SURFACTANTS ppt-1

SURFACTANTS

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Kar i s hma maDh Dhuri ,Si ddhes hJuvekar,SukanyaDa Das , ShrutiMane  V ,i ni t aBas ant ani ,Bhagyes hri Gurav,Pri yankaChakot e,Sri ni vas ,Kashmi ra Kat he

I NTRODUCTI ON 

Sur f ac e ac t i v eage nt s/ s ur f ac t ant smo mo l e c ul e s whi c har eac t i v eati nt e r f ac e sandpo s s e s sbo t h p o l a r( hydr o phi l i c )andn o n p o l a r( hydr o pho bi c ) c har ac t e r i s t i c si nt hes amemo mo l e c ul e .

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tension (or interfacial Surfactants lower the surface tension (or tension) between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.

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I NTRODUCTI ON 

Sur f ac e ac t i v eage nt s/ s ur f ac t ant smo mo l e c ul e s whi c har eac t i v eati nt e r f ac e sandpo s s e s sbo t h p o l a r( hydr o phi l i c )andn o n p o l a r( hydr o pho bi c ) c har ac t e r i s t i c si nt hes amemo mo l e c ul e .

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tension (or interfacial Surfactants lower the surface tension (or tension) between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.

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Whens urf act ant saredi s s ol vedi nwat er t heyori ent at eatt hesurf aces ot hatt he hydr ophobi cr egi onsarer emo movedf r om t he aqueousenvi r onment .

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Hydrophobic group consist of alkyl chain (long, short, branched). Hydrophilic group consist of alcoholic, quaternary ammonium ,carboxylic.

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CLASSI FI CATI ON

Bas edon   chemi cal s t r uc t ur e

Anionic

Cationic

Non ionic

Amphoteric

Hydrophi l i cgroup ofmol ecul e carri es–vecharge

Hydrophi l i cgroup ofmol ecul e carri es+vecharge

Nochar geon   hydrophi l i c   group

Mol ecul econt ai ns bot h+veand –vec harge

Eg: -sodi um l auryl   sul phat e, pot assi um l aurat e

Eg: -c e t r i mi de , Benzal koni um   c hl o r i de

Eg : -po l y s or ba t e s , Sorbi t onest ers

Eg: -sul phobet ai nes, NDodecyl N, Ndi met hyl bet ai ne

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Every surfactant forms micelles to exhibit its action when it is in the bulk of solution  A micelle is an aggregate of surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid.  Once the micelles are formed the surfactants can then act as detergents wetting agents solubli!ers suspending agents etc.  As we know the surfactants are amphiphilic two types of micelles are generally observed 

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NORMAL MI CELLES

I NVERSE MI I CELLES 7

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Micelles only form when the concentration of surfactant is greater than the critical micelle concentration (M), the temperature of the system is greater than the critical micelle temperature, or !raft temperature.

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!raft temperature" (!raft #oint) $emperature abo%e which, certain surfactants show a marked increase in solubili&ing power.

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'n a micelle, the hydrophobic tails flock to the interior in order to minimi&e their contact with water, and the hydrophilic heads remain on the outer surface in order to maximi&e their contact with water .

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MECHANI SM OFACTI ON 

Surfactants can work in three different ways"

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(a) ollup mechanism" $he surfactant lowers the fabric*solution interfacial tensions and in this way lifts the stain of the fabric.

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(b) +mulsification" $he surfactant lowers the oil solution interfacial tension and makes easy emulsification of the oil.

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(c) Solubili&ation" $hrough interaction with the micelles of a surfactant in a sol%ent (water), a substance spontaneously dissol%es to form a stable and clear solution

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ROLLUP MECHANI SM 

Thes urf act ant l owerst he oi l / s ol ut i onand f abr i c/ s ol ut i on i nt er f aci alt ens i ons andi nt hi swayl i f t s t hes t ai noft he f abr i c .

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Emul s i ficat i on 

Thes urf act ant l owerst heoi l s ol ut i oni nt er f aci al t ens i onandmakes easyemul s i ficat i on oft heoi l ys oi l s pos s i bl e.

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SOLUBI LI ZATI ON 

Thr oughi nt eract i onwi t ht hemi cel l esofa s urf act anti nas ol vent( wat er) ,as ubs t ance s pont aneous l ydi s s ol vest of orm as t abl e andcl ears ol ut i on.

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HYDROPHI LI CLI POPHI LI C BALANCE

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riffin described "ydrophilic#lipophilic balance scale for surfactant

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I ti st heme as ur eo ft hede gr e et owhi c ha s ur f ac t anti shydr o phi l co rl i po phi l i c .

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TheHLBs y s t e mi spar t i c ul ar l yus e f ult oi de nt i f y s ur f ac t ant sf o ro i landwat e re mul s i fic at i o n.

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$t is an arbitrary scale from % to&% depicting the "ydrophilic'ipophilic balance of a surfactant.

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1.

