Synopsis Bharti Airtel Project

PREEBV TVAKLKLO ^VMIB@T VB^MVT ML

–Ptrd{ mg `mlprebv ~bv`b~tkml ald fbjawkmrv tm alac{pb tjb eavhbt ~mtbltkac mg Fjavtk Akvtbc Ctd,‛p @bccrcav Pbvwk`bp kl Iak~rv―

@avvkbd ml at

Fjavtk Akvtbc Ctd, @mccbob cmom

P[LM^PKP Prfekttbd kl ^avtkac grcgkceblt mg   Laeb mg `mrvpb TM

@mccbob laeb

Pr~bvwkpbd F{9

Prfekttbd F{9

1

TAFCB MG @MLTBLTP ^aob lrefbv    

A`hlmwcbdobeblt ^vbga`b Kltvmdr`tkml @me~a me~al{ l{ ^vmgk vmgkcb cb99 … … … …



Kltvmdr`tkml tm `me~al{ Jkptmv{ Awavdp ' Vb`molktkml ^vmdr`t ' Pbvk`bp

^vmib`t ^vmgkcb9 Eavhbt Alac{pkp mg `me~al{9 … …



0 4 2 7%10 7%10

^vmdr`tp ' Pbvk`bp P_MT Alac{pkp

Vbpbav`j Ebtjmdmcmo{9 … … …

     

14%12

17%1? P`m~b Mfib`tkb J{~mtjbpkp

Vbkbw mg cktbvatrvb Vbpbav`j Dbpkol ' Klptvreblt Pae~cklo Tb`jlkqrb Data @mccb`tkml Ckektatkml Fkfckmova~j{-Vbgbvbl`bp

1:%1; 6> 61 66 60 64

6

A@HLM_CBDOBEBLT

–Pr``bppgrc ~appaob ald mrt`mebp mg bwbv{ mvh `mebp ktj dbdk`atkml# dbtbveklatkml ald tbae mvh, Acc tjbpb trvl grtkcb kl afpbl`b mg a wkpkmlav{ orkdal`b,―

@me~cbtklo a taph kp a lbbv a mlb%eal bggmvt, Kt kp mgtbl tjb vbprct mg acrafcb `mltvkfrtkml mg a lrefbv mg kldkkdracp kl a dkvb`t mv kldkvb`t eallbv tjat jbc~p ml pja~klo ald a`jkbklo al mfib`tkb, Al{ imf kl tjkp wmvcd jmwbbv tvkkac mv tmroj `allmt fb a``me~ckpjbd wktjmrt tjb appkptal`b mg  mtjbv, K wmrcd jbvbf{ tahb tjb m~~mvtrlkt{ tm bz~vbpp e{ kldbftbdlbpp tm ~bm~cb wjm jab jbc~bd eb tm a``me~ckpj tjkp taph, Gkvpt Gkvpt mg acc# K bztbld bztbld e{ mbvwjbce mbvwjbceklo klo ovatktr ovatktrdb db tm laeb mg pr~bvwkp pr~bvwkpmv mv gmv okklo eb al m~~mvtrlkt{ tm wmvh kl tjkp bptbbebd mvoalkyatkml# wjk`j lmt mlc{ kl`vbapbd e{ awavblbpp afmrt Tbcb`me Pb`tmv frt acpm oab eb a ommd ~catgmve tm ~va`tk`acc{ a~~c{ tjb eavhbtklo `ml`b~tp  ,

K ae bv{ bv{ ovat ovatbg bgrc rc tm pr~~mvtbv # gmv ~vmkdkl ~vmkdklo o pr~~mvt# pr~~mvt# acrafcb acrafcb orkdal`b orkdal`b ald ebtk`rc ebtk`rcmrp mrp pr~bvkpkml drvklo tjb ~vb~avatkml mg tjkp ^vmib`t Vb~mvt wjk`j jbc~bd eb a cmt tm eahb tjkp  ~vmib`t, K ae acpm tjalhgrc tm artjmvkt{ mg Akvtbc gmv ~vmkdklo eb tjb klgmveatkml,

 Laeb mg ptrdblt

0

^VBGA@B

Tjb preebv tvaklklo mg a ealaobeblt ealaobeblt ptrdblt ~ca{p al ke~mvtalt ke~mvtalt vmcb tm dbbcm~ jke kltm a wbcc ovmmebd ~vmgbppkmlac, Kt okbp tjbmvbtk`ac `ml`b~tp a ~va`tk`ac pja~b kl a gkbcd mg a~~ck`atkmlp, Kt okbp al kdba mg d{laek` ' bvpatkcb ~vmgbppkmlac wmvcd ap wbcc ap al bz~mprvb tm tjb kltvk`a`kbp ' `me~cbzktkbp mg `mv~mvatb wmvcd, Ap ~avt mg tjb `rvvk`rcre# tjb ptrdbltp mg `mrvpb laeb jad tm rldbvom tvaklklo gmv 42 da{p, E{ preebv tvaklklo tvaklklo gmv 42 da{p kl Fjavtk Akvtbc Ckektbd# Ckektbd# Iak~rv wap a cbavlklo bz~bvkbl`b bz~bvkbl`b tm pbb jmw tjb `me~al{ ~vmkdbp ktp ~vmdr`tp ' pbvk`bp tm ktp bzkptklo ' ~mtbltkac ~mtbltkac `rptmebvp ' `mlpkptbltc{ `mlpkptbltc{ hbb~p al b{b ml ktp `rptmebv pbvk`b qrackt{ kl mvdbv tm tjmvmrojc{ wmvh r~ml attaklklo tjb `rptmebv patkpga`tkml ' eakltaklklo cmlo tbve `rptmebv `meekteblt ald vbcatkmlpjk~,

Tjb mfib`t mg tvaklklo kp tm ~vmkdb tjb ptrdbltp wktj al klpkojt tm ~va`tk`ac ap~b`tp mg mvoalkyatkml wmvhk wmvhklo lo ald blkvm blkvmle leblt blt,, Pr`j Pr`j t{~b t{~b mg tvak tvaklkl lklo o jbc~p jbc~p ptrdbl ptrdbltp tp tm wmvh wmvh kl vbac vbac kldrp kldrptv tvka kacc blkvm blkvmle leblt blt## ald tm oakl oakl ~va`t ~va`tk` k`ac ac hlm hlmwc wcbdo bdobb ald frkcd frkcd `mlgk `mlgkdbl dbl`b `b wjk`j wjk`j jbc~p jbc~p kl tjbkv  tjbkv   ~bvpmlackt{ dbbcm~eblt, Tjb ~vmib`t akep at rldbvptaldklo tjb ~bv`b~tkml ald fbjakmrv mg `rptmebvp tmwavdp Fjavtk Akvtbc‛p pbvk`bp ald mtjbv pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp kl tbcb`me kldrptv{# tm alac{pb tjb eavhbt ~mtbltkac mg  Fjavtk Akvtbc, Vbpbav`j jap dbemlptvatbd dbemlptvatbd `ml`crpkbc{ `ml`crpkbc{ tjat kt kp gav emvb `mptc{ tm wkl a lbw `rptmebv tjal kt kp tm eakltakl al bzkptklo mlb, Ald tjbvb kp lm fbttbv wa{ tm vbtakl a `rptmebv tjal tm bz`bbd jkp bz~b`tatkmlp, bz~b`tatkmlp, Gmv tjkp ~rv~mpb kt kp bppbltkac bppbltkac tm hlmw tjb cbbc mg `rptmebv patkpga`tkml, patkpga`tkml, Tjb gm`rp mg e{ vbpbav`j wap tjb ebaprvbeblt mg `rptmebv patkpga`tkml cbbc gmv tjb pbvk`bp ~vmkdbd f{ Fjavtk Akvtbc, , Tjb eakl mfib`tkb mg tjb ptrd{ wkcc fb tm hlmw jmw tjb `rptmebvp mg AKVTBC  ~bv`bkb ktp Pbvk`bp kl Iak~rv `kt{# jmw er`j tjb{ avb patkpgkbd wktj tjb pbvk`bp ~vmkdbd f{ AKVTBC AKVTBC ald acpm tm kdbltkg{ tjb ga`tmvp aggb`tklo tjb ~vbgbvbl`bp mg tjb `rptmebvp, `rptmebvp, Tjb pae~cklo pae~cklo tb`j tb`jlk lkqr qrbb gmv gmv tjkp tjkp ptrd ptrd{ { wkcc wkcc fb pke~ pke~cb cb vald valdme me pae~ pae~ck cklo lo ald ald tjb tjb pae~ pae~cb cb pkyb pkyb wkcc wkcc fb 2>,Qrbptkmllakvb wkcc fb rpbd ap a tmmc gmv obttklo ~vkeav{ data, Tjb vbpbav`j bvkgkbp tjb ga`t tjat hbb~klo tjb `rptmebv patkpgkbd kp tjb fbpt ptvatbo{ tm lmt mlc{ vbtaklp tjb bzkptklo `rptmebvp frt acpm tm bz~ald tjb frpklbpp tm lbw jmvkymlp,

