Syllabus For Constitutional Law 1

 

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAW

Marawi City COURSE SYLLABUS OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I (As of August 2017)

Atty . Norhabib Bin Suod S. Barodi, Sh. Barodi, Sh. L.  L.   Member, Integrated Bar of the Philippines  Philippines   Member, Integrated Shari’ah Bar of the Philippines  Philippines  Board of Directors, ISBP ISBP    Mindanao  Member, State University College of Law Professor  Law  Professor   of:   of:  Constitutional Law Review, Constitutional Law I and II, Public International Law, Election Law and the Law of Public Officers, Law of Public Corporations, Property, Problem Areas in Legal Ethics, Advanced Legal Writing, Legal Research and Shari’ah Shari’ah;; th  Regular Lecturer Lecturer and and Special Lecturer, Lecturer, 15  Series of Shari’ah Training Seminar; Seminar; nd  2  Placer , 2006 Shari’ah Shari’ah Bar  Bar Exam;  Exam;  th 16   Placer , June 2007, PNP Entrance Eligibility Exam (Napolcom); (Napolcom) ; CS Professional Professional Eligible  Eligible   Formerly, Public Attorney I, PAO Marawi District Office; Office;  Practicing Lawyer and and  Shari’ah Practitioner; Practitioner;  Bachelor of Laws, Mindanao State University College of Law, Iligan Extension Class; Class;  BS International International Relations, Relations, Department of International Relations, King Faisal Center for Islamic, Arabic, and Asian Studies, MSU; Author: Shari’ah For The Muslim Region In The Philippines: The Essence of Moro Self-Determination (ISBN-971-735-070-58) (ISBN-971-735-070-58)  

No. of Units:  Units: 

3 units

Semester taken:  taken: 

1st Semester, 1st year

I.  COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVE  OBJECTIVE  Course Description Constitutional Law I (Law 102). A study of the structure and powers of the government of the Philippines including certain basic concepts of Political Law such as the nature of the State, the supremacy of the constitution, the separation of powers and the rule of the majority (New law curriculum, MSU College of Law) Constitutional Law I. A survey and evaluation of basic principles dealing with the structure of the Philippine Government. (Legal Education Board) Course Objectives  This course seeks to provide the students with a comprehensive study of basic principles contained in the 1987 Constitution pertaining to the structure and powers of the government of the Philippines including amendments to the constitution. Emphasis is also made on the application of political law to actual practice and on the implications and relevance of this study to the objective of the MSU College of Law to become a nucleus of leadership training directed towards the achievement of the state policy of integration and national solidarity, and to its vision to be a leading academic institution committed to the attainment of social justice thru legal education. Finally, this course seeks to strengthen the foundation of students on the basic principles of political law for them to succeed in the bar examinations and beyond.

Page 1 of 23 Syllabus of Constitutional Law 1 Atty. NORHABIB BIN SUOD S. BARODI, Sh. L.

 

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:   Comprehend the workings of a democratic and republican state and a government of the people, by the people, and for the people under a regime of the rule of law and justice;   Effectively participate in discussions or activities involving issues of constitutional importance which are affecting the life of the nation;   Effectively apply the basic principles of political law in their endeavor to succeed in the bar examinations; and   Provide reliable, efficient, and cost-effective legal services in their practice of law in all matters involving political law.

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Specifically, the students are expected to learn and develop the following lawyer competencies:   Skills in legal method and analysis particularly on on::1 

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(Facts):

identifying relevant facts and recognizing and assembling fact patterns;

(Theory):

formulating and elaborating legal theories involving political law;

(Issues):

identifying unresolved legal and factual issues;

(Authority):

identifying controlling and applicable authority relating to issues;

(Analysis):

applying law to facts analyzing merits and predicting outcomes;

(Evaluation): evaluating and critiquing theories and analysis; (Synthesis): synthesizing complex law and facts into meaningful order; (Diversify):

employing multiple measures for evaluating legal problems.

on :2    In-depth learning of political law particularly on:

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(Understanding):

knowing, recalling, and stating constitutional law and procedure;

(Rights):

identifying and advising as to political rights;

(Merits):

evaluating the merits of constitutional claims.

Methodology  The course objectives objectives and the competencies competencies expected of the students after completing this course will be achieved through the following combined methodologies, methodolo gies, to wit: a.  Case-analysis  This is an analysis of decided cases which are relevant to the study of Constitutional Law I.

1

 See  Nelson P. Miller, Mapping Lawyer Competencies onto the Law School Curriculum to Confirm that the Curriculum Prepares Graduates for Practice. 2

  Ibid. Ibid.

