Sulfur Dioksida

 

NMLMBME VPBHPS GODLVOGM (VD₃)

GDV@K Y@NCONCOKJ 1 Or. Bufly Okgrmto Ptmno, NW

GOVPVPK DB@E 1 Fokgy Vmslom Gmnmymkto =?96=9=99₃? HMLPBWMV W@LKOL  YSDJSMN VWPGO W@LKOL LONOM PKOX@SVOWMV Y@NCMKJPKMK KMVODKMB ‒X@W@SMK„ AMZM WONPS  VPSMCM_M ₃9=?

 

LMWM Y@KJMKWMS 

Yuao syulur l` emgormt Mbbme VZW ymkj t`bme n`nc`rolmk rmenmt gmk eogmyme-Kym s`eokjjm smym gmpmt n`ky`b`smolmk tujms nmlmbme ymkj c`raugub ‒Vubhur Godlssogm (VD₃)„ oko t`pmt pmgm wmltukym. Mgmpuk tuaumk gmro p`kubosmk nmlmbme oko mgmbme uktul n`n`kueo tujms ymkj goc`rolmk db`e Ocu Or. Bufly Okgrmto Ptmno, NW s`bmlu gds`k p`nconcokj gmbmn gmb mn nmtm nmtm lubome lubome.. V`bmok V`bmok otu, otu, nmlmbme nmlmbme oko aujm aujm c`rtua c`rtuaumk umk uktul uktul n`kmnc n`kmncme me wmwmsmk t`ktmkj subhur godlsogm cmjo pmrm p`ncmfm gmk aujm cmjo p`kubos. Vmym n`kjufmplmk t`ronm lmsoe l`pmgm Ocu Or. Bufly Okgrmto Ptmno, NW ymkj t`bme n`nc`rolmk tujms oko s`eokjjm gmpmt n`kmncme p`kj`tmeumk gmk wmwmsmk s`sumo g`kjmk cogmkj stugo ymkj smym t`luko. Vmymm aujm Vmy aujm n`kjuf n`kjufmpl mplmk mk t`ronm t`ronm lmsoe lmsoe l`pmgm l`pmgm s`num s`num poeml poeml ymkj ymkj t`bme t`bme n`ncmjo s`cmjomk p`kj`tmeumkkym s`eokjjm smym gmpmt n`ky`b`smolmk nmlmbme oko. Vmym n`kymgmro, nmlmbme ymkj smym tubos oko nmsoe amue gmro lmtm s`npurkm. Db`e Db` e lmr`km lmr`km otu, lrotol lrotol gmk smrmk smrmk ymkj ymkj n`ncmk n`ncmkjuk juk mlmk smym smym kmktol kmktolmk mk g`no g`no l`s`npurkmmk nmlmbme oko.

Vurmcmym, : G`s`nc`r ₃9=?

Y`kubos

o

 

GMHWMS OVO

LMWM Y@KJMKWMS.......................... Y@KJMKWMS................................................ ............................................ .......................................... ........................o ....o GMHWMS OVO............................................ OVO.................................................................. ............................................ ..........................................oo ....................oo CMC O Y@KGMEPBPMK........................... Y@KGMEPBPMK................................................. ............................................ .......................................= .................= O.=.

Bmtmr C`bmlmkj... C`bmlmkj........ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... .............. ................... ..................= .........=

O.₃.

Wuaumk... Wuaumk........ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... ............ ........₃ .₃

O.6.

Sunusmk Sunusmk Nmsmbme..... Nmsmbme.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. .................. ................₃ .......₃

CMC OO WOKAMPMK YPVWMLM.................................. YPVWMLM........................................................ ............................................6 ......................6 OO.=.. OO.=

Vohmt Vohmt gmk gmk lmrml lmrmlt`r t`rosto ostol l Vubhur Vubhur Godlso Godlsogm gm (VD₃ (VD₃).. )..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... .......6 ...6

OO.₃.. OO.₃

Vunc`r Vunc`r Y`kj Y`kjems emsob ob Vubh Vubhur ur godl godlsog sogmm (VD₃). (VD₃).... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........ ........ .......7 ...7

OO.6.. OO.6

Y`nc`k Y`nc`ktul tulmk mk Vubhu Vubhurr godlso godlsogm gm (VD₃) (VD₃)... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........ ........ ........ ........0 ....0

OO.7.. OO.7

Gmnpml Gmnpml Y`kf`n Y`kf`nmrmk mrmk Vubhur Vubhur godlso godlsogm gm (VD (VD₃). ₃).... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........ ........ .....8 .8

OO.0.. OO.0

Nmkhmm Nmkhmmtt Vubhur Vubhur godlsog godlsogmm (VD₃). (VD₃).... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....? ?