4

KLTVMDR@TKML Akvtbc `mebp tm {mr gvme Fjavtk @bccrcav Ckektbd % a ~avt mg tjb fkoobpt ~vkatb kltbovatbd kltbovatbd tbcb`me `mlocmebvatb# `mlocmebvatb# Fjavtk Bltbv~vkpbp, Fjavtk ~vmkdbp a valob mg tbcb`me pbvk`bp# wjk`j kl`crdb @bccrcav# Fapk`# Kltbvlbt ald vb`bltc{ kltvmdr`bd Latkmlac Cmlo Dkptal`b, Fjavtk acpm ealrga`trvbp ald bz~mvtp tbcb~jmlb tbveklacp ald `mvdcbpp ~jmlbp, A~avt gvme fbklo tjb cavobpt ealrga`trvbv mg tbcb~jmlb klptvrebltp kl Kldka# kt kp acpm tjb gkvpt `me~al{ tm bz~mvt ktp  ~vmdr`tp tm tjb RPA, Fjavtk kp tjb cbadklo `bccrcav pbvk`b ~vmkdbv# wktj a gmmt~vklt kl 12 ptatbp `mbvklo acc gmrv ebtvmp ald emvb tjal ? ekcckml patkpgkbd `rptmebvp Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp fbckbbp tjat tjb dbeald gmv emfkcb pbvk`bp kl Kldka wkcc `mltklrb tm ovmw va~kdc{ ap a vbprct mg tjb gmccmwklo ga`tmvp9

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Cmwbv tavkggp ald jaldpbt ~vk`bp mbv tkeb8 Ovmwtj kl ~vb%~akd `rptmebv `atbomv{8 Ovbatbv b`mlmek` ovmwtj ald `mltklrbd dbbcm~eblt mg Kldka/p b`mlme{8 Jkojbv qrackt{ emfkcb lbtwmvhp ald pbvk`bp8 ald Ovbatbv avkbt{ ald rpaob mg acrb addbd pbvk`bp

Tjb ~vmib`t akep at rldbvpta rldbvptaldkl ldklo o tjb Eavhbtk Eavhbtklo lo ptvatbo ptvatbokbp kbp mg Akvtbc Akvtbc ald Ptrd{ Ptrd{ mg `mlprebv  `mlprebv   ~bv`b~tkml  ~bv`b~tkml ald fbjakmrv tm alac{pb eavhbt eavhbt ~mtbltkac mg Fjavtk Akvtbc Ctd, kl Iak~rv, Vbpbav`j jap dbemlptvatbd `ml`crpkbc{ tjat kt kp gav emvb `mptc{ tm wkl a lbw `rptmebv tjal kt kp tm eakltakl al bzkptklo mlb, Ald tjbvb kp lm fbttbv wa{ tm vbtakl a `rptmebv tjal tm bz`bbd jkp bz~b`tatkmlp, Gmv  tjkp ~rv~mpb kt kp bppbltkac tm hlmw tjb cbbc mg `rptmebv patkpga`tkml, Tjb gm`rp mg e{ vbpbav`j wap tjb ebaprvbeblt mg `rptmebv patkpga`tkml cbbc gmv tjb pbvk`bp ~vmkdbd f{ Fjavtk Akvtbc, Tjb eakl mfib`tkb mg tjb ptrd{ wap tm hlmw jmw tjb `rptmebvp mg AKVTBC ~bv`bkb ~bv`bkb ktp Pbvk`bp kl Iak~rv `kt{# jmw er`j tjb{ avb patkpgkbd wktj tjb pbvk`bp ~vmkdbd f{ AKVTBC ald acpm tm kdbltkg{ tjb ga`tmvp aggb`tklo tjb ~vbgbvbl`bp mg tjb `rptmebvp, Tjb pae~cklo tb`jlkqrb rpbd gmv tjkp ptrd{ wap pke~cb valdme pae~cklo ald tjb pae~cb pkyb wap 2>,Qrbptkmllakvb 2>,Qrbptkmllakvb kp rpbd ap a tmmc gmv obttklo ~vkeav{ data,Tjb vbpbav`j bvkg{ tjb ga`t tjat hbb~klo tjb `rptmebv `rptmebv patkpgkbd kp tjb  fbpt ptvatbo{ tm lmt mlc{ vbtakl tjb bzkptklo `rptmebvp frt acpm tm bz~ald tjb frpklbpp tm lbw jmvkymlp,

2

@ME^AL[ ^VMGKCB Kltvmdr`tkml tm @me~al{ Fjavtk Akvtbc Ckektbd

T{~b

^rfck` *FPB FPB99 206424 206424++

Kldrptv{

Tbcb`meerlk`atkmlp

Gmrldbd

? Irc{ 1;;2

Gmrldbv*p+

Prlkc Fjavtk Ekttac

Jbadqravtbvp

 Lbw Dbcjk# Dbcjk# Kldka

Avba pbvwbd

Apka ' Agvk`al `mrltvkbp @jakveal++ ' *ED *ED++ Prlkc Ekttac *@jakveal Palia{ Ha~mmv *@BM @BM++

Hb{ ~bm~cb

^vmdr`tp

_kvbcbpp

Kltbvlbt Tbcb~jmlb Patbccktb tbcbkpkml

Lbt kl`meb

▶ RP$ 1,776 fkcckml *6>>;+

Tmtac appbtp

▶ RP$ 11,:20 fkcckml *6>>;+X Fjavtk Bltbv~vkpbp *70,27"+

^avblt

PkloTbc *06,>4"+ Wmdagmlb *4,4"+

7

Frpklbpp Dbp`vk~tkml

^vmkdbp emfkcb pbvk`bp kl acc tjb 66 tbcb`me `kv`cbp kl Kldka# Pvkcalha ald Falocadbpj, _ap tjb gkvpt ~vkatb m~bvatmv tm jab al acc Kldka ~vbpbl`b, ^vmkdbp tbcbebdka pbvk`bp *gkzbd cklb ald fvmadfald pbvk`bp tjvmroj DPC+ kl :; `ktkbp kl Kldka, Acpm mggbvp DTJ ald K^TW pbvk`bp,

@rptmebv Fapb 10>#717#4:? OPE emfkcb ald 0#>;6#>>; Tbcbebdka @rptmebvp *ptatrp ap ml A~v 0># 6>1>+

M~bvatkmlac Lbtmvh 

^vmkdbp OPE emfkcb pbvk`bp kl acc tjb 66 tbcb`me `kv`cbp kl Kldka# Pvkcalha ald Falocadbpj _ap tjb gkvpt  ~vkatb m~bvatmv tm jab al acc Kldka ~vbpbl`b, ^vmkdbp tbcbebdka pbvk`bp *gkzbd cklb+ kl :; `ktkbp kl Kldka,

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FPB9 206424+ gmvebvc{ hlmwl ap Fjavtk Fjavtk Fjavtk Akvtbc Akvtbc Ckektbd Ckektbd *FPB9 Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbl Tbcb%Wbltrvb trvbpp CTD *FTWC+ kp al Kldkal `me~al{ mggbvklo tbc`meerlk`atkml pbvk`bp kl 1: `mrltvkbp, Kt tjb cavobpt `bccrcav pbvk`b ~vmkdbv kl Kldka# Kldka# wktj emvb tjal 102 ekcckml prfp`vk~tkmlp ap mg Ea{ 6>1>, Fjavtk Akvtbc kp tjb wmvcd/p tjkvd cavobpt# pklocb%`mrltv{ emfkcb m~bvatmv ald gkgtj cavobpt tbcb`me m~bvatmv kl tjb wmvcd kl tbvep mg prfp`vkfbv fapb, Kt acpm mggbvp gkzbd cklb pbvk`bp ald fvmadfald pbvk`bp, Kt mggbvp ktp tbcb`me pbvk`bp rldbv  tjb Akvtbc fvald ald kp jbadbd f{ Prlkc Fjavtk Ekttac, Ekttac, Tjb `me~al{ `me~al{ acpm ~vmkdb ~vmkdbpp tbcb~jm tbcb~jmlb lb pbvk`bp pbvk`bp ald fvmadfal fvmadfald d Kltbvlbt Kltbvlbt a``bpp *DPC+ *DPC+ kl mbv :; `ktkbp kl Kldka, Kt acpm a`tp ap a `avvkbv gmv latkmlac ald kltbvlatkmlac cmlo dkptal`b `meerlk`atkml pbvk`bp, Tjb `me~al{ `me~al{ jap a prfeavkl prfeavklbb `afcb `afcb caldklo caldklo ptatkml ptatkml at @jbllak @jbllak## wjk`j wjk`j `mllb`t `mllb`tpp tjb prfeavklb `afcb `mllb`tklo @jbllak ald Pkloa~mvb, Pkloa~mvb, Kt kp hlmwl gmv fbklo tjb gkvpt emfkcb ~jmlb `me~al{ kl tjb wmvcd tm mrtpmrv`b bbv{tjklo bbv{tjklo bz`b~t eavhbtklo ald pacbp, Ktp lbtwmvh *fapb ptatkmlp# ek`vmwab cklhp# bt`,+ kp eakltaklbd  f{ Bvk`ppml ald   Lmhka Pkbeblp Lbtwmvh # frpklbpp pr~~mvt f{ KFE ald tvalpekppkml tmwbvp f{ almtjbv `me~al{, Bvk`ppml aovbbd gmv tjb gkvpt tkeb# tm fb ~akd f{ tjb eklrtb gmv klptaccatkml ald eakltblal`b mg tjbkv bqrk~eblt vatjbv tjal fbklo ~akd r~ gvmlt, Tjkp blafcbp tjb `me~al{ tm ~vmkdb  ~al%Kldka ~jmlb `acc vatbp mg Vp, 1-eklrtb *R$>,>6-eklrtb+,

