Super Resumão PRF 2021 - Novo

 

 

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[umãr`l OLXC ....................................... ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ............................................................ .....................8  3.  H@TN@XL KLO[X@X^K@L KLO[X@X^K@LOCJ OCJ .................................... ............................................................................ ..................................................... ............. >  4.  H@TN@XL CHM@O@[XTCX@U CHM@O@[XTCX@UL L .................................... ............................................................................ ................................................... ........... 38  ;.  H@TN@XL QNOCJ ....................................... .............................................................................. ....................................................................... ................................ 41 41  8.  H@TN@XL QTLKN[[^CJ QNOCJ ..................................... .............................................................................. ............................................. .... ;4  >.  H@TN@XL[ F^MCOL[ .................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................. ........................;7  5.  @OELTMÃX@KC............................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. .... 81  7.  JÍOG^C QLTX^G^N[C ....................................... ............................................................................... .......................................................... .................. 85  6.  XTÄO[@XL ................................... ............................................................................ ................................................................................. ............................................. ..... 86  0.  GNLQLJÍX@KC.............................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. .... 86  31.  JÍOG^C N[XTCOGN@ N[XTCOGN@TC TC ...................................................................... .............................................................................................. ........................86  33.  JNG@[JCÇËL N[QNK@CJ.................... ............................................................. ......................................................................... ................................86  34.  XNMC[ HN TNHCÇËL QTLUÃUN@[ QCTC C QTLUC HC QTE ...........................86 

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OLXC Qcrc njcdlrcr l prnsnotn mctnr`cj, elrcm `ovnst`hcs cjgumcs snmcocs cocj`scohl prlvcs cotnr`lrns hl KN[QN, duskcohl tnohéok`cs hc dcokc n nst`jl hn kldrcoçc hl klotnùhl. Cjàm hc coãj`sn hn prlvcs cotnr`lrns, pcrc c kloenkçël hl Tnsumël, tcmdàm jnvcmls nm klos`hnrcçël c pnrt`oéok`c tnmãt`kc, lu snic, cqu`jl qun tnm mc`lr rnjnväok`c pcrc l kcrgl hn cgnotn hc QTE. Kloelrmn `oelrmchl pnjl H`rntlr Nxnkut`vl hc QTE nm notrnv`stc á nqu`pn hl SD, tlhl prlknssl snjnt`vl hc QTE `rã duskcr cqunjn kcoh`hctl klm l pnre`j mc`s prûx`ml hl qun sn nspnrc pcrc snr plj`k`cj. Qlr `ssl, c pnrt`oéok`c tnmãt`kc à pcrt`kujcrmnotn `mplrtcotn. Klm nstn mctnr`cj, vlké klosngu`rã njnvcr sudstcok`cjmnotn c suc plotucçël oc prlvc. Ldv`cmnotn, qucotl mnols klofnk`mnotl vlké t`vnr, mc`s l Tnsumël T nsumël `rã tn ciuhcr. @mplrtcotn er`scr qun oël sn trctc hn umc rnv`sël, mcs hn um nstuhl nstrctàg`kl elkcohl oc mnjflr elrmc hn ‚ctcqun” klm um màtlhl qun cpnj`hcmls hn9 Nstuhl hn Gunrr`jfc ‛ `hncj pcrc nstuhcr qucohl ecjtc mu`tl plukl tnmpl pcrc c prlvc. C nstrctàg`c à hn qun vlké klos`gc cknrtcr c qunstël mnsml qun oël hlm`on l klotnùhl. Qlr `ssl, cklosnjfcmls qun nstuhn l mctnr`cj hc sngu`otn elrmc9 Jn`c, rnjn`c, sudj`ofn, ecçc coltcçþns. Mnmlr`zn snm notnohnr mnsml. Sucotl mc`s pcjcvrcs-kfcvns hls klotnùhls vlké mnmlr`zcr, mnjflr snrã snu hnsnmpnofl. Qcrc cjgumcs mctàr`cs, iã fã dcrcjfls hn pnrguotcs n rnsplstcs en`tl pnjl SD. Klosujtn c ãrnc hn mnmdrls hls cjuols. Oël trcvn h`cotn hn um klotnùhl. Oël fã tnmpl pcrc notnohnr tuhl qun nstã ol Tnsumël! Mnmlr`zn hn qucjqunr mcon`rc. Kchc mctàr`c ol Tnsumël el` trctchc hn cklrhl klm sucs pnkuj`cr`hchns9 cjgumcs mctàr`cs vnr`e`kcmls qun c prlvc elkc mc`s nm klofnk`mnotl hl t`pl ‚jntrc hn jn`”, klml Jng`sjcçël. Nm lutrcs, vnr`e`kcmls qun cs qunstþns sël mc`s hlutr`oãr`cs, klml k lml H`rn`tl Qnocj. Lutrc coãj`sn qun e`znmls el` hn ‚kustl x dnoneík`l”. Fã klot nùhls qun s`mpjnsmnotn oël sël

plssívn`s hn cprnohnr nm plukl tnmpl. Nm tc`s kcsls, prnenr`mls elkcr olssc nonrg`c nm klotnùhls mc`s eãkn`s hn css`m`jcr, oum kurtl nspcçl hn tnmpl. L qun vlké vc` noklotrcr ocs prûx`mcs pãg`ocs plhn ciuhcr ELTXNMNOXN oc suc cprlvcçël.

Oël sël mnrcs ‚cplstcs” hl qun ckrnh`tcmls qun vc` kc`r, mcs l rnsujtchl hn um grcohn nselrçl

hn coãj`sn. Nstc à c pr`mn`rc vnrsël hl Tnsumël. C snguohc vnrsël, klmpjntc, snrã jcoçchc cjguos h`cs cpûs l nh`tcj. [n vk t`vnr cjgumc ldsnrvcçël/sugnstël pcrc c vnrsël 4.1, hn`xn cqu` snu klmnotãr`l9 fttps9//elrms.gjn/z0YrHhmo;UODooGP6  fttps9//elrms.gjn/z0YrHhmo;UODooGP6  Dlos nstuhls! Nqu`pn SD

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3. H@TN@XL H@TN@XL KLO[X@X^K@LOC KLO[X@X^K@LOCJJ  3. 3.   H@TN@XL[ N GCTCOX@C[ E^OHCMNOXC@[ `mnh`ctc.. Cs olrmcs hne`o`hlrcs hls h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s tém cpj`kcçël `mnh`ctc H`rn`tl á v`hc9 cdsljutl,, onm mnsml c v`hc. Nm kcsl hn gunrrc Onofum h`rn`tl euohcmnotcj à cdsljutl hnkjcrchc, chm`tn-sn pnoc hn mlrtn (plrtcotl, ctà l h`rn`tl á v`hc à rnjct`vl). Unic qunstël klos`hnrchc klrrntc klrrntc  pnjl KNDTC[QN nm prlvc hn 41389 ‚L ‚ L h`rn`tl á v`hc, css`m klml tlhls ls hnmc`s h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s, à prltng`hl pnjc KE hn  elrmc oël cdsljutc cdsljutc”. ”.

Cspnktl d`ljûg`kl hl h`rn`tl á v`hc9 h`rn`tl á `otngr`hchn eís`kc n psíqu`kc (h`rn`tl hn klot`oucr v`vl). Cspnktl cmpjl hl h`rn`tl á v`hc9 h`rn`tl c kloh`çþns mctnr`c`s n nsp`r`tuc`s mío`mcs onknssãr`cs c umc v`hc h`goc (notnoh`mnotl hl KNDTC[QN). ** Ctnoçël9 cssuotl kldrchl ol klokursl hn Cgnotn hn [ngurcoçc [ ngurcoçc Qno`tnok`ã Qno`tnok`ãr`c r`c hn Qnrocmdukl n tcmdàm ol @O[[, nm prlvcs hl KN[QN.

@ov`ljcd`j`hchn hlm`k`j`cr9 C kcsc à cs`jl `ov`ljãvnj hl `oh`víhul, o`oguàm onjc plhnohl pnontrcr snm klosnot`mnotl klosnot`m notl hl mlrchlr, klml rngrc. C `ov`ljcd`j`hchn plhnrã snr qundrchc ol kcsl hn ejcgrcotn hnj`tl lu hnscstrn, lu pcrc prnstcr slklrrl, snic hn h`c lu hn ol`tn. C `ov`ljcd`j`hchn tcmdàm plhnrã snr qundrchc pcrc kumpr`mnotl plr hntnrm`ocçël hntnrm`ocç ël iuh`k`cj, hurcotn l h`c. [nguohl l [XE, notnohn-sn qun nm vníkujls cutlmltlrns à plssívnj rncj`zcr duskcs j`vrnmnotn, qucohl fluvnr euohchc suspn`tc (crt. 481, § 4¹, hl KQQ), l qun h`spnosc c nx`géok`c hn mcohchl hn duskc n cprnnosël, scjvl qucohl sn trctcr hn vníkujl hnst`ochl á fcd`tcçël hl `oh`víhul, klml trc`jnrs, kcd`ons hn kcm`ofël, dcrkls, hnotrn lutrls. Oc prlvc hn 4130 hc QTE, l tnmc el` cdlrhchl. Klotuhl, c qunstël el` coujchc klm c sngu`otn iust`e`kct`vc9 ‚Oël à cssnotn l notnoh`mnotl hc mctàr`c cdlrhchc oc cssnrt`vc”. Unic c qunstël9    C dljn`c hn um kcm`ofël, kcm`ofël, ut`j`zch ut`j`zchc c pnjl mltlr`stc, mltlr`stc, c`ohc qun prlv`slr`cmn prl v`slr`cmnotn, otn, klml hlrm`tûr`l n jlkcj hn gucrhc hn snus ldintls pnsslc`s nm jlogcs v`cgnos, oël plhnrã snr ldintl hn duskc n cprnnosël snm c klmpntnotn lrhnm iuh`k`cj oc f`pûtnsn hn e`skcj`zcçël plj`k`cj klm c e`ocj`hchn hn rnv`stc nspnkíe`kc áqunjn vníkujl .

Colo`mctl9 C KE vnhc l colo`mctl, nmdl nmdlrc rc olssc iur`spruhéok`c ckn`tn c hnoùok`c coøo`mc, c qucj oël plhnrã hcr lr`gnm c um `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj, mcs plhnrã nosnicr h`j`géok`cs prnj`m`ocrns.. prnj`m`ocrns H`z c KE9 ‚à j`vrn c mco`enstcçël hl pnoscmnotl, snohl vnhchl l colo`mctl”.  

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@ov`ljcd`j`hchn hcs klmuo`kcçþns9 À `ov`ljãvnj l s`g`jl9 Klrrnsplohéok`c (onm lrhnm iuh`k`cj plhn v`ljcr)2 Hcs klmuo`kcçþns tnjngrãe`kcs (onm lrhnm iuh`k`cj plhnm v`ljcr)2 Hn hchls n hcs klmuo`kcçþns tnjneøo`kcs, nxkntl plr hntnrm`ocçël iuh`k`cj pcrc e`os hn `ovnst`gcçël kr`m`ocj lu `ostruçël prlknssucj pnocj. Ctnoçël9 Hurcotn l Nstchl hn [ít`l n hn Hnensc, H nensc, fcvnrã rnstr`çël hn h`rn`tl cl s`g`jl hc klrrnsplohéok`c, hcs klmuo`kcçþns tnjngrãe`kcs n hcs klmuo`kcçþns tnjneøo`kcs. 

N l s`g`jl dcokãr`l< Xcmdàm à `ov`ljãvnj. Klotuhl, notnohn l [XE qun c Chm`o`strcçël Xr`dutãr`c plhn rnqu`s`tcr ás `ost`tu`çþns e`ocokn`rcs cknssl ás mlv`mnotcçþns dcokãr`cs mnsml snm cutlr`zcçël iuh`k`cj, hnshn qun nx`stc um prlknssl chm`o`strct`vl `ostcurchl lu um prlknh`mnotl e`skcj nm kursl n nsscs `oelrmcçþns snicm `oh`spnosãvn`s. Qcrc l [XE, oël `mpj`kc nm v`ljcçël hl s`g`jl, s`g `jl, pl`s l s`g`jl tnr`c s`hl cpnocs ‚trcosenr`hl” hc `ost`tu`çël e`ocokn`rc pcrc l e`skl,

pnrmconknohl ls hchls cl cdr`gl hl s`g`jl. pnrmconknohl Cknssl cl wfctscpp hn cpcrnjfl knjujcr kljntchl nm duskc n cprnnosël9 oël fã ûd`kn pcrc qun c cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj cknssn l klotnùhl crmcznochl ol cpcrnjfl, `okjus`vn cs klovnrscs hl wfctscpp ([XI. >ª Xurmc. TFK 77.4;4/[K, Tnj. M`o. Enj`x E`skfnr, iujgchl nm 1;/31/4137). Elrc hls kcsls hn cutlr`zcçël iuh`k`cj, cknsscr l knjujcr plhnrã kloe`gurcr cdusl hn cutlr`hchn. H`rn`tl á j`dnrhchn9 j`dnrhchn9 [nguohl l [XE, c mcrkfc hc mcklofc, nm hnensc hc jngcj`zcçël hcs hrlgcs, nstã hnotrl hc j`dnrhchn hn nxprnssël, oël kloe`gurcohl l kr`mn hn cpljlg`c (`ok`tcr l usl hn hrlgcs). Nxtrch`çël hn nstrcogn`rl9 lp`o`ël. Oël snrã kloknh`hc c nxtrch`çël hn nstrcogn`rl plr kr`mn pljít`kl lu hn lp`o`ël. **L cssuotl el` kldrchl pnjc QTE nm prlvc hn 413;.

H`rn`tl hn rnuo`ël9 Oël fã onknss`hchn hn cutlr`zcçël hl Qlhnr Qùdj`kl. Nx`gn-sn cpnocs cv`sl pràv`l. pràv`l. Hnvn snr pcrc e`os e` os pckíe`kl n oël plhn erustrcr rnuo`ël cotnr`lrmnotn cgnohchc pcrc l mnsml jlkcj. [ldrn l prnsl9 C pr`sël hnotn qucjqunr pnsslc n ln ájlkcj lohn sn noklotrn snrël `mnh`ctcmnotn `mnh`ctcmn cl iu`z klmpntnotn ecmíj`c hl prnsl lu á pnsslc plrklmuo`kchls njn `oh`kchc.

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L prnsl tnm h`rn`tl á `hnot`e`kcçël hls rnsplosãvn`s plr suc pr`sël lu plr snu `otnrrlgctûr`l plj`k`cj. L k`v`jmnotn `hnot`e`kchl oël snrã sudmnt`hl c `hnot`e`kcçël kr`m`ocj, scjvl ocs f`pûtnsns prnv`stcs nm jn`. O`oguàm snrã jnvchl á pr`sël lu onjc mcot`hl, qucohl c jn` chm`t`r c j`dnrhchn klm lu  lu snm snm e`coçc.  e`coçc. prlv`sûr`c, klm Oël fcvnrã pr`sël k`v`j plr hív`hc, scjvl c hl rnsplosãvnj pnjl `och`mpjnmnotl vljuotãr`l n `onskusãvnj hn ldr`gcçël cj`mnotík`c n c hl hnpls`tãr`l `oe`nj. Ctnoçël9  Ctnoçël9  C KE prnvé c pr`sël k`v`j hl hnpls`tãr`l `oe`nj n hl hnvnhlr hn pnosël cj`mnotík`c. cj`mnotík`c. Klotuhl, elr e lr elrçc hl Qcktl hn [ël Ilsà hc Klstc T`kc, l lrhnocmnotl iuríh`kl drcs`jn`rl pnrm`tn cpnocs c pr`sël k`v`j plr hív`hc hn pnosël cj`mnotík`c. c j`mnotík`c.

H`rn`tl á `gucjhchn9 @gucjhchn elrmcj9 à c `gucjhchn iuríh`kc, oc qucj tlhls hnvnm snr trctchls hn mcon`rc `gucj, snm quc`squnr h`st`oçþns. @gucjhchn mctnr`cj9 mctnr`cj9 à c `gucjhchn rncj. Qcrc snr cjk cjkcoçchc, coçchc, plhn `mpj`kcr nm trctcmnotl hns`gucj. Nxnmpjl9 kltcs rck`c`s pcrc cknssl ás uo`vnrs`hchns pùdj`kcs. L [XE e`rmlu notnoh`mnotl ol snot`hl hn qun oël v`ljc l pr`okíp`l hc `slolm`c c ut`j`zcçël hn kr`tàr`ls h`enrnok`chls h`enrnok`chls pcrc c prlmlçël hn m`j`tcrns m`j`tcrns hl snxl enm`o`ol n mcskuj`ol hc Cnrloãut`kc. (C@ 88;.;3>-CgT/TI, Tnj.M`o. Kãrmno Jùk`c, Qr`mn`rc Xurmc). Nstn cssuotl el` kldrchl nm 4138 pnjl KN[QN, l qucj klos`hnrlu nrrchc c sngu`otn ce`rmcçël9 ‚C ut`j`zcçël hn kr`tàr`ls h`st`otls pcrc c prlmlçël hn `otngrcotns hl

snxl enm`o`ol n hl mcskuj`ol hn klrpl m`j`tcr v`ljc l pr`okíp`l klost`tuk`locj hc `slolm`c.”  Xlrturc, trãe`kl `jík`tl, tnrrlr`sml n fnh`lohls9 grcçc  lu co`st`c c co`st`c c prãt`kc C jn` klos`hnrcrã kr`mns `oce`coçãvn`s  `oce`coçãvn`s  n `osuskntívn`s hn grcçc  hc tlrturc, l trãe`kl `jík`tl hn notlrpnknotns n hrlgcs ce`os, l tnrrlr`sml n ls mcohcotns,, ls hne`o`hls klml kr`mns fnh`lohls, plr njns rnsplohnohl ls mcohcotns nxnkutlrns n  n ls qun, plhnohl nv`tã-jls, snol lm`t`rnm lm`t`rnm. . ck`mc, jnmdrn-sn hn ;XF9 nxnkutlrns Qcrc mnmlr`zcr ls kr`mns mnok`lochls h`spls`t`vl Xlrturc, Xrãe`kl, Xnrrlr`sml n Fnh`lohls. Cçël hn grupls crcmchls klotrc c lrhnm klost`tuk`locj n l Nstchl Hnmlkrãt`kl9 `oce`coçãvnj n  n `mprnskr`tívnj  `mprnskr`tívnj  c cçël hn grupls crmchls, k`v`s lu Klost`tu` kr`mn `oce`coçãvnj m`j`tcrns, klotrc c lrhnm klost`tuk`locj n l Nstchl Hnmlkrãt`kl. Hnmlkrãt`kl. Qr`sël nm ejcgrcotn x cprnsnotcçël c prnsnotcçël nsplotäonc9 Oël plhnrã snr prnsl cqunjn qun sn cprnsnotc nsplotconcmnotn á cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj, hnpl`s hn tnr klmnt`hl um hnj`tl (lu snic, iã oël nstã mc`s nm ejcgrcotn hnj`tl). Onssn snot`hl, css`m ce`rmc c KE9

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‚O`oguàm snrã prnsl snoël nm ejcgrcotn hnj`tl lu plr lrhnm nskr`tc n  euohcmnotchc hn cutlr`hchn cutlr`hchn iuh`k`ãr`c klmpntnotn, scjvl ols ols kcsls kcsls hn trcosgrnssël m`j`tcr lu kr`mn prlpr`cmnotn m`j`tcr”. 

Elrc hls kcsls hn trcosgrnssël m`j`tcr n kr`mn prlpr`cmnotn m`j`tcr, umc pnsslc sû plhn snr prnsc nm ejcgrcotn lu plr lrhnm hl iu`z. Qrlpr`nhchn9 Nm kcsl hn `m`onotn pnr`gl pùdj`kl, c cutlr`hchn klmpntnotn plhnrã uscr hn prlpr`nhchn pcrt`kujcr, cssngurchc cl prlpr`ntãr`l `ohno`zcçël ujtnr`lr, sn fluvnr hcol. **L Cssuotl ck`mc el` kldrchl nm prlvc hc QTE, nm 413;.

C jn` nstcdnjnknrã l prlknh`mnotl pcrc hnscprlpr`cçël plr onknss`hchn lu ut`j`hchn pùdj`kc, lu plr `otnrnssn slk`cj, mnh`cotn iustc n pràv`c `ohno`zcçël nm h`ofn`rl, rnsscjvchls ls kcsls prnv`stls onstc Klost`tu`çël. Ctnoçël9 @m`onotn pnr`gl9 pnr`gl9 cutlr`hchn usc c prlpr`nhchn n `ohno`zc hnpl`s sn fluvnr hcol. Hnscprlpr`cçël9 pr`mn`rl Hnscprlpr`cçël9  pr`mn`rl `ohno`zc, hnpl`s hnscprlpr`c. 

H`rn`tl hn Qnt`çël x Knrt`hël9 `ohnpnohnotnmnotn  hl pcgcmnotl hn tcxcs9 [ël c tlhls cssngurchls, cssngurchls, `ohnpnohnotnmnotn l h`rn`tl hn pnt`çël cls Qlhnrns Qùdj`kls nm hnensc hn h`rn`tls lu klotrc `jngcj`hchn lu cdusl hn plhnr2 c ldtnoçël hn knrt`hþns nm rnpcrt`çþns pùdj`kcs, pcrc hnensc hn h`rn`tls n nskjcrnk`mnotl nskjcrnk`mnot l hn s`tucçþns hn `otnrnssn pnsslcj. **Cssuotl iã kldrchl pnjc QTE, nm prlvc hn 413;.

Xrctchls @otnrock`loc`s9 Ls trctchls n klovnoçþns `otnrock`loc`s sldrn h`rn`tls fumcols qun elrnm cprlvchls, nm kchc Kcsc hl Klogrnssl Ock`locj, nm hl`s turols, plr trés qu`otls hls vltls hls rnspnkt`vls mnmdrls, snrël nqu`vcjnotns ás nmnohcs klost`tuk klost`tuk`loc`s. `loc`s. [n l trctchl oël vnrscr sldrn h`rn`tls fumcols, tnrã elrçc hn jn`. Xr`duocj Qnocj @otnrock`locj9 L Drcs`j sn sudmntn á iur`sh`çël hn Xr`duocj Qnocj @otnrock`locj c kuic kr`cçël tnofc mco`enstchl chnsël. Gcrcot`cs (pr`ok`pc`s)9 FK9 kloknhnr-sn-ã fcdncs klrpus snmprn qun cjguàm slernr lu sn ckfcr cmncçchl hn slernr v`ljéok`c lu klcçël nm suc j`dnrhchn hn jlklmlçël, plr `jngcj`hchn lu cdusl hn plhnr. Cçël plpujcr9 qucjqunr k`hchël à pcrtn jngít`mc pcrc prlplr cçël plpujcr qun v`sn c coujcr ctl jns`vl cl pctr`møo`l pùdj`kl lu hn not`hchn hn qun l Nstchl pcrt`k`pn, á mlrcj`hchn chm`o`strct`vc, cl mn`l cmd`notn n cl pctr`møo`l f`stûr`kl n kujturcj, e`kcohl l cutlr, scjvl klmprlvchc mã-eà, `snotl hn kustcs iuh`k`c`s n hl øous hc sukumdéok`c.

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M[9 kloknhnr-sn-ã mcohchl hn sngurcoçc pcrc prltngnr h`rn`tl jíqu`hl n knrtl, oël cmpcrchl plr fcdncs klrpus lu fcdncs hctc, qucohl l rnsplosãvnj pnjc `jngcj`hchn lu cdusl hn plhnr elr cutlr`hchn pùdj`kc lu cgnotn hn pnsslc iuríh`kc ol nxnrkík`l hn ctr`du`çþns hl Qlhnr Qùdj`kl.

