Synopsis

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, NOIDA

Industrial Training Synopsis Submission ON “Introduction To Power Plant”

Submitted By : Venu Vedant (13102406) Evaluated By

:

Ms. Garima Kapur

Supervised By

:

Mr. A.K Pramanik (AGM C&I)

Start Date of Training

:

08-Jul-2016

End Date of Training

:

04-Aug-2016

INTRODUCTION NTPC Limited is the largest thermal power generating company of India, Public Sector Company. It was incorporated in the year 1975 to accelerate power development in the country as a wholly owned company of the Government of India. At present, Government of India holds 89.5% of the total equity shares of the company and the balance 10.5% is held by FIIs, Domestic Banks, Public and others. Within a span of 31 years, NTPC has emerged as a truly national power company, with power generating facilities in all the major regions of the country. CORPORATE VISION: “To be the world’s largest and best power producer, powering India’s growth” CORE VALUES: B- Business ethics C-Customer focus O-Organizational & professional pride M-Mutual respect & trust I-Innovation & speed T-Total quality for excellence

THERMAL POWER PLANT A thermal power station consists of all the equipments and a subsystem required to produce electricity by using a steam generating boiler fired with fossil fuels to drive an electric generator. Some prefer to use the term ENERGY CENTER because such facilities convert form of energy like heat energy (derived from the combustion of fuel) into electrical energy. Typical components of a coal power thermal power station:

Cooling water pump

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Three phase transmission line

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Electrical generator

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Surface condenser

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Intermediate pressure steam turbine

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Steam control valve

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Turbine

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Coal conveyer

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Coal pulverizer

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Boiler steam drum

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Force draught (draft) fan

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Fuel gas stack

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Deaerator

CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION This division basically calibrates various instruments and takes care of any faults occur in any of the auxiliaries in the plant. This department is the brain of the plant because from the relays to transmitters followed by the electronic computation chipsets and recorders and lastly the controlling circuitry, all fall under this. Instrumentation can be well defined as a technology of using instruments to measure and control the physical and chemical properties of a material.

AUTOMATION During stable generation of power, the modulating portion of the automation system keeps the actual generated power value within the limits of the desired load demand. During major load changes, the automation system automatically redefines new set points and switches ON or OFF process pieces, to automatically bring the individual processes in an optimally coordinated way to the new desired load demand. This load transfer is executed according to pre- programmed adaptively controlled load gradients and in a safe way.

TEMPERATURE MONITORING We can use Thernocouples or RTDs(Resistance Temperature Detector) for temperature monitoring Normally RTDs are used for low temperatures. Thermocoup1e selection depends upon two factors: 

Temperature Range



Accuracy Required

Normally used Thermocouple is K Type Thermocouple: Chromel (Nickel-Chromium Alloy) / Alumel (Nickel-Aluminium Alloy) This is the most commonly used general purpose thermocouple. It is inexpensive and, owing to its popularity, available in a wide variety of probes. They are available in the −200 °C to +1200 °C range. Sensitivity is approximately 41 µV/°C. We pass a constant current through the RTD. So that if R changes then the Voltage also changes RTDs used in Industries are Pt100 and Pt1000 . They are available in the −240 °C to +649 °C range The gauges used for Temperature measurements are mercury filled Temperature gauges For Analog medium thermocouples are used And for Digital medium Switches are used which are basically mercury switches.

NTPC ANALYSIS

Figure 1:Thermal Power Plant Layout

NTPC is the largest power company in India with an electric power generating capacity of 45,548 MW. Although the company has approx. 16% of the total national capacity it contributes to over 25% of total power generation. NTPC Dadri is a unique power plant of NTPC group which has both coal based thermal plant and gas based thermal plant of 1820 MW and 817 MW respectively and 5 MW solar plant totaling 2642 MW.