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b.  Hypothetical cases/problem solving  This is an analysis of contemporary contemporary legal issues and problems by applying relevant laws where jurisprudence is not available. It includes the application of law and jurisprudence to hypothetical cases based on current events. c.  Lecture-Recitation.  This is primarily an application application of the Socratic Method Method of teaching to arrive at the truth, not confusion. This method does not merely require the recital of facts, issues, and ruling but it likewise puts emphasis on how the facts of the case shape the application of law or jurisprudence. MATERIALS  II.  COURSE OUTLINE AND MATERIALS  (Attached as last part of this course syllabus) III. COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND GRADING SYSTEM  SYSTEM  Course requirements: 1.  Midterm Exam 2.  Final Exam 3.  Recitation

4. Attendance

Grading system* Midterm exam Final exam Recitation Attendance

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40% 40% 15% 5%

*Subject to uniform grading system should one be prescribed by the College of Law. Passing Score  Score and Computation of Grade  The overall overall passing score score for the two major exams combined combined is 150/200, subject to lowering for compelling reasons  only,  only, Provided that, the reduction shall in no case be lower than 130/200 overall performance in the written exams. Obtaining at least a total score of 150/200 [midterm + final exam scores] in the written exam is a condition sine qua non   for a student to pass the subject. Failure to comply with this condition renders the recitation and attendance inconsequential in the computation of the final grade. Example: Passing Passing   First example Midterm exam Final exam  Total

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55/100 95/100 150/200

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90/100 60/100 150/200

Second example Midterm exam Final exam  Total

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If in this case, the student performed well in the recitation and has no absences, his/her final grade will be increased one degree higher. If he/she didn’t perform well in the recitation and he/she has incurred absences no t beyond the maximum allowed, 150/200 [midterm + final exam scores] overall performance in the written exams is sufficient for said student to obtain the lowest passing grade of 3.0, consistent to the reality that the bar examinations is a written examination. Example: Failing First example: Midterm exam Final exam  Total

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50/100 95/100 145/200

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90/100 55/100 145/200

Second example: Midterm exam Final exam  Total

Here, even if the student performed fairly in the recitation and has very few absences, his/her final grade will still be failing since he/she fails to comply with the indispensable condition of 150/200 [midterm + final exam scores] overall performance in the written exams. The bar exam is not an oral exam. IV. COURSE AND CLASSROOM POLICIES  POLICIES  1.  Attendance/Absences Attendance will be checked every meeting. Being late for more than 15 minutes shall be considered as an absence. A student is allowed a maximum of four (4) non-consecutive unexcused absences. He/she is not allowed to incur three (3) consecutive unexcused absences. Violation of any of these rules will automatically grant the professor the following options at his discretion: 1.  Give a final grade of 5.0 to the student even if he/she continues attending classes and even if he/she takes the major exams which are not to be checked any way; or 2.  Give DRP (officially dropped) if the student has officially dropped the subject; or For an absence to be excused, the student must submit a medical certificate if certificate  if the absence is due to illness. If the absence is due to other meritorious causes, the student must submit an explanation in the form of an affidavit affidavit duly  duly subscribed and sworn to before an officer authorized by law to administer oath. 2.  Cheating and other forms of intellectual dishonesty a.  Any student caught cheating during exams will be advised to stop attending classes or even if he/she continues attending classes, he/she will be given a final grade of 5.0 without prejudice to any disciplinary action which may be instituted against him/her in accordance with the established rules and regulations of the College of Law.

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3.  Audio recording  recording  of class discussions/recitations is not allowed. Any student caught violating this rule will be dealt with in accordance with the disciplinary authority of the College of Law; 4.  Exams must be taken as scheduled. scheduled . If a student intends to take the exam on a day other than as scheduled due to conflict of schedule, he/she shall secure a written request   for that purpose from the professor/lecturer handling the subject with conflict of schedule, with a  favorable recommendati recommendation  on  from  from the Office of the Dean. Recitation  5.  Oral Recitation  a.  During oral recitations, all books and notes must be closed. b.  “Pass” is not an answer.  answer.   c.  Silence is not an answer. 6.  Observance of silence inside the classroom  classroom   a.  Cellular phones must be turned off or kept on silent mode; b.   Talking/whi  Talking/whispering spering between between seatm seatmates ates is strictly strictly not allowed. allowed. 7.  Any course, classroom, and college policy imposed by the College of Law but not mentioned herein shall be deemed part hereof  ipso facto.  facto.  Nota bene:  The   The professor reserves the right to alter or modify the foregoing course policies as the exigencies may warrant.

Page 5 of 23 Syllabus of Constitutional Law 1 Atty. NORHABIB BIN SUOD S. BARODI, Sh. L.

 

OUTLINE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I

(As of August 2017)

 Atty . Norhabib Bin Suod S. Barodi, Sh. L.   Member, Integrated Bar of the Philippines  Philippines   Member, Integrated Shari’ah Bar of the Philippines  Philippines   Member, Board of Directors, ISBP  ISBP   Mindanao State University College of Law Professor  Law Professor  of:   of:  Constitutional Law Review, Constitutional Law I and II, Public International Law, Election Law and the Law of Public Officers, Law of Public Corporations, Property, Problem Areas in Legal Ethics, Advanced Legal Writing, Legal Research and Shari’ah Shari’ah;; th  Regular Lecturer Lecturer and and Special Lecturer, Lecturer, 15  Series of Shari’ah Training Seminar; Seminar; nd  2  Placer , 2006 Shari’ah Shari’ah Bar  Bar Exam;  Exam;  th 16   Placer , June 2007, PNP Entrance Eligibility Exam (Napolcom); (Napolcom) ; CS Professional Professional Eligible  Eligible   Formerly, Public Attorney I, PAO Marawi District Office; Office;  Practicing Lawyer and and  Shari’ah Practitioner; Practitioner;  Bachelor of Laws, Mindanao State University College of Law, Iligan Extension Class; Class;  BS International International Relations, Relations, Department of International Relations, King Faisal Center for Islamic, Arabic, and Asian Studies, MSU; Author: Shari’ah For The Muslim Region In The Philippines: The Essence of Moro Self-Determination (ISBN-971-735-070-58) (ISBN-971-735-070-58)  

