k` c smbdtbr kr socdd euhdnhaj tk mkusb tmb bquhpobat can c abcrey tkwbr tk mkdn tmb catbaacs, ha sugm wcy tmct tmb tkwbr whdd prbvbat dhjmtahaj mhtthaj tmbk`smbdtbr kr socdd euhdnhaj. ^mb purpksb tmhs Ubgkoobancthka hs tk jhvb grhtbrhc `kr`rko tmb nb`hahthka prkgbnurbs ha krnbr tk prktbgt tmb UEWk`cjchast dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs. 5

Ub`brbagbs

^mb `kddkwhaj H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthkas can ktmbr rb`brbagbs gkatcha prkvhshkas wmhgm, tmrkujm rb`brbagb ha tmhs tbxt, gkasthtutb prkvhshkas k` tmhs Ubgkoobancthka. Ct tmb thob k` puedhgcthka, tmb bnhthkas hanhgctbn wbrb vcdhn. Cdd Ubgkoobancthkas can ktmbr rb`brbagbs crb suelbgt tk rbvhshka6 usbrs k` tmhs Ubgkoobancthka crb tmbrb`krb bagkurcjbn tk havbsthjctb tmb pksshehdhty k` cppdyhaj tmb okst rbgbat bnhthka k` tmb Ubgkoobancthkas can ktmbr rb`brbagbs dhstbn ebdkw. C dhst k` tmb gurrbatdy vcdhn H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthkas hs rbjudcrdy puedhsmbn. ^mb rb`brbagb tk c nkguobat whtmha tmhs Ubgkoobancthka nkbs akt jhvb ht, cs c stcan-cdkab nkguobat, tmb stctus k` c Ubgkoobancthka. V3_

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.78 (3880), Uhsf (3880), Uhsf cssbssobat k` ncocjbs tk tbdbgkoouahgcthka shtbs nub tk dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs. nhsgmcrjbs.

V5_

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.>9 (3880), Yrktbgthka (3880), Yrktbgthka cjchast DBOY ha tbdbgkoouahgcthkas gbatrbs.. gbatrbs

V7_

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.5: (3880), Ekanhaj (3880), Ekanhaj gka`hjurcthkas can bcrtmhaj hashnb c tbdbgkoouahgcthka euhdnhaj .

V>_

H^R-^ Ubgkoobancthka F.72 (3880), Ekanhaj (3880), Ekanhaj gka`hjurcthkas can bcrtmhaj ct rboktb bdbgtrkahg shtbs. shtbs.

V2_

HBG 0395>-3-3-3-3-3-5-3-57-37-357-35

^bdbgko dhab ;

X

A Gdcusb 33.5

UEW hs prktbgtbn `kr @t

F.920[@95

@hjurb 5/F.20 ‗ @dkw nhcjrco `kr prktbgthaj c UEW cjchast dhjmtahaj :

Yrkecehdhsthg cacdyshs

:.3

^kdbrcedb `rbqubagy k` ncocjb (@ tt )

^mb purpksb k` tmb prktbgthvb obcsurbs nbsgrhebn ha tmhs Ubgkoobancthka hs tk rbnugb tmb bgkakohg dkssbs nub tk ncocjbs tk c dbvbd tkdbrcedb ey tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka kpbrctkr. ^mb prktbgthka prkgbnurbs rbjcrnhaj rb jcrnhaj tmb sc`bty k` pbkpdb crb nbtbrohabn ey tmb rbdbvcat sc`bty cutmkrhty can hs kut k` tmb sgkpb k` tmhs Ubgkoobancthka. Gkashnbrhaj tmb prkecehdhsthg acturb k` dhjmtahaj, tmb kpbrctkr mcs tk tkdbrctb c dbvbd k` bgkakohg dkssbs nub tk dhjmtahaj ha krnbr tk cgmhbvb c prktbgthka nbshja ecsbn ka c tbgmahgcd can bgkakohg gkoprkohsb. ^mb tkdbrcedb `rbqubagy k` ncocjb ( @ t t) hs jhvba ey< @ t ? Dt /Dn wmbrb< Dt ? tkdbrcedb bgkakohg dkss pbr ybcr nub tk dhjmtahaj strhfbs ha c jhvba UEW6 Dn ? prkecedb bgkako bgkakohg hg dkss nub tk c ncocjb gcusbn ey dhjmtahaj dhjmtahaj ha c jhvba UEW.

>

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

^mb vcdub k` Dn gca eb gkoputbn ey tmb kpbrctkr gkashnbrhaj tmb `kddkwhaj skurgbs k` bgkakohg dkss, cokaj ktmbrs< ‗

tmb dkss k` rbvbaub nub tk sbrvhgb hatbrrupthka6

‗

tmb `habs tmct ocy eb hopksbn ey c gkopcay tmct gkatrcgtbn tmb hatbrruptbn sbrvhgb kr ey tmb ^bdbgkoouahgcthka Cutmkrhty6

‗

tmb nbjrcncthka k` tmb gkopcay's hocjb whtm tmb puedhg6

‗

tmb gkst k` rbpdcghaj tmb ncocjbn bquhpobat.

^mbrb`krb, tmb bgkakohg dkssbs gcusbn ey kab ncocjb bvbat nbpban ka tmb gmcrcgtbrhsthgs k` tmb UEW, sugm cs trc``hg, gkatrcgt `habs, typb k` bquhpobat, cggbsshehdhty tk ochatbacagb stc``, btg. ^mb vcdub k` D k` Dt hs nb`habn ey tmb kpbrctkr, ecsbn ka hts eushabss pdca, can smkudn tcfb hatk cggkuat tmb gkst k` hopdbobathaj tmb prktbgthka prkgbnurbs. ^yphgcd vcdubs k` @ tt `kr UEW whdd eb ha tmb rcajb `rko 9.39 tk 9.93. :.5

@rbqubagy k` strhfbs tk tmb tkwbr (@ c)

^mb `rbqubagy k` strhfbs tk tmb tkwbr hs jhvba ey< 5

@ c ? 8 g ω M t A j Vncocjbs Ú ybcr ‗3 _

(3)

wmbrb< A j ? jrkuan `dcsm nbashty (`dcsmbs Ú fo ‗5 Ú ybcr ‗3) M t t ? tkwbr mbhjmt (fo) g ? bxpkshthka `cgtkr (g ? 3 `kr `dct jrkuan can g ? 5 `kr okuatcha okuatcha tkp) :.7

@rbqubagy k` strhfbs tk tmb UEW mkushaj (@ nn )

H` tmb UEW mkushaj hs hashnb c ghrgudcr crbc crkuan tmb tkwbr nb`habn ey tmb rcnhus 7 ( M ( M tt ‗ M m), wmbrb M wmbrb M m hs tmb mkushaj mbhjmt, tmba< @ n n ? 9 Ktmbrwhsb, tmb `rbqubagy k` strhfbs hs jhvba ey<

(

5

) V

_

@ n ? c e + 0 M m c + 0 M m e + 8 ω M m A j strhfbs Ú ybcr ∕3

(5)

wmbrb< c ? mkushaj dbajtm (fo) e ? mkushaj whntm (fo) M m ? mkushaj mbhjmt (fo) :.>

Cacdyshs k` tmb `rbqubagy k` strhfbs

Ecsbn ka tmb vcdubs k` @ k` @ t t, @ c can can @ @ n n ketchabn prbvhkusdy, tmb `kddkwhaj cacdyshs smcdd eb nkab< ‗

H` @ H` @ t t ≢ @ @ c + @ + @ n n

tmba tmb nhrbgt dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjb hs akt c pmbakobac k` prhob hopkrtcagb `kr tmb UEW can ht gca eb trbctbn cs ca krnhacry rboktb bdbgtrkahg shtb, wmhgm hs uanbr tmb sgkpb k` H^R-^ Ubg. F.72. ‗

