System Guide
Short Description
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Description
Introduction Heating Air-Condition Pressure Boosting Wastewater Tool box Reference project
Introduction
How to use • Drawing library
1.1
How to use
The Flow THINKING is a concept especially developed for our partners in commercial building services FLOW THINKING means: > Focusing on the customer > Embracing system knowledge > Being a competent partner & adviser > Finding the right solutions > Providing tools for your daily work As an element of this concept we have developed “The Gundfos System Guide” The Grundfos System Guide is an extensive reference book, which goes through the standard systems within: • heating • air-conditioning • pressure boosting • wastewater The systems are evaluated, and the Guide gives recommendations on how to prepare the most energyoptimal, reliable and comfortable system, considering the components, which form your system.
Overview: Here a short overview is given of the individual systems, and which Grundfos pumps are recommended for use in the system. System description: In this paragraph the specific systems are reviewed in details. Suggestions are given of how to build up the system, so that the interaction between the components in the system is optimised with regard to comfort, safety and energy. Here we focus on how speed-regulated pumps are used in the systems. How to select: Here it is shown how the pump/pump system is dimensioned and selected, provided the system is built up as described under system description. A Guide – not a collection of formulas The System Guide is designed to be a practical tool for professionals, who already have the theoretical knowledge about systems. So the System Guide is not a completely slavish going through the structure of all systems, but it can with advantage be used as a source of inspiration or a checklist. The System Guide has been designed in co-operation with system specialists from all over Europe. Even though many areas have been harmonized, there may still be examples of system constructions, which traditionally are not used locally Always updated Grundfos will in future continue to design and spread competences within systems. So regularly there will be supplements to the Grundfos System Guide.
1.2
Contents The Guide contains a short review of a few theoretical areas within the mentioned systems. This is meant as a “tool box”, which can be used across of systems.
How to use D
Pump
Chiller
Fan Coil 2 pipe type
Fan Coil 4 pipe type
Fan Coil Combination type
Cooling Tower
Air Unit In-let 1.3
Cooling Tower
Cooling Tower
Air Unit Out-let
Cooling Surface
Heating Surface Buffer Tank
Heat/Cool Recovering Surface
How to use D
Pressureraizing Unit
Termastatic radiator valve Throttle valve
Diaphragm Tank Exspansion tank Open Type
Isolation valve
Non return valve
2 way motor valve Hot WaterTank With Heat Element
Hot Water Storage Tank
M 1.4
3 way motor valve (divide)
M
M
3 way motor valve (collecting)
Boiler Pressure control valve Heat excanger Pressure relief valve
Radiator
Safety valve
+
2. Heating
Overview System/products Product description
Application System
Main pumps Boiler shunt Mixing loops Heat surfaces Heat recovery DHW circulation DHW production
How to select Main pumps Boiler shunts Mixing loops Heat surfaces Heat recovery DHW circulation DHW production
2.1
2. Heating Overview S /
HW HWC CW
Heating surfaces
Mixing loop
Heat recovery
Main Pumps
UPS Series 100
O
UPE Series 2000
X
X
X
TPE Series 2000
X
X
X
TP/LM/LP/CLM
O
O
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
X
NK/NB NKE/NBE
DHW production
O
O
DHW circulation
O
Heat recovery
O
UPS Series 200
First choice = X
X X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
O
O
X
X
X
Second choice = O
O
Heat surfaces
Main pumps
Product Type
O X
X
2.1
System Type
Mixing loops
Boiler shunts
Boiler shunts
Heat Production
DWH
2. Heating Overview P /
PC User level (BMS supply) Sub-station level (BMS supply) M M
X
X
X
X
UPE Series 2000
X
X
X
X
X
X
TPE Series 2000
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
External sensor
Ext. Start / Stop
X
Product Type
Analog input
LON bus
UPS Series 200
Communication
UPS Series 100
TP/LM/LP/CLM TPE/LME/LPE/CLME NK/NB NKE/NBE
2.2
GENIbus
pp
Remote control
tt
External Alarm
Component level (Grundfos)
G10 G10
PMU PMU
2. Heating Overview P /
∆p
Used in connection with
Max. kW pump size
PMU
Management unit for up to 8 pumps
UPE Series 2000 TPE Series 2000
2.2 kW 7.5 kW
PFU
Preset controller for up to 4 pumps
Inline E-pumps
2.2 kW 7.5 kW
Delta Control
Complete control panel for up to 4 pumps
In-Line E-pumps In-Line End suction E-Pumps End suction
7.5 kW 315 kW
PCU
Contact unit for up to 4 pumps
PMU PFU
2.3
Functionality
2. Heating Overview P
Heating Product Range Survey curve 50 Hz
H[m]
End-suction Dry-runners NB/NK NBE/NKE
In-line Dry-runners 2.4
TP/LM/LP/CLM TPE Series 2000 TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
In-line Wet-runners UPS Series 100 UPS Series 200 UPE Series 2000
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview F /
Features
Benefits
S
S
Wide product range
Only one supplier
Wide system range
Easy selection
Support tools
Safe selection
I
I Easy/safe installation
Easy access to speed regulator
Safe/quick commencement
Clear user interface
Quick commencement
Integrated frequency converter
Safe installation
No need for motor protection
Low installation cost
O
O
Very low noise level
High comfort
High quality material
Long lifetime
Varible speed
Energy saving
High efficiency
Low operation cost
2.5
Easy electrical connection
2. Heating Overview UPS S 100
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to +110°C PN 10 (10 bar) 25W to 250W 1 to 3 speed Unions; Flanges 130 to 250 mm Cast iron; Bronze Stainless Steel
C None M P F
2.6
Easy electrical connection Easy access to speed regulator Very low noise level High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Wide application range
UPS Series 100 H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier 2 years warranty End user: Maintenance free Long lifetime Low operating cost High comfort
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview UPS S 200
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-10 to +120°C PN 10 (10 bar) 250W to 2200W 3 speed Flanges (PN6/10) 220 to 450 mm Cast iron; Bronze
C Alarm module GENIbus module
(accessories) (accessories)
M P F
2.7
Easy electrical connection Water lubricated bearings Very low noise level High quality material High efficiency Motor protection module Wide product range Wide application range
UPS Series 200 H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier Easy to start-up End user: Long lifetime Maintenance free Low operating cost High comfort
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview UPE S 2000
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
+2 to +95°C PN 10 (10 bar) 60W to 2200W Variable speed Unions; Flanges 130 to 450 mm Cast iron; Bronze
C Alarm relay Digital input Analog input GENIbus M P F 2.8
Easy electrical connection Water lubricated bearings Very low noise level High quality material High efficiency Integrated frequency converter No need for motor protection Wide product range Communication
UPS Series 2000 H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier Easy start-up End user: Long lifetime Very low operating cost Very high comfort Access to operation data
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview TPE S 2000
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to +140°C PN 16 (16 bar) 1.1kW to 7.5kW Variable speed Flanges 280 to 450 mm Cast iron
C Alarm relay Digital input Analog input GENIbus M P F 2.9
Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter Integrated diff. pressure sensor High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Cataphoresis treated Communication
TPE Series 2000 H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Easy start-up Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Very low operating cost High comfort Access to operation data
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview TP/LM/LP/CLM
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to +140°C PN 20 (20 bar) 0.37kW to 45kW 1 speed Flanges 280 to 820 mm Cast iron; Bronze
C None M P F
2 . 10
High quality material High efficiency Wide product range Twin head pumps Wide application range Standard motor Cataphoresis treated
TP/LM/LP/CLM H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Low operating cost High comfort Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to + 140°C PN 16 (16 bar) 1.1kW to 7.5kW Variable speed Flanges 280 to 450 mm Cast iron
C Alarm relay Digital input Analog input GENIbus M P F 2 . 11
Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Cataphoresis treated Communication
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Easy start-up Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Very low operating cost High comfort Access to operation data
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview NB/NK
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Pump housing
-10 to + 140°C PN 16 ( 16 bar ) 0.37 KW to 355 KW 1 speed DN 32 - 300 Cast iron, Bronze
C None M P F
2 . 12
Flexibility High quality material High efficiency Wide product range Spacer coupling Wide system range Standard motor
NB/NK H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Low operating cost
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating Overview NBE/NKE
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Pump housing
-10 to +140°C PN 16 ( 16 bar ) 0.75 KW to 7.5 KW Variable DN 32 - 125 Cast iron
C Alarm relay Digital input Analog input GENIbus M P F
2 . 13
Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Communication
NB/NK H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Easy start-up Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Very low operating cost High comfort Access to operation data
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating System description M
F Due to variation in the heat demand and the flow, we recommend to use speed controlled pumps in parallel as main pumps. Maximum 3 pumps plus 1 as standby pump. By speed controlling all the pumps it is possible to obtain the maximum energy saving.
Flow %
Flow variation in a reference year (8760 hours)
100 80 60 40
D
20
Pump type
5 - 60
UPE Series 2000
60 - 100
TPE Series 2000
100 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter
2000
25%
It is important to check the efficiency at the duty point where the system has a high number of operating hours.
4000 6000 Hours/year
8000
2 . 14
Flow per Pump m3/h
50%
75%
100%
Flow
Duty point with a high number of operating hours
I Using UPE and TPE Series 2000, no external pressure sensor and motor protection is necessary, only a PMU is needed for parallel operation. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system. For pumps above 7.5 kW both external sensor, motor protection and a pump control unit is necessary. When pumps are installed in parallel non-return valves must be installed
2. Heating System description B
F The primary task of the boiler shunt pump is to ensure that the temperature differences between top and bottom of the boiler are not too big, big temperature differences cause tension in the material and thus reduce the life of the boiler. For certain types of fuel there is a risk of corrosion at too low temperatures at the bottom of the boiler. Maximum safety is ensured when using a controlled pump, and the energy saving is optimal.
tF 90°C
tR 50°C
∆t = 40°C
D Pump type
5 - 100
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
100 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter NPSH m
Often the pumps have high flow and low head, and then it is important to check the NPSH value of the pump.
Max. flow
Head m
2 . 15
Flow per Pump m3/h
25%
50%
75%
100%
Flow
25%
50%
75%
100%
Flow
I TPE/LME/LPE/CLME: The pumps have an integrated frequency converter and a motor protection. A temperature transmitter with an output signal of 0/5-10V or 0/4-20 mA should be used. R100 remote control is used for start-up and later reading out of operating data. LM/LP/CLM/NK: The mentioned pump types require an external frequency converter and an external regulator.
t
Placing of temperature sensor
2. Heating System description M
F
Φ = 100kW Q = 4.3 m3/h tF = 60°C tF = 40°C
M
Due to variation in use and heat demand in different parts of the building, the system is divided into zones controlled by a mixing loop. The flow temperature will be lower than in the mains supply, which will result in a higher flow in the zone than in the mains supply. This will help obtain a better hydraul-ic balance in the total system. Speed controlling the pump makes it possible to obtain the maximum energy saving.
tF = 80°C
tF = 40°C
D
Q = 2.15 m /h 3
Pump type
5 - 60
UPE Series 2000
60 - 100
TPE Series 2000
M
When using a two-way valve, the pressure lost in the valve will be managed by the main pump. When using a three-way valve, the pump in the mixing loop also has to manage the pressure lost in the valve.
∆p pump
2 . 16
Flow per Pump m3/h
Mixing loop with 2 way valve
I
∆p pump
M
Using UPE and TPE Series 2000 there is no need for an external pressure sensor and a motor protection. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system.
Mixing loop with 2 way valve
2. Heating System description H
F A heating surface heats the air which through the ventilation system is blown into the building. The temperature in the heating surface depends on the outdoor temperature and is controlled by way of the ventilation system’s control unit. The system has a constant flow and variable temperature, where it is important that the flow is correct. Normally the flow is adjusted by a regulating valve, it may also be an advantage to use an adjustable pump (E-pump).
M Flow adjusted with a valve
M Flow adjusted with a pump
D Flow per Pump m3/h
Pump type UPE Series 2000
60 - 100
TPE/LME/LPE
Max. speed
∆p valve
Power
Flow
Correct flow
I UPE Series 2000: The pump is set to constant curve and then adjusted to the correct flow. TPE/LME/LPE: The pump is set at uncontrolled mode, and then adjusted to the correct flow. This is easily done with remote control R100.
Flow adjusted with a valve
Head
Max. speed Reduced speed
Flow
Power
Correct flow
2 . 17
5 - 60
Head
2. Heating System description H
F The purpose of the system is to recover the heat of the outlet air. The primary task of the pump is to ensure an optimal flow between the heating surfaces. The pump/valve is controlled from the general control unit of the ventilation system. The saving potential of using a controlled pump in stead of a three-way valve to reach the correct temperature is very big. D
M
3 way valve controlled system
Flow per Pump m3/h
Pump type
5 - 100
TPE/LME/LPE
2 . 18
The total efficiency of the system depends on whether the circulated quantity of water is correct. If there is a risk of temperatures below 0°C in the air intake of the system, the system must be applied with an antifreeze agent. If a 37% glocyl mixture is used, this will protect against frost down to –20°C.
Pump controlled system
I The pump is set at uncontrolled, and the signal from the central control unit is connected to the analog entry (0/5-10v or 0/4-20 mA). R100 remote control must be used in connection with setting up the pump.
Air in
Air out
t1
t2
t3 System efficiency η =
t2 - t1 t3 - t1
2. Heating System description H
F The purpose of the system is domestic hot water heating. The function of the circulator pump is to ensure that hot water is always available as close to the tapping point as possible, in order to reduce waste of water and increase the comfort. In certain installations (loading circuits) the pump can at the same time ensure the circulation between the inverter and the storage tank. D Flow per Pump m3/h
Cold water
Pump type Uncontrolled Controlled UPS Series 100
TPE
6 - 60
UPS Series 200
TPE
60 - 200
LM/LP/CLM
LME/LPE/CLME
Normally uncontrolled pumps are used, because usually the flow variation is only small. It may be advantageous to use controlled pumps for adjustment of the flow when starting up the system, though. In large systems it will also be an advantage to use a temperature controlled pump. I Because of the contents of gasses in water, it is important that this gas is not gathered in the pump, thus reducing the lifetime of the pump. Therefore it is always recommended to install the pump with upward flow direction, and minimum horizontal flow direction.
Hot water
Hot Temperature water transmitter circulation
2 . 19
0.5 - 6
Cold water
Hot water
Hot water circulation
Air-vent
Cold water
2. Heating System description H
F To make the system as flexible as possible, the heating and storage of the domestic hot water are divided into two units, one for heating and one for accumulation of the hot water. The construction of the systems among others depends on the kind of heat exchanger (charger) used. The pump is controlled by the temperature in the storage tank, either ON/OFF or variable speed.
HW HWC Hot water storage tank
M
Recirculation pump
CW
Charge pump
D Flow per Pump m3/h
Pump type Uncontrolled Controlled
0.5 - 6
UPS Series 100
TPE
6 - 60
UPS Series 200
TPE
60 - 200
LM/LP/CLM
LME/LPE/CLME
Recirculation and charge pump 2 . 20
HW HWC Hot water storage tank
If one pump is used for both accumulation and circulation, the minimum flow of the pump must be the same as the required flow for circulation.
M
CW
I
Charge exchanger
Recirculation exchanger
HWC HW
Hot water storage tank M
M
If the pump is installed on the ”hot” side of the exchanger, it must be ensured that the temperature does not exceed required max. temperature, as this may cause lime depositing in the pump. Because of the contents of gasses in water, it is important that this gas is not gathered in the pump, thus reducing the lifetime of the pump. Therefore it is always recommended to install the pump with upward flow direction, and minimum horizontal flow direction.
CW Charge pump
Recirculation pump
2. Heating How to select M
Q Step 1: Define total m2 heated area Step 2: Define heat loss per m2 Step 3: Define ∆t of the system Step 4: Define ∆p of the pump Step 5: Find the exact pump in the data booklet
ex. 20,000 m2 ex. 50 W/m2 (total heat loss 1,000 kW) ex. ∆t 20°C (flow 43 m3/h) ex. 10 m ex. TPE 80-180 3.0 kW
100 W/m2 = Old building (low insulation)
∆t = 40°C ∆t = 30°C ∆t = 20°C ∆t = 10°C
75 W/m2 = Old building (medium insulation)
10,000
W/m2 = 100 W/m2 = 75 W/m2 = 50
5,000
1,000 500
2 . 21
∆t = 40°C ∆t = 30°C ∆t = 20°C ∆t = 10°C
100 1000
5,000
10,000
50,000
100,000
Heated area in [m2] 100 50
= 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (wet runner) = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 2 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 3 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner)
Heat in [m]
Heating demand in [kW]
50 W/m2 = New building (high insulation)
ex. (tF 90°C - tR 50°C) ex. (tF 80°C - tR 50°C) ex. (tF 70°C - tR 50°C) ex. (tF 60°C - tR 50°C)
10 5
1
10
50
100
Flow in [m3/h]
500
1,000
2. Heating How to select M
Q Step 1: Define total m2 heated area Step 2: Define heat loss per m2 Step 3: Define ∆t of the system Step 4: Define ∆p of the pump Step 5: Find the exact pump in the data booklet
100 W/m2 = Old building (low insulation)
∆t = 40°C ∆t = 30°C ∆t = 20°C ∆t = 10°C
75 W/m2 = Old building (medium insulation)
10,000
W/m2 = 100 W/m2 = 75 W/m2 = 50
5,000
1,000 500
2 . 22
∆t = 40°C ∆t = 30°C ∆t = 20°C ∆t = 10°C
100 1000
5,000
10,000
50,000
100,000
Heated area in [m2] 100 50
= 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (wet runner) = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 2 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 3 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner)
Heat in [m]
Heating demand in [kW]
50 W/m2 = New building (high insulation)
ex. (tF 90°C - tR 50°C) ex. (tF 80°C - tR 50°C) ex. (tF 70°C - tR 50°C) ex. (tF 60°C - tR 50°C)
10 5
1
10
50
100
Flow in [m3/h]
500
1,000
2. Heating How to select M
S 1: Calculate the flow required in the system: Φ x 0.86 = Q (tF-tR) Φ = Heat demand in [kW] Q = Volume flow rate in [m3/h] tF = Dimensioning flow pipe temperature in [°C] tR = Dimensioning return-pipe temperature in [°C] 0.86 is the conversion factor (kcal/h to kW)
Head [m]
Max. duty point
Required head
System characteristics
Calculate the heat required in the system: The value to the end farthest off or the high value of the system is the basis for pump dimensioning.
Flow required
Flow [m3/h]
S 2: Flow in %
Lay down the flow variation of the system: Ex. of variation in the flow: for
5% hours
75% flow
for
10% hours
50% flow
for
35% hours
25% flow
for
50% hours
2 . 23
100% flow
= Variation in flow = Calculation profile
Operating hours in %
S 3:
S 4: Define if it is profitable to speed control the pump depending on variation in flow and duration of variation.
%
Max. variation in flow
Lay down the operating hours per year: System with domestic hot water production: 8,760 hours/year. System without domestic hot water production, depending on the location: ex. 5,500 hours/year.
Profitable to speed control the pump
Unprofitable to speed control the pump Duration of variation in flow
%
2. Heating How to select M
S 5: Define number of pumps in the system Systems with constant flow: Pumps in operation and stand-by pumps. When there is no variation in the flow, 1 pump in operation and 1 stand-by pump are probably the solution. Here, the efficiency in the duty point is very important. Systems with variable flow:
Head in [m] 100 50
18
10 5
1 10
50
Having variation, it can be profitable to choose more than 1 pump together with 1 stand-by pump. Here it is also important to check the efficiency in the duty point where there are a lot of operating hours.
500
100
129
1,000
Flow in [m3/h]
2 . 24
25%
50%
75%
100%
Flow
Duty point with a lot of operating hours
S 6: Where to place the transmitter: Define where to place the differential pressure transmitter. For smaller systems it is possible to use pumps (pumps up to 7.5kW) with integrated transmitter and controller; the pressure loss compensation will be managed by the built-in controller. For larger systems the differential pressure transmitter can be placed either over the pump or at a critical point in the system.
∆p pump
∆p system
2. Heating How to select M .
S D:
tF
tR
Distribution net
Heating production
80,000 m2 old renovated building 75 W/m2 Heat demand: (80,0000 m2 x 0.075 W/m2) 6,000 kW Flow temperature (tF): 90°C Return temperature (tR): 50°C ∆t : (90°C – 50°C) 40°C Flow ((6,000x0.86)/40) 129 m3/h ∆p at max. flow (129 m3/h): 18 m S: 1 constant speed pump + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 2 x NK 80-250/259 Motor size: 2 x 11.0 kW Variation in flow:
poutlet
pinlet – poutlet = ∆p pump system
pinlet
H[m]
for
5% hours
75% flow
for
10% hours
50% flow
for
35% hours
25% flow
for
50% hours
18
2 . 25
100% flow
NK
Operating hours per year: 8,760 hours 129
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
438
9.8
4,292
75
876
8.3
7,270
50
3,066
6.6
20,235
25
4,380
4.8
21,024
Total
8,760
Total
52,821
Q[m3/h]
2. Heating How to select M .
S D:
tF
tR
Distribution net
75 W/m2 6,000 kW 90°C 50°C 40°C 129 m3/h 18 m
Heat production
80,000 m2 old renovated building Heat demand: (80,0000 m2 x 0.075 W/m2) Flow temperature (tF): Return temperature (tR): ∆t : (90°C – 50°C) Flow ((6,000 x 0.86)/40) ∆p at max. flow (129 m3/h): S:
2 speed controlled pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x TPE 80-240 Motor size: 3 x 5.5 kW Variation in flow: for
5% hours
75% flow
for
10% hours
50% flow
for
35% hours
25% flow
for
50% hours
pinlet – poutlet = ∆p pump system
pinlet
Head in [m] 100 50
18
2 . 26
100% flow
poutlet
10 5
1 10
50
100
500
129 3
Flow in [m /h]
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
438
10.3
4,551
75
876
5.9
5,168
50
3,066
3.62
11,099
25
4,380
1.31
5,738
Total
8,760
Total
26,516
1,000
2. Heating How to select M
S 1: 1 constant speed pump + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 2 x NK 80-250/259 Motor size: 2 x 11.0 kW Control panel: Motor protection Change-over switch Access to system data: No Price index: 100 (4,500 EURO)
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
438
9.8
4,292
75
876
8.3
7,270
50
3,066
6.6
20,235
25
4,380
4.8
21,024
Total 8,760
Total 52,821
S 2: Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
438
10.3
4,551
75
876
5.9
5,168
50
3,066
3.62
11,099
25
4,380
1.31
5,738
Total 8,760
Total 26,516
C/: The comparison of the two systems makes it clear that the large savings are gained by reduced flow. Already at a flow of 75% the savings are 29%. In addition to the energy saving there is also an increase in comfort, due to the reduced pressure and thereby reduced noise in the system valves. Depending on the energy price the pay-back time is very short for the extra costs of the speed controlled pump system. At a cost of 0.1 EURO per kWh, the pay-back time is approximately 1.1 years.