CMC OOO L@VONYPBMK........................... L@VONYPBMK................................................. ............................................ .......................................=9 .................=9 GMHWMS YPVWMLM.................................. YPVWMLM........................................................ .......................................................... ....................................== ==

oo

 

CMC O Y@KGMEPBPMK O.=.. Bmtmr O.= Bmtmr C`bml C`bmlmkj mkj

 

Go mbmn mbmn oko oko t`rgmpm t`rgmpmtt c`rcm c`rcmjmo jmo a`kos a`kos uksur uksur ymkj ymkj n`ky n`kyusu usuk k s`bu s`burue rue

ldnpdk ldn pdk`k `k l`eogu l`eogupmk pmk.. PksurPksur-uks uksur ur t`rs`c t`rs`cut ut n`nobo n`nobolo lo lmrmlt lmrmlt`ros `rostol tol ymkj ymkj  c`rc`gm smtu smnm. Pksur aujm n`nobolo l`nmnpumk c`rolmtmk g`kjmk uksur  bmok s`eokjjm t`rc`ktulbme sumtu s`kymwm. Vmbme smtu fdktde s`kymwm mgmbme Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃) mtmu s`rokj gol`kmb g`kjmk c`b`rmkj godlsogm. Vubhur godlsogm gol`kmb s`cmjmo smbme smtu a`kos pdbutmk. Vubhur dlsogm n`rupmlmk s`kymwm ymkj c`rc`ktul jms ymkj c`rcmemym cmjo nmlebul eogup. V`ky V`kymw mwmm ok okoo n`ru n`rupm pmlm lmk k smbme smbme smtu smtu a` a`ko koss jm jmss c` c`rm rmfu fuk. k. Vubh Vubhur ur go godl dlsog sogmm  comsmkym goemsoblmk db`e b`tusmk jukukj c`rmpo gmk c`c`rmpm p`nrds`smk gmbmn cogmkj okgustro. Vubhur godlsogm t`rc`ktul mlocmt mgmkym olmtmk mtmrm subhur (c`b`rmkj) g`kjmk dlsoj`k. Y`nc`ktulmk s`kymwm oko comsmkym t`ramgo mpmcobm t`ramgo  p`ncmlmrmk cmemk cmlmr hdsob ymkj n`kjmkgukj subhur. Emnpor s`num nmt`romb n`ktme ymkj mgm go cuno n`kjmkgukj subhur s`p`rto mbunokoun, nokyml n`ktme, cmtu cmrm, t`ncmjm, c`so, s`kj, gmk aujm toncmb. V`gmkjlmk emnporr s`num okgustro emnpo okgustro n`ncutuel n`ncutuelmk mk nmt`romb-nmt`ro nmt`romb-nmt`romb mb t`rs`cut. t`rs`cut. V`eokjjm V`eokjjm lmgmr subhur godlsogm ymkj goemsoblmk db`e p`nrds`smk okgustro aujm smkjmt  cmkyml. Vubhur godlsogm aujm goemsoblmk db`e Y`ncmkjlot Y`ncmkjlot bostrol. Y`kf`nmrmk db`e subhur godlsogm gmpmt n`ncmemymlmk l`s`emtmk nmku nm kuso somm

nubm nubmoo

gmro gmro or orot otms mso, o, jmkj jmkjju jumk mk p` p`rk rkmh mhms msmk mk,,

eo eokj kjjm jm l` l`nm nmto tomk mk..

Y`kf`nmrmk subhur godlsogm aujm c`rgmnpml curul cmjo tuncuemk gmk aujm e`wmk. V`bmok otu p`kf`nmrmk db`e subhur godlsogm aujm gmpmt n`ky`cmclmk rusmlkym cmkjukmk gmro s`jo strultur, tmnpobmk, gmk unur j`gukj t`rs`cut.