39 @ + @ n H` @ H` @ t t 4 @ @ n @ c + @ n n can @ c 4 39

tmba tmb hastcddcthka nkbs akt `cdd hatk tmb sgkpb k` tmhs Ubgkoobancthka. Ha tmhs gcsb tmb usbr smcdd rb`br tk HBG 05792-> ha krnbr tk prktbgt tmb bdbgtrhgcd can bdbgtrkahg systbos whtmha tmb UEW mkushaj. ‗

H` @ H` @ t t 4 @ @ c + @ + @ n 39 @ @ n n can @ c ≢ 39 n H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

2

tmba tmb usbr smcdd `kddkw tmb stbps k` tmhs Ubgkoobancthka tk hnbath`y tmb dhjmtahaj gurrbat pcrcobtbrs `kr wmhgm tmb UEW mcvb tk eb prktbgtbn. =

Nbtbrohacthka k` tmb dhjmtahaj gurrbat pcrcobtbrs

^mb auoebr k` nhrbgt strhfbs tk tmb tkwbr hs nbtbrohabn ey tmb jrkuan `dcsm nbashty k` tmb rbjhka can tkwbr mbhjmt. Gkashnbrhaj tmct tmb rbnugthka ha tmb tkwbr mbhjmt hs akt pksshedb nub tk trcasohsshka gkastrchats, tmb tkdbrcedb `rbqubagy k` ncocjb gca eb ketchabn ey rchshaj tmb UEW rbshsthehdhty up tk c jhvba gurrbat dbvbd. ^mbrb`krb, tmb nhrbgt strhfbs whtm gurrbats ebdkw tmhs grhthgcd dbvbd whdd gcusb ak ncocjb tk tmb UEW. ^mhs grhthgcd dhjmtahaj pbcf gurrbat hs nbshjactbn cs H g can jhvba ey< H g ? (c ‗ da (399 p c )) / e

VfC_

(7)

wmbrb< pc ? @ t t / @ / @ c c ? >.092 can

e ? 9.933:

`kr

pc 1 9.:8

c ? 2.907 can

e ? 9.97>0

`kr

pc ≮ 9.:8

^mb grhthgcd dhjmtahaj gurrbat rctb k` rhsb (nh (nhg/n /nt t ) hs jhvba ey tmb `kddkwhaj bqucthka< nh g nt

?

H g t b``

VfC / ²s_

wmbrb< t b`` b`` ? 3 ²s hs tmb b``bgthvb `rkat thob nbsgrhebn ha Cppbanhx H ^mb `kddkwhaj gdcusbs nbsgrheb tmb prktbgthka prkgbnurbs hatbanbn tk prktbgt tmb UEW up tk tmb grhthgcd gurrbat gkashnbrbn. AK^B ‗ ^mb dhjmtahaj gurrbat pbcf vcdub gkrrbspkans tk tmb `hrst strkfb, wmhdb tmb nh/nt /nt gkrrbspkans tk c suesbqubat strkfb. ^mb rbdcthka ebtwbba tmbsb twk pcrcobtbrs hs ha dhab whtm HBG 03005. @kr bxcopdb, c dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjb whtm 399 fC pbcf gurrbat gkrrbspkans tk c n h/nt /nt bqucd tk 399 fC/ ²s. Ha tmhs Ubgkoobancthka, skob prktbgthka prkgbnurbs crb nbtbrohabn ey tmb gurrbat, wmhdb ktmbrs crb nbtbrohabn ey tmb gurrbat rctb k` rhsb (nh (n h/n /nt t ))..

8

Yrktbgthka prkgbnurbs ha DY\9

8.3

Yrkgbnurbs cppdhbn tk tmb tkwbr

^mb abbn k` dhjmtahaj rkns ha krnbr tk prktbgt tmb catbaacs `rko c nhrbgt strhfb smcdd eb cssbssbn ey tmb obtmkns nbsgrhebn ha HBG 0395>-3-3 V2_. @kr c obtcddhg tkwbr, tmbrb hs ak abbn tk hastcdd nkwa gkanugtkrs ha krnbr tk gkanugt tmb dhjmtahaj gurrbat tk bcrtm, cs tmb tkwbr strugturb htsbd` whdd nk tmhs lke. @kr c aka-obtcddhg tkwbr, tmb hastcddcthka k` nkwa gkanugtkrs hs abgbsscry. ^mb nkwa gkanugtkr spbgh`hgcthka can hastcddcthka smcdd gkopdy whtm HBG 0395>-3-5 V0_. ^mb wcvb juhnb can tmb bxtbracd gkanugtkr k` gkcxhcd gcedbs smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb obtcddhg tkwbr tmrkujm tmb catbaac mcrnwcrb. @kr aka-obtcddhg tkwbrs, tmb ekanhaj smcdd eb ocnb tk tmb dhjmtahaj nkwa gkanugtkr(s).

0

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

8.5

Bcrtmhaj systbo

^mb bcrtmhaj systbo `kr tmb UEW smcdd eb ha dhab whtm H^R-^ Ubg. F.72 V>_ whtm skob cnnhthkacd rbquhrbobats. ^mb nbsgrhpthka k` tmb bcrtmhaj systbo hs jhvba ha tmhs gdcusb can hts nhcjrco hs smkwa ha @hjurb 7. ‗

^mb UEW smcdd mcvb c eurhbn bxtbrhkr ecrb gkanugtkr `krohaj c rhaj crkuan tmb mkushaj can tmb tkwbr. Kab rhaj bdbgtrknb smcdd baghrgdb tmb mkushaj can caktmbr rhaj smcdd baghrgdb tmb tkwbr.

‗

^mb nhstcagb `rko tmb eurhbn gkanugtkr can tmb csskghctbn strugturb s trugturb smcdd eb cpprkxhoctbdy 9.02 o, wmbrb prcgthgcd. ^mb nbptm k` tmb gkanugtkr smcdd eb cpprkxhoctbdy 9.:2 o.

‗

^mb twk rhajs smcdd eb hatbrgkaabgtbn ey ct dbcst 7 spcgbn gkanugtkrs (sbb @hjurb 7).

‗

^mb dbjs k` c obtcddhg tkwbr kr tmb nkwa gkanugtkrs k` c aka-obtcddhg tkwbr smcdd eb ekanbn tmrkujm smkrt gkaabgthkas tk hts bcrtm rhaj can tk tmb obtcddhg strugturb k` hts ecsbobat.

‗

H` tmb mkushaj mcs c `kuancthka stbbd can/kr stbbd rbha`krgbobat ct tmb `dkkr, tmby smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb bcrtm bcrt m rhaj ct dbcst dbcs t ct tmb > gkrabrs. H` tmb mkushaj hs obtcddhg, obtcddh g, hts `bbt smcdd s mcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb bcrtm rhaj (sbb @hjurb 7).

‗

Kab bcrtm gkanugtkr smcdd gkaabgt tmb bcrtm rhaj k` tmb mkushaj whtm tmb Ocha Bcrtmhaj ^brohacd (OB^) dkgctbn hashnb tmb mkushaj, ct tmb ekttko k` tmb wcdd tmct `cgbs tmb tkwbr. ^mhs gkanugtkr smcdd eb cs smkrt cs pksshedb can mcvb 29 oo5 cs ohahouo grkss sbgthka crbc.

‗

Cdd gkanugtkrs ha gkatcgt whtm tmb bcrtm smcdd eb prb`brcedb ocnb k` gkppbr can mcvb 29 oo5 cs ohahouo grkss sbgthka crbc.