 ANI ONI C SURFACTANTS 1. SODI UM LAURYLSULPHATE ( SLS)

Chemi calf ormul a NaC12H25SO4 Mo l armas s  Appe ar anc e

288. 372g/ mo l whi t eo rc r e amc o l o r e ds o l i d

Odo r

o do r l e s s

De ns i t y

1. 01g/ c m3

Me l t i ngpo i nt

206° C( 403° F; 479K)

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Sens i t i vi t y I thasbee ns ho wnt oi r r i t at et hes ki no ft hef ac e , wi t hpr o l o ng e dandc o ns t ante x po s ur e .I nani mal s t udi e sSLSappe a r st oc aus es ki nandeye i rr i t at i on

I nt er act i onwi t hfluori de SLSi nt oo t hpas t emaydecr eas et he effect i venes soffluori de  atpr event i ngdent al c a v i t i e s ) . c a r i e s(

Tas t eal t er at i on Sodi um l auryls ul f at et empor ari l ydi mi ni s hes per cept i onofs weet nes s

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 APPLI CATI ONS 

SLSi sahi ghl ye ffe c t i v es ur f ac t antandi sus e di n anyt as kr e qui r i ngt her e mo v alo fo i l ys t ai nsa nd r e s i due s .

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I tc anbeus e dt oai di nl y s i ng   c el l sdur i ngDNA e x t r ac t i o nandf o runr a v e l i ngpr o t e i nsi nSDSPAGE

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Phar mac e ut i c al l ya sp r e o p e r a t i v e   s ki nc l e ane r ha vi ngbac t e r i o s t at i cac t i o n

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Compone ntofemul s i f yi ngwax. 18

2.DOCUSATESODI UM 

  Aqual ax,Cal ube ,Co l ac e ,Co l ac e Br andnames Mi c r o Ene ma,Co r r e c t o lSo f t g e lEx t r aGe nt l e

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  Do c us a t es ho ul dno tb eus e di n I nt eract i onsaddi t i o nt omi ne r a lo i last heemul s i fie rwi l l r e s ul ti nmi ne r alo i lbe i ngabs o r be dr at he rt han f unc t i o ni ngasal ubr i c a ntf o rt hebo we lwal l s , po s s i bl yr e s ul t i ngi nf o r e i g nb o dygr anul o ma s

  A ppl i c at i o ns -I ti sus e dasane x c i pi e nt   i nt he

pr o duc t i o no ft a b l e t s   ( asal ubr i c a nt )a nd s us pe ns i o ns   ( asane mul s i fie r ) . 

Di o c t y ls o di um s ul f o s uc c i nat ei sus e dasa s u r f a c t a n ti nawi der angeo fappl i c a t i o ns ,o f t e n undert henameAe r o s o l OT

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 ANI ONI C

BRAND NAME

SURFACTANT  Al ky le t he rpho s phat e s

EMPI PHOS®DF

Huns t s man

s e r i e s

I nt e r nat i o nal ,No i da,

DEHSCOFI X®904,

Ut t a rPr ade s h,I ndi a

905 SURFONI C® PE s e r i e s  ALKANATE®Ps e r i e s

 Al ky le t he rs ur f ac t ant ,  Av ane l ®S150CGN e t ho xy l at edROH

Av e ns aChe mi c al s , Gur ga o n

s ul f o nat e  Al ky le t he rs ur f ac t ant

 Av ane l ®S74

Av e ns aChe mi c al s , Gur ga o n

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CATI ONI C SURFACTANTS CETRI MI DE 1.  APPLI CATI ON : n  A t i mi c r o bi alpr e s e r v at i v ei ne y edr o p0. 005%

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w/ v   A nt i s e pe t i ci ns ki nbur nsandwo unds 0. 11% 

Us e dass ha mpo ot or e mo v es c a l ei ns e b o r r he a 1 3 %w/ w

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Us e dasc l e ans e randdi s i nf e c t antf o rhar dc o nt ac tl e ns e s

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I ngr e di e nt so fc e t r i mi dee mul s i f y i ngwaxando / wc r e am e g .Ce t r i mi dec r e a m

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ni o ni cs ur f ac t ant,c i t r at e ,no ni o ni c I NCOMPATI BI LI TY: -a s ur f at ant si nhi ghc o nc e nt r at i o n

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-i nge s t e do r a l l yc aus enaus e a,v omi t t i ng,mus c l e TOXI CI TY: p a r a l y s i s

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2. BENZYLKONI UM CHLORI DE

 -Ant i mi c r o bi alpr e s e r vat i v ei n  A PPLI CATI ON: o pht hal mi c0. 010. 02%w/ v 

Na s a l–0. 00 20 . 0 2%

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Par e nt r al–0. 01%

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I NCOMPATI BI LI TY: -ani o ni cs ur f ac t ant , c i t r a t e ,no ni o ni cs ur f ac t anti nhi ghc o nc .

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TOXI CI TY: -o t o t o xi c i t y appl i e dt oe ar

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s ki n-hype r s e ns i t i vi t yo npr o l o nge dc o nt ac t

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br o nc ho c o nt r i c t i o n-i nas t hamat i ci nne bul i z e r s o l ut i o n 22

CATI ONI C

BRAND NAME

COMPANY

EMPI GEN®As e r i e s

Re mf r y&Sagar

SURFACTANTS  Al ky l di me t h y l a mi ne s

 At t o r ne yAddr e s s

a nda l ky l

Mi l l e ni um Pl a z a ,

ami dopr opy l ami n

Se c t o r2 7 ,Gur g ao n

e s

122002.