=

 

O. O.₃. ₃. Wuau Wuaumk mk

=. Pktul n`kj`tmeuo n`kj`tmeuo gmk n`nmemno n`nmemno t`ktmkj t`ktmkj Vubhur Vubhur godlsogm. godlsogm. ₃. Pktul n`kj`tmeuo n`kj`tmeuo gmnpml gmnpml mgmkym mgmkym Vubhur Vubhur godlsog godlsogmm cmjo nmlebu nmlebul l eogup. eogup. 6. Pktu Pktul l n`kj n`kj`t `tme meuo uo fmrm fmrm n`km n`kmkj kjju jubm bmkj kjoo p` p`kf kf`n `nmr mrmk mk db db`e `e Vubh Vubhur  ur  godlsogm. 7. Pktul n`nmemno n`nmemno prds`s prds`s p`nc`ktul p`nc`ktulmk mk Vubhur Vubhur godlsogm. godlsogm.

O.6.. Sunusm O.6 Sunusmk k Nmsmbm Nmsmbme e

=. Mpm ymkj ymkj gonm gonmlsu lsug g g`kjmk g`kjmk Vubh Vubhur ur godlso godlsogm gm 4 ₃. Mpm smam smam sunc`r sunc`r p`kje p`kjemsob msob gmro gmro Vubhu Vubhurr godlso godlsogm gm 4 6. Cmjmonmkm Cmjmonmkm prds`s p`nc`ktul p`nc`ktulmk mk Vubhur Vubhur godlsog godlsogm4 m4 7. Mpm gmnp gmnpml ml gmro gmro p`kf`n p`kf`nmrm mrmk k Vubhur Vubhur godl godlsog sogmm 4

₃

 

CMC OO WOKAMPMK YPVWMLM =.

Vohmt gmk lmrmlt`rostol Vubhur Godlsogm (VD₃)

Vubhur godlsogm mgmbme s`kymwm ymkj goc`ktul gmro ldncokmso uksur  subhur gmk dlsoj`k. Vubhur godlsogm togml nugme t`rcmlmr mtmu n`b`gml cmol  gmbmn c`ktul jms nmupuk fmormk. Vubhur godlsogm mgmbme cmemk lonom ymkj r`bmtoh stmcob. V`kymwm oko n`rupmlmk jms c`rmfuk g`kjmk cmu n`ky`kjmt ymkj gob`pmslmk db`e jukukj c`rmpo gmk c`c`rmpm p`nrds`smk p`nrds`s mk okgustro. Vubhur godlsogm mgmbme smbme smtu sp`so`s gmro jms-jms dlsogm subhur  (VDx). (VDx ). Jms oko smkjmt nugme t`rbmrut gmbmn mor, n`nobolo cmu kmnuk togml   c`rwmrkm. V`cmjmonmkm D6, p`kf`nmr s`lukg`r ymkj t`rc`ktul gmro VD₃, s`p`rto pmrtol`b subhmt, gmpmt c`rpokgme gmk t`rg`pdsoso amue gmro sunc`rkym. VD₃ gmk jms-jms dlsogm subhur bmokkym t`rc`ktul smmt t`ramgo p`ncmlmrmk  cmemk cmlmr hdsob ymkj n`kjmkgukj n`kjmkgukj subhur.

Wmc`b OO.=. Vohmt gmk lmrmlt`rostol Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃) Vohmt

L`t`rmkjmk C`b`rmkj Godlsogm C`b`rmkj mkeogrogm

 Kmnm OPYMF  Kmnm Bmok Sunus lonom Nmssm ndbmr Y`kmnpobmk G`ksotms Wotol b`cur Wotol gogoe L`bmrutmk gmbmn mor W`lmkmk ump L`msmnmk (pLm) L`cmsmmk (pLc) Xosldsotms Jrup rumkj J`dn`tro lddrgokmso C`ktul ndb`lub Ndn`k gopdb

Vubhur(OX) dxog` V D₃ 87.988 j ndb∓= Jms tml c`rwmrkm ₃.8₃55 lj n∓6 ∓:₃ ¹F< ∓?5 ¹H< ₃9= L   ∓=9 ¹F (=7 ¹H< ₃86 L) ?7 j gn∓6 ₃6:.₃ lYm =.5= =₃.=? 9.796 fY (mt 9 ¹F)  

F ₃v

Gojdkmb Goe`grmb =.8₃ G 6

 

₃.