‗

Acthkacd sc`bty rudbs can/kr tmb gkatrkd k` bcrtm vkdtcjb jrcnhbat can/kr tmb dhohtcthka k` gurrbat halbgtbn hatk obtcddhg sbrvhgbs gkaabgtbn tk tmb UEW ocy rbquhrb cnnhthkacd bcrtm bdbgtrknbs. ^mbsb cnnhthkacd bdbgtrknbs smcdd prb`brcedy eb vbrthgcd rkns cdkaj tmb rhajs can/kr mkrhzkatcd rcnhcd gkanugtkrs `rko tmb tkwbr. Mkushaj bcrtm rhaj

^kwbr bcrtm rhaj UEW mkushaj

Pbrthgcd rkns (kpthkacd)

^kwbr

Ucnhcd gkanugtkrs (kpthkacd) F.920[@97

@hjurb 7/F.20 ‗ Bcrtm gka`hjurcthka `kr tmb UEW 39

Yrktbgthka prkgbnurbs `kr tmb gcedbs tmct gkob `rko tmb tkwbr

Cdd gcedbs tmct batbr tmb UEW `rko tmb tkwbr smcdd batbr tmrkujm tmb scob whankw can smcdd eb ekanbn tk c ekanhaj ecr hastcddbn hastcddb n ct tmhs pkhat. ^mb wcvb juhnbs can c an tmb kutbr gkanugtkr k` gkcxhcd gcedbs smcdd eb nhrbgtdy ekanbn tk tmb ekanhaj ecr ey obcas k` smkrt gkaabgthkas. ^mb uasmhbdnbn gcedbs (`kr bxcopdb, pkwbr gcedbs `kr dhjmthaj tmb tkwbr) smcdd eb ekanbn tmrkujm WYN. ^mb ekanhaj ecr smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb bcrtmhaj systbo s ystbo ey obcas k` vbrthgcd gkanugtkrs (c ohahouo k` tmrbb spcgbn gkanugtkrs hs rbgkoobanbn). H` tmb UEW mkushaj hs ocnb k` obtcd, cnnhthkacd ekanhaj

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

:

smcdd eb ocnb ebtwbba tmb ekanhaj ecr can tmb mkushaj wcdd. ^mb bcrtm gkanugtkrs can obtcddhg gcedb suppkrts hashnb tmb UEW mkushaj smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb ekanhaj ecr. ^mb abbn `kr hastcddcthka k` WYN ebtwbba tmb haabr can kutbr gkanugtkrs k` gkcxhcd gcedbs tmct gkob `rko tmb tkwbr gca eb nbtbrohabn ey tmb `kddkwhaj stbps< ‗

Nbtbrohab tmb `rcgthka k` tmb dhjmtahaj gurrbat tmct `dkws tmrkujm tmb euandb k` gcedbs cdkaj tmb tkwbr. ^mhs pcrcobtbr hs rbprbsbatbn ey tmb tkwbr `cgtkr "γ" tmct hs nbtbrohabn ey tmb prkgbnurbs nbsgrhebn ha Caabx C.

‗

Nhstrheutb tmb rbsudtcat gurrbat g urrbat ey tmb "a" gkanugtkrs tmct ocfb pcrt k` tmb euandb. @kr tmhs gcdgudcthka, ht hs gkashnbrbn tmct tmb gurrbat smcrb k` c jhvba gkcxhcd gcedb hs prkpkrthkacd tk hts jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus (JOU). Cdd gkanugtkrs ha tmb euandb, sugm cs wcvb juhnbs, gkcxhcd gcedbs, pkwbr gcedbs, nkwa gkanugtkrs can ecrs k` gcedb rcgfs (h` gkathaukus cdkaj tmb tkwbr) smkudn eb tcfba hatk gkashnbrcthka.

‗

Gcdgudctb tmb pbcf trcasvbrsb vkdtcjb (P t t) ha tmb gkcxhcd gcedbs ey oudthpdyhaj tmb pbcf gurrbat ey tmb gcedb dbajtm can hts trcas`br hopbncagb pbr uaht dbajtm. @kr tueudcr gcedbs can tmb `rbqubagy rcajb k` dhjmtahaj gurrbats, tmb trcas`br hopbncagb gca eb gkasbrvcthvbdy gkashnbrbn cs bqucd tk tmb NG rbshstcagb.

‗

Gkopcrb tmb trcasvbrsb vkdtcjb ketchabn whtm tmb rbshsthehdhty k` tmb bquhpobat hatbr`cgb gkaabgtbn tk tmb gcedb. H` tmb trcasvbrsb vkdtcjb hs jrbctbr tmca tmb rbshsthehdhty, tmba WYN hs abgbsscry. Bqucthka > suoocrhzbs tmb gcdgudcthka k` P tt . Pt ? H g γ D z t r x / r cdd V fP _

(>)

wmbrb< H g< grhthgcd gurrbat VfC_6 z t t

^bdbgkoouahgcthka

@hjurb >/F.20 ‗ UEW whtm Obsm-EA gka`hjurcthka gka`hjurcthka

^mb hanugbn vkdtcjb P h whdd jhvb rhsb tk hanugbn gurrbats hashnb tmb UEW. ^mb `dkw k` tmbsb gurrbats tban tk gcagbd tmb ocjabthg `dux ct tmb gdksbn dkkps hashnb tmb Obsm-EA. Mkwbvbr, c rbshnucd `dux whdd rbocha ha kpba ghrguhtbn dkkps ocnb ey shjacd can pkwbr gcedbs, dbcnhaj tk c rbshnucd hanugbn vkdtcjb, wmhgm hs jhvba ey Bqucthka 0< P r ? ε P h

(0)

wmbrb< P r r < rbshnucd hanugbn vkdtcjb VfP_6 P h< hanugbn vkdtcjb VfP_ jhvba ey Bqucthka 2 VfP_6

ε< trcas`br `cgtkr jhvba ha Caabx G. ^mb rbshnucd vkdtcjb hs cppdhbn ebtwbba tmb uasmhbdnbn shjacd kr pkwbr gkanugtkrs can tmb bquhpobat `rcob. ^mhs vkdtcjb smcdd eb gkopcrbn whtm tmb bquhpobat rbshsthehdhty. H` ht hs jrbctbr tmca tmb rbshsthehdhty dbvbd, tmba tmb trcas`br `cgtkr ( ε) smcdd eb rbnugbn ey obcas k` smhbdnhaj gkanugtkrs (sbb Caabx G) kr WYN smcdd eb hastcddbn ct tmb bquhpobat pkrt (DY\3/DY\5 hatbr`cgb). @kr smhbdnbn gcedbs, tmb rbshnucd vkdtcjb hs jhvba ey tmb prknugt k` tmb smhbdn trcas`br hopbncagb ey tmb `rcgthka k` tmb hanugbn gurrbat tmct `dkws tmrkujm ht. Gkashnbrhaj tmb smkrt dbajtm k` gcedbs hashnb c UEW, tmb hanugbn vkdtcjbs ha c smhbdnbn gkanugtkr hs usucddy abjdhjhedb. ^mbrb`krb, gkoehahaj Bqucthka 2 whtm Bqucthka 0 can rbpdcghaj tmb rbshnucd vkdtcjb ey tmb bquhpobat rbshsthehdhty (P (P rrbs bs) dbcns tk tmb Bqucthka : tmct stctbs tmb gkanhthka `kr bquhpobat prktbgthka hashnb c UEW mkushaj ushaj Obsm-EA gka`hjurcthka< gka`hjurcthka< P rbs ≢ 9.5 ε

nhg nt

m f κ da

` + b `

(:)

Ha krnbr tk gkopdy whtm tmb Bqucthka :, kab kr okrb k` tmb `kddkwhaj prkgbnurbs gca eb trhbn< ‗

Ub-crrcajb tmb bquhpobat hashnb tmb UEW ha krnbr tk rbnugb tmb dkkp bxpkshthka ey rbnughaj tmb dbajtm "b" kr tmb mbhjmt "m" (sbb @hjurb >).