Flow [%]
Sys.1 [kWh]
Sys. 2 Savings Savings [kWh] [kWh] %
100
4,292
4,551
-259
-6
75
7,270
5,168
2,102
29
50
20,235
11,099
9,136
45
25
21,024
5,738
15,286
72
Total
52,821
26,516
26,305
50
2 . 27
2 speed controlled pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x TPE 80-240 Motor size: 3 x 5.5kW Controller: PMU Access to system data: Yes Price index: 162 (7,290 EURO)
2. Heating How to select B .
S D: Boiler effect: Flow temperature (tF): Return temperature (tR): Return temperature (tRB): Flow (QSH): ∆p with max. flow (129 m3/h):
2,000 kW 90°C 50°C 70°C 86 m3/h 8m
tF 90°C
tR 50°C
tRB 70°C
S: 1 Constant speed pump Selected pump: Motor size:
1 x CLM 125-211 1 x 4,0 kW
Variation in flow: for
33% hours
75% flow
for
33% hours
50% flow
for
33% hours
H
Max. load main system
Min. load main system 2 . 28
100% flow
100%
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
1,833
3.7
6,782
75
1,833
3.7
6,782
75
1,833
3.7
6,782
Total
5,500
Total
20,346
100%
∆p valve
Q
2. Heating How to select B .
S D: Boiler effect: Flow temperature (tF): Return temperature (tR): Return temperature (tRB): Flow (QSH): ∆p with max. flow (129 m3/h):
2,000 kW 90°C 50°C 70°C 86 m3/h 8m
tF 90°C
tR 50°C
tRB 70°C
S: 1 Constant speed pump Selected pump: Motor size:
t
1 x CLME 125-211 1 x 4,0 kW
Variation in flow: for
33% hours
75% flow
for
33% hours
50% flow
for
33% hours
H
Max. load main system
Min. load main system 2 . 29
100% flow
100%
40%
E :
12%
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
1,833
3.5
6,415
75
1,833
1.3
2,383
50
1,833
0.4
773
Total
5,500
Total
9,571
50%
75 %
1 00%
Q
2. Heating How to select M .
S D:
Q zone: 1.72 m3/h tFZ 70°C ∆p pump: 2.0 m
tF 90°C
tRZ 50°C
M
Example with two-way valve: Heat demand in the zone: 60 kW Flow temperature main system (tF): 90°C Flow temperature in the zone (tFZ): 70°C Return temperature in the zone (tRZ): 40°C Flow ((60 x 0.86)/30): 1.72 m3/h ∆p zone at max. flow (1.72 m3/h): (radiators+RTV+pipes/valves)(0.2+0.8+1.0): 2m
Q main 1.03 m3/h
S: 1 speed controlled pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
UPE 25-40 1 x 60 W 5,500
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
275
54
14.9
75
550
44
24.2
50
1,925
36
69.3
25
2,750
29
79.8
Total
5,500
Total
118.2
output input input input
Power supply MB 40/60
Power supply
E :
Alarm: Min./Max. curve: Stop/start: Analog 0-10V:
Min./Max. curve: input Stop/start: input GENIbus: in/output + G10 LONWORK: in/output G10
2 . 30
With an MC module it is possible to have an alarm from the pump. With an MB module it is possible to have GENIbus communication, + G10 (gateway) being LONWORK.
MB 40/60
2. Heating How to select M .
S D: Q zone: 1.72 m3/h tFZ 70°C ∆p pump: 4.0 m
tRZ 50°C
M
Example with three-way valve: Heat demand in the zone: 60 kW Flow temperature main system (tF): 90°C Flow temperature in the zone (tFZ): 70°C Return temperature in the zone (tRZ): 40°C Flow ((60 x 0.86)/30): 1.72 m3/h ∆p zone at max. flow (1.72 m3/h): three-way valve: 2.0 m (radiators+RTV+pipes/valves)(0.2+0.8+1.0): 2.0 m Total ∆p: 4.0 m
tF 90°C
Q main 1.03 m3/h
S: 1 speed controlled pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
UPE 25-80 1 x 250 W 5,500
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
275
130
35.8
75
550
107
58.9
50
1,925
89
171.3
25
2,750
78
214.5
Total
5,500
Total
480.5
output input input input
Power supply MB 80
Power supply
E :
Alarm: Min./Max. curve: Stop/start: Analog 0-10V:
2 . 31
With an MC module it is possible to have an alarm from the pump. With an MB module it is possible to have GENIbus communication, + G10 (gateway) being LONWORK.
MB 80
Min./Max. curve: input Stop/start: input GENIbus: in/output + G10 LONWORK: in/output G10
2. Heating How to select H .
S D: Example with constant speed pump: Heat demand: Flow temperature main system (tF): Flow temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Flow ((100 x 0.86)/25): ∆p at max. flow (3.4 m3/h): (surface+pipes/valves)(1.5+0.8+1.0):
100 kW 75°C 50°C 25°C 3.4 m3/h
Air flow
Adjustment valve
tR M
3.3 m Constant speed pump tFS
tF
S: 1 constant speed pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
UPS 25-80 1 x 250 W 5,500
2 . 32
The pump is set at speed 3, and the flow is adjusted to calculated flow. At speed 3 and a flow of 3.4 m3/h the head is 5.8 m. The pressure loss over the adjustment valve has to be (5.8 – 3.3) = 2.5 m more than at fully open valve.
Head
5.8 m
Adjustment valve
3.3 m
3.4 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
5,500
221
1,216
Total
5,500
Total
1,216
Flow
2. Heating How to select H .
S D: Example with variable speed pump: Heat demand: Flow temperature main system (tF): Flow temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Flow ((100 x 0.86)/25): ∆p at max. flow (3.4 m3/h): (surface+pipes/valves)(1.5+0.8):
100 kW 75°C 50°C 25°C 3.4 m3/h
tR
Air flow
M
2.3 m Variable speed pump
S:
tFS
1 constant speed pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
tF
UPE 25-80 1 x 250 W 5,500
E :
Head Max. curve 2 . 33
The pump is set at constant curve and adjusted to the right flow. The total head is lower due to no adjustment valve in the system. At the same time it is possible to communicate with the pump.
Reduced speed
2.3 m
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
5,500
140
770
Total
5,500
Total
770
S: The energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (1,216-770) = 446 kWh = 27% Moreover, an adjustment valve is not required (costs saved).
3.4 m3/h
Flow
2. Heating How to select H .
S D: Example with three-way valve: Heat transfer: Temperature air (t1): Temperature air (t2): Temperature air (t3): Temperature liquid (tF): Temperature liquid (tR): ∆t liquid system (12-0): Anti-freeze protection down to:
t3 M
tR
14.3 m3/h 1.14 16.3 m3/h
Air flow outlet
Air flow inlet
°C Freezing point
-20 -30 -40 0
20
40
kg/m3 1075 1050 1025 1000
TP 65-120 1 x 1.1 kW 5,500
Due to higher density the power consumption P2 will increase from 675 W to 715 W (P1=890W). To prevent overload of the motor it is important to check the max. P2 value of the motor. In this case the value is 1100 W, which gives a good safety margin. A dry-runner has been selected to avoid problems with condensation in the motor, and the shaft seal is of the RUUE type due to the liquid with glycol.
0
60 %
Glycol
Ethylene glycol 0°C 10°C 0°C 10°C Propylene glycol
1100
S:
t1
Propylene glycol Ethylene glycol
0 -10
3.3 m 3.3 m 1.3 8.6 m Density
1 constant speed pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
t2
tF
20
40
60 %
Glycol
2 . 34
Calculation of flow: Flow water((200 x 0.86)/12): Compensation factor for anti-freeze: (The specific heat drops by 20%) (Density increase 6%) Flow with anti-freeze liquid (14.3x1.14): ∆p system at max. flow three-way valve: (heat surface+pipes/valves)(2.3+1.0): Compensation factor for anti-freeze: Total ∆p: ((3.3+3.3) x 1.3)
200 kW - 12°C +10°C +22°C +12°C + 0°C +12°C -20°C
2. Heating How to select H .
S D: Example speed controlled pump: Heat transfer: Temperature air (t1): Temperature air (t2): Temperature air (t3): Temperature liquid (tF): Temperature liquid (tR): ∆t liquid system (12-0): Anti-freeze protection down to:
200 kW -12°C +10°C +22°C +12°C + 0°C +12°C -20°C
tR Air flow outlet
Freezing point
Air flow inlet
0
°C
-20 -30 -40
Density
20
40
kg/m3 1075 1050 1025 1000
TPE 65-60 1 x 0.55 kW 5,500
The pump is set at uncontrolled mode, and via the 0-10V analog input it is controlled by the air handling unit controller. Due to higher density the power consumption P2 will increase from 360 W to 385 W (P1=511W). To prevent overload of the motor it is important to check the max. P2 value of the motor. In this case the value is 550 W, which gives a good safety margin. A dry-runner has been selected to avoid problems with condensation in the motor, and the shaft seal is of the RUUE type due to the liquid with glycol.
0
60 %
Glycol
Ethylene glycol 0°C 10°C 0°C 10°C Propylene glycol
1100
1 speed contolled pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
t1
Propylene glycol Ethylene glycol
-10
0
S:
t2
tF
20
40
60 %
Glycol
2 . 35
Calculation of flow: Flow water((200 x 0.86)/12): 14.3 m3/h Compensation factor for anti-freeze: 1.14 (The specific heat drops by 20%) (Density increase 6%) Flow with anti-freeze liquid (14.3 x 1.14): 16.3 m3/h ∆p system at max. flow (heat surface+pipes/valves)(2.3+1.0): 3.3 m Compensation factor for anti-freeze: 1.3 Total ∆p: (3.3 x 1.3) 4.3 m
t3
2. Heating How to select H .
S 1: 1 constant speed pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year: Three-way valve: Access to system data: Price index:
TP 65-120 1 x 1.1 kW 5,500 Yes No 100 (570 EURO)
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
5,500
890
4,895
Total 5,500
Total 4,895
S 2: TPE 65-60 1 x 0.55 kW No 5,500 Yes 150 (860 EURO)
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,200
511
1,124
75
2,200
308
678
50
1,100
173
190
Total 5,500
Total 1,992
C/: Using a speed controlled pump, the total pressure loss in the system drops dramatically, and it is possible to get a variable flow in the system depending on the actual situation. When the flow is readjusted the pump will follow the system characteristics giving high savings. On top of the energy savings there is also a saving in investment and installation costs, as there is no need for the motor valve and the by-pass. Depending on the energy price the pay-back time is very short for the extra costs of the speed controlled pump system. At a cost of 0.1 EURO per kWh the pay-back time is 1 year.
Flow [%]
Sys.1 [kWh]
Sys. 2 [kWh]
100
4,895
1,124
75
678
50
190
Total
4,895
1,992
Saving [kWh]
Saving %
2,903
59
2 . 36
1 speed controlled pump Selected pump: Motor size: Three-way valve: Operating hours per year: Access to system data: Price index:
2. Heating How to select H .
S D: Example with fixed speed pump: Hotel with 320 rooms. Circulation loss per room: Total loss: Hot water temperature (tH): Circulation return temperature (tC): ∆t system: Flow ((64 x 0.86)/10): ∆p at max. flow (5.5 m3/h): (tank+pipes/valves)(1.0+2.5+3.0):
200 W 64 kW 55°C 45°C 10°C 5.5 m3/h
Hot water
Hot water circulation
Air-vent
55°C 45°C 5.5 m3/h 7.0 m
7.0 m Cold water
S: 1 constant speed pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
UPS 32-120 FB 1 x 400 W 8,760
Thermostatic valve
Heat loss
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,920
295
861
80
2,920
277
809
60
2,920
253
739
Total
8,760
Total
2,409
2 . 37
With a relay module built into the terminal box, there is no need for external motor protection, and at the same time the pump will have an alarm relay. Due to risk of corrosion the pump housing is made of bronze.
Heat loss
2. Heating How to select H .
S D: Example with fixed speed pump: Hotel with 320 rooms Circulation loss per room: Total loss: Hot water temperature (tH): Circulation return temperature (tC): ∆t system: Flow ((64 x 0.86)/10): ∆p at max. flow (5.5 m3/h): (tank+pipes/valves)(1.0+2.5+1.0):
200 W 64 kW 55°C 45°C 10°C 5.5 m3/h
Hot water
Hot water circulation
Air-vent
55°C 45°C 5.5 m3/h 5.0 m Temperature transmitter
5.0 m Cold water
S: 1 speed controlled pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
TPE 40-60 1 x 370 W 8,760
Heat loss
E :
2 . 38
There is no need for motor protection, and at the same time the pump will have an alarm relay. The pump is set at controlled mode, and the signal from the temperature transmitter is connected directly to the terminal box.
Heat loss
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,920
260
760
80
2,920
185
540
60
2,920
126
368
Total
8,760
Total
1,668
Savings compared to a system with thermostatic valves are 30%. Furthermore, investment and total installation costs are lower.
2. Heating How to select H .
S D: Example with fixed speed pump: Hotel with 320 rooms. Total effect (9,600/10): Hot water temperature (tH): Cold water temperature (tCO): ∆t system: Flow ((800 x0.86)/47): ∆p at max. flow (14.6 m3/h): (tank/exchanger+pipes/valves) (1.0+3.5+0.5+1.5):
800 kW 55°C 8°C 47°C 14.6 m3/h 6.5 m
HW HWC M
Charge pump
Temp. transmitter
Hot water Hot storage tank storage
ON/OFF thermostat
CW
S: 1 speed controlled pump Selected pump: Motor size: Operating hours per year:
TPE 50-120 1 x 1.1 kW 5,110
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
730
606
442
80
2,190
374
819
60
2,190
168
368
Total
5,110
Total
1,629
2 . 39
There is no need for motor protection, and at the same time the pump will have an alarm relay. The pump is set at controlled mode, and the signal from the temperature transmitter is connected directly to the terminal box. The ON/OFF thermostat in the storage tank is also connected direcly to the terminal box.
Flow in %
= Water consumption = Variation in flow charge pump = Calculation profile
Day-and-night
3. Air-conditioning
Overview • System/products • Product description
System description • • • • • • •
Chiller pumps Cooling towers Dry cooler Main pumps Cooling surfaces Cooling ceilings/floors Fan coils
How to select Chiller pumps Cooling towers Dry cooler Main pumps Cooling surfaces Cooling ceilings/floors Fan coils
3.1
• • • • • • •
3. Air-conditioning Overview S/
Cooler Battery
Cooling Tower or Air Cooled Condenser
Fan coil
Chilled Beam
Buffer tank M
O
UPS Series 200
O
TPE Series 2000
X
Fan coils
UPS Series 100
Cooling ceilings/floors
Main pumps
Dry cooler
Cooling towers
Product Type
X
X
3.1
System Type
M
Main pump
Chiller pumps
Chiller pump
M
Cooling surfaces
Chiller
TP/LM/LP/CLM
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
X
X
X
X
X
O
O
NK/NB
O
O
O
O
NKE/NBE
X
X
X
X
First choice = X
Second choice = O
3. Air-conditioning Overview P /
PC User level (BMS supply) Sub-station level (BMS supply) M M
X
X
X
X
TPE Series 2000
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
External sensor
Ext. Start / Stop
X
Product Type
Analogue input
LON bus
UPS Series 200
Communication
UPS Series 100
TP/LM/LP/CLM TPE/LME/LPE/CLME NK/NB NKE/NBE
3.2
GENIbus
pp
R100 Remote control
tt
External Alarm
Component level (Grundfos)
G10 G10
PMU PMU
3. Air-conditioning Overview P /
∆p
Used in connection with
Max. kW pump size
PMU
Management unit for up to 8 pumps
TPE Series 2000
7.5 kW
PFU
Preset controller for up to 4 pumps
Inline E-pumps
7.5 kW
Delta Control
Complete control panel for up to 4 pumps
In-Line E-pumps In-Line End suction E-Pumps End suction
7.5 kW 315 kW
PCU
Contact unit for up to 4 pumps
PMU PFU
3.3
Functionality
3. Air-conditioning Overview P
Air-conditioning Product Range Survey curve 50 Hz
H[m]
End-suction Dry-runners NB/NK NBE/NKE
In-line Dry-runners 3.4
TP/LM/LP/CLM TPE Series 2000 TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
In-line Glandless UPS Series 100 UPS Series 200
Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning Overview F /
Features
Benefits
S
S
Wide product range
Only one supplier
Wide system range
Easy selection
Support tools
Safe selection
I
I Easy/safe installation
Easy access to speed regulator
Safe/quick start up
Clear user interface
Quick start up
Integrated frequency converter
Safe installation
No need for motor protection
Lower installation cost
O
O
Very low noise level
High comfort
High quality materials
Durability and Reliability
Variable speed
Energy saving and Controllability
High efficiency
Low operation cost
3.5
Easy electrical connection
3. Air-conditioning Overview UPS S 100
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to +110°C PN 10 (10 bar) 25W to 250W 1 to 3 speed Unions; Flanges 130 to 250 mm Cast iron; Bronze Stainless Steel
C No M P F
3.6
Easy electrical connection Easy access to speed switch Very low noise level High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Wide application range
UPS Series 100 H[m]
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier • 2 years’ warranty End user: • Maintenance free • Durability • Low operating cost • High comfort
Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning Overview UPS S 200
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-10 to +120°C PN 10 (10 bar) 250W to 2200W 3 speed Flanges (PN6/10) 220 to 450 mm Cast iron; Bronze
C Alarm module GENIbus module
(accessories) (accessories)
M P F
3.7
Easy electrical connection Water lubricated bearings Very low noise level High quality material High efficiency Motor protection module Wide product range Wide application range
UPS Series 200 H[m]
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier • Easy to start-up End user: • Long lifetime • Maintenance free • Low operating cost • High comfort
Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning Overview TPE S 2000
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to +140°C PN 16 (16 bar) 0.37kW to 7.5kW Variable speed Flanges 280 to 450 mm Cast iron
C Alarm relay Digital input Anlog input GENIbus M P F 3.8
Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter Integrated diff. pressure sensor High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Catephoresis coated Communication
TPE Series 2000 H[m]
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Easy start-up • Only one supplier End user: • Long lifetime • Very low operating cost • High comfort • Access to operation data
Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning Overview TP/LM/LP/CLM
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to +140°C PN 20 (20 bar) 0.37kW to 45kW 1 speed Flanges 280 to 820 mm Cast iron; Bronze
C None M P F
3.9
High quality material High efficiency Wide product range Twin head pumps Wide application range Standard motor Catephoresis coated
TP/LM/LP/CLM H[m]
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Long lifetime • Low operating cost • High comfort Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning Overview TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing
-25 to + 140°C PN 16 (16 bar) 0.37kW to 7.5kW Variable speed Flanges 280 to 450 mm Cast iron
C Alarm relay Digital input Anlog input GENIbus M P F 3 . 10
Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Catephoresis coated Communication
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME H[m]
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Easy start-up • Only one supplier End user: • Long lifetime • Very low operating cost • High comfort • Access to operation data
Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning Overview NB/NK
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Pump housing
-10 to + 140°C PN 16 ( 16 bar ) 0.37 KW to 355 KW 50 Hz, 2 - 4 and 6 pol DN 32 - 300 Cast iron; Bronze
C None M P F
3 . 11
Flexibility High quality material High efficiency Wide product range Spacer coupling Wide application range Standard motor
NB/NK H[m]
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Long lifetime • Low operating cost
Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning Overview NBE/NKE
T D Temperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Pump housing
-10 to +140°C PN 16 ( 16 bar ) 0.75 KW to 7.5 KW Variable DN 32 - 125 Cast iron
C Alarm relay Digital input Anlog input GENIbus M P F
3 . 12
Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Communication
NBE/NKE H[m]
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Easy start-up • Only one supplier End user: • Long lifetime • Very low operating cost • High comfort • Access to operation data
Q[m3/h]
3. Air-conditioning System description C W P
F Application with one chiller. The chiller is fitted with temperature sensors which control the temperature difference depending on the cooling load. Care must be taken to ensure that there is no freezing up of the evaporator coils. Because of this, a constant water flow is required and usually a fixed speed pump is installed. Control is normally via a regulating valve, but it may be possible to use a variable speed pump which is controlled according to the start/stop sequence of the chiller.
Chiller pump
Flow adjusted with a valve
Chiller pump
Flow adjusted with a pump
D Pump type
5 - 150
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
150 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter
Head
∆pvalve
Flow
Power
Correct flow
I Pump is set to uncontrolled operation and then adjusted to the correct flow. It is easily done with the remote control R100. Pump terminals for start/stop input are connected. To secure a high comfort a standby pump can be added. Controller PFU will be used for alternation between two pumps.
Max. speed
Flow adjusted with a valve
Head
Max. speed
Flow adjusted with a variable speed pump Reduced speed
Flow
Power
Correct flow
3 . 13
Flow per Pump m3/h
3. Air-conditioning System description C W P
F 2 chillers are connected in parallel, each having their own pump. The chillers have their own control systems and as there is a risk of ice forming inside the evaporators, a constant water flow is recommended. The chillers run in cascade with the pumps being controlled by a start/stop signal from the chillers. On start, pumps start before the chillers start. On stop, pumps stop just after the chillers stop. With fixed speed (uncontrolled) pumps there is a variation of pressure in the circuit hence a flow variation. See diagram Solution: Using variable speed pumps the pressure drops through the evaporators are controlled by differential pressure sensors. In order to keep this pressure constant, pump performances are controlled, the right flow attained and energy consumption minimized.
∆p
∆p will increase when 2 pumps are running
∆p
Duty point when 2 pumps are running
H
Duty point when 1 pump is running
H1
Flow per Pump m3/h
Pump type
5 - 150
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
150 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter
Q2
Pump is set to controlled operation (∆p control). It is easily done with the remote control R100. Pump terminals for start/stop input are connected. To secure a high comfort, a standby pump can be added. Controller PFU will be used for alternation between two pumps.
Q
Duty point when 2 pumps are running
H
I
Q1
Uncontrolled pump
H2
Duty point when 1 pump is running
H1
Q2
Q
Variable speed pump
3 . 14
H2
D
3. Air-conditioning System description A C C
F The chiller varies its performance according to the cooling demand of the system. It is recommended that the system has a constant flow, normally adjusted by an regulating valve. It may be an advantage to use a variable speed pump which can provide a financially viable alternative.
TT
Flow adjusted with a valve
TT
D Flow adjusted with a pump
Pump type
5 - 150
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
150 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter
In such systems, risk of frost will involve the use of glycol mixture.
Head
Max. speed
Flow adjusted with a valve
∆pvalve
Flow
Power
Correct flow
I Pump is set to uncontrolled operation and then adjusted to the correct flow. It is easily done with the remote control R100. To secure a high comfort, a standby pump can be added. Controller PFU has to be used for alternation between two pumps.
Head
Max. speed
Flow adjusted with a pump Reduced speed
Flow
Power
Correct flow
3 . 15
Flow per Pump m3/h
3. Air-conditioning System description C
F The chiller varies its performance according to the cooling demand of the system. The cooling tower has to be controlled, in order to keep a constant return water temperature for the condenser. Usually, the cooling tower water flow is controlled by a three-way valve. The condenser has a constant flow, normally adjusted by a regulating valve. As an alternative, we recommend control of cooling tower water flow by variable speed pumps. Pumps adapt their speed according to the return water temperature measured by the sensor. The complete system has a variable flow, and therefore maximum energy savings can be obtained.
M M
T
T T
D Flow per Pump m3/h
Pump type
5 - 150
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
150 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter
100
Flow in %
3 . 16
80 60 40 20 0
1200
2400
Hours/year
In such systems, risk of frost will involve the use of glycol mixture. Parallel operation
I Temperature sensor is placed on the return pipe. When using TPE, LME, LPE or CLME, no motor protection is necessary, but a pump control unit must be added for parallel operation. For bigger systems, motor protection and pump control unit are necessary. An open cooling tower must be located on the upper point of the circuit. This in order to obtain a sufficient inlet pressure to avoid cavitation in the pump.
30%
50%
75%
100%
Flow
3. Air-conditioning System description P C
F
100 80 Flow in %
Installation with 2 way valves. The demand for cooling varies greatly during the year. When the installation is equipped with twoway valves, the flow is variable. In this case we recommend the use of variable speed pumps installed in parallel as main pumps. Using a PFU controller a maximum of 4 pumps can be controlled. By varying the speed of all the pumps, maximum energy savings can be obtained.