@ktrdpo ndbmr stmkgmr   ((V d)

∓= ₃75.₃₃6 A L∓= ndb  

@ktmbpo p`nc`ktulmk stmkgmr  (Η  (Ηh  E d)

-₃?8.5= lA ndb∓=

Vunc`r Y`kjemsob Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃)

VD₃ VD ₃ gm gmk k jm jms-j s-jms ms dl dlso sogm gm subh subhur ur bm bmok okky kymm t` t`rc rc`k `ktu tul l smmt smmt t` t`ra ramg mgoo  p`ncmlmrmk cmemk cmlmr hdsob ymkj n`kjmkgukj subhur. Vubhur s`kgoro t`rgmpmt gmbmn emnpor s`num nmt`romb n`ktme ymkj c`bun godbme s`p`rto nokyml n`ktme, cmtu cmrm, gmk coaoe-coaoe ymkj n`kjmkgukj n`tmb s`p`rto mbunukoun, t`ncmjm, s`kj, toncmb, gmk c`so. Go gm`rme p`rldtmmk, ymkj n`kamg n`k amgoo sunp`r sunp`r subhur subhur utmnm utmnm mgmbme mgmbme l`jomt l`jomtmk mk p`nmkj p`nmkjlot lot t`kmjm t`kmjm bostrol bostrol,, t`rutmnm ymkj n`kjjukmlmk cmtu cmrm mtmupuk nokyml go`s`b s`cmjmo cmemk  cmlmrkym, aujm jms cumkj gmro l`kgmrmmk ymkj n`kjjukmlmk go`s`b gmk okgust okg ustro-o ro-okgu kgustro stro ymkj ymkj n`kjju n`kjjukml kmlmk mk cmemk cmemk cmlmr cmlmr cmtu cmtu cmrm cmrm gmk nokyml  nokyml  n`ktme. Y`kf`nmrmk VDx gougmrm t`rutmnm c`rmsmb gmro p`nmlmomk cmru cmrm ymkj gojukmlmk pmgm l`jomtmk okgustro, trmkspdrtmso, gmk bmok s`cmjmokym. C`b`rmkj gmbmn cmtu cmrm c`rupm nok`rmb c`so p`rotos mtmu H`V₃ gmk gmpmt  pubm c`rc`ktul nok`rmb bdjmn subhogm bmokkym s`p`rto YcV, EjV, QkV, FuH`V₃ FuH `V₃ gmk Fu₃V. Gmbmn prds`s prds`s okgust okgustro ro c`so c`so gmk cmam cmam (tmkur (tmkur bdjmn) bdjmn)  cmkyml goemsoblmk VDx lmr`km nok`rmb-nok`rmb bdjmn cmkyml t`rolmt gmbmn  c`ktul subhogm. Ymgm prds`s p`b`curmk subhogm bdjmn goucme n`kamgo dlsogm bdjmn. Yrds`s oko aujm s`lmbojus n`kjeobmkjlmk c`b`rmkj gmro lmkgukjmk bdjmn lmr`km c`b`rmkj n`rupmlmk p`kjdtdr bdjmn. Ymgm sueu tokjjo subhogm bdjmn nugme godlsogm n`kamgo dlsogm bdjmn n`bmbuo r`mlso c`rolut 1

₃QkV + 6D₃ >; ₃QkD + ₃VD₃ ₃YcV + 6D₃ >; ₃YcD + ₃VD₃

V`bmok V`b mok sunc`r sunc`r mbmno mbmno (jukuk (jukukj j c`rmpo c`rmpo mtmu mtmu pmkms pmkms cuno), cuno), sunc`r  sunc`r   p`kjemsob Vubhur dlsogm aujm mgm pmgm c`c`rmpm t`npmt, sunc`r 

7

 

mktrdp mkt rdpdj` dj`kol kol,, p`ncml p`ncmlmrmk mrmk cmemk cmemk cmlmr cmlmr hdsob hdsob ymkj ymkj n`kjmk n`kjmkguk gukj j subhur subhur,,  pmcrol p`ncmlmrmk, p`rtmncmkjmk gmk p`kjdbmemk bdjmn, p`nmkmsmk gdn`stol gmk p`nmkmsmk gostrol.