4. 4.   H@TN@XL[ [LK@C@[, OCK@LOCJ@HCHN, K@HCHCO@C N H@TN@XL[ QLJÍX@KL[ H`rn`tls slk`c`s9 [ël h`rn`tls slk`c`s c nhukcçël, c scùhn, c cj`mnotcçël, l trcdcjfl, c mlrch`c, l sngurcoçc,, c prnv`héok`c slk`cj, c prltnçël á mctnro`hchn n á trcosplrtn, l jcznr, c sngurcoçc `oeäok`c, c css`stéok`c cls hnscmpcrchl hnscmpcrchls, s, oc elrmc hnstc Klost`tu`çël. Cl s`oh`kctl kcdn c hnensc hls h`rn`tls n `otnrnssns kljnt`vls lu `oh`v`huc`s hc iuh`k`c`s  lu chm`o`strct`vcs. chm`o`strct`vcs. kctnglr`c, `okjus`vn nm qunstþns iuh`k`c`s

;. ;.   H@TN@XL[ [LK@C@[, OCK@LOCJ@HCHN, K@HCHCO@C N H@TN@XL[ QLJÍX@KL[ Ock`locj`hchn9 L drcs`jn`rl octl oël plhnrã pnrhnr c ock`locj`hchn, scjvl sn chqu`r`r lutrc ock`locj`hchn elrc hls kcsls cdc`xl9 c) hn rnklofnk`m rnklofnk`mnotl notl hn ock`locj`hchn lr`g`oãr`c p pnjc njc jn` nstrcogn`rc2 d) hn `mpls`çël hn octurcj`zcçël, pnjc olrmc nstrcogn`rc, cl drcs`jn`rl rns`hnotn nm nstchl nstrcogn`rl, klml kloh`çël pcrc pnrmcoéok`c nm snu tnrr`tûr`l lu pcrc l nxnrkík`l hn h`rn`tls k`v`s2 L octurcj`zchl plhnrã tnr suc octurcj`zcçël kcoknjchc oël sû plr nssn mlt`vl (chqu`r`r lutrc ock`locj`hchn), klml tcmdàm plr klotc hn ct`v`hchn olk`vc cl `otnrnssn ock`locj. Qnrhc hn ock`locj`hchn n rncqu`s`çël9 sn pnrhn c ock`locj`hchn klml octl, rnchqu`rn klml octl2 sn pnrhn klml octurcj`zchl, rnchqu`rn klml octurcj`zchl. ** Cssuotl kldrchl pnjc QTE, nm 413;.

H`rn`tls pljít`kls9 À vnhchc c kcsscçël hn h`rn`tls pljít`kls, kuic pnrhc lu suspnosël sû sn hcrã ols kcsls hn9 kcoknjcmnotl kcoknjcmno tl hc octurcj`zcçël plr snotnoçc trcos`tchc nm iujgchl2 `okcpck`hchnn k`v`j cdsljutc2 `okcpck`hch iujgchl , noqucotl hurcrnm snus klohnocçël kr`m`ocj trcos`tchc nm iujgchl, nen`tls2 rnkusc hn kumpr`r ldr`gcçël c tlhls `mplstc lu prnstcçël cjtnroct`vc, ols tnrmls hl crt. >¹, U@@@2

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chm`o`strct`vc.. `mprld`hchn chm`o`strct`vc

8. 8.   QLHNT NVNK^X@UL Qlhnr Nxnkut`vl9 [ldrn l Drcs`j Elrmc hn glvnrol chltchc9 Tnpùdj`kc. [`stnmc hn glvnrol chltchl9 Qrns`hnok`cj`sm Qrns`hnok`cj`sml. l. L Qrns`hnotn hc Tnpùdj`kc ckumujc cs euoçþns hn kfnen hn Nstchl n hn kfnen hn Glvnrol, tcjbn`< Kcdn cl Qrns`hnotn, mnh`cotn hnkrntl, h`splr sldrn9 Lrgco`zcçël n euok`locmnotl hc chm`o`strcçël enhnrcj, qucohl oël `mpj`kcr cumnotl hn hnspnsc onm kr`cçël lu nxt`oçël hn ûrgëls pùdj`kls2 Nxt`oçël hn euoçþns lu kcrgls pùdj`kls, qucohl vcgls. Nsscs ctr`du`çþns plhnrël snr hnjngchcs cls M`o`strls hn Nstchl, cl Qrlkurchlr-Gnrcj hc Tnpùdj`kc lu cl Chvlgchl-Gnrcj hc ^o`ël, qun ldsnrvcrël ls j`m`tns trcçchls ocs rnspnkt`vcs hnjngcçþns. [ël kr`mns hn rnsploscd`j`hchn ls ctls hl Qrns`hnotn qun ctnotnm klotrc c KE n, nspnk`cjmnotn, klotrc9 nspnk`cjmnotn, c nx`stéok`c hc ^o`ël2 l j`vrn nxnrkík`l hl Qlhnr Jng`sjct`vl, hl Qlhnr Iuh`k`ãr`l, hl M`o`stàr`l Qùdj`kl n hls Qlhnrns klost`tuk`loc`s hcs uo`hchns hc Enhnrcçël2 Enhnrcçël 2 l nxnrkík`l hls h`rn`tls pljít`kls, `oh`v`huc`s n slk`c`s2 c sngurcoçc `otnroc hl Qcís2 Qcís2 c prld`hchn oc chm`o`strcçël chm`o`strcçël22 c jn` lrçcmnotã lrçcmnotãr`c2 r`c2 l kumpr`mnotl hcs jn`s n hcs hnk`sþns iuh`k`c`s iuh`k`c`s.. Ckuscçël klotrc l prns`hnotn9 chm`t`hc c ckuscçël klotrc l Qrns`hnotn hc Tnpùdj`kc, plr hl`s tnrçls hc Kämcrc hls Hnputchls, snrã njn sudmnt`hl c  iujgcmnotl pnrcotn l [uprnml Xr`duocj Enhnrcj, ocs `oercçþns pnoc`s klmuos, lu pnrcotn l [nochl Enhnrcj, ols kr`mns hn rnsploscd`j`hchn. L prns`hnotn plssu` `muo`hchn elrmcj (oël plssu` `muo`hchn `m uo`hchn mctnr`cj). KN[QN klos`hnrlu kprrntc c sngu`otn cssnrt`vc, kldrchc nm prlvc pcrc Cuh`tlr hc Tnkn`tc Nstchucj hn CJ, nm 41419 ‚Xcotl nm kcsl hn `oercçþns pnoc`s  klmuos qucotl hn kr`mns hn rnsploscd`j`hchn, klmpntn á Kämcrc hls Hnputchls l iuízl hn chm`ss`d`j`hchn chm`ss`d`j`hch n hc ckuscçël cprnsnotchc klotrc l prns`hnotn hc Tnpùdj`kc”.  L Qrns`hnotn hc Tnpùdj`kc, oc v`géok`c hn snu mcohctl, oël plhn snr rnsploscd`j`zchl plr ctls nstrcofls cl nxnrkík`l hn sucs euoçþns euoçþns.. Klmpntn pr`vct`vcmnotn cl Qrns`hnotn hc Tnpùdj`kc (pr`ok`pc`s klmpntéok`cs)9 nxnrknr, klm l cuxíj`l hls M`o`strls hn Nstchl, c h`rnçël supnr`lr hc chm`o`strcçël enhnrcj2 scok`locr, prlmujgcr ecznr pudj`kcr rngujcmnotls pcrc sucne`nj nxnkuç nxnkuçël2 ël2 cs jn`s, dnm klml nxpnh`r hnkrntls n

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vntcr prlintls hn jn`, tltcj lu pcrk`cjmnotn2 knjndrcr trctchls, klovnoçþns n ctls `otnrock`loc`s, suin`tls c rnenrnohl hl Klogrnssl Ock`locj2 hnkrntcr l nstchl hn hnensc n l nstchl hn sít`l2 hnkrntcr n nxnkutcr c `otnrvnoçël `otnrvnoçël enhnrcj2 rnmntnr mnoscgnm n pjcol hn glvnrol cl Klogrnssl Ock`locj plr lkcs`ël hc cdnrturc hc snssël jng`sjct`vc, nxplohl c s`tucçël hl Qcís n slj`k`tcohl cs prlv`héok`cs qun iujgcr onknssãr`cs onknssãr`cs2 pnocs,, 2klm cuh`éok`c, sn onknssãr`l, hls ûrgëls kloknhnr `ohujtl n klmutcr pnocs `ost`tuíhls nm jn`2  

•

 

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L Qrns`hnotn plhnrã hnjngcr c euoçël ck`mc cls M`o`strls hn Nstchl, cl Qrlkurchlr-Gnrcj hc Tnpùdj`kc lu cl Chvlgchl-Gnrcj hc ^o`ël, qun ldsnrvcrël ls j`m`tns trcçchls ocs rnspnkt`vcs hnjngcçþns. Nssn tûp`kl el` kldrchl nm 413; oc prlvc hc QTE.

nxnrknr l klmcohl suprnml hcs Elrçcs Crmchcs, olmncr ls Klmcohcotns hc Mcr`ofc, hl Nxàrk`tl n hc Cnrloãut`kc, prlmlvnr snus le`k`c`s-gnonrc`s n olmnã-jls pcrc ls kcrgls qun jfns sël pr`vct`vls2 Enhnrcj,, ls M`o`strls hl [uprnml olmncr, cpûs cprlvcçël pnjl [nochl Enhnrcj Xr`duocj Enhnrcj n hls Xr`duoc`s [upnr`lrns, ls Glvnrochlrns hn Xnrr`tûr`ls, l Qrlkurchlr-Gnrcj hc Tnpùdj`kc, l prns`hnotn n ls h`rntlrns hl dcokl knotrcj n lutrls snrv`hlrns, qucohl hntnrm`ochl nm jn`2 olmncr mnmdrls hl Klosnjfl hc Tnpùdj`kc, ols tnrmls hl crt. 60, U@@, hc KE2 klovlkcr n prns`h`r l Klosnjfl hc Tnpùdj`kc n l Klosnjfl hn Hnensc Ock`locj2 gunrrc,, ol kcsl hn cgrnssël nstrcogn`rc, cutlr`zchl pnjl Klogrnss Klogrnssl l  hnkjcrcr gunrrc Ock`locj lu rnenrnohchl plr njn, njn , qucohl lklrr`hc ol `otnrvcjl hcs snssþns jng`sjct`vcs, n, ocs mnsmcs kloh`çþns, hnkrntcr, tltcj lu pcrk`cjmnotn, c mld`j`zcçël ock`locj2 knjndrcr c pcz, cutlr`zchl lu klm l rnenrnohl hl Klogrnssl Ock`locj2 kloenr`r klohnklrcçþns n h`st`oçþns flolríe`kcs2 pnrm`t`r pnrm`t`r,, ols kcsls prnv`stls nm jn` klmpjnmno klmpjnmnotcr, tcr, qun  qun elrçcs nstrcogn`rcs trcos`tnm pnjl trcos`tnm  pnjl tnrr`tûr`l ock`locj lu onjn pnrmconçcm tnmplrcr`cmnotn2 prnstcr, cl Klogrnssl Ock`locj, hnotrlclhnnxnrkík`l snssnotccotnr`lr2 h`cs cpûs c cdnrturccoucjmnotn, hc snssël jng`sjct`vc, cs klotcs rnenrnotns prlvnr (prlvnr prlvnr (prlvnr à euoçël hnjngãvnj) n nxt`ogu`r ls kcrgls pùdj`kls enhnrc`s, enhnrc`s, oc elrmc hc jn`2 nh`tcr mnh`hcs prlv`sûr`cs klm elrçc hn jn` jn`,, ols tnrmls hl crt. 54 hc KE.

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>. >.   [NG^TCOÇC QÙDJ@KC [ngurcoçc Qùdj`kc9 Klmplonotns hc sngurcoçc pùdj`kc9 QE, QTE, QEE (enrrlv`ãr`c), Qljík`cs K`v`s, Qljík`cs Klmplonotns M`j`tcrns, Klrpls hn Dlmdn`rls M`j`tcrns n Qljík`cs Qnoc`s (enhnrc`s, nstchuc`s n h`str`tc`s).. h`str`tc`s) *Ctnoçël ás plj`k`c`s pnoc`s, pl`s sn trctc hn olv`hchn.

Klmpntn á QTE, oc elrmc hc jn`, l pctrujfcmnotl lstnos`vl hcs rlhlv`cs enhnrc`s. *Oltn qun c KE oël ctr`du`u á QTE c euoçël hl klmdctnr cl trãe`kl hn hrlgcs. Klotuhl, trctcohl-sn hn ejcgrcotn, qucjqunr hnvnrã ctucr.

C QTE à ûrgël pnrmconotn, lrgco`zchl n mcot`hl pnjc ^o`ël n nstruturchl nm kcrrn`rc. Klmpntn á QE9 cpurcr `oercçþns pnoc`s klotrc c lrhnm pljít`kc n slk`cj lu nm hntr`mnotl hn dnos, snrv`çls n `otnrnssns hc ^o`ël lu hn sucs not`hchns cutãrqu`kcs n nmprnscs pùdj`kcs, css`m klml lutrcs `oercçþns kuic prãt`kc tnofc rnpnrkussël `otnrnstchucj lu `otnrock`locj n nx`ic rnprnssël uo`elrmn, snguohl sn h`spusnr nm jn`2 prnvno`r n rnpr`m`r l trãe`kl snm `jík`tl hn notlrpnknotns n hrlgcs klotrcdcohl n l hnskcm`ofl, prniuízl hc cçël ecznohãr`c n hnce`os, lutrlsl ûrgëls pùdj`kls ocs rnspnkt`vcs ãrncs hn klmpntéok`c2 nxnrknr cs euoçþns hn pljík`c mcrít`mc, cnrlplrtuãr`c n hn erlotn`rcs2 nxnrknr, klm nxkjus`v`hchn, nxkjus`v`hchn, cs euoçþns hn pljík`c iuh`k`ãr`c hc ^o`ël. Ás pljík`cs k`v`s, h`r`g`hcs plr hnjngchls hn pljík`c hn kcrrn`rc, `okumdnm `okumdnm,, rnsscjvchc c klmpntéok`c hc ^o`ël, cs euoçþns hn pljík`c iuh`k`ãr`c n c cpurcçël hn `oercçþns m`j`tcrns.. pnoc`s, nxkntl cs m`j`tcrns Ás pljík`cs pnoc`s, v`okujchcs cl ûrgël chm`o`strchlr hl s`stnmc pnocj hc uo`hchn enhnrct`vc c qun pnrtnoknm, kcdn c sngurcoçc hls nstcdnjn nstcdnjnk`mnotls k`mnotls pnoc`s. Cs pljík`cs m`j`tcrns n ls klrpls hn dlmdn`rls m`j`tcrns, elrçcs cux`j`crns n rnsnrvc hl Nxàrk`tl sudlrh`ocm-sn, iuotcmnotn klm cs pljík`cs k`v`s n cs pljík`cs pnoc`s nstchuc`s n h`str`tcj, cls Glvnrochlrns hls Nstchls, hl H`str`tl Enhnrcj n hls Xnrr`tûr`ls. Ls Muo`kíp`ls plhnrël klost`tu`r gucrhcs muo`k`pc`s hnst`ochcs á prltnçël hn snus dnos, snrv`çls n `ostcjcçþns, `ostcjcçþns, kloelrmn h`spusnr c jn`. H`rn`tl hn grnvn n kcrrn`rcs hn sngurcoçc pùdj`kc9 l nxnrkík`l hl h`rn`tl hn grnvn, sld qucjqunr elrmc lu mlhcj`hchn, à vnhchl cls plj`k`c`s k`v`s n c tlhls ls snrv`hlrns pùdj`kls qun ctunm h`rntcmnotn oc ãrnc hn sngurcoçc pùdj`kc (notnoh`mnotl (notnoh`mn otl hl [[XE). XE). [ngurcoçc v`ãr`c ‛ c sngurcoçc v`ãr`c, nxnrk`hc pcrc c prnsnrvcçël hc lrhnm pùdj`kc n hc `okljum`hchn hcs pnsslcs n hl snu pctr`møo`l ocs v`cs pùdj`kcs9 klmprnnohn c nhukcçël, nognofcr`c n e`skcj`zcçël hn träos`tl, cjàm hn lutrcs ct`v`hchns prnv`stcs nm jn`, qun cssngurnm cl k`hchël l h`rn`tl á mld`j`hchn urdcoc ne`k`notn2

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klmpntn, ol ämd`tl hls Nstchls, hl H`str`tl Enhnrcj n hls Muo`kíp`ls, cls rnspnkt`vls ûrgëls lu not`hchns nxnkut`vls n snus cgnotns hn träos`tl, nstruturchls nm Kcrrn`rc, oc elrmc hc jn`.

5. 5.   MN@L CMD@NOXN Xlhls tém h`rn`tl cl mn`l cmd`notn nkljlg`kcmnotn nqu`j`drchl. L mn`l cmd`notn à dnm hn usl klmum hl plvl n nssnok`cj á sch`c qucj`hchn hn v`hc. @okumdn cl Qlhnr Qùdj`kl9 prnsnrvcr n rnstcurcr ls prlknssls nkljûg`kls nssnok`c`s n prlvnr l mconil nkljûg`kl hcs nspàk`ns n nklss`stnmcs2 prnsnrvcr c h`vnrs`hchn n c `otngr`hchn hl pctr`møo`l gnoàt`kl hl Qcís n e`skcj`zcr cs not`hchns hnh`kchcs á pnsqu`sc n mco`pujcçël hn mctnr`cj gnoàt`kl2 hne`o`r, nm tlhcs cs uo`hchns hc Enhnrcçël, nspcçls tnrr`tlr`c`s n snus klmplonotns c snrnm nspnk`cjmnotn prltng`hls, snohl c cjtnrcçël n c suprnssël pnrm`t`hcs slmnotn ctrcvàs hn jn`, vnhchc qucjqunr ut`j`zcçël qun klmprlmntc c `otngr`hchn hls ctr`dutls qun iust`e`qunm suc prltnçël2 nx`g`r, oc elrmc hc jn`, pcrc `ostcjcçël hn ldrc lu ct`v`hchn pltnok`cjmnotn kcuschlrc hn s`go`e`kct`vc hngrchcçël hl mn`l cmd`notn, nstuhl pràv`l hn `mpcktl cmd`notcj, c qun sn hcrã pudj`k`hchn2 klotrljcr c prlhuçël, c klmnrk`cj`zcçël n l nmprngl hn tàko`kcs, màtlhls n sudstäok`cs qun klmplrtnm r`skl pcrc c v`hc, c qucj`hchn hn v`hc n l mn`l cmd`notn2 prlmlvnr c nhukcçël cmd`notcj nm tlhls ls oívn`s hn nos`ol n c klosk`not`zcçël klosk`not`zcç ël pùdj`kc pcrc c prnsnrvcçël hl mn`l cmd`notn2 prltngnr c ecuoc n c ejlrc, vnhchcs, oc elrmc hc jn`, cs prãt`kcs qun kljlqunm nm r`skl suc euoçël nkljûg`kc, prlvlqunm c nxt`oçël hn nspàk`ns lu sudmntcm ls co`mc`s c krunjhchn. Cs klohutcs n ct`v`hchns klos`hnrchcs jns`vcs cl mn`l cmd`notn suin`tcrël ls `oerctlrns, pnsslcs eís`kcs lu iuríh`kcs, c scoçþns pnoc`s n chm`o`strct`vcs, `ohnpnohnotnmnotn `ohnpnohno tnmnotn hc ldr`gcçël hn rnpcrcr ls hcols kcuschls. Cqunjn qun nxpjlrcr rnkursls m`onrc`s e`kc ldr`gchl c rnkupnrcr l mn`l cmd`notn hngrchchl, hn cklrhl klm sljuçël tàko`kc nx`g`hc pnjl ûrgël pùdj`kl klmpntnotn, oc elrmc hc jn`.

3;

 

 

4. H@TN@XL H@TN@XL CHM@O@[XTCX@UL 3. 3.   LTGCOYCÇËL CHM@O@[XTCX@UC Oc Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc H`rntc H`rntc,, tnmls c ct`v`hchn chm`o`strct`vc knotrcj`zchc  knotrcj`zchc nm snus prûpr`ls ûrgëls. C QTE nstã hnotrl hc Chm`o`strcçël h`rntc. Iã oc hnsknotrcj`zchls, snohl nxnrk`hls Chm`o`strcçël Chm`o`strcçë l Qùdj`kc @oh`rntc, @oh`rntc, ls snrv`çls sël hnsknotrcj`zchls, pnjcs Cutcrqu`cs, Nmprnscs Qùdj`kcs, [lk`nhchns hn Nklolm`c M`stc, Euohcçþns Qùdj`kcs, ntk. Ol col hn 4136, nm prlvc hc QK-N[, l KN[QN klos`hnrlu klrrntc c ce`rmcçël c sngu`r9 ‚C knotrcj`zcçël klos`stn oc nxnkuçël hn tcrnecs chm`o`strct`vcs pnjl prûpr`l Nstchl, plr mn`l hn ûrgëls `otnrols n `otngrcotns hc chm`o`strcçël pùdj`kc h`rntc”.   Nm 4137, l KN[QN klos`hnrlu klrrntc c sngu`otn ce`rmcçël9 ‚Chm`o`strcçël h`rntc

rnmntn á `hn`c hn chm`o`strcçël knotrcj`zchc, cl pcssl qun chm`o`strcçël `oh`rntc sn rnjck`loc á olçël hn chm`o`strcçël hnsknotrcj`zchc”.  Iã nm 4135, klos`hnrlu klrrntc c sngu`otn cssnrt`vc9 ‚C knotrcj`zcçël klos`stn oc

nxnkuçël hcs tcrnecs chm`o`strct`vcs pnjl prûpr`l Nstchl, plr mn`l hn ûrgëls `otnrols `otngrcotns hc chm`o`strcçë chm`o`strcçël l h`rntc”.   Hnsknotrcj`zcçël9 Hnsknotrcj`zcçë l9 c hnsknotrcj`zcçël chm`o`strct`vc à nent`vchc plr mn`l hn lutlrgc qucohl l Nstchl kr`c umc not`hchn n c njc trcosenrn, plr jn`, hntnrm`ochl snrv`çl pùdj`kl. Kloknotrcçël n knotrcj`zcçël9 nstël rnjck`lochcs á `hn`c gnrcj hn h`str`du`çël hn ctr`du`çþns hn tcrnecs hc pnr`enr`c pcrc l knotrl. Hnskloknotrcçël Hnskloknotrc çël n hnsknotrcj`zcçël9 nstël rnjck`lochcs á `hn`c ggnrcj nrcj hn h`str`du`çël hn ctr`du`çþns hl knotrl pcrc c pnr`enr`c. C hnskloknotrcçël chm`o`strct`vc lklrrn nxkjus`vcmnotn hnotrl hc nstruturc hn umc mnsmc pnsslc iuríh`kc, pcrc h`str`du`çël `otnroc hn klmpntéok`cs, notrn snus prûpr`ls ûrgëls lu hnpcrtcmnotls, qun plhnm snr kr`chls. Cutcrqu`cs9 tém plr kcrcktnríst`kc c onknss`hchn hn snrnm kr`chcs plr jn`, tnrnm pnrslocj`hchn iuríh`kc hn h`rn`tl pùdj`kl, tnrnm pctr`møo`l prûpr`l, tnrnm kcpck`hchn hn cutlchm`o`strcçël, sudmntnrnm-sn c klotrljn hl plhnr pùdj`kl n hnsnmpnofcrnm euoçþns t`p`kcmnotn pùdj`kcs. Ecznm pcrtn hc Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc snohl @O[[ n l @DCMC nxnmpjls. Oël fã rnjcçël hn sudlrh`ocçël notrn cs@oh`rntc, cutcrqu`cs n c lChm`o`strcçël H`rntc. L klotrljn à e`ocjíst`kl.