60 40 20 0
1200
2400
Hours/year
D Pump type
5 - 100
TPE Series 2000
100 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter
3 . 17
Flow per Pump m3/h
30%
It is important to check the efficiency at the duty point, where the system has a high number of operating hours.
50%
75%
100%
Flow
Duty point with a high number of operatin hours
I
Buffer tank Buff er tank
Using TPE Series 2000, no external pressure sensor and motor protection is necessary, only a PMU is needed for parallel operation. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system. For bigger systems, both external sensor, motor protection and a pump control unit is necessary.
When pumps are installed in parallel non-return valves must be installed
3. Air-conditioning System description P C
M M
M M
M M
The demand for cooling varies greatly during the year. When the installation is equipped with threeway valves, the flow around the primary circuit is constant, with the flow to the room coolers being controlled by the three way valves. When the cooling demand is low, water coming from the chiller is by-passed and the return temperature is reduced. If the chiller is not controlled by this return temperature, we recommend the use of variable speed pumps mounted in parallel up to a maximum of 4 pumps. By controlling the speed of all the pumps, the return temperature is maintained, and maximum energy savings obtained.
M M
F
tt
D 100
5 - 150
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
150 - 200
LM/LP/CLM + External freq. converter
80 Flow in %
Pump type
3 . 18
Flow per Pump m3/h
60 40 20 0
1200
2400
Hours/year
200 - 1000
NK+ External freq. converter
Parallel operation
I Temperature sensor is placed on the return pipe after the last connecting point. Using TPE, LME, LPE or CLME, no motor protection is necessary, but a pump control unit must be added for parallel operation. For bigger systems, motor protection and pump control unit are necessary.
30%
50%
75%
100%
Flow
3. Air-conditioning System description C B C
F A cooler battery cools the air, which is blown into the building through the air conditioning system. The temperature in the cooler battery is dependent on the outside temperature and is controlled via the air conditioning system’s control unit. To ensure a good heat transmission coefficient, the system requires a constant flow. The cooler battery output is controlled by a temperature controller, using a mixing circuit equipped with either a two-way or three-way valve. Normally the flow is adjusted by a regulating Valve but it may be an advantage to use a variable speed pump.
Flow adjusted with a valve
Flow adjusted with a pump
D Head
Pump type
5 - 150
TPE/LME/LPE/CLME
Max. speed
∆pvalve
Flow
Power
Correct flow
I TPE/LME/LPE: The pump is set at uncontrolled mode, and then adjusted to the correct flow. This is easily done with remote control R100.
Head
Max. speed
Flow adjusted with a pump Reduced speed
Flow
Power
Correct flow
3 . 19
Flow per Pump m3/h
Flow adjusted with a valve
3. Air-conditioning System description C B/F
F
M 15°C T
18°C M
T
M M
Due to the risk of condensation, the flow temperature through a chilled beam/floor network must be higher than the temperature in the pipework from the chiller. A mixing circuit equipped with either two-way or three-way valves controls this temperature. Due to variation in use and cooling demand in different parts of the building, the cooling duty of the chilled beam / floor network is controlled by two-way valves via a room control unit. By varying the speed of the pump, it is possible to increase the electrical energy saving of the system.
M
T
6°C
D
5 - 100
TPE Series 2000
100 80 Flow in %
Pump type
It is important to check the efficiency at the duty point where the system has a high number of operating hours.
3 . 20
Flow per Pump m3/h
60 40 20 0
1200
2400
Hours/year
I Using TPE Series 2000 there is no need for an external pressure sensor and a motor protection. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system.
30%
50%
75%
100%
Flow
Duty point with a high number of operating hours
3. Air-conditioning System description F
F
T M
10°C T
15°C T M
M
In order to avoid too cold air flow, the flow temperature through the fan coil network must be higher the water temperature from the chiller. A mixing circuit with either two-way or three-way valves controls this temperature. Due to variation in use and cooling demand in different parts of the building, the cooling duty of the fan coil network is controlled by two-way valves via a room control unit. By varying the speed of the pump, it is possible to increase the electrical energy saving of the system.
6°C
D
5 - 100
TPE Series 2000
100 80 Flow in %
Pump type
It is important to check the efficiency at the duty point where the system has a high number of operating hours.
3 . 21
Flow per Pump m3/h
60 40 20 0
1200
2400
Hours/year
I Using TPE Series 2000 there is no need for an external pressure sensor and a motor protection. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system.
30%
50%
75%
100%
Flow
Duty point with a high number of operating hours
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
Q Step 1: Define total m2 cooled area Step 2: Define the cooling demand per m2 Step 3: Define the ∆t of the system Step 4: Define the ∆p of the pump Step 5: Find the exact pump in the data booklet
ex. 250,000 m2 ex. 50 W/m2 (total cooling demand 12,500 kW) ex. ∆t 5°C (flow 2,150 m3/h) ex. 45 m ex. 3x NK 200-400/400 132 kW
100 W/m2 = Old building (low insulation) 75
W/m2
∆t = 10°C ex. (tF 8°C - tR 18°C) ∆t = 5°C ex. (tF 6°C - tR 11°C)
= Old building (medium insulation)
100,000
W/m2 = 100 W/m2 = 75 W/m2 = 50
10,000
3 . 22
1,000
∆t = 10°C
100 1000
10,000
100,000
Cooled area in
∆t = 5°C
1,000,000
[m2] 100 50
= 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (wet runner) = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 2 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 3 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner)
Heat in [m]
Cooling demand in [kW]
50 W/m2 = New building (high insulation)
10 5
= 4-5 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) 1
10
100
1,000
Flow in [m3/h]
10,000
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
Q Step 1: Define total m2 cooled area Step 2: Define the cooling loss per m2 Step 3: Define the ∆t in the system Step 4: Define the ∆p of the pump Step 5: Find the exact pump in the data booklet
100 W/m2 = Old building (low insulation)
∆t = 10°C ex. (tF 8°C - tR 18°C) ∆t = 5°C ex. (tF 6°C - tR 11°C)
75 W/m2 = Old building (medium insulation) W/m2 = 100 W/m2 = 75 W/m2 = 50
10,000
3 . 23
1,000
∆t = 10°C
100 1000
10,000
100,000
∆t = 5°C
1,000,000
Cooled area in [m2] 100 50
= 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (wet runner) = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 2 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 3 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner)
Heat in [m]
Cooling demand in [kW]
50 W/m2 = New building (high insulation) 100,000
10 5
= 4-5 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) 1
10
100
1,000
Flow in [m3/h]
10,000
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
S D:
tR Distribution net
Buffertank
250,000 m2 new building 50 W/m2 Cooling demand: (250,0000 m2 x 0.05kW/m2) 12,500 kW Flow temperature (tF): 6°C Return temperature (tR): 11°C ∆t: (11°C – 6°C) 5°C Liquid: Water Flow ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m3/h ∆p with max. flow (2,150 m3/h): 45 m
tF
Operating hours per year:
1,930 hours
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
1,930
342
660,060
Total
1,930
Total
660,060
M M
3 . 24
2 Constant speed pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x NK 250-400/409 Motor size: 3 x 200 kW The system is built with 3-way valves, which gives a constant flow. The pumps are stopped when the cooling demand is low.
M M
S: S 1
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
S D:
tR Distribution net
Buffertank
250,000 m2 new building 50 W/m2 Cooling demand: (250,0000 m2 x 0.05kW/m2) 12,500 kW Flow temperature (tF): 6°C Return temperature (tR): 11°C ∆t: (11°C – 6°C) 5°C Liquid: Water Flow ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m3/h ∆p with max. flow (2,150 m3/h): 45 m
Operating hours per year:
2,930 hours
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
342
49,248
91
288
267
76,896
83
1,056
191
201,696
75
1,442
139
200,438
Total
2,930
Total
528,278
M M
TT
3 . 25
2 Speed controlled pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x NK 250-400/409 Motor size: 3 x 200 kW The system is built with 3-way valves, which gives a constant flow. The pumps are controlled by means of a temperature sensor. Low cooling demand will decrease the return temperature. When the temperature decreases, the pump speed will also decrease.
M M
tF
S: S 2
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
S D:
tR Distribution net
Buffertank
250,000 m2 new building 50 W/m2 Cooling demand: (250,0000 m2 x 0.05kW/m2) 12,500 kW Flow temperature (tF): 6°C Return temperature (tR): 11°C ∆t: (11°C – 6°C) 5°C Liquid: Water Flow ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m3/h ∆p with max. flow (2,150 m3/h): 45 m
tF
S: S 3 2 Constant speed pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x NK 250-400/409 Motor size: 3 x 200 kW The system is built with 2-way valves, which gives a varible flow. Variation in the flow: for
5% hours
75% flow
for
10% hours
50% flow
for
35% hours
30% flow
for
50% hours
Operating hours per year:
M
2,930 hours
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
342
49,248
75
288
388
88,704
50
1,056
187
197,472
30
1,442
164
236,488
Total
2,930
Total
571,912
M
3 . 26
100% flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
S D:
tR Distribution net
Buffertank
250,000 m2 new building 50 W/m2 Cooling demand: (250,0000 m2 x 0.05kW/m2) 12,500 kW Flow temperature (tF): 6°C Return temperature (tR): 11°C ∆t: (11°C – 6°C) 5°C Liquid: Water Flow ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m3/h ∆p with max. flow (2,150 m3/h): 45 m
tF
S: S 4 2 Constant speed pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 4 x NK 200-400/400 Motor size: 4 x 132 kW The system is built with 2-way valves, which gives a varible flow. Variation in the flow: for
5% hours
75% flow
for
10% hours
50% flow
for
35% hours
30% flow
for
50% hours
Operating hours per year:
3 . 27
100% flow
∆p pumps = constant pressure
M
∆p
2,930 hours
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
349
50,256
75
288
260
74,880
50
1,056
178
187,968
30
1,442
100
144,200
Total
2,930
Total
457,304
M
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
S D:
tR Distribution net
Buffertank
250,000 m2 new building 50 W/m2 Cooling demand: (250,0000 m2 x 0.05kW/m2) 12,500 kW Flow temperature (tF): 6°C Return temperature (tR): 11°C ∆t: (11°C – 6°C) 5°C Liquid: Water Flow ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m3/h ∆p with max. flow (2,150 m3/h): 45 m
tF
S: S 5 3 Speed controlled pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 4 x NK 200-400/400 Motor size: 4 x 132 kW The system is built with 2-way valves, which gives a varible flow. Variation in the flow: for
5% hours
75% flow
for
10% hours
50% flow
for
35% hours
30% flow
for
50% hours
Operating hours per year:
3 . 28
100% flow
∆p system = proportinal pressure
M
M
∆p
2,930 hours
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
349
50,256
75
288
135
38,880
50
1,056
79
83,424
30
1,442
47
67,774
Total
2,930
Total
240,334
3. Air-conditioning How to select P C P
C:
M
660,060 kWh/year
M
System 1: 3-way valve system 2 constant speed pumps Constant flow. Energy consumption:
System 1 + 2:
System 2: 3-way valve system 2 speed controlled pumps Variable flow (temperature control) Energy consumption: 528,278 kWh/year System 3: 2-way valve system 2 constant speed pumps Variable flow Energy consumption:
System 3 + 4 + 5: 571,912 kWh/year
M
M
System 5: 2-way valve system 3 speed controlled pumps Variable flow (proportional pressure) Energy consumption: 240,334 kWh/year
System
Energy consumtion kWh/year
Saving kWh/year
Saving %
1
660,060
0
0
2
528,278
131,782
20
3
571,912
88,148
14
4
457,304
202,756
31
5
240,334
419,726
63
3 . 29
System 4: 2-way valve system 3 speed controlled pumps Variable flow (constant pressure) Energy consumption: 457,304 kWh/year
3. Air-conditioning How to select C W P
S D: One chiller is used: Cooling demand: Flow temperature (tF): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((615 x 0.86)/5) ∆p at max. flow (106 m3/h): (pipes/chiller + adjusting valve )(8+2):
615 kW 6°C 11°C Water 106 m3/h
Chiller pump
10 m
S: 1 Constant speed pump One head in operation – One head in stand-by Flow is constant Selected pump: LPD 125-125/125 Motor size: 2 x 5.5 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930
3 . 30
Based on a flow of 106 m3/h, the head is 11.3 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (11.3-10) = 1.3 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads.
Head
11.3 m
Adjustment valve
10 m
106 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
5.8
16,994
Total
2,930
Total
16,994
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C W P
S D: One chiller is used: Cooling demand: Flow temperature (tF): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((615 x 0.86)/5) ∆p at max. flow (106 m3/h): (pipes/chiller )(8):
615 kW 6°C 11°C Water 106 m3/h
Chiller pump
8m
S:
Head Max. curve Reduced speed
8m
106 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
5.15
15,090
Total
2,930
Total
15,090
S: The energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (16,994-15,090) = 1,904 kWh = 11% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve.
3 . 31
1 Constant speed pump One head in operation – One head in stand-by Flow is constant Selected pump: LPD 125-125/125 Motor size: 2 x 5.5 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 The pump is set at uncontrolled operation mode and adjusted to the right flow. The total head is lower, because there is no adjustment valve in the system. At the same time it is possible to communicate with the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads.
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C W P
S D: Two chillers are connected in parallel, each with one pump. Cooling demand: 2 x 615 kW Flow temperature (tF): 6°C Return temperature (tR): 11°C Liquid: Water Flow 2x ((615 x 0.86)/5) 2 x 106 m3/h ∆p when 2 pumps are running: (pipes/chiller + adjusting valve )(9+2): 11 m ∆p when 1 pump is running: (pipes/chiller + adjusting valve )(7+2): 9m
∆p will increase when 2 pumps are running
S:
100
Flow in %
80 60
3 . 32
2 Constant speed pumps Two heads in operation – Two heads in stand-by Flow will vary Selected pumps: 2 x LPD 125-125/125 Motor size: 2 x (2 x 5.5 kW) Operating hours per year: 2,930 One pump in operation: 1,930 Two pumps in operation: 1,000 Based on a flow of 106 m3/h, the head is 11.3 m (with both pumps in operation). The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (11.3-11) = 0.3 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads.
40 1 chiller in operation
2 chillers in operation
20 0
1200 1000
Hours/year
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
50
1,930
6.1
11,773
100
1,000
2 x 5.8
11,600
Total
2,930
Total
23,373
2 pumps in operation 1 pump in operation
2400
3. Air-conditioning How to select C W P
S D: Two chillers are connected in parallel, each with one pump. Cooling demand: 2 x 615 kW Flow temperature (tF): 6°C Return temperature (tR): 11°C Liquid: Water Flow 2x((615 x 0.86)/5) 2 x 106 m3/h ∆p when 2 pumps are running: (pipes/chiller)(9): 9m ∆p when 1 pump is running: (pipes/chiller)(7): 7m
∆p will increase when 2 pumps are running
∆p
100
Flow in %
80 60
3 . 33
S: 2 Speed controlled pumps Flow per pump is constant Selected pumps: 2 x LPDE 125-125/125 Motor size: 2 x (2 x 5.5 kW) One pump in operation: 1,930 hours Two pumps in operation: 1,000 hours The pump is set at control mode and differential pressure sensors are connected directly to the pumps. No motor protection is needed, and an alarm output can be obtained from the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads.
∆p
40 1 chiller in operation
2 chillers in operation
20 0
1200 1000
Hours/year
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
50
1,930
4.8
9,264
100
1,000
2 x 5.5
11,000
Total
2,930
Total
20,264
S: The energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (23,373-20,264) = 3,109 kWh = 13% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve.
2 pumps in operation 1 pump in operation
2400
3. Air-conditioning How to select C T
S D: Cooling demand: 320 kW Flow temperature (tF): 32°C Return temperature (tR): 27°C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m3 - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg°C -υ: 2 cst (= 2mm2/s) Flow ((320 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 60 m3/h ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler + adj. valve + 3-way valve )(7+2+4): 13 m
M
TT
Flow adjusted with a valve
S:
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
4.5
13,185
Total
2,930
Total
13,185
Head
3 . 34
1 Constant speed pump One head in operation – One head in stand-by Flow is constant and adjusted by the 3-way valve. Selected pump: LPD 100-125/133 Motor size: 2 x 4.0 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 60 m3/h, the head is 16 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (16-13) = 3 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation because of the high glycol content, the density of the pumped liquid is increased and therefore the power consumption of the motor will increase. To prevent motor overload it is important to check its P2 value. Shaft seal must be suitable for glycol (RUUE version recommended).
16 m
Adjustment valve
13 m
60 m3/h
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C T
S D: Cooling demand: 320 kW Flow temperature (tF): 32°C Return temperature (tR): 27°C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m3 - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg°C -υ: 2 cst (= 2mm2/s) Flow ((320 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 60 m3/h ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler )(7): 7m
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
2.6
374
75
288
1.2
346
50
1,056
0.45
475
30
1,442
1.24
346
Total
2,930
Total
1,541
S: The energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (13,185-1,541) = 11,644 kWh = 88% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve and a 3-way valve.
3 . 35
S: 1 Speed controlled pump Flow will vary Selected pump: LMDE 100-200/187 Motor size: 2 x 3.0 kW The pump is set at control mode and temperature sensors are connected directly to the pumps. There is no need for motor protection, and an alarm output can be obtained from the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. Because of the high glycol content, the density of the pumped liquid is increased and therefore the power consumption of the motor will increase. To prevent motor overload it is important to check its P2 value. Shaft seal must be suitable for glycol (RUUE version recommended).
TT
7m
30%
50%
75%
100%
60 m3/h
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select A C C
S D: Cooling demand: 532 kW Flow temperature (tF): 32°C Return temperature (tR): 27°C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m3 - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg°C -υ: 2 cst (= 2mm2/s) Flow ((532 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 100 m3/h ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler + adjusting valve )(9+2): 11 m
T
Flow adjusted with a valve
S:
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
6.1
17,873
Total
2,930
Total
17,873
Head
3 . 36
1 Constant speed pump One head in operation – One head in stand-by Flow is constant Selected pump: LPD 125-125/125 Motor size: 2 x 5.5 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 100 m3/h, the head is 12.5 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (12.5-11) = 1.5 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. Because of the high glycol content, the density of the pumped liquid is increased and therefore the power consumption of the motor will increase. To prevent motor overload it is important to check its P2 value. Shaft seal must be suitable for glycol (RUUE version recommended).
12,5 m
Adjustment valve
11 m
100 m3/h
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select A C C
S D: Cooling demand: 532 kW Flow temperature (tF): 32°C Return temperature (tR): 27°C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m3 - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg°C -υ: 2 cst (= 2mm2/s) Flow ((532 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 100 m3/h ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler)(9): 9m
T
Flow adjusted with a valve
S:
Head Max. curve Reduced speed
9 m
100 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
5.3
15,529
Total
2,930
Total
15,529
S: The energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (17,873-15,529) = 2,344 kWh = 13% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve.
3 . 37
1 Speed controlled pump Flow is constant Selected pump: LPD 125-125/125 Motor size: 2 x 5.5 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 The pump is set at uncontrolled operation mode and adjusted to the right flow. The total head is lower because there is no adjustment valve in the system. At the same time it is possible to communicate with the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads.
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C B
S D: Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((174 x 0.86)/5) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/surface + adjusting valve )(5+1.5):
174 kW 6°C 8°C 13°C Water 30 m3/h
M M
6.5 m
Flow adjusted with a valve
S:
Head
3 . 38
1 Constant speed pump One head in operation – One head in stand-by Flow is constant Selected pump: TPD 65-120 Motor size: 2 x 1.1 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 30 m3/h, the head is 7 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (7-6.5) = 0.5 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads.
7.0 m
Adjustment valve
6.5 m
30 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
1.1
3,223
Total
2,930
Total
3,223
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C B
S D: Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((174 x 0.86)/5) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/surface)(5):
174 kW 6°C 8°C 13°C Water 30 m3/h
M
5.0 m
S:
Flow adjusted with a pump
Head Max. curve Reduced speed
5m
30 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
0.8
2,344
Total
2,930
Total
2,344
S: The energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (3,223-2,344) = 879 kWh = 27% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve.
3 . 39
1 Speed controlled pump One head in operation – One head in stand-by Flow is constant Selected pump: TPED 65-120 Motor size: 2 x 1.1 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 The pump is set at uncontrolled operation mode and adjusted to the right flow. The total head is lower because there is no adjustment valve in the system. At the same time it is possible to communicate with the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads.
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C B/F
S D: 87 kW 6°C 15°C 18°C Water 25 m3/h
T
M 15°C T
18°C
T
M
15.5 m M
Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((87 x 0.86)/3) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/3-way valve + adj. valve )(14+1.5):
T
M 6°C
S:
Head
3 . 40
1 Constant speed pump Flow is constant and adjusted by 3-way valves Selected pump: LP 65-125/117 Motor size: 2.2 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 25 m3/h, the head is 16.5 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (16.5-15.5) = 1 m more than full open valve.
16.5 m
Adjustment valve
15.5 m
25 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
2.2
6,446
Total
2,930
Total
6,446
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C B/F
S D: 87 kW 6°C 15°C 18°C Water 25 m3/h
T
M 15°C T
18°C M
15.5 m
T
M
Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((87 x 0.86)/3) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/3-way valve + adj. valve )(14+1.5):
T
M 6°C
S: Head
16.5 m
Adjustment valve
15.5 m
30% 50% 75% 100%
25 m /h 3
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
2.2
317
75
288
1.9
547
50
1,056
1.7
1,795
30
1,442
1.4
2,019
Total
2,930
Total
4,678
Flow
3 . 41
1 Constant speed pump Flow is constant and adjusted by 3-way valves Selected pump: LP 65-125/117 Motor size: 2.2 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 25 m3/h, the head is 16.5 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (16.5-15.5) = 1 m more than full open valve.
3. Air-conditioning How to select C B/F
S D: 87 kW 6°C 15°C 18°C Water 25 m3/h
M 15°C T
18°C M
14 m
T
T
M
Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((87 x 0.86)/3) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/2-way valve)(14):
M
T
6°C
S:
Max. curve 3 . 42
1 Speed controlled pump Flow is variable and adjusted by 2-way valve. Selected pump: TPE 65-180 Series 2000 Motor size: 2.2 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 The pump is set at proportional pressure control mode. No added sensor or external controller are necessary (controllers are integrated to pumps up to 7.5 kw). There is no need for motor protection, and an alarm output can be obtained from the pump.
14 m
30%
50%
75%
100%
25 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
1.9
274
75
288
1.4
403
50
1,056
0.95
1,003
30
1,442
0.73
1,053
Total
2,930
Total
2,733
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select C B/F
S: System 1: Constant speed pump and 3-way valves. System 2: Constant speed pump and 2-way valves. System 3: Speed controlled pump and 2-way valves.
System 1:
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
2.2
6,446
Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 1:
Total 2,930
(6,446-2,733) = 3,713 kWh = 58%
Total 6,446
Components saving: Adjustment valve + two-way valves in stead of expensive three-way valves. System 2:
Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 2:
Components saving: Adjustment valve + pressure relief valve (to maintain a constant pressure and also avoid noise in valves and negative influences system balancing).
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
2.2
317
75
288
1.9
547
50
1,056
1.7
1,795
30
1,442
1.4
2,019
Total 2,930
Total 4,678
System 3: Depending on the energy price, there is a very short pay-back time on the extra cost of installing a speed-controlled pump system.
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
1.9
274
75
288
1.4
403
50
1,056
0.95
1,003
30
1,442
0.73
1,053
Total 2,930
Total 2,733
3 . 43
(4,678-2,733) = 1,945 kWh = 42%
Flow [%]
3. Air-conditioning How to select F
S D: 465 kW 6°C 10°C 15°C Water 80 m3/h
M
T
T
10°C 15°C
20 m
M
T
M
Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((580 x 0.86)/5) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/3-way valve + adj. valve )(18+2):
6°C
S:
An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two pumps.