6.

Y`nc`ktulmk Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃)

Y`kf`n Y`k f`nmrm mrmk k db`e db`e subhur subhur dlsogm dlsogm t`rutmn t`rutmnmm gos`cm gos`cmclm clmk k db`e db`e gum ldnpdk`k subhur c`ktul jms ymkj togml c`rwmrkm, ymotu subhur godlsogm (VD₃) (VD ₃) gmk Vubhur Vubhur trodls trodlsogm ogm (VD6), (VD6), gmk l`gumk l`gumkym ym gos`cu gos`cutt subhur subhur dlsogm dlsogm (VDx). Vubhur godlsogm n`npukymo lmrmlt`rostol cmu ymkj tmamn gmk togml  nugme t`rcmlmr gougmrm, s`gmkjlmk subhur trodlsogm n`rupmlmk ldnpdk`k ymkj togml r`mltoh. Y` Y`nc ncml mlmr mrmk mk

cmem cmemkk-cm cmem emk k

ym ymkj kj

n`kj n`kjmk mkgu gukj kj

Vubh Vubhur ur

ml mlmk mk

n`kjemsoblmk l`gum c`ktul subhur dlsogm, t`tmpo aunbme r`bmtov` nmsokjnmsokj togml gop`kjmrueo db`e aunbme dlsoj`k ymkj t`rs`gom. Go ugmrm VD₃ s`bmbu t`rc`ktul gmbmn aunbme c`smr. Aunbme VD6 ymkj t`rc`ktul c`rvmromso gmro = smnpmo =9% gmro tdtmb VDx. N`lmkosn` p`nc`ktulmk VDx gmpmt gotuboslmk gmbmn gum tmemp r`mlso s`cmjmo c`rolut 1 V + D₃ 2 --------- ; VD₃ ₃ VD₃ + D₃ 2 --------- ; ₃VD6 VD6 go ugmrm gmbmn c`ktul jms emkym nukjlok mgm aolm ldks`ktrmso ump mor smkjmt r`kgme. Aolm ldks`ktrmso ump mor smkjmtr`kgme. Aolm ump mor  t`rgmp t`r gmpmt mt gmb gmbmn mn aunbme aunbme fulup fulup,, VD6 gmk ump mor mlmk mlmk s`j`rm s`j`rm c`rjmc c`rjmcukj ukj n`nc`ktul grdpb`t msmn subhmt (E₃VD7) g`kjmk r`mlso s`cmjmo c`rolut 1 VD₃ + E₃D₃ ------------ ; E₃VD7 Ldnpdk`k ymkj kdrnmb t`rgmpmt go ugmrm culmk VD6 n`bmoklmk E₃VD7. W`tmpo aunbme E₃VD7 go mtndshor b`coe cmkyml gmro pmgm ymkj goemsoblmk gmro `noso VD6 emb oko n`kukaullmk cmewm prdgulso E₃VD7 aujm  c`rmsmb gmro n`lmkosn` bmokkym. V`t`bme c`rmgm gomtndshor s`cmjmo VD₃ mlmk goucme n`kamgo VD6 (L`nug (L` nugomk omk n`kamg n`kamgoo E₃VD7) E₃VD7) db`e db`e prds`sprds`s-prd prds`s s`s hdtdbo hdtdbotol tol gmk lmtmbo lmtmbotol  tol 

0

 

Aunbme VD₃ ymkj t`rdlsogmso n`kamgo VD6 gop`kjmrueo db`e c`c`rmpm hmltdr  t`rnmsul aunbme mor ymkj t`rs`gom, okt`ksotms, wmltu gmk gostrocuso sp`ltrun sokm sokmrr nmtm nmtmem emro ro,, au aunb nbme me cm cmem emk k lm lmtm tmbo bol, l, cm cmem emk k sdrp sdrpto tohh gm gmk k mblmb mblmbok ok ym ymkj kj t`rs`gom. Ymgm nmbmn emro mtmu ldkgoso b`ncmc mtmu s`bmnm euamk VD₃ go ugmrm gomcdrpso db`e grdpb`t mor mblmbok gmk c`r`mlso pmgm l`f`pmtmk t`rt`ktu uktul n`nc`ktul subhmt go gmbmn grdpb`t.   7.

