Synopsis Ignou Pts5 Kanpur

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN UTTAR PRADESH: CONSERVATION OF TAJ MAHAL & FORESTS

Submitted by: XXXXXX

Name Programme Code Course Code

XXXX BTS PTS 5 – Ecology, Environment and Tourism

Enrollment Number Address Regional Centre Study Centre Title of the Project

Environmental

Issues

In

Uttar Pradesh: Conservation Of Taj Mahal & Forests

LETTER/CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

I hereby certify that the proposal for the project entitled Environmental Issues In Uttar Pradesh: Conservation Of Taj Mahal & Forests“ by ______________________________________ has

been

prepared

after

due

consultation

with

me.

The

proposal has my approval and has, to my knowledge, the potential of developing into a comprehensive Project work. I also agree to supervise the above mentioned Project till its completion.

(Signature of Supervisor) Name: Designation: Address:

INTRODUCTION Uttar Pradesh is endowed with natural wealth in abundance. This

wealth

different

lies

ages

hidden

found

in

below

a

variety

lofty

mountain

of

rocks

ranges

of

of the

Himalayas in the North and Vindhyan ranges in the South. The diversity of flora and fauna displayed here due to vast area,

big

and

small

rivers,

varieties

of

climatic

conditions, and different kinds of soil are hard to find elsewhere. The flora of a region includes all the varieties of plants, which grow there. Vegetation is the general effect produced by the growth of some or all these plants. The plains of Uttar Pradesh have been very rich in natural vegetation, which has, however, diminished due to wide-ranging needs of the people. Only a few patches of natural forest are now found scattered here and there in the plains, while such forests are extensively found on a very large scale in submountain and mountain regions, which is in Uttranchal now. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests are found in the moist region of Terai. They grow in regions, which record 100 to 150 cm. of rainfall annually, have an average temperature between 26-27C and have considerable degree of humidity. Lower

regions

have

several

species

interspersed

with

Bamboo,Climbers, Cand and ever green shrubs. Main trees are Sal, Ber, Gular, Jhingal, Palas, Mahua Semal, Dhak, Amla, Jamun, etc. Tropical Thorny Forests are mostly found in south-western parts of the State. Such forests are confined to the areas which have low annual raunfall (50-70 cms), mean annual temperature between 25 degreee to 27 degree centegrade and low humidity (less than 47 percent). Widely scattered thorny

trees, mainly, Babool,Thorny, legumes and Euphorbias are extensively found here. During rains, short grasses also grow here. The trees are generally small here forming open dry

forests.

Important

trees

of

the

region

are

Phulai,

Khair, Kokke, Dhaman, Danjha, Neem, etc. Various types of resin and gum are obtained from these trees. Animals depend on forest not only of food but also for habitat. The diversity of fauna living in water and land in the air are found in the State. Some common species found here are Tiger, Panther, Snow Leopard, Sambhar, Cheetal, Kastura,

Chinkara,

Black

Deer,

Nilgai,

Back-brown

Bear,

Mountain Goat, Hyena, Hill Dog, Elephant etc. Among the birds Fowl, Pheasant, Partridge, Florican, Duck, Goose and Wader are common. Uttar Pradesh offers an endless array of attractions to the tourist,

by

way

of

monuments,

health

resorts,

mountain

peaks, a wealth of ancient temples and viharas, rich flora and fauna, fascinating rivers and captivating valleys. Thus it becomes imperative to protect the Natural and Cultural Heritage (monuments) of the State.

Forest management in Uttar Pradesh: The

growing

realization

of

increasing

environmental

pollution and the role of forests in abating it led to conserving and extending forests on priority basis in the state.

To

protect

the

hill

areas,

the

Vindhyan

and

Bundelkhand regions and the catchment areas of the Chambal and the Yamuna, to check soil erosion and deforestation, and encourage afforestation, UP Protection of Trees in Villages & Hill Areas Act was enacted in 1976.

The Social Forestry

Programme was launched in 1979 in UP to meet the fuel-wood,

fodder and small timber needs of the people and to reduce biotic pressure on forests. Under this scheme, plantations along roads, canals, railway lines and on community lands have been undertaken. Environmental Pollution and Taj Mahal Environmental pollution spurred by industry and automobiles has long been observed to be progressively destroying the Taj

Mahal's

Organization

white (WHO)

marble has

surface.

identified

The

Agra

as

World a

Health

“pollution

intensive zone”. It is estimated that the area around the Taj contains five times the amount of suspended particles (such as sulfur dioxide) that the Taj Mahal could handle without sustaining everlasting damage. Petitions of Indian environmentalists have led to a series of court challenges in the Indian Supreme Court and lower courts. The conflict has often pitted business and labor interests against environmentalists and preservationists as well as India's need to protect its cultural heritage versus its need to provide jobs for its citizens. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 

To

study

the

implementing

role

of

U.P

Environmental

Pollution

Control

Laws

rules

and

Board

within

in the

jurisdiction of the state of Uttar Pradesh. 

To study and identify the need for Forest management in Uttar Pradesh.



To

study

the

environmental

protection of the Taj Mahal.

measures

proposed

for

the

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data Sources My project will mainly comprises of secondary data sources like leading dailies, Times of India, Hindustan Times and books on Environmental Conservation, etc. Besides these I will take references from different magazines like India Today,

Outlook,

The

Week

etc.

Different

websites

will

constitute the most important source of data. Primary Data will be gathered by interviewing the officials of Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board and State Tourism Department. Research Approach The

research

environmental

will

aim

issues

to in

first Uttar

list

down

Pradesh

the

with

various specific

reference to forests and Taj Mahal and than will list the initiatives and measures taken by various authorities to protect the forests and monument of the state.