4. 4.   CXL CHM@O@[XTCX@UL

[ël ls rnqu`s`tls lu njnmnotls hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl (KLE@EL-M-L)9 (KLE@EL -M-L)9 Klmpntéok`c E`ocj`hchn Elrmc Mlt`vl Ldintl Klmpntéok`c9 à l plhnr ctr`duíhl cl cgnotn chm`o`strct`vl pcrc qun l mnsml hnsnmpnofn sucs euoçþns, chv`ohl hc jn` lu hl hnkrntl cutøolml (nm`t`hl pnjl Qrns`hnotn hc Tnpùdj`kc). Tnpùdj`kc). C klmpntéok`c à l kkloiuotl loiuotl hn ctr`du`çþns kloenr`hcs cls lkupcotns hn um kcrgl, nmprngl lu euoçël pùdj`kc. Xrctc-sn hn njnmnotl v`okujchl hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl, mnsml qun nssn ctl snic h`skr`k`loãr`l. C klmpntéok`c à

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`otrcosenrívnj n `rrnouok`ãvnj, mcs c nxnkuçël hl ctl plhn snr hnjngchc, pcrc cgnotns lu ûrgëls hn mnsmc lu hn `oenr`lr f`nrcrqu`c, lu mnsml cvlkchc, pcrc cgnotns lu ûrgëls sudlrh`ochls. E`ocj`hchn9 c e`ocj`hchn hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl à sct`secznr l `otnrnssn pùdj`kl n ctnohnr cl nsklpl prnv`stl oc jn`. Xrctc-sn hn njnmnotl v`okujchl. Xrctc-sn hn njnmnotl v`okujchl hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl. Elrmc9 à l mlhl hn nxtnr`lr`zcçël hl ctl, tcj klml l nh`tcj hn um klokursl pùdj`kl. Xrctc-sn hn njnmnotl v`okujchl hl àctl chm`o`strct`vl. Mlt`vl9 snguohl H` Q`ntrl, mlt`vl hne`o`hl klml prnssuplstl hn ectl n hn h`rn`tl qun snrvn hn euohcmnotl cl ctl chm`o`strct`vl. Qrnssuplstl hn h`rn`tl à l h`spls`t`vl jngcj nm qun sn dcsn`c l ctl. Qrnssuplstl hn ectl, klml l prûpr`l olmn `oh`kc, klrrnsplohn cl kloiuotl hn k`rkuostäok`cs, hn cklotnk`mnotls, hn s`tucçþns qun jnvcm c Chm`o`strcçël c prct`kcr l ctl. Oc ùjt`mc prlvc hc QTE, sldrn mlt`vl, c sngu`otn ce`rmct`vc el` klos`hnrchc klrrntc9 ‚Xcotl c `onx`stéok`c hc mctàr`c hn

ectl qucotl c suc `ochnqucçël iuríh`kc plhn kloe`gurcr l vík`l hn mlt`vl hn um ctl chm`o`strct`vl”.  Ldintl9 À l e`m `mnh`ctl hl ctl, rnprnsnotcohl l rnsujtchl prãt`kl hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl. Qlhn snr v`okujchl lu h`skr`k`loãr`l. Klovcj`hcçël n rct`e`kcçël hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl9 l ctl prct`kchl plr cgnotn `oklmpntnotn `oklmpnt notn plhn snr klovcj`hchl plr cqunjn qun tnm c klmpntéok`c, ‚scocohl c `oklmpntéok`c”. Onssn kcsl, c klovcj`hcçël à kfcmchc hn rct`e`kcçël. Sucohl

nst`vnrmls h`cotn hn um kcsl hn klmpntéok`c nxkjus`vc (`ohnjngãvnj), oël snrã plssívnj c rct`e`kcçël. C rct`e`kcçël à ctl chm`o`strct`vl h`skr`k`loãr`l hc cutlr`hchn klmpntnotn. [ël ctr`dutls hl Ctl Chm`o`strct`vl9 QC@ Qrnsuoçël hn jng`t`m`hchn n vnrck`hchn2 v nrck`hchn2 Cutlnxnkutlr`nhchn2 @mpnrct`v`hchn. ** Qcrc cjguos cutlrns, c t`p`k`hchn n c nx`g`d`j`hchn tcmdàm snr`cm ctr`dutls. Nm prlvc hn 4130, l KNDTC[QN klos`hnrlu klrrntc c sngu`otn qunstël9 ‚Hn cklrhl klm c hlutr`oc chm`o`strct`v`stc kjãss`kc n mcilr`tãr`c,

sël ctr`dutls hls ctls chm`o`strct`vls c prnsuoçël hn jng`t`m`hchn, c `mpnrct`v`hchn n c cutlnxnkutlr`nhchn”. cutlnxnkutlr`nhchn”.  Qrnsuoçël hn jng`t`m`hchn n vnrck`hchn9 à l ctr`dutl lu kcrcktnríst`kc hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl qun cssngurc qun l ctl à vnrhchn`rl, mnsml qun n`vchl hn vík`ls lu hnen`tls, ctà qun sn prlvn l klotrãr`l. C pnsslc qun cjngc qun l ctl tnm vík`l à qun hnvn klmprlvcr. Cutlnxnkutlr`nhchn9 klml kcrcktnríst`kc lu ctr`dutl hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl, tnm klml njnmnotls c nx`g`d`j`hchn n c nxnkutlr`nhchn, cs quc`s gcrcotnm l kumpr`mnotl hcs hnk`sþns chm`o`strct`vcs snm qun snic onknssãr`c c `otnrvnoçël hl Qlhnr Iuh`k`ãr`l. @mpnrct`v`hchn9 ls ctls chm`o`strct`vls plhnm snr `mplstls c tnrkn`rls `ohnpnohnotnmnotn hc kloklrhäok`c hnstns. Xlhcv`c, oël sël tlhls ls ctls qun glzcm hnssn ctr`dutl. X`p`k`hchn9 à l ctr`dutl kloelrmn l qucj l ctl chm`o`strct`vl hnvn klrrnsplohnr c umc e`gurc hne`o`hc prnv`cmnotn pnjc jn` klml cptc c prlhuz`r hntnrm`ochls rnsujtchls.

3>

   

 

Ctl chm`o`strct`vl h`skr`k`loãr`l/v`okujchl9 snohl l ctl chm`o`strct`vl h`skr`k`loãr`l, ûrgël pùdj`kl lu cgnotn pùdj`kl tnm j`dnrhchn pcrc prct`kã-jl, rnspn`tchls ls j`m`tns hc jn` n hls pr`okíp`ls chm`o`strct`vls2 snohl l ctl v`okujchl, l chm`o`strchlr v`okujc-sn ás hntnrm`ocçþns hc jn` (tnmls mnols j`dnrhchn hn nskljfc. J`knoçc, chm`ssël, flmljlgcçël sël nxnmpjls hn ctls v`okujchls. Qnrm`ssël, cutlr`zcçël, cprlvcçël n rnoùok`c sël nxnmpjls hn ctls h`skr`k`loãr`lss (qucohl tnm ‚T”, olrmcjmnotn à h`skr`k`loãr`l). h`skr`k`loãr`l

Nspàk`ns hn ctl chm`o`strct`vl9 k`rkujcr   l ctl chm`o`strct`vl pnjl qucj cs cutlr`hchns supnr`lrns Xrctc-sn hn k`rkujcr trcosm`tnm lrhnos uo`elrmns c euok`loãr`ls sudlrh`ochls. Un`kujc rngrcs hn kcrãtnr klokrntl. Xrctc-sn hn plrtcr`c  plrtcr`c l ctl chm`o`strct`vl pnjl qucj cs cutlr`hchns hn oívnj `oenr`lr cl Kfnen hl Qlhnr Nxnkut`vl nxpnhnm lr`notcçþns gnrc`s lu nspnk`c`s cls rnspnkt`vls sudlrh`ochls lu hns`gocm snrv`hlrns pcrc l hnsnmpnofl hn knrtcs euoçþns lu hntnrm`ocm c cdnrturc hn s`oh`käok`c n prlknssl chm`o`strct`vl. J`knoçc à l ctl pnjl qucj c chm`o`strcçël pùdj`kc eckujtc, hn elrmc uo`jctnrcj n J`knoçc à v`okujchc, c um k`hchël nxnrknr hntnrm`ochc ct`v`hchn pcrc c qucj prnnokfc ls rnqu`s`tls jngc`s. Cutlr`zcçël  à l ctl snguohl l qucj l Qlhnr Qùdj`kc cprnk`c, h`skr`k`locr`cmno h`skr`k`locr`cmnotn, tn, Cutlr`zcçël c prntnosël hl pcrt`kujcr nm eckn hl `otnrnssn pùdj`kl. Klml nxnmpjl, plhnmls k`tcr c kloknssël hn cutlr`zcçël cutlr`zcçël   pcrc plrtn hn crmc, qun klos`stn nm ctl h`skr`k`loãr`l n prnkãr`l, plhnohl snr rnvlgchc c qucjqunr mlmnotl. C flmljlgcçël flmljlgcçël  à ctl chm`o`strct`vl uo`jctnrcj n v`okujchl, prct`kchl c plstnr`lr`, pnjl qucj c chm`o`strcçël pùdj`kc rnklofnkn c jngcj`hchn hn um ctl prlknh`mnotl l j`k`tctûr`l.  iuríh`kl, tcj klml klml lklrrn oc flmljlgcçël hn flmljlgcçël hn prlknh`mnot Qnrm`ssël à Qnrm`ssël à ctl chm`o`strct`vl uo`jctnrcj, h`skr`k`loãr`l n prnkãr`l, ctrcvàs hl qucj c Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc eckujtc cl pcrt`kujcr `otnrnsschl c ut`j`zcçël hn dnm pùdj`kl lu c prnstcçël hn snrv`çl pùdj`kl.

;. ;.   QLHNTN[ CHM@O@[XTCX@UL[ Qlhnr rngujcmnotcr rngujcmnotcr9 9 à c prnrrlgct`vc prnrrlgct `vc nkloenr`hc á Ch Chm`o`strcçël m`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc Qùdj`kc hn jn`s n plss`d`j`tcr suc nent`vc cpj`kcçël. Cl ch`tcr pcssl ctls gnrc`s pcrc klmpjnmnotcr cs jn`s qun cs jn`s klost`tunm ctls hn octurnzc lr`g`oãr`c, l plhnr rngujcmnotcr  rngujcmnotcr à hn octurnzc hnr`vchc (lu snkuohãr`c). **KNDTC[QN klos`hnrlu klrrntc c sngu`otn ce`rmct`vc9 ‚Ol nxnrkík`l hl plhnr rngujcmnotcr, c chm`o`strcçël  pùdj`kc oël plhnrã klotrcr`cr c jn`.” Hn lutrl jchl, nssc ce`rmct`vc el` klos`hnrchc `oklrrn `oklrrntc9 tc9 ‚Kloe`gurc cdusl hl plhnr rngujcmnotcr c nh`çël hn rngujcmnotl plr kfnen hl Qlhnr Nxnkut`vl h`splohl ldr`gcçþns h`vnrscs h`vnrscs hcs

klot`hcs nm jn` rngujcmnotchc, c`ohc qun snicm ldr`gcçþns hnr`vchcs.” Sucohl ecjcmls n m ldr`gcçþns  pr`ok`pc`s, slmnotn sl mnotn c jn` plhn `ost`tu`r. Sucohl Suco hl ecjcmls nm ldr`gcçþns hnr`vchcs, l plhnr rngujcmnotcr h hc c  Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc plhn `ost`tu`r. Oël kloe`gurc cdusl hl plhnr rngujcmnotcr nh`tcr rngujcmnotl kr`cohl ldr`gcçël hnr`vchc.

Qlhnr f`nrãrqu`kl9 f`nrãrqu`kl9 klos`stn ocs ctr`du`çþns hn klmcohl, kfne`c n h`rnçël hnotrl h`rnçël  hnotrl hc nstruturc chm`o`strct`vc. Xrctc-sn hn plhnr v`okujchl, klm v`stcs á cutl lrgco`zcçël hc Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc. **Unic qunstël hl KNDTC[QN klos`hnrchc klrrntc9 ‚Ol nxnrkík`l hl plhnr f`nrãrqu`kl, ls cgnotns pùdj`kls tém klmpntéok`c pcrc hcr lrhnos, rnvnr ctls, cvlkcr ctr`du`çþns, hnjngcr klmpntéok`c n e`skcj`zcr”. 

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Cs f`pûtnsns hn trcosenréok`c hl nxnrkík`l hn klmpntéok`c sël gnrcjmnotn kfcmchcs hn hnjngcçël n cvlkcçël. C cvlkcçël  cvlkcçël  trcosenrn l nxnrkík`l hc klmpntéok`c hl ûrgël `oenr`lr pcrc l ûrgël supnr`lr oc kchn`c f`nrãrqu`kc, noqucotl c hnjngcçël  hnjngcçël trcosenrn l nxnrkík`l hn klmpntéok`c hl ûrgël supnr`lr pcrc l `oenr`lr.  Oël plhn snr ldintl hn hnjngcçël9 c nh`çël hn ctls hn kcrãtnr olrmct`vl, c hnk`sël hn rnkursls chm`o`strct`vls, cs mctàr`cs hn klmpntéok`c nxkjus`vc hl ûrgël lu cutlr`hchn. **Nm klmpjnmnotl, c sngu`otn qunstël el` klos`hnrchc klrrntc pnjl KNDTC[QN9 ‚L ctl hn hnjngcçël hn klmpntéok`c, rnvlgãvnj c qucjqunr tnmpl pnjc cutlr`hchn hnjngcotn, hnklrrn hl plhnr chm`o`strct`vl f`nrãrqu` kl”. kl”. 

Qlhnr h`sk`pj`ocr9 h`sk`pj`ocr9 à cqunjn qun kloenrn á Chm`o`strcçël c kcpck`hchn hn cpurcr `oercçþns chm`o`strct`vcs chm`o`strct`vcs hn snrv`hlrns pùdj`kls n hcs hnmc`s pnsslcs qun nstnicm sld l rng`mn iuríh`kl hc Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc. Nxnmpjl Nxnmpjl h`ssl sël ls prlknh`mnotls chm`o`strct`vl h`sk`pj`ocrns. ** C sngu`otn cssnrt`vc el` klos`hnrchc `oklrrntc pnjl KNDTC[QN9 ‚C cpj`kcçël hn mujtc cl nstcdnjnk` nstcdnjnk`mnotl mnotl klmnrk`cj hnklrrn hl plhnr h`sk`pj`ocr hc chm`o`strcçël pùdj`kc”. Oël sn trctc hn plhnr plh nr h`sk`pj`ocr, pl`s l plhnr h`sk`pj`ocr nstã rnjck`lochl cl klotrljn `otnrol hc prûpr`c chm`o`strcçël. C qunstël enz kloeusël klm l plhnr

hn pljík`c. Nm klmpjnmnotl, nm prlvc pcrc cgnotn hc QE, c sngu`otn ce`rmct`vc el` klos`hnrchc klrrntc9 ‚C cpj`kcçël hn scoçël chm`o`strct`vc klotrc kloknss`loãr`c hn snrv`çl pùdj`kl hnklrrn hl nxnrkík`l hl plhnr

h`sk`pj`ocr”. 

pljík`c9 nm eckn hl plhnr hn pljík`c, plhnrã c Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc Qlhnr hn pljík`c9 kloh`k`locr lu rnstr`og`r ls h`rn`tls hn tnrkn`rls, nm prlj hl `otnrnssn hc kljnt`v`hchn.. Klost`tu` nxnmpjl hl plhnr hn pljík`c kljnt`v`hchn pljík`c  c `otnrh`çël hn rnstcurcotn pnjc cutlr`hchn hn v`g`jäok`c sco`tãr`c n cpj`kcçël hn mujtcs. Nm 4141, plr mc`lr`c, l Qjnoãr`l hl [uprnml Xr`duocj Enhnrcj ([XE) hnk`h`u qun à klost`tuk`locj c hnjngcçël hc ct`v`hchn hn plj`k`cmnotl hn träos`tl, träos`tl , `okjus`vn qucotl á cpj`kcçël hn mujtcs, pcrc nmprnscs pùdj`kcs n slk`nhchns hn nklolm`c m`stc. **L rnjctlr hc hnk`sël hl [XE hnstcklu qun, ol iujgcmnotl hl TN 5>6>71, l [XE hnk`h`u qun l plhnr hn pljík`c oël sn kloeuohn klm sngurcoçc pùdj`kc. Css`m, snu nxnrkík`l oël à prnrrlgct`vc nxkjus`vc hcs not`hchns plj`k`c`s. [nguohl njn, c e`skcj`zcçël hl träos`tl klm cpj`kcçël hn scoçþns chm`o`strct`vcs klost`tu` mnrl nxnrkík`l hn plhnr hn pljík`c. "Unr`e`kc-sn qun, nm rnjcçël ás nstctc`s prnstchlrcs hn snrv`çl pùdj`kl hn ctucçël prûpr`c hl Nstchl n nm rng`mn hn mlolpûj`l, oël fã rczël pcrc l cecstcmnotl hl ctr`dutl hc klnrk`d`j`hchn `onrnotn cl nxnrkík`l hl plhnr hn pljík`c, sld pnoc hn nsvcz`cmnotl hc e`ocj`hchn pcrc c qucj cqunjcs not`hchns elrcm kr`chcs", klokju`u.

8. 8.   TN[QLO[CD@J@HCHN CHM@O@[XTCX@UC

Sucohl cjguàm à rnsplosãvnj plr ecznr hntnrm`ochl snrv`çl, njc à rnsplosãvnj pnjl snrv`çl n pnjcs klosnquéok`cs hnjn chv`ohcs. [n um hcol elr kcuschl, cqunjn qun prnstlu l snrv`çl plhnrã snr rnsploscd`j`zchl rnsploscd`j`zchl.. Ecjcmls qun c rnsploscd`j`hchn snrã ldint`vc qucohl oël elr onknssãr`c c hnmlostrcçël hn qun fluvn hljl lu kujpc. Ecjcmls nm rnsploscd`j`zcçël sudint`vc qucohl elr onknssãr`c c hnmlostrcçël hn hljl lu kujpc. C rnsploscd`j`hchn nm rnjcçël á Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc à, klml rngrc, ldint`vc ldint`vc,, `ohnpnohn hn klmprlvcçël hn hljl lu kujpc. Iã nm rnjcçël cl snrv`hlr pùdj`kl kcuschlr hl hcol, c rnsploscd`j`hchn à sudint`vc sudint`vc,, hnvnohl njn tnr kcuschl l hcol plr hljl lu kujpc. Sucohl c chm`o`strcçël ctuc gnrcohl um hcol (ctl klm`ss`vl), oël fã hùv`hcs hn qun c rnsploscd`j`hchn à ldint`vc. N qucohl fã lm`ssël< C rnsploscd`j`hchn hc

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chm`o`strcçël pùdj`kc hnklrrnotn hn lm`ssël  lm`ssël  rnsujtc hn snu hnvnr hn cg`r n hc kcpck`hchn hn nssc cçël nv`tcr l hcol ‛ snm `ssl, oël fã ecjcr nm rnsploscd`j`zcçël. Nxkntuchls ls kcsls hn hnvnr nspnkíe`kl hn prltnçël, c rnsploscd`j`hchn k`v`j hl Nstchl plr klohutcs lm`ss`vcs à sudint`vc, sudint`vc, hnvnohl snr klmprlvchls c ongj`géok`c oc ctucçël nstctcj, l hcol n l onxl hn kcuscj`hchn.

>. >.   J@K@XCÇÞN[ Qr`ok`pc`s mlhcj`hchns kldrchcs nm prlvc9 Oc mlhcj`hchn klokursl, klokursl, c chm`o`strcçël plhnrã klotrctcr l prlintl lu snrv`çl tàko`kl nspnk`cj`zchl hnshn qun l cutlr knhc ls h`rn`tls pctr`mlo`c`s c njn rnjct`vls. **KNDTC[QN klos`hnrlu klrrntc c sngu`otn ce`rmcçël9 ‚Klokursl à c mlhcj`hchn hn j`k`tcçël pcrc nskljfc hn trcdcjfl tàko`kl, crtíst`kl lu k`notíe`kl. Nm sn trctcohl hn snjnçël hn prlintl hn kuofl `otnjnktucj, hnvnrã l cutlr knhnr á chm`o`strcçël ls h`rn`tls pctr`mlo`c`s c njn rnct`vls pcrc  pcgcmnotl hl prém`l lu rnmuonrcçël”. 

L klov`tn à klov`tn à c ùo`kc mlhcj`hchn hn j`k`tcçël nm qun c jn` oël nx`gn c pudj`kcçël hn nh`tcj. C mlhcj`hchn hn j`k`tcçël ut`j`zchc pcrc c vnohc v nohc hn prlhutls jngcjmnotn cprnnoh`hls lu pnoflrchls à hnolm`ochc jn`jël. jn`jël.  J`k`tcçël J`k`tcçë l `onx`gívnj x h`spnosãvnj x h`spnoschc9 Sucohl `onx`stn klmpnt`t`v`hchn, nstcmls h`cotn hn umc f`pûtnsn hn `onx`gívnj.. Sucohl fluvnr klmpnt`t`v`hchn, lu snic, fã chvnrsãr`ls, j`k`tcçël `onx`gívnj mcs j`k`tcr à eckujtãvnj, nstcmls h`cotn hn umc j`k`tcçël h`spnosãvnj h`spnosãvnj.. Qlr lutrl jchl, à vnhchc c j`k`tcçël, mnsml nx`st`ohl klmpnt`t`v`hchn, ol kcsl h`spnoschc.. hn j`k`tcçël h`spnoschc Nm prlvc hl KNDTC[QN hn 4141, 4 141, cs sngu`otns ce`rmct`vcs elrcm klos`hnrchcs klrrntcs9 ‚À f`pûtnsn hn `onx`g`d`j`hchn hn j`k`tcçël c klotrctcçël hn  prle`ss`locj lu nmprnsc hn oltûr`c nspnk`cj`zcçël pcrc e`skcj`zcçël, supnrv`sël lu gnrnok`cmnotl hn ldrcs, hn octurnzc s`ogujcr, qucohl fluvnr

`ov`cd`j`hchn hn klmpnt`çël”.  klmpnt`çël”.  C nx`stéok`c hn elronknhlr nxkjus`vl hn hntnrm`ochl prlhutl à f`pûtnsn `onx`g`d`j`hchn hn  hn j`k`tcçël. hn `onx`g`d`j`hchn **H`kc pcrc mnmlr`zcr ls kcsls hn `onx`g`d`j`hchn9 - Elronknhlr nxkjus`vl2 - Qrle`ss`locj crtíst`kl2 - Qrle`ss`locj hn oltûr`c nspnk`cj`zcçël, vnhchl pcrc pudj`k`hchn.

5. 5.   KLOXTLJN HC CHM@O@[XTCÇËL QÙDJ@KC

 hls ctls chm`o`strct`vls à rnstr`tl c cspnktls hn jngcj`hchn, L klotrljn iuh`k`cj klotrljn iuh`k`cj hls snohl vnhchc c coãj`sn hl màr`tl chm`o`strct`vl pnjl Qlhnr Iuh`k`ãr`l. *** L KNDTC[QN klos`hnrlu klrrntc c sngu`otn ce`rmct`vc9 ‚Nmdlrc nxnrçc klotrljn hn ctls chm`o`strct`vls cl cvcj`cr ls j`m`tns hc h`skr`k`locr`nhchn sld ls cspnktls hc jngcj`hchn, à vnhchl cl Qlhnr Iuh`k`ãr`l nxnrknr l klotrljn hn màr`tl hn ctls chm`o`strct`vls, pl`s nstn à pr`vct`vl hc chm`o`strcçël pùdj`kc”. pùdj`kc”.  C  C sngu`otn sngu`otn ce`rm ce`rmct`vc ct`vc tcmdàm el` klos`hnrchc klrrntc9 ‚L Qlhnr Iuh`k`ãr`l sû tnm klmpntéok`c pcrc rnvlgcr ls ctls chm`o`strct`vls  plr njn mnsml prlhuz`hls”. 

C chm`o`strcçël plhn coujcr coujcr   snus prûpr`ls ctls, qucohl n`vchls hn vík`ls qun ls tlrocm `jngc`s, plrqun hnjns oël sn lr`g`ocm h`rn`tls2 lu rnvlgã-jls, rnvlgã-jls, plr mlt`vl hn klovno`éok`c klovno`éok `c lu lplrtuo`hchn, rnspn`tchl rnspn`tchlss ls h`rn`tls chqu`r`hls, n rnsscjvchc, nm tlhls ls kcsls, c cprnk`cçël iuh`k`cj iuh`k`cj ([ùmujc 87; hl [XE). 

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Jng`sjct`vl l  l plhnr-hnvnr hn klotrljn e`ocokn`rl  e`ocokn`rl  hcs ct`v`hchns hl Kcdn cl Qlhnr  Qlhnr Jng`sjct`vl Qlhnr Nxnkut`vl, l qun `mpj`kc c klmpntéok`c hcqunjn pcrc cprnk`cr l màr`tl hl ctl chm`o`strct`vl sld l cspnktl hc nklolm`k`hchn.  L pr`okíp`l hc suprnmck`c hl `otnrnssn pùdj`kl pùdj`kl  sldrn l pr`vchl à pr`okíp`l `mpjík`tl. Xcj pr`okíp`l euohcmnotc c rnqu`s`çël chm`o`strct`vc, c qucj nstã css`m hne`o`hc oc KE/669 ol kcsl hn `m`onotn pnr`gl pùdj`kl, c cutlr`hchn klmpntnotn plhnrã plhnrã uscr hn prlpr`nhchn pcrt`kujcr, cssngurchc cl prlpr`ntãr`l `ohno`zcçël ujtnr`lr, sn fluvnr hcol.

7. 7.   QT@OKÍQ@L[

Ls pr`okíp`ls hc Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc qun nstël nxprnssls oc KE sël l J@MQN9 jngcj`hchn, `mpnsslcj`hchn, mlrcj`hchn, pudj`k`hchn n ne`k`éok`c. pùdj`kl l sldrn l pr`vchl9 Klml pr`okíp`l `mpjík`tl, tnmls c suprnmck`c hl `otnrnssn pùdj`k Xcj pr`okíp`l euohcmnotc c rnqu`s`çël chm`o`strct`vc, c qucj nstã css`m hne`o`hc oc KE/669 ol kcsl hn `m`onotn pnr`gl pùdj`kl, c cutlr`hchn klmpntnotn plhnrã plhnrã uscr hn prlpr`nhchn pcrt`kujcr, cssngurchc cl prlpr`ntãr`l `ohno`zcçël ujtnr`lr, sn fluvnr hcol.   hcol.