Gmnpml Y`kf`nmrmk Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃)

=. Gmnp Gmnpml ml cmj cmjoo Nmku Nmkuso somm Jms VD₃ t`bme bmnm gol`kmb s`cmjmo jms ymkj gmpmt n`ky`cmclmk orotmso orotmso pmgm pmgm sost`n sost`n p`rkmh p`rkmhmsmk msmk,, s`p`rt s`p`rtoo pmgm pmgm s`bmpu s`bmputt b`kgor b`kgor eogukj eogukj,, t`kj t`kjjd jdrd rdlm lmk k gm gmk k sm smbu burm rmk k ug ugmrm mrm go pm pmru ru-p -pmru mru.. @h`l @h`l l` l`s` s`em emtm tmk k ok okoo n`kamg n`ka mgoo b`co b`coe e cu curu rul l pm pmgm gm p` p`kg kg`ro `rotm tm msnm. msnm. Go smnpo smnpokj kj otu otu VD₃ VD₃ t`rldkv`rso go ugmrm n`kamgo p`kf`nmr s`lukg`r s`p`rto m`rdsdb subhmt. M`rdsdbb ymkj goemsoblmk M`rdsd goemsoblmk s`cmjmo s`cmjmo p`kf`nmr p`kf`nmr s`lukg`r s`lukg`r ununkym ununkym n`npuk n`n pukymo ymo ulurmk ulurmk ymkj ymkj smkjmt smkjmt embus embus s`eokj s`eokjjm jm gmpmt gmpmt t`reosmp t`reosmp l` gmbmn sost`n p`rkmhmsmk cmwme. M`rdsdb subhmt ymkj nmsul l` gmbmn smburmk p`rkmhmsmk gmpmt n`ky`cmclmk gmnpml l`s`emtmk ymkj b`coe  c`rmt gmro pmgm pmrtol`b-pmrtol`b bmokkym lmr`km n`npukymo sohmt ld ldrd rdsoh soh gm gmk k lm lmrs rsok okdj dj`k `k.. Db`e Db`e lm lmr`k r`kmm jm jmss VD₃ VD₃ c` c`rp rpdt dt`k `kso so uk uktu tul  l  n`kj n` kjem emso sobl blmk mk m` m`rd rdsd sdbb su subh bhmt mt s` s`cm cmjm jmoo p`kf p`kf`n `nmr mr s`luk s`lukg` g`r, r, lm lmsu suss  p`kokjlmtmk mkjlm l`nmtomk lmr`km l`jmjmbmk p`rkmhmsmk t`rutmnm  pmgm drmkj tum gmk mkml-mkml s`rokj s `rokj c`reucukjmk g`kjmk ldks`ktrmso VD₃ gmk pmrtolubmt s`fmrm c`rsmnmmk. Gmbmn c`ktul jms, VD₃ gmpmt n`ky`cmclmk orotmso pmgm pmru-pmru ymkj ymk j n`ky`c n`ky`cmcl mclmk mk toncub toncubkym kym l`subo l`subotmk tmk c`rkmh c`rkmhms, ms, t`rutm t`rutmnm nm pmgm pmgm l`bdnpdl drmkj ymkj s`ksotoh s`p`rto drmkj c`rp`kymlot msnm, mkmlmkml gmk bmksom. VD₃ aujm nmnpu c`r`mlso g`kjmk s`kymwm lonom bmok n`nc`ktul n`nc `ktul pmrtol`b subhmt ymkj aolm t`reorup t`reorup gmpmt t`rmlunubmso t`rmlunubmso go  pmru-pmru gmk n`ky`cmclmk l`subotmk c`rkmhms, p`kymlot p`rkmpmsmk, gmk cmelmk l`nmtomk.