‗

Hoprkvb tmb smhbdnhaj `cgtkr k` tmb UEW (sbb 33.3) ha krnbr tk rbnugb κ.

39

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

‗

Hoprkvb tmb gkupdhaj ebtwbba tmb bcrtm gkanugtkrs can tmb gcedbs (sbb Caabx G) ha krnbr tk rbnugb tmb trcas`br `cgtkr ε.

‗

Hagrbcsb tmb bquhpobat rbshsthehdhty (P ( P rrbs bs) ey cnnhaj WYNs ct hts pkrts.

33.7

Obsm-HEA gka`hjurcthka gka`hjurcth ka

^mb jbabrcd gmcrcgtbrhsthgs k` c Obsm-HEA gka`hjurcthka crb nbsgrhebn ha H^R-^ Ubg F.5: V7_. Hts cppdhgcthka hashnb c UEW mkushaj (DY\3) rbquhrbs tmb `kddkwhaj prkgbnurbs< ‗

Cdd gkanugtkrs smcdd batbr tmb UEW mkushaj tmrkujm c shajdb pkhat gkaabgthka whankw (WYGZ). ^mb WYGZ smcdd eb cs socdd cs pksshedb. Yrb`brcedy, cdd gkanugtkrs (hagdunhaj gcedbs `rko tmb tkwbr, c.g. pkwbr can kutshnb pdcat tbdbgkoouahgcthka gcedbs) smcdd batbr tmb UEW ct tmb scob whankw can eb ekanbn tk tmb scob ekanhaj ecr.

‗

^mb bquhpobat can gcedhaj hashnb tmb UEW smcdd eb hasudctbn hasudc tbn `rko tmb `dkkr `d kkr can tmb wcdds. wcd ds. ^mhs hasudcthka smcdd eb cedb tk whtmstcan tmb hanugbn vkdtcjb P h cs jhvba ey Bqucthka 2.

^mb @hjurb 2 smkws sgmbocthgcddy tmb gcedhaj k` c UEW whtm Obsm-HEA gka`hjurcthka. Catbaac tkwbr Hg Hasudctbn gcedb suppkrt b

`

WYGZ H'g

Bquhp.

m Hasudcthka

Bquhp.

c.g./n.g.

Hasudcthka

Ykwbr F.920[@92

^bdbgkoouahgcthka

@hjurb 2/F.20 ‗ UEW whtm Obsm-HEA gka`hjurcthka gka`hjurcthka 33.>

Yrktbgthka prkgbnurbs ct tmb ekuancry ebtwbba DY\3 can DY\5

^mb ekuancry ebtwbba DY\3 can DY\5 hs tmb bquhpobat gcehabts can rcgfs (sbb @hjurb 3). ^mb `kddkwhaj prkgbnurbs crb rbgkoobanbn< ‗

Wmhbdnbn gcedbs smcdd mcvb tmbhr smhbdn ekanbn tk tmb bquhpobat gcehabts ct ektm shnbs.

‗

Bcrtm gkanugtkrs (YB) smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb bquhpobat o obtcddhg btcddhg rcgfs.

‗

Obtcddhg suppkrt k` tmb gcedbs (trcys) smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb bquhpobat obtcddhg rcgfs ct dbcst ha twk spcgbn pkhats.

‗

H` abgbsscry `kr Obsm-EA gka`hjurcthka, WYN smcdd eb hastcddbn ebtwbba tmb uasmhbdnbn gkanugtkrs can tmb bquhpobat `rcob (sbb 33.5).

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

33

35

Yrktbgthka cjchast tmb dhjmtahaj b``bgts ct tmb sbrvhgbs batrcagbs

^yphgcd UEW mcvb obtcddhg gkaabgthkas whtm pkwbr can, skobthobs, tbdbgkoouahgcthka sbrvhgbs. ^mb prktbgthka prkgbnurbs cppdhbn tk tmb sbrvhgbs ct tmb hatbr`cgb ebtwbba DY\9 can DY\3 crb jhvba ha tmhs gdcusb. 35.3

Ykwbr sbrvhgb

Ha krnbr tk prktbgt tmb pkwbr hatbr`cgb cjchast dhjmtahaj strhfbs ha tmb UEW tkwbr, ht hs abgbsscry tk hastcdd WYNs ct tmb pkhat wmbrb tmb pkwbr gkanugtkrs batbr tmb UEW mkushaj. ^mbsb WYNs whdd cdsk prktbgt tmb UEW cjchast dhjmtahaj-hanugbn surjbs gkanugtbn ey tmb pkwbr gkanugtkrs tk tmb UEW. ^mb WYNs smcdd gkopdy g kopdy whtm HBG 030>7-3 can HBG 030>7-35. Ha krnbr tk rbnugb tmb rbshnucd vkdtcjb ct tmb pkwbr batrcagb, tmb pkwbr gkanugtkr smcdd batbr tmb UEW mkushaj abcr tmb Ocha Bcrtm ^brohacd (OB^). ^mb gkaabgthkas ebtwbba tmb pkwbr gkanugtkrs, tmb WYNs can tmb OB^ smcdd eb ocnb cs smkrt cs pksshedb can whtm gkanugtkrs k` rbcskacedb grkss sbgthka. Yrb`brcedy, kab hanhvhnucd gkanugtkr smkudn eb usbn `kr bcgm gkaabgthka tk tmb OB^ (sbb @hjurb 0). H` tmb pkwbr gcedb hs smhbdnbn, hts smhbdn smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb OB^. Ha krnbr tk cssurb tmct tmb rbshsthehdhty k` tmb bquhpobat's pkwbr haput whdd akt eb bxgbbnbn ey tmb rbshnucd vkdtcjb, tmb hastcddcthka pcrcobtbrs smcdd eb cnlustbn ha krnbr tk gkopdy whtm Bqucthka = (sbb @hjurb 0)< P rbs ≢ 9.5

 U j   e + r p  D p   da   ∕ P spn nt U \ r +   p  p   j

nhg

(=)

wmbrb< P rbs pkwbr haput pkrt pkrt k` tmb bquhpobat VfP_6 rbs< rbshsthehdhty k` tmb pkwbr D p< dbajtm k` tmb tmb gkaabgthka ebtwbba tmb pkwbr gkanugtkrs gkanugtkrs can tmb OB^ Vo_6 r p< jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus k` tmb gkaabgthka ebtwbba tmb pkwbr gkanugtkrs can tmb OB^ (nhrbgtdy kr tmrkujm WYNs) Vo_6 e< nhstcagb ebtwbba tmb WYNs can tmb tmb bquhpobat tk eb prktbgtbn Vo_6 P spn < rbshnucd vkdtcjb k` tmb WYN VfP_6 VfP_6 U j < bcrtm rbshstcagb k` tmb UEW UEW V℠_6 \ p< surjb hopbncagb k` tmb pkwbr dhab V℠_. ^mb surjb hopbncagb k` tmb pkwbr dhab hs jhvba ey Bqucthka 8<

 

3/ 5

\ p ? 09 da c + 0>= (σ / ` D )

  / r  D  

V℠_

wmbrb<

σ< bcrtm rbshsthvhty V℠.o_6 ` D< rbprbsbatcthvb `rbqubagy k` k` tmb c suesbqubat dhjmtahaj strhfb VMz_6 r D< jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus k` tmb pkwbr dhab Vo_6 c< nhstcagb `rko pkwbr dhab tk abcrey bcrtm Vo_.