1.  The Concept of Academic Freedom a.  Definition b.  Extent of academic freedom under the 1935, 1973, and 1987 Philippine Constitutions c.  Other constitutional basis of academic freedom d.  Aspects of academic freedom 1) To the institution 2) To the faculty 3) To the students Required and recommended readings: First Class Cadet Aldrin Jeff P. Cudia v. The Superintendent of the PMA, et. al, G.R. No. 211362, Feb. 24, 2015 Garcia v. The Faculty Admission Committee, et al. Tangonan v. Pano, et al. UP v. CSC, G.R. No. 132860, April 3, 2001 Non v. Dames, 185523 Guzman v. National University Ateneo v. Capulong

e.  State power to regulate educational institutions in connection with academic freedom (Section 4[1], Article XIV) 1)  requirem requirement ent of reasonableness. reasonableness.   f.  Constitutional right to select a profession or course of study Sec. 5(3), Art. XIV: Required and recommended readings: Miriam College Foundation, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 348 SCRA 265, 288, Dec. 15, 2000, 1st  Div. [Kapunan]   Licup, et al. v. University of San Carlos [USC]   Capitol Medical Center, Inc., et al. v. Court of Appeals, et al.  al. 

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University of San Agustin, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 230 SCRA 761, 774-775, March 7, 1994 [Nocon]

g.  Essential freedoms subsumed in academic freedom Required and recommended readings: Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234, 263 Isabelo, Jr. v. Perpetual Help College of Rizal, Inc., 227 SCRA 591, 595 [1993] Ateneo de Manila University v. Capulong, 222 SCRA 643, 660 [1993] Garcia v. The Faculty Admission Committee, Loyola School of Theology, 68 SCRA 277, 285 [1975]

h.  Instances where the court sanctioned an invocation of academic freedom Required readings: Tangonan v. Pano, 137 SCRA 245 [1985]   Garcia v. Loyola School of Theology, 68 SCRA 277 [1975]   Isabelo, Jr. v. Perpetual Help College of Rizal, Inc., 227 SCRA 595-597, Nov. 8, 1993, En Banc  

2.  Introduct Introduction ion to Political Law a.  Political law defined. b.  Constitutional Law 1 defined. c.  Constitutionalism 3.  The Philippine Constitution a.  Definition 1)  Social Contract Doctrine articulated in Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668, September 15, 1989 b.  Structure of the 1987 Constitution 1) Number of articles 2) Arrangement of the articles and its significance Read: De Castro v. JBC, March 17, 2010

  Authorship of the Constitution  Constitution  2)  Preamble

c.

d.  Purpose of the Constitution Constitution e.  Classification of Constitution f.  Essential Parts of Constitution g.  Interpretation and construction of the Constitution h.  Principle of Supremacy of the Constitution

1)  Application Application   Read: Explanation of the principle in the case of Manila Prince Hotel Corporation v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 [1997] i.  Amendments and revisions 1)  Definition i)  Constituent power 2)  Distinctions between Amendment and Revision

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3)   Two-part test test in determining determining whether whether a proposal proposal involves involves an amendment or revision 4)  Steps in the amendatory process i)  Proposal ii)  Who may propose amendments? a)   Three theories theories on the relative relative position position of th the e constitutional constitutional convention vis-à-vis vis-à-vis the other departments of government iii)  Three systems systems of initiative initiative iv)  Form and substance of initiative on the Constitution: Requisites and its rationale v)  Ratification ii)  Doctrine of Proper Submission iii)  Submission of proposal on piecemeal basis iv)  Submission of proposal on the same day as regular elections

Required and recommended readings: Art. XVII of the 1987 Constitution RA 6735 Lambino v. Comelec, 505 SCRA 160 [2006] Santiago v. Comelec , G.R. No. 127325, March 19, 1997 Occena v. Comelec Gonzales v. Comelec Almario v. Alba  Tolentino v. Comelec

4.  The Concept of State with particular emphasis on the Philippines as a state a.  Definition and distinctions 1) State 2) Nation b.  Elements 1)  People i) Requirement as to number of people ii) Requirement as to sexes 2)   Territory i)  Definition ii)  Requirement as to size of territory iii)  National Territory a)  Definition under 1935, 1973, and 1987 Constitutions b)  Components and their extent c)  Archipelago doctrine d)  Philippine archipelagic baselines e)   The Concept Concept of Regime of Islands Required readings: Philippine Baseline Law (R.A. 9522) Magallona v. Ermita, 655 SCRA 476 (2011) Philippines v. China, 2016 3)  Government i) Definition and distinctions a) Government of the Philippines b) Administration ii) Functions a)  Kinds b)  Examples c)  Doctrine of Parens Patriae  