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
6.6
19,338
Total
2,930
Total
19,338
Head
3 . 44
1 Constant speed pump 1 in operation – 1 in stand-by Flow is constant and adjusted by 3-way valves Selected pump: 2xLP 100-125/137 Motor size: 2x7,5 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 80 m3/h, the head is 21.8 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (21.8-20) = 1.8 m more than full open valve.
21.8 m
Adjustment valve
20 m
80 m3/h
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select F
S D: Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((580 x 0.86)/5) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/2 way valve + adj. valve )(18+2):
465 kW 6°C 10°C 15°C Water 80 m3/h
T
M
T
10°C 15°C
20 m
T
M
M
6°C
S: Head
3 . 45
2 Constant speed pumps 1 in operation - 1 in stand-by Flow is variable and adjusted by 2-way valves Selected pump: 2xLP 100-125/137 Motor size: 2x7,5 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 80 m3/h, the head is 21.8 m. The pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (21.8-20) = 1.8 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two pumps.
21.8 m 20 m
Adjustment valve
30% 50% 75% 100%
80 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
6.6
950
75
288
5.8
1,670
50
1,056
5.1
5,386
30
1,442
4.9
7,066
Total
2,930
Total
15,072
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select F
S D: Cooling demand: Flow temperature main system(tF): Return temperature (tFS): Return temperature (tR): Liquid: Flow ((580 x 0.86)/5) ∆p at max. flow: (pipes/2- way valve)(18):
465 kW 6°C 10°C 15°C Water 80 m3/h
T
10°C 15°C
18 m
6°C
Max. curve 3 . 46
2 Speed controlled pumps 1 pump in operation – 1 pump in stand-by Flow is variable and adjusted by 2-way valves. Selected pump: 2 x TPE 100-240 Series 2000 Motor size: 2 x 7.5 kW Operating hours per year: 2,930 The pumps are connected to a controller (PMU) for alternation mode. No added sensor is necessary There is no need for motor protection, and an alarm output can be obtained from the system (PMU). The pressure loss compensation (proportional pressure) is set at 70% in the PMU.
20 m 18 m
6m 30%
50%
75%
100%
80 m3/h
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [W]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
6.1
878
75
288
4.0
1,152
50
1,056
2.5
2,640
30
1,442
1.5
2,153
Total
2,930
Total
6,823
T
M
M
S:
T
M
Flow
3. Air-conditioning How to select F
S: System 1: Constant speed pump and 3-way valves. System 2: Constant speed pump and 2-way valves. System 3: Speed controlled pump and 2-way valves.
System 1:
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
2,930
6.6
19,338
Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 1:
Total 2,930
(19,338-6,823) = 12,515 kWh = 65%
Total 19,338
Components saving: Adjustment valve + two-way valves in stead of expensive three-way valves. System 2:
Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 2:
Components saving: Adjustment valve + pressure relief valve (to maintain a constant pressure and also avoid noise in valves and negative influences system balancing).
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
6.6
950
75
288
5.8
1,670
50
1,056
5.1
5,386
30
1,442
4.9
7,066
Total 2,930
Total 15,072
System 3: Depending on the energy price, there is a very short pay-back time on the extra cost of installing a speed-controlled pump system.
Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
144
6.1
878
75
288
4.0
1,152
50
1,056
2.5
2,640
30
1,442
1.5
2,153
Total 2,930
Total 6,823
3 . 47
(15,072-6,823) = 8,249 kWh = 55%
Flow [%]
4. Pressure Pressure Boosting Boosting
Overview
Application/products Product Range Featrues/Benefits Hydro 1000 Hydro 2000 Hydro 2000 Solo E
System description
Function Dimensioning Tank Dimensioning Installation
Pressure Boosting System
2.1
How to select
4. Pressure Boosting Overview A/
Pressure boosting from roof tank
Direct Boosting Water mains
Zone 3 To building
Booster system
Zone 2 Break tank system Water mains
Water mains To building Booster Zone 1
Water transport to roof tank Water mains
Zone divided water supply
Water transport to roof tank
– system with roof tank
Pressure Boosting
– system with direct connection to water mains
Pressure Boosting
– system with break tank
Product Type
Pressure Boosting
2.1
System Type
Hydro 1000
O
O
Hydro 2000
X
X
X
X
O
O
O
Hydro 2000 Solo E
X
CR First choice = X
O
Second choice = O
4. Pressure Boosting Overview A/
PC User level (BMS supply) Sub-station level (BMS supply) G100
Component level (Grundfos)
G10 G100
p p
Hydro 2000 Solo E
2.2
Hydro 2000
X
Hydro 2000
X
X
X
Hydro 2000 Solo E
X
X
X
CR
X
GENIbus – direct
X
Product Type
LON bus – via G100
Ext. Start / Stop – via contact
Hydro 1000
Communication
LON bus – via G10
External Alarm – via relay
Remote set point – analog signal
Hydro 1000
X
X
X
X
4. Pressure Boosting Overview P
Pressure Booster Product Range Survey curve 50 Hz program
H[m]
Hydro 2000
2.3
Hydro 2000 Solo-E
Hydro 1000
Q[m3/h]
4. Pressure Boosting Overview F / B
Features
Benefits
S
S
Wide product range
Only one supplier, covers all systems
Wide performance range
Same booster type for all systems
I
I Easy installation, only mains supply and pipes have to be connected
Boosters are tested and pre-adjusted from factory
Easy and safe commissioning
All internal connections between pumps, sensor etc. are done
Safe installation
Build-in motor protection
Low installation cost
O
O
Variable speed
High comfort, energy saving
High quality material
Long lifetime
High efficiency
Low Cost of Ownership
2.4
One complete compact unit
4. Pressure Boosting Overview H 1000
T D Temperature Max. pressure Boost Pressure Flow range Power range Number of pumps Materials : - Pump - Manifolds - Base plate, etc.
0 to +50°C PN 10 (10 bar) 10 – 100 m 2 – 320 m3/h 0.55 to 18.5 kW 2 to 4 CR pumps Cast iron, Stainless Steel Galvanized iron Stainless Steel
C None M P F 2.5
Easy installation No need for motor protection Wide product range Wide application range
Hydro 1000 H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier End user: More pumps, supply security Long lifetime Q[m3/h]
4. Pressure Boosting Overview H 2000
T D Temperature Max. pressure Boost Pressure Flow range Power range Number of pumps Materials : - Pump - Manifolds - Base plate, etc.
0 to +70°C PN 16 (16 bar) 10 – 160 m 2 – 720 m3/h 0.55 to 30 kW 2 to 6 CR(E) pumps Cast iron, Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel
C Alarm and operating relay Start / Stop input Anlog input for set point GENIbus
Easy installation Constant pressure Speed controlled pumps No need for motor protection Wide product range Wide application range
2.6
Hydro 2000
M P F H[m]
M C B Installer: Easy installation and commissioning Only one supplier End user: More pumps, supply security Constant supply pressure Long lifetime
Q[m3/h]
4. Pressure Boosting Overview H 2000 S E
T D Temperature Max. pressure Boost Pressure Flow range Power range Number of pumps Materials : - Pump - Discharge pipe - Base plate, etc.
0 to +70°C PN 16 (16 bar) 10 – 130 m 2 – 20 m3/h 0.55 to 5.5 kW One CRE pump Cast iron, Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel
C
2.7
Signalling relay Start / Stop input Anlog input for set point GENIbus R100, IR remote controller Hydro 2000 Solo E
M P F
H[m]
Easy installation Constant pressure Speed controlled pump No need for motor protection Compact solution Wide application range M C B Installer: Easy installation and commissioning Only one supplier End user: Constant supply pressure Long lifetime
Q[m3/h]
4. Pressure Boosting Application description D
F The water supply to a building have to be reliable and comfortable. To fulfil this requirement a pressure boosting system is very recommendable. A complete pressure boosting system will automatically compensate for the variations in the pre pressure from the water mains and the variations in consumption and by varying performance – ensure that the supply pressure to the building is constant. We recommend the speed controlled Hydro 2000 ME pressure boosting systems, which can give a constant pressure to the building and at the same time ensures optimum operation costs and supply security. If system cost is very important, the lower cost systems Hydro 1000 can be selected. If standby pump capacity is not required, the Hydro 2000 Solo E solution can be recommended.
Hydro 2000
Water mains p
To the building
Hydro 2000 Solo E Water mains To the building
p
Max. flow demand m3/h
System type
2 – 720
Hydro 2000
2 – 10 Standby pump not required
Hydro 2000 Solo E
2 – 320 Variations in pressure can be accepted
Hydro 1000 + pressure tank
No standby pump!
Hydro 1000
Water mains To the building
Pressure variations! Tank required!
2.8
D
4. Pressure Boosting Application description D
D Use the Consumption Profile as the basis for selecting the optimum system. The number of pumps and the size of these shall fit to profile. Use the Grundfos pump selection tool “WinCAPS” for selection of the right system.
45 40 35
Flow m3/h
T
Consumption profile 50
30 25 20 15
I Grundfos pressure boosting systems are easy to install. Connect the unit to mains supply and the piping, prime the system and we are ready to go. It is recommendable to install a water shortage detection on the suction side the booster. By direct boosting systems a pressure switch can be used – in case of a break tank system, a level switch in the tank will be the best solution.
10 5 0 0
Flow Q
6
12
Time
18
24
Tank volume (litre)
m3/h
Hydre 1000 Hydre 2000 MS
ME or MF
2
33
8
4
50
18
8
120
24
16
385
120
32
770
180
45
1084
280
64
1541
343
90
2167
483
2.9
Hydro 1000 and Hydro 2000 MS systems are operating as on/off systems without any speed control. Therefore these systems always requires a pressure tank on the discharge side of the booster. For other systems like Hydro 2000 ME and Hydro 2000 MF a pressure tank is recommended if the flow can go down to, or close to zero. In these cases a small diaphragm tank will give the system a must better performance. The dimensioning of the tank can be seen from the table. The tank volume is in litre and is depending of the size of the pumps going into the booster. If the booster as an example is a Hydro 2000 ME 3xCRE8-60, the nominal flow of one of the pumps are 8 m3/h resulting in a 24 litre tank. Hydro 2000 ME Solo E are delivered with a tank as standard.
4. Pressure Boosting How to select P
Quick guide for selecting pressure boosting system Step 1: Define the maximum flow requirement ex. 27 m3/h Step 2: Define the consumption profile Step 3: Define the system layout ex. direct boosting from mains, system split in zones Step 4: Define the required pressure ex. 10.5 bar Step 5: Find the exact pressure boosting system ex. Hydro 2000 2xCRE8-100 Step 6: Consider accessories ex. Diaphragm tank
S 1: D The required total consumption and maximum flow requirement depends on the application in question. There is a big difference in the requirement from e.g. a pressure boosting system in a block of flats compared to a system in a hotel. The table below gives some dimensioning values.
Unit
Qyear m3 per year
Consump. period d days/year
Qday m3/day
fd
Q(m)day m3/day
ft
Max. Flow m3/h
Residence buildings
Residence (2.5 pers.)
183
365
0.5
1.3
0.65
1.7
0.046
Office building
Employee
25
250
0.1
1.2
0.12
3.6
0.018
Shopping centre
Employee
25
300
0.08
1.2
0.1
4.3
0.018
Super market
Employee
80
300
0.27
1.5
0.4
3.0
0.05
Hotel
Bed
180
365
0.5
1,5
0.75
4.0
0.125
Hospital
Bed
300
365
0.8
1.2
1.0
3.0
0.12
School
Pupil
8
200
0.04
1.3
0.065
2.5
0.007
According DS439, DS442
2 . 10
Consumer
4. Pressure Boosting How to select P
S 1: D , Example: Hotel with 540 beds. Number of beds: n Total annual consumption: Qyear x n Consumption period: d Average consumption per day: (Qyear x n)/d Year maximum consumption: Q(m)day = fd x Qday Absolut peak flow: Q(max) = ft x Q(m)day/24
Calculation: n = 540 beds Qyear x n = 180 x 540 = 97200 m3/year d = 365 days/year => (Qyear x n)/d = 97200 / 365 = 266.3 m3/day fd x Qday = 1.5 x 266.3 = 399.4 m3/day ft x Q(m)day/24 = 1.5 x 399.4/24 = 66.6 m3/h
S 2: D
70
Flow m3/h
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
6
12
18
24
18
24
Time
Load Profile 70 60 50
Flow m3/h
The consumption profile is imported information in the selection process as the profile has a high influence of the choice of booster system type and the number of pumps which the system consists of. See step 5. Based on the consumption profile a Load Profile can be made. From this we can see how many hours per day a certain flow is required.
Consumption profile
2 . 11
The consumption profile is the information about the change in flow during one day or season. In a hotel the water demand will fluctuate a lot during the day. In the morning, where most of the guest are taking a shower and all the service facilities, such as cleaning, cocking and washing starts up, we will have the highest demand for water supply during the day. Also about dinner time we will see a peak in the demand. A typical consumption file for the hotel example above, looks like this:
40 30 20 10 0 0
6
12 Hours per day
4. Pressure Boosting How to select P
S 3: D The system layout have to be considered before the booster system can be selected. Direct boosting – or break tank The connection to the water supply mains can either be directly or via a break tank. If direct connection is allow this will be recommendable. The pressure requirement to a pressure boosting system with direct connection will be be less than systems with break tank, as the system then can use the water supply mains pressure as a pre-pressure. Depending of area the water supply mains pressure typically will be in the range 1.5 – 4.0 bar.
Roof tank systems In some areas roof tank systems are required. The reason is to ensure water supply for a certain period also if the elctrical power supply disappears.
Water mains
To building Booster system
Break tank system Water mains
To building Booster
2 . 12
Break tanks are often required in areas where: the piping in the mains are week and can’t stand pressure surges caused by pumps starting and stopping. local requirements where sucking from the water mains isn’t allowed
Direct Boosting
Roof tank
The transfer pump can pump from a break tank or direct from supply mains. Water supply (pressure) to the building is obtained by a Booster System, boosting down to the 3-4 upper floors. The rest of the building is supplied by gravity. Water mains
Transfer pump
4. Pressure Boosting How to select P
S 3: D , Zones In high rise buildings is it necessary to split the water supply system up in zones to ensure: that the pressure from one floor to an other doesn’t vary too much. Min. pressure upper floor in each zone should not be lower than 1.5-2 bar Max. pressure in lowest floor in each zone should not be higher than 4-4.5 bar
Zone 3
System layout can be with : 1. All booster systems in basement. Boosting up in the building (see figure). 2. Cascade booster system layout. One booster in the basement supplies all the water up to zone 1, where a second booster will boost up to zone 2, etc. 3. In combination with roof tank. A booster on the roof top are boosting down to the 3-4 upper floors. The rest of the building is supplied by gravity.
Zone 2
2 . 13
Zone 1
Zone Zone 22
Zone Zone 33
Zone Zone11
4. Pressure Boosting How to select P
S 4: D The required pressure pset from the pressure boosting system can be calculated from the following formulas :
p tap (min)
p = p p p p set tap(min) + f + hmax/10.2 ; boost = set – p in(min)
p
set
p p
tap(min) f
hmax p p
in(min) boost
Example : p tap(min) p f
hmax p in(min) p set p boost
= 2 bar = 1.2 bar = 41.5 m = 2 bar = 2 + 1.2 + 41.5/10.2 = 7.3 bar = 7.3 – 2 = 5.3 bar
If the water supply system consists of more zones the calculation have to be done for each zone.
p f
hmax
p in (min) p boost p set
2 . 14
: the required outlet pressure from the booster : the required min pressure at the highest tapping point in the zone : the total pipe friction loos in the piping from booster to zone : the height from the booster outlet to the highest tapping point : the minimum inlet pressure to the booster : the required boost from the pressure boosting system
4. Pressure Boosting How to select P
S 5: F Why choose a pressure boosting system? There are three main reasons why a customer should choose a booster system instead of just a single pump in his installation: 1. One pump is not sufficient to cover the flow demand. 2. Reserve pump capacity is required. 3. Better adaptability to variations in consumption. Which type of booster system is preferable? Grundfos offers five different main variants within the Hydro 2000 product family. The different systems and there main features can be seen from the below table. For most applications we will recommend the speed controlled solution based on the Grundfos CREpumps.
ME – system All pumps are CRE-pumps Constant pressure. Speed control available also if one pump fails.
MEH – Z system Two pumps are CRE-pumps. Remaining pumps are fixed speed CR-pumps. Constant pressure. If one CRE-pump fails the pressure control is limited.
MF – system All pumps are CR-pumps. One of these are speed controlled by a frequency converter. Constant pressure. If the frequency converter fails, the pressure control will be like a MS system MS – system All pumps fixed speed CR-pumps. Pressure constant within a band. Requires a large diaphragm tank.
2 . 15
MES – system One CRE-pump. Remaining pumps are fixed speed CR-pumps. Constant pressure. If the CRE-pump fails, the pressure control will be like a MS system.
4. Pressure Boosting How to select P
S 5: F , Using WinCAPS for selecting the right pressure boosting system. The pump selection tool WinCAPS will be the perfect tool for finding the best solution to a booster application. Give in the dimensioning values : Maximum flow required Required pressure Inlet pressure Load profile and ask for dimensioning and WinCAPS will select a number of systems, sorted according to annual energy consumption.
2 . 16
Example: Values described on the pervious pages are used as an dimensioning example.
5. Wastewater
Overview • Systems/products • Product description
System description • • • •
Drainage Surface rain water Drainage water Emptying of tanks & pools water from fire fighting • Effluent/sewage from basement • Transfer of sewage
How to select • Transfer of sewage
5. Wastewater Overview S/
Wastewater from rooms and facilities
Drainage Emptying of tanks & pools
Surface rain water Drainage water Sewage outlet
Lift shaft Drainage/effluent inlet
Water from fire fighting
Drainage of boiler room Sewage inlet Inlet from toilet in restaurant/lobby
Water from laundry
Transfer of sewage
Water from fire Fighting
X
X
X
AP
X
X
X
X
X
Sololift
X X
Liftaway Multilift station
X X
X
X
X
X
Transfer of Sewage
Emptying of Tanks & Pools
X
Effluent/Sewage from Basement
Emergency use
X
Product Type
Laundry
Drainage Water
KP
System Type
X
X X
SEG (Grinder pump)
X
S pump (SuperVortex impeller)
X
S pump (channel impeller)
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
5.1
Surface Rain Water
Effluent/sewage from basement
5. Wastewater Overview P / C
Used in connection with
LC/LCD107
Complete control panel with level bells, for max 2 pumps
KP/AP SEG Grundfos S pumps
LC/LCD108
Complete control panel with level switches, for max 2 pumps
KP/AP SEG Grundfos S pumps
Max. kW pump size
11 kW DOL
11 kW DOL 30 kW Y/D
5.2
Functionality
5. Wastewater Overview P
Wastewater Product Range Survey curve 50 Hz
H[m] Grundfos S Pump SuperVortex impeller SEG Grinder
5.3
Grundfos S Pump, channel impeller
AP
KP Lifting Stations/ Sololift
Q[m³/h]
5. Wastewater Overview F / B
Features
Benefits
S
S
Wide product range
Only one supplyer
Wide system range
Easy selection
Support tools
Safe selection
I
I Easy to install
Flexible installation
Meets all you requirements
O
O
Intelligent design
Easy to service
Low noise level
High comfort
High quality materials
Non clogging
High efficiency
Long working life Energy saving Low operation cost – saves money
5.4
Compact design
5. Wastewater Overview G KP S 150-250-350
A • Drainage of cellars and buildings after flooding • Pumping of washing maschines wastewater • Pumping in drainage pits • Emptying of pools, ponds and fountains • Emptying of tanks and wessels • Dewatering of small construction sites • In dairies and breweries • In the proces industry T D +50°C / 70°C 4 l/s / 9 m 1x 220-240/3x380-415 V 0.15 kW to 0.35 kW 2900 rpm Rp 1 1⁄4 5.5 – 7.5 kg Stainless steel 10 mm
M P F • Compact design • Easy dismantling for service & cleaning • Very low noise level • High quality material • High efficiency • Partly submerged operation • Flexible installation • Socket for replaceable cable M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Reliable pumping • Easy maintenance • Long lifetime • High comfort
H [m] 8
5.5
Max. liquid temp.: Max Flow/Max Head: Power supply: Power range: Speed: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Free pass:
6
4
2
0 0
1
2
3
4
Q[l/s]
5. Wastewater Overview G AP12 S
A • Groundwater lowering • Pumping in drainage pits • Pumping away from collecting wells, e.g. water from roof gutters, shafts and tunnels • Emptying of tanks, ponds, pools and vessels • Pumping of rainwater and surface water T D Max. liquid temp.: Flow/Head: Power range (kW): Power supply: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Frees pass:
+55°C / 70°C Max 10 l/s / Max 16 m 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.1 kW 1x 230/3x230/400 V 2 pole motor Rp 11⁄2 - 2 9.7 - 18.2 kg Stainless steel 12 mm
Compact design Easy dismantling for service & cleaning Very low noise level Made exclusively from stainless steel High efficiency Flexible installation Socket for replaceable cable Partly submerged operation M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Reliable pumping • Easy maintenance • Long lifetime • High comfort
16
5.6
M P F
H [m]
12
8
4
0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Q[m³/h]
5. Wastewater Overview G AP35 S (S )
A • Groundwater lowering • Pumping in drainage pits • Pumping away from collecting wells, e.g. water from roof gutters, shafts and tunnels • Emptying of tanks, ponds, pools and vessels • Pumping of fibre-containing effluent • Pumping of domestic effluent from septic tanks • Pumping of domestic effluent without discharge from water closets T D +55°C / 70°C Max. 6 l/s / Max. 11 m 1 x 230 / 3 x 230/400 V 0.6 kW to 0.8 kW 2 poles 11⁄2 Rp 11 – 14.7 kg Stainless steel 35 mm
H [m] 12 5.7
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Free pass:
8
M P F • Compact design • Easy dismantling for service & cleaning • Very low noise level • Made exclusively from stainless steel • High efficiency • Flexible installation • Socket for replaceable cable • Partly submerged operation • Vortex impeller M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Reliable pumping • Easy maintenance • Long lifetime • High comfort • Minimized wearing & clogging
4
0 0
5
10
15
20
25
Q[m³/h]
5. Wastewater Overview G AP50 S (S )
A • Groundwater lowering • Pumping in drainage pits • Pumping away from collecting wells, e.g. water from roof gutters, shafts and tunnels • Emptying of tanks, ponds, pools and vessels • Pumping of fibre-containing effluent • Pumping of domestic effluent from septic tanks • Pumping of domestic effluent with or without discharge from water closets T D + 55°C / 70°C Max. 9.5 l/s / Max. 12 m 1 x 230 / 3 x 230 / 400 V 0.8 kW to 1.1 kW 2 poles 2 Rp 14.2 – 17.9 kg Stainless steel 50 mm
M P F Compact design Easy dismantling for service & cleaning Very low noise level Made exclusively from stainless steel High efficiency Flexible installation Socket for replaceable cable Partly submerged operation Vortex impeller M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Reliable pumping • Easy maintenance • Long lifetime • High comfort • Minimized wearing & clogging
H [m] 12
5.8
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Free pass:
8
4
0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Q[m³/h]
5. Wastewater Overview G AP35B - T BASIC S
A • Groundwater lowering • Pumping in drainage pits • Pumping away from collecting wells, e.g. water from roof gutters, shafts and tunnels • Emptying of tanks, ponds, pools and vessels • Pumping of fibre-containing effluent • Pumping of domestic effluent from septic tanks • Pumping of domestic effluent without discharge from water closets T D + 40°C Max. 5.8 l/s / Max. 12.5 m 1 x 230 / 3 x 230 / 400 V 0.6 kW to 0.8 kW 2 poles 2 Rp 7.4 – 10 kg Stainless steel 35 mm
H [m]
5.9
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Free pass: M P F
Compact design Easy dismantling for service & cleaning Very low noise level Made exclusively from stainless steel High efficiency Flexible installation Vortex impeller Optimized hydralic performance M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Reliable pumping • Easy maintenance • Long lifetime • High comfort • Minimized wearing & clogging
Q[l/s]
5. Wastewater Overview G AP50B - T BASIC S
A • Groundwater lowering • Pumping in drainage pits • Pumping away from collecting wells, e.g. water from roof gutters, shafts and tunnels • Emptying of tanks, ponds, pools and vessels • Pumping of fibre-containing effluent • Pumping of domestic effluent from septic tanks • Pumping of domestic effluent with or without discharge from water closets T D + 40°C Max. 9 l/s / Max. 18 m 1 x 230 / 3 x 230 / 400 V 0.8 kW to 1.5 kW 2 poles 2 Rp 8.4 – 10.2 kg Stainless steel 50 mm
H [m] 18
16 5 . 10
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Free pass:
14 12 10 8
M P F Compact design Easy dismantling for service & cleaning Very low noise level Made exclusively from stainless steel High efficiency Flexible installation Vortex impeller Optimized hydralic performance M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Reliable pumping • Easy maintenance • Long lifetime • High comfort • Minimized wearing & clogging
6 4 2 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q[l/s]
5. Wastewater Overview G LIFTAWAY B S
A • Draining pit for collection of drainage and surface water • For the collection and pumping of wastewater from basements and laundry rooms below sewer level • Installation in basements, sculleries, garages etc. • Suited for KP and AP12 pumps. T D + 50°C / 70°C Max 6.3 l/s / Max. 14 m 1 x 220-240 / 3 x 380-415 V 0.15 kW to 0.8 kW 3 x DN 100 R 1 1⁄4” R 1 1⁄2” 14.7 kg (without pump) Polyethylene 40 L
M P F Hight-adjustable-manhole Top cover with strainer and waterseal Turnable for individual positioning Complete system tested with KP/AP pumps Separate connection for venting and cable Built-in, rubber-coated stainless steel non-return valve M C B Installer: • Flexible and easy installation • Only one supplier • Easy to start up End user: • Maintenance free • Long lifetime • High comfort
H [m] 14 12 10 8
5 . 11
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Inlet dimension: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Effective volume:
6 4 2 0 0
1
2
3
4
Q[l/s]
5. Wastewater Overview G LIFTAWAY C S
A • Small wastewater lifting station for location on floor or wall mounting. • Used for pumping domestic wastewater from washing machines, dish-washers, wash-basins, tubs, etc. • For installations in bathrooms, kitchens, hobby rooms, etc. • Suited for KP pumps. T D + 50°C / 70°C Max 4 l/s / Max. 9 m 1x 220-240 V 0.15 kW to 0.35 kW 3 x DN 40 + 1 x DN 40/50 1 x DN 40 3.2 kg (without pump) ABS 13 L
M P F Complete system tested with KP pumps Built-in, rubber-coated stainless steel non-return valve Neat installation with hidden side inlets Easy to clean smooth surface Discharge port either to the left or to the right Flexible installation by means of 4 inlet ports Effective elimination of smells with carbon filter Wall mounting possible M C B Installer: • Flexible and easy installation • Only one supplier • Easy to start up End user: • Maintenance free • Long lifetime • High comfort
H [m] 8 5 . 12
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Inlet dimension: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Effective volume:
6
4
2
0 0
1
2
3
Q[l/s]
5. Wastewater Overview G MULTILIFT M/MD S
A • Pumping and collecting of wastewater and sewage from private dwellings, blocks of flats, hotels, restaurants, schools or similar types of buildings T D Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Inlet dimension: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Effective volume:
+ 40°C Max 16 l/s / Max. 19 m 1 x 230 / 3 x 230 / 400 V 1.2 kW to 3.2 kW 3 x DN 100 + 1 x DN 150 1 x DN 80/100 36.5 kg – 80 kg. Polyethylene 60 - 100 L
H [m] 20
Complete units ready for installation Gas and odour proof, corrosion-resistant collecting tank Shock and break-proof polyethylene tank Aut. operation by pneumatic level control Double shaft seal system Vortex impeller Corrosion resistant motor housing Prelubricated for life ball bearings M C B Installer: • Flexible and easy installation • Only one supplier • Easy to start up End user: • Maintenance free • Long lifetime • High comfort
18
5 . 13
M P F
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Q[l/s]
5. Wastewater Overview G MULTILIFT APLD S (400L TANK)
A • Pumping and collecting of wastewater and sewage from blocks of flats, hotels, public buildings, restaurants, schools or similar types of buildings T D Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Inlet dimension: Disch. dimension: Materiel: Effective volume:
+ 40°C Max 57 l/s / Max. 17.5 m 3 x 230 / 400 V 2.4 kW to 6.1 kW 3 x DN 150 1 x DN 100 Polyethylene 190 - 450 L
M P F
5 . 14
Complete units ready for installation Gas and odour proof, corrosion-resistant collecting tank Shock and break-proof polyethylene tank Aut. operation by pneumatic level control Double mechanical shaft seal system
H [m] 20 16 12 8
M C B
4
Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier • Easy to start up End user: • Maintenance free • Long lifetime • High comfort
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
Q[l/s]
5. Wastewater Overview G
A • Grundfos produces standard and tailor made pumping stations, designed for various installations. The standard models deals with percolation, pumping of ground water, transportation of effluent and sewage. • They are used for pumping wastewater from many different types of buildings, e.g. factories, schools, farms, villas etc. to a wastewater treatment plant. T D Materiel:
M P F Polyethylene: Concrete: Fiberglas:
Long life time in aggresive liquids, easy to install, delivered as a complete unit. Standard product. Long life time in aggresive liquids, easy to install, delivered as a complete unit.