Qua t e r ni s e d

 ALGENE®WF

a mi nee t ho x y l at e s

Huns t s man I nt e r nat i o nal ,No i da, Ut t a rPr a de s h,I ndi a

Quat er nar y

 ALGENE®s e r i e s

Re mf r y&Sagar

ammo ni um

EMPI GEN®BACs e r i e s

 At t o r ne yAddr e s s

c o mpo unds

EMPI GEN®BCCs e r i e s

Mi l l e ni um Pl a z a ,

EMPI GEN®BCM s e r i e s

Se c t o r2 7 ,Gur g ao n

EMPI GEN®CM s e r i e s

122002.

EMPI GEN®HBCs e r i e s 23

NONI ONI C SURFACTANTS 1.POL YOXYETHYLENEALKYLETHERS 

Cat egory:   Emul s i f yi ngag ent ,pe ne t r at i o ne nhanc e r , s o l ubi l i z i ngag entandwe t t i ngag ent

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I nc ompat i bi l i t i es  : Pr e s e nc eo fs t r o nge l e c t r o l yt ec an adv er s e l yaffe c tt hephy s i c a ls t abi l i t yo fe mul s i o n c o nt ai ni ngi t .

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Di s c o l o ur a t i o no rpr e c i pi t at i o nwi t hi o di de s ,me r c ur ys al t s , phe no l i cs ubs t anc e s , s al i c y l at e s ,s ul f o nami de s .

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I nc o mpat i bl ewi t hdr ugsl i kebe nz o c ai neando x i di z abl e drugs

 Ant i mi c r o bi ale ffic i e nc yo fs o mephe no l i cpr e s e r v at i v ei s r e d u c e dduet oh y dr o g e nbo ndi ng

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I r r i t at i o no bs e r v e datmo r et han20% c o nc e nt r at i o n

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Br ands :   Ce t o ma c r o g o l1 00 0, Cr e s me r1 00 0;2 5,Vo l po CS25,Pr o c o lCA2,Li po c o lC10,Br i j700

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2. SORBI TAN FATTYACI D ESTERS 

Ca t e g o r y :Di s pe r s i ngag e nt ,e mul s i f yi ngag e nt( 110%),no ni o ni cs ur f ac t ant ,s o l ubi l i z i ngage nt , s us pe ndi ngag e nt , we t t i ngag e nt( 0. 13%)

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Gr aduals o a pf o r mat i o ns e e nwi t hs t r o ngac i do r b a s e

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Nokno wni nc o mpat i bi l i t i e sa ndo nl yoc c as i o nal hype r s e ns i t i vi t yc as e sha vebe e nr e po r t e d.

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Da i l yi nt a ke2 5mg / kg

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Br a nds :Te goSML,De hy mul sSMO,Lame s o r b SMS,Pr o t ac hem STS 25

NONI ONI C

BRAND NAME

SURFACTANTS  Al ky l po l y s ac c har i de s

 ALKADET®s e r i e s

ZaubaTec hnol ogi es& Dat a

ECOTERI C®s e r i e s

Se r v i c e sPr i v at eLi mi t e d No1/ 10,I IFl o o r Ne arGat eNo9  APMCYar d,  Ye s hwant hpur Ba ng a l o r e-5 6002 2

 Al ky l ami ne

DEHSCOFI X® 947

Huns t s ma nI nt e r na t i o na l ,

e t ho xy l at e s

DEHSCOFI X® 990

No i da,Ut t a rPr a de s h,

EMPI LAN®As e r i e s I ndi a SURFONI C®Ts e r i e s TERI C®16 Ms e r i e s  Ami neo xi de s

EMPI GEN®O s e r i e s Huns t s ma nI nt e r na t i o na l , OXAMI N®s e r i e s

No i da,Ut t a rPr a de s h, I ndi a

 Al c o ho lEt ho xy l at e Lut e ns o l ®XP70

RamanandKi dar nat h

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GENERALAPPLI CATI ONS

Surfactants in suppository bases Many of these bases can be used for for both water +g) soluble and oil soluble drugs. polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (tween), polyoxyethylene stearates, and the sorbitan fatty acid esters (Span). #harmaceutical ad-u%ants $hey are added to the drugs as /oaming agents eg. Shampoos and 0ather Sha%ing . ream to stabili&e the foam. 27

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+mulsifying agents

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1hen oil is added in water containing surfactant, the oil is surrounded by surfactant

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WETTI NG AGENTS

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DETERGENTS

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Surfactants for contact lens cleaning 

Surfactants act as cleansers, which emulsify accumulated oils, lipids and inorganic compounds o%er contact lenses.

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Surfactant agents are utili&ed either with in a mechanical washing de%ice or by placing se%eral drops of the solution on the lens surface and gently rubbing the lens back and forth.

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REFERENCES 

Handbo o ko fe x c i pi e nt s

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