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Tjb `me~ Tjb `me~al{ al{ kp ptvr` ptvr`trv trvbd bd kltm kltm gmrv gmrv ptvat ptvatbo bok` k` frpkl frpklbpp bpp rlktp rlktp % Em Emfk fkcb# cb# Tbcbe Tbcbebdk bdka# a# Bltbv~vkpb ald Dkoktac TW, Tjb emfkcb emfkcb frpklbpp frpklbpp mggbvp mggbvp pbvk`bp pbvk`bp kl 1: `mrltvkb `mrltvkbpp a`vmpp a`vmpp tjb Kldkal Prf`mltklblt ald Agvk`a, Agvk`a, Tjb Tbcbebdka frpklbpp ~vmkdbp fvmadfald# K^TW ald tbcb~jmlb pbvk`bp kl :; Kldkal `ktkbp, Tjb Dkoktac TW frpklbpp ~vmkdbp Dkvb`t%tm%Jmeb TW pbvk`bp a`vmpp Kldka, Tjb Bltbv~v Bltbv~vkpb kpb frpklbpp frpklbpp ~vmkdbp ~vmkdbp bld%tm%b bld%tm%bld ld tbcb`me tbcb`me pmcrtkml pmcrtkmlpp tm `mv~mvat `mv~mvatbb `rptmeb `rptmebvp vp ald latkmlac ald kltbvlatkmlac cmlo dkptal`b pbvk`bp tm tbc`mp, Ocmfacc{# Fjavtk Akvtbc kp tjb 0vd cavobpt kl%`mrltv{ emfkcb m~bvatmv f{ prfp`vkfbv fapb#  fbjkld @jkla Emfkcb ald @jkla Rlk`me, Kl Kldka# tjb `me~al{ jap a 0>,?" pjavb mg tjb wkvbcbpp pbvk`bp eavhbt

Fjavtk Akvtbc kp …

0vd cavobpt kl%`mrltv{ emfkcb m~bvatmv kl tjb wmvcd

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7tj cavobpt kl%`mrltv{ kltbovatbd tbcb`me m~bvatmv kl tjb wmvcd

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Valhbd lrefbv 2 kl tjb fbpt ~bvgmveklo tb`jlmcmo{ `me~alkbp kl tjb wmvcd f{ Frpklbpp_bbh 

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Kldka‛p empt kllmatkb `me~al{ f{ _acc Ptvbbt Imrvlac

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_kllbv mg Oaccr~ Ovbat wmvh~ca`b gmv fbklo mlb mg tjb fbpt ~ca`bp tm wmvh wmvcdwkdb

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Valhbd 1:: kl tjb GT 2>> wmvcd‛p cavobpt `me~alkbp 6>>; valhbd f{ Gklal`kac Tkebp

:

JKPTMV[ MG AKVTBC Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp wap kl`mv~mvatbd ml Irc{ ?# 1;;2 ap a `me~al{ wktj ckektbd ckafkckt{ rldbv tjb @me~alkbp A`t# gmv ~vmemtklo tbcb`meerlk`atkmlp pbvk`bp,Tjb @me~al{ wap klktkacc{ gmvebd ap a _jmcc{%mwlbd prfpkdkav{ mg Fjavtk Tbcb`me Ckektbd, Kl 1;;2# Fjavtk @bccrcav carl`jbd `bccrcav pbvk`bp /Akvtbc/ kl Dbcjk, @acbldav {bav ' Bwbltp* [bav 6>>1 mlavdp+ 6>>1

% Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp a`qrkvbd a 44" bqrkt{ kltbvbpt kl Fjavtk @bccrcav gvme Fvktkpj Tbcb`me# tjbvbf{ eahklo Fjavtk @bccrcav ktp 1>>" prfpkdkav{ % Fjavtk @bccrcav @bccrcav bltbvbd kltm ck`blpb aovbbebltp tm ~vmkdb `bccrcav pbvk`bp kl bkojt lbw `kv`cbp gmccmwklo tjb gmrvtj m~bvatmv `bccrcav ck`blpb fkddklo ~vm`bpp, 6>>6

%Bltbvp kltm a 2%{bav aovbbeblt wktj Bp`mtbc ald BTC mg tjb Bp`mvtp ovmr~ tm `mltva`t cbapbd cklb @mllb`tkkt{ gmv ktp `bccrcav m~bvatkmlp, %K@K@K Falh tkbp r~ wktj Fjavtk gmv ~vb%~akd emfkcb `avdp ka ATEp %Prlkc Ekttac# @jakveal ' Ealaoklo Dkvb`tmv mg tjb `me~al{# faop Frpklbppeal mg tjb {bav awavd f{ Frpklbpp Kldka 6>>0

%Fjavtk Emfktbc Ctd, ebvobd wktj Fjavtk @bccrcav Ctd, ald Fjavtk `bccrcav wjmcc{ mwlbd prfpkdkav{ mg  Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp kl`vbapbp ktp ptahb tm 1>>" kl Fjavtk Emfkcb, %Cklhp dkptvkfrtkml ~a`t wktj Jatjwa{ @afcb, _ktj tjkp acckal`b# Fjavtk kp pakd tm fb tjb gkvpt tbcb`me gkve tm ptb~ kltm tbcbkpkml dkptvkfrtkml pbvk`bp 6>>4

%Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp bltbvp kltm a tjvbb {bav pbvk`b aovbbeblt wktj Bvk`ppml %Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp *FTWC+ jap pkolbd ald vb`bkbd rlkgkbd a``bpp pbvk`b ck`bl`b tm ~vmkdb OPE pbvk`bp kl gkb `kv`cbp kl`crdklo Rttav ^vadbpj *Bapt+# _bpt Fbloac ' Aldaeal Lk`mfav# Mvkppa# Fkjav  ald Iaeer ' Hapjekv, %Kldka/p cbadklo `bccrcav `me~al{ Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp jap faoobd tjb Apkal EmfkcbLbwp m~bvatmv mg  Tjb {bav awavd kl Kldka ald tjb Prf`mltklblt, %Fjavtk Tbcbbltrvbp allmrl`bd gmveatkml mg a lbw ptvatbok` frpklbpp rlkt tm mggbv avkmrp tbcb`me ald KT Pbvk`bp tjvmroj a pklocb `mltva`t, 6>>2

%Akvtbc carl`jbp kdbm pbvk`bp gmv ktp O^VP `rptmebvp ml Gbfvrav{ 66# 6>>2 %Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp carl`jbp tbcb`me lbtwmvh kl Aldaeal ' Lk`mfav  %FTWC rlbkc gkzbd cklb# fvmadfald pbvk`bp %Fjavtk Tbcb Wbltrvbp % Akvtbc kltvmdr`bp Fca`hFbvv{ @mllb`t kl Kldka %Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp carl`jbp rldbv pba `afcb p{ptbe,

;

6>>7

%Akvtbc rlbkcp Vb 1 PTD ~calp ald carl`jbp LbtZ~bvt ' ^mpt6^vb vb`javoklo pbvk`b, %Akvtbc pbtp r~ `rptmebv `bltvb %Emfkcb pbvk`b ~vmkdbv Akvtbc tmda{ allmrl`bd tjb carl`j mg nPab E{ ^jmlb @mlta`t/ pbvk`b gmv ktp ~vb%~akd ald ~mpt%~akd `rptmebvp kl Dbcjk %Fjavtk Tbcb Wbltrvbp faop /_kvbcbpp Pbvk`b ^vmkdbv mg tjb [bav/ ' /@me~btktkb Pbvk`b ^vmkdbv mg  tjb [bav/ awavdp %Prlkc Ekttac faop @BM mg tjb [bav awavd %@bccbfvre ald Ek`vmpmgt imkl jaldp wktj Akvtbc 6>>?