M C B Installer: • Easy installation, designed to specific needs • Only one supplier • Easy to start up End user: • Easy maintenance • Long lifetime
5 . 15
Polyethylene, concrete, fiberglas Dimensions (width): 400 mm – 4000 mm Dimensions (length): PE Flex up to 6000 mm Concrete up to 10000 mm Fiberglas up to 10000 mm Pump types (series): KP, AP, SEG, S
5. Wastewater Overview G SEG S
A • Untreated sewage • Sludge containing water • Pressurized pumping systems • Small flow – High head T D Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel: Cutter system:
+ 40°C Max. 5 l/s / Max. 45 m 1 x 230 / 3 x 400 V 0.9 kW - 4 kW 2 poles DN 40 35 – 70 kg Cast iron Stainless steel, hardened
H [m] 40
Compact design Stainless steel clamp Easy dismantling for service, cleaning & adjusting Cartridge shaft seal system Epoxy sealed cable plug Flexible installation New improved cutter system High efficiency M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Flexible handling • Only one supplier End user: • Easy maintenance & service • Long lifetime • High reliability
5 . 16
M P F
30
20
10
0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q[m³/h]
5. Wastewater Overview G S S ( )
A • Pumping of untreated sewage from public buildings, blocks of flats, restaurants, hotels etc. • Pumping of sludge containing water from factories, industries and sewage treatment plants. • Pumping of wastewater from carwash areas, car parks and garages. • Pumping of large quantities of surface and ground water T D + 40°C Max 210 l/s / Max. 62m 3 x 400 - 415 V 1.7 kW to 21 kW 2 or 4 poles DN 100 – DN 250 110 kg – 480 kg Cast iron
M P F Non clogging channel impellers for superior solids handling Auto cleaning impeller SmartTrim System of impeller clearence High efficiency Double mechanical shaft seal system SmartSeal system Motor overheating system Build in moisture sensor M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Easy maintenance & service • Life long reliability • Low life cycle cost
H [m] 60 40 30 20
5 . 17
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel:
10 8 6 4 3 2 2
4 8
10
20
40 80 100 200 400 800
Q[m³/h]
5. Wastewater Overview G SV S (SV S)
A • Pumping of untreated sewage from public buildings, blocks of flats, restaurants, hotels etc. • Pumping of sludge containing water from factories, industries and sewage treatment plants. • Pumping of wastewater from carwash areas, car parks and garages. • Pumping of large quantities of wastewater containing long rags or fiber material. T D + 40°C Max 45 l/s / Max. 57 m 3 x 400 - 415 V 1.65 kW to 21 kW 2 or 4 poles DN 80 – DN 100 60 kg – 248 kg Cast iron
H [m]
5 . 18
Max. liquid temp.: Flow / Head: Power supply: Power range: Number of poles: Disch. dimension: Weight Materiel:
60
40
M P F SuperVortex impellers for superior solids handling and abrasive liquids Unlimited performance possibilities Double mechanical shaft seal system SmartSeal system Motor overheating system Build in moisture sensor
30 20
10 8 6 4 3 2
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier End user: • Easy maintenance & service • Life long reliability • Low life cycle cost
2
4
8
10
20
40 80 100
200
Q[m³/h]
5. Wastewater Overview G LC107/LCD107 S
A • Control of 1 or 2 pumps based on signals from bell-shaped level pickups • Control of liquid levels, either in filling or emptying purposes. • Wastewater/sewage installations in public buildings, blocks and flats, factories, carparks, hotels, etc. • Groundwater installations T D Max. ambient temp.: Power supply: Power range: Weight
+50°C 1 x 230 / 3 x 400 V 0.3 kW to 11 kW 3 kg – 3.6 kg
M P F
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier • Easy to start up End user: • Reliable monitoring and control. • Increased pump lifetime • High comfort
5 . 19
Automatic alternation (LCD only) Automatic test run Selection of automatic alarm resetting Selection of automatic restarting Indication of liquid levels Different alarm indications Build in motor protection relay User-settable stop delay of up to 180 sec.
5. Wastewater Overview G LC108/LCD108 S
A • Control of 1 or 2 pumps based on signals from level switches, electrodes or a switch in the pipes. • Control of liquid levels, either in filling or emptying purposes. • Wastewater/sewage installations in public buildings, blocks and flats, factories, carparks, hotels, etc. • Groundwater installations T D Max. ambient temp.: Power supply: Power range: Weight
+50°C 1 x 230 / 3 x 400 V 0.3 kW to 11 kW 3 kg – 3.6 kg
M P F
M C B Installer: • Easy installation • Only one supplier • Easy to start up End user: • Reliable monitoring and control. • Increased pump lifetime • High comfort
5 . 20
Automatic alternation (LCD only) Automatic test run Selection of automatic alarm resetting Selection of automatic restarting Indication of liquid levels Different alarm indications Build in motor protection relay User-settable stop delay of up to 180 sec
5. Wastewater System description S
F The pumps are typically used for drainage and pumping surface rain water from catchment areas of the buildings. The amount of effluent collected depends on both the vertical area of the building as well as the roof and gravel area surrounding the building incl. parking areas and gardens. As portable pumps the stainless steel KP and AP pumps are suitable for emergency use also. D Pump type
0 - 14
KP (only for emergency use)
0 - 34
AP
7 - 155
S Pumps, SuperVortex impeller
30 - 800
Pumps, Channel impeller
In rain water systems the min. free passage for the pump must not be less than 25 – 30 mm. Pump failure in rain water systems will normally cause heavy expenses for considerable cleaning and disinfection before drying-out can take place. Therefore we recommend 100% spare capacity in the system. I Common to all the variants in the Grundfos pump range is their easy-to-install design. The KP and AP pump range is ideal for permanent installation i pump pits and allows for a very flexible installation. With a flow switch connected, the pump can be used for automatic operation. For larger quantities of surface water the range of Grundfos S Pumps can meet virtually all systems in and around buildings.
Increased clogging risk
Vortex impeller
30
Single-channel impeller 5 . 21
Flow per Pump m³/h
40
50
60
70
Free passage [mm]
5. Wastewater System description D
F When installed permanently in a pump pit, the pumps are typically used for drainage and pumping effluent from cellars, air handling units, boiler rooms, elevator shafts or other situations where water is unwanted in and around buildings. D Pump type
0 - 14
KP
0 - 34
AP
7 - 155
S Pumps, SuperVortex impeller
30 - 800
Pumps, Channel impeller
Increased clogging risk
Semi-open multi-vane impeller
In drainage systems the min. free passage for the pump must not be less than 5 -10 mm. I The KP and AP pump range is ideal for permanent installation in the Liftaway B pump pits and allows for a very fast and flexible installation. With a flow switch connected, the pump can be used for automatic operation. For larger quantities of drainage water the range of Grundfos S Pumps can meet virtually all systems in and around buildings. The most common used installation is submerged in a pumping station, where the pump is lowered into position on guide rails, and it automatically connects with the discharge pipe system. To prevent backflow, a non-return valve is normally installed in connection with the system.
4
8
12
20 16 Free passage [mm]
5 . 22
Flow per Pump m³/h
5. Wastewater System description E W
F For emptying of tanks, ponds and pools the lightweight stainless steel range of KP and AP pumps is very easy to handle and install either as a portable pump or permanent in a pit. In order to handle the water from the fire fighting equipment installed in the building, you will normally find a number of smaller pump pits in underground car parks and basements. D Pump type
0 - 14
KP
0 - 34
AP
Emptying of tanks & pools
Sewage outlet
In the systems the min. free passage for the pump must not be less than 10 mm. As a portable pump the robustness of the stainless steel guaranties a reliable operation I The vertical discharge port at the top of the KP and AP pump allows for quick installation. The pump range is ideal for permanent installation and allows for vertical, horizontal or even inclined installation. With a flow switch connected, the pump can be used for automatic operation. To prevent backflow, a non-return valve is normally installed in connection with the system.
Drainage/effluent inlet
5 . 23
Flow per Pump m³/h
5. Wastewater System description L
F Pumping fibre-containing effluent from laundries requires the right choice of pumps in order to avoid clogging. Therefore we recommend the use of the Grundfos AP or the SuperVortex for larger quantities of effluent. A grinder type of pump should also be considered to ensure a better flow in your system.
Drainage/effluent inlet
Sewage outlet
Water from laundry
D Flow per Pump m³/h
Pump type
0 - 34
AP
7 - 155
S Pumps, SuperVortex impeller
I Common to all the variants in the Grundfos pump range is their easy-to-install design. The recommended pump range is ideal for permanent installation in pump pits in connection with the laundry. With a flow switch connected, the pump can be used for automatic operation. To prevent backflow, a non-return valve is normally installed in connection with the system.
5 . 24
In laundry systems the selection of pumps should reflect the higher temperature of the water.
5. Wastewater System description E/
F Multilifts are complete ready-to-install units. They are designed for collecting and pumping sewage and effluent from discharge levels below the sewer line, e.g. in multi-family houses, restaurants, bars, and in public buildings. The Multilifts lift the wastewater so that it can be led to the sewage system. D Flow per Pump m³/h
Pump type
up to 4
Sololift
up to 180
Multilift
5 . 25
In systems handling sewage the min. free passage for the pump must not be less than 70 mm. In case this is not possible because of existing pipe systems, a grinder type of pump should be considered. The Sololift is designed to handle discharge from only a single toilet/bathroom.
Q
0
6
18
24
Time of day
Typical discharge pattern (sewage)
I The Multilifts are supplied as complete units consisting of a collection tank, pump(s) and a level controller ready for installation. The Multilifts include flexible connections and clamps for up to DN100 pipe and air-vent connections. To prevent backflow, a non-return valve is normally installed in connection with the system.
12
34 6
10 15 20 30
connected flats
4
7
0
1
2
3
0
2
4
6 8
5
6
8
Tank inlet flow (l/s) 9 10 11
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Q [l/s]
Pump capacity
5. Wastewater System description T .
F Pumping stations are designed for collecting and pumping sewage and effluent from discharge levels below the sewer line. The SuperVortex is specially designed to handle unscreened sewage and its performance is superior in situations where small volumes of flow are pumped against high heads. The range of Grundfos Sarlin Pumps is used for pumping sewage, wastewater and considerable quantities of surface water and ground water. D Flow per Pump m³/h
Pump type
Max solid handling
up to 180
Multilifts
50 mm
7 - 155
S Pumps, SuperVortex
100 mm
30 - 864
Grundfos Sarlin Pumps
100 mm
Pump
I For larger quantities of wastewater the most common used installation is submerged in a pumping station, where the pump is lowered into position on guide rails, and it automatically connects with the discharge pipe system. If space is available, the pumps can also be installed either vertically or horizontally, in dry rooms. Sewage pumps in common systems are frequently operated in parallel to enhance output.
5 . 26
Pump failures in a sewage system may additionally result in evacuation and rehousing of people, due to contamination. Therefore we recommend always to have 100% spare capacity in the system.
Sewage outlet
Drainage/effluent inlet
Sewage inlet
Increased clogging risk
Single-channel impeller Vortex impeller
40
60
80
1 00
1 20
Free passage [mm]
5. Wastewater How to select T .
Q Step 1: Define total inflow Step 2: Define geodetic head
Head [m]
Max. duty point
Required head
System characteristics
Step 3: Define discharge pipe sizes Step 4: Define losses in the piping system Flow required
Step 5: Define total head and duty point of the pump Step 6: Find the exact pump in the data booklet/ Selection of CD-Roms
The information provided for the various pumps in the quick selection guide is, although accurate enough for most project work, by necessity condensed, and should be used for preliminary pump selection only. Final pump selection should be confirmed using individual pump data sheets available from the manufacturer. When the pumps is selected, it is important to select a pump, where the duty point is as close as possible to the max efficiency point. Note: Local authorities often have different regulations as to layout and dimensioning of pump systems.
H Pump curve
System characteristics η curve
Q
5 . 27
Pump selection is always based on the duty requirements. The wide range of pumps available offers a standard pump to meet most specifications.
Flow [m³/h]
5. Wastewater How to select T .
S 1: D Calculation of the capacity of the pump system depends very much on inflow and variations of this, which should be carefully estimated. The pumps should always be dimensioned according to worst case.
m² 100,000 90,000 80,000
60,000
Inflow typically consists of one or more of the following types of water:
50,000 40,000
Sandy soil
30,000
• Drainage and infiltration water • Rainwater • Wastewater C
Clay soil
20,000 10,000 0 0
20
40
60
80
100
Inflow zone: 2 x 10 m
Drain pipes
Inflow zone: 2 x 30 m 120
140
160
180
200
Qd,r [m³/h]
+ Qd,r [m³/h]
Rated inflow in common systems The rated discharge (Qr) in common systems is calculated like this:
300 280 260 240 220
5 . 28
Wind
200 180
Qr = Qs,r + Qr,r + Qd,r (l/s), where Qd,r = the rated amount of drainage water (l/s) Qr,r = the rated amount of rainwater (l/s) Qs,r = the rated amount of wastewater (l/s)
160 140
Precipitation in mountainous areas: 230 l/s/ha (rainwater only)
120 100 80 60 40
R
Precipitation in flat areas: 140 l/s/ha (rainwater only)
20 0 0
400
800
The rated discharge flow in separate systems is calculated like this: Qr = Qs,r in wastewater pipes (l/s)
1200
1600
2000
m²
+ Qd,r [m³/h] 200
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Beds
180
Qr = Qr,r + Qd,r in rainwater pipes (l/s)
160
Hospitals and Hotels
140 120
When dimensioning pipes transporting both pumped and unpumped water, the probability of simultaneously occurring peak water flows must be taken into consideration. Because of this it may be necessary to minimize the rated discharge flow by increasing the accumulation capacity in the pump sump.
100 10
80
1000
600
2000
60
Employees
Office buildings
40
Blocks of flats
DN 100 20 0
DN 80 DN 65 DN 50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Please see the following figures
200
Dwelling units
5. Wastewater How to select T .
Drainage Water
m2
100,000 90,000 80,000 5 . 29
60,000 50,000 40,000 Sandy soil
30,000
Clay soil
20,000 10,000
Inflow zone: 2 x 30 m
0 0
20
40
60
80
100
Inflow zone: 2 x 10 m
Drain pipes
120
140
160
180
200
Qd,r [m³/h]
5. Wastewater How to select T .
Rainwater
Qd,r [m³/h]
300 280 260 240 220 5 . 30
Wind
200 180 160 140 120
Precipitation in mountainous areas: 230 l/s/ha (rainwater only)
100 80 60
Precipitation in flat areas: 140 l/s/ha (rainwater only)
40 20 0 0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
m²
5. Wastewater How to select T .
Wastewater
Qs,r [m³/h]
200
Beds
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
180 160 140
5 . 31
Hospitals and Hotels
120 100 10
80
1000
600
2000
60
Employees
Office buildings
40 Blocks of flats
DN 100 20 0
DN 80 DN 65 DN 50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Dwelling units
5. Wastewater How to select T .
1) D The rated amount of drainage water is usually small and is often estimated. In case of porous soil in the surroundings and drainage under the groundwater level, the rated amount of drainage water should be based on a hydrogeological test
m² 100,000 90,000 80,000
60,000
Ex. There are 835 m drainage pipes in sandy soil, which covers an area of 50,000 m². This gives a rated drainage flow (Qd,r) of 27 m³/h
50,000 40,000 30,000
Sandy soil Clay soil
20,000 10,000
2) R
0
20
40
60
80
100
Inflow zone: 2 x 10 m
Drain pipes
Inflow zone: 2 x 30 m
0
120
140
160
180
200
Qd,r [m³/h]
The rated rainwater flow is calculated like this: Qr,r = i x j x A, where
The calculation of rain intensity is based on consideration of the consequences of flooding. The discharge coefficient is a measure of the rainwater runoff from the catchment area. The coefficient varies with the type of surface. The catchment area is calculated as the sum of: a) Horizontal areas b) Horizontal projection of sloping surfaces c) 1/3 of vertical surfaces hit by heavy showers, i.e. normally the surface pointing towards the prevailing wind direction. The average discharge coefficient must normally not exceed the one stipulated by the authorities for the in-stallation in question. If it does, a delay basin or some-thing similar should be established in agreement with the authorities.
Discharge coefficients Guidelines for calculating discharge coefficients
5 . 32
i = the rated rain intensity (l/s/m²) A = catchment area in m² (horizontal projection) ϕ = discharge coefficient
Surface Discharge coefficient
(ϕ)
Roofs and impermeable surfaces, e.g. bitumen, concrete or surfaces with tight joints
1.0
Surfaces with joints of gravel and grass Gravel
0.8 0.6
Garden areas and similar places 0.1
5. Wastewater How to select T .
3) W The rated wastewater flow is based on the assumed wastewater flows qs,a from the individual installations, taking the probability of simultaneous discharge into consideration.
Assumed wastewater flow (qs,a) Installations
qs,a flow (l/s)
3.1 Assumed wastewater flow (qs,a)
Bathtub Bidet Shower Floor drain in buildings Wash basin Kitchen sink, single or double Kitchen sink, single or double (industry) Urinal
0.9 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.3
The assumed wastewater flow is the inflow to the discharge system from an installation, floor outlet or the like during normal use. 3.2 Rated wastewater flow (Qs,r) The rated wastewater flow is based on the size of the discharge installation, defined as • coupling pipes which only transport discharge from one installation or one rainwater inlet
• connecting pipes where the assumed wastewater flow is >12 l/s.