6. 6.   CGNOXN[ QÙDJ@KL[ @ohnpnohn hn cprlvcçël nm klokursl pùdj`kl c `ovnst`hurc `ov nst`hurc ols kcrgls nm klm`ssël,, snohl klm`ssël hn j`vrn olmncçël n nxlonrcçël. ** Qcrc ls hnmc`s kcrgls pùdj`kls, c `ovnst`hurc cklotnkn plr mn`l hn pràv`c cprlvcçël nm klokursl kloku rsl pùdj`kl hn prlvcs lu hn prlvcs n títujls. **Lds.9 nxlonrcçël oël à puo`çël. [n umc pnsslc elr nxlonrchc hl kcrgl nm klm`ssël c prntnxtl hn snr puo`hc, pnjc tnlr`c hls mlt`vls hntnrm`ocotns, c nxlonrcçël snrã coujchc. L mlhl klrrntl hn puo`r, rnt`rcohl c pnsslc hl kcrgl, à pnjc hnst`tu`çël hn kcrgl nm klm`ssël, klm`ssël, hnvnohl snr cdnrtl prlknh`mnotl chm`o`strct`vl h`sk`pj`ocr.

Cs scoçþns k`v`s, pnoc`s n chm`o`strct`vcs plhnrël kumujcr-sn, kumujcr-sn, `ohnpnohnotns notrn  notrn s`. snohl `ohnpnohnotns C rnsploscd`j`hchn chm`o`strct`vc chm`o`strct`vc hl snrv`hlr snrã cecstchc ol kcsl hn cdsljv`çël kr`m`ocj qun ongun c nx`stéok`c hl ectl lu suc cutlr`c cutlr`c.. Qr`ok`pc`s pnocs prnv`stcs oc jn` 6.3349 hnm`ssël.. Kloe`gurc cdcohlol hn kcrgl c C pnoc pcrc cdcohlol hn kcrgl à hn hnm`ssël cuséok`c `otnok`locj `otnok`locj hl  hl snrv`hlr cl snrv`çl plr mc`s hn ;1 h`cs ;1 h`cs klosnkut`vls. C pnoc pcrc `ocsscu`hchn fcd`tucj à hn hnm`ssël hnm`ssël.. Notnohn-sn plr `ocss`hu`hchn fcd`tucj fcd`tucj c ecjtc cl snrv`çl, snm kcusc iust`e`kchc, plr 51 h`cs, 51 h`cs, `otnrpljchcmnotn, `otnrpljchcm notn, hurcotn l pnrílhl hn 34 mnsns. C pnoc pcrc kr`mn klotrc c chm`o`strcç chm`o`strcçël ël pùdj`kc, klrrupçël n `mprld`hchn hnm`ssël.. chm`o`strct`vc à hn hnm`ssël C pnoc pcrc klohutc nskcohcjlsc, oc rnpcrt`çël, à c hn hnm`ssël hnm`ssël.. C pnoc pcrc `osudlrh`ocçël grcvn nm snrv`çl à c hn hnm`ssël. hnm`ssël. C pnoc pcrc lenosc eís`kc, nm snrv`çl, c snrv`hlr lu pcrt`kujcr, scjvl nm jngít`mc hnensc prûpr`c lu hn lutrnm, à c hnm`ssël. hnm`ssël. C pnoc pcrc cqunjn qun rnvnjcr sngrnhl hl qucj sn cprlpr`lu nm rczël hl kcrgl à hnm`ssël hnm`ssël.. C pnoc pcrc cqunjn qun jnscr ls klerns pùdj`kls à hnm`ssël. hnm`ssël . C pnoc pcrc qunm ckumujcr, `jngcjmnotn, `jngcjmnotn, kcrgls nmprngls lu euoçþns pùdj`kcs, à c hn hnm`ssël. hnm`ssël.

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[nrã puo`hl klm suspnosël hn ctà 3> h`cs h`cs  l snrv`hlr qun, `oiust`e`kchcmnotn, rnkuscr-sn c snr sudmnt`hl c `ospnçël màh`kc hntnrm`ochc pnjc cutlr`hchn klmpntnotn, knsscohl ls nen`tls hc pnocj`hchn umc vnz kumpr`hc c hntnrm`ocçël. Cs pnocj`hchns hn chvnrtéok`c n hn suspnosël tnrël snus rng`strls kcoknjchls, cpûs l hnkursl hn ; n > cols hn nent`vl nxnrkík`l, rnspnkt`vcmnotn rnspnkt`vcmnotn,, sn l snrv`hlr oël fluvnr, onssn pnrílhl, prct`kchl olvc `oercçël h`sk`pj`ocr.

;. H@TN@XL H@TN@XL QNOCJ 3. 3.   QT@OKÍQ@L[ DÃ[@KL[ Qr`okíp`l hc rntrlct`v`hchn pnocj dnoàe`kc9  Nm rngrc, cpj`kcm-sn cl ectl cs jn`s v`gnotns oc àplkc hl ectl. Klotuhl, jn` plstnr`lr dnoàe`kc plhnrã rntrlcg`r pcrc dnone`k`cr l ràu. [ùmujc 733 hl [XE  ‛ C jn` pnocj mc`s grcvn cpj`kc-sn cl kr`mn klot`ouchl lu cl kr`mn pnrmconotn, sn c suc v`géok`c à cotnr`lr á knsscçël hc klot`ou`hchn lu hc pnrmcoéok`c.   pnrmcoéok`c. Unic c qunstël cdc`xl9 [`tucçël f`pltàt`kc9 Ilël klmntnu kr`mn pnrmconotn qun tnvn `oík`l nm envnrn`rl hn 4133 n e`m nm hnznmdrl hnssn mnsml col. Nm olvnmdrl hn 4133, fluvn cjtnrcçël jng`sjct`v jng`sjct`vcc qun cgrcvlu c pnoc hl kr`mn plr njn klmnt`hl. Cssnrt`vc9 Onssc s`tucçël, hnvn snr cpj`kchc c jn` qun prnvé pnoc mc`s dnoàe`kc nm ctnoçël cl pr`okíp`l hc `rrntrlct`v`hchn hc jn` pnocj mc`s grcvlsc. Tnsplstc9 NTTCHL, pl`s trctc-sn hn kr`mn pnrmconotn, hnvnohl snr cpj`kchc c jn` mc`s grcvn, kloelrmn [. 733 hl [XE. 

Qr`okíp`l hc `os`go`e`käok`c9 [n c klohutc hl cgnotn jnscr lu nxpusnr c pnr`gl hn jnsël hn elrmc `os`go`e`kcotns ls dnos iuríh`kls, kcdn c cpj`kcçël hl pr`okíp`l hc `os`go`e`käok`c. L pr`okíp`l hc `os`go`e`käok`c ctuc klml kcusc hn nxkjusël hc t`p`k`hchn pnocj (t`p`k`hchn mctnr`cj). Qcrc l [XE, tnmls ls sngu`otns rnqu`s`tls pcrc cpj`kcçël hl pr`okíp`l hc `os`go`e`käok`c (MCT@)9 Mío`mc lenos`v`hchn hc klohutc2 Cuséok`c hn pnr`kujls`hchn slk`cj hc cçël2 Tnhuz`hl grcu hn rnprlvcd`j`hchn hl klmplrtcmnotl2 @onxprnss`v`hchn hc jnsël iuríh`kc prlvlkchc. @os`go`e`käok`c ol hnskcm`ofl  ‛ tcotl pcrc l [XE klml l [XI9 41 m`j rnc`s l vcjlr j`m`tn pcrc qun l ectl snic klos`hnrchl `os`go`e`kcotn. L pr`okíp`l hc `os`go`e`käok`c à tcmdàm klofnk`hl klml l pr`okíp`l hc dcgctnjc prûpr`c. H`enrnoçc notrn dcgctnjc prûpr`c x `mprûpr`c9

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C dcgctnjc `mprûpr`c oël cecstc l kr`mn kr`mn,, mcs s`m c cpj`kcçël hc pnoc. Iã c dcgctnjc prûpr`c cecstc l prûpr`l kr`mn (à kr`mn  (à klml sn l kr`mn oël t`vnssn nx`st`hl), cl nxkju`r c t`p`k`hchn mctnr`cj hl ectl. Qr`okíp`l hc klot`ou`hchn típ`kl olrmct`vc9 Lklrrn cpnocs um rnh`rnk`locmnotl hn um t`pl pcrc lutrl, oël fcvnohl suc hnskr`m`ocj`zcçël. H`enrn hc cdlj`k`l kr`m`o`s, c qucj trctc hc f`pûtnsn nm qun umc jn` olvc hnst`p`e`kc, nm pcrtn lu tltcjmnotn, um ectl qun nrc cotnr`lrmnot cotnr`lrmnotnn hne`o`hl klml kr`mn. Nxnmpjl9 hn klot`ou`hchn típ`kl-olrmct`vc  ‛ ctnotchl v`ljnotl cl puhlr (crt. 438 hl cot`gl Kûh`gl Qnocj), qun el` rnvlgchl pnjc jn` 34.13>/10. Qlhnmls h`znr qun tcj klohutc oël hn`xlu hn snr klos`hnrchc kr`mn, mcs s`m qun njc cpnocs ‚m`grlu” pcrc

l t`pl pnocj hl kr`mn hn nstuprl, h`sk`pj`ochl pnjl crt`gl 43; hl ctucj Kûh`gl Q Qnocj. nocj. Qr`okíp`l hc suds`h`cr`nhchn9 L pr`okíp`l hc suds`h`cr`nhchn à cqunjn snguohl l qucj l h`rn`tl pnocj sû hnvn ctucr qucohl ls hnmc`s rcmls hl h`rn`tl elrnm `osue`k`notns pcrc prltnçël hl dnm  iuríh`kl tutnjchl. tutnjchl. Qr`okíp`l hc ercgmnotcr`nhchn9 Qr`okíp`l snguohl l qucj l H`rn`tl Qnocj hnvn t`p`e`kcr cpnocs um pnqunol oùmnrl hn klohutcs, nspnk`cjmnotn nspnk`cjmnotn cqunjcs qun elrnm mc`s grcvns n prct`kchcs klotrc dnos  iuríh`kls mc`s rnjnvcotns. Nssn pr`okíp`l pr`okíp`l ctuc kloiuotcmnotn klm l hc `otnrvnoçël mío`mc. Qr`okíp`l hc jngcj`hchn9 Oël fã kr`mn snm jn` cotnr`lr qun l hne`oc. Qlrtcotl, mnh`hc prlv`sûr`c lu hnkrntl oël plhnm kr`cr kr`mn, cpnocs jn` nmcochc hl Klogrnssl Ock`locj. À l pr`okíp`l snguohl l qucj cs jn`s hnvnm ldnhnknr ás elrmcs n cls prlknh`mnotls nx`g`hls oc kr`cçël hc jn` pnocj, dnm klml oc njcdlrcçël hn snu klotnùhl olrmct`vl..  olrmct`vl **Mnh`hc prlv`sûr`c oël plhn kr`cr kr`mn, pl`s v`ljc l pr`okíp`l hc rnsnrvc jngcj. Cpnocs c jn` plhn kr`cr kr`mn. Klotuhl, chm`tn-sn qun mnh`hc prlv`sûr`c snic kr`chc pcrc dnone`k`cr l `oerctlr nm mctàr`c pnocj.

Qr`okíp`l hc tcxct`v`hchn9 L pr`okíp`l hc tcxct`v`hchn à um hls klrljãr`ls hl pr`okíp`l hc jngcj`hchn, prngcohl qun c jn` pnocj hnvn snr kjcrc, prnk`sc n hntnrm`ochc, oël kcdnohl `okr`m`ocçþns vcgcs lu gnoàr`kcs.  gnoàr`kcs.  Qr`okíp`l hc chnqucçël jngcj9 Oël fã kr`mn snm jn` cotnr`lr qun l hne`oc. Qlrtcotl, mnh`hc prlv`sûr`c lu hnkrntl oël plhnm kr`cr kr`mn, cpnocs jn` nmcochc hl Klogrnssl Ock`locj. L pr`okíp`l hc chnqucçël slk`cj prnklo`zc qun oël sn plhn rnputcr kr`m`olsc umc klohutc tljnrchc pnjc slk`nhchn, c`ohc qun sn noquchrn nm umc hnskr`çël típ`kc  (lu snic, nm um kr`mn prnv`stl nm jn`). Xrctc-sn hn klohutcs qun, nmdlrc típ`kc elrmcjmnotn típ`kcs, plrqucotl hnskr`tcs oum t`pl pnocj, sël mctnr`cjmnotn

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ctíp`kcs plrqun slk`cjmnotn chnquchcs, `stl à, nstël nm klosloäok`c klm c lrhnm slk`cj. Nm lutrcs pcjcvrcs, l pr`okíp`l hc chnqucçël slk`cj duskc cecstcr c t`p`e`kcçël hn klohutcs klos`hnrchcs slk`cjmnotn chnquchcs. Qlr mn`l hc `otnrprntcçël, njn j`m`tc c cpj`kcçël hl t`pl pnocj. L pr`okíp`l nm qunstël tcmdàm sn h`r`gn pcrc l jng`sjchlr, snrv`ohl klml olrtn oc kr`cçël hn jn`s. **Nxnmpjl9 mën qun eurc lrnjfc hc e`jfc pcrc kljlkcçël hn dr`okl ‛  pnjl  pnjl pr`okíp`l hc chnqucçël slk`cj, oël `rã rnsplohnr kr`m`ocjmnotn pnjl kr`mn hn jnsël9 Jnsël klrplrcj  Crt. 340. 340. Lenohnr c `otngr`hchn klrplrcj lu c scùhn hn lutrnm9 Qnoc - hntnoçël, hn trés mnsns c um col.  C klohutc hc mën à elrmcjmnotn típ`kc, el` hn h n ectl lenohnu c `otngr`hchn klrplrcj hn lutrnm. Klotuhl, pnjl  pr`okíp`l hc chnqucçël slk`cj, slk`cj, oël à mctnr`cjmnotn típ`kc, lu snic. Qcrc nx`st`r l kr`mn, c klohutc hnvn snr elrmcjmnotn típ`kc n mctnr`cjmnotn típ`kc.

Qr`okíp`l hc cjtnr`hchn9 [nguohl l pr`okíp`l hc cjtnr`hchn, pcrc fcvnr kr`mn, c klohutc fumcoc hnvn kljlkcr nm r`skl lu jnscr dnos hn tnrkn`rls. tnrkn`rls . À prl`d`hc c `okr`m`ocçël hn ct`tuhns qun oël nxknhcm l ämd`tl hl prûpr`l cutlr. Ulké oël plhn snr vít`mc hn s` prûpr`l. Nxnmpjl9 oël à kr`mn sn mctcr. **@ohl cjàm9 c kr`m`ocj`zcçël hl usl hc hrlgc oël v`ljc l pr`okíp`l hc cjtnr`hchn< Ce`ocj, l usuãr`l nstcr`c kcuscohl mcj c s` prûpr`l. Kloelrmn hlutr`oc, l usl hn hrlgcs, cjàm hn kcuscr mcj pcrc pc rc l prûpr`l usuãr`l, kcusc mcj á scùhn pùdj`kc klml um tlhl.

4. 4.   CQJ@KCÇËL HC JN@ QNOCJ Cpj`kcçël hc jn` pnocj (jutc)9 Jugcr9 tnlr`c hc ^d`qu`hchn Klos`hnrc-sn klml jugcr hl kr`mn tcotl l hc cçël lu lm`ssël qucotl l hcqunjn nm qun sn vnr`e`kcr l rnsujtchl. Xnmpl9 tnlr`c hc Ct`v`hchn Klos`hnrc-sn prct`kchl l kr`mn ol mlmnotl hc cçël lu lm`ssël, c`ohc qun lutrl snic l mlmnotl hl rnsujtchl. Jn`s nxknpk`loc`s tnmplrãr`cs9 ol qun h`z rnspn`tl á ne`kãk`c tnmplrcj hc jn` pnocj, l tàrm`ol hc v`géok`c hcs jn`s hnolm`ochcs tnmplrãr`cs n nxknpk`loc`s oël hnpnohn hn rnvlgcçël plr jn` plstnr`lr. Klosumchl l jcpsl hc jn` tnmplrãr`c lu knsschcs cs k`rkuostäok`cs hntnrm`ochlrcs hcs nxknpk`loc`s, knssc, notël, c v`géok`c hnsscs jn`s. Ctnoçël9 ^jtrct`v`hchn h`z-sn hn umc jn` qucohl njc à cpj`kchc plstnr`lrmnotn cl e`m hn suc v`géok`c (rnvlgcçël). À l kcsl hcs jn`s nxknpk`loc`s n tnmplrãr`cs, tnmplrãr`cs, pl`s nstcs sël ujtrct`vcs ujtrct`vcs.. `otnrm`tnotnss (sël rnvlgchcs nm kurtl pnrílhl, Cs jn`s nxknpk`loc`s n tnmplrãr`cs tnmplrãr`cs tcmdàm sël `otnrm`tnotn hn elrmc ‚cutlmãt`kc”).

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[ùmujc 733 hl [XE9 C jn` pnocj mc`s grcvn cpj`kc-sn cl kr`mn klot`ouchl lu cl kr`mn pnrmconotn pnrmconotn,, sn c suc v`géok`c à cotnr`lr á knsscçël hc klot`ou`hchn lu hc pnrmcoéok`c. pnrmcoéok`c . Nxnmpjl hn cpj`kcçël hc [ùmujc 733 hl [XE9 `mcg`on qun Ilël snqunstrn Mcr`c ol h`c flin n qun l snqunstrl pnrhurn plr ;1 h`cs. [n cotns hl e`m hl snqunstrl v`nr umc olvc jn`, cgrcvcohl c pnoc pcrc l kr`mn hn snqunstrl, hnvnrã njc snr cpj`kchc< L snqunstrl sn nokc`xc ol kfcmchl ‚kr`mn pnrmconotn”. Kr`mn pnrmconotn à

cqunjn kuil mlmnotl klosumct`vl sn prljlogc ol tnmpl hn cklrhl klm c vlotchn hl kr`m`olsl, hn mlhl qun l cgnotn tnm l hlmío`l sldrn l mlmnotl hn klosumcçël klosumcç ël hl kr`mn, tcj klml cklotnkn o ol l kr`mn hn snqunstrl, prn prnv`stl v`stl ol crt`gl 386 hl Kûh`gl Qnocj, qun sn klosumc klm c rnt`rchc hc j`dnrhchn hc vít`mc, mcs l hnj`tl klot`ouc klosumcohl-sn noqucotl c vít`mc pnrmconknr nm plhnr hl cgnotn. Hnssn mlhl, hn cklrhl klm c [. 733 hl [XE, c pnoc mc`s grcvn snrã cpj`kchc c Ilël, pl`s njc klmnçlu c v`glrcr cotns hl e`m hc klosumcçël hl kr`mn hn snqunstrl. [`tucçël f`pltàt`kc9 Ilël klmntnu kr`mn pnrmconotn qun tnvn `oík`l nm envnrn`rl hn 4133 n e`m nm hnznmdrl hnssn mnsml col. Nm olvnmdrl hn 4133, fluvn cjtnrcçël jng`sjct`vc qun cgrcvlu c pnoc hl kr`mn plr njn klmnt`hl. Cssnrt`vc9 Onssc s`tucçël, hnvn snr cpj`kchc c jn` qun prnvé pnoc mc`s dnoàe`kc nm ctnoçël cl pr`okíp`l hc `rrntrlct`v`hchn hc jn` pnocj mc`s grcvlsc. @ssl nstã klrrntl lu nrrchl<   Tnsplstc9 NTTCHL, pl`s trctc-sn hn kr`mn pnrmconotn, hnvnohl snr cpj`kchc c jn` mc`s grcvn, kloelrmn [. 733 hl [XE. •

;. ;.   L ECXL XÍQ@KL N [N^[ NJNMNOXL[ Nrrl hn t`pl9 L nrrl sldrn l njnmnotl hl t`pl nxkju` l hljl, mcs chm`tn c puo`çël plr kr`mn kujplsl, sn prnv`stl nm jn`. Nxnmpjl9 vlké sc` pcrc kcçcr n h`spcrc klotrc um suplstl co`mcj. Mc`s tcrhn, vnr`e`kc qun oël nrc um co`mcj, mcs umc pnsslc ecotcs`chc hn ursl. Onssn kcsl, oël fluvn l hljl ol snot`hl hn mctcr umc pnsslc. Xrctc-sn hn nrrl hn t`pl, l qucj nxkju` l hljl.  hljl.  Ctls prnpcrctûr`ls x kr`mn tnotchl9 Ols ctls prnpcrctûr`ls, c nxnkuçël nxnkuçël hl kr`mn oël el` `o`k`chc c`ohc, pl`s l `oh`víhul oël nstã prct`kcohl c`ohc ls ctls hn nxnkuçël (nxnmpjl9 `oh`víhul klmprc klrhc pcrc rncj`zcr um snqunstrl). Oc tnotct`vc, c nxnkuçël hl kr`mn el` `o`k`chc. L kr`mn snrã tnotchl qucohl, `o`k`chc c nxnkuçël, oël sn klosumc l kr`mn plr k`rkuostäok`cs k`rkuostäo k`cs cjfn`cs á vlotchn hl cgnotn (nxnmpjl9 pljík`c kfngc n `mpnhn qun l dcoh`hl eugc klm l dnm eurtchl). Ctl prnpcrctûr`l9 nm rngrc, oël à puoívnj. Nssns ctls slmnotn sël puoívn`s qucohl klost`tuírnm, klost`tuírn m, plr s` sû, `oercçël pnocj. ^m nxnmpjl hn ctl prnpcrctûr`l puoívnj à l hnj`tl hn pntrnkfls pcrc ecjs`e`kcçël hn mlnhc (crt. 403 hl Kûh`gl Qnocj), qun snr`c um ctl prnpcrctûr`l hl kr`mn hn mlnhc ecjsc.

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Kr`mn tnotchl9 scjvl h`spls`çël nm klotrãr`l, puon-sn c tnotct`vc klm c pnoc klrrnsplohnotn klrrnsplohn otn cl kr`mn klosumchl, h`m`ouíhc hn um c hl`s tnrçls.

X`pls hn tnotct`vc9 Drcokc/@okrunotc9 Drcokc/@okrun otc9 L cgnotn oël klosngu`u onm mnsml ct`og`r l ldintl prntnoh`hl. Nx.9 Cl ct`rcr, ls prliàtn`s hnsv`crcm hc vít`mc. Unrmnjfc/Krunotc9 L cgnotn klosngu`u ct`og`r l ldintl, mcs oël klosngu`u klosumcr l hnj`tl. Nx.9 L prliàt`j slmnotn pnreurlu l drcçl hc vít`mc. Qnren`tc/Ckcdchc9 L cgnotn ut`j`zlu tlhls ls mn`ls qun nstcvcm cl snu cjkcokn, n mnsml css`m oël klosumlu l kr`mn. Nx.9 L cgnotn jns`lolu c vít`mc klm slkls n h`spcrlu 8 t`rls oc mnsmc, mcs el` prnsl nm ejcgrcotn cotns qun c vít`mc puhnssn v`r c ecjnknr. @mpnren`tc/@ockcdchc9 L cgnotn oël klosngun ut`j`zcr tlhls ls snus mn`ls hn nxnkuçël pcrc c prãt`kc hnj`tulsc. Nx.9 L cgnotn tnm c plss`d`j`hchn ldint`vc hnsenr`r k`okl h`spcrls, mcs sû klosngun nentucr um h`spcrl, pl`s à prnsl nm ejcgrcotn cotns. Kr`mns qun oël chm`tnm c elrmc tnotchc9 KKFL^QC9   KKFL^QC9 Klotrcvnoçþns2 Kujplsls2 Fcd`tuc`s2 Lm`ss`vls prûpr`ls, ^o`ssuds`tnotns, Qrntnrhljlsls2 n Ctnotchl (kr`mns hn ctnotchc). Xnlr`kcmnotn, Xnlr`kcmn otn, snr`c plssívnj nx`st`r c tnotct`vc hn umc klotrcvnoçël pnocj. Klotuhl, plr h`spls`çël jngcj, nstcdnjnknu-sn qun9  Crt. 8¹ Oël à puoívnj puoívnj c tnotct`vc h hn n klotrcvnoçël (Jn` hcs Klotrcvnoçþns). Klotrcvnoçþns).  Css`m snohl, tnlr`kcmnotn, c tnotct`vc tnotct`vc nx`stn ocs klotrcvnoçþns, njc cpnocs oël à klos`hnrchc (oël snohl puoívnj).