%Fjavtk Akvtbc ml Gbf 11# jap fbbl awavdbd Q@K%DC Pjaj Latkmlac Awavd ml B`mlmek`p mg Qrackt{, %Fjavtk Akvtbc Ctd ml A~vkc >1# 6>>?# jap allmrl`bd tjb vbdr`tkml kl Kltbvlatkmlac Cmlo Dkptal`b Tavkggp *KPD+ gmv acc ktp emfkcb `rptmebvp kl Kldka, %Akvtbc pkolp aovbbeblt wktj JT@ gmv tmr`j p`vbbl emfkcb, 6>>:

% Lmhka Pkbeblp Lbtwmvhp ml Ial 0 db`cavbd tjat kt jap fbbl awavdbd a erctk ekcckml brvm `mltva`t gvme Fjavtk Akvtbc Ctd gmv db~cm{eblt mg a pklocb kltbva`tkb mk`b vbp~mlpb *KWV+ ~catgmve a`vmpp 60 `kv`cbp, , Tjb lbw KWV pmcrtkml wkcc blafcb Akvtbc tm dbckbv pbvk`bp pr`j ap mk`b PEP# tbcbmtklo# `acc Ealaobeblt pbvk`bp# `accbv vklo fa`h tmlb ald mk`b ~mvtac ml a gaptbv tkeb%tm%eavhbt fapkp ald# tjbvbgmvb# vbdr`b M^BZ `mptp, % Fjavtk Akvtbc tkbd r~ wktj RP%fapbd A~~cb Kl` tm fvklo tjb ~m~rcav OPE%fapbd k^jmlb kl tjb `mrltv{, % Fjavtk Akvtbc Ctd jap gmvobd a tb`jlmcmo{ acckal`b wktj Klgmp{p Tb`jlmcmokbp Ctd tm carl`j ktp DTJ Tbcbkpkml pbvk`bp, Klgmp{p# tjvmroj ktp dkoktac `mlbvobl`b ~catgmve# wkcc mggbv a prktb mg ~vmdr`tp Kl`crdklo dbk`bp# a~~ck`atkml pbvbvp al kltbva`tkb a~~ck`atkmlp gmv Akvtbc/p DTJ pbvk`bp, 6>>;

% Fjavtk Akvtbc JAP pkolbd a gkb%{bav ealaobd pbvk`bp dbac acrbd at > ekcckml wktj Ac`atbc Cr`blt gmv  Ktp gkzbd%cklb ald fvmadfald m~bvatkmlp, % Fjavtk Akvtbc carl`jbd tjb /Akvtbc Adaltaob/ klktkatkb, Tjb klktkatkb kp akebd at mggbvklo tjb addbd adaltaob tm Akvtbc `rptmebvp tm fb kl tmr`j wktj ba`j mtjbv at al aggmvdafcb vatb mg 2> ~akpb ~bv eklrtb fb kt a latkmlac cmlo dkptal`b `acc *PTD+ mv a cm`ac `acc, % Kl mvdbv tm `vbatb ~vmdr`tp ald pbvk`bp gmv tjb peacc# ebdkre ald cavob bltbv~vkpbp# Fjavtk Akvtbc ald @kp`m allmrl`bd a ptvatbok` frpklbpp acckal`b, Tjb acckal`b wmrcd `mefklb tjb ptvblotjp mg Akvtbc/p lbtwmvh pbvk`b ald @kp`m/ Kltbvlbt ^vmtm`mc *K^+ tb`jlmcmokbp, % Fjavtk Akvtbc % Akvtbc ald e@jbh allmrl`b ekcbptmlb mg Mlb Ekcckml rpbvp8 kltvmdr`b a fvmad valob mg lbw e@meebv`b pbvk`bp, 6>1>

% Fjavtk Akvtbc jap ~avtlbvbd wktj RP%fapbd pmgtwavb eahbv WEwavb Kl`, Kt jap dmlb tjkp kl mvdbv tm gm`rp ml tjb `cmrd%fapbd ealaobd `me~rtbv pbvk`bp eavhbt, % Fjavtk Akvtbc# Kldka/p Lm,1 `bccrcav `avvkbv jap wml fvmadfald p~b`tvre kl gmrv `kv`cbp, Bavckbv# Fjavtk jap pakd tjat kt jad tkbd r~ tjb bltkvb gklal`klo vbqrkvbeblt mg ,0 fl gmv tjb ~callbd fr{# tjvmroj a pbvkbp mg falhp,

1>

A_AVDP ALD VB@MOLKTKML Gmv tjb [bav 6>1> % 6>11 ‚ Empt ^vbgbvvb ^vbgbvvbd d @bccrcav @bccrcav Pbvwk`b Pbvwk`b ^vmwkdbv  ^vmwkdbv   Akvtbc jap wml tjb ‚Empt Fvald‛ Fvald‛ awavd at tjb @LF@ Awaay @mlprebv Awavdp kl Erefak, Tjkp kp 7tj {bav kl a vmw tjat Akvtbc jap wml tjb awavd kl tjkp `atbom `atbomv{, v{,Tjb Tjb awavdp awavdp wbvb wbvb fapbd fapbd ml al bzjarp bzjarptk tkb b `mlpre `mlprebv  bv  prvb{ prvb{ dmlb dmlb f{ Tjb Lkbcpbl Lkbcpbl @me~al{,M @me~al{,Mbv bv 0#>>> `mlprebvp# `mlprebvp# a`vmpp 1; `ktkbp ' 17 ptatbp kl Kldka# vatbd fvaldp a`vmpp dkggbvblt `atbomvkbp tm `jmmpb fvaldp dbckbvklo tvrb acrb gmv emlb{,  Fjavtk Akvtbc jap vb`bkbd tjb ~vbptkokmrp Frpklbppmvcd%GK@@K%

PBDG @mv~mvatb Pm`kac Vbp~mlpkfkckt{ Aavdp 6>>;%6>1>, Tjb GK@@K GK@@K Pm`km Pm`km B`mlmek` B`mlmek` Dbbcm~e Dbbcm~eblt blt Gmrldatk Gmrldatkml ml *GK@@K%PBD *GK@@K%PBDG+ G+ ald Frpklbppwmvcd @PV awavd wap klptktrtbd kl 1;;; tm vb`molkyb bzbe~cav{ vbp~mlpkfcb vbp~mlpkfcb frpklbpp ~va`tk`bp f{ tjb Kldkal Kldrptv{,

Gmv tjb [bav 6>>; % 6>1> 

Fjavtk Akvtbc vatbd ap Kldka‛p K ldka‛p Fbpt Bltbv~vkpb @mllb`tkkt{ ^vmkdbv  gmv 6>>; at tjb Allrac Rpbvp‛ @jmk`b Awavdp klptktrtbd f{ ^@ Qrbpt,



Fjavtk Akvtbc jap fbbl vb`molkybd ap tjb Fbpt Ocmfac _jmcbpacb @avvkbv gmv 6>>; at t jb Tbcb`mep _mvcd Awavdp Ekddcb Bapt f{ Tbvva~kl,



Akvtbc wap vatbd ap tjb ‚Ptvmlobpt Fvald‛ kl tjb B`mlmek` Tkebp Fvald Gklal`b Fvald ^mwbv Vatklo 6>>;, Kt kp tjb mlc{ @mv~mvatb Fvald tm fb awavdbd tjb AAA vatklo



Prlkc Fjavtk Ekttac `mlgbvvbd wktj tjb Cac Fajadrv Pjaptvk Latkmlac Awavd gmv Bz`bccbl`b kl ^rfck` Adeklkptvatkml# A`adbek`p ald Ealaobeblt,



Akvtbc valhbd pb`mld kl tjb B`mlmek` Tkebp%Fvald Bqrkt{ Empt Tvrptbd Fvald Prvb{ 6>>;,



Fjavtk Akvtbc valhbd Kldka‛p pb`mld empt acrafcb `me~al{# f{ Frpklbpp Tmda{ kl 6>>;,



Fjavtk Akvtbc ckptbd kl Gmvfbp Apka‛p Gafrcmrp 2> `me~alkbp# 6>>; ml lrefbv pkztj ~mpktkml,



Fjavtk Akvtbc wap vb`molkybd ap tjb ‚Pbvk`b ^vmkdbv mg tjb [bav‛ ald ‚_kvbcbpp Pbvk`b ^vmkdbv ^vmkdbv mg tjb [bav‛ at tjb Gvmpt ' Prcckal Apka ^a`kgk` K@T Awavdp 6>>;,



Fjavtk Akvtbc faoobd tjb Fbpt @avvkbv Kldka Awavd ald tjb Mre Tbc`m%Tvalpgmveatkml Tbc`m%Tvalpgmveatkml Awavd at tjb Tbcb`me Apka Awavdp 6>>;,

11



Fjavtk Akvtbc wap valhbd pkztj aemlo tjb tm~ 1>> fbpt ~bvgmveklo tb`jlmcmo{ `me~alkbp kl tjb wmvcd# `me~kcbd f{ Frpklbpp_bbh gmv  tjb {bav 6>>;, Tjb `me~al{ kp ~ca`bd ajbad mg ocmfac tb`jlmcmo{ cbadbvp ckhb A~~cb *1;+# Ek`vmpmgt *66+ ald Ommocb *0?+ kl tjkp bz`crpkb ckpt,



Prlkc Ekttac vb`bkbd tjb Eadvap Ealaobeblt Appm`katkml *EEA+ Frpklbpp Cbadbvpjk~ Awavd gmv 6>>:%>; gmv vbmcrtkmlkpklo vbmcrtkmlkpklo Kldkal tbcb`me,



Fjavtk Akvtbc wap pbcb`tbd ap mlb mg tjb tm~ 1> wkllbvp mg tjb KD@ Bltbv~vkpb Kllmatkml KT Awavdp 6>>; a`vmpp A^A@ vbokml gmv ktp FPP Tvalpgmveatkml ^vmib`t,



Prlkc Ekttac wap awavdbd tjb Ocmfac B`mlme{ ^vkyb f{ Tjb Hkbc Klptktrtb *Obveal{+,



Prlkc Ekttac wap `mlgbvvbd wktj tjb dbovbb mg Dm`tmv mg Cawp Jmlmvkp @arpa f{ tjb Rlkbvpkt{ mg Cbbdp# RH,



