Sutong and Stonecutters Bridge

Norsk Ståldag 2008 Oslo 29 October 2008

Danish Engnieers behind the World's largest Cable Stayed Bridges: Sutong and Stonecutters Bridge Tina VEJRUM Senior Project Manager, Bridges - COWI A/S

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3 November 2008

Cable Stayed Bridges

#

Span

Year

Location

y

Sutong

1088 m

2008

China

y

Stonecutters

1018 m

2009

Hong Kong, China

y

Tatara

890 m

1999

Japan

y

Pont de Normandie

856 m

1995

France

y

2nd Incheon

800 m

2009

South Korea

y

Chongming

730 m

2008

China

y

MinPu

708 m

y

3rd Nanjing

648 m

2005

China

y

2nd Nanjing

628 m

2001

China

y

Jintang

620 m

2008

China

y

Baishazhou

618 m

2000

China

y

Qingzhou

605 m

2003

China

y

Yangpu

602 m

1993

China

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3 November 2008

China

The Sutong bridge is - at present - the world's largest cable-stayed bridge

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3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge, 2008 y

Total Bridge length 8146m

y

Main Bridge (Cable Stayed Bridge) 100 + 100 + 300 + 1088 + 300 + 100 + 100m spans

Special Fairway Bridge (Rigid Frame balanced cantilever bridge)

y

140+ 268 +140m spans

Approach Bridge

y

Spans 30m, 50m or 75 m concrete girders

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3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Involved Parties Client: Jiangsu Province Sutong Bridge Construction Commanding Department

y

Designer: y

HPDI

y

Various sub-consultants incl. TongJi University

Chinese Design Checker: BRDI

y

International Consultant and Design Checker: COWI A/S

y

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3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Key Issues

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y

Significant Ship traffic

y

High Design Wind (typhoon area)

y

Strong Currents

y

Poor Soil Conditions

y

306 m High Concrete Pylons

y

Record Main Span

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3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge Ship traffic on the Yangtze River

2000 ships crosses the bridge alignment every day

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7

3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge Main Bridge - Elevation

Concrete Pylons Closed Steel Box Girder Parallel wire cable stays

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8

3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge Pylons

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9

3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge Main Bridge Cross Section

Typical steel weight = 24 t/m Maximum weight of a segment = 450t

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10

3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge Aerodynamic Investigations

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y

Numerical Studies, incl DVMFlow

y

Section Model - Tongji

y

Large Scale Section Model (High Re) – Tongji /Force Technology

y

Free standing Pylon - Tongji

y

Cable Stay – drag coefficient – Tongji/CARDC

y

Rain-wind induced vibrations of cable stays – Tongji/CARDC

y

Full Bridge Model - Tongji

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3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge Pylon Foundations

Pile group dimension: 48 x 114 m 131nos Ø2.8m 120m long in-situ cast bored piles Capacity of each pile 100 MN (with full scour) Max UR= 0.88 (Safety factor = 2.0) #

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3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Construction August 2006

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3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Main Span Construction

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3 November 2008

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15

Sutong Bridge - Main Span Closure, June 2007

3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Finishing Works

Surfacing Stay Cable Dampers #

16

3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Load Test

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17

3 November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Opened for Traffic 2008

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18

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge, Hong Kong S.A.R. NEW TERRITORIES

SHA TIN

KOWLOON AIRPORT

HONG KONG ISLAND

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19

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Location

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3 November 2008

STONECUTTERS BRIDGE Design Competition

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3 November 2008

January 2000

Stonecutters Bridge - Involved Parties

Client: y

Highways Department, Hong Kong S.A.R.

Designer: y

Ove Arup & Partners, Ltd.

y

COWI A/S

Contractor: y

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3 November 2008

MHYH JV (Maeda - Hitachi - Yokogawa - Hsin Chong Joint Venture)

Stonecutters Bridge Key Issues - in Relation to Bridge Site

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y

Prominent Location

y

Typhoon Winds

y

Spanning the Entrance to Kwai Chung Container Port

y

Record Main Span

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3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Typhoons

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24

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - the Container Terminals

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3 November 2008

#

26

3 November 2008

Winning Design - upper part of tower in steel

- two cable planes in a curvilinear array - central circular tower

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3 November 2008

- twin deck with curved soffit

Design Competition Winner (September 2000) Design Competition #

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3 November 2008

Reference Scheme

Design & Construction Consultancy

Stonecutters Bridge Key Issues - in Relation to Reference Scheme

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y

Articulation

y

Tower Design

y

Deck Design

y

Aerodynamic Response

y

Navigation during Construction

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3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Supports at Tower