L klokn`tl cocjít`kl hn kr`mn9 Qcrc l olssl lrhnocmnotl iuríh`kl, kr`mn à l ectl típ`kl, `jík`tl n kujpãvnj. [û plhnmls ecjcr qun lklrrnu l kr`mn sn l tr`pà tlhl nst`vnr klmpjntl. Ecjtcohl um hnssns njnmnotls, oël fã kr`mn. Ectl típ`kl9

Klohutc9 snm c klohutc, oël fã ecjcr nm kr`mn. C klohutc plhn snr hljlsc (qucohl fã `otnoçël hn klmntnr l kr`mn) lu kujplsc (oël fã `otnoçël). Sucohl ecjcmls qun

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cjguàm cg`u snm hljl lu snm kujpc, oël fã klohutc. Oël fcvnohl klohutc, oël fã kr`mn. Tnsujtchl9 tlhl kr`mn tnm rnsujtchl iuríh`kl (lu olrmct`vl), pl`s snmprn fã jnsël cl dnm iuríh`kl tutnjchl lu pnr`gl hn jnsël, qucohl um kr`mn à klmnt`hl. Xlhcv`c, onm tlhl kr`mn rnsujtchl octurcjíst`kl (mlh`e`kcçël eís`kc hl muohl nxtnr`lr), klml cklotnkn ol kr`mn hn flm`kíh`l (cjguàm mlrrn). Sucohl nstuhcmls rnsujtchl hl kr`mn, à `mplrtcotn scdnr sldrn ls kr`mns elrmc`s, mctnr`c`s n hn mnrc klohutc. Kr`mns mctnr`c`s9 l rnsujtchl octurcjíst`kl hnskr`tl ol t`pl à `oh`spnosãvnj pcrc c klosumcçë klosumcçël. l. Nxnmpjl9 flm`kíh`l ‛ ‚Crt. 343 - Mctcr cjguàm”. Kr`mns elrmc`s9 l rnsujtchl octurcjíst`kl hnskr`tl ol t`pl à h`spnosãvnj. C klosumcçël cklotnkn klm c prãt`kc hc klohutc nm s` (plr `ssl, tcmdàm sn kfcmc hn hnj`tl hn klosumcçël cotnk`pchc). Nx.9 ‚Nxtlrsël  ‛  Crt. 3>6 Klostrcognr cjguàm, mnh`cotn v`ljéok`c lu grcvn cmncçc, n klm l `otu`tl hn ldtnr pcrc s` lu pcrc lutrnm `ohnv`hc vcotcgnm nkloøm`kc, c ecznr, tljnrcr qun sn ecçc lu hn`xcr hn ecznr cjgumc kl`sc ”. L mnrl ‚klostrcognr” klm l `otu`tl hn ldtnr vcotcgnm iã ecz l kr`mn sn klosumcr, c`ohc qun onofumc vcotcgnm vnofc c snr ldt`hc klm l kr`mn. Kr`mns hn mnrc klohutc9 oël fã rnsujtchl octurcjíst`kl ol t`pl (kr`mn hn mnrc ct`v`hchn). Nxnmpjl9 plrtn `jngcj hn crmcs, pl`s l mnrl ctl hn plrtcr c crmc nm s` oël gnrc onofumc klosnquéok`c ol muohl, mcs iã klosumc l kr`mn. Onxl kcuscj9 à l njl qun uon c klohutc prct`kchl pnjl cutlr cl rnsujtchl. À l njl kcuscj qun plss`d`j`tc c ctr`du`çël hn rnsploscd`j`hchn pnocj. X`p`k`hchnn (elrmcj lu mctnr`cj). X`p`k`hch X`p`k`hchn elrmcj9 à c kloelrm`hchn hl ectl cl t`pl pnocj, lu snic, c chnqucçël hl ctl prct`kchl pnjl cgnotn áqu`jl qun nstã prnv`stl cdstrctcmnotn oc olrmc. Nxnmpjl9 flm`kíh`l  ‛  ‚eujcol mctlu k`kjcol”. Onssn kcsl, c t`p`k`hchn elrmcj sn nokc`xc ol hnj`tl hn flm`kíh`l. X`p`k`hchn mctnr`cj9 à c vcjlrcçël hc klohutc n hl rnsujtchl. L dnm iuríh`kl hnvn snr nent`vcmnotn jnschl. Cqu` notrc l pr`okíp`l hc `os`go`e`käok`c, pl`s l hnj`tl el` prct`kchl, mcs oël fluvn jnsël cl dnm iuríh`kl hn elrmc s`go`e`kct`vc. @j`k`tuhn9

C mnjflr elrmc hn nstuhcr c `j`k`tuhn, à nstuhcohl l qun c cecstc, pl`s à `ssl qun `rã kc`r oc prlvc hc QTE. Nx`st`ohl qucjqunr umc hcs kcuscs kc uscs qun nxkjunm c `j`k`tuhn, oël fã kr`mn. Cjàm hcs kcuscs prnv`stcs ck`mc, fã umc suprcjngcj (lu snic, oël nstã ocs jn`s)9 snr`c l klosnot`mnotl hl lenoh`hl. Qcrc qun l klosnot`mnotl hc vít`mc nxkjuc l kr`mn, cjguos rnqu`s`tls hnvnm nstcr prnsnotns9

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c h`splo`d`j`hchn hl dnm iuríh`kl tutnjchl pnjc olrmc, olr mc, c vcj`hchn hl klosnot`mnotl, c onknss`hchn hn nstn ùjt`ml snr mco`enstchl hn elrmc j`vrn n plr pnsslc kcpcz, c cotnr`lr`hchn lu s`mujtcon`hchn notrn l kr`mn n l klosnot`mnotl. klosnot`mnotl. Nstchl hn onknss`hchn à9 ‚Klos`hnrc-sn nm Nstchl hn onknss`hchn qunm prct`kc l ectl pcrc scjvcr hn pnr`gl ctucj, qun oël prlvlklu plr suc vlotchn, onm plh`c hn lutrl mlhl nv`tcr, h`rn`tl prûpr`l lu cjfn`l, kuil sckr`eík`l, ocs k`rkuostäok k`rkuostäok`cs, `cs, oël nrc rczlãvnj nx`g`r-sn”. Oël plhn cjngcr nstchl hn onknss`hchn qunm t`ofc l hnvnr jngcj hn noernotcr l pnr`gl. Nmdlrc snic rczlãvnj nx`g`r-sn l sckr`eík`l hl h`rn`tl cmncçchl, c pnoc plhnrã snr rnhuz`hc hn um c hl`s tnrçls. Jngít`mc hnensc à9 ‚Notnohn-sn nm jngít`mc hnensc qunm, uscohl mlhnrchcmnotn hls mn`ls onknssãr`ls, rnpnjn `oiustc cgrnssël, ctucj lu `m`onotn, c h`rn`tl snu lu hn lutrnm” (à tcmdàm klofnk`hc klml jngít`mc hnensc rncj). Mu`tl `mplrtcotn9 ldsnrvchls ls rnqu`s`tls ck`mc, tcmdàm sn klos`hnrc nm jngít`mc hnensc l cgnotn hn sngurcoçc pùdj`kc qun rnpnjn cgrnssël lu r`skl hn cgrnssël c vít`mc mcot`hc rneàm hurcotn c prãt`kc hn kr`mn. Jnmdrn-sn hl kcsl hl ‚so`pnr”, ol TI.

Ctnoçël9 c iust`e`kct`vc pcrc um QTE qun mctc umc pnsslc nm snrv`çl, ldnhnknohl cls rnqu`s`tls jngc`s, à jngít`mc hnensc (oël fã nstr`tl kumpr`mnotl hl hnvnr jngcj hn mctcr lu nxnrkík`l rngujcr hn h`rn`tl). Jngít`mc hnensc putct`vc9 Xrctc-sn hn umc f`pûtnsn qun `mcg`oãr`c. À cqunjc qun l cgnotn, plr nrrl, ckrnh`tc nx`st`r umc cgrnssël `oiustc, ctucj lu `m`onotn, c h`rn`tl snu lu hn lutrnm. Nx9 C el` iurchl hn mlrtn plr D. Nm hntnrm`ochc ol`tn, nm umc ruc nskurc, noklotrcm-sn. D kljlkc c mël ol dljsl, n C, ckrnh`tcohl qun njn `r`c pngcr umc crmc, mctc-l. Qlstnr`lrmnotn, hnskldrn-sn qun D `r`c jfn lenrnknr umc Dídj`c, pl`s fcv`c sn klovnrt`hl.  C jngít`mc hnensc putct`vc oël nxkju` c `j`k`tuhn hc klohutc, mcs plhn `snotcr hn pnoc, sn l nrrl elr `onv`tãvnj. [n elr nv`tãvnj, plhn rnsplohnr plr kr`mn kujplsl. Jngít`mc hnensc suknss`vc9 fcvnohl nxknssl, pnrm`tn-sn c hnensc jngít`mc hl cgrnsslr `o`k`cj. L cgrnsslr `o`k`cj, klotrc l qucj sn rncj`zc c jngít`mc hnensc, tnm l h`rn`tl hn hnenohnr-sn hl nxknssl, umc vnz qun l cgrnh`hl, pnjl nxknssl, trcoselrmc-sn nm cgrnsslr `oiustl. Lklrrn umc trlkc hn pcpnj notrn cgrnsslr n cgrnh`hl, nm rczël hl nxknssl hn hnensc hc vít`mc `o`k`cj. Nstr`tl kumpr`mnotl hn hnvnr jngcj9 tlhc ldr`gcçël qun elr nxtrcíhc h`rntc lu `oh`rntcmnotnn hn JN@. Qlhnm cg`r nm nstr`tl ku `oh`rntcmnot kumpr`mnotl mpr`mnotl hn h hnvnr nvnr jngcj ls QTE‐s, plr nxnmpjl, cl nentucrnm umc pr`sël hn cjguàm klm mcohchl hn pr`sël nxpnh`hl pnjl iu`z klmpntnotn. Nxnrkík`l rngujcr hl h`rn`tl9 sël cqunjcs s`tucçþns rnjck`lochcs á pnsslc klmum, nm qun nsscs nxnrknm tlhls ls snus h`rn`tls qun c jn` ercoqun`c.

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Kujpc klosk`notn x kujpc `oklosk`notn x hljl h ljl nvnotucj9 Oc kujpc klosk`notn, l cgnotn prnvé l rnsujtchl, mcs ckrnh`tc qun njn oël `rã lklrrnr (jnmdrn-sn hl ct`rchlr hn eckcs). Oc kujpc `oklosk`notn, l cgnotn oël prnvé l rnsujtchl, mcs njn lklrrn plr `mpruhéok`c, `mpruhéok `c, ongj`géok`c lu `mpnrík`c. Ol hljl nvnotucj, l cgnotn prnvé c plss`d`j`hchn hn lklrréok`c hl rnsujtchl, mcs plukl sn `mplrtc sn vc` lklrrnr lu oël. Kr`mn klosumchl x kr`mn tnotchl9 Klosumchl9 qucohl onjn sn rnùonm tlhls ls njnmnotls hn suc hne`o`çël jngcj. Xnotchl9 qucohl, `o`k`chc c nxnkuçël, oël sn klosumc plr k`rkuostäok`cs cjfn`cs á vlotchn hl cgnotn. L olssl Kûh`gl chltlu, klml rngrc, c tnlr`c LDINX@UC, puo`ohl-sn c tnotct`vc klm c mnsmc pnoc hl kr`mn klosumchl, rnhuz`hc hn 3/; c 4/;. Hns`stéok`c vljuotãr`c n crrnpnoh`mnotl ne`kcz9 l cgnotn qun, vljuotcr`cmnotn, hns`stn hn prlssngu`r oc nxnkuçël (hns`stéok`c vljuotãr`c) lu `mpnhn qun l rnsujtchl sn prlhuzc, sû rnsplohn pnjls ctls iã prct`kchls (crrnpnoh`mnotl ne`kcz). Onssns kcsls, oël rnsplohn pnjc tnotct`vc, mcs pnjl qun prct`klu. Crrnpnoh`mnotl Crrnpnoh`mnot l plstnr`lr9 ols kr`mns klmnt`hls snm v`ljéok`c lu grcvn cmncçc á pnsslc, rnpcrchl l hcol lu rnst`tuíhc c kl`sc, ctà l rnknd`mnotl rnknd`mnotl hc hnoùok`c lu hc qun`xc, plr ctl vljuotãr`l hl cgnotn, c pnoc snrã rnhuz`hc hn um c hl`s tnrçls. Kr`mn `mplssívnj9 L kr`mn à h`tl `mplssívnj qucohl oël fã, nm rczël hc `one`kãk`c hl mn`l nmprngchl, v`ljcçël, tcmplukl pnr`gl hn v`ljcçël, hl dnm iuríh`kl tutnjchl pnjl t`pl pnocj (notnoh`mnotl hl KN[QN). L qun h`z l KQ9 ‚ Crt. 37 - Oël sn puon c tnotct`vc qucohl, plr `one`kãk`c cdsljutc cdsljutc hl mn`l lu plr cdsljutc c dsljutc `mprlpr`nhchn hl ldintl, à `mplssívnj klosumcr-sn l kr`mn” kr`mn”.

Nxnmpjl hn `one`kãk`c cdsljutc hl mn`l9 tnotcr mctcr plr mn`l hn h`spcrl hn crmc hn elgl ut`j`zcohl umc crmc hn dr`oqunhl (plr hnsklofnk`mnotl hnsklofnk`mnotl). ). Nxnmpjl hn cdsljutc `mprlpr`nhchn hl ldintl9 tnotcr mctcr umc pnsslc qun iã nstã mlrtc. Lm`ssël9 Lm`ssël prûpr`c9 c lm`ssël vnm hnskr`tc oc prûpr`c jn`. Oël chm`tn tnotct`vc. Nxnmpjl9 lm`ssël hn slklrrl (crt. 3;> hl KQ). KQ) . Lm`ssël `mprûpr`c9 l cgnotn tnm l hnvnr hn cg`r pcrc nv`tcr l rnsujtchl. Oël l ecznohl, rnsplohnrã pnjc suc lm`ssël (crt. 3;, pcrãgrcel snguohl, hl KQ). L hnvnr hn cg`r chvàm hcs sngu`otns s`tucçþns9 s`tucçþns9 Sucohl tnofc plr jn` c ldr`gcçël hn ku`hchl, prltnçël lu v`g`jäok`c2 Sucohl, hn lutrcs elrmcs, cssum`u c rnsploscd`j`hchn hn `mpnh`r l rnsujtchl (gcrcot`hlr ‛ nxnmpjl9 noenrmn`rc)2 Sucohl, klm snu klmplrtcmnotl cotnr`lr, kr`lu l r`skl hc lklrréok`c hl rnsujtchl.

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8. 8.   KT@MN[ KLOXTC C QN[[LC @ohuz`mnotl, `ost`gcçël lu cuxíj`l c su`kíh`l lu c cutlmut`jcçël (crt. 344)9 X`pl pnocj9 `ohuz`r lu `ost`gcr cjguàm c su`k`hcr-sn lu c prct`kcr cutlmut`jcçël lu prnstcr-jfn cuxíj`l mctnr`cj pcrc qun l ecçc. C pnoc à hupj`kchc ols sngu`otns kcsls9 sn l kr`mn à prct`kchl plr mlt`vl nglíst`kl, tlrpn lu eùt`j2 sn c vít`mc à mnolr lu tnm h`m`ouíhc, plr qucjqunr kcusc, c kcpck`hchn hn rns`stéok`c. C pnoc à cumnotchc ctà l hldrl sn c klohutc à rncj`zchc plr mn`l hc rnhn hn rncj. klmputchlrns, hn rnhn slk`cj lu trcosm`t`hc nm tnmpl rncj. Cumnotc-sn c pnoc nm mntchn sn l cgnotn à jíhnr lu kllrhnochlr hn grupl lu hn rnhn v`rtucj.  v`rtucj.  [n l kr`mn elr klmnt`hl klotrc mnolr hn 38 (quctlrzn) cols lu klotrc qunm, plr noenrm`hchn lu hne`k`éok`c mnotcj, oël tnm l onknssãr`l h`sknro`mnotl pcrc c prãt`kc hl ctl, lu qun, plr qucjqunr lutrc kcusc, oël plhn lenrnknr rns`stéok`c, n rnsujtc jnsël klrplrcj hn octurnzc grcvíss`mc, l cgnotn l cgnotn `rã rnsplohnr klml sn c vít`mc t`vnssn mlrr`hl (lpçël mlrr`hl (lpçël hc jn` hn cgrcvcr c pnocj`hchn prltngnohl mc`s cls vujonrãvn`s). [n l kr`mn elr klmnt`hl klotrc mnolr hn 38 (quctlrzn) cols lu klotrc qunm, plr noenrm`hchn lu hne`k`éok`c mnotcj, oël tnm l onknssãr`l h`sknro`mnotl pcrc c prãt`kc hl ctl, lu qun, plr qucjqunr lutrc kcusc, oël plhn lenrnknr rns`stéok`c, n flm`kíh`l.. rnsujtc mlrtn, l cgnotn `rã rnsplohnr klml sn t`vnssn prct`kchl flm`kíh`l Enm`o`kíh`l (qucj`e`kchlrc hl flm`kíh`l  ‛ mc`lr grcv`hchn hc pnoc)9 À kr`mn c prãt`kc hn flm`kíh`l klotrc mujfnr plr rczþns hn suc kloh`çël hn snxl enm`o`ol. À onknssãr`l qun novljvc9 v`ljéok`c hlmàst`kc n ecm`j`cr  ecm`j`cr  lu ectl mlt`vchl plr mnolsprnzl lu h`skr`m`ocçël á kloh`çël hn mujfnr mujfnr.. Flm`kíh`l klotrc cutlr`hchns (qucj`e`kchlrc hl flm`kíh`l ‛ mc`lr grcv`hchn hc pnoc)9 À kr`mn c prãt`kc hn flm`kíh`l klotrc cutlr`hchn lu cgnotn hcs elrçcs crmchcs, hcs pljík`cs, hls dlmdn`rls m`j`tcrns, hls hl s`stnmc pr`s`locj n hc Elrçc Ock`locj hn [ngurcoçc Qùdj`kc, ol nxnrkík`l hc euoçël lu nm hnklrréok`c hnjc, lu klotrc snu køoiugn, klmpcofn`rl lu pcrnotn kloscoguíonl ctà tnrkn`rl grcu, nm rczël hnssc kloh`çël.

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>. >.   KT@MN[ KLOXTC L QCXT@MØO@L Tludl (crt. 3>7)9 5.  X`pl pnocj9 sudtrc`r kl`sc mûvnj cjfn`c, pcrc s` lu pcrc lutrnm, mnh`cotn grcvn cmncçc lu v`ljéok`c c pnsslc, lu hnpl`s hn fcvé-jc, plr qucjqunr mn`l, rnhuz`hl á `mplss`d`j`hchn hn rns`stéok`c. 7.  @mplrtcotn scdnr9 sn c v`ljéok`c lu cmncçc à nxnrk`hc klm nmprngl hn crmc hn elgl, c pnoc cumnotc-sn hn hl`s tnrçls. [nguohl c iur`spruhéok`c, oël à onknssãr`l qun c crmc snic cprnnoh`hc n pnr`k`chc, hnshn qun l snu usl ol rludl snic prlvchl plr lutrls mn`ls hn prlvc, tc`s klml c pcjcvrc hc vít`mc n tnstnmuofcs. Nxtlrsël (crt. 3>6)9 X`pl pnocj9 klostrcognr cjguàm, mnh`cotn v`ljéok`c lu grcvn cmncçc, n klm l `otu`tl hn ldtnr pcrc s` lu pcrc lutrnm `ohnv`hc vcotcgnm nkloøm`kc, c ecznr, tljnrcr qun sn ecçc lu hn`xcr hn ecznr cjgumc kl`sc. Ol kr`mn hn rludl n ol kr`mn hn nxtlrsël, l cgnotn plhn-sn ut`j`zcr hls mnsmls mlhls hn nxnkuçël, klos`stnotns oc v`ljéok`c lu grcvn cmncçc. C h`enrnoçc euohcmnotcjj nx`stnotn notrn ls hl`s hnj`tls klos`stn nm qun, ol kr`mn hn nxtlrsël, euohcmnotc prntnohn-sn um klmplrtcmnotl hc vít`mc, rnstcohl um mío`ml hn j`dnrhchn hn nskljfc, noqucotl, noqucotl, ol kr`mn hn rludl, l klmplrtcmnotl oël à nssnok`cj. Nxnmpjl9 l cgnotn, nmprngcohl umc crmc hn elgl, klostrcognohl c vít`mc c nentucr umc trcosenréok`c hn h`ofn`rl pcrc c suc klotc h`g`tcohl c snofc ol kc`xc njntrøo`kl.   njntrøo`kl. Nstnj`loctl (crt. 373)9 X`pl pnocj9 ldtnr, pcrc s` lu pcrc lutrnm, vcotcgnm `jík`tc, nm prniuízl cjfn`l, `ohuz`ohl lu mcotnohl cjguàm nm nrrl, mnh`cotn crt`eík`l, crh`j, lu qucjqunr lutrl mn`l ercuhujnotl. L kr`mn oël hnpnohn hn rnprnsnotcçël ols kcsls nm qun c vít`mc elr9 Chm`o`strcçël Qùdj`kc, h`rntc lu `oh`rntc2 Kr`coçc lu chljnsknotn chljnsknotn22 Qnsslc klm hne`k`éok`c mnotcj2 mnotcj2   Mc`lr hn 71 (sntnotc) cols hn `hchn lu `okcpcz. Cpj`kc-sn c pnoc nm hldrl sn l kr`mn à klmnt`hl klotrc `hlsl.

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5.  5.  KT@MN[ KLOXTC C EÀ QÙDJ@KC

Oël sn cpj`kc l pr`okíp`l hc `os`go`e`käok`c cls kr`mns klotrc c eà pùdj`kc.  Mlnhc ecjsc (pr`ok`pc`s cspnktls)9 Tnsplohn pnjl kr`mn (pnoc hn rnkjusël) hn mlnhc ecjsc qunm ecjs`e`kcr, ecdr`kcohlc lu cjtnrcohl-c, mlnhc mntãj`kc lu pcpnj-mlnhc hn kursl jngcj ol pcís lu ol nstrcogn`rl. Ocs mnsmcs pnocs `oklrrn qunm9 plr klotc prûpr`c lu cjfn`c, `mplrtc lu nxplrtc, chqu`rn, vnohn, trlkc, knhn, nmprnstc, gucrhc lu `otrlhuz oc k`rkujcçël mlnhc ecjsc. @mplrtcotn9 qunm, tnohl rnknd`hl hn dlc-eà, klml vnrhchn`rc, mlnhc ecjsc lu cjtnrchc, c rnst`tu` á k`rkujcçël, hnpl`s hn klofnknr c ecjs`hchn, à puo`hl klm hntnoçël. Ecjs`hchns (pr`ok`pc`s cspnktls)9 Kcrcktnr`zc l kr`mn hc ecjs`hchn `hnljûg`kc lm`t`r qun nstã nmprngchl cl prnnokfnr kchcstrl pùdj`kl pcrc ldtnoçël hn dnoneík`l slk`cj. L kr`mn hn lm`t`r hnkjcrcçël nm hlkumnotl (pùdj`kl lu pcrt`kujcr) qun hnjn hnv`c klostcr, kloe`gurc l kr`mn hn ecjs`hchn `hnljûg`kc sn klm l e`m hn prniuh`kcr h`rn`tl, kr`cr ldr`gcçël lu cjtnrcr c vnrhchn sldrn ectl iur`h`kcmnot iur`h`kcmnotnn rnjnvcotn. Cs klohutcs hc ecjs`hchn `hnljûg`kc sël9 lm`t`r, `osnr`r `osnr `r n ecznr `osnr`r. ^t`j`zcr c KOF hl `rmël pcrc h`r`g`r oël klmntn l kr`mn hn ecjs`hchn `hnljûg`kc, mcs hn ecjsc `hnot`hchn. Xrlkcr c eltl hl hlkumnotl hn `hnot`e`kcçë `hnot`e`kcçël l plr lutrc, prûpr`c, mc`s rnknotn9 oël à kr`mn, mcs ectl ctíp`kl. Oc KOF, cjtnrcr plr klotc prûpr`c l olmn qun jã klostc9 à kr`mn hn ecjs`e`kcçël hn hlkumnotl pùdj`kl. Ecjs`e`kcçël hn hlkumnotl pùdj`kl9 ‚e cjs`e`kcr, cjs`e`kcr, ol tlhl lu nm pcrtn, hlkumnotl pùdj`kl, lu cjtnrcr hlkumnotl pùdj`kl vnrhchn`rl”.  Ocs mnsmcs pnocs `oklrrn qunm `osnrn lu ecz `osnr`r9  @  ‛  oc eljfc hn pcgcmnotl lu nm hlkumnotl hn `oelrmcçþns qun snic hnst`ochl c ecznr prlvc pnrcotn c prnv`héok`c slk`cj, pnsslc qun oël plssuc c qucj`hchn hn sngurchl ldr`gctûr`l2  ‛ @@   oc Kcrtn`rc Xrcdcjfl n Qrnv`héok`c [lk`cj hl nmprngchl lu nm hlkumnotl qunhnhnvc prlhuz`r nen`tl pnrcotn c prnv`héok`c slk`cj, hnkjcrcçël ecjsc lu h`vnrsc hc qun hnvnr`c tnr s`hl nskr`tc2 @@@  ‛ nm hlkumnotl klotãd`j lu nm qucjqunr lutrl hlkumnotl rnjck`lochl klm cs ldr`gcçþns hc nmprnsc pnrcotn c prnv`héok`c slk`cj, hnkjcrcçël ecjsc lu h`vnrsc hc qun hnvnr`c tnr klostchl. ** Nssn cssuotl el` cdlrhchl nm prlvc hl KNDTC[QN pcrc cgnotn hc QKHE, nm prlvc hn 413;. C ce`rmct`vc c sngu`r el` klos`hnrchc NTTCHC9 ‚ L nmprnsãr`l qun `osnr`r oc kcrtn`rc hn trcdcjfl n prnv`héok`c slk`cj hn snu nmprngchl hnkjcrcçël h`vnrsc hc qun hnvnr`c tnr nskr`tl klmntnrã l kr`mn hn ecjs`hchn `hnljûg`kc”.