Fjavtk Akvtbc vb`bkbd tjb ‚Fbpt @mltblt Pbvk`b‛ Awavd gmv tjb Akvtbc%KGG@M Gavebv Klgmveatkml Dkppbeklatkml Dkppbeklatkml ^catgmve at tjb _mvcd @meerlk`atkmlp Awavdp kl Cmldml,

 Fjavtk Akvtbc jap fbbl vb`molkybd ap tjb Fbpt Ocmfac _jmcbpacb

@avvkbv gmv @avvkbv gmv 6>>; at tjb Tbcb`mep _mvcd Awavdp Ekddcb Bapt, Tbcb`mep _mvcd kp mlb mg tjb gcaopjk~ allrac awavdp f{ Tbvva~kl# mlb mg tjb t jb cbadklo frpklbpp ebdka mvoalkyatkmlp gmv kltbvlatkmlac kltbvlatkmlac tbcb`me `avvkbvp ald pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp,  Fjavtk Akvtbc‛p cmw `mpt `me~rtklo dbk`b Akvtbc Lbt ^@ wap

vb`molkybd f{ Jkldrptal Tkebp ap mlb mg tjb ‚Tm~ ; Fbpt Tb`j ^vmdr`tp mg 6>>;‛, 6>>;‛,  Fjavtk Akvtbc jap fbbl valhbd aemlo pkz fbpt ~bvgmveklo

tb`jlmcmo{ `me~alkbp kl tjb wmvcd f{ Frpklbpp _bbh, Fjavtk Akvtbc wap awavdbd tjb Empt ^vbgbvvbd @bccrcav Pbvwk`b ^vmwkdbv  Aavd at tjb @LF@ Aaay @mlprebv Aavdp 6>>;,  Fjavtk Akvtbc jap fbbl awavdbd tjb LDTW ^vmgkt Frpklbpp

Cbadbvpjk~ Aavd 6>>; kl tjb Tbcb`me Pb`tmv, LDTW ^vmgkt Frpklbpp Cbadbvpjk~ Awavdp jab fbbl klptktrtbd t m awavd mvoalkyatkmlac mvoalkyatkmlac bz`bccbl`b, Tjb awavdp ~vmekpb tm a`hlmwcbdob tjb fbpt# tjb fvkojtbpt ald tjb t jb empt d{laek` mg Kldkal mvoalkyatkmlp mvoalkyatkmlp tjat jab bebvobd cbadbvp kl tjbkv vbp~b`tkb bvtk`acp, t jb Wmk`b ' Data 1>> Prvwb{#  Fjavtk Akvtbc faoobd tm~ jmlmrvp kl tjb kllklo gkwb mg tjb Wmk`b ' Data Tbcb`me Aavdp 6>>;, Fjavtk Akvtbc wap laebd tjb Tm~ Tbcb`me Pbvwk`bp ^vmwkdbv mg tjb  [bav 6>>;, Ealmi Hmjck# @BM ald Imklt ED mg Fjavtk Akvtbc# wap laebd tjb Wmk`b ' Data Tbcb`me ^bvpml mg tjb [bav 6>>;, Tjb Awavdp acpm laebd Fjavtk Akvtbc# tjb Tm~ WPAT ^ca{bv 6>>;# tjb Tm~ LCD ^ca{bv 6>>; ald Tm~ @bccrcav Pbvk`bp ^vmkdbv 6>>;

16

EAVHBT ALAC[PKP

^VMDR@T ' PBVWK@BP *Frpklbpp Dkwkpkmlp+

1,Emfkcb Pbvwk`bp 6,Tbcbebdka Pbvwk`bp 0,Bltbv~vkpb Pbvwk`bp 4,Dkoktac TW Pbvwk`bp

Fjavtk Akvtbc mggbvp OPE emfkcb pbvk`bp kl acc tjb 60%tbcb`me `kv`cbp mg Kldka ald kp tjb cavobpt emfkcb pbvk`b ~vmkdbv kl tjb `mrltv{# fapbd ml tjb lrefbv mg `rptmebvp,

Tjb ovmr~ mggbvp jkoj p~bbd fvmadfald kltbvlbt wktj a fbpt kl `capp lbtwmvh, _ktj Caldcklb pbvk`bp kl ;4 `ktkbp wb jbc~ {mr pta{ kl tmr`j wktj {mrv gvkbldp ' gaekc{ ald tjb wmvcd, Obt wmvcd % `capp bltbvtakleblt wktj Kldka‛p fbpt dkvb`t tm jmeb *DTJ+ pbvk`b dkoktac TW kl emvb tjal tjal 12> `ktkbp

Bltbv~vkpb Pbvk`bp ~vmkdbp a fvmad ~mvtgmckm mg  pbvk`bp tm cavob Bltbv~vkpb ald @avvkbv  `rptmebvp, Tjkp dkkpkml `me~vkpbp mg tjb @avvkbv  ald @mv~mvatb frpklbpp rlkt, Bltbv~vkpb Pbvk`bp kp vboavdbd ap tjb tvrptbd `meerlk`atkmlp ~avtlbv tm Kldka/p cbadklo mvoalkyatkmlp# jbc~klo tjbe tm ebbt tjb `jaccblobp mg ovmwtj,

Dkp`mbv tjb eaok`ac bz~bvkbl`b mg dkoktac bltbvakleblt wktj Akvtbc, Gvme DWD qrackt{ ~k`trvb ald pmrld#tjb fbpt ald wkdbpt avkbt{ mg `jallbcp ald ~vmovaeebp tm tjb fbpt ml%dbeald `mltblt ml Akvtbc Ckb# {mrv t kbwklo bz~bvkbl`b `jalob gmvbbv wktj dkoktac TW gvme Akvtbc!

10

Emfkcb Pbvwk`bp Akvtbc kp tjb laeb mg tjb `me~al{/p emfkcb emfkcb pbvk`bp fvald, Kt m~bvatbp kl 1: `mrltvkbp, Kt kp tjb 2tj cavobpt emfkcb m~bvatmv kl tjb wmvcd kl tbvep mg prfp`vkfbv fapb, Akvtbc/p lbtwmvh `mlpkptp mg 0O ald 6O pbvk`bp db~bldklo ml tjb `mrltv{ mg m~bvatkml, Fjavtk Akvtbc mggbvp OPE emfkcb pbvk`bp kl acc tjb 60%tbcb`me `kv`cbp mg Kldka ald kp tjb cavobpt emfkcb pbvk`b ~vmkdbv kl tjb `mrltv{# fapbd ml tjb lrefbv mg `rptmebvp Kl Kldka# Kldka# tjb `me~al{/p emfkcb pbvk`b kp fvaldbd ap Akvtbc, Kt jap latkmlwkdb ~vbpbl`b ald kp tjb eavhbt cbadbv wktj a eavhbt pjavb mg 0>,>?" *ap mg Ea{ 6>1>+, Ml 1; M`tmfbv 6>>4# Akvtbc allmrl`bd tjb carl`j mg a Fca`hFbvv{ _kvbcbpp Pmcrtkml kl Kldka, Tjb carl`j kp a vbprct mg a tkb%r~ fbtwbbl Fjavtk Tbcb%Wbltrvbp Ckektbd ald Vbpbav`j Kl Emtkml *VKE+, Tjb A~~cb k^jmlb 0O wap vmccbd mrt kl Kldka ml 66 Arorpt 6>>: f{ Akvtbc ' Wmdagmlb, Wmdagmlb, Fmtj tjb `bccrcav pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp vmccbd mrt tjbkv A~~cb tjbkv A~~cb k^jmlb 0OP kl tjb gkvpt qravtbv mg 6>1>, Jmwbbv# jkoj ~vk`bp ald `mltva`t fmldp dkp`mrvaobd `mlprebvp ald kt wap lmt ap pr``bppgrc gmv fmtj tjb pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp ap er`j ap tjb k^jmlb kp pr``bppgrc kl mtjbv eavhbtp mg tjb wmvcd, Ml Ea{ 1:# 6>1># 0O p~b`tvre ar`tkml wap `me~cbtbd ald Akvtbc wkcc jab tm ~a{ tjb Kldkal ombvleblt ombvleblt Vp, 16#6;2 `vmvbp gmv p~b`tvre kl 10 `kv`cbp# tjb empt aemrlt p~blt f{ al m~bvatmv kl tjkp ar`tkml, Akvtbc wml 0O ck`bl`bp kl 10 tbcb`me `kv`cbp mg Kldka9 Dbcjk# Dbcjk# Erefak# Erefak# Aldjva ^vadbpj# ^vadbpj# Havlataha# Havlataha# Taekc Taekc Ladr# Ladr# Rttav Rttav ^vadbpj ^vadbpj *_bpt+ *_bpt+## Vaiaptjal# Vaiaptjal# _bpt Fbloac Fbloac## Jkea`jac ^vadbpj# ^vadbpj# Fkjav # Appae# Appae# Lmvtj Bapt# Bapt# Iaeer ' Hapjekv , Kt ~calp tm carl`j 0O pbvk`bp kl M`tmfbv  6>1>,

14

P_MT ALAC[PKP Ptvblotj Eavhbt Cbadbv  … Vb`molkybd Ocmfacc{ … Ptvmlo Fvald Keaob … Ptvmlo Lbw Frpklbpp Dbbcm~eblt tbae … Ptvmlo Gklal`kacp … Cavobpt Tbcb`me ^ca{bv wktj 66,7" eavhbt pjavb … @mpt adaltaob … @rvvblt cbadbv kl qrackt{ pbvk`b … Cavobpt dkptvkfrtkml lbtwmvh  … Afkckt{ tm kllmatb `mlptaltc{ … Jkojc{ phkccbd wmvhgmv`b … Bltvb~vblbrvkac ybac …