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3 November 2008

All-concrete Tower

RS Tower

Wind Tunnel Test Results - Peak Responses

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3 November 2008

Condition

Deflection (Max)

In-service, smooth flow

0.46 m

In-service, turbulent flow

0.45 m

Free, smooth flow

0.32 m

Free, turbulent flow

0.43 m

In-service, smooth flow

0.07 m

In-service, turbulent flow

0.05 m

Free, smooth flow

0.16 m

Free, turbulent flow

0.09 m

Stonecutters Bridge - Tower Options Tower response, DMI WT tests + deskstudy

1 0.9 0.8

Peak tower amplitude [m]

0.7

All Steel

0.6

0.5 0.4

Comp 1

0.3

0.2

Comp 2

0.1

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Scruton no., Sc

DMI wind tunnel test results, turbulent flow DMI test results, October 2001, turbulent flow GVPO fit to DMI test results, 1. procedure, Desk study report GVPO fit to DMI test results, 2. procedure, Desk study report DMI Test results, October 2001, Smooth flow #

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3 November 2008

70

80

Stonecutters Bridge - Tower/Cable Interaction

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3 November 2008

Displacement [m]

Stonecutters Bridge Linear Resonance/Parametric Excitation 10 Displacement of Stay 20 8

Displacement of tower top

6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 Time [sec] -10 0

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34

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25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

400

Stonecutters Bridge Composite Upper Tower

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3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Deck Section

Reference Scheme deck section

Modified deck section

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36

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Wind Studies 40

V i 20 Vm

Typhoon York, North Wind 0 0

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37

3 November 2008

600

1200

1800 t i

2400

3000

3600

Stonecutters Bridge - Wind Tunnel Testing

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38

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge ULS Bending Moment Envelopes, Live Load

ULS Bending Moment Envelopes (MNm)

150 Hogging moment

100 50 0 -600

-400

-200

0

200

-100 Sagging moment

Highway Loading Distance from centre of bridge (m)

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39

600

-50

-150

3 November 2008

400

Mean Wind Mean Wind & Buffeting

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cables, Effect of Type

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40

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Navigation Simulations

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41

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - General Arrangement

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42

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Cross Section, General Arrangement

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43

3 November 2008

Deck Fabrication in Shanhaiguan

Stay Cable Manufacture in Jiangyin

Steel Supply from Japan (and elsewhere)

Deck Assembly in Shatian

Tower Steelwork Fabrication in Zhongshan

Site Erection in Hong Kong

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44

3 November 2008

Stainless Steel Supply from Sweden

Stonecutters Bridge Towers - Stainless Steel Reinforcement

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45

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Construction - Lower Tower

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46

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Steelwork Fabrication

Stainless Steel 1.4462 (Duplex)

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47

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Steelwork Fabrication - Trial Assembly

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48

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Steelwork Installation

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49

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Deck Panel Fabrication, Shanhaiguan

Structural Steel S420M/ML #

50

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Trial Mock-up, Shanhaiguan

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51

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Deck Assembly, Shatian

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52

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Completed Deck Segment, Shatian

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53

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Heavy Lift of Back Span Steel Deck

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54

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Heavy Lift of Back Span Steel Deck

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3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Heavy Lift of Back Span Steel Deck: 2 x 2000t

2m

2m

78.5 mPD

+

78.5 mPD

+

4m

4m

+50.0 mPD +50.0 mPD

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3 November 2008

2m

Stonecutters Bridge Lifting of Main Span Deck Segment, Hong Kong

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3 November 2008

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3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Main Span Construction, Sept. 2008

Maximum Weight:

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3 November 2008

570t

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cable Manufacture, Jiangyin

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60

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cable Testing, CTL (USA)

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61

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cable Delivery, Hong Kong

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62

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Stay Cable Installation

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63

3 November 2008

Lateral Bearings Testing, FIP (Italy)

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64

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Lateral Bearings, Installation

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65

3 November 2008

Hydraulic Buffers - Testing, FIP (Italy)

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66

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Hydraulic Buffers - Installation

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67

3 November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Predicted Main Span Closure: Beginning of 2009

Key Figures Structural Steel: Deck Segments

#

Stay Cables: 33,500t

Weight

7,200t

Anchor Boxes

1,000t

Longest Stay Cable, Length

540m

SS Skins

1,600t

Longest Stay Cable, Weight

75t

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3 November 2008