35

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

(8)

e

Ykwbr gkanugtkrs Bquhpobat

r p D p WYN Bcrtm gkanugtkr OB^

F.920[@90

@hjurb 0/F.20 ‗ Cssbssobat k` tmb ocxhouo dbajtm ebtwbba pkwbr gkanugtkrs can OB^

^mb WYN smcdd whtmstcan ca hopudsb pbcf gurrbat tmct gkopdhbs whtm Bqucthka 39< H hop ≢

H g 5 a Ú o

VfC_

(39)

wmbrb< H g< pbcf grhthgcd gurrbat (sbb gdcusb =) VfC_6 a< auoebr k` obtcddhg sbrvhgbs gkaabgtbn tk tmb UEW6 o< auoebr k` k` gkanugtkrs ha tmb pkwbr dhab. 35.5

^bdbgkoouahgcthka sbrvhgb

@kr tmb prktbgthka k` tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka hatbr`cgbs (gkaabgtbn tk obtcddhg dhabs) cjchast dhjmtahaj strhfbs ha tmb UEW tkwbr ht hs abgbsscry tk hastcdd WYNs ct tmb pkhat wmbrb tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka gkanugtkrs batbr tmb UEW mkushaj. ^mbsb WYNs whdd cdsk prktbgt tmb UEW cjchast dhjmtahaj-hanugbn surjbs gkanugtbn ey tmb obtcddhg tbdbgkoouahgcthka t bdbgkoouahgcthka dhab tk tmb UEW. ^mb WYNs smcdd gkopdy whtm H^R-^ Ubg. F.35. Ha krnbr tk rbnugb tmb rbshnucd vkdtcjb ct tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka batrcagb, tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka gcedb smcdd batbr tmb UEW mkushaj abcr tmb Ocha Bcrtm ^brohacd (OB^). ^mb gkaabgthkas ebtwbba tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka gkanugtkrs, tmb WYNs can tmb OB^ smcdd eb ocnb cs smkrt cs pksshedb, can whtm gkanugtkrstkk`tmb rbcskacedb sbgthka. Yrb`brcedy, okrbhs tmca kab gkanugtkr usbn `kr tmb gkaabgthka OB^. H` grkss tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka gcedb smhbdnbn, hts smhbdn smkudn smcdd ebebekanbn tk tmb OB^. Ha krnbr tk cssurb tmct tmb rbshsthehdhty k` tmb bquhpobat's tbdbgkoouahgcthka haput whdd akt eb bxgbbnbn ey tmb rbshnucd vkdtcjb, tmb hastcddcthka pcrcobtbrs smcdd eb cnlustbn ha krnbr tk gkopdy whtm Bqucthka =, wmbrb tmb pkwbr nctc smkudn eb rbpdcgbn ey tmb gkrrbspkanhaj tbdbgkoouahgcthka nctc. ^mb prkgbnurbs `kr tmb prktbgthka k` tbdbgkoouahgcthka dhabs cjchast nhrbgt can hanhrbgt dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjbs gca eb `kuan ha H^R-^ Ubgs F.>: can F.>0, rbspbgthvbdy.

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

37

Caabx C @cgtkr `kr gurrbat nhstrheuthka cdkaj c tkwbr (γ ( γ) Nurhaj trcashbat gkanhthkas grbctbn ey c dhjmtahaj strhfb, tmb gurrbat nhstrheuthka cokaj tmb gkanugtkrs k` tmb tkwbr hs nbtbrohabn ey tmb ocjabthg `dux dhafcjb ebtwbba tmb gkanugtkrs. ^mb tkwbr `cgtkr "γ" hs nb`habn cs tmb `rcgthka k` tmb tktcd dhjmtahaj gurrbat tmct `dkws tmrkujm tmb euandb `krobn ey tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka can csskghctbn gkanugtkrs. ^yphgcd shtucthkas crb gkashnbrbn ha tmhs caabx. ^mb cssbssobat k` tmb jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus `kr tmb gkanugtkrs gca eb nkab whtm tmb prkgbnurb nbsgrhebn ha Caabx N. C.3

ûeudcr tkwbr

H` tmb tbdbgko gcedbs crb pdcgbn hashnb tmb tkwbr, tmb tktcd dhjmtahaj gurrbat `dkws tmrkujm tmb tkwbr, sk tmct γ ? 9. H` tmb tbdbgko gcedbs crb pdcgbn kutshnb tmb tkwbr, tmb nhstrheuthka k` gurrbat hs nbtbrohabn ey tmb `kddkwhaj bqucthka<

γ ? da ( s / r t ) / da ( s 5 / r t r g ) wmbrb< s< s< spcgb ebtwbba tmb cxhs k` tmb tkwbr can tmb cxhs k` k` tmb euandb k` gkanugtkrs6 r t t

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

^kwbr Dbj s r g Eudndb k` gkanugtkrs Cxhs

r t

n

F.920[@C.5

@hjurb C.5/F.20 ‗ Nhstcagbs `kr tmrbb dbjs tkwbr C.7

@kur dbjs tkwbr

@kr c `kur dbjs tkwbr, tmb `kddkwhaj typhgcd shtucthkas gca eb `kuan (sbb @hjurb C.7)< c)

Gcedb ct ca crehtrcry nhstcagb "s" `rko kab dbj (sbb @hjurb C.7) ‗3 γ ? {3 + > da ( s s / / r g) / da V s (5 s (5n n ‗ s ‗ s)) / (5 r t t n ) _ }

e)

Gcedb ha tmb gbatrb k` tmb tkwbr ( s ? s ? n ) ( n / / r g) / da (n ( n / / 5 r t t) _ ‗3 γ ? V3 + > da (n

g)

Gcedb abcr kab dbj ( s s 44 n )

γ ? V3 + > da ( s s / / r g) / da ( s s / / r t t) _ ‗3

n

Cxhs r g s

Euandb k` gkanugtkrs r t

^kwbr dbj

F.920[@C.7

@hjurb C.7/F.20 ‗ Nhstcagbs `kr `kur dbjs tkwbr

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

32

Caabx E Wmhbdnhaj `cgtkr (κ (κ) `kr GEA dkkps ^mb smhbdnhaj `cgtkrs (κ) prkvhnbn ey tmb gkanugtkrs k` tmb GEA tmct `kro gdksbn dkkps, gkupdbn whtm tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka gkanugtkrs, crb jhvba ha ^cedb E.3< `kr typhgcd gkanugtkr crrcajbobats, sbb @hjurb E.3. ^mb smhbdnbn dkkp hs `krobn ey tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka gcedbs, bquhpobat rcgfs can pcrt k` tmb GEA ghrguht (`kr bxcopdb, tmb bcrtmhaj systbo). ^cedb E.3/F.20 ‗ Wmhbdnhaj `cgtkrs `kr nh``brbat GEA gka`hjurcthkas

Gka`hjurcthka

Wmhbdnhaj `cgtkr (κ)

Hddustrcthka x ? 9.32 o

x ? 9.> o

x ? 9.= o

Whajdb dkkp

@hjurb E.3c

9.7:

9.>=

9.28

Gcjb

@hjurb E.3e

9.>2

9.>2

9.>2

Gcjb whtm 3 sup. gkanugtkr

@hjurb E.3g

9.53

9.5:

9.77

Gcjb whtm 7 sup. gkanugtkrs

@hjurb E.3n

9.30

9.38

9.57

AK^B ‗ ^mbsb vcdubs mcvb ebba ketchabn `rko c sgcdb oknbd rbprbsbathaj c typhgcd UEW. x

Wmhbdnhaj Dkkp

Wmhbdnbn Dkkp c)

e)

g)

n)

F.920[@E.3

@hjurb E.3/F.20 ‗ ^yphgcd smhbdnhaj gka`hjurcthka `kr UEW

30

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

Caabx G ^rcas`br `cgtkr (ε (ε) `kr gcedb trcys can bcrtm gkanugtkrs G.3

Whajdb bcrtm gkanugtkr

^mb trcas`br ùagthka prkvhnbn ey c shajdb bcrtm gkanugtkr hs jhvba ey tmb `kddkwhaj cpprkxhoctbn bqucthka<

ε ? da V s / r b _ / da V 5 m / r b _ wmbrb< s< s< spcghaj ebtwbba tmb bcrtm gkanugtkr can tmb tbdbgko gkanugtkr gkanugtkr (o)6 r b< rcnhus k` k` tmb bcrtm gkanugtkr gkanugtkr (o)6 m< mbhjmt k` k` tmb bcrtm gkanugtkr (o)6 AK^B ‗ Bqucthka vcdhn `kr m 11 s. s.