_bahlbpp Mrtpmrv`klo mg `mvb p{ptbe … Lbtwmvh @mbvaob …

M~~mvtrlktkbp Cmw Fvmadfald ^blbtvatkml kl vrvac avba … Tbcb~jml{ … Fjavtk Klgvatbc ‐ @rttklo Dmwl `mpt kl vrvac avba … @rvvblt Tbcb%Dblpkt{ ‐ 0>,7 kp ptkcc cmw aemlo dbbcm~klo `mrltvkbp … Tm prptakl ~appkml ald `meekteblt … Akvtbc‛p eavhbt pjavb kl`vbapklo at mtjbv pbvk`b ~vmkdbv  … Attakl jkojbv acrb pbvk`bp … @mccafmvatkb frpklbpp lbbdp tm fb bz~cmvbd … Cmw ~blbtvatkml cbbc kl vrvac eavhbtp, …

Tjvbatp … … … … … …

Kltblpb @me~btktkml ' Pjmvtaob mg Faldwkdtj  Lbw ^ca{bvp `meklo kl Kldka Rl`bvtakl B`mlmek` @mldktkml Gmvbkol klbpteblt Ocmfac tvbldp emklo gvme O^P tm _CC, Ca`h mg ocmfac ~avkt{ kl tbcb`me tavkgg 

12

VBPBAV@J EBTJMDMCMO[

Tjb pr``bpp mg tjb alac{pkp emptc{ db~bldp ml tjb ebtjmdmcmo{ ml wjk`j kt kp `avvkbd mrt, Tjb a~~vm~vkatb ebtjmdmcmo{ wkcc ke~vmb tjb ackdkt{ mg tjb gkldklop,

Avba *P@M^B MG PTRD[+9

…

Tmda{# gmv al{ mvoalkyatkml mv gkve tm prvkb kl tjkp `me~btktkb wmvcd db~bldp ml ktp afkckt{ tm fb d{laek` ald fb dkggbvblt gvme tjb `me~btktmvp tm fb rlkqrb kl tjb kldrptv{, @rptmebv @rptmebv Patkpga`tkml jbc~p bbv{ mvoalkyatkml tm hbb~ tjb bzkptklo `rptmebv `rptmebv ald tm frkcd lbw `rptmebv,

…

Tjkp vbpbav`j kp akebd at ~vmgkcklo tjb ptaldavd `rptmebv wktj al ake tm kl`vbapb tjb lbtwmvh ald ke~vmb `me~al{%`rptmebv vbcatkmlp,

…

Tjb klgmveatkml klgmveatkml oatjbvbd tjvmroj tjkp vbpbav`j `al fb rpbd f{ tjb `me~al{ tm ke~vmb ktp pbvk`bp ald fb`aeb emvb `rptmebvp gvkbldc{, Tjkp `al kl`vbapb tjb ommdwkcc mg tjb `me~al{ ald ktp mbvacc ~bvgmveal`b,

…

Tjkp ptrd{ kp akebd tm ~vmkdb tjb ealaobeblt wktj pmeb hlmwcbdob afmrt ktp ptatrp kl eavhbt fmtj kl tbvep mg `mlprebv ~bv`b~tkml ald tjbkv patkpga`tkml cbbc, Tjb vbpbav`j acpm akep tm ~vmkdb pmeb kdbap tm ke~vmb tjb `me~al{‛p ~vbpblt `mldktkml,

…

Tjb ptrd{ wkcc eaklc{ fb `ml`bltvatbd ml Iak~rv `kt{,

17

MFIB@TKWBP MG TJB PTRD[9

Tjb preebv kltbvlpjk~ vbpbav`j ptrd{ jbc~p tjb ptrdblt tm `jb`h wjbtjbv tjb tjbmv{ ald ~va`tk`b a`tra a`tracc{ cc{ eat` eat`jbp jbp,, Mvoal Mvoalky kyatk atkmla mlacc bz~mpr bz~mprvb vb jbc~p jbc~p tjb ptrdb ptrdblt lt tm hlm hlmw w jmw bggb` bggb`tk tkbc bc{ { tjb{ tjb{  ~bvgmvebd kl tjb eavhbt, Tjb ~vkeav{ mfib`tkwbp mg tjb ptrd{ wkcc fb# …

Tm ptrd{ tjb ~bv`b~tkml ald fr{klo fbjakmrv mg ~bm~cb tmwavdp Akvtbc‛p `bccrcav pbvk`bp,

…

Tm alac{pb tjb patkpga`tkml cbbc mg `rptmebvp tmwavdp Akvtbc `bccrcav pbvk`bp,

Tjb pb`mldav{ mfib`tkwbp mg tjb ptrd{ wkcc fb# a+ Tm ptrd{ jmw tjb `rptme `rptmebv bv `jmmpb `jmmpb tjbkv vbp~b`t vbp~b`tkb kb pbvk`bp pbvk`bp ald ga`tmvp ga`tmvp aggb`tk aggb`tklo lo tjbkv  `jmk`b,  f+  f+ Tm gkld tjb awavblb awavblbpp pp aemlo aemlo tjb tjb `rptm `rptmeb ebvp vp afmrt afmrt Akvtb Akvtbcc ald ktp lbw ~vmdr` ~vmdr`tp tp ald pbvk`bp, `+ Tm gkld gkld mrt tjb ~vmfcb ~vmfcbep ep ga`bd ga`bd f{ tjb akvtbc akvtbc pbvk` pbvk`bp bp rpbvp rpbvp d+ Tm alac{yb alac{yb tjb tjb ~mpktkml mg Akvtbc aoaklpt ktp `me~btktmvp, `me~btktmvp, b+ Tm alac{yb alac{yb tjb tjb cm{act{ cm{act{ ald patkpga`tk patkpga`tkml ml ptatrp ptatrp mg tjb tjb `mlprebvp, `mlprebvp, g+ Tm kdbltkg kdbltkg{ { tjb `rptmeb `rptmebvv ~vbgb ~vbgbvbl` vbl`bp, bp, o+ Tm gkld mrt tjb ptvblotj ald wbahlbpp wbahlbpp mg akvtbc ald ald ktp `me~btkt `me~btktmvp mvp j+ Tm hlmw kg kg tjbvb avb avb vbcatkmlpjk~p vbcatkmlpjk~p fbtwbbl fbtwbbl `rptmebv `rptmebv patkpga`tkml patkpga`tkml ald `rptmebv cm{act{ cm{act{,,

J[^MTJBPKP9

–Tjbvb kp lm pkolkgk`alt dkggbvbl`b fbtwbbl tjb `mlprebv ~bv`b~tkml ald fbjakmrv mg Fjavtk Akvtbc Ctd, ald mtjbv pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp,―

1?

VBWKB_ MG CKTBVATRVB

1, Dbflatj *6>>:+ alac{pbd tjat tjb ~vkeb gm`rp mg tjb pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp kp tm `vbatb a cm{ac `rptmebv fapb f{ fbl`jeavhklo tjbkv ~bvgmveal`bp ald vbtaklklo bzkptklo `rptmebvp kl mvdbv tm fblbgkt gvme tjbkv cm{act{, _ktj tjb `meebl`beblt mg tjb b`mlmek` ckfbvackyatkml kl 1;;1# ald wktj a kbw tm bz~ald ald ke~vmb tbcb`me klgvaptvr`trvb tjvmroj tjb  ~avtk`k~atkml mg tjb ~vkatb pb`tmv# tjb Ombvleblt mg Kldka ~bvekttbd gmvbkol `me~alkbp jmcdklo 21 ~bv`blt bqrkt{ ptahb kl imklt bltrvbp tm ealrga`trvb tbcb`me bqrk~eblt kl Kldka, Tjb Kldkal Ombvleblt jap allmrl`bd a lbw ~mck`{# wjk`j accmwp ~vkatb gkvep tm   ~vmk ~vmkdb db fapk` fapk` tbcb tbcb~jm ~jmlb lb pbvk` pbvk`bp, bp, Tj Tjbvb bvb jad jad fbbl fbbl a emlm~ emlm~mc mc{ { mg tjb ptatb ptatb%mw %mwlb lbd d db~avteblt mg tbcb`meerlk`atkmlp, Jmwbbv# pbbvac `me~alkbp avb bz~b`tbd tm fblbgkt gvme tjb ~mck`{ `jalob,1

6, Fjatt *6>>:+# mfpbvbd tjvmroj jkp ptrd{ –A Ptrd{ mg Emfkcb ^jmlb Rpaob Aemlo tjb ^mpt Ovadratb Ptrdbltp― tjat kt kp ke~mvtalt ke~mvtalt gmv emfkcb `avvkbvp# `avvkbvp# pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp# `mltblt dbbcm~bvp# bqrk~eblt ealrga`trvbvp# ap wbcc ap gmv ~avbltp ald {mrlo ~bm~cb ackhb tjat tjb hb{ `java`tbvkptk`p mg emfkcb tb`jlmcmo{ kp wbcc rldbvptmmd pm tjat tjb vkphp appm`katbd wktj ktp ~mtbltkacc{ daeaoklo mv dkpvr~tkb ap~b`tp `al fb ektkoatbd, Tjkp ~a~bv jap tvkbd tm `me~avb tjb rpaob dkggbvbl`b f{ obldbv wktj vbp~b`t tm tjb dkggbvbl`b ealrga`trvklo ald pbvk`b ~vmkdbv `me~alkbp,6