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Correlate with Section 13, Article II, 1987 Constitution Constitution iii) Kinds of government as to legitimacy a)  De Jure and De Facto Governments b)  Kinds of De Facto government Required readings: readings: Lawyers League for a Better Philippines v. Corazon Aquino,, G.R. No. 73748, May 22, 1986 Aquino Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, Mar. 2, 2001 Estrada vs. Desierto, Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15, Mar. 2, 2001 Republic v. Sandiganbayan,  Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 104768, July 21, 2003 Recommended reading: Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh, Keh, 75 Phil. 113 (1945) 4)  Sovereignty i)  Definition ii)  Kinds iii)  Essential characteristics iv)  Change of sovereignty a)  Causes b)  Effects c)  Correlate with change of government v)  Act of State

5.  Citizenship a.  Definition b.  Usual modes of acquiring citizenship c.  Modes applied in the Philippines 1)  Before the adoption of the 1935 Constitution 2)  After the adoption of the 1935 Constitution d.  Who are Filipino citizens under the 1987 Constitution? 1)   Those who are citizens of the Philippines Philippines at the time of the adoption adoption of this Constitution; Constitution; (i) 

Citizens under the 1935 Constitution: En masse Filipinization Filipinization Caram Provision Roa doctrine  

(ii) 

Citizens under the 1973 Constitution

Required readings: Maria Jeanette Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004. Chiongbian vs. de Leon

2)   Those whose whose fathers or mothers are citizens citizens of the the Philippines Philippines

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3)   Those born before before January January 17, 1973, of Filipino Filipino mothers, who who elect elect   Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority (i)  Procedure of election (ii)  When election be made (iii)  Manifestations of Election Doctrine of Implied Election (iv)  Nature of the right to elect Philippine Philippine citizenship (v)  Loss of Philippine citizenship by reason of marriage to an alien and the availability of the right to elect Philippine citizenship citizenship to a legitimate child born to that marriage (vi)  Requirement of electing illegitimate children

Philippine

citizenship

vis-à-vis

Required and recommended readings: Sec. 1, CA 625 Cuenco v. Sec. of Justice In Re: Florencio Mallari Re: Application for Admission to the Philippine Bar, Vicente D. Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, Oct. 1, 1999, En Banc Cu v. Republic Opinion, Sec. of Justice, s. 1948 Villahermosa v. Commissioner of Immigration Republic v. Chule Lim Serra v. Republic

4)   Those who are are naturalized naturalized in accordanc accordance e with law (i) of Indelible Allegiance (ii)   Doctrine Naturalization and denaturalization (iii)   Three ways by which an alien may become a citizen of the Philippines by naturalization Required readings: RA 9139 [Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000] Edison So v. Republic

e.  Citizenship of foundlings  foundlings  Grace Poe case (Poe-Llamanzares v. Comelec) f.  Who are natural-born citizens and what are the two types of naturalborn citizens? g.  Kinds of Filipino citizenship h.  Dual citizenship and dual allegiance 1)  Distinctions Required and recommended readings: Mercado v. Manzano , 307 SCRA 630, May 26, 1999, En Banc Eusebio Eugenio Lopez v. Comelec (2008) reiterated in Jacot vs. Dal and Comelec (2008) Macquiling v. Comelec

i.  Question of citizenship Co v. HRET

 j.  Citizenship and Res Judicata

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Board of Commissioners, CID v. de la Rosa, 197 SCRA 853

k.  Loss and re-acquisition of Philippine citizenship 1)  Causes of loss of Philippine citizenship 2)  Ways of reacquisition of Philippine citizenship 3)  Distinctions between naturalization naturalizat ion and repatriation Required and recommended readings: C.A. 63 RA RA 9225 8171 Labo v. Comelec Willie Yu v. Defensor-Santiago Valles v. Comelec Bengzon III v. HRET Frivaldo v. Comelec  

6.  The Doctrine of State Immunity a.   The Royal Prerogativ Prerogative e of Dishonesty  Dishonesty   b.  Basis Basis   c.  Applicability to foreign governments  governments  d.  How waived  waived  1)  Examples 2)   The Restrictive Restrictive Doctrine Doctrine of State Immunity Immunity

Required and recommended readings: Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84 Tiotico v. City of Manila Republic v. Purisima, 78 SCRA 470 Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping Co., G.R. No. L-6060, Sept. 30, 1950 Lim v. Brownell, 107 Phil. 345 US v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487 US v. Rodrigo, consolidated decision with US vs. Guinto, 182 SCRA 644 Indonesia v. Vinzon, 2003  

Development in this area: Most Rev. Pedro D. Arigo, et. al. vs. Scott Swift in his capacity as Commander of the of the US 7 th  Fleet, Mark A. Rice in his capacity as Commanding Officer of the USS Guardian, Pres. Benigno S. Aquino III in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the AFP, et. al, G.R. No. 206510, Sept. 16, 2014.

e.  Suits against Government Agencies f.  Suits against public officials Lansang v. CA Republic vs. Sandoval

g.  Suability vs. liability

1)  Meaning of suability and liability 2)  Garnishment of government funds to satisfy the judgment against the state 3)  Extent of the waiver 4)  Remedies if government fails to satisfy judgment Required and recommended readings:

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Municipality of San Fernando, La Union v. Judge Fermi Torio v. Fontanilla , 85 SCRA 599 Municipality of Makati v. IAC Amigable v. Cuenca, 43 SCRA 360 Ministerio v. City of Cebu , 40 SCRA 464  

7.  Fundamental principles and state policies, Article II, 1987 Constitution a)  Function of the Declaration of Principles and State Policies b)  Self-executing and non-self-executing provisions Required and recommended readings: Manila Prince Hotel Corporation v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 [1997]   Tanada v. Angara, G. R. No. 118295 [1997] Pamatong v. Comelec, 2004 Comelec, 2004 Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792 [1993]  

Principles 1) Republicanism and Democracy a)  b)  c)  d)  e)  f) 

Meaning Purpose Features Rule of Majority Majority Manifestations of Republicanism Form of government: i.

Presidential and Parliamentary a. Characteristics of each b. Distinctions

ii.  Federalism a.  Advantages and disadvantages iii.  Constitutionalism authoritarianism a.  Meaning b.  Question of its compatibility with the concept of republicanism g)   The right to revolt revolt 2)  Section 2, Article II a)  Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy b)  Incorporation clause vs. transformation clause (Note: This will be tackled exhaustively in Public International Law) i.  Examples ii.   Two ways by which international international law law can become become part of the sphere of domestic law c)  Adherence to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations Required readings: Kuroda v. Jalandoni , 83 Phil. 171 (1949) Pharmaceutical and He alth alth Care Ass’n of the Phils. v . Duque Agustin v. Edu , 88 SCRA 195, 213 (1979)  

3)  Supremacy of Civilian Authority, Section 3, Article II a)  How institutionalized b)  Manifestations of this principle

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Read: IBP v. Zamora, 338 SCRA 81 [2000]

4)  Defense of the State, Section 4, Article II 5)  Section 5, Article II a)  Maintenance of peace and order b)  Protection of life, liberty, and property c)  Promotion of general welfare 6)  Separation of Church and State, Section 6, Article II 1)  Meaning of inviolability inviolability of Church and State 2)  Rationale James Imbong, et. al. v. Hon. Paquito Ochoa, G. R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014 (consolidated decision on the RH Law)  

State Policies 7)  Independent foreign policy a.  Paramount considerations: 1.  National sovereignty 2.   Territoria  Territoriall integrity 3.  National interest 4.  Right to self-determination 8)  Nuclear weapons-free policy a.  Exception Recall: Magallona v. Ermita, 655 SCRA 476 (2011) 9)  Section 9, Article II 10) Promotion of social justice a.  Definition of social justice in Calalang v. Williams   b.  Correlate with Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution Constitution 11) Section 11, Article II a.  Dignity of human person b.  Full respect for human rights 12) Sanctity of family life, Protection of the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception  conception  a.  Framer’s intent in protecting the life of the unborn  unborn  b.  Reason why the protection given to the life of the unborn is from the time of conception conception Read: James Imbong, et. al. v. Hon. Paquito Ochoa, G. R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014 (consolidated decision on the RH Law) “The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012” (R.A. 10354)

13) Section 13, Article II a.  Rights of parents over children  children  b.  State intervention, when justified.  justified.  c.  Recall: Doctrine of Parens Patriae

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14) Section 14, Article II a.  State recognition of the role of women in nation-build nation-building ing b.  Ensure fundamental equality before the law of women and men 15) Section 15, Article II a.  Protection and promotion promotion of the right to health of the people b.  Instilling health consciousness among the people Correlate with: Section 11, Article 13, 1987 Constitution 16) Right to a balanced and healthful ecology [Sec. 16, Art. II] a.  Doctrine of intergenerational responsibility   Required reading:

Oposa v. Factoran, Jr., 224 SCRA 792 [1993]

Recommended reading: Laguna Lake Development Authority v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 120865-71, December 7, 1995 MMDA v. Residents of Manila Bay, G.R. No. 171947-48, December 18, 2008.

b.  Section 17, Article II c.  Section 18, Article II, Labor d.  Section 19, Article II e.  Section 20, Article II f.  Section 21, Article II g.  Indigenous Cultural Communities Correlate with Section 5, Article XII 1)   Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (R.A. No. 8371). 2)   "ancestral domains" and "ancestral lands." 3)   How may ICCs/IPs acquire rights to their ancestral domains and ancestral lands? Required readings: Cruz v. Secretary, Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000. Carino v. Insular Government , 212 US 449 h.  Section 23, Article II i.  Section 24, Article II  j.  Section 25, Article II Correlate with: Article with: Article X, 1987 Constitution k.  Section 26, Article II Required reading: Pamatong v. Comelec , G.R. No. 161872, April 13, 2004. l.  Section 27, Article II m.  Section 28, Article II