@hjurb G.3 smkws tmb gkanugtkrs nhcjrco can ^cedb G.3 jhvbs vcdubs k` ε `kr typhgcd vcdubs k` tmb pcrcobtbrs. ^cedb G.3/F.20 ‗ ^rcas`br ùagthka `kr shajdb bcrtm gkanugtkr (m ? 5 o) Ucnhus k` bcrtm gkanugtkr (r (r ) ha oo b

Wpcghaj (s (s) ha oo

3

5

7

>

39

9.5=

9.53

9.3:

9.37

52

9.78

9.77

9.58

9.5:

29

9.>:

9.>5

9.78

9.7:

399

9.20

9.23

9.>8

9.>:

599

9.0>

9.03

9.2=

9.2:

299

9.:2

9.:7

9.:3

9.:9

Bcrtm gkanugtkr

^bdbgko gkanugtkr

r b

s

F.920[@G.3

@hjurb G.3/F.20 ‗ Ghrguht nhcjrco `kr c shajdb bcrtm gkanugtkr G.5

Nkuedb bcrtm gkanugtkrs

^mb trcas`br ùagthka prkvhnbn ey nkuedb bcrtm gkanugtkrs hs jhvba ey tmb `kddkwhaj cpprkxhoctbn bqucthka<

 3/ 5  ε ? 9.2 da V s(n ‗ s ) / n r b _ / da  5 m / (n r b )   wmbrb< s< s< spcghaj ebtwbba tmb bcrtm gkanugtkr can tmb tbdbgko gkanugtkr gkanugtkr (o)6 r b< rcnhus k` k` tmb bcrtm gkanugtkr gkanugtkr (o)6

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

3:

m< mbhjmt k` k` tmb bcrtm gkanugtkr (o)6 n < nhstcagb ebtwbba bcrtm gkanugtkrs gkanugtkrs (o). (o). AK^B ‗ Bqucthka vcdhn `kr m 11 s. s.

@hjurb G.5 smkws tmb gkanugtkrs nhcjrco can ^cedb G.5 jhvbs vcdubs k` ε `kr typhgcd vcdubs k` tmb pcrcobtbrs. ^cedb G.5/F.20 ‗ ^rcas`br ùagthka `kr nkuedb bcrtm gkanugtkrs (m ? 5 o can n ? 9.> o) Ucnhus k` bcrtm gkanugtkr (r (r b) ha oo

Wpcghaj (s (s) ha oo

3

5

7

>

39

9.53

9.30

9.35

9.39

52

9.79

9.52

9.55

9.38

29

9.70

9.73

9.5=

9.50

399

9.>3

9.7:

9.7>

9.75

599

9.>7

9.>9

9.7:

9.72

B crt crtm m ggka kanu nuggt kr kr

^ bd bd bg bg ko ko ggka kanu nuggt kr kr

Bcrtm gkanugtkr r b

r b s

n

F.920[@G.5

@hjurb G.5/F.20 ‗ Ghrguht nhcjrco `kr nkuedb bcrtm gkanugtkrs G.7

Bcrtm pdctb trcy

^mb trcas`br ùagthka prkvhnbn ey c gkanugthvb pdctb trcy hs jhvba ey tmb `kddkwhaj cpprkxhoctbn bqucthka<

ε ? (5 s / c ) crgtj ( c / s ) / da (5 m ω / c ) wmbrb< s< s< spcghaj ebtwbba tmb trcy can tmb tbdbgko gkanugtkr (o)6 c< whntm k` tmb bcrtm trcy (o)6 (o)6 m< mbhjmt k` tmb bcrtm trcy (o). (o). AK^B ‗ Bqucthka vcdhn `kr c 11 s, s, m 11 c can tmb nhstcagb `rko tmb tbdbgko gkanugtkr tk tmb ekrnbr k` tmb trcy jrbctbr tmca s tmca s..

^mb @hjurb G.7 smkws tmb gkanugtkrs nhcjrco can ^cedb G.7 jhvbs vcdubs k` ε `kr typhgcd vcdubs k` tmb pcrcobtbrs.

3=

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

^cedb G.7/F.20 ‗ ^rcas`br ùagthka `kr bcrtm pdctb trcy (m ( m ? 5 o) Zhntm k` bcrtm pdctb trcy (c ( c) ha o

Wpcghaj (s (s) ha oo

9.3

9.5

9.7

9.>

2

9.973

9.938

9.93>

9.933

39

9.903

9.97:

9.95:

9.955

52

9.3>

9.9=:

9.900

9.922

29 399

9.57 9.75

9.30 9.5:

9.37 9.55

9.39 9.38

^bdbgko gkanugtkr Bcrtm pdctb trcy

s

c

F.920[@G.7

@hjurb G.7/F.20 ‗ Ghrguht nhcjrco `kr bcrtm pdctb trcy

Caabx N Jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus ^cedb N.3 jhvbs tmb jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus `kr typhgcd gkanugtkrs crrcajbobats. ^cedb N.3/F.20 ‗ Jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus k` gkanugtkrs Gkanugtkr (s)

Hddustrcthka

Jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus

Wkdhn ghrgudcr gkanugtkr

@hjurb N.3c

r

Wkdhn rbgtcajudcr gkanugtkr

@hjurb N.3e

9.73= (c + e)

Wbvba strcan gkanugtkr

@hjurb N.3g

r

^wk pcrcddbd gkanugtkrs

@hjurb N.3n

(n5 r 3' r 5')3/>

^mrbb pcrcddbd gkanugtkrs

@hjurb N.3b

(n35 n37 n57 r 3' r 5' r 7')

a pcrcddbd gkanugtkrs

‗

5

5

5

5

5

3/8

5

5

5

3/(a º a)

(n35 n37 ... n3a n57 ... n(a‗3)a r 3' r 5' r 7'... r a')

AK^B ‗ Gkashnbrhaj tmb hanugthvb b``bgts k` dhjmtahaj gurrbat gurrbat (mhjm nh nh/nt /nt ), ), tmb gkanugtkrs hatbracd ocjabthg `dux mcs ebba abjdbgtbn (pbr`bgt sfha b``bgt). @kr jrkup k` gkanugtkrs, syoobtrhg gurrbat nbashty ct tmb gkanugtkrs pbrhpmbry mcs ebba gkashnbrbn (prkxhohty b``bgt mcs ebba abjdbgtbn).

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

38

r

e c

c)

e) r'3

r'5

n g)

r

n)

r'3

n35

r'5

n57

n37 r'7 b)

F.920[@N.3

@hjurb N.3/F.20 ‗ Jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus k` typhgcd gkanugtkrs

Cppbanhx H Ucthkacdb `kr b``bgthvb `rkat thob ^mb hanugbn vkdtcjb gdksb tk c dhjmtahaj nhsgmcrjb hs prkpkrthkacd tk tmb gurrbat rctb k` rhsb. ^mb b``bgthvb `rkat thob (t (t b`` b`` ) hs ca crehtrcry vcdub k` thob wmhgm nhvhnbs tmb pbcf gurrbat can jhvbs tmb ocxhouo gurrbat rctb k` rhsb. ^cedb H.3 jhvbs tmb vcdubs k` ocxhouo rctb k` rhsb can pbcf gurrbat `kr tmb obcsurbobats gkanugtbn ey Ebrjbr ha Okatb Wca Wcdvctkrb 3. ^mhs nctc hs rbdcthvb tk tmb `hrst rbtura strkfb k` nkwawcrn abjcthvb nhsgmcrjbs, wmhgm crb tmb okst prkecedb nhsgmcrjbs ha UEW tkwbrs. ^cedb H.3/F.20 ‗ Nhstrheuthka k` gurrbat rctb k` rhsb can pbcf vcdub `rko Ebrjbr (*) Ybrgbatcjb bxgbbnhaj tmb vcdub ha tmb tcedb Ycrcobtbr

Raht 82%

29%

2%

fC/²s

8.3

5>.7

02.9

@hrst pbcf ( H H 3)

fC

35.8

5:.:

28.2

Wbgkan pbcf ( H H 5)

fC

3>.3

73.3

0=.2

H 3 / (nh (nh/n /nt t )

²s

3.>5

3.3>

9.85

H 5 / (nh (nh/n /nt t )

²s

3.22

3.5=

3.92

Ocxhouo gurrbat rctb k` rhsb (nh (nh/n /nt t )

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[ 3

CANBUWKA (U.E.), BUHFWWKA GHJUB Bdbgtrc 08, 38=9.