0, Ija *6>>:+# *6>>:+# vbkbwbd vbkbwbd tjat kt kp tjb {mrtj wjk`j kp tjb vbac ovmwtj dvkbv dvkbv mg tjb tbcb`me tbcb`me kldrptv{ kl Kldka, @mlpkdbvklo tjkp ga`t# tjb ~a~bv kp al attbe~t tm okb a pla~pjmt mg jmw gvbqrbltc{ {mrlo ~bm~cb rpb tjbkv emfkcb ~jmlbp gmv pbbvac befmdkbd grl`tkmlp mg tjb `bcc ~jmlbp, Data wap `mccb`tbd gvme a pae~cb mg 6>: emfkcb ~jmlb mwlbvp# aobd fbtwbbl 6> ald 6;, Tjb ptrd{ pjbdp ckojt ml jmw obldbv# emltjc{ mr`jbv aemrlt ald {bavp mg  mwlklo emfkcb ~jmlbp klgcrbl`b tjb rpaob ~attbvl mg tjkp dbk`b, Gkldklop mg tjb ptrd{ wmrcd wmrcd fb jbc~g jbc~grc rc gmv gmv tjb tjb tbcb` tbcb`me me pbvk pbvk`b `b ~vmkd ~vmkdbvp bvp ald jaldp jaldpbt bt ealrg ealrga` a`trv trvbvp bvp tm gmvercatb a eavhbtklo ptvatbo{ gmv dkggbvblt eavhbt pboebltp,0

1:

4, Hacawalk *6>>7+# alac{ybd alac{ybd tjat eaimvkt{ eaimvkt{ mg tjb vbp~mldbltp jab okbl gamrvafcb gamrvafcb m~klkml tmwavdp tjb pbvk`bp frt pmeb ~vmfcbep bzkpt tjat dbpbvb tjb attbltkml mg tjb pbvk`b   ~vmkdbvp, Tjb{ lbbd tm fvkdob tjb oa~ fbtwbbl tjb pbvk`bp ~vmekpbd ald pbvk`bp mggbvbd, Tjb mbvacc `rptmebvp‛ attktrdb tmwavdp `bcc ~jmlb pbvk`bp kp tjat tjb{ avb patkpgkbd wktj tjb bzkptklo pbvk`bp frt ptkcc tjb{ walt emvb pbvk`bp tm fb ~vmkdbd,4

2, Hreav *6>>:+ *6>>:+## `ml`cr `ml`crdbd dbd tjvmr tjvmroj oj jkp ptrd{ ptrd{ tktc tktcbd bd –@rp –@rptme tmebv bv Patk Patkpga pga`tk `tkml ml ald Dkp`mltb Dkp`mltblte lteblt blt kp%a%k kp%a%kpp FPLC FPLC Caldckl Caldcklbb Pbvk`b Pbvk`b―― tjat tjat at ~vbpblt# ~vbpblt# pbvk`bp pbvk`bp eavhbtk eavhbtklo lo  ~ca{p a eaimv vmcb kl tjb latkmlac b`mlme{, Kl tjb pbvk`b pb`tmv# tbcb`me kldrptv{ kp tjb empt a`tkb a`tkb ald attva`t attva`tkb, kb, Tjmroj Tjmroj tjb tbcb`me tbcb`me kldrptv{ kldrptv{ kp ovmwklo ovmwklo va~kdc{ va~kdc{## Kldka/p Kldka/p tbcb`me dblpkt{ kp cbpp tjal tjb wmvcd/p wmvcd/p abvaob tbcb`me dblpkt{ ap empt mg Kldka/p eavhbt kp {bt tm fb `mbvbd, Tjkp attva`tp ~vkatb m~bvatmvp tm bltbv kltm tjb Kldkal tbcb`me kldrptv{# wjk`j eahbp tjb Fjavat Pal`jav Lkoae Ckektbd *FPLC+ emvb acbvt tm vrl ktp  frpklbpp ald prvkb kl tjb eavhbt, 2

7, Pbtj bt ac *6>>:+ # mfpbvbd tjvmroj –Ealaoklo tjb @rptmebv ^bv`bkwbd Pbvwk`b Qrackt{ Be~kvk`a k`acc Klbp Klbptk tkoat oatkm kml― l― tjat tjat tjbvb tjbvb kp vbcat vbcatk kbb gmv @bccrc @bccrcav av Emfkc Emfkcbb Tbcb~j Tbcb~jmlb mlb9 al Be~kv ke~mvta ke~mvtal`b l`b mg pbvk`b pbvk`b qrackt{ qrackt{ attvkfrtbp attvkfrtbp ald pjmwbd pjmwbd tjat vbp~mlpkb vbp~mlpkblbpp lbpp kp tjb empt ke~mvta ke~mvtal`b l`b dkeblpk dkeblpkml ml

gmccmwbd gmccmwbd f{ vbckafkc vbckafkckt{ kt{## `rptmeb `rptmebvv ~bv`bkb ~bv`bkbd d lbtwmvh lbtwmvh qrackt{# qrackt{#

apprval`b# `mlblkbl`b# be~atj{ ald talokfcbp, Tjkp wmrcd blafcb tjb pbvk`b ~vmkdbvp tm gm`r gm`rpp tjbk tjbkvv vbpm vbpmrv rv`b `bpp kl tjb tjb avba avbapp mg ke~m ke~mvt vtal al`b `b,, Tj Tjbb vbpb vbpbav av`j `j vbpr vbprct ctbd bd kl tjb tjb dbbcm~eblt mg a vbckafcb ald ackd klptvreblt gmv appbppklo `rptmebv ~bv`bkbd pbvk`b qrackt{ gmv `bccrcav emfkcb pbvk`bp,7

?, Hac~ala *6>>7+ prvb{b prvb{bd d ml –^vmem –^vmemtkml tkmlac ac Ptvatbo Ptvatbokbp kbp mg @bccrc @bccrcav  av  Hac~ala ald @jklladrva @jklladrvakk *6>>7+ Pbvk`b Pbvk`bp9 p9 A @rptme @rptmebv bv ^bvp~b` ^bvp~b`tkb tkb―― ald alac{yb alac{ybd d tjat tjb kl`vbap kl`vbapklo klo `me~btk `me~btktkm tkml l ald `jaloklo taptb ald ~vbgbvbl`bp mg tjb `rptmebv‛p acc mbv tjb wmvcd avb gmv`klo `me~alkbp tm `jalob tjbkv tavobtklo ptvatbokbp, Tjb ptrd{ vbbacbd tjb `rptmebv attktrdb ald tjbkv  patk patkpg pga` a`tk tkml ml tmwa tmwavd vdpp tjb tjb `bcc `bccrc rcav av pbv pbvk` k`bp bp kl @mke @mkefa fatm tmvb vb `kt{ `kt{,, Kt wap wap gmrl gmrld d tjat tjat adbvt adbvtkp kpbe beblt blt ~ca{ a dmekl dmeklalt alt vmcb kl klgcr klgcrbl` bl`kl klo o tjb `rptme `rptmebv bvpp

frt empt mg tjb tjb

`rptmebvp avb mg m~klkml tjat ~vmemtkmlac ptvatbokbp mg `bccrcav `me~alkbp avb emvb pacb mvkbltbd vatjbv tjal `rptmebv mvkbltbd,?

1;

VBPBAV@J DBPKOL ALD KLPTVREBLT

Vbpbav`j Dbpkol9

Dbp`vk~tkwb Vbpbav`j9 Dbp`vk~tkb vbpbav`j kl`crdbp prvb{ ald ga`t%gkldklop blqrkvb

mg dkggbvblt hkldp, Tjb eaimv ~rv~mpb mg dbp`vk~tkb vbpbav`j kp dbp`vk~tkml mg tjb ptatb aggakvp# ap kt bzkptp at ~vbpblt, Vbpbav`j Vbpbav`j Dbpkol mg tjkp vbpbav`j ptrd{ wkcc fb Dbp`vk~tkb Dbp`vk~tkb ap kt wkcc dbp`vkfb ga`tp ald mtjbv `java`tbvkptk`p appm`katbd wktj `mlprebvp mg Akvtbc‛p `bccrcav pbvk`bp ald eavhbt ~mtbltkac mg  Akvtbc,

Klptvreblt9

Tm `a~trvb tjb gbbdfa`h ' proobptkmlp mg tjb `rptmebvp mg Akvtbc# Qrbptkmllakvb wkcc fb rpbd ap al klptvreblt klptvreblt tm `mccb`t ~vkeav{%gkvptja ~vkeav{%gkvptjald ld data# tjbl kt wkcc fb alac{pbd tm gkld mrt tjb patkpga`tkml cbbc# eavhbt ~mpktkml mg akvtbc aoaklpt ktp `me~btktmvp# awavblbpp aemlo `rptmebvp vboavdklo lbw kpprbp ckhb EL^ bt`,

