Swine Management- Eg's

SWINE MANAGEMENT AMY M. GONZALES-EGUIA Mobile No. 0998 544 0305 ATI-International TI-Internation al Training Training Center Center on Pig Husbandry Husbandr y Marawoy, Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

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FARM MANAGEMENT Feeding Breeding Health Aspects of pig production Economics

Housing Record Keeping

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Farm Management • coordination and planning of farm activities • Establishing and maintaining good working environment

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large litter size at weaning fast growers efficient feed converter good quality carcass 4

Systems Systems of Operation

• Sow-weaner operation • Farrow to finish operation • Finisher production • Breeder Farm • Boar Operation/AI Center 5

SELECTION OF BOARS •

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Masculinity in appearance and action clearly visible primary sex organs uniformly hanging equal-sized testicles

 Se  S ex C har acter 

Don’t

Touch!!

Ideal Testicle Size

testicles . •A boar should have large even testicles. to produce earlier • A boar with large testicles is most likely to maturing daughters. daughters.

Bad testicle examples

Small Testicles

Uneven Testicles

Small Uneven Testicles

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6 months at the time of selection serious faults in conformation as well as desirable traits are developed enough at this age select a boar which is tested for fertility

 Agg e  A

Number, spacing and presentation of live teats

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(at least 12)

R epr oduct uctii ve  so  s oundness

Boars should have a high quality underline with as many teats placed as far forward as possible

longer bodied and more desirable 4 Teats Placed Above the Sheath

3 Teats Placed Above the Sheath

Pin Nipples / Bad Spacing / None Functional Teats

Boar should have a larger and more defined sheath sheath..

Small Sized Sheath

Medium Sized Sheath

Large Sized Sheath

Selection of boars with heritable defects can be avoided by careful analysis of the source herd production records. umbilical or inguinal hernias  umbilical  cryptorchidism  rectal prolapse  poor underlines

B ody co conf nfo or mati on •

Well-proportioned body length, depth and height

Determine the weaknesses of the gilts and sows in the herd to make necessary adjustments

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Both genetic and environment environment determine the performance of swine herd. Genetic contribution is determined by boars and gilts selected program program used u sed

breeding

Climate

Housing

Nutrition

Management

Can hinder the genetic expression of performance trait

• TRANSPORT of BOARS

TRANSPORT of BOARS

• Minimize stress, diseases or injuries • no feeding 11-2 hours before loading

• safe, wellwell-built loading and unloading facilities

TRANSPORT of BOARS

• clean & disinfect truck for loading • suitable bedding and protection • divider when hauling unfamiliar unfamiliar boars • avoid harsh handling • Consider loading density

ARRIVAL AT THE FARM Rest in a clean, dry , warm and draft free pen Isolation

Acclimatization

ISOLATION/QUARANTINE • 30 DAYS • feed & check at the end of the day • no medicated feed • observe signs of diseases • deworm/vaccinate

ACCLIMATIZATION • 3 weeks • Blood tests against diseases • exposure to breeding barn manure • housed adjacent to culled sows or

market gilts

COM OMM MON PRO ROBL BLE EMS

• Abnormal or poor semen production

• Disease • high temperature • over-use

COM OMM MON PRO ROBL BLE EMS

• Poor sex drive

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Bullied

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injury

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laziness (hot weather)

COM OMM MON PRO ROBL BLE EMS

Physical disorders

• Feet sores & cracks • arthritis • injuries to muscles/ligaments

Frequency of Use Boar Age

Service Interval

8-12 months

5-10 days

>1 year

3-4 days

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS • acclimatize boars before use 1st “use” at 8 months old ideal ratio: 1 AI boar: 50-100

Regular Regul ar Boar Activ Activities ities 4-6 months

Selection

6-7 months

Acclimatization

7-8 months

Training

8-12 months

collection: 1x/wk

(max 2X) >12 months

collection: 2-3x/week

30-36 months

Planned culling

Summary • Proper Management of herd boars returns big dividends to pig producer. • Many potential problems starting from selection up to culling largely contribute to expenditure if not detected and prevented prevented early.

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Selection of Gilts

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Selection of Gilts The aim of selecting gilts is to keep animals that you expect to raise the most piglet / sow/ year ear with withou outt gene geneti ticc abno abnorm rmal alit itie ies. s.

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Selection of Gilts

• Don’t choose gilts with w ith small infantile vulva or abnormal vulva! 37

• Upturned vulvas

difficult for a boar  to naturally breed

Ideal Vulva • proportional in size with the tip pointing downward Infantile Vulva • •

hard to breed naturally or by AI abnormally smaller Reproductive tract on the inside than normal may have difficulty in farrowing

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Welldeveloped underlines or mammary glands!

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NO INVERTED TEATS!!!

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• Good mothering ability!!!

L ar g e lilittter si sizze 41

• Strong back for longevity • Strong legs

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buy 6 monthsmonths-old gilts house gilts near the boar Breed on the 2nd - 3rd estrus 8 months old 130130-150 kg Flush 2 weeks before before breeding Move to the pens for D/P sows before breeding

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FEEDING need adequate feed for

longer productive life 130kgs at 7 months 1818-20 mm back fat 3-4kgs of feed for 2

weeks before breeding 30003000-3200 kcal DE 45

What you need to know about gilt’s exposure to light? Gilts exposed to 14-18 hours light: • Reach puberty earlier  •There is no differenc difference e in ovulation rate. • Both gilts and the boar are sexually more active.