59

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

(C.L.),

Dhjmtahaj

pcrcobtbrs

`kr

bajhabbrhaj

cppdhgcthka, cppdhgcth ka,

^mb rcthk H rcthk H 3/(n /(nhh/n /nt t ) hs tmb b``bgthvb `rkat thob (t ( t b`` b`` ). Ht gca eb sbba `rko ^cedb H.3 tmct stcthaj tmb vcdub `kr t b`` b`` ? 3 ²s cddkws c rbcskacedb cssbssobat k` tmb gurrbat rctb k` rhsb `rko tmb pbcf vcdub.

Cppbanhx HH Bxcopdb k` cppdhgcthka @hjurb HH.3 smkws ca bxcopdb k` c gka`hjurcthka k` c UEW. ^mb ecshg nctc hs< Catbaac tkwbr< ‗

>9 o mhjm, > o `rko UEW mkushaj ( ` ` ? ? > o)6

‗

tmrbb obtcddhg dbjs, 5.0 o cpcrt6

‗

bcgm dbj gydhanrhgcd whtm 9.> o nhcobtbr.

Euandb k` gkanugtkrs ct tmb gbatrb k` tmb tkwbr (sbb @hjurb HH.5)< ‗

7 gkcxhcd gcedbs `rko tmb okehdb catbaacs (r (r ? ? 35 oo, trcas`br hopbncagb z hopbncagb z tt ? 3 ℠/fo)6

‗

3 gkcxhcd gcedb `rko tmb ohgrk wcvb catbaac (r (r ? ? =oo, trcas`br hopbncagb z hopbncagb z tt ? 5 ℠/fo)6

‗

5 ecrs `kr tmb gcedb suppkrt ? =9 oo whntm, 2 oo tmhgf.

UEW mkushaj< Gcedhaj mbhjmt<

2 Ú 7 Ú 7 o, gkagrbtb (stbbd gkathauhty uafakwa). 5.> o hashnb tmb UEW (m ? 5.> o).

Gcedhaj dbajtm<

> o hashnb tmb UEW (b ? > o).

Ykwbr gcedb<

cbrhcd DP dhab (0 o mhjm).

^bdbgko gcedb<

akab (upstrbco gkaabgthka tmrkujm ohgrkwcvb dhaf).

Wkhd<

okuatcha tkp whtm cvbrcjb rbshsthvhty bqucd tk 299 ℠.o.

Dhjmtahaj nbashty< 2 `dcsmbs tk jrkuan pbr fo5 pbr ybcr ( A A j ? 2).

Euandb k` gcedbs

Catbaac tkwbr Hg

GEA gkanugtkr H'g h m Bquhp.

Bquhp.

c.g./n.g.

Ykwbr b

` ^bdbgkoouahgcthka

F.920[@HH.3

@hjurb HH.3/F.20 ‗ Bxcopdb k` UEW

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

53

29 oo

2 9 oo

29 oo

3 =9 oo

2

5

29 oo

7

Okehdb gcedbs

29 oo

Obtcddhg suppkrt

>

Ohgrk wcvb

0

F.920[@HH.5

2 oo

@hjurb HH.5/F.20 ‗ Euandb k`` gkanugtkrs cdkaj tmb tkwbr (grkss sbgthka vhbw)

^k `kddkw tmb stbps, pdbcsb rb`br tk tmb `dkw nhcjrco ha @hjurb 5. Wtbp 32 strhfbs / ybcr @ c ? 9.>2 Gkashnbrhaj tmb prkgbnurb k` :.7, tmb crbc crkuan tmb tkwbr hs nb`habn ey tmb rcnhus9 ‗ 7) ? 333 o Cs tmb UEW mkushaj hs gdksb tk tmb tkwbr (> o 4 333 o) tmb prkecehdhty k` c nhrbgt strhfb tk tmb mkushaj hs abjdhjhedb. ^mbrb`krb< @ n n ? 9 Wtbp 7< Gcdgudcthaj tmb dhjmtahaj pcrcobtbrs.

Ecsbn ka Bqucthkas k` gdcusb =< pc ? U ? Ut / U / Uc ? 9.92 / 9.>2 ? 9.33 H g ? :: fC nhg/n /nt t ? ? :: fC / ²s Wtbp 2< Bcrtmhaj can ekanhaj.

Gdcusb 8 stctbs skob rudbs `kr tmb bcrtmhaj can ekanhaj kutshnb tmb UEW mkushaj. < Abbn k` WYN ct tmb gkcxhcd gcedbs `rko tmb tkwbr. Wtbp 0 Ecsbn ka gdcusb 39 can Caabx C< n ? ? (5.0) / (7) 3/5 ? 3.29 o (nhstcagb `rko tmb euandb can kab dbj) 55

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

Jbkobtrhg obca rcnhus (JOU)< ^kwbr dbj< r t t ? (9.>) / (5) ? 9.5 o Euandb k` gkanugtkrs< Gkashnbrhaj tmb 0 gkanugtkrs k` @hjurb HH.5, tmbhr JOU crb< Gkcxhcd gcedbs `kr okehdb catbaac< r 3 ? r 5 ? r 7 ? 35 oo Gkcxhcd gcedb `kr ohgrk wcvb dhaf< r > ? = oo Ecrs k` suppkrt< r ? r ? 5: oo 2

0

Nhstcagbs ebtwbba gkanugtkrs< n 35 35 ? n 57 57 ? n 7> 7> ? n 32 32 ? n >0 >0 ? 29 oo n 52 70 ? 399 oo 37 ? n 70 5> ? n 37 52 ? n 5> n 3> 3> ? n 72 72 ? n 50 50 ? 329 oo n >2 >2 ? n 30 30 ? 599 oo n 20 20 ? 529 oo Rshaj tmb bqucthka `kr "a" gkanugtkrs ha ^cedb N.3< r g ? V2939 Ú 399= Ú 3290 Ú 599> Ú 5295 Ú 357 Ú 5:5 Ú =_ 3/70 r g ? :7 oo AK^B ‗ ^mb euandb mcs ca bquhvcdbat `dux dhafcjb bquhvcdbat bquhvcdbat tk c gydhanrhgcd gkanugtkr whtm :7 oo rcnhus.