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8.  PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS a.  Concept b.  Purpose c.   Justiciab  Justiciable le and th the e Political Questions 1)  Classic definition of Political Question in Tanada vs. Cuenco, 101 Phil. 1101 2)  2 types of political question (i)  Examples of each 3) Effect of expanded judicial power d.  Principle of Blending of Powers 1) Concept 2) Examples e.  Principle of Checks and Balances Read: PDAF CASE G.R. No. 208566 November 19, 2013   GRECO ANTONIOUS BEDA B. BELGICA JOSE M. VILLEGAS JR. JOSE L. GONZALEZ REUBEN M. ABANTE and QUINTIN PAREDES SAN DIEGO, Petitioners, v. HONORABLE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY PAQUITO N. OCHOA JR. SECRETARY OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT FLORENCIO B. ABAD, NATIONAL TREASURER ROSALIA V. DE LEON SENATE OF THE PHILIPPINES represented by FRANKLIN M. DRILON m his capacity as SENATE PRESIDENT and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES represented by FELICIANO S. BELMONTE, JR. in his capacity as SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE, Respondents

Vinuya, et. al. v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 162230, April 28, 2010. Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989

9.  Delegation of powers a.  Concept b.  Instances of Permissible Delegation c.  Examples of invalid delegation d.   Tests for valid valid delegation delegation Recommended readings: Belgica v. Hon. Exec. Sec. Ochoa, supra. Ynot v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 148 SCRA 659

10. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

a.  Who may exercise legislative power i.  Congress ii.  Regional/Local legislative power iii.  People’s initiative on statutes  statutes  1)  Initiative and referendum iv.  The President President under a martial law law rule or in a revolutionary revolutionary government Read: May 2017 Martial Law Cases b.  Houses of Congress

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i.  Senate 1)  Composition 2)  Manner of election 3)  Qualifications of a Senator 4)   Term of office office 5)   Term limit 6)  Vacancy 7)  Salary ii.  House of Representatives 1)  Composition 2)  Manner of election 3)  Qualifications of a Member of HOR 4)   Term of office office 5)   Term limit 6)  Vacancy 7)  Salary 8)  District representatives and questions of apportionment a) Ways by which the membership of HOR can be increased b) Gerrymandering 9)  Party-list system a) Philosophy of the party-list system b) Nature c) Guidelin Guidelines es for f or screening Party-List Participants. P articipants. d) INVIOLABLE PARAMETERS TO DETERMINE THE WINNERS in a Philippine-style Philippine-st yle party-list election   Required readings: Sema vs. Comelec ATONG PAGLAUM, INC represented by its President, Mr. Alan Igot v. Comelec, G.R. No. 203766, April 2, 2013 [Consolidated decision on 54 petitions] (Justice Carpio) Veterans Federation Party v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 136781 and Companion Cases, Oct. 6, 2000, En Banc BANAT v. Comelec Ang Bagong Bayani (later case), June 2003.

c.  Legislative privileges 8)  Privilege from arrest 9)  Privilege of speech and of debate (i)  Purpose of each Required readings: People v. Jalosjos Sen. Trillanes IV v. Judge Oscar Pimentel Osmena v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 Pobre v. Santiago , A.C. No. 7399, August 25, 2009

d.  Disqualifications of members of Congress 1)  Incompatible Office i)  Meaning ii)  Purpose of prohibition iii)  Exceptions 2)  Forbidden Office i)  Meaning ii)  Purpose of prohibition

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Read: Adaza v. Pacana, 135 SCRA 431 3)  Appearance as counsel 4)  Financial interest

e.  Sessions of Congress 1)  Meaning of “in session”  session”  2)  Kinds of sessions 3)   Joint sessions sessions i)  Voting separately: Instances ii)  Voting jointly: Instances f.  Quorum and voting majorities 1)  Meaning of quorum 2)  Kinds of majorities Required readings: Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 Arroyo v. De Venecia, 277 SCRA 268, Aug. 14, 1997

g.  Discipline of members 1)  Disorderly behavior 2)  Requisites for suspension or expulsion 3)  Soft impeachment   Bodies attached to Congress Electoral tribunals and the Commission on Appointments a.  b.  c.  d. 

Composition Nature Comparison Powers Required readings: Regina Ongsiako Reyes v. Comelec, 2013 Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792 Tanada v. Cuenco, 100 Phil. 1101 Imelda Romualdez Marcos v. Comelec Guerrero v. Comelec

POWERS OF CONGRESS a. Classification of powers of Congress in general 1)  Legislative i)  Legislative inquiries and the oversight functions ii)  Bicameral conference committee iii)  Limitations on legislative power a)  Limitations on revenue, appropriations and tariff measures b)  Presidential veto and Congressional override 2) Non-legislative i)  Informing function ii)  Power of impeachment iii)  Other non-legislative powers b.  Process of law-making 1)  Origin of bills 2)  One subject one title rule

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i)  Objectiv Objectives es of the rule ii)  Rider   3)   Three readings readings on separate separate days rule rule i)  Enrolled bill doctrine ii)  Matters which are required to be entered in the journal iii)  Enrolled bill vs. Journal 4)   The rule on presentment presentment of bills or bill presentment presentment i)  Options available to the President which are also the three methods by which a bill may become a law

5)  Veto power of the President i)  Kinds of veto ii)  Doctrine of Inappropriate Provision