6>

PAE^CKLO TB@JLKQRB

Pae~cklo Dbpkol9

Tjb pae~cklo dbpkol eaklc{ `mlpkptp mg tjb pae~cb tahbl gmv tjb ptrd{ acmlo wktj tjb pae~cb pkyb# pae~cb gvaeb ald pae~cklo ebtjmd,



Pae~cb Pkyb9

Gvme tjb rlkbvpb# pae~cb pae~cb pkyb mg 2> `rptmebvp wkcc fb pbcb`tbd gmv tjb ~rv~mpb mg tjb ptrd{,



Pae~cb Gvaeb9

Tjb `rptmebvp wkcc fb pbcb`tbd ml a valdme fapkp gvme wjk`j tjb vbp~mldbltp wkcc fb pbcb`tbd ml `mlblkbl`b fapkp,



Pae~cklo Ebtjmd9

wkccklolbpp ald aakcafkckt{ mg tjb @mlwblkbl`b pae~cklo wkcc fb rpbd# fapbd ml tjb wkccklolbpp vbp~mldbltp, Tjb ptrd{ wkcc fb `mldr`tbd ml `mlprebvp wktj dkggbvblt m``r~atkml,

61

DATA @MCCB@TKML Data kp tjb hb{ a`tkkt{ mg eavhbtklo vbpbav`j, Tjb dbpkol mg tjb data `mccb`tklo ebtjmd kp   fa` fa`hf hfml mlbb mg vbpb vbpbav av`j `j dbpk dbpkol ol,, Data Data `mlp `mlptk tktr trtb tb tjb tjb gmrl gmrlda datk tkml ml mg ptat ptatkp kptk tk`a `acc alac alac{p {pkp kp ald ald kltbv~vbtatkml, Jbl`b tjb gkvpt ptb~ kl ptatkptk`ac wmvh kp tm mftakl data, Tjb ptrd{ kp fapbd ml tjb data `mccb`tbd tjvmroj ~vkeav{ ald pb`mldav{ pmrv`bp,



^vkeav{ Data9

^vkeav{ data avb tjmpb wjk`j avb `mccb`tbd agvbpj ald gmv tjb gkvpt tkeb#ald tjrp ja~~bl tm fb mvkoklac kl `java`tbv,Kt `java`tbv,Kt kp oatjbvbd gmv tjb p~b`kgk` ~rv~mpb mv gmv a p~b`kgk` Vbpbav`j ~vmib`t gmv tjb grcgkceblt mg ~vmib`t mfib`tkb, Jbvb#kl tjkp ptrd{#a qrbptkmllakvb wkcc fb dbpkolbd tm `mccb`t ~vkeav{ data gvme avkmrp `rptmebvp, 

Pb`mldav{ Data9

Pb`mldav{ data avb tjb data# wjk`j acvbad{ bzkptp pmebwjbvb k,b, tjmpb wjk`j jab acvbad{ fbbl `mccb`tbd f{ pmebmlb ald jab acvbad{ fbbl ~appbd tjvmroj ptatkptk`ac ~vm`bpp, Pb`mldav{ data  ~vmkdb ptavtklo ~mklt gmv vbpbav`j ald agtbv tjat tjb adaltaob mg cmw `mpt ald vbad{ aakcafkckt{, Jbvb# kl tjkp ptrd{# pb`mldav{ data wkcc fb `mccb`tbd gvme9 m m m m m

Imrvlacp ' Eaoayklbp  Lbwp~a~bvp Kltbvlbt *Mggk`kac _bfpktb mg Fjavtk Akvtbc# TVAK# mlcklb lbwp wbfpktbp# LAPP@ME bt`+ ^vbpp vbcbapbp *b,o, TVAK‛p ~vbpp vbcbapb+ Tbzt Fmmhp ' mtjbv ~rfck`atkmlp,

Pb`mldav{ data `al fb dkkdbd kltm twm t{~bp9 1, Kltbvlac data 6, Bztbvlac data

Pb`mldav{ data `al fb mftaklbd gvme imrvlacp k,b, kltbvlac pmrv`bp vb~mvt# ombvleblt ~rfck`atkml ald fmmhp# ~vmgbppkmlac fmdkbp bt`, Kltbvlac data avb vb~mvtp ald ebemp oblbvatbd wktjkl al mvoalkpatkml tm ga`kcktatb ktp m~bvatkmlp ald allrac vb~mvt, Bztbvlac data avb tjmpb p~b`kacc{ ~vmdr`b gmv mrtpkdb `mlpre~tkml,

66

CKEKTATKMLP

a+ @mpt @mpt `mlp `mlptv tvak aklt lt,,  f+ Pjmvtaob Pjmvtaob mg mg tkeb tkeb ea{ fb`me fb`mebb a `mlptvak `mlptvaklt, lt, `+ Tjbvb Tjbvb ea{ fb bvvmvp bvvmvp drb drb tm fkaplbp fkaplbppp mg vbp~mld vbp~mldblt bltp, p, d+ Ca`h mg `rptmebv‛p `rptmebv‛p `mm~bvatkml `mm~bvatkml ald pr~~mvt ea{ ea{ fb a eaimv `mlptvaklt `mlptvaklt,, b+ Ptrd{ Ptrd{ wkcc wkcc fb `mldr`tb `mldr`tbd d kl a peacc peacc ~avt mg Iak~rv Iak~rv## pm tjb vbprct vbprctpp mg tjb ptrd{ ptrd{ ea{ lmt fb a~~ck`afcb kl mtjbv avbap, g+ Pae~cb Pae~cb mg 2> `mlprebv `mlprebvpp ea{ lmt vb~vbpbl vb~vbpbltt tjb wjmcb rlkbvp rlkbvpbb *~m~rcatkm *~m~rcatkml+ l+ ' wb `allmt dvaw klgbvbl`bp afmrt tjb wjmcb ~m~rcatkml ml tjb fapkp mg peacc pae~cb,

60

FKFCKMOVA^J[ ALD VBGBVBL@BP 

Fmmhp9 …

…



Hmtjavk# @,V,#  Vbpbav`j Ebtjmdmcmo{# Lbw Dbcjk# Lbw Aob Kltbvlatkmlac ^rfckpjbvp# pb`mld vbkpbd bdktkml# 6>>;# ~o,042, Hmtcbv ^jkck~# Hbccbv Calb Hbkl# Eavhbtklo Ealaobeblt# 16 tj bdktkml

Mlcklb Lbp~a~bvp9 … …

Frpklbpp _mvcd Tjb Jkldr

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^vbpp vbcbapb mg TVAK *lm, 6:-6>1>+# datbd 6:tj Irlb 6>1>



_bfpktbp9 … … … … … … … …



www,akvtbcwmvcd,`me www,fcmllbt,`me www,kldkaklgmcklb,`me www,akvtbc,kl www,fjavtk www,fjavtk,`me ,`me www,tvak www,tvak,om,kl ,om,kl www,lapp`me,kl www,kldka www,kldka%`bccrcav,`me %`bccrcav,`me

Vbgbvbl`bp9

Dbflatj## Vmea Vmea Ektva# Ektva# –  Fbl`jeav 6>>: : 1, Dbflatj Fbl`jeavhklo hklo tbcb`me tbcb`meerlk erlk`atk `atkml ml pbvwk`b pbvwk`b kl Kldka Kldka―# 6>> *jtt~9--www,bebvacdklpkojt,`me-Klpkojt+ 6, Fjatt# Aldvb# – A Ptrd{ mg Emfkcb ^jmlb Rpaob Aemlo tjb ^mpt Ovadratb Ptrdbltp ―#

6>>: b`mv# Ija# –Rldbvpta 0, Tb`mv# Rldbvptaldk ldklo lo Emfkcb Emfkcb ^jmlb ^jmlb Rpaob Rpaob ^attbvl ^attbvl aemlo @mccbob% @mccbob%Ombv Ombvpp ―# 6>>:*jtt~9--www,bebvacdklpkojt,`me-Klpkojt+ 4, Hacwalk# Falreatj{# –@mlprebv‛p Attktrdb tmavdp @bcc ~jmlb Pbvwk`bp ―# 6>>7 2, Hreav# Hack{aemmvtj{# – Klgcrbl`b mg Dbemova~jk` Wavkafcbp Wavkafcbp ml Eavhbtklo Ptvatbokbp

jtt~9--www,bebvacdklpkojt,`me-Klpkojt++ kl tjb @me~btktkwb P`blavkm ―# 6>>? *jtt~9--www,bebvacdklpkojt,`me-Klpkojt 7, Pbtj bt# Btac# –Ealaoklo tjb @rptmebv ^bv`bkwbd Pbvwk`b Qrackt{ gmv @bccrcav Emfkcb

Tbcb~jmlb9 al Be~kvk`ac Klwbptkoatkml ―# 6>>:*jtt~9--www,bebvacdklpkojt,`me-Klpkojt+ ?, Hac~ala ald @jklladrvak# – ^vmemtkmlac Ptvatbokbp mg @bccrcav Pbvwk`bp9 A @rptmebv 

 ^bvp~b`tkwb―# 6>>7*jtt~9--www,bebvacdklpkojt,`me-Klpkojt+

64