Gkashnbrhaj tmct tmb euandb hs ct tmb gbatrb k` tmb tkwbr<

γ ? V3 + 7 da (3299 / :7) / da (3299 / 099)_ ‗3 ? 9.985 ^mhs obcas tmct 8.5% k` tmb dhjmtahaj gurrbat `dkws tmrkujm tmb euandb. Jkhaj ecgf tk gdcusb 39< ^rcasvbrsb vkdtcjb `kr gkcxhcd gcedb k` okehdb catbaac9) (9.993) (35) / (70 + = + 2>) ? 9.972 fP ^rcasvbrsb vkdtcjb `kr gkcxhcd gcedb k` ohgrk wcvb catbaac9) (9.995) (=) / (70 + = + 2>) ? 9.9>0 fP ^mbsb vcdubs whdd prkecedy eb ebdkw tmb rbshsthehdhty k` tmb rcnhk bquhpobat gkashnbrbn can ak WYN whdd eb abgbsscry. Wtbp :< Hanugbn vkdtcjb hashnb tmb mkushaj (P ( P h). ^mb hanugbn vkdtcjb gca eb gcdgudctbn whtm Bqucthka 2) (3.2) (3) da V(> + >) / >_ ? 7=.> fP Wtbp =< Ekanhaj gka`hjurcthka.

Gkashnbrhaj tmb rbdcthvbdy mhjm vkdtcjb hanugbn hashnb tmb UEW can tmb nh``hgudthbs `kr tmb bstcedhsmobat can ochatbacagb k` c Obsm-HEA systbo, ht's ocnb ca kpthka `kr tmb Obsm-EA gka`hjurcthka. Wtbp 8< Ubshnucd vkdtcjb ct bquhpobat hatbr`cgbs.

Gkashnbrhaj tmct tmb kady smhbdnhaj hs prkvhnbn ey c shajdb bcrtm whrb (> oo nhcobtbr) pdcgbn ct 399 oo `rko tmb tbdbgkoouahgcthka gcedbs, Caabx G jhvbs ε ? 9.23. Jkhaj ecgf tk 33.5 jhvbs) ? 38.0 fP

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

57

^mhs vcdub hs prkecedy cekvb tmb rbshsthehdhty dbvbd k` tmb bquhpobat. Dbt us suppksb tmct tmb rbshsthehdhty dbvbd hs 3 fP can tmct hastcddcthka k` WYN hs akt gkavbahbat (`kr bxcopdb, ebgcusb tmbrb crb ocay uasmhbdnbn gkanugtkrs). ^mbrb`krb, ht hs abgbsscry tk hoprkvb tmb smhbdnhaj k` tmb mkushaj. Kab kpthka hs< ‗

^k hastcdd 7 bcrtm bcrt m gkanugtkrs crkuan tmb mkushaj, tmb gbatrcd kab pdcgbn pdcgb n cekut >9 go `rko tmb ocha hatbracd gkanugtkrs ( κ ? 9.5:).

‗

Ydcgb ca bcrtm pdctb trcy whtm 79 go whntm ebdkw tmb gkanugtkrs, ha sugm c wcy tmct cdd gkanugtkrs whdd eb ct dbcst 52 oo `rko tmb trcy (nhstcagb `rko gkanugtkr gbatrb tk tmb sur`cgb k` tmb trcy), can ct dbcst 52 oo `rko tmb trcy's ekrnbr. ^mb trcy smcdd eb ekanbn tk tmb bquhpobat rcgfs/gcehabts ct ektm bxtrbohthbs. ^mhs jhvbs ε ? 9.900.

^mbrb`krb) (9.5:) (9.900) ? 9.0= fP ^mhs vcdub hs sc`bdy ebdkw tmb bquhpobat rbshsthehdhty gkashnbrbn. Wtbp 39< Ekanhaj ct bquhpobat rcgfs/gcehabts.

^mb ekanhaj prkgbnurbs stctbn ha 33.> crb hatbanbn tk prkvhnb cnbquctb smhbdnhaj `rko tmb obtcddhg bdbobats hashnb tmb mkushaj. Wtbp 33< Yrktbgthka k` pkwbr batrcagb.

Gdcusb 35.3 jhvbs c prkgbnurb tk gkatrkd tmb rbshnucd vkdtcjb cgrkss tmb gkaabgthka k` WYN ct pkwbr batrcagb ct tmb mkushaj. Dbt us suppksb tmct wb mcvb tmb `kddkwhaj vcdubs (sbb @hjurb 0)< Ubshsthehdhty k` rbgth`hbr haput pkrt gkanutkrs, 0 oo 5 grkss-sbgthka, rbjudcrdy spcgbn ct 29 oo kab `rko tmb abxt) Nhstcagb ebtwbba WYN can rbgth`hbr< e ? > o (WYN ct kab shnb k` tmb mkushaj can rbgth`hbr ct tmb ktmbr) Ubshnucd vkdtcjb k` WYN) _ H hop hop ≢ 8.0 fC Wtbp 35< Yrktbgthka k` tbdbgkoouahgcthka batrcagb.

^mbrb hs ak tbdbgkoouahgcthka obtcddhg dhab gkohaj hatk tmb UEW mkushaj. Wtbp 37< Ban k` prklbgt. ^mb UEW hs prktbgtbn `kr tmb tkdbrcedb `rbqubagy k` ncocjb ( @ ( @ tt ). 5>

H^R-^ Ubg. F.20 (9:/5997)

WBUHBW K@ H^R-^ UBGKOOBANC^HKAW Wbrhbs C

Krjcahzcthka k` tmb wkrf k` H^R-^

Wbrhbs E

Obcas k` bxprbsshka< nb`hahthkas, syoekds, gdcssh`hgcthka

Wbrhbs G

Jbabrcd tbdbgkoouahgcthka stcthsthgs

Wbrhbs N

Jbabrcd tcrh`` prhaghpdbs

Wbrhbs B

Kvbrcdd abtwkrf kpbrcthka, tbdbpmkab sbrvhgb, sbrvhgb kpbrcthka can muoca `cgtkrs

Wbrhbs @

Aka-tbdbpmkab tbdbgkoouahgcthka sbrvhgbs

Wbrhbs J

^rcasohsshka systbos can obnhc, nhjhtcd systbos can abtwkrfs

Wbrhbs M

Cunhkvhsucd can oudthobnhc systbos

Wbrhbs H

Hatbjrctbn sbrvhgbs nhjhtcd abtwkrf

Wbrhbs L

Gcedb abtwkrfs can trcasohsshka k` tbdbvhshka, skuan prkjrcoob can ktmbr oudthobnhc shjacds

Wbrhbs F

Yrktbgthka cjchast hatbr`brbagb

Wbrhbs D

Gkastrugthka, hastcddcthka can prktbgthka k` gcedbs can ktmbr bdbobats k` kutshnb pdcat

Wbrhbs O

ÔA can abtwkrf ochatbacagb< hatbracthkacd trcasohsshka systbos, tbdbpmkab ghrguhts, tbdbjrcpmy, `cgshohdb can dbcsbn ghrguhts

Wbrhbs A

Ochatbacagb< hatbracthkacd skuan prkjrcoob can tbdbvhshka trcasohsshka ghrguhts

Wbrhbs K

Wpbgh`hgcthkas k` obcsurhaj bquhpobat

Wbrhbs Y

^bdbpmkab trcasohsshka qucdhty, tbdbpmkab hastcddcthkas, dkgcd dhab abtwkrfs

Wbrhbs S

Wwhtgmhaj can shjacddhaj

Wbrhbs U

^bdbjrcpm trcasohsshka

Wbrhbs W

^bdbjrcpm sbrvhgbs tbrohacd bquhpobat

Wbrhbs ^ Wbrhbs R

^brohacds `kr tbdbocthg sbrvhgbs ^bdbjrcpm swhtgmhaj

Wbrhbs P

Nctc gkoouahgcthka kvbr tmb tbdbpmkab abtwkrf

Wbrhbs ]

Nctc abtwkrfs can kpba systbo gkoouahgcthkas

Wbrhbs X

Jdkecd ha`krocthka ha`rcstrugturb can Hatbrabt prktkgkd cspbgts

Wbrhbs \

Dcajucjbs can jbabrcd sk`twcrb cspbgts `kr tbdbgkoouahgcthka systbos

Yrhatbn ha Wwhtzbrdcan Jbabvc, 5997

T Rec K.56 200307 S!!PDF e

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