Chujtnrcçël hn s`ocj `hnot`e`kchlr hl vníkujl cutlmltlr9 Xrctc-sn hn kr`mn klmdct`hl pnjc QTE (vlké tnrã cujcs nspnkíe`kcs klotrc ercuhn vn`kujcr ol kursl hn elrmcçël). L kr`mn klos`stn nm chujtnrcr lu rnmcrkcr oùmnrl hn kfcss` lu qucjqunr s`ocj `hnot`e`kchlrr hl vníkujl cutlmltlr, hn snu klmplonotn lu nqu`pcmnotl. `hnot`e`kchl

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C pnoc à cumnotchc nm 3/; sn l kr`mn elr klmnt`hl plr snrv`hlr ol nxnrkík`l hc euoçël pùdj`kc lu nm rczël. @oklrrn ocs mnsmcs pnocs l euok`loãr`l pùdj`kl qun klotr`du` pcrc l j`knok`cmnotl lu rng`strl hl vníkujl rnmcrkchl lu chujtnrchl, elronknohl `ohnv`hcmnotn mctnr`cj lu `oelrmcçël le`k`cj. [nguohl l [XI, kljlkcr e`tc chns`vc pcrc cjtnrcr c pjckc hl vníkujl, à kr`mn noquchrchl onstn hnj`tl.

7.  7.  KT@MN[ KLOXTC C CHM@O@L[XTCÇËL QÙDJ@KC Qnkujctl (crt. ;34)9 X`pl pnocj9 cprlpr`cr-sn l euok`loãr`l pùdj`kl hn h`ofn`rl, vcjlr lu qucjqunr lutrl dnm mûvnj, pùdj`kl lu pcrt`kujcr, hn qun tnm c plssn nm rczël hl kcrgl, lu hnsv`ãjl, nm prlvn`tl prûpr`l lu cjfn`l. Cpj`kc-sn c mnsmc pnoc, sn l euok`loãr`l pùdj`kl, nmdlrc oël tnohl c plssn hl h`ofn`rl, vcjlr lu dnm, l sudtrc`, lu kloklrrn pcrc qun snic sudtrcíhl, nm prlvn`tl prûpr`l lu cjfn`l, vcjnohl-sn hn eck`j`hchn qun jfn prlplrk`loc c qucj`hchn hn euok`loãr`l. Qnkujctl kujplsl9 lklrrn qucohl euok`loãr`l kloklrrn kujplscmnotn pcrc l kr`mn hn lutrnm. Ol pnkujctl kujplsl, c rnpcrcçël hl hcol, sn prnknhn á snotnoçc `rrnklrrívnj, nxt`ogun c puo`d`j`hchn2 sn jfn à plstnr`lr, rnhuz hn mntchn c pnoc `mplstc. Klokussël (crt. ;35)9 X`pl pnocj9 nx`g`r, pcrc s` lu pcrc lutrnm, h`rntc lu `oh`rntcmnotn, c`ohc qun elrc hc euoçël lu cotns hn cssum`-jc, mcs nm rczël hnjc, vcotcgnm `ohnv`hc. Chvlkck`c chm`o`strct`vc (crt. ;43)9 X`pl Qnocj9 pctrlk`ocr, h`rntc lu `oh`rntcmnotn, `otnrnssn pr`vchl pnrcotn c chm`o`strcçël chm`o`strcç ël pùdj`kc, vcjnohl-sn hc qucj`hchn hn euok`loãr`l. [n l `otnrnssn à `jngít`ml, c pnoc à mc`lr. C`ohc qun l `otnrnssn snic jngít`ml, fã kr`mn2 c`ohc qun usn umc pnsslc `otnrplstc pcrc rncj`zcr c chvlkck`c, fã kr`mn. Unic klml l KN[QN iã kldrlu (cssnrt`vc klrrntc)9 Euok`loãr`l pùdj`kl qun ut`j`zcr l kcrgl pcrc nxnrknr hnensc hn `otnrnssn pr`vchl jík`tl n cjfn`l pnrcotn c chm`o`strcçël chm`o`strcç ël pùdj`kc, c`ohc qun sn vcjnohl hn pnsslc `otnrplstc, klmntnrã klmntnrã l kr`mn hn chvlkck`c chm`o`strct`vc. Klrrupçël (crt. ;;; n ;37)9 C klrrupçël ct`vc à kr`mn klmum (pcrt`kujcr klotrc c chm`o`strcçël), plhnohl qucjqunr pnsslc prct`kcr. Klrrupçël pcss`vc à kr`mn prûpr`l, prct`kchl plr euok`loãr`l pùdj`kl (nm snot`hl cmpjl), klotrc c chm`o`strcçël. Klrrupçël pcss`vc9

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[lj`k`tcr lu rnkndnr, pcrc s` lu pcrc lutrnm, h`rntc lu `oh`rntcmnotn, c`ohc qun elrc hc euoçël lu cotns hn cssum`-jc, mcs nm rczël hnjc, vcotcgnm `ohnv`hc, lu ckn`tcr prlmnssc hn tcj vcotcgnm9 v cotcgnm9 Qnoc ‛ rnkjusël, hn 4 (hl`s) c 34 (hlzn) cols, n mujtc. C pnoc à cumnotchc hn um tnrçl, sn, nm klosnquéok`c hc vcotcgnm lu prlmnssc, l euok`loãr`l rntcrhc lu hn`xc hn prct`kcr qucjqunr ctl hn leík`l lu l prct`kc `oer`og`ohl hnvnr euok`locj. [n l euok`loãr`l prct`kc, hn`xc hn prct`kcr lu rntcrhc ctl hn leík`l, klm `oercçël hn hnvnr euok`locj, knhnohl c pnh`hl lu `oejuéok`c hn lutrnm9 Qnoc - hntnoçël, hn trés mnsns c um col, lu mujtc. Klrrupçël ct`vc9 Lenrnknr lu prlmntnr vcotcgnm `ohnv`hc c euok`loãr`l pùdj`kl, pcrc hntnrm`oã-jl c prct`kcr, lm`t`r lu rntcrhcr ctl hn leík`l9 le ík`l9 Qnoc ‛ rnkjusël, hn 4 (hl`s) c 34 (hlzn) cols, n mujtc. C pnoc à cumnotchc hn um tnrçl, sn, nm rczël hc vcotcgnm lu prlmnssc, l euok`loãr`l rntcrhc lu lm`tn ctl hn leík`l, lu l prct`kc `oer`og`ohl hnvnr euok`locj.

Qrnvcr`kcçël (crt. ;30)9 Ectl típ`kl9 rntcrhcr lu hn`xcr hn prct`kcr, `ohnv`hcmnotn, ctl hn leík`l, lu prct`kãjl klotrc h`spls`çël nxprnssc hn jn`, pcrc sct`secznr `otnrnssn lu snot`mnotl pnsslcj. Klohnsknohéok`c kr`m`olsc (crt. ;41)9 Ectl típ`kl9 hn`xcr l euok`loãr`l, plr `ohujgéok`c, hn rnsploscd`j`zcr sudlrh`ochl qun klmntnu `oercçël ol nxnrkík`l hl kcrgl lu, qucohl jfn ecjtn klmpntéok klmpntéok`c, `c, oël jnvcr l ectl cl klofnk`m klofnk`mnotl notl hc cutlr`hchn klmpntnotn.

8. H@TN@XL H@TN@XL QTLKN[[^CJ QNOCJ  QNOCJ  H`spls`çþns prnj`m`ocrns9 C jn` prlknssucj pnocj cpj`kcr-sn-ã hnshn jlgl (pcrc prniuízl lu dnoneík`l hl ràu `oh`enrnotn), snm prniuízl hc vcj`hchn hls ctls rncj`zchls sld c v`géok`c hc jn` cotnr`lr.   cotnr`lr. C jn` prlknssucj pnocj chm`t`rã `otnrprntcçël nxtnos`vc n cpj`kcçël cocjûg`kc, dnm klml l supjnmnotl hls pr`okíp`ls gnrc`s hn h`rn`tl. h`rn`tl.   @oquàr`tl plj`k`cj9 @oquàr`tl plj`k`cj à um prlknh`mno prlknh`mnotl tl chm`o`strct`vl `oelrmct`vl, hnst`ochl c cpurcr c nx`stéok`c hn `oercçël pnocj n suc cutlr`c, c e`m hn qun l t`tujcr hc cçël pnocj h`splofc hn njnmnotls sue`k`notns pcrc prlmlvé-jc. L vcjlr prldctûr`l hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj, klml rngrc, à klos`hnrchl rnjct`vl rnjct`vl,, notrntcotl, ochc ldstc qun l iu`z cdsljvc l ràu plr hnk`sël euohcmnotchc nxkjus`vcmnotnn nm njnmnotls `oelrmct`vls kljf`hls oc `ovnst`gcçël. nxkjus`vcmnot

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Qrczls9   KQQ9 31 h`cs prnsl - ;1 h`cs sljtl (l prczl hn ;1 h`cs plhn snr prlrrlgchl). l  Iust`çc Enhnrcj9 3> h`cs prnsl - ;1 h`cs sljtl (cmdls plhnm snr prlrrlgchls l

3x) l  Jn` hn hrlgcs9 ;1 h`cs prnsl - 01 h`cs sljtl (cmdls prczls plhnm snr hupj`kchls) Xnm octurnzc chm`o`strct`vc chm`o`strct`vc n à `oqu`s`t`vl (snm klotrch`tûr`l n cmpjc hnensc). H@[QNO[ÃUNJ.. L `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj à mnrcmnotn `oelrmct`vl, plhnohl snr H@[QNO[ÃUNJ Kcrcktnríst`kcs9 l  @oqu`s`t`vl9 ol ämd`tl hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj, kuic octurnzc à `oqu`s`t`vc, oël sn ecz onknssãr`c c cpj`kcçël pjnoc hl pr`okíp`l hl klotrch`tûr`l, kloelrmn c  iur`spruhéok`c hlm`ocotn. hlm`ocotn. l  Ldr`gctlr`nhchn9 sn c pljík`c t`vnr k`éok`c hn cjgum kr`mn, njc à ldr`gchc c `ostcurcr um @Q2 l  Nskr`tl9 L @Q hnvn snr nskr`tl n css`ochl pnjc cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj2 l  H`skr`k`locr`nhchn  H`skr`k`locr`nhchn  oc klohuçël9 `ovnst`gcçël plhn snr klohuz`hc hc mcon`rc qun cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj notnohnr mc`s erutíenrc. Ctnoçël9 l `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj à h`skr`k`loãr`l n ldr`gctûr`l.   [`g`jlsl9 L iu`z n l MQ plhnm tnr cknssl cls cutls hl `oquàr`tl, mcs c hnensc

l

hl ckuschl n l ckuschl sû tnrël cknssl áqu`jl qun iã nstnic hlkumnotchl ols cutls hl `oquàr`tl, pl`s cqu`jl qun c`ohc nst`vnr nm h`j`géok`cs njn oël tnrã cknssl. l  @oh`splo`d`j`hchn9 l `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj oël plhn snr crqu`vchl pnjl Hnjngchl. Qcrc l [XE n [XI9 c `ostcurcçël hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj dcsnchc tël slmnotn nm hnoùok`c coøo`mc (cpûkr`ec) oël à plssívnj, mcs à plssívnj qun c cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj ecçc h`j`géok`cs n, c pcrt`r hnjcs, kcsl noklotrn cjgum njnmnotl qun iust`e`qun, plhnrã `ostcurcr l `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj. [ùmujc U`okujcotn o. 389 À h`rn`tl hl hnenoslr, ol `otnrnssn hl rnprnsnotchl, tnr cknssl cmpjl cls njnmnotls hn prlvc qun, iã hlkumnotchls nm prlknh`mnotl `ovnst`gctûr`l rncj`zchl plr ûrgël klm klmpntéok`c hn pljík`c iuh`k`ãr`c, h`gcm rnspn`tl cl nxnrkík`l hl h`rn`tl hn hnensc. Nmdlrc h`spnosãvnj, sn l `oquàr`tl snrv`r hn dcsn pcrc c hnoùok`c, hnvnrã cklmpcofcr c `o`k`cj hc cçël pnocj. Nm kcsl hn Cutl hn Qr`s ël nm Ejcgrcotn, kloelrmn notnoh`mnotl hc hlutr`oc, c ctr`du`çël à hc cutlr`hchn hl jugcr nm qun lklrrnu c pr`sël (crts. 401 n ;16 KQQ), n ls ctls sngu`otns snrël prct`kchls pnjc cutlr`hchn hl jlkcj nm qun l kr`mn sn klosumlu (Kcpnz, 4117). Olt`t`c Kr`m`o`s9 à qucohl c cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj tlmc klofnk`mnotl hn ectl kr`m`olsl, `ohnpnohnotnmnotn `ohnpnohnotnmnotn hl mn`l. l  h`rntc, `mnh`ctc, nsplotäonc lu `oqucj`e`kchc9 `oqucj`e`kchc9 c pljík`c tlmc klofnk`mnotl hc `oercçël nsplotconcmnotn (`oelrmcj). Njc e`kc scdnohl plr mn`l hn ct`v`hchns rlt`on`rcs. Nxnmpjl9 Oltík`cs hn ilrocj lu qucjqunr mn`l hn klmuo`kcçël lu c hnskldnrtc lkcs`locj hn um vnstíg`l hl kr`mn.  kr`mn.  

;;

 

 

qucj`e`kchc99 c cutlr`hchn à elrmcjmnotn   `oh`rntc, mnh`ctc, prlvlkchc lu qucj`e`kchc

l

klmuo`kchc hc `oercçël. Nxnmpjls9 Tnqunr`mnotl hc vít`mc lu Tnqu`s`çël hl MQ.  MQ.  l  ldr`gctûr`c lu klnrk`t`vc klnrk`t`vc99 pcrc ls kcsls hn ejcgrcotn hnj`tl.  hnj`tl.  Hnjct`l Kr`m`o`s Qlstujctûr`c à l mn`l pnjl qucj c vít`mc hn hnj`tl lu l snu rnprnsnotcotn jngcj mco`enstc suc vlotchn c rnspn`tl hc `ostcurcçël hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj n hl plstnr`lr lenrnk`mnotl hn hnoùok`c, ocs f`pûtnsns hn cçël pnocj pùdj`kc kloh`k`lochc. l  Tnkusc hc cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj á `ostcurcçël hl `oquàr`tl qucohl lenrnk`hl rnqunr`mnotl hl lenoh`hl9 kcdn rnkursl cl Kfnen hn Qljík`c, qun, ctucjmnotn, klos`hnrc-sn l Hnjngchl-Gnrcj hn Qljík`c, supnr`lr mãx`ml nxkjus`vl hc Qljík`c Iuh`k`ãr`c  Iuh`k`ãr`c   Nm kcsl hn ct`p`k`hchn hc klohutc, à plssívnj l trcokcmnotl hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj v`c fcdncs klrpus.  Qlr mn`l hn FK à plssívnj, cpnocs, l trcokcmnotl hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj n oël l snu crqu`vcmnotl.   crqu`vcmnotl. C cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj plhnrã sn rnkuscr c ctnohnr á rnqu`s`çël hn `ostcurcçël hn @Q oc f`pûtnsn hn lrhnm mco`enstcmnotn `jngcj. Mcs c cuséok`c hn hchl lu njnmnotl pcrc sn hcr cdnrturc hn @Q oël à mlt`vl pcrc c ongct`vc hn `ostcurcçël hnssn @Q plr pcrtn hl Hnjngchl h`cotn hn umc rnqu`s`çël hl Iu`z lu MQ.  MQ.   @oh`k`cmnotl hl `oquàr`tl9 L `oh`k`cmnotl hl suspn`tl hn prãt`kc hn kr`mn à ctl pr`vct`vl hl hnjngchl hn pljík`c, mnh`cotn ctl euohcmnotchl hl qucj klostcrël c coãj`sn tàko`kl-iuríh`kc hl ectl kr`m`olsl n sucs k`rkuostäok`cs n c `oh`kcçël hc mctnr`cj`hchn n hc cutlr`c. cutlr`c.   L `oh`k`cmnotl à chltchl oc ecsn `oqu`s`tlr`cj. L `oh`k`cmnotl cpûs l lenrnk`mnotl hc hnoùok`c à `jngcj n hnsonknssãr`l, `mplrtcohl klostrcog`mnotl klostrcog`mnotl `jngcj. ([XI FK 35>511 n FK 370.0>3-[Q). Ols ctnstchls hn cotnknhnotns qun jfn elrnm slj`k`tchls, c cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj oël plhnrã mnok`locr quc`squnr coltcçþns rnenrnotns c `ostcurcçël hn `oquàr`tl `o quàr`tl klotrc ls rnqunrnotns. Hnenoslr cls plj`k`c`s9 Ols kcsls nm qun snrv`hlrns v`okujchls ás `ost`tu`çþns h`splstcs ol crt. 388 hc Klost`tu`çël Enhnrcj e`gurcrnm klml `ovnst`gchls nm `oquàr`tls plj`k`c`s, `oquàr`tls plj`k`c`s m`j`tcrns n hnmc`s prlknh`mnotls nxtrciuh`k`c`s, kuil ldintl elr c `ovnst`gcçël hn ectls rnjck`lochls cl usl hc elrçc jntcj prct`kchls ol nxnrkík`l prle`ss`locj, hn elrmc klosumchc lu tnotchc, `okju`ohl cs s`tucçþns h`splstcs ol crt. 4; hl KQ (jngít`mc hnensc, nstchl hn onknss`hchn, nstr`tl kumpr`mnotl hl hnvnr jngcj n nxnrkík`l rngujcr hn h`rn`tl), l `oh`k`chl plhnrã klost`tu`r hnenoslr. L `ovnst`gchl hnvnrã snr k`tchl hc `ostcurcçël hl prlknh`mnotl `ovnst`gctûr`l, plhnohl klost`tu`r hnenoslr hnenoslr ol prczl hn ctà 86 (qucrnotc n l`tl) flrcs c klotcr hl rnknd`mnotl hc k`tcçël.  k`tcçël.   Qcsschl l prczl ck`mc klm cuséok`c hn olmncçël hn hnenoslr pnjl `ovnst`gchl, c cutlr`hchn rnsplosãvnj pnjc `ovnst`gcçël hnvnrã `ot`mcr c `ost`tu`çël c qun nstcvc

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v`okujchl l `ovnst`gchl á àplkc hc lklrréok`c hls ectls, pcrc qun nssc, ol prczl hn 86 (qucrnotc n l`tl) flrcs, `oh`qun hnenoslr pcrc c rnprnsnotcçël hl `ovnst`gchl. Crqu`vcmnotl hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj9 L crqu`vcmnotl `mpjík`tl à rnkfcçchl pnjc Iur`spruhéok`c hls Xr`duoc`s [upnr`lrns.  [upnr`lrns.   Lrhnochl crqu`vcmnotl hl l`oquàr`tl plj`k`cj luQùdj`kl hn quc`squnr njnmnotls `oelrmct`vlsl hc mnsmc octurnzc, ûrgël hl M`o`stàr`l klmuo`kcrã á vít`mc, cl `ovnst`gchl n á cutlr`hchn plj`k`cj n nokcm`ofcrã ls cutls pcrc c `ostäok`c hn rnv`sël m`o`stnr`cj pcrc e`os hn flmljlgcçël, oc elrmc hc jn`. [n c vít`mc, lu snu rnprnsnotcotn jngcj, oël kloklrhcr klm l crqu`vcmnotl hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj, plhnrã, ol prczl hn ;1 (tr`otc) h`cs hl rnknd`mnotl hc klmuo`kcçël, sudmntnr c mctàr`c á rnv`sël hc `ostäok`c klmpntnotn hl ûrgël m`o`stnr`cj, kloelrmn h`spusnr c rnspnkt`vc jn` lrgäo`kc. Ocs cçþns pnoc`s rnjct`vcs c kr`mns prct`kchls nm hntr`mnotl hc ^o`ël, Nstchls n Muo`kíp`ls, c rnv`sël hl crqu`vcmnotl hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj plhnrã snr prlvlkchc pnjc kfne`c hl ûrgël c qunm kludnr c suc rnprnsnotcçël iuh`k`cj. Oël snohl kcsl hn crqu`vcmnotl n tnohl l `ovnst`gchl kloensschl elrmcj n k`rkuostcok`cjmnotn c prãt`kc hn `oercçël pnocj snm v`ljéok`c lu grcvn cmncçc n klm pnoc mío`mc `oenr`lr c 8 (quctrl) cols, l M`o`stàr`l Qùdj`kl plhnrã prlplr cklrhl hn oël pnrsnkuçël pnocj, hnshn qun onknssãr`l n sue`k`notn pcrc rnprlvcçël n prnvnoçël hl kr`mn, mnh`cotn cs sngu`otns kloh`çþns ciustchcs kumujct`vc n cjtnroct`vcmnotn9 rnpcrcr l hcol lu rnst`tu`r c kl`sc á vít`mc, nxkntl oc `mplss`d`j`hchn hn eczé-jl2 rnouok`cr vljuotcr`cmnotn c dnos n h`rn`tls `oh`kchls pnjl M`o`stàr`l Qùdj`kl klml `ostrumnotls, prlhutl lu prlvn`tl hl kr`mn2 prnstcr snrv`çl á klmuo`hchn lu c not`hchns pùdj`kcs plr pnrílhl klrrnsplohnotn á pnoc mío`mc klm`ochc cl hnj`tl h`m`ouíhc hn um c hl`s tnrçls, nm jlkcj c snr `oh`kchl pnjl iuízl hc nxnkuçël, oc elrmc hl crt. 85 hl Hnkrntl-Jn` o¹ 4.686, hn 7 hn hnznmdrl hn 3081 (Kûh`gl Qnocj)2 pcgcr prnstcçël pnkuo`ãr`c, c snr nst`pujchc ols tnrmls hl crt. 8> hl Hnkrntl-Jn` o¹ 4.686, hn 7 hn hnznmdrl hn 3081 (Kûh`gl Qnocj), c not`hchn pùdj`kc lu hn `otnrnssn slk`cj, c snr `oh`kchc pnjl iuízl hc nxnkuçël, qun tnofc, prnenrnok`cjmnotn, klml euoçël prltngnr dnos iuríh`kls `guc`s lu snmnjfcotns cls cpcrnotnmnotn jnschls pnjl hnj`tl2 lu kumpr`r, plr prczl hntnrm`ochl, lutrc kloh`çël `oh`kchc pnjl M`o`stàr`l Qùdj`kl, hnshn qun prlplrk`locj n klmpctívnj klm c `oercçël pnocj `mputchc. L cklrhl hn oël pnrsnkuçël pnocj snrã elrmcj`zchl plr nskr`tl n snrã e`rmchl pnjl mnmdrl hl M`o`stàr`l Qùdj`kl, pnjl `ovnst`gchl n plr snu hnenoslr. Qcrc c flmljlgcçël hl cklrhl hn oël pnrsnkuçël pnocj, snrã rncj`zchc cuh`éok`c oc qucj l iu`z hnvnrã vnr`e`kcr c suc vljuotcr`nhchn, plr mn`l hc l`t`vc hl `ovnst`gchl oc prnsnoçc hl snu hnenoslr, n suc jngcj`hchn. [n l @Q elr crqu`vchl pnjl iu`z, c rnqunr`mnotl hl prlmltlr hn iust`çc, sld l crgumnotl hn qun l ectl à ctíp`kl, c hnk`sël qun hntnrm`ocr l crqu`vcmnotl hl @Q

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`mpnh`rã c `ostcurcçël hn prlknssl pnocj pnjl mnsml ectl, c`ohc qun tnofc s`hl tlmchc plr iu`z cdsljutcmnotn `oklmpntnotn. `oklmpntnotn.  Ctnoçël! Cpûs l crqu`vcmnotl, oël plhnrã snr rncdnrtc c `ovnst`gcçël qucohl fluvnr9   Crqu`vcmnotl plr ct`p`k`hchn hl ectl, mnsml sn l iu`z elr `oklmpntnotn2 l  Crqu`vcmnotl nm rczël hn nxkjusël hn `j`k`tuhn lu kujpcd`j`hc kujpcd`j`hchn2 hn2 l  Crqu`vcmnotl plr nxt`oçël hn puo`d`j`hchn2

l

Lds9 sn l rnklofnk`m rnklofnk`mnotl notl hc nxt`oçël hn puo`d`j`hchn sn hnu pnjc mlrtn hl cgnotn, mnh`cotn rnprnsnotcçël hn knrt`hël hn ûd`tl ecjsc (l cgnotn oël nstcvc mlrtl) à plssívnj rncdr`r cs `ovnst`gcçþns.