1.2 0.3 per stand (max 1.8) 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 per meter or 0.3 per tap point
WC with cistern or flushing valve (6–9 l per flush)
1.8
Qd,r [m³/h] 200
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Beds
180 160
Hospitals and Hotels
140 120 100 10
80
1000
600
2000
60
Office buildings
40
Blocks of flats
DN 100 20 0
Employees
DN 80 DN 65 DN 50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Dwelling units
5 . 33
• connecting pipes where the assumed total wastewater flow is less than 12 l/s. Connecting pipes are pipes which transport discharge from more than one installation and more than one rainwater inlet
Urinal with flushing valve Washing machine (private) Dishwasher Washing trough
0.6
5. Wastewater How to select T .
S D: Hotel with 360 rooms Location Drain around building Soil
540 beds Flat area 180 m piping Clay
65 m
Hotel
C :
25 m
The rated discharge (Qr) in common systems is calculated like this: Qr = Qs,r + Qr,r + Qd,r (l/s), where Qd,r = the rated amount of drainage water (l/s) Qr,r = the rated amount of rainwater (l/s) Qs,r = the rated amount of wastewater (l/s)
Pump pit
m² 100,000
D:
90,000 80,000
Inflow from drainage:
Qd,r = 2 m³/h = 0,5 l/s
In this example the drainage water is led directly into the main sewage pumping station, because it is a common system.
5 . 34
Inflow zone: 180 m. x (2 x 10 m.) = 3600 m²
60,000 50,000 40,000
Sandy soil
30,000
Clay soil
20,000 10,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Inflow zone: 2 x 10 m
Drain pipes
Inflow zone: 2 x 30 m
0
120
140
160
180
200
Qd,r [m³/h]
5. Wastewater How to select T .
R : Calculation of area: Hotel roof area: Vertical area*: Parking area:
65 m
60 m. x 30 m.= 1.800 m² 30 m. x 60m. = 1.800 m² 40 m. x 30 m.= 1.200 m²
Hotel
*) only calculate the vertical area which is in the most common wind direction
25 m
Pump pit
Calculation of flow: Hotel roof area: 1,800 x 1.00 = Vertical area:1.800 x 1/3 x 1.00= Parking area: 1,200 x 1.00=
1,800 m² 600 m² 1,200 m²
Total catchment area:
3,600 m²
Qd,r [m³/h]
300 280 260 240
Inflow from Rainwater: Qr,r = 48 m³/h x 3.6 = 173 m³/h = 48 l/s
220
5 . 35
Wind
200 180 160
In this example the rainwater is led directly into the main sewage pumping station, because it is a common system.
Precipitation in mountainous areas: 230 l/s/ha (rainwater only)
140 120 100 80 60
Precipitation in flat areas: 140 l/s/ha (rainwater only)
40 20 0 0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
m²
S The total amount of Wastewater from the hotel with 540 beds can be estimated from the table beside: Inflow from sewage:
Qs,r = 130 m³/h = 36 l/s
Beds
200
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
180 160
Hotel
140 120
Establishment of the max. flow from the hotel:
100 10
80
Qr = Qs,r + Qr,r + Qd,r (l/s), Qr = 36 + 48 + 0,5 l/s = 84.5 l/s
1000
600
2000
60 40 DN 100 20 0
DN 80 DN 65 DN 50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
5. Wastewater How to select T .
S 2: D The geodetic head is the vertical distance from the average water surface in the pumping station to the outlet of the rising main. This is given by the consultant engineer, and is 6 m S 3: D In a sewage pump system there are internal pipes (inside the pumping station) and external pipes (rising main in the ground)
The velocity can be calculated like this: v = Q/A where v = the velocity in m/s Q = the flow in m3/s A = the internal area of the pipe in m2 In this example this gives us a velocity of: Q = 84.5 l/s = 0.0845 m3/s A = p / 4 x 0.21512 = 0.03634 v = 0.0845 / 0.03634 = 2.33 m/s This velocity is acceptable, and therefore we choose the internal piping and accessories to be DN200 mm.
The rising main is sometimes an existing pipe, and therefore all information is available. But in applications where a new rising main should be established, the pump supplier must recommend the dimension. The recommended velocity in a rising main for sewage should not be less than 0.8 m/s to avoid problems with harmful deposits and not higher than 2 m/s to avoid unnecessarily high pressure losses.
The recommended internal diameter of the rising main can be calculated like this: A = Q/v where A = the internal area of the pipe in m² Q = the flow in m³/s v = the wanted velocity in m/s In this example we have the following information: Q = 84.5 l/s = 0.0845 m³/s A = p / 4 x D2 v = 1.2 m/s This gives us a recommended internal diameter of approx. 300 mm and therefore we choose a 315 mm PVC pipe, which has an internal diameter of 296.6 mm.
5 . 36
The size of internal piping is often chosen to be the same as the size of the pump discharge. We have just calculated that the flow is 84.5 l/s, and from our pump catalogue we see that a typical pump for this flow has a DN200 mm discharge flange. The internal piping are vertical pipes, and for sewage the velocity in vertical pipes should not be less than 1.0 m/s to avoid problems with harmful deposits and not higher than 3 m/s to avoid unnecessarily high pressure losses.
5. Wastewater How to select T .
S 4: D By use of the Sarpump selection programme. Insert total flow: 84.5 l/s Insert static known head: 6 m. As this is a sewage installation we want to have 100% spare capacity. This means 2 alternating pumps, but where 1 pump can manage the duty point. Therefore only 1 pump in series and 1 parallel. We want automatic pump selection, using the input we have. Then choose pipe design. Insert data for internal pipe:
In a standard sewage pumping station the fittings used are as follows. • one gate valve • one non-return valve • one pump stand • one TEE • one gradual expansion • two 90 deg. bends
5 . 37
• DN200 welded steel • Length 5 m. • no. of internal fittings
5. Wastewater How to select T .
Insert data for raising main pipe: • 315 mm. PVC • 400 m length • no. of rising main fittings In the rising main, there will always as a minimum of “fittings” be exit losses. Velocity and friction loss is calculated by the programme, and we see that the friction loss of the pipe system and individual losses give us a total friction head of the pump system of 3.6 m. S 5: D The total head can now ce calculated as follows: Htotal = Hfriction + Hgeodetic
This gives the following duty point for the pump: Q = 84.5 l/s H = 9.6 m S 6: F /S CD-R
Based on the hotel data the following pump is selected: S1-134-BL-1
5 . 38
Htotal = 3.6 m + 6 m = 9.6 m
5. Wastewater How to select T .
PUMP SELECTION AND SYSTEM CALCULATION REPORT Project Reference: Date of printing: Required duty: Total flow rate Static head Total head Number of duty pumps Pump selection: Pump Model Nominal power Pn Pump speed Best pump efficiency
Pump data at calculated duty point: Power Absorbed Pgr Power P Pump efficiency Overall efficiency
84.5 l/sec 6.0 m 9.6 m 1
S1-134-BL1 13.5 kW 1452 rpm 58.5 %
89.3 l/sec 1.5 m 2.1 m 10.0 m
15.0 kW 12.3 kW 71.2 % 58.4 %
Station internal pipe work: Pipe Length (each) 5.0 m Nominal diameter 200.0 mm Internal diameter 215.1 mm Pipe material WELDED STEEL Roughness factor 0.3000 4 COUPLING 0.10 1 GATE VALVE, open 0.20 1 GRADUAL EXPANSION 0.18 2 LONG ELBOW, 90ø 0.30 1 NON-RETURN VALVE 0.90 1 PUMP STAND 0.40 1 TEE, Branch 0.80 Friction loss, total 1.5 m Velocity 2.3 m/s Rising main No. 1 Pipes in parallel Pipe Length (each) Nominal diameter Internal diameter Pipe material Roughness factor Friction loss, total Velocity
5 . 39
Calculated values for each pump: Flow rate Friction losses: • station internal • rising main Total head
DEFAULT 21/03/2001
1 400.0 m 315.0 mm 296.6 mm UPVC 0.2500 2.1 m 1.2 m/s
6. Tool box
Theory Basic pump theory Mixing loops
Heating Basic theory
Life Cycle Cost Calculation Example
Speed Control Control mode Control mode Constant curve Constnat diff. pressuer Proportional pressure (calculated) Proportional pressure (measured) Temperature control Constant Flow Constant pressure
6.1
6. Tool box Theory B
Q H The pump performance curve is shown in the diagram, where Q (flow) is the X axis and H (head) or p (pressure) is the Y axis. Q = m3/H; l/s; m3/s H = mWc; p = kPa
H p
Q-H
Q
E The effect curve is showing P (effect) at the Y axis and Q at the X axis. Qxp η
or P = ρ x g x
QxH η
η = efficiency; ρ = density; g = acceleration due to gravity The P curve can be P1 or P2 depending on the pump type. P = W; kW; HP
6.2
P=
H
P
Q
P
Q
NPSH NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) is an expression for the pressure lost in the pump, and together with the vapour pressure, it is used to calculate the inlet pressure needed at the pump to avoid cavitation. The NPSH curve is showing H (head) at the Y axis and Q at the X axis.
H
H
Q NPSH Q
6. Tool box Theory B
E The curve is showing the η (efficiency) of the pump. The efficiency is measured in %. All pumps have a “best point” (ηmax.), showing where the pump has the highest efficiency. The efficiency of the pump depends on the pump size and the quality of the construction/production. Small pumps have a lower efficiency than large pumps.
H
η
ηmax.
Q
Q
I P1 is the total induced effect to the pump system. P2 is the effect coming from the motor (shaft effect). The difference between P1 and P2 indicates either the efficiency of the motor (ηmot.), or the efficiency of the motor (ηmot.) + the efficiency speed regulation (ηreg.). P3 is the effect induced to the pump. P4 is the hydraulic effect (Q x H). The difference between P3 and P4 indicates the efficiency of the pump (ηpu).
P1
ηreg.
P2 P3 P4
ηpu.
D The duty point is at the intersection between the Q – H curve and the system characteristics.
Duty point
H
Q
6.3
ηmot.
6. Tool box Theory B
S The system characteristics show the pressure lost in the system as a function of the flow. The starting point of the characteristics depends on the type of system. a. b.
H a
In a closed system (circulation of liquid) it will always start at 0.0 (0 flow; 0 head). In an open system (transport of liquid) the starting point depends on Hgeo (geometric lift).
Q
H
b Hgeo Q
S System characteristics in parallel will decrease H. Horizontal addition.
C1 H
C2 H
C1 + C2 H 6.4
C1 C2
S System characteristics in series will increase H. Vertical addition.
H
C1
C1 H
C2
C2 H
C1 + C2
6. Tool box Theory B
S Common for all system characteristics is that there is a connection between Q (flow) and H (head). If Q is decreased to 1⁄2, H will be decreased to 1⁄4 .
H
Q
P Pu1
H
Pu2
H
Pu1+Pu2 H
6.5
Pump in parallel will increase Q. Horizontal addition. For 2 identical pumps the maximum Q will double. Maximum H will be the same. Normally used in pump systems.
Q
Q
Q
Pu1 Pu2
P Pumps in series will increase H. Vertical addition. For 2 identical pumps the maximum H will double. Maximum Q will remain the same. Normally used in multi-stage pumps.
H
Pu1
H
Pu1 Q
Pu2
Pu2 H
Q
Pu1+ Pu2
Q
6. Tool box Theory B
D The driving pump curve shows the total effect of the positive pump curve and the negative system characteristics (Pu – C = X). This is used to give a graphic picture of a hydraulic connection of systems.
Xcurve
H
C Pu
X Pu
C
Q
X
R H
6.6
By changing the revolutions of the pump (n) to a lower or higher speed, the pump curve will also change. n = 1.25 n = 1.0 n = 0.75 n = 0.5 n =0.25 Q
C
H
Affinity equation: Q1 /Q2 H1 /H2 P1 /P2
= = =
n1 /n2 (n1 /n2)2 (n1 /n2)3
H1 H2
P
n1 n2
Q2 Q1
Q
P1 P2 Q
6. Tool box Theory B
Boiler: Φ = 210 [kW] ∆t = 20°C Q = 9.1 [m3/h] ∆H = 1.5 [m] Constant temperature Variable flow
Radiator system: Φ = 160 [kW] ∆t = 20°C Q = 6.9 [m3/h] ∆H = 3.5 [m] Variable temperature Constant flow
M
Pu2
Hot water production: Φ = 50 [kW] ∆t = 20°C Q = 2.2 [m3/h] ∆H = 2.0 [m] Constant temperature Variable flow
C2
M Pu1
C3
m
Pu1 UPS 25-60
6
PuX 1
5.2
3
3
2
2
1
1 0 0
1
2
2.2
3
4
m3/H
PuX 1+2 C2
5 4
0
PuX 2
6.7
Calculated duty point
C1
4
Pu2 UPS 40-60/2 F
6
5
4.0
C1
Calculated duty point C3
0
H Example of using the graphic method and driving pump curves to determine the right selection of more that one pump in a system. In this case two pumps share the pressure lost in part of the system (the boiler). The diagram shows the maximum head of both pumps needed to secure the right maximum flow. The head in the radiator system has to be adjusted to limit the flow
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7.6
9
10
11
P : Pu1 = UPS 25-60 H = 4.0 [m] Q = 2.2 [m3/h] Pu2 = UPS 40-60/2F H = 5.2 [m] Q = 7.6 [m3/h] (without adjustment)
m3/H
6. Tool box Theory M
Mixing loops and control valves
System 1
System 2
Load
System 3
Load
System 4
Load
Load
M
System 6
Load
Load
M
M
M
M
M
Main pump
System 5
6.8
Heat supply
Hydraulic separation
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
Temperature control
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
Investment
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
Operation cost
lLOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
6. Tool box Theory M
SYSTEM 1 Function: Secondary side: The load will normally be an exchanger, where the temperature out of the exchanger is the set point. The flow is decreasing when the valve is closing. The valve can be placed either in the flow pipe or in the return pipe. Primary side: The flow is decreasing when the valve is closing If an uncontrolled pump is installed on the primary side, the differential pressure in the connection point will increase when the flow is decreasing.
T t= Constant
Load
Q= Variable
M
Interaction with speed controlled pump:
6.9
Primary side: The pump will reduce the speed when the valve is closing. Normally proportional pressure control is recommended in systems where the pressure lost is split between the pipe system and the control valves. Connection point
Main system Head Closing valve
Open valve
Flow
6. Tool box Theory M
SYSTEM 2 Function: Secondary side: The load will normally be a heat surface or a radiator system, where there is a demand for a variable temperature. The flow in the secondary side will normally be higher, due to a reduction in the flow temperature.The flow can be constant or variable, depending on the system. The valve can be placed either in the flow pipe or in the return pipe.
t= Variable
Load
T
Q= Constant
Primary side: The flow is decreasing when the valve is closing. If an uncontrolled pump is installed on the primary side, the differential pressure in the connection point will increase when the flow is decreasing. Interaction with speed-controlled pumps:
Primary side: The pump will reduce the speed when the valve is closing. Normally proportional pressure control is recommended in systems where the pressure loss is split between the pipe system and the control valves.
Q= Variable 6 . 10
Secondary side: Due to the higher flow in the secondary side a speed controlled pump will have the authority in the secondary system.
M
Connection point
Main system Head Closing valve
Open valve
Flow
6. Tool box Theory M
SYSTEM 3 Function: Secondary side: The load will normally be an exchanger, where the temperature out of the exchanger is the setpoint. The flow is decreasing when the valve is closing. The valve can be placed either in the flow pipe or in the return pipe. The pressure lost in the bypass has to be close to the same as the pressure lost in the system. Primary side: The flow is constant, but the differential temperature will change when the valve is adjusting.
T t= Constant
Load
Q= Variable A B
Interaction with speed-controlled pumps:
AB
Q= Constant 6 . 11
Primary side: A pressure-controlled pump will not react when the valve is adjusting, but it is possible to speed control the pump due to temperature, constant return temperature or constant differential temperature.
M
Connection point
Main system Head Port A or Port B
Flow
6. Tool box Theory M
SYSTEM 4 Function: Secondary side: The load will normally be a heat surface or a radiator system, where there is a demand for a variable temperature. Due to a reduction in the flow temperature, the flow in the secondary side will normally be higher. The flow can be constant or variable, depending on the system. The valve can be placed either in the flow pipe or in the return pipe. Primary side: The flow is decreasing when the valve is closing. If an uncontrolled pump is installed on the primary side, the differential pressure in the connection point will increase when the flow is decreasing.
t= Variable
Load
T
Q= Variable/ Constant AB
M
B A
Interaction with speed-controlled pumps:
Primary side: The pump will reduce the speed when the valve,is closing. Normally proportional pressure control is recommended in systems where the pressure loss is split between the pipe system and the control valves.
6 . 12
Primary side: Due to the higher flow in the secondary side, a speed controlled pump will have the authority in the secondary system.
Q= Variable
Connection point
Main system Head Closing valve AB-B
Open valve AB-B
Flow
6. Tool box Theory M
SYSTEM 5 Function: Secondary side: The load will normally be a heat surface or a radiator system where there is a demand for a variable temperature. Due to a reduction in the flow temperature, the flow in the secondary side will normally be higher than in the primary side. The flow can be constant or variable, depending on the system. The valve can be placed either in the flow pipe or in the return pipe.
t= Variable
Load
T
Q= Constant
Primary side: The flow is constant, but the differential temperature will change when the valve is adjusting.
A B
Interaction with speed-controlled pumps:
Primary side: A pressure controlled pump will not react when the valve is adjusting, but it is possible to speed control the pump due to temperature, constant return temperature or constant differential temperature.
AB
Q= Constant 6 . 13
Secondary side: Due to the higher flow in the secondary side, the speed controlled pump will have the authority in secondary systems.
M
Connection point
Main system Head
Port A or Port B
Flow
6. Tool box Theory M
SYSTEM 6 Function: Secondary side: The load will normally be a heat surface or a radiator system where there is a demand for a variable temperature. Due to a reduction in the flow temperature, the flow in the secondary side will normally be higher than in the primary side. The flow can be constant or variable, depending on the system. The valve can be placed either in the flow pipe or in the return pipe.
t= Variable
Load
T
Q= Constant AB
Primary side: The flow is constant, but the differential temperature will change when the valve is adjusting.
M B
A
Interaction with speed-controlled pumps:
Primary side: A pressure-controlled pump will not react when the valve is adjusting, but it is possible to speed control the pump due to temperature, constant return temperature or constant differential temperature.
Q= Constant 6 . 14
Secondary side: Due to the higher flow in the secondary side, a speed controlled pump will have the authority in secundary systems.
Connection point
Main system Head Port A or Port B
Flow
6. Tool box Theory M
3-way valves: 3-way valve for mixing
3-way valve for division Load
Load Variable temperature
Constant temperature
Variable flow
Constant flow
AB
A B B
A
AB Variable flow
Constant flow
6 . 15
Pressure control valves: Pressure relief
Constant pressure
+
M
∆p constant
-
Constant pressure M
+
-
-
+
∆p constant
Constant flow Constant flow
∆p constant
+
6. Tool box Heating B
H The heating system should compensate for the heat loss in the building. Therefore this loss will be the basis for all calculations in connection with the heating system.
tu
The following formula should be used: U x A x (ti-tu) = Φ Φ= U= A= ti = tu =
ti
The flow of heat (heat loss) in [W] The transmission coefficient in [W/m2 K] The area in [m2] Dimensioning indoor temperature in [°C] Dimensioning outdoor temperature in [°C] Flow in % = Variation in flow = Calculation profile 6 . 16
C When the heat flow Φ is known, the flow pipe temperature tF and the return-pipe temperature tR should be determined, in order to be able to calculate the volume flow rate Q. The temperatures not only determine the volume flow rate, but also when heating surfaces should be dimensioned (radiators, calorifiers etc.) The following formula should be used: Φ x 0.86 (tF-tR)
Operating hours in %
∆t
=Q
Φ = Heat demand in [kW] Q = Volume flow rate in [m3/h] tF = Dimensioning flow pipe temperature in [°C] tR = Dimensioning return-pipe temperature in [°C] 0.86 is the conversion factor (kcal/h to kW)
tF
tR
6. Tool box Heating B
C : To select the right pump and to have the right balance in the system, it is necessary to calculate the pressure lost in all parts of the system. A heating system can be devided into 3 parts: Heat production: Boilers, Heat exchangers, Solar collectors, Generators, etc. Heat distribution: Pipes, Fittings, Valves, Pumps. Heat consumption: Radiators, Calorifiers, Heating surfaces, Fan coils, Floor heating coils Domestic hot water production. After dimensioning of the system, a pressure loss calculation should be made. The pressure loss (head) up to the critical point, i.e. the point to which the biggest pressure loss exists, should be the dimensioning pressure loss for the pump. If the system is big, it would be an advantage to zone-divide it, this would make the pressure loss calculation more clear.
Heat consumption
Heat distribution
Zone 1
Zone 2
Heat production
6 . 17
When zone-dividing the system, it is important to establish which components belong to the distribution part and which belong to the individual zone. After the calculation it is possible to draw a system characteristic in a coordinate system, where the pressure loss (H) is plotted on the Y-axis and the volume flow rate (Q) on the X-axis. Normally the piping is dimensioned from a maximum pressure loss per m pipe, where 100-150 Pa/m is a good basis. Another possibility is that the velocity of the pipes determines the dimensioning, up to 100 mm pipe = 1m/s (approx. 28m3/h). An economic pipe dimensioning should be made in cases of pipes over 100 mm.
Heat production
Main distribution
Duty point H
Y-axis
X-axis
Q
6. Tool box Heating B
S : The static pressure of the system is the pressure which is not provided by the circulator pump. The static pressure depends on the construction of the system. We distinguish between 2 types of systems: Open system; Pressurized system. The static pressure has big influence on both pumps and valves. If the static pressure is too low, the risk of cavitation increases, especially at high temperatures. For canned rotor type pumps, a minimum inlet pressure (static pressure) is stated. For big pumps the static pressure can be calculated from the NPSH value of the pump.
Open system Atmospheric pressure
Static system pressure
The height of the water level in the expansion tank gives the static pressure. In the shown example, the static pressure before the pump is approx. 1.6 m. Open systems are not used so often, but if the heat source for example is a solid fuel system, it may be required that the system is an open system.
Pressurized system Precompressed gas
Static system pressure
Static pressure [m] 0
0.5
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Precompressed gas Static system pressure
6 . 18
1.0
A pressurized system has a pressure expansion tank with a rubber membrane, which separates the compressed gas (nitrogen) and the water in the system. The static pressure of the system must be approx. 1.1 x the inlet pressure in the tank. If the static pressure is higher, the tank loses its ability to absorb the dilation of the water which happens when it is heated. This may cause unintentional pressure rises in the system. If the static pressure in the system is lower than the inlet pressure, there will be no water reserve when the temperature in the system falls, this may in some cases cause a vacuum in the system, and there is a risk of air being drawn in.
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost C
E Nearly 20 % of the world’s electrical energy consumption is used for pump systems. In some Commercial Building Services pump systems the use of speed controlled pump systems makes it possible to save more than 50 % of this energy.
Other use 80%
20% Pump systems
S
6 . 19
”A Guide to LCC Analysis for Pumping Systems”, is a referencebook on the LCC subject. It is the result of a collaboration between: • Hydraulic Institute • Europump • US Department of Energy’s Office of industrial Technologies The life cycle cost of any piece of equipment is the total ”lifetime” cost to purchase, install, operate, maintain and dispose of that equipment. The methodology to identify and quantify all of the components in the Life Cycle Cost will be described in the following section. Life Cycle Cost 10 years operation
C 70000
When used as a comparison tool between possible design or overhaul alternatives, the LCC process will show the most cost-effective solution within the limits of available data.
60000 50000
Euro
40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Energy cost Maintenance Initial Cost
Initial Cost
System 1 62100 0 6400 Maintenance
System 2 28640 0 12000 Energy cost
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost C
LCC The Life Cycle Cost is calculated as: LCC = Cic + Cin + Ce + Co + Cm + Cs + Cenv + Cd
Typical Life Cycle Cost of a circulating system in Commercial Building Services
Where: LCC Cic Cin Ce Co Cm Cs Cenv Cd
= = = = = = = = =
life cycle cost inital costs, purchase price installation and commissioning costs energy costs operation costs (labour cost) maintenance and repair costs down time costs (loss of production) environmental costs decommissioning/disposal costs
In the following section each of these cost components will be described. As seen from the illustration, the energy cost, initial cost and maintenance cost are the most important in Commercial Building Services pump systems.