Required readings: James Imbong, et. al. v. Hon. Paquito Ochoa, G. R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014 (consolidated decision on the RH Law) Tolentino v. Sec. of Finance, 235 Finance, 235 SCRA 630 Agripino A. De Guzman, Jr., et al. v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 129118, July 19, 2000, en Banc Arroyo v. De Venecia, 277 Venecia, 277 SCRA 268, Aug. 14, 1997 Bengzon v. Drilon , 208 SCRA 133 Gonzales v. Macaraig

c.  Principle of Bicameralism 1)  Bicameral Conference Committee 2)  Nature of function Required readings: Belgica v. Executive Secretary Ochoa, supra. Philippine Judges Ass’n v. Secretary v.  Secretary Prado, 227 SCRA 203 Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630

(1)  The Power of Appropriation Appropriation a)  Meaning of appropriation law and its classification b)  Automatic reappropriation c)  Congress power to abolish the PDAF d)  Executive impoundment in relation to appropriation e)  Prohibition against transfer of appropriations augmentation  f)  Doctrine of augmentation  g)  Discretionary funds Required readings: Maria Carolina P. Araullo, et. al. v. Benigno Simeon Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014 Philconsa v. Enriquez, 1994

(2)  Congressional oversight powers and functions a)  Definition and explanation b)   Three categories categories of congressiona congressionall oversight powers and and functions 1) Legislative scrutiny i) Instances of oversig oversight ht function of scrutiny 2) Legislative Legislative investigation investigation i) Limitations ii) Legislative contempt iii) Question Hour vs. Legislative Investigation 3)  Legislative supervision i)  Legislative veto

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Required and recommended readings: Macalintal v. COMELEC Senate v. Ermita Matibag v. Benipayo Arnault v. Nazareno , 87 Phil. 29 [1950] Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee , 203 SCRA 767 Standard Charter Bank v. Senate Committee on Banks Neri v. Senate Committees, ABAKADA Guro Party-list v. Secretary Purisima, August 2008

(3)  Power of taxation (4)  War powers of Congress (5)  Power to act as Board of Canvassers in election of President [Sec. 4, Art. VII] (6)  Power to call a special election for President and Vice President [Sec. 10, Art. VII] (7)  Power to judge President’s physical fitness to discharge the functions of the Presidency [Sec. 11, Art. VII] (8)  Power to revoke or extend suspension suspension of the privilege privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or declaration of martial law [Sec. 18, Art. VII] (9)  Power to concur in Presidential amnesties (10)  Concurrence of majority of all the members of Congress [Sec. 19, Art. VII] (11)  Power to concur in treaties or international agreements (12)  Concurrence of at least 2/3 of all members of the Senate [Sec. 21, Art. VII] (13)  Power to confirm certain appointments/nominations made by the President (14)  Power of Impeachment [Sec. 2, Art. XI] (15)  Power relative to natural resources [Sec. 2, Art. XII] (16)  Power to propose to amendments to the Constitution [Secs. 1 and 2, Art. XVII] 13.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

The President and the Vice President a.  Qualifications b.  Manner of election c.   Term of office office d.   Term limit e.   The Presidential Presidential Election Election Tribunal Tribunal f.  Oath or affirmation affirmation g.  Salaries h.  Rules of Succession   1) Permanent vacancy vacancy 2)   Temporary v acancy Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15, March 2, 2001, en Banc [Puno]  

i.  Privileges, inhibitions and disqualifications 1)  Presidential immunity Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15, Mar. 2, 2001, en Banc [Puno]

2) Executive privilege i) Meaning Senate v. Ermita Neri v. Senate Committees

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3)  Inhibitions and disqualifications: i)  Holding any other office or employment ii)  Practice of profession iii)  Participation in business iv)  Financial interest v)  Conflict of interest

 j.  Powers of the President 1)  Executive and administrative powers in general i)  Extent of executive power Na tional tional Electrification Admi’n v . CA Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989

2)  Power of appointment appointment i)  In general ii)  Classification of appointments iii)  Confirmation by the Commission on Appointments i. Groups of officers who are to be appointed by the President under Section 16, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution, Constitution, and identify those officers whose appointments shall require confirmation  by confirmation  by the Commission on Appointments iv)  Steps in the appointing process v)  Special constitutional limitations on the President’s appointing power vi)  Midnight appointments Required and recommended readings: Atty. Cheloy Velicaria-Garafil v. Office of the President, G. R. No. 203372, June 16, 2015, ( Consolidated Consolidated decision   ) Arturo de Castro v. Judicial and Bar Council, March 17, 2010 Binamira v. Garrucho, 188 SCRA 154 Valencia v. Peralta, 8 SCRA 692 Matibag v. Benipayo, Manalo v. Sistoza, 312 SCRA 239, Aug. 11, 1999, En Banc [Purisima]) Tarrosa v. Singson (232 SCRA 553), Lacson v. Romero, 84 Phil. 740 Pimentel v. Ermita, De Rama v. CA,