Klokjusël hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj9 L `oquàr`tl hnvnrã tnrm`ocr ol prczl hn 31 h`cs, sn l `oh`k`chl t`vnr s`hl prnsl nm ejcgrcotn, lu nst`vnr prnsl prnvnot`vcmnotn, klotchl l prczl, onstc f`pûtnsn, c pcrt`r hl h`c nm qun sn nxnkutcr c lrhnm hn pr`sël, lu ol prczl hn ;1 h`cs, qucohl nst`vnr sljtl, mnh`cotn e`coçc lu snm njc. C cutlr`hchn ecrã m`ouk`lsl rnjctûr`l hl qun t`vnr s`hl cpurchl n nov`crã cutls cl  iu`z klmpntnotn. klmpntnotn. Ol rnjctûr`l plhnrã c cutlr`hchn `oh`kcr tnstnmuofcs qun oël t`vnrnm s`hl `oqu`r`hcs, mnok`locohl mnok`locohl l jjugcr ugcr lohn plsscm snr noklotrchcs. C klokjusël hl `oquàr`tl plj`k`cj à prnknh`hc hn rnjctûr`l e`ocj, ol qucj à hnskr`tl tlhl l prlknh`mnotl chltchl ol kursl hc `ovnst`gcçël pcrc nskjcrnknr c cutlr`c n c mctnr`cj`hchn. C cuséok`c hnssn rnjctûr`l n hn `oh`k`cmnotl elrmcj hl `ovnst`gchl oël rnsujtc nm prniuízls pcrc pnrsnkuçël pnocj, oël plhnohl l iu`z lu ûrgël hl M`o`stàr`l Qùdj`kl hntnrm`ocr l rntlrol hc `ovnst`gcçël á cutlr`hchn pcrc klokrnt`zã-jls, klokrnt`zã-jl s, iã qun klost`tu` mnrc `rrngujcr`hchn euok`locj c snr cpurchc oc nsenrc h`sk`pj`ocr. Sucohl l ectl elr hn h`eík`j njuk`hcçël, n l `oh`k`chl nst`vnr sljtl, c cutlr`hchn plhnrã rnqunrnr cl iu`z c hnvljuçël hls cutls, pcrc ujtnr`lrns h`j`géok`cs, qun snrël rncj`zchcs ol prczl mcrkchl pnjl iu`z. Lds.9 nstã h`sk`pj`oc snrã ctucj`zchc oc vnrsël 4.1, klm cjguos `okrnmnotls.

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>. H@TN@XL[ H@TN@XL[ F^MCOL[ Mnmlr`zn kchc umc hcs cssnrt`vcs cdc`xl. Jn`c klm dcstcotn ctnoçël9 Hnotrn lutrcs kcrcktnríst`kcs, ls h`rn`tls fumcols sël `mprnskr`tívn`s, `ocj`noãvn`s, `oh`sploívn`s, uo`vnrsc`s n `oh`v`sívn`s. Ls h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s sël ls h`rn`tls fumcols rnklofnk`hls plr um Nstchl n pls`t`vchls nm umc Klost`tu`çël (lrhnm `otnroc hn um Nstchl). L euohcmnotl iusocturcj`stc9 fã um h`rn`tl prnnx`stnotn ás olrmcs prlhuz`hcs pnjl flmnm. L euohcmnotl pls`t`v`stc9 l h`rn`tl à plstl. Qcrc fcvnr rnspn`tl á umc rngrc, njc hnvn nstcr oc jn`, oc Klost`tu`çël. Klost`tu`çël. Klosnosucjmnotn Klosnosucjmno tn klos`hnrchc um prljlogcmnotl octurcj hc Kcrtc hc Lrgco`zcçël hcs Ocçþns ^o`hcs (LO^, 308>), c Hnkjcrcçël ^o`vnrscj hls H`rn`tls Fumcols (H^HF) el` cprlvchc pnjc Cssnmdjn`c-gnrcj hc LO^ nm 3086. L hlkumnotl rnejntn l hnsnil hn pcz, iust`çc, hnsnovljv`mnotl n kllpnrcçël `otnrock`locj qun tlmlu klotc hn qucsn tlhl l muohl cpûs hucs grcohns g rcohns gunrrcs ol nspcçl hn cpnocs hucs hàkchcs.”  Ol kcmpl hl H`rn`tl @otnrock`locj, kloscgrlu-sn c chlçël hcs scoçþns klnrk`t`vcs, cdcohlocohl-sn cs puo`t`vcs. Sucohl l um Nstchl v`ljc olrmcs `otnrock`loc`s, fã  um kloiuotl hn mnh`hcs uo`jctnrc`s qun duskcm elrkcr l Nstchl v`ljchlr c kumpr`r klm sucs ldr`gcçþns. C ^o`ël oël `otnrv`rã ols Nstchls onm ol H`str`tl Enhnrcj, nxkntl pcrc, hnotrn lutrcs f`pûtnsns, cssngurcr c ldsnrväok`c hl pr`okíp`l klost`tuk`locj hls h`rn`tls hc pnsslc fumcoc. Ocs f`pûtnsns hn grcvn v`ljcçël hn h`rn`tls fumcols, l Qrlkurchlr-Gnrcj hc Tnpùdj`kc, klm c e`ocj`hchn hn cssngurcr l kumpr`mnot kumpr`mnotl l hn ldr`gcçþns hnklrrnotns hn trctchls `otnrock`loc`s hn h`rn`tls fumcols hls quc`s l Drcs`j snic pcrtn, plhnrã   ̃ susk`tcr, pnrcotn l [upnr`lr Xr`duocj hn Iust`çc, nm qucjqunr ecsn hl `oquàr`tl lu prlknssl, `ok`hnotn hn hnsjlkcmnotl hn klmpntéok`c pcrc c Iust`çc Enhnrcj. H`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s hn pr`mn`rc h`mnosël9 l  Elkl oc j`dnrhchn hl `oh`víhul nm rnjcçël cl Nstchl (h`rn`tls hn rns`stéok`c ernotn cl Nstchl). H`rn`tls K`v`s, pljít`kls n j`dnrhchns. H`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s hn snguohc h`mnosël9 l  Elkl ols h`rn`tls slk`c`s. Nx`gn-sn um ‚ecznr” hl Nstchl, umc prnstcçël. @hn`c hn @gucjhchn, n hn9 h`rn`tls nkloøm`k nkloøm`kls, ls, slk`c`s n kujturc`s. H`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s hn tnrkn`rc h`mnosël9 l  [ël h`rn`tls trcos`oh`v`huc`s hnst`ochls á prltnçël hl géonrl fumcol. @hn`cs hn9 erctnro`hchn, h`rn`tl cl cmd`notn, prlgrnssl, pcz, cutlhntnrm`ocçël cutlhntnrm`o cçël hls plvls n hnmc`s h`rn`tls h`eusls. H`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s hn qucrtc h`mnosël9 l

  Xnm c vnr klm c gjldcj`zcçël pljít`kc. Klmprnnohnm ls h`rn`tls á

hnmlkrck`c, `oelrmcçël n pjurcj`sml.

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Xrctchls n klovnoçþns sldrn HF cprlvchls kloelrmn l crt. >¹, §;¹, hc KE, oël nqu`vcjnm c olrmcs klost`tuk`loc`s lr`g`oãr`cs, mcs c nmnohcs klost`tuk`loc`s, lu snic, olrmcs klost`tuk klost`tuk`loc`s `loc`s hnr`vchcs. l  Ls trctchls n klovnoçþns `otnrock`loc`s sldrn h`rn`tls fumcols qun elrnm cprlvchls, nm kchc Kcsc hl Klogrnssl Ock`locj, nm hl`s turols, plr trés qu`otls hls vltls hls rnspnkt`vls mnmdrls, snrël nqu`vcjnotns ás nmnohcs klost`tuk`loc`s. Qcktl hn [ël Ilsà hc Klstc T`kc9 oël el` cprlvchl hn cklrhl klm c rngrc ck`mc. Qlr `ssl, rnklofnkn l [XE qun plssu` stctus suprcjngcj9 ck`mc hcs jn`s, mcs cdc`xl hc Klost`tu`çël. L pr`okíp`l hc h`go`hchn fumcoc plhn snr klos`hnrchl um supnrpr`okíp`l9 njn rngn ls h`rn`tls fumcols ol ämd`tl tcotl hl h`rn`tl `otnrock`locj, qucotl hl h`rn`tl `otnrol, klm pls`t`vcçël hls h`rn`tls fumcols nm kchc ocçël. C kloknpçël klotnmplräonc hn H`rn`tls Fumcols surg`u cpûs c snguohc Gunrrc Muoh`cj. C Klost`tu`çël Mnx`kcoc hn 3037 n c Klost`tu`çël hn Wn`mcr hn 3030 sël mcrkls hc ce`rmcçël hls h`rn`tls fumcols hn snguohc gnrcçël. [urg`mnotl hc `hn`c hn dnm-nstcr slk`cj.klm Kr`crcm h`vnrsls h`rn`tls slk`c`s. C LO^ ocsknu h`vnrsls ldint`vls, klml c mcoutnoçël hc pcz n sngurcoçc `otnrock`loc`s, `otnrock`lo c`s, css`m, c prltnçël `otnrock`l `otnrock`locj ocj hls h`rn`tls fumcols nstcvc `okjuíhc notrn njns. Ls h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s plhnm snr mlh`e`kchls oc Klost`tu`çël (cjtnrchls plr nmnohcs), mcs oël plhnm snr cdlj`hls. C f`stlr`k`hchn, klml kcrcktnríst`kc hls h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s, prlkjcmc qun snu klotnùhl sn mlh`e`kc n sn hnsnovljvn hn cklrhl klm l jugcr n l tnmpl. Qlr `ssl, ls h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s euohcmnotc`s plhnm surg`r n sn trcoselrmcr. L kctãjlgl hn h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s oc KE `okju`, cjàm hls h`rn`tls n gcrcot`cs nxprnssls nm snu tnxtl, lutrls qun hnklrrnm hl rng`mn n hls pr`okíp`ls plr njc chltchls, lu hn trctchls `otnrock`loc`s nm qun c Tnpùdj`kc Enhnrct`vc hl Drcs`j snic pcrtn. Qr`okíp`l hc cjtnr`hchn9 kljlkcr-sn oc pls`çël hl lutrl pcrc notnohé-jl. @hn`c hn nmpct`c. C Klost`tu`çël Enhnrcj trcz um rlj oël-nxcust`vl hn h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s, lu snic, fã lutrls h`rn`tls onjc oël prnv`stls hnklrrnotns hls pr`okíp`ls pr `okíp`ls n trctchls. L Xrctchl hn Mcrrcqunkfn, pcrc eck`j`tcr l cknssl c ldrcs pudj`kchcs ás pnsslcs kngcs, klm hne`k`éok`c v`sucj lu klm lutrcs h`e`kujhchns pcrc tnr cknssl cl tnxtl `mprnssl, e`rmchl nm Mcrrcqunkfn, nm 47 hn iuofl hn 413;, tnm stctus hn olrmc klost`tuk`locj klost`tuk `locj ol H`rn`tl Drcs`jn`rl. Nstã oc KE9 ‚oël fcvnrã pr`sël k`v`j plr hív`hc, scjvl c hl rnsplosãvnj pnjl

`och`mpjnmnotl `och`mpjnm notl vljuotãr`l n `onskusãvnj hn ldr`gcçël cj`mnotík`c n c hl hnpls`tãr`l hn pls`tãr`l `oe`nj”. l

  Ctnoçël9 Ctnoçël9 l  l Qcktl hn [ël Ilsà hc Klstc T`kc, nmdlrc nstnic cdc`xl hc KE, oël

pnrm`tn c pr`sël hl hnpls`tãr`l `oe`nj. Oc prãt`kc, s`go`e`kc qun c KE pnrm`tn.

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Klotuhl, cs jn`s qun nxnkutcr`cm c pr`sël hl hnpls`tãr`l `oe`nj, plr nstcrnm cdc`xl hl Qcktl hn [ël Ilsà, oël plhnm snr nxnkutchcs. Jlgl, plhnmls h`znr qun ol H`rn`tl drcs`jn`rl oël à plssívnj c pr`sël hl hnpls`tãr`l `oe`nj. Unhcçël cl rntrlknssl9 ls h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s hnvnm snr cmpj`chls, mcs oël rnhuz`hls (‚nen`tl kj`qunt”).  Ls h`rn`tls euohcmnotc`s oël sël cdsljutls, onm mnsml l h`rn`tl á v`hc. C Hnkjcrcçël ^o`vnrscj hls H`rn`tls Fumcols (H^HF), qun hnj`on`c ls h`rn`tls fumcols dãs`kls, el` chltchc pnjc Lrgco`zcçël hcs Ocçþns ^o`hcs nm 31 hn hnznmdrl hn 3086. El` nsdlçchc pr`ok`pcjmnotn pnjl kcochnosn Ilfo Qntnrs Fumpfrny, klotcohl, klotcohl, tcmdàm, klm c ciuhc hn vãr`cs pnsslcs hn tlhl l muohl. H^HF9 l  O`oguàm plhnrã snr kujpchl plr qucjqunr cçël lu lm`ssël qun, ol mlmnotl, oël klost`tuícm hnj`tl pnrcotn l h`rn`tl ock`locj lu `otnrock`locj. Xcmdàm oël snrã `mplstc pnoc mc`s elrtn hl qun cqunjc qun, ol mlmnotl hc prãt`kc, nrc cpj`kãvnj cl ctl hnj`tulsl. l  Xlhc pnsslc, vít`mc hn pnrsngu`çël, tnm l h`rn`tl hn prlkurcr n hn glzcr cs`jl nm lutrls pcísns. Nstn h`rn`tl oël plhn snr `ovlkchl nm kcsl hn pnrsngu`çël jng`t`mcmnotn mlt`vchc plr kr`mns hn h`rn`tl klmum lu plr ctls klotrãr`ls cls ldint`vls n pr`okíp`ls hcs Ocçþns ^o`hcs. l  Xlhl snr fumcol tnm h`rn`tl c um pchrël hn v`hc kcpcz hn cssngurcr c s` n c suc ecmíj`c scùhn n dnm nstcr, `okjus`vn cj`mnotcçël, vnstuãr`l, fcd`tcçël, ku`hchls màh`kls n ls snrv`çls slk`c`s `oh`spnosãvn`s, n h`rn`tl á sngurcoçc nm kcsl hn hnsnmprngl, hlnoçc, `ovcj`hnz, v`uvnz, vnjf`kn lu lutrls kcsls hn pnrhc hls mn`ls hn suds`stéok`c elrc hn snu klotrljn.

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5. @OELTMÃX@KC  @OELTMÃX@KC  @otnront n `otrcont9 Cs `otrconts ut`j`zcm tnkoljlg`cs hc @otnront pcrc v`cd`j`zcr c klmuo`kcçël notrn ls nmprngchls hn umc nmprnsc, pnrm`t`ohl-jfns klmpcrt`jfcr `oelrmcçþns n trcdcjfcr hn elrmc kljcdlrct`vc.  kljcdlrct`vc.  ^mc `otrcont à umc cpj`kcçël hl kloiuotl hn trcosplrtns n hn cpj`kcçël hl prltlkljl XKQ/@Q nm umc rnhn pr`vchc.  pr`vchc.   otnront, mcs klm cknssl rnstr`tl c umc C `otrcont ut`j`zc ls mnsmls mnkco`smls hc @@otnront, lrgco`zcçël.   lrgco`zcçël. Nmdlrc c @otnront snic cmpjcmnotn ut`j`zchc plr m`jfþns hn usuãr`ls, njc oël à klost`tuíhc, klost`tuíh c, uo`kcmnotn, plr p lr rnhns pùdj`kcs. pùdj`kcs.   @otrcont9 trcosm`t`hl trcosm`t`hl nm rnhn pr`vct`vc - plhn snr plr JCO[ n WCO[. Wco9 Cjkcokn muoh`cj - plrqun um klmputchlr j`gchl c `otnront plhn cknsscr c `otrcont hn qucjqunr jugcr.  jugcr.   Jco9 à Jco9  à rnhn jlkcj - ctà 311m.  311m.   XNJONX9  l prltlkljl Xnjont à um prltlkljl stcohcrh hn @o-tnront qun pnrm`tn c XNJONX9  `otnreckn hn tnrm`oc`s n hn cpj`kcçþns ctrcvàs hc @otnron @otnront. t. Nstn prltlkljl elronkn cs rngrcs dãs`kcs pcrc pnrm`t`r j`gcr um kj`notn (s`stnmc klmplstl hn umc ce`xcçël n um tnkjchl) c um `otàrprntn hn klmcohl (hl jchl hl snrv`hlr).L prltlkljl dcsn`csn oumc klonxël XKQ pcrc nov`cr hchls nm elr-mctl C[K@@ klh`e`kchl nm 6 d`ts notrn ls quc`s sn `otnrkcjcm snquéok snquéok`cs `cs hn klotrljn pcrc l Xnjont. Elronkn css`m um s`stnmc lr`notchl pcrc c klmuo`kcçël, d`h`rnkk`locj (fcje-hupjnx), klh`e`kchl nm 6 d`ts eãk`j hn cpj`kcr. Klm nssc klonxël à plssívnj l cknssl rnmltl pcrc qucjqunr mãqu`oc lu nqu`pcmnotl qun nstnic snohl nxnkutc nxnkutchl hl nm mlhl snrv`hlr. L prltlkljl Xnjont à um prltlkljl hn trcosenréok`c hn hchls oël sngurl, l qun qunr h`znr qun ls hchls qun vn`kujc k`rkujcm ás kjcrcs oc rnhn (hn mcon`rc oël klh`e`kchc). [[F9  nm `oelrmãt`kc l [[F ([nkurn [fnjj) à, cl mnsml tnmpl, um prlgrcmc hn [[F9  klmputchlr n um prltlkljl hn rnhn qun pnrm`tnm c klonxël klm lutrl klmputchlr oc rnhn hn elrmc c pnrm`t`r nxnkuçël hn klmcohls hn umc uo`hchn rnmltc. Njn plssu` cs mnsmcs euok`locj`hchns hl XNJONX, klm c vcotcgnm hc kr`ptlgrcechc oc klonxël notrn l kj`notn n l snrv`hlr. Nxtrcont9 à c pcrtn hn umc `otrcont qun plhn snr cknsschc pnjc @otnront, lu snic, c nxtrcont e`kc h`sploívnj oc @otnront pcrc `otnrcçël klm kj`notns n elronknhlrns hn umc lrgco`zcçël, mcs klm cknssl cutlr`zchl, klotrljchl n rnstr`tl. ^mc nxtrcont plhn s`m snr cknsschc plr mn`l hn smcrtpflons.

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Qrlxy9   ^m snrv`hlr prlxy à um "klmputchlr" qun ctuc klml `otnrmnh`ãr`l notrn

l

 

l

 

l

 

l

 

l

umc rnhn jlkcj n c @otnront. Nxnmpjl hn usl9 umc nmprnsc qun tnofc um j`ob `otnront nm cpnocs um klmputchlr, plhn `ostcjcr um snrv`hlr prlxy onstn klmp klmputchlr, utchlr, n tlhls ls lutrls plhnm cknsscr c @otnront ctrcvàs hl prlxy. À l tnrml ut`j`zchl pcrc hne`o`r ls `otnrmnh`ãr`ls notrn l usuãr`l n snu snrv`hlr. N plr `ssl hnsnmpnofc c euoçël hn klonxë klonxël l hl klmputchlr (jlkcj) á rnhn nxtnroc (@otnront). Ls snrv`hlrns prlxy ciuhcm c mnjflrcr l hnsnmpnofl oc Wnd crmcznocohl umc kûp`c hcs pãg`ocs hc Wnd ut`j`zchcs klm mc`s ernquéok`c. Sucohl um ocvngchlr slj`k`tc umc pãg`oc qun nstã crmcznochc oc kljnçël hl snrv`hlr prlxy (l kckfn), njc à h`splo`d`j`zchc pnjl snrv`hlr prlxy, l qun à mc`s rãp`hl hl qun cknsscr c Wnd. Ls snrv`hlrns prlxy tcmdàm ciuhcm c mnjflrcr c sngurcoçc plrqun e`jtrcm cjguos t`pls hn klotnùhl hc Wnd n sletwcrns mcj-`otnok`lochls, mcs oël à cot`vírus!

UQO9 UQO - À umc rnhn pr`vchc klostruíhc kl ostruíhc hnotrl hc `oercnstruturc hn umc rnhn pùdj`kc, klml c `otnront, ut`j`zcohl rnkursls hn kr`ptlgrce`c pcrc gcrcot`r c `otngr`hchn n c kloe`hnok`cj`hchn kloe`hnok` cj`hchn hls hchls trcengchls. Ls pr`ok`pc`s ldint`vls oc `mpjcotcçël hn um UQO sël9 s ël9 H`splo`d`j`zcr cknssl plr mn`l hn rnhns r nhns pùdj`kcs, `otnront, c dc`xl kustl2 @sljcr umc rnhn h`str`duíhc klotrc `otnrenréok`c nxtnroc2 Qrltngnr c pr`vck`hchn n c `otngr`hchn hn mnoscgnos ctrcvnsscohl rnhns oël kloe`ãvn`s (pùdj`kcs)2 Mco`pujcr tlhc ec`xc hn prltlkljls hc `otnront klrrnotnmnotn nm usl hn elrmc trcospcrnotn. Cs pr`ok`pc`s cpj`kcçþns hn UQOs sël9 Cknssl rnmltl c rnhn klrplrct`vc v`c `otnront2 Klonxël hn JCOs v`c `otnront2 Kr`cçël hn UQOs n hnotrl hn umc `otrcont. FXXQ n FXXQ[9 FXXQ à c s`gjc nm jíoguc `ogjnsc hn FypnrXnxt Xrcosenr Qrltlklj (Qrltlkljl hn Xrcosenréok`c hn F`pnrtnxtl), um prltlkljl hn Cpj`kcçël hl Mlhnjl L[@ ut`j`zchl pcrc trcosenréok`c hn hchls oc rnhn muoh`cj hn klmputchlrns, c Wlrjh W`hn Wnd. Xcmdàm trcosenrn hchls hn f`pnr-míh`c (`mcgnos, ( `mcgnos, slos n tnxtls). FXXQ[ (FypnrXnxt Xrcosenr Qrltlklj [nkurn), à umc `mpjnmnotcçël hl prltlkljl FXXQ sldrn umc kcmchc [[J lu hl XJ[, nssc kcmchc ch`k`locj pnrm`tn qun ls hchls snicm trcosm`t`hls ctrcvàs hn umc klonxël kr`ptlgrcechc n qun sn vnr`e`qun c cutnot`k`hchn cutnot`k`h chn hl snrv`hlr n hl kj`notn ctrcvàs hn knrt`e`kchls h`g`tc`s.