This includes all the equipment and accessories needed to operate the pump system. E.g. this includes: • Pumps • Frequency converters • Control panels • Transmitters Often there is a trade off between initial costs and energy and maintenance costs, as the more expensive components often have a longer lifetime or lower energy consumption as is the case with speed control pumps.
Maintenance cost Energy cost 6 . 20
I , (C)
Inital cost
Example showing the initial costs Cic of a constant speed pump system (system 1) and a speed controlled pump system (system 2).
8000 7000 6000 5000
Euro
4000 3000 2000 1000 0
Initial Cost
Initial Cost
System 1 5200
System 2 7300
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost C
I C (C) This includes costs such as: • Installation of pumps • Foundation (if necessary) • Connection of electrical wiring and instrumentation • Installation, connection and set-up of transmitters, frequency converters, etc. • Connection to BMS system • Performance eveluation at start-up Again it is advisable to check for trade offs. In some cases, as with speed controlled pumps, many components are integrated in the product, which then gives a higher initial cost, but lower installation and commisioning costs. Compared to other costs in a circulating Commercial Building Services pump system this kind of costs is often modest.
Integrated components and software in an E-pump, which saves installation and commissioning costs
User interface
Software
Control
Frequency converter
Sensor
E C (C) In most cases, energy consumption is the largest cost in the LCC of pump systems in Commercial Building Services, where the pumps are often running more than 2000 hours a year. Many factors influence the energy consumption of the pump system, e.g.:
Pump
Load profile of circulation systems in Commercial Building Services systems -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Outdoor temperature °C
• Load profile • Use of speed controlled solutions • Pump efficiency (calculation of duty point should be carried out carefully) • Motor efficiency (the motor efficiency at partial load can vary significantly between high efficiency motors and normal efficiency motors) • Pump sizing (often margins and round up’s tend to suggest oversized pumps) • Other system components, such as pipes and valves
6 . 21
Standard motor
Heating needs
North European Central European South European
Cooling needs 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 8760
Hours/year
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost C
O C (C) Operating costs are labour costs related to the operation of a pumping system. In most cases the labour cost, which can be related to the pumps in a commercial building, is modest. Grundfos E-pumps provide various ways of monitoring the pump, e.g. the surveillance of the pumps can be done via the BMS, as the pumps have BUS communication.
BMS Main station Secondary stations
Boiler room
Technical college
Other
Valve
Pump
BUS Cateway
Components
Pump
M R C (C) This basically covers all costs related to maintenance and repair of the pump system, e.g.:
To obtain the optimum working life of a pump and prevent breakdowns, it is feasible to carry out routine maintenance. Grundfos has made some estimates on the cost of maintenance for the pumps.
Dry-runner pumps are estimated to have replaced the shaft seal three times and motor bearings four times during their life time, which is 20 years. This is estimated to a total of appr. 1500 EUR per pump.
6 . 22
• Labour cost • Spare parts • Transportation • Cleaning
Wet-runner pumps are maintenancefree for a period of 10 years.
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost C
D P C (C) These costs are only relevant in pump systems used in production processes. In Commercial Building Services a stop of the pump rarely results in loss of production, but more in a loss of comfort. So the measureable cost of this is modest in CBS. But the unmeasureable costs, e.g. guests in a hotel without water can be even higher. Even though one pump is enough for the required pump performance, Grundfos always recommends to install a back-up pump, to prevent the loss of comfort caused by an unexpected failure in the pump system. The communication possibilities of the E-pumps make it possible to act fast in case of a break-down.
= 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (wet runner) = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (Dry runner) = 2 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 3 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) Head [m] 100 50
10 5
1
10
20
40 60 80100
200
400 600 1,000
2,000
4,000
10,000
Flow [m³/h]
E C (C)
D D C (C) These costs are also more relevant in systems with harzardous liquids, and they seem to be nonexistent or modest in CBS systems. At least there will be little difference occuring from the design of the system.
6 . 23
This includes the cost of disposal of parts and contamination from the pumped liquid. The contribution to the life cycle cost of a pump system in CBS from this is set to be modest.
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost C
C LCC The LCC of a pump system is then made up of the summation of all the components over the life time of the system. This is typically 10 - 20 years. As we are considering a significant amount of years, the most correct way of calculating LCC would be based on the discounted cash flow. Working with a time frame of these 10 – 20 years also indicates that the energy price will probably be significantly higher than today. For political reasons, the price of energy is probably going to increase more than the general inflation.
Cp =
Cn [ 1 + (i – p ) ]n
Where: n = number of years p = expected annual inflation i = interest rate i –p = real discount rate Cn = cost paid after ”n” years Cp = present cost of a single cost element Cn
The table on the following page can be used for keeping hold of the different cost components for a pump system or the comparison of two alternative systems. 6 . 24
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost C
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Input Initial investment cost Energy price (present) per kWh: Weighted average power of equipment in kW: Average operating hours per year: Energy cost per year (calculated) = Energy price x weighted average power x average operating hours per year: Maintenance cost (routine maintenance per year)
Other yearly costs: Down time cost per year: Environmental cost: Decommissioning/disposal (Salvage) cost Life time in years: Interest rate, %: inflation rate, %:
Output Present LCC value: Following the design guides in this System Guide generally tends to minimise the LCC of a pump system in CBS. The Grundfos consultants are always ready to dicuss the possibilities of lowering the LCC of a particular system.
6 . 25
Repair every 2nd year:
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost E
S A new office building is being designed. One of the evaluation criteria from the investor is energy consumption.
The need for circulating water in the heating system is calculated as:
Three alternative pump systems have to be evaluated.
Total heat demand = 100.000 kW Sizing flow = 1.250 m³/h Sizing head = 45 m
S Two constant speed pumps + one constant speed standby pump. ON/OFF operation. Selected pumps: 3 x NK 250-400/409 Motor size 3 x 200 kW The pumps are with ON/OFF control 6 . 26
E : Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
438
342
149.796
75
876
308
269.808
50
3.066
187
573.342
25
4.380
164
718.320
Total
8.760
Total
1.711.266
Heat source
Flow [%]
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost E
S Three speed controlled pumps + one speed controlled standby pump. Constant pressure control (measured over the pumps) Selected pumps: 4 x NK 200-400/400
∆p control measured directly over the pumps
Heat source
Motor size 4 x 132 kW
∆p
E : Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
438
349
152,862
75
876
260
227,760
50
3.066
178
545,748
25
4.380
100
438,000
Total
8.760
Total
1.364,370
6 . 27
Flow [%]
S Three speed controlled pumps + one speed controlled standby pump. Proportional pressure control (measured at suitable place in the system) ∆p control measured out in the system
Heat source
Selected pumps: 4 x NK 200-400/400 Motor size 4 x 132 kW
∆p
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost E
E : Flow [%]
Hours [h]
Effect [kW]
Energy [kWh]
100
438
349
152.862
75
876
135
118.260
50
3.066
79
242.214
25
4.380
47
205.860
Total
8.760
Total
719.196
6 . 28
C LCC 20 year operation time System 1
%
System 2
%
System 3
%
Saving 1 vs. 3
%
EURO
LCC
EURO
LCC
EURO
LCC
EURO
Saving
Saving between 1 and 3
Cic
40.000
1,2%
100.000
3,5%
105.000
6,8%
-65.000
-163%
End user price
Cin
2.000
0,1%
3.500
0,1%
3.500
0,2%
-1.500
-75%
Commissioning
2.720.740 96,1% 1.438.380 92,6%
1.984.152
58%
Energy price 0,1 EURO/kWh
Ce
3.422.532 98,6%
Co Cm
0 4.500
0,1%
6.000
0,2%
6.000
0,3%
0
Cs
0
Cen
0
Cd LCC
Remarks
2.000 3.471.032
0,1%
2.000
0,1%
2.000
0,1%
0
100% 2.832.240
100%
1.554.880
100%
1.918.652
0%
55%
New shaft seals/ motor bearings
6. Tool box Life Cycle Cost E
C LCC
Life Cycle Cost 20 years operation 3500
Euro x 1000
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
System 1 40 5 3422
Initial Cost Maintenance Energy cost
System 3 105 5 1438
Maintenance
Energy cost
6 . 29
Initial Cost
System 2 100 5 2720
P
1
Overview of the payback time Sy ste m
3,50
2 Sy ste m
2,50 2,00
3
1,50 Sy ste m
Euro x 1000
3,00
1,00 0,50 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
112
14
Year of operation Payback time
16
18
20
6. Tool box Control mode O
Systems with 2 way valve OX
Heat and colling surfaces
OX
Cooling towers
Constant pressure
Constant flow
Temperature control
X OX
Systems with 3 way valve
Chiller pumps
Proportional pressure (measury)
OX O
6 . 30
Single pipe heating systems
Proportional pressure (calculated)
System type
Constant diff. pressure
Control mode
Constant curve
Control mode overview
X X
X X
X OX
X
X
Flow filter DHW recirculation Pressure boosting O= Series 2000 product range X= Series 1000 product range
X X
6. Tool box Control mode C C
W When there is a demand for constant flow and constant head, a speed controlled pump can replace a throttle valve for adjusting the flow. The speed can be adjusted between 25% and 100%. This feature is specially benefitial in e.g.
H [%] RPM 100% 90% 80%
• Heat surfaces • Cooling surfaces • Heating systems with 3 way valves • Air-con system with 3 way valves • Chiller pumps
70% 60% 50% 25%
Q [%]
P Series 2000 • UPE(D)/TPE Series 1000 • TPE(D)/LME(D)/LPE(D)/CLME • NBE/NKE
Single speed pump
100
A
6 . 31
Effect in %
80 60 40 20
• Remote control R100 (Series 1000)
0
Constant curve operation 0
20
40
60
80
100
Flow in %
H Duty point with valve
Duty point without valve
H
M
Hdin.
Qdim.
Q
6. Tool box Control mode C .
W Used in circulating systems with a pipe system with low pressure drop and control valves to generate a variable flow. The pressure drop in the control valves is higher than 50% of the total pressure drop.
H [%] RPM 100% 90% 80%
• Heating systems with 2 way valves • Air-con system with 2 way valves (only TPE Series 2000)
70% 60% 50% 25%
P
Q [%]
Series 2000 • UPE(D)/TPE Series 1000 • TPE(D)/LME(D)/LPE(D)/CLME • NBE/NKE
Single speed pump
100
A • Remote control R100 (Series 1000)
6 . 32
Effect in %
80 60
Diff. pressure controlled
40 20 0
0
20
40
60
80
Flow in %
H
∆p Exchanger 3,5 m
Total ∆p pump 11 m
M
∆p Pipe system 1,5 m
M
M
∆p control valve 6m Has to be kept constant
100
6. Tool box Control mode P ()
W Used in circulation systems with a pipe system with low pressure drop and control valves to generate a variable flow. The pressure drop in the control valves is lower than 50% of the total pressure drop.
H [%] RPM 100% 90%
• Heating systems with 2 way valves • Air-con system with 2 way valves (only TPE Series 2000)
80% 70% 60% 50% 25%
P
Q [%]
Series 2000 • UPE(D)/TPE A
Single speed pump
100
• Remote control R100 (optional)
6 . 33
Effect in %
80 60 40
Diff. pressure controlled
20 0
0
20
40
60
Flow in %
H
∆p control valve 1,5 m Has to be kept constant
∆p Exchanger 3,5 m
Total ∆p pump 11 m
∆p Pipe system 6m
80
100
6. Tool box Control mode P ()
W Mostly used in circulation systems with an extensive pipe system and control valves to generate a variable flow. The pressure drop in the control valves is lower than 50% of the total pressure drop.
H [%] RPM 100% 90%
• Heating systems with 2 way valves • District heating net • Air-con system with 2 way valves
80% 70% 60% 50% 25%
P
Q [%]
Series 1000 • TPE(D) • LME(D • LPE(D) • CLME • NBE/NKE
Single speed pump
100
A • Remote control R100 • Differential presure transmitter
6 . 34
Effect in %
80 60 40
Diff. pressure controlled
20 0
0
20
40
60
80
Flow in %
H
M
M
M
M
∆p
100
6. Tool box Control mode T
W Circulation systems without control valves to generate a variable flow and systems where it is important to have a constant temperature e.g.
H [%] RPM 100% 90%
• Single pipe heating system • Boiler shunts • Heating systems with 3 way valves • Air-con system with 3 way valves • Domestic hot water circulation
80% 70% 60% 50% 25%
P
Q [%]
Series 1000 • TPE(D)/LME(D)/LPE(D)/CLME • NBE/NKE Single speed pump
100
A Effect in %
6 . 35
• Remote control R100 • Temperature transmitter or • Differential temperature transmitter
80 60 40
Temp./diff. temp. controlled
20 0
0
20
40
60
Flow in %
H
Single pipe system with return temperature transmitter
80
100
6. Tool box Control mode C
W Circulation systems without control valves to generate a variable flow and systems where it is important to have a constant temperature e.g.
H [%] RPM 100% 90%
• Single pipe heating system • Boiler shunts • Heating systems with 3 way valves • Air-con system with 3 way valves • Domestic hot water circulation
80% 70% 60% 50% 25%
P
Q [%]
Series 1000 • TPE(D)/LME(D)/LPE(D)/CLME • NBE/NKE Single speed pump
100
A • Remote control R100 • Flow transmitter or • Differential pressure transmitter
6 . 36
Effect in %
80 60 40
Flow/diff. pressure controlled
20 0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Flow in %
H H Using a ∆P transmitter for constant flow. Knowing the characteristic of a constant resistance it is possible to lay down the exact ∆P giving the right flow
∆P
Pump set point
Demand flow
Q
6. Tool box Control mode C
W Circulation systems without control valves to generate a variable flow and systems where it is important to have a constant temperature e.g.
H [%] RPM 100% 90%
• Single pipe heating system • Boiler shunts • Heating systems with 3 way valves • Air-con system with 3 way valves • Domestic hot water circulation
80% 70% 60% 50% 25%
P
Q [%]
Series 1000 • TPE(D)/LME(D)/LPE(D)/CLME • NBE/NKE Single speed pump
100
A • Remote control R100 • Flow transmitter • Diff. pressure transmitter
60
6 . 37
Effect in %
80
Pressure controlled
40 20 0
0
20
40
60
Flow in %
H Pressure holding
Pressure boosting
p p
80
100
7. Reference project
7. Reference project Hotel S H, C, D
D: The hotel is 31,500 m2, distributed on 465 rooms in 17 storeys. In 1998 the hotel was renovated for DKK 10,000,000, and approx. half of the hotels pumps were replaced by Grundfos Speed controlledpumps. The renovation meant an annual saving of DKK 2,000,000. H:
7.1
The hotel is heated by 5 steam/central heating exchangers (totally 5680 kW). There are approx. 75 pumps in the heating system. 29 of these are Grundfos Speed controlled-pumps. For ex. the following types: • 2 GRUNDFOS LPE In-Line regulated dry-runner pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS TPE series 2000 In-Line speed regulated dryrunner pump. • 26 GRUNDFOS UPE speed controlled wet-runner pumps. • 2 GRUNDFOS UPS wet-runner pumps. A : The chilling effect of the system is 1000 kW. There are app. 10 Grundfos pumps in the air-conditioning system, for example: • 3 GRUNDFOS CLM dry-runner pumps. • 1 GRUNDFOS LP In-Line dry-runner pump. • 1 GRUNDFOS UPS wet-runner pump. P : 3 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 Booster systems Divided in 2 pressure zones and 1 stand-by system. B M S : Master station: Honeywell XBS, connected to printers and mobile telephones. Substations: There are four Honeywell EXCEL 5000 with approx. 300 points connected.
Investor: Scandic Hotel Designer: Cowi
7. Reference project Airport A H, G
D: The newly built Terminal C, incl. the connecting building. This includes a Indoor climate system with a performance of 570,000 rn3/h air, variable volume flow system with air quality control and heat recovery. H: Central heating system with 3,200 kW heat output: • 22 GRUNDFOS UPE 50/65 wet-runner pumps • 16 GRUNDFOS UPS 40/50 wet-runner pumps A-:
7.2
Cooling system with 3,300 kW output, cooling with absorption refrigerator and NH3-chiller • 7 GRUNDFOS CLM 150 pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS LPD 125 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS NK 150-400-75kW End-suction pumps P : • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 pressure boosting system • 1 GRUNDFOS CRE centrifugal pump B M S: • Building Management system with 4,000 data points. • Fire alarm system. • Pump control: 12 GRUNDFOS Delta Control 2000 MF
Investor: Flughafen HannoverLangenhagen GmbH Consulting engineer: OBERMEYER Planen und Beraten, Hannover
7. Reference project Hotel H I-C, I, T
D: The hotel was built in 1975 and was renovated in 1996. It covers app. 68,000 m2, distributed on 390 rooms in 28 storeys. There are 4 technical floors and around 100 Grundfos pumps in the hotel, used for heating, air-conditioning, ventilation and pressure boosting. In most cases an external frequency converter is used for speed regulation of the pumps. H: The hotel is heated by 4 pcs. of 2,300 kW boilers (totally 9,200 kW). For ex. the following types: • 50 GRUNDFOS LP In-Line dry-runner pumps • 10 GRUNDFOS UPS wet-runner pumps for HWR A-: 7.3
The air-conditioning system is made up by: • 4 chillers 1,000 kW (totally 4,000 kW) • 15 GRUNDFOS NK endsuction pumps. P : • 3 Hydro 2000 Booster systems Divided in 3 pressure zones, one 6 bar system, one 10 bar system and one stand-by system. B M S: The components are connected by a Honeywell Building Management System.
Investor: Hotel Inter-Continental Designer: Peter Laston (English designer) Contractor: Ceylan Installer: Gürdal Engineering
7. Reference project Library G , S
D: In 1999 the university library in Gothenburg got a new air-conditioning system with a computer based Building Management System. A-: Speed controlled-pumps are installed in Gothenburg's university library's new air-conditioning system regulating different flows according to needs and consumption. The air-conditioning system has been designed with careful consideration to minimise the energy consumption.
7.4
GRUNDFOS TPE series 2000 In-Line pumps have been installed in several places where there is a varying demand for cooling and therefore a varying flow. The Speed controlled-pumps automatically adapt the performance and keep a constant differential pressure to the installation. The Speed controlled-pumps have the great advantage of being compact units that are easy to install. The chillers in the system are using propane refrigerant. B M S: The whole indoor climate is monitored and controlled by a computerised Building Management System. With this system it is possible centrally to supervise the present state of the system, and from a computer it is possible to change settings like e.g. temperatures. The BMS system is TAC Vista.
Investor: Akademiska Hus
7. Reference project Airport L F, S
D: Landvetter Flygplats is the airport in Gothenburg. In 2000 approximately 4 mill. travellers went through the airport. Grundfos Speed controlled-pumps are used in the cooling system for air-conditioning in the airport. In 1999 the airport’s air-conditioning system was renovated and expanded. Today the system has a total maximum refrigerating capacity of 1,140 kW from three chillers. A-: The system consists of three cooling machines each with speed controlled Grundfos pumps on both the hot and the cold side. 7.5
In total nine GRUNDFOS TPE series 2000 In-Line pumps are installed in the system. GRUNDFOS TPE series 2000 In-Line pumps regulate the flow through the chillers and the condensers, so that the flow at all times is exactly the necessary flow for the actual refrigeration need. Besides saving space and energy the system is also optimised to be as environmentally friendly as possible for that type of system.
Investor: Landvetter Flygplats Designer: Axro Consult AB
7. Reference project Shopping mall Ö N, S
D: Östra Nordstan is said to be Scandinavia’s largest shopping mall. GRUNDFOS TPE In-Line pumps are used in the shopping mall’s air-conditioning system. A-: The installation supplies air-conditioning for part of the shopping mall and the offices in the building. To save installation costs, it was decided to install Speed controlled-pumps when the old system had to be renovated. The Speed controlled-pumps are all-in-one compact units, taking up a minimum of space and easy to install.
7.6
Each pump is connected to a differential pressure sensor in the system. The sensors give input values to the Speed controlled-pump, which then adapt the speed according to the actual need of performance – this way the pumps save energy. The installed pumps are: • GRUNDFOS TPE 65-120/2 In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS TPE 50-120/2 In-Line pumps
Investor: Östra Nordstan, Sweden
7. Reference project Heating System in Swimming pools V, G, S
D: Valhalla is the main swimming stadium in the Gothenburg area with app. 500,000 visitors each year. Valhalla has several swimming pools, including a 50 m and a 25 m pool. The first pool was opened in December 1956 and was at that time the largest swimming Stadium in the Scandinavian countries. H: The water in the Stadium is heated by district heating. A GRUNDFOS LPDE 125-125/125 Speed controlled In-Line pump is used to circulate the district heating water through the heat exchanger for heating the Stadium water. 7.7
The twin pump is controlled by a GRUNDFOS Delta Control 2000.
Investor: Valhalla
7. Reference project Theatre B T M
D: Approx. 70 Grundfos pumps are installed in the theatre, used for heating, air-conditioning, ventilation, fire protection and pressure boosting. The auditorium of Bolshoy (Grand) Theatre was constructed in 1825. While the Bolshoy troupe successfully staged marvellous ballets and operas the building had no major repairs and became dilapidated. In 1994 on behalf of UNESCO a complete renovation and expanding project was started, including construction of 2nd stage, audience hall and lobby (total area appr. 70,000 m2) F P: Booster Modules are installed for the automatic fire fighting system: • GRUNDFOS SP 215-5-2 (7 x 93 kW) • GRUNDFOS SP 77-10 (3 x 37 kW) 7.8
For hydrant water pumping: • 2 GRUNDFOS DNP 65-200/210 (30 kW) H : Another 50 Grundfos pumps handle water circulation, the air-conditioning and ventilating system, for example: • 4 GRUNDFOS LP In-Line pump. • 2 GRUNDFOS DNM 32-200 end-suction pump. • 2 GRUNDFOS NK 80-315 end-suction pump. • 40 GRUNDFOS UPS (D) wet-runner pump. D: For discharge of drainage water the most robust pumps were admitted to be GRUNDFOS AP 10 (5 pcs) B M S: The pump management system for the fire extinguishing plant is a control panel GRUNDFOS control 2000.