3)  Power of removal 4)  Power of control and supervision i)  Definition ii)  Doctrine of qualified political agency iii)  Executive departments and offices iv)  Power over Local government units Required readings: Biraogo v. PTC of 2010 Domingo v. Zamora, Atty. Sylvia Banda, et.al v. Ermita, GR 1666620, April 20, 2010 MEWAP v. Romulo DENR v. DENR Region XII Employees (2003) City of Iligan v. Director of Lands Lacson-Magallanes vs. Pano Gascon vs. Arroyo, 178 SCRA 582 Gloria vs. CA, 2000

5)  Military powers

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i)   Three powers powers of the President President in Section Section 18, Article Article VII ii)  Distinctions of the three iii)  Constitutional limitations on these powers iv)  Olaguer doctrine   v)  Lansang doctrine   Required and recommended readings: Fortun v. Arroyo (Martial Law in the Province of Maguindanao) May 2017 Martial Law Cases Integrated Bar of the Philippines v. Hon. Ronaldo B. Zamora, G.R. Zamora,  G.R. No. 141284, Aug. 15, 2000, En Banc [Kapunan]) David v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006 Montenegro v. Baker, Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448  448  Enrile v. Morales Lacson v. Perez, Sanlakas vs. Reyes Aquino vs. Military Commission No. 2, 63 SCRA 546 Olaguer vs. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144

6)  Pardoning power 1)  Nature and limitations 2)  Doctrine of non-diminution or non- impairment impairment of the President’s  power of pardon pardon by acts of Congress   3)  Instances in which the President cannot grant pardon 4)  Forms of executive clemency 5)  Amnesty vs. pardon Required readings: Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal, petitioner, Alfredo Lim, petitioner-  intervenor v. Comelec and Joseph Ejercito Estrada, G. R. No. 206666, January 21, 2015 People v. de Garcia Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, 301 SCRA 96, Jan. 19, 1999, En Banc In Re: Wilfredo Sumulong Torres, 251 SCRA 709, Dec. 29, 1995 Espuelas v. Provincial Warden of Bohol

7)  Diplomatic power i) In general ii) Treaty vs. international agreement Read: Vinuya, et.als. v. Romulo, et. als., als. , supra

8)  Powers relative to appropriation measures i)  Budgetary power Maria Carolina P. Araullo, et. al. v. Benigno Simeon Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014  

9)  Borrowing power 10) Delegated Delegated powers 11) Veto Veto powers 12) Residual Residual powers IMPEACHMENT of the President 14.

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

a.   The Supreme Supreme Court 1)  Composition 2)  Qualifications of Members of SC 3)  Salaries of Members of SC

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4)  Age limit 5)  How shall the SC sit i)  Cases to be decided en banc   ii)   Jurisdicti  Jurisdiction on over cases cases under the Constitution Constitution 6)  Vacancy in the SC 7)  Powers of the SC 8)  Expansion of SC appellate jurisdiction by Congress b.   Judicial power power c.   Judicial review review 1)  Political question doctrine 2)  Requisites of judicial review 3)  Moot questions 4)  Operative fact doctrine 5)  Effects of declaration declaration of unconstitutionality unconstitutionality Requisites of partial unconstitutionality

Required readings: Conchita Carpio Morales, in her capacity as the Ombudsman v. Court of Appeals and Jejomar Erwin S. Binay, Jr., G.R. Jr.,  G.R. Nos. 217126-27, November 10, 2015. Metropolitan Manila Development Authority v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, 643 SCRA 90 (2011) Vargas v. Rilloraza Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary David v. Arroyo People v. Vera Matibag v. Benipayo Araullo v. Aquino, DAP case Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice

d.   Judicial and and Bar Council Council 1)  Composition [Sec. 8(1), Article VIII] 2)  Functions 3)  Appointments to the Judiciary Chavez v. JBC, 2013 Ferdinand Villanueva v. JBC, G.R. No. 211833, April 7, 2015  

e.  Safeguards of Judicial independence

15. 

CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS: CSC, COMELEC, COA

a.  Constitutional safeguards to ensure independence of commissions b.  Powers and functions of each commission c.   Jurisdict  Jurisdiction ion of each each constitutional constitutional commission commission d.  Review of final orders, resolutions and decisions 1)  Rendered in the exercise of quasi-judicial functions 2)  Rendered in the exercise exercise of administrative administrative functions

REFERENCES: The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines P hilippines Isagani A. Cruz, Philippine Political Law Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Constitutional Law Annotated, Volume 1 Suarez, Political Law Reviewer Nachura, Outline Reviewer in Political Law Bernas, The 1987 Philippine Constitution: A Comprehensive Reviewer Prof. Edwin Rey Sandoval, Compilation of Decided Cases in Political Law

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 The professor reserves the right to amend or modify the foregoing course outline as exigencies may warrant. The user-reader is reminded that a systematic arrangement of ideas like the arrangement of topics and subtopics, even lifted from other writers provided there is proper citation, is copyrightable. Hence, in using this course syllabus including this course outline, proper citation should also be made whenever necessary. This course outline is in no way claimed as an authoritative piece of work on the subject. Comments and suggestions will be highly appreciated.

Prepared by:

(Original signed) Atty. NORHABIB BIN SUOD S. BARODI, Sh. L. Assistant Professor IV Approved by:

(Original signed) Atty. MACACUNA A. MOSLEM, Ph. D. Former Dean

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