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FXXQ[[  ‛‛ csslk`cr á [ngurcoçc FXXQ [ngurcoçc9 Tlltb`t9   Tlltb`t9 l  À um t`pl hn kcvcjl hn trl`c. l  Tlltb`t à um sletwcrn mcj`k`lsl qun pnrm`tn l cknssl c um klmputchlr noqucotl lkujtc c suc ct`v`hchn. Lr`g`ocjmnotn l rlltb`t nrc umc kljnçël hn enrrcmnotcs qun fcd`j`tcvcm cknssl c oívnj hn chm`o`strchlr pcrc um klmputchlr lu umc rnhn. l  Kcsl l cot`vírus hntnktn um rlltb`t, l mcjwcrn plhn tnotcr hnsct`vcr c prltnçël n hnjntcr cjguos klmplonotns hnj`kchls hc sljuçël. l  C fcd`j`hchn hn sn nsklohnr pnrm`tn qun nstn t`pl hn mcjwcrn pnrmconçc ol s`stnmc hc vít`mc plr mnsns lu ctà cols, plss`d`j`tcohl qun fckbnrs usnm l s`stnmc pcrc l qun dnm notnohnr. l  L s`stnmc lpnrck`locj J`oux/^o`x tnm rnjcçël klm l `oík`l hnssn sletwcrn.  sletwcrn.  

[kcrnwcrn9   [kcrnwcrn9   [kcrnwcrn à um sletwcrn mcj`k`lsl qun ecz klm qun ls usuãr`ls hn

l

klmputchlrns cknssnm s`tns `oenstchls plr mcjwcrn. Xcmdàm klofnk`hl klml sletwcrn hn nogcol, sletwcrn hn vnr`e`kcçël hnslonstl lu ercuhwcrn, l skcrnwcrn plhn v`r oc elrmc hn kc`xcs suspnoscs.  suspnoscs.  [pywcrn9   [pywcrn9 l  À um t`pl hn mcjwcrn. Klos`stn nm um prlgrcmc cutlmãt`kl hn klmputchlr qun rnkljfn `oelrmcçþns sldrn l usuãr`l, sldrn ls snus klstumns oc `otnront n trcosm`tn nssc `oelrmcçël c umc not`hchn nxtnroc oc @otnront, snm l klofnk`mnotl n klosnot`mnotl hl usuãr`l.  usuãr`l.   Blldeckn9   Blldeckn9  l  L Blldeckn plhn notrcr ol klmputchlr h`secrçchl hn cjgl kfcmct`vl nm qun l usuãr`l hnsnic kj`kcr. Qlr nxnmpjl, njn plhn pudj`kcr umc mnoscgnm lkujtc ol murcj hl Eckndllb, klml "Ulké el` v`stl oc olssc kämnrc snkrntc", pcrc `oknot`vcr vlké c kj`k kj`kcr cr nm um j`o j`obb qun dc`xc n `ostcjc l wl wlrm rm ol klmputchlr.   klmputchlr. l  Lutrc tãt`kc hl Blldeckn à uscr coùok`ls hl t`pl pcy-pnr-kj`kb (pcgun plr kj`qun) pcrc gnrcr rnkn`tc noqucotl rnh`rnk`loc l trãengl pcrc s`tns ecjs`e`kchls, `okju`ohl cjguos qun lenrnknm prltnçël cot`vírus ecjsc. Cjgumcs vcr`cçþns jnvcm vlké cl PluXudn lu c um s`tn snmnjfcotn n h`znm qun, pcrc klot`oucr, vlké prnk`sc `ostcjcr umc olvc vnrsël hl Chldn Ejcsf lu hn um pjug-`o. l  ^mc vnz `ostcjchl ol klmputchlr, l wlrm Blldeckn pnrklrrn l s`stnmc kljntcohl `oelrmcçþns pnsslc`s, klml hchls hn jlg`o lu dcokãr`ls, gcr`mpcohl suc j`stc hn klotctls pcrc klosngu`r mc`s cjvls n kr`cohl pudj`kcçþns ecjscs nm snu olmn. Hnpl`s h`ssl, l wlrm trcosm`tn ls hchls 84

 

 

pcrc um knotrl hn klmcohl n klotrljn (K&K). Á mnh`hc qun mc`s klmputchlrns sël `oenktchls, njns elrmcm umc rnhn rldø, klofnk`hc klml dltont, qun sn rnklonktc cl mnstrn pcrc ldtnr ctucj`zcçþns hn mcjwcrn qun ciuhcm l vírus c klotcm`ocr lutrls s`stnmcs. Wlrm Wcrflj9 l  À um wlrm hn klmputchlr kcpcz hn sn rnpj`kcr rcp`hcmnotn n `oenktcr um grcohn oùmnrl hn klmputchlrns oc @otnront nm cpnocs 3> m`outls. Chwcrn9 l  Chwcrn à l olmn qun sn hã c prlgrcmcs kr`chls pcrc nx`d`r coùok`ls ol klmputchlr, rnh`rnk`locr sucs pnsqu`scs pcrc s`tns hn couok`cotns n kljntcr snus hchls pcrc e`os hn mcrbnt`og. Qlr nxnmpjl, njns rcstrn`cm l t`pl hn s`tns qun vlké klstumc cknsscr pcrc nx`d`r coùok`ls pnrslocj`zchls. Kcvcjl hn trl`c9 l  Kcvcjl hn Xrl`c à um t`pl hn mcjwcrn qun, ernqunotnmnotn, nstã h`secrçchl hn sletwcrn jngít`ml. Njns plhnm snr nmprngchls plr kr`m`olsls v`rtuc`s n fckbnrs pcrc tnotcr ldtnr cknssl cls s`stnmcs hls usuãr`ls. Nm gnrcj, ls usuãr`ls sël nogcochls plr cjgumc elrmc hn nognofcr`c slk`cj pcrc kcrrngcr n nxnkutcr kcvcjls hn Xrl`c nm snus s`stnmcs. ^mc vnz ct`vchls, ls kcvcjls hn Xrl`c pnrm`tnm qun ls kr`m`olsls l nsp`lonm, rludnm snus hchls kloe`hnok`c`s n ldtnofcm cknssl cl snu s`stnmc pnjc plrtc hn euohl. Nsscs cçþns plhnm `okju`r9 Nxkju`r hchls Djlquncr hchls Mlh`e`kcr hchls Klp`cr hchls Ctrcpcjfcr l hnsnmpnofl hn klmputchlrns n rnhns hn klmputchlrns l  H`enrnotnmnotn hls vírus n wlrms, ls kcvcjls hn Xrl`c oël klosngunm sn cutlrrnpj`kcr. l  Kcvcjl hn trl`c dckbhlrl9 klm um kcvcjl hn Xrl`c dckbhllr, usuãr`ls mcj`k`lsls klotrljcm rnmltcmnotn l klmputchlr `oenktchl. Klm njn, l cutlr klosngun ecznr l qun qu`snr ol klmputchlr `oenktchl, klml nov`cr, rnkndnr, `o`k`cr n nxkju`r crqu`vls, nx`d`r hchls n rn`o`k`cr l klmputchlr. Ls kcvcjls hn Xrl`c dckbhllr klstumcm snr uschls pcrc rnuo`r um kloiuotl hn klmputchlrns n elrmcr umc dltont lu rnhn zumd`, qun plhn snr uschc pcrc e`os kr`m`olsls. Qf`sf`og9 l  Qf`sf`og à umc mcon`rc hnslonstc qun k`dnrkr`m`olsls uscm pcrc nogcocr vlké c rnvnjcr `oelrmcçþns pnsslc`s, klml snofcs lu kcrtël hn kràh`tl, KQE n oùmnrl hn klotcs dcokãr`cs. Njns ecznm `ssl nov`cohl n-mc`js ecjsls lu h`rnk`locohl vlké c wnds`tns ecjsls. l  Olrmcjmnotn, l pf`sf`og lklrrn plr mn`l hn spcm (n-mc`js `ohnsnichls). Cot`vírus ‛ gnrcçþns9 l  Qr`mn`rc Gnrcçël9 nskconchlrns s`mpjns2

8;

 

 

Ls cot`v`rus hn pr`mn`rc gnrcçël ut`j`zcm ls rnkursls hn vnr`e`kcçël klm dcsn nm css`octurc, lu snic, à klml sn elssn umc mcrkc lu `mprnssël h`g`tcj. Kcsl l kûh`gl mcj`k`lsl lu prlgrcmc plssuíssn c mcrkc, l cot`v`rus notël dcrrc l kûh`gl. Notrntcotl, `ssl hnpnohn hn ctucj`zcçël klostcotn n vnjlz hls cot`v`rus pcrc snrnm kcpczns hn kcpturcrnm ls h`vnrsls kûh`gls qun surgnm h`cr`cmnotn. l  [nguohc Gnrcçël (vnm snohl kldrchl pnjl KN[QN)9 nskconchlrns fnuríst`kls2 Ls cot`vírus mlhnrols tém l pr`okíp`l hc fnuríst`kc. C hntnkçël fnuríst`kc pnrm`tn cl cot`vírus `hnot`e`kcr vírus qun oël klostnm hl snu dcokl hn hchls, ctrcvàs hc coãj`sn hl klmplrtcmnotl hn um crqu`vl lu prlgrcmc (cpj`kct`vls qun ecznm umc vcrrnhurc oc mnmûr`c TCM, plr nxnmpjl, plhnm snr klos`hnrchls suspn`tls). L dcokl hn hchls hn prltnçël hl snu cot`vírus à ctucj`zchl klm olvcs ‚css`octurcs” lu kûh`gl hn vírus tlhc vnz qun vlké sn klonktc c @otnront. Qlràm, qucohl l cot`vírus ‚oël klofnkn l vírus” (oël plssu` suc ‚css`octurc”) njn pcrtn pcrc c coãj`sn hl klmplrtcmnotl

hl crqu`vl lu prlgrcmc suspn`tl (vnr`e`kcçël fnuríst`kc) l qun cumnotc c gnrcçël hn Ecjsls Qls`t`vls.

  Xnrkn`rc Gnrcçël9 crmch`jfcs hn ct`v`hchn2 l  Sucrtc Gnrcçël9 prltnçël tltcj. l

E`rnwcjj l  L e`rnwcjj à um e`jtrl hn klonxþns qun djlqun`c lu j`dnrc l cknssl pnjcs plrtcs XKQ hl klmputchlr. Ls wlrms sn prlpcgcm pnjcs klonxþns hn rnhn uscohl plrtcs hnsct`vchcs lu cdcohlochcs. Css`m, l e`rnwcjj `mpnhn c suc prlpcgcçël, snohl umc enrrcmnotc prnvnot`vc. l  L e`rnwcjj oël à cot`spywcrn. Qlrtcotl, cpnscr hn djlquncr c prlpcgcçël, njn oël nj`m`oc l wlrm. Qcrc nj`m`ocr, hnvn-sn uscr um cot`spywcrn, klml l W`ohlws Hnenohnr. Klmputcçël oc oùvnm9 L klokn`tl hn klmputcçël nm ouvnm (nm `ogjés, kjluh klmput`og) rnenrn-sn á ut`j`zcçël hc mnmûr`c n hc kcpck`hchn hn crmcznocmnotl n kãjkujl hn klmputchlrns n snrv`hlrns Flspnhchls nm Hctcknotnr n `otnrj`gchls plr mn`l hc @otnront, sngu`ohl l pr`okíp`l hc klmputcçël nm grchn. Ol Kjluh Klmput`og, qunm rncj`zc cs tcrnecs hn crmcznocmnotl, ctucj`zcçël n dckbup à l snrv`hlr (lu HCXCKNOXNT) n oël l usuãr`l. Klm c kjluh klmput`og, oël fã mc`s onknss`hchn hn `ostcjcr lu crmcznocr cpj`kct`vls, crqu`vls n lutrls hchls ce`os ol klmputchlr lu nm um snrv`hlr prûx`ml, hchc c h`splo`d`j`hchn hnssn klotnùhl oc @otnront. [`stnmcs hn duskcs9 L Gllgjn à um mntcduskchlr qun ut`j`zc pcjcvrcs-kfcvn pcrc noklotrcr rnsujtchls rnsujtchls nm tlhcs cs dcsns hn hchls h`sploívn`s oc @otnront.  @otnront. 

88

 

 

Tne`ocr cs pnsqu`scs9 l  C Qnsqu`sc Gllgjn gnrcjmnotn `golrc plotucçþns qun oël ecçcm pcrtn hn um lpnrchlr hn pnsqu`sc. l  Oël kljlqun nspcçls notrn l tnrml hn pnsqu`sc n l símdljl lu pcjcvrc. ^mc pnsqu`sc plr s`tn9gjldl.klm euok`locrã, mcs plr s`tn9 gjldl.klm oël. l  Qnsqu`scr nm rnhns slk`c`s A9 Kljlqun cotns hn umc pcjcvrc pcrc pnsqu`scr nm rnhns slk`c`s. Nxnmpjl9 A`ostcgrcm. l  Qnsqu`scr um prnçl $9 Kljlqun l símdljl c cotns otns hn um oùm oùmnrl. nrl. Nxnmpjl9 knjujcr $3411. l  [n qu`snr ecznr c pnsqu`sc hnotrl hn um `otnrvcjl, ut`j`zn hl`s plotls (um cl jchl hl lutrl ..). Nxnmpjl9 kämnrc $>1..$411. l  Nxkju`r pcjcvrcs hc pnsqu`sc ‛  9 kljlqun l símdljl hn mnols cotns hc pcjcvrc qun hnvn snr nxkjuíhc hc pnsqu`sc. Nxnmpjl9 vnjlk`hc vnjlk`hchn hn hl icgucr -kcrrl.   Qnsqu`scr umc klrrnsplohéok`c nxctc ‚ ‚9 l qun t`vnr hnotrl hcs cspcs snrã

l

pnsqu`schl iuotl. Nxnmpjl9 ‚pjcontc tnrrc” ‛   l s`stnmc `rã prlkurcr c

nxprnssël tlhc. L rnsujtchl hc duskc snm cs cspcs à h`enrnotn. Ecçc l tnstn pcrc notnohnr. l

  Klmd`ocr Qnsqu`sc lr9 klmd`oc cs pnsqu`scs hn hl`s tnrmls. Nxnmpjl9 pre lr pe.   Klm nstn s`ocj * vlké prlkurc pcjcvrcs nm umc mnsmc duskc, plràm oël

l

onknsscr`cmnotnn iuotcs (umc hl jchl hc lutrc). Nxnmpjl9 pjcontc*tnrrc. onknsscr`cmnot   Qcrc pnsqu`scr nm s`tn nspnkíe`kl9 kljlqun ‚s`tn” cotns hn um s`tn lu

l

hlmío`l. Nxnmpjl9 s`tn9.glv.   [n qu`snr pnsqu`scr plr s`tns rnjck`lochls, usn l tnrml ‚rnjctnh9” cotns hl

l

nohnrnçl mlhnjl. Nxnmpjl9 rncjctnh9qundrcohlcsdcokcs.klm. rncjctnh9qundrcohlcsdcokcs.klm.   Qcrc vnr c vnrsël nm kckfn hl Gllgjn hn um s`tn, kljlqun ‚kckfn9” cotns hl

l

s`tn.   Qcrc vnr hntcjfns hn um s`tn, usn ‚`oel9” cotns hl nohnrnçl hl s`tn.  

l

Mntchchls9 Mntchchls lu Mntc`oelrmcçël, sël hchls sldrn lutrls hchls. ^m `tnm hn um mntchchl plhn h`znr hl qun sn trctc cqunjn hchl, gnrcjmnotn umc `oelrmcçël `otnj`gívnj plr um klmputchlr. Ls mntchchls eck`j`tcm l notnoh`mnotl hls rnjck`locmnotls n c ut`j`hchn hcs `oelrmcçþns hls hchls.  hchls.   Qrltlkljl LC@-QMF9 à um mnkco`sml pcrc trcosenréok`c hn hchls notrn d`dj`ltnkcs h`g`tc`s. À umc `otnreckn qun um snrv`hlr hn rnhn plhn nmprngcr pcrc qun ls mntchchls hn ldintls rns`hnotns ol snrv`hlr nstnicm h`sploívn`s pcrc cpj`kcçþns nxtnrocs qun hnsninm kljntcr nssns hchls. Hnmc`s tûp`kls hn `oelrmãt`kc snrël `osnr`hls oc vnrsël 4.1, cpûs l nh`tcj.

8>

 

 

7. JÍOG^C JÍOG^C QLTX^G^N[C  QLTX^G^N[C  Nmprngl eckujtct`vl hn vírgujc9 l  Sucohl c nxprnssël chvnrd`cj elr hn kurtc nxtnosël n v`nr ol `oík`l hc ercsn, plhn-sn lu oël c `sljcr klm c v írgujc9 ‚Oc QTE, trcdcjfcmls hn elrmc `otnosc”.    Klm lrcçþns chvnrd`c`s9 ‚`rn` c prc`c cmcofë, sn oël kflvnr”. Klm

l

vírgujc lu snm c lrcçël nstcr`c knrtc. Klotuhl, l usl hc vírgujc hã mc`s éoecsn. l  Hnpl`s hn cjgumcs kloiuoçþns9 ‚Njn nstuhlu mu`tl pcrc c prlv c hc QTE hurcotn c mchrugchc. mchrugchc. Kloiuoçþns9 nnotrntcotl, otrntcotl, plrtcotl, tlhc tlhcv`c, v`c, plr `ssl. Nmprngl eckujtct`vl hn krcsn9 l  H`cotn hn olmns prûpr`ls enm`o`ols9 notrngun` c kfcvn hc v`cturc c Qcujc. l  H`cotn hn prlolmn plssnss`vl enm`o`ol9 knh` l euz`j c m`ofc kljngc. l  Hnpl`s hc prnpls`çël ctà9 eu` ctà c snhn hc QTE. Fcvnr9 l  Fcvnr klm l snot`hl hn nx`st`r lu lklrrnr9 vnrdl e`kc ol s`ogujcr. Nx.9 Fcv`c hnz kcoh`hctls.   Sucohl ‚fcvnr” chm`t`r chm`t`r suin`tl9 njns fcvnrël hn notnohnr notnohnr `ssl nm cjgum

l

h`c Lohn9 @oh`kc jugcr nm qun cjgl lu cjguàm nstã (jlkcj`zcçël), hnvn snr ut`j`zchl slmnotn pcrc sudst`tu`r vlkãdujl qun nxprnssc c `hn`c hn jugcr. Nx.9 Oël sn` lohn e`kc c snhn hc QTE. Clohn9 Nxprnssc c `hn`c hn hnst`ol, mlv`mnotl, kloelrmn nxnmpjls c sngu`r9 Clohn vlké `rã hnpl`s hc elrmcturc hl kursl hn elrmcçël hc QTE< Nssn9 usn ‚nssn” n sucs vcr`cçþns (onssn, onssc, nssc) pcrc rntlmcr um tnmpl

qun iã el` mnok`lochl. Nxnmpjl9 Xurqu`ofl el` l pr`mn`rl plj`k`cj rlhlv`ãr`l enhnrcj. Nssn plj`k`cj... Kloiuoçþns kllrhnoct`vcs (nxtrcíhcs hl s`tn9 slplrtuguns.klm.dr)9 l  Ch`t`vcs9 j`gcm lrcçþns lu pcjcvrcs, nxprnsscohl `hn`c hn ch`çël. [ël njcs9 n, onm (= n oël), oël sû... mcs tcmdàm, oël sû... klml tcmdàm, dnm klml, oël sû... mcs c`ohc. Qlr nxnmpjl9 C suc pnsqu`sc à kjcrc n ldint`vc. Njc oël sû h`r`g`u c pnsqu`sc klml tcmdàm nskrnvnu l rnjctûr`l. l  Chvnrsct`vcs9 j`gcm hucs lrcçþns lu pcjcvrcs, nxprnsscohl `hn`c hn klotrcstn lu klmpnoscçël. [ël njcs9 mcs, plràm, klotuhl, tlhcv`c, notrntcotl, ol notcotl, oël ldstcotn. Qlr nxnmpjl9 Xnotn` kfngcr mc`s knhl, plràm oël klosngu`. l  Cjtnroct`vcs9 j`gcm lrcçþns lu pcjcvrcs, nxprnsscohl `hn`c hn cjtnroäok`c lu nskljfc, `oh`kcohl ectls qun sn rncj`zcm snpcrchcmnotn snpcrchcmnotn.. [ël njcs9 lu, lu... lu, lrc... lrc, iã... iã, qunr... qunr, snic... snic, tcjvnz... tcjvnz. Qlr nxnmpjl9 Lu nskljfl cglrc, lu e`kl snm prnsnotn hn co`vnrsãr`l.

85

 

 

  Klokjus`vcs9 j`gcm c lrcçël cotnr`lr c umc lrcçël qun nxprnssc `hn`c hn

l

klokjusël lu klosnquéok`c. [ël njcs9 jlgl, pl`s (hnpl`s hl vnrdl), plrtcotl, plr klosngu`otn, plr `ssl, css`m. Qlr nxnmpjl9 Mcrtc nstcvc dnm prnpcrchc pcrc l tnstn, plrtcotl oël e`klu onrvlsc. l  Nxpj`kct`vcs9 j`gcm c lrcçël cotnr`lr c umc lrcçël qun c nxpj`kc, qun  iust`e`kc c `hn `hn`c `c onjc klot`hc. [ël njcs9 qun, plrqun, pl`s (cotns hl vnrdl), plrqucotl. Qlr nxnmpjl9 hnmlrn, qunprlvcs9 l e`jmn iã vc` klmnçcr.   Ctnoçël  ‛ KN[QN glstc hnOël kldrcr nm sucs

l

‚n” plhn tnr snot`hl chvnrsct`vl9 Kcrjls ecjc, n oël ecz. [noël à kloiuoçël chvnrsct`vc qucohl nqu`vcjn c ‚mcs css`m”9 ‚Klosngu`mls vnoknr oël plr prltnk`lo`sml,

snoël 

plr

kcpck`hchn”.  kcpck`hchn”.  Hcs kloiuoçþns chvnrsct`vcs, "mcs" hnvn snr nmprngchc snmprn ol `oík`l hc lrcçël9 cs lutrcs (plràm, tlhcv`c, klotuhl, ntk.) plhnm v`r ol `oík`l lu ol mn`l. Qlr nxnmpjl9   O`oguàm rnsplohnu c pnrguotc, mcs ls cjuols scd`cm c rnsplstc.   O`oguàm rnsplohnu c pnrguotc2 ls cjuols, plràm, scd`cm •

•

c rnsplstc. C pcjcvrc "pl`s", qucohl à kloiuoçël klokju klokjus`vc, s`vc, vnm gnrcjmnotn g nrcjmnotn cpûs um lu mc`s tnrmls hc lrcçël c qun pnrtnokn. Qlr nxnmpjl9 Ulké l prlvlklu klm nsscs pcjcvrcs2 oël sn qun`xn, pl`s, hn snus ctcquns. l  Sucohl à kloiuoçël nxpj`kct`vc, "pl`s" vnm, gnrcjmnotn, cpûs um vnrdl ol `mpnrct`vl n snmprn ol `oík`l hc lrcçël c qun pnrtnokn. Qlr nxnmpjl9 Oël tnofc rnkn`l, pl`s nu c prltngnrn`. ^sl hl trcvnssël9 l  Qlhn snr uschl pcrc `oh`kcr c ecjc hn um pnrslocgnm. l  [npcrcr nxprnssþns lu ercsns nxpj`kct`vcs. l  Qcrc sudst`tu`r l usl hn pcréotnsns, vírgujcs n hl`s-plotls. Hn noklotrl c x cl noklotrl hn9   Hn noklotrl c9 tnm s`go`e`kchl hn ‚klotrc”, ‚nm lpls`çël c”, ‚pcrc

l

kflkcr- sn klm”. @hn`c hn h`sklrhäok`c. l  Cl noklotrl hn9 à umc nxprnssël uschc pcrc `oh`kcr kloklrhäok`c. L ‚plrqun” iuotl à umc kloiuoçël qun `oh`kc kcusc, mlt`vl, iust`e`kct`vc lu

nxpj`kcçël. ^m nxnmpjl9 "Nu oël eu` plrqun nstcvc nstuhcohl pcrc c QTE". Q TE". Qlr qué9 hnvn snr nmprngchl slmnotn ol e`m hc lrcçël, tnohl l mnsml s`go`e`kchl hn ‚plr qun”.

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6. XTÄO[@XL XTÄO[@XL [nrã `osnr`hl cpûs l nh`tcj.

0. GNLQLJÍX@KC GNLQLJÍX@KC [nrã `osnr`hl cpûs l nh`tcj.

31. JÍOG^C N[XTCOGN@TC [nrã `osnr`hl cpûs l nh`tcj.

33. JNG@[JCÇËL N[QNK@CJ [nrã `osnr`hl cpûs l nh`tcj.

34. XNMC[ HN TNHCÇËL QTLUÃUN@[ QCTC C QTLUC HC QTE [nrã `osnr`hl cpûs l nh`tcj.

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