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Boar Exposure • essential to stimulate heat • very young gilts not less than 160 days old • use mature boars >10 months old • allow 10-15 minutes per exposure • direct or fence-line • rotation of boars

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Breeding On or before 8 months  Cycled 2 or 3 times  130130-150 kgs LW 

BREED ON

GOOD STANDING HEAT 48

Management of Dry Sows

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Management of Dry Sows • Keep sow in good health and body condition • Lactation period not longer than 6 weeks • No feed on weaning day • Newly weaned sow to paddocks • Expose weaned sows to the boar  • Check for heat 2x a day 50

• Observe right timing of insemination • Breed only good sows; cull bad ones • Provide exercise • 8 parity sows and older have longer dry periods • Negative effect of heat stress on onset of estrus

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DRY SOW PROGRAM 1 - 10 days flushing 4.0 KG/DAY   maximum of 10 days or until the day before service/insemination 52

WHY FLUSHING???

 BODY RECONDITIONING  PROMOTES OVULATION 53

Breeding Management

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BREEDING METHODS

 Natural Mating

Artificial Insemination Insemination

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A successful insemination insemin ation is the rew reward ard for good heat detection.

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Management Management of Pregnant Sows

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Sow Production Cycle Day

Activities

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breeding

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first heat control

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second heat control

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increase feed gift

100

first mange treatment

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deworming

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second mange treatment

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decrease feed gift

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expected farrowing date

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PREGNANT SOW PROGRAM When and how to check pregnancy? CHECK

RECORDS!!!

heat

control

21 & 42 days 59

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Check External Signs !!!

Enlargement of the udder and abdomen (3 months after service) 60

UltrasoundUltrasound- Doppler test

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SCANNER

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100 days 1st mange treatment 104 days deworming 63

107 days 2

nd

mange treatment

transfer to farrowing pen change to lactating feed 64

111 days decrease feed 2.0 kg/day inject vit. ADE 65

114 114 da days +/+/- 3Da 3Days

Day of farrowing

farrowing day : NO FEED but with water 66

PIGLET ACTIVITIES Day farrowing time: 0

- disinfec disinfection tion of umbilica umbilicall cord  - cutting cutting of of needle needle teeth/ teeth/ tail tail docking   _ identification identification (EARTAGGING)

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PIGLET ACTIVITIES Day 0-3

iron injection

5 - 10

castration

28 - 30

weaning  – 6 to 8 kg BW

30-60

vaccination

 _ hog cholera Deworm piglets one week after Hog Cholera Vaccination 68

On first few days after farrowing, carefully observe for any disease condition and inadequate milk production 69

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Provide clean, dry, draft free environment with temp of 30-32oC

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Extra care during 1st 3-5 days

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Minimize crushing

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 Assist piglets to suckle 70

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Supplement feed or do fostering

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Solid feed as earl early y as poss possib ible le

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Prevent Anemia

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Wean not earlier earlier than 21 days 71

LACTATING SOW PROGRAM

weaning 28 – 30 days remove the sow not the piglets 72

Management of Weaners

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HELPFUL TIPS ON WEANERS Remove the sow and not the piglets Transfer 3-5 days d ays after  Avoid mixing litters on 1st week  Provide enough space Fresh drinking water  Re-group weaners 74

Feeding Considerations Ensure piglets are used to solid feed at weaning Reduce feed at weaning Small amount per feeding Better use mash or wet feeds Ad libitum feeding when they are 20-25 kg

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MINIMIZE STRESS Give anti-stress Transfer during coldest part of the day d ay Provide warm welcome (30 (30oC) Avoid overcrowding Make feed & water accessible Provide good environment & good feed Minimize incidence of fighting 76

Finisher Management

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FATTENER MANAGEMENT On the day of transfer to new pen

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group pigs according to size give plenty of water  give little amount of feeds separate weak & sick pigs prevent fighting 78

FATTENER MANAGEMENT 1 - 4 days days aft after er tra transf nsfer  er  gradual increase in amount of feeds given 5 days after transfer  give proper amount & quality of feeds 7 days after transfer  deworming / mange treatment

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FEEDING METHODS AD LIBITUM

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RESTRICTED

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AD LIBITUM UNTIL 50 KG. THEN RESTRICTED

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WHAT IS CULLING? Removal of unwanted / unproductive animals in the herd...

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PLANNED VS UNPLANNED CULLING Planned culling is based on :  age  poor performance

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PLANNED VS UNPLANNED CULLING Unplanned culling includes:  lameness  diseases

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Pointers on Culling of sows  age  litter size  fertility & prolificacy  milk production  quality of piglets  feet and leg

problem  damaged udder 85

F or fa fass ter i mpr prove ovem ment of  produ  pr oducc ti on effic effi c i enc encyy of th the herd rd,, MA MA K E C ULL LLING ING A  A PA R T OF O F Y O UR MANAGEMENT…... 86

End of Management Thanks for Listening!!!

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