Investor: Government of Russia Designer: Spezavtomatika Contractor: Administration of Bolshoy Theatre and Grundfos GMBH
7. Reference project Airport A D GH
D: After the fire catastrophe in 1996 restauration and rebuilding measures were decided for the Flughafen Düsseldorf under the expression “Airport 2000 Plus”. These contained the construction of GateC/ Departure as well as the restauration of the central building, GateB and GateD. H:
7.9
• 3 GRUNDFOS UPS 40-40 F wet-runner pumps • 9 GRUNDFOS UPS 32-30 F wet-runner pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS UPS 25-40 wet-runner pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS UPS 40-60 F wet-runner pumps • 6 GRUNDFOS UPS 80-60 F wet-runner pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS TPE 80-120 In-Line pump • 2 GRUNDFOS TPE 65-180/2 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS TPE 100-180 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS UPE 32-120 wet-runner pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS UPE 40-120 wet-runner pumps • 5 GRUNDFOS UPS 40-60/2 wet-runner pumps A-: • 3 GRUNDFOS CLM 200 - 400 In-Line pumps • 3 GRUNDFOS NK 200-315 55.0 KW End-suction pumps • 4 GRUNDFOS NK 200-315 45.0 KW End-suction pumps • 12 GRUNDFOS LMD 80-200/202 In-Line pumps • 8 GRUNDFOS LMD 100-2007200 In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS LMD 65-200/202 In-Line pumps P : • 5 GRUNDFOS booster Hydro 2000 MF 6 CR 4-60 customized systems • 1 GRUNDFOS booster Hydro 2000 MF 4 CR 16-70 customized system
Investor Flughafen HannoverLangenhagen GmbH Consulting engineer: Pre Planning: Schulhoff Ingenieur Planungs GmbH (SIP)
7. Reference project Office building SONY-C B, P P
D: 1996 Debis (Daimler Chrysler) and Sony started to build office and residential buildings on the area around the Potsdamer Platz. The Sony Center as central building offers a plaza covered by a huge tent –formed roof with restaurants, cinemas, a film museum and offices as well as the “Kaisersaal”. The Sony Center was built strictly modern as construction of steel and glass according to the plans of the world famous architect Jahn. H:
7 . 10
• 160 GRUNDFOS UPS 25-40 180 wet-runner pumps • 45 GRUNDFOS UPS 25-60 180 wet-runner pumps • 25 GRUNDFOS UPS 32-80 180 wet-runner pumps • 10 GRUNDFOS UPS 40-30F wet-runner pumps • 10 GRUNDFOS UPED 50-60F wet-runner pumps • 11 GRUNDFOS UPED 80-120F wet-runner pumps • Several GRUNDFOS UPSD wet-runner pumps A-: • 6 GRUNDFOS CDM 200-240 A-F-A-BBUE 400D 16B In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS CDM 200-263 A-F-A-BBUE 400D 16B In-Line pumps • 4 GRUNDFOS TPED 80-120 A-F-A BUBE IP 55 In-Line pumps • 4 GRUNDFOS CDM 150-229 A-F-A-BBUE 400D 16B In-Line pumps • 10 GRUNDFOS TPED 100-120 A-F-A BUBE 400V In-Line pumps • 3 GRUNDFOS TPED 80-120 A-F-A BUBE IP 55 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS LPED 80-125/117 A-F-A BUBE IP55 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS LMDE 100-200/210 A-F-A BUBE IP 55 In-Line pumps
Investor: Imtech Deutschland GmbH (vorher R.O.M. Berlin GmbH) Consulting Engineer: IGH Höpfner GmbH Berlin
7. Reference project Terminal O T, L D, E
D: It is a riverside retail and leisure development in Leith Docks in Edinburgh which has been designed to look like an ocean liner H : LTHW Roof Top Primary LTHW Food Court Secondary Condenser Water Run Around Coils OHWS Bronze Booster Systems + Pressurisation Units
7 . 11
• 3 GRUNDFOS TPED In-Line pumps • 4 GRUNDFOS LME In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS LPE In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS UPS 15 wet-runner pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS UP 25 wet-runner pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS LPDE Duo Compact CR 4/20 In-Line pumps – Condenser Water • 1 GRUNDFOS UPSD wet-runner pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS TPE 65 In-Line pumps
Consulting Engineer: Corona Design, Edinburgh Contractor: Rotary (Scotland) Ltd, Bathgate Installer: Rotary (Scotland) Ltd, Bathgate
7. Reference project Airport S A E S 3 L
D: This Project involved a full package of energy efficient speed controlled pumps, pressurisation systems and booster systems. Large 200 kw long coupled GRUNDFOS NK End-suction pumps were used to provide additional heating and airconditioning requirements to the extended terminal replacing existing Baric Belt Drive Pumps. The GRUNDFOS NK End-suction pumps were driven by remote Danfoss wall mounted inverters providing quiet running operation. Sat 3 involved a number of close coupled GRUNDFOS NB End-suction pumps with remote Danfoss wall mounted inverters providing heating and airconditioning requirements to the Satelite 3 Link terminal. GRUNDFOS monopress pressurisation systems were utilised for the chilled water and heating systems and a GRUNDFOS CRE booster system for the cold water supply. Grundfos were able to fulfil the clients requirements with an energy efficient solution. 7 . 12
Grundfos were asked to provide an energy efficient pumping solution for the increased heating and airconditioning requirements of the extended terminal and satelite link to this airport. H: • GRUNDFOS NK End-suction pumps A-: • GRUNDFOS NB End-suction pumps P : • GRUNDFOS CRE centrifugal pumps
Consulting Engineer: WSP Contractor: Crown House Engineering
7. Reference project Hospital W G H, W, L, S
D: New multi-million pound hospital using Speed controlled-pumps for energy saving and variable speed for better system control. Building size 22000 m2. H: Boiler feed unit - inverters Chilled water units – GRUNDFOS NK End-suction pump. • GRUNDFOS UPE wet-runner pumps • GRUNDFOS LME In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS LPE In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS TPE In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS NK End-suction pumps
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P : Cold water speed controlled booster systems Pressurisation Units Pumptypes: • GRUNDFOS CRE centrifugal pump - tricompact • GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 booster systems - Duocab
Consulting Engineer: Hulley & Kirkwood, Glasgow Contractor: Sir Robert McAlpine, Glasgow Installer: Haden Young Ltd
7. Reference project Airport C AI, D
D: Grundfos has supplied drainage- and wastewater pumps in the newly builed station terminal in Copenhagen airport. It has been a pump assigment for Grundfos to let people walk dryshoed in the submersible parts of the building complex – the trainstation, the luggage handling and the parking cellars. In addition we have also solved the problem of pumping away wastewater. D:
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24 drainage pumps from the Grundfos series of stainless steel wastewater pumps are placed in the pumping pits below the construction site. The pump types are: • GRUNDFOS AP12 pump for drainage and • GRUNDFOS AP35 pump with Vortex impeller. The latter are used in the pumping pits that have inlet of effluent, e.g. from floor drains, sinks etc. S: 10 larger sewage pumps from the series of GRUNDFOS AP100 cast iron pumps have been delivered for pumping away sewage. These pumps have a free passage for particles up to 100 mm. S: All pumps have been installed with complete piping from Grundfos’ wastewater installers. They have specially equipped service cars and are based in our service centres and wastewater work shops.
Investor: Copenhagen Airport A/S Consulting engineer: Højgaard & Schultz A/S
7. Reference project Pumping statitons T O C, D
D: The establishment of the new infrastructure in the Oerestad, close to Copenhagen, is almost in place. It concerns roads, railways, sewers, drainage canals etc. Grundfos has established 3 larger pumping stations in this area. Two stations for pumping away sewage and one for pumping away rainwater. S: The pumping stations for pumping sewage are installed as a 2 floor basement.
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One pumping station with two dry-installed 13 kW GRUNDFOS SE sewage pumps taking the sewage from a separate inlet sump operating with a head of 15 m delivering a flow of 75 ltr./sec. pr. pump. A submersible sewage pump with a 2,4 kW motor is installed on auto-coupling system and ejector system to prevent settlement of untreated sewage D: The other is a traditional pumping station delivered and installed by Grundfos with two submersible, high pressure pumps with 6,5 kW motors with cutter system. In the other pumping station Grundfos has delivered and installed 2 pcs. of dry installed drainage pumps with 25 kW motors for the rain station, each with a performance of app. 100 ltr./sec. 1 dry-installed Grundfos pump with a 1,3 kW motor is installed for the daily operation in dry weather. Besides delivering and installing the pumps Grundfos has also been responsible for the plumbing and ventilation of the pumping stations.
Investor: The Oerestad Consortium Consulting engineer: RAMBØLL A/S
7. Reference project Office building C S A
D: Cisco Campus. Headoffice for Europe. Marketleader for Internet supplies. Pumps foor cooling, heating and pressure boosting. Building size 90.000 m2. H: 51 Pumps: • GRUNDFOS UPE wet-runner pumps • GRUNDFOS CLM In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS TPE In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS LME In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS NK End-suction pumps A-: :
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• GRUNDFOS CLM 200-240 In-Line pumps with Delta Control 2000 • GRUNDFOS CLM 150-242 In-Line pumps P : • 2 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 MS 3CR4-50-1 Booster systems • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 MS 3CR*-40 1 1⁄2” Booster system • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 MS 2CR4-30 1 Booster system
Consulting Engineer: DWA, Bodegraven Contractor: J.P. van Eesteren, Amsterdam Installer: Van Galen, Rotterdam Unica Amsterdam (boosters)
7. Reference project Office building C T
D: Crystal tower, situated in the existing business district Amsterdam Teleport, 95 meter high office building. The design is remarkable due to the combination of brick, glass and aluminium. Developed in line with modern office concepts; many variable working places and team conference rooms. Building size: 24.000 m2. H -: • 2 GRUNDFOS LM 80-200/187 In-Line pumps • 2 UPE 50-120 with PMU 2000 wet-runner pumps • 5 GRUNDFOS TPE 80-180 In-Line pumps with PMU 2000 • Several GRUNDFOS LM In-Line pumps and GRUNDFOS UPE wet-runner pumps. 7 . 17
P : • GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 ME 2CRE3-10- 1” booster systems • GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 ME 2CRE3-15-1” booster systems • GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 3CRE19-1” (16 bar) booster systems F : • 1 Fire protection unit with 1500 l tank GBI • 2 GRUNDFOS CR 45-7-2 centrifugal pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS CR 2-180 centrifugal pump W : • 1 GRUNDFOS AP 12.50.11A3 wastewater pump • 1 GRUNDFOS AP 12.40.04A3 wastewater pump
Consulting Engineer: Technisch Adviesburo Becks BV, Vught Contractor: BAM Noord-West Owner: Amstelland Ontwikkeling Vastgoed BV, Nieuwegein
7. Reference project Theater L T R
D: Modern theater with 1500 seats, situated at the bridge over the river Maas. Higt-tech facilities such as movable panels for adapting acoustic reverb up to 2 seconds. Building size: 16.325 m2. H: • 3 GRUNDFOS LME In-Line pumps • 17 GRUNDFOS UPS wet-runner pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS UPS wet-runner pumps A-:
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• 2 GRUNDFOS CLM In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS TP In-Line pump • 3 GRUNDFOS LME In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS control 2000 ME3, 2,2 E PFU/PMU P : • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 MS 4CR8-30 1 1⁄2” booster system
Consulting Engineer: Tebodin Den Haag Contractor: IBC Utiliteit Installer: Lingestreek
7. Reference project Office building T W H R
D: Millennium tower, Build in the center of Rotterdam, near the Central Staion. 131 Meter High with luxurious offices and five star Westin Hotel. 231 Rooms Building size 13.005 m2. H -: All pumps for heating/cooling F : • 1 GRUNDFOS GBI 2CR45-8-2 30kW P :
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• 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000MS/C 4CR8-80 booster system • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000MS/C 3CR8-140 booster system
Consulting Engineer: Deerns Raadgevende Ingenieurs BV, Rijswijk Contractor: Bouwcombinatie Bam bouw/ Bam techniek
7. Reference project Stadium C P – GAA H
D: This development is a 80,000 seat stadium with corporate and hospitality facilities. During a game there is a huge demand for water The uses are catering, toilet facilities and team facilities. The water for the stands are provided from the ground floor plant rooms by means of GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 Booster sets. The services are divided into circuits. The circuits are, the individual stands subdivided into levels. The object of the installation is to provide a secure stable water supply for the toilet, washing and catering facilities. P :
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• 4 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 ME 2 CRE 16-60 PMU booster systems • 2 GRUNDFOS 4 CRE 16-80 PMU centrifugal pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 ME 2 CRE 8-80 PMU booster systems • 2 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 ME 4 CRE 32-3 PMU booster systems
Consulting Engineer: J.V. TIERNEY & CO Contractor: JOHN SISK & CO Installer: T BOURKE & CO
7. Reference project Tunnel CIAB S, M B
D: This project is famous in Italy. The Company, owner of the tunnel, is able to grant an high standard of safety to the car drivers that cross the tunnel. The project has been realized after the big fire that destroyed a big part of the tunnel of Mont Blanc. In this plant Grundfos delivered 5 fire protection systems and 3 Booster systems. The tunnel is km 12 long F : 2 GRUNDFOS Fire protection systems • HUNI 3 + 1 CR 64-5 /16-100 1 GRUNDFOS Fire protection system • HUNI 3 + 1 CV 70-60 / 16-160 7 . 21
2 GRUNDFOS Fire protection system • HUNI 3 + 1 CR 64-4-2/16-80 P : • 2 GRUNDFOS Hydro 1000 2 CR 16-30 booster systems • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 1000 2 CR 45-4 booster system
Contractor: GEIE del Traforo del Monte Bianco Installer: CIAB Srl
7. Reference project Hotel H R T
D: The hotel was built in 1999. It covers 22,000 m2; it has 152 rooms in three storeys and an extensive conference area. It has also two tennis courts and two swimming pools. There are five pump rooms for all applications. Fifty six (56) Grundfos pumps are used for heating, air conditioning, pressure boosting, water supply, wastewater and sewage. H A-:
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• 2 GRUNDFOS CLM 100-180 In-Line pumps • 4 GRUNDFOS CLM 200-306 In-Line pumps • 4 GRUNDFOS LM 65-200, In-Line pumps • 3 GRUNDFOS LP 100-160 In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS LP 80-160 In-Line pump • 3 GRUNDFOS NK 100-315 End-suction pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS LMB 40/4-241 In-Line pumps • 5 GRUNDFOS LMB 40/4-254 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS LMB 65/4-234 In-Line pumps • 4 GRUNDFOS LMB 65/4-260 In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS UPE 32-120 wet-runner pump P : • 2 GRUNDFOS Hydro 1000 booster systems • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 booster system W: • 1 GRUNDFOS APG 50.92.3 wastewater pump • 1 GRUNDFOS APG 50.31.3 wastewater pump Contractor: Elliniki Technodomiki S.A. Installer: Elliniki Technodomiki S.A.
7. Reference project Shopping Mall T A C M, M (S)
D: Grundfos has supplied all wastewater pumps and water supply boosting systrems needed for the newly built commercial shopping mall called ”Tres Aguas” in Madrid. Grundfos has supplied all the water and wastewater pumping needs for the all the shops included in this commercial development. S: 8 pumps were supplied as part of a complete system of 4 sewage pumping stations, includ. autocoupling systems, valves, level switches, control panels, access lids and lifting chains. The pump types are: • 2 GRUNDFOS 17 kW sewage pumps with 100 mm free passage (130 l./sec.at 8 meters.) 7 . 23
• 2 GRUNDFOS 13 kW sewage pumps with 100 mm free passage (130 l./sec.at 6 meters.) • 4 GRUNDFOS 12 kW sewage pumps with 100 mm free passage (100 l./sec.at 8 meters.) P : • 2 GRUNDFOS Series Hydro 2000 MF (4) CR16-60 booster systems. S: All pumps have been supplied with all the required accesories needed for complete installation excluding piping. Wastewater pumps & accesories were installed by a local Grundfos specialty contractor. Hydro systems were supplied as ready to use booter sets, only to be connected to external piping. Start-up services were provided for asure proper installation & functioning.
Investor: LendLease España, S.A. Consulting Engineer: Robert & Partners, Ltd.
7. Reference project The Danish Railroads G, D
D: Grundfos has delivered a multilift sewage station to the Danish Railroads. The purpose of the multilift station here is to collect and transfer all the stations sewage. The multilift station is a gas and air-teight sewage system. S: The Multilift station for collection and transfer of sewage consists of: • 2 GRUNDFOS tanks with a capacity of 400 l each. • 2 GRUNDFOS sewage pumps with 4kW motors, handling sewage with a free passage of 100 mm. P B: 7 . 24
• 2 GRUNDFOS Series Hydro 2000 MF (4) CR16-60 booster systems. S: The complete installation including tanks, pumps, valves, controller and pressure pipe system was handled by Grundfos service people.
Investor: The Danish Railroads
7. Reference project SNIEC S N I E C, C
D: Shanghai New International exhibition center is the biggest one in the Asia-Pacific region. Many high level international exhibitions will be held here every year. Grundfos has supplied all pumps to service this building, including water supply system, Air-con system, fire-fighting system and wastewater system. P : 5 sets of Grundfos Hydro 2000 frequency converter constant pressure boosting system supply all the water for this building and ensure constant pressure no matter how much water consumed at any time and any where. 7 . 25
-: • 35 units of GRUNDFOS LP/LM In-Line pumps • 81 units of GRUNDFOS UPS wet-runner pumps ensure your spring feeling at any corner inside the building. F : • 64 units of Grundfos multistage CR centrifugal pumps will give powerful enough water in case of fire. W: • 10 units of Grundfos submersible drainage and sewage pumps will drain all the wastewater from this building to protect against overflooding and transfer the sewage away from this building. S: Experienced service engineer and specially equipped service cars are ready for service 24 hours.
Investor: Shanghai Pudong Land Development (Holding) Corporation and the world leading Fairs of Hannover, Düsseldorf and München, Germany Consulting engineer: Murphy/Jahn Inc. Architects, USA
7. Reference project New City P - M’ N A C
D: Grundfos has supplied many submersible drainage and waste water pumps to the newly developed city of Putrajaya. Putrajaya is located on a 200 hectare area, about 20 kilometers from the heart of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. This city was designed to locate all Government Agencies in a single area. This would include the Prime Minister Office and all Governmental Departments, Official Residences, New Palace for the King, and housing for all support staff complete with all infrastructures like schools, hospital, Light Rail Transit system, highways and recreation areas for estimated population of more than one million people. S:
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Grundfos have supplied in excess of 40 units explosion proof sewage pumps installed in 7 pumping stations within the City consisting of units from 2.2 kW to 160 kW GRUNDFOS SE pumps. Another unique feature in one of these pumping station is where 4 sets of 130 kW GRUNDFOS SE pumps, each with 2 units operating in series for a combine total head of 60 meters and a flow of 370 l/s. S: Grundfos has also supplied many various models of submersible pumps for drainage duties, ranging from small stainless steel pumps for sump pits in buildings to large cast iron pumps for underground light rail transit system stations, Utility tunnels and for storm water drainage. Some examples of installation are as follows: Utility Tunnel
12 units 7 kW and 7 units 4.2 kW pumps Station Drainage 4 units 26 kW and 2 units 17 kW pumps. Storm Water 5 units 130 kW and 2 units 130 kW pumps
Investor: Putrajaya Holding Bhd Consulting engineer: KLCC (project manager for the Petronas Twin Towers project)
7. Reference project Shopping Center K, S
D: Kungsmässan is a shopping center placed 1 mile South of Göteborg, Sweden. Grundfos has supplied pumps to service this shopping center, including Air-con system, Heating system, Ventilation system and wastewater system. The shopping center has 4 million visitors per year, is 26000 kvm large (297.760 sq.ft.) and consists of 1600 parking lots, 85 shops and restaurants, 100 toilets, 90 wash bassins and 80 sink units. A-: GRUNDFOS CLM and GRUNDFOS CDM In-Line pumps delivers cooling for the cold storage rooms at the Shopping Center. 7 . 27
H: • 2 GRUNDFOS UPE wet-runner pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS UPED wet-runner pump delivers heating for the Shopping Center V: • 6 GRUNDFOS UPS wet-runner pump • 1 GRUNDFOS TP In-Line pump delivers ventilation for the Shopping Center. W: 4 Grundfos submersible drainage and sewage pumps will drain all the wastewater from the shopping center.
Investor: Aranäs KB & The Business Association
7. Reference project Heating H N C
D: The network of heat serves through 2 network ground pipes a whole district: 4500 residences, 6 school complexes, 1 college, 1 university, 1 shopping centre, 1 swimming pool and 1 sports hall. The cogeneration (6 MW electric) which feeds this network allows the production of electricity as well as the recuperation of heat. It is completed by a boiler for wood (4MW) and a boiler gas-fuel (30 MW). This urban boiler room multi energy received in March 2001 the standard ISO 14001, certification of management of the environment. Network of heat of 13.5 km length and feeding 55 stations. H: 7 . 28
Cogeneration: • 2 GRUNDFOS NK 125 End-suction pumps Boiler for wood: • 1 GRUNDFOS CDM 200 In-Line pump Boiler room gas-fuel: • 2 GRUNDFOS CLM 150 In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS CLM 200 In-Line pump Network: • 4 GRUNDFOS NK 80-250 End-suction pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS NK 80 250 End-suction pump (standby pump) with PMU et PFU
Investor: Calais Energie Contractor: Cabinet Caudron-Dumont, Berim, Dalkia Installer: CRYSTAL
7. Reference project School E N S L
D: L’Ecole Nationale Superieure de Lyon (ENS) trains teachers, academics and executives high level for the organizations of research, the administrations... Based on a site of 8 hectares, the school is a scientific pole recognized at the regional, national and international level. The site gathers in addition to the school, a library, a restaurant and residences. Building size: 32700 m2 A: Heating, ventilation and cooling of the school, the library, the restaurant and residences. Distribution of hot water and frozen water integrating the variable flow. Production of cold: by group with screw and atmospheric condenser of a total power of 2060 kw Production of heat: total power 6300 kw 7 . 29
P: Librairy: • 1 GRUNDFOS CDM 150 In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS CDM 200 In-Line pump • 3 GRUNDFOS LM 80 In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS LPDE 65 In-Line pump School: • 2 GRUNDFOS LPE 100 In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS LMDE 100 In-Line pump • 3 GRUNDFOS CLM 125 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS CLM 150 In-Line pumps • 2 GRUNDFOS LM 50 In-Line pumps • GRUNDFOS UPE wet-runner pumps • GRUNDFOS large UPS wet-runner pumps Restaurant: • 2 GRUNDFOS LM 50 In-Line pumps • 1 GRUNDFOS LPDE 65 In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS UPED 40 wet-runner pump • 1 GRUNDFOS UPSD 50 wet-runner pump Residence: • 1 GRUNDFOS UPED 80 wet-runner pump • 4 GRUNDFOS UPS(D) 40 wet-runner pumps
Consulting Engineer: OTH Building , Paris Installers : Cofathec Services et Danto Rogeat for the school Laurent Bouillet for library and restaurant Ets Jacques for residences Customer: Le Grand Lyon (Town of Lyon) + State
7. Reference project Hotel R S
The Hotel Savoy is the most recent and luxury Hotel in Madeira island. It is owned and operated by the Madeirabased Savoy Group of Hotels. It is recognized with the highest quality standards of quality and service. The Royal Savoy resort offers 162 luxurious and spacious studios, one or two bedroom suites and spectacular penthouses suites - each with own dinning rooms, kitchenettes and balconies, all elegantly furnished in the utmost quality and comfort creating a unique atmosphere. The stunning complex is architecturally designed to let us enjoy the beautiful breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean. P : • 1 GRUNDFOS Hydro 2000 MEH 4CR32-5/2 (11kW) + 2CRE16-60 (5.5kW) with 300 L tank/10 Bar booster system
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F F: • 1 Fire Fighting booster according with NFPA (4) NJC 1-65250 (45kW) + CR4-160/14 (3kW) D W: • 2 GRUNDFOS AP 12.40.08.3, 0.8 kW wastewater pumps • 6 GRUNDFOS AP 80.80.190 VF, 19kW wastewater pumps W G: • 1 GRUNDFOS TPE 100-120, 2.2 kW In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS TPE 80-120, 1.5 kW In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LME 80-160/162, 1.5kW In-Line pump S : • 2 GRUNDFOS SV044CHP-1 R, 4.2 kW A : • 1 GRUNDFOS LP 100-125/121 (4.0kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LP 100-125/130 (5.5kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LP 100-125/137 (7.5kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS CLM 125 (4kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LMD 100-200/187 (2.2kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LPD 80-125/124 (3kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LPD 100-160/136 (5.5kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LPD 125-125/125 (5.5kW) In-Line pump • 1 GRUNDFOS LPD 125-125/134 (7.5kW) In-Line pump
Contractor Soc. Constr. Abrantina Installer Imapo (water supply and wastewater) Climade (HVAC) Consulting Eng. Company Cenor (water supply and waste water) Engenheiros Associados (HVAC)
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