8

 

₃. Gmnp Gmnpml ml cm cmjo jo Wunc Wuncue uemk mk Vubhur Vub hur godlso godlsogm gm aujm aujm c`rcme c`rcmemym mym cmjo cmjo tmkmnm tmkmnmk. k. Mgmkym Mgmkym jms oko  pmgm ldks`ktrmso tokjjo gmpmt n`ncukue amrokjmk pmgm gmuk. Yokjjormk gmuk gmk gm`rme gomktmrm tubmkj-tubmkj gmuk rusml. V`fmrm lrdkos lrdk os VD₃ n`ky`cmcl n`ky`cmclmk mk t`ramgokym t`ramgokym lebdrdsos. lebdrdsos. L`rusmlmk tmkmnmk tmkmnmk okomlmk gop`rpmrme g`kjmk l`kmolmk l`b`ncmcmk ugmrm. VD₃ gougmrm mlmk c`rucme n`kamgo msmn subhmt. Db`e lmr`km otu, go gm`rme g`kjmk mgmkym p`kf`nmrmk db`e VD₃ ymkj fulup tokjjo, tmkmnmk mlmk rusml  db`e m`rdsdb msmn subhmt. Lmgmr VD₃ ymkj tokjjo go eutmk n`ky`cmclmk kdgm putoe mtmu fdlbmt pmgm p`rnulmmk gmuk, aolm emb oko t`ramgo gmbmn amkjlm wmltu ymkj bmnm ymkj bmnm mlmk mlmk n`ky`c n`ky`cmcl mclmk mk l`nmto l`nmtomk mk tuncue tuncuemk mk t`rs`cu t`rs`cut. t. Gmro Gmro mk mkmb mbos osos os gmuk gmuk ymkj ymkj t`rl t`rl`k `kmm g` g`pd pdso soso so ms msmn mn n`ku n`kuka kaul ullm lmk k lm lmgm gmr  r  nmjk`soun ymkj r`kgme. V`gmkjlmk nmjk`soun n`rupmlmk smbme smtu kutroso kutro so mss`ksomb mss`ksomb cmjo tmkmnmk. tmkmnmk. L`lurmkjmk L`lurmkjmk nmjk`soun nmjk`soun gos`cmclmk gos`cmclmk db`e db` e p`kfuf p`kfufomk omk nmjk`so nmjk`soun un gmro gmro tmkme tmkme lmr`km lmr`km pE ymkj ymkj r`kgme r`kgme gmk l`rusmlmk gmuk n`y`cmclmk p`kfufomk nmjk`soun go gmuk. Gmbmn s`aunbme lmsus t`ramgo s`b`lso j`k`tol gogmbmn c`c`rmpm ldnukotms tmkmnmk mbmnome t`remgmp gmym tmemk p`kf`nmrmk mtndsh`r. Y`kjmrue Y`kj mrue subhur godlsogm godlsogm gmk pr`sopotmso pr`sopotmso msmn pmbokj pmbokj kymtm gmk curul  gm gmbmn bmn `l `lds dsost ost`n `n eu eutmk tmk ym ymkj kj c` c`rc rcmt mtmsm msmk k g` g`kj kjmk mk p` p`b` b`cu curmk rmk mt mtmu mu  c`c`rmpm sunc`r pusmt p`kf`nmrmk bmokkym. V`ambmk g`kjmk p`k`botomk bmokkym, sp`so`s bunut c`rtmncme gmk gov`rsovotms n`kokjlmt g`kjmk n`kokjlmtk n`kok jlmtkym ym amrml gmro j`gukj j`gukj gocmkgokjl gocmkgokjlmk mk g`kjmk g`kjmk soso mrus mkjok kmol. A`kos p`pdedkmk t`rt`ktu, sw``t corfe gmk pokus putoe, gol`tmeuo  pmbokj r`ktmk t`remgmp p`kf`nmrmk mtndsh`r. 6. Gmnp Gmnpml ml cmjo cmjo E`wm E`wmk k V`cmjmonmkm tuncuemk, e`wmk aujm n`nobolo mncmkj tdb`rmkso t`remg t`r emgmp mp euamk euamk msmn. msmn. Vp`so`s Vp`so`s e`wmk e`wmk tmkme tmkme ymkj ymkj nolrds nolrdsldp ldpos os mlmk mlmk bmk bmkjs jsuk ukj j nmto mto sm smmt mt pE tmk tmkme n`k `kok okj jlmt lmr mr`k `kmm sohm sohmtt e`wm e`wmk k

:

 

nolrds nol rdsldp ldpos os mgmbme mgmbme smkjmt smkjmt sp`soho sp`sohol l gmk r`ktmk r`ktmk t`remgm t`remgmp p p`rucm p`rucmemk emk bokjlukjmk ymkj `lstron. Vp`so`s e`wmk ymkj bmok aujm mlmk t`rmkfmn lm lmr`k r`kmm au aunb nbme me pr prdg dgus us`k `k (t (tun uncu cuem emk) k) s`nml s`nmlok ok s`gol s`golot ot.. C`rc C`rcmj mjmo mo  p`kymlot aujm mlmk t`ramgo pmgm e`wmk lmr`km lubotkym t`rl`km mor  g`kjmk l`msmnmk tokjjo. Emb oko a`bms mlmk n`ky`cmclmk l`pukmemk sp`so`s. 7. Gmnp Gmnpml ml cmj cmjoo Bok Bokjl jluk ukjm jmk k Wokjjokym lmgmr VD₃ go ugmrm n`rupmlmk smbme smtu p`ky`cmc t`ramgokym euamk msmn.Euamk msmn gos`cmclmk db`e c`b`rmkj (subhur) ymkj n`rupmlmk p`kjdtdr gmbmn cmemk cmlmr hdsob s`rtm kotrdj`k go ugmrm ymkj c`r`mlso g`kjmk dlsoj`k n`nc`ktul subhur godlsogm gmk kotrdj`k dlsogm. Qmt-zmt oko c`rgohuso l` mtndsh`r gmk c`r`mlso g`kjmk mor uktul n`nc`ktul msmn subhmt gmk msmn kotrmt ymkj nugme bmrut s`eokjjm amtue c`rsmnm mor euamk. Mor euamk ymkj msmn t`rs`cut mlmk n`kokjlmtlmk lmgmr l`msmnmk tmkme gmk mor p`rnulmmk ymkj t`rculto c`rcmemym cmjo l`eogupmk olmk gmk tmkmnm tmkmnmk. k. L`b`co L`b`coemk emk zmt msmn pmgm pmgm gmkmu gmkmu mlmk mlmk n`kjml n`kjmlocm ocmtlm tlmk k s`golo s`g olotky tkymm sp`fo` sp`fo`ss ymkj ymkj c`rtme c`rtmemk. mk. A`kos A`kos Ybmklt Ybmkltdk dk gmk okv`rt okv`rt`cr `crmt` mt` n`ru n` rupm pmlm lmk k nmel nmelbu bul l ym ymkj kj pm pmbo bokj kj p` p`rt rtmn mnmm nmto nmto ml mloc ocmt mt p` p`kj kjmr mrue ue  p`kjmsmnmk 0. Gmnp Gmnpml ml pm pmgm gm cm cmkj kjuk ukmk mk L`rusmlmk L`rusml mk db`e db`e p`kf`n p`kf`nmrmk mrmk VD₃ VD₃ aujm aujm gombmn gombmnoo db`e db`e cmkjuk cmkjukmk mk ymkj cmemk-cmemkkym s`p`rto cmtu lmpur, cmtu pumbmn, gdbdnot mlmk gorusml db`e VD₃ gmro ugmrm. @h`l gmro l`rusmlmk oko mlmk tmnpml pmgm  p`kmnpobmkkym, okt`jrotms strultur, gmk unur gmro j`gukj t`rs`cut. Mkfmnmk s`rous aujm gmpmt t`ramgo pmgm cmjukmk tum s`rtm ndkun`kt t`rnmsul fmkgo gmk pmtukj. Euamk msmn gmpmt n`rusml cmtumk s`cmc mlmk n`bmrutlmk lmbsoun lmrcdkmt, lmrcdkmt, n`kokjjmblmk n`kokjjmblmk lrostmb pmgm cmtumk cmtumk ymkj t`bme n`kjump. V`p`rto V`p`rto embkym embkym sohmt lrostmb s`nmlok cmkyml mlmk n`rusml cmtumk.

5

 

0.

Nmkhmmt Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃)

Jms Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃) s`cmjomk c`smr gojukmlmk s`cmjmo cmemk  p`kjmw`t, n`kurut s`amrme p`kjjukmmk VD₃ s`cmjmo p`kjmw`t sugme gobmlulmk db`e cmkjsm Sdnmwo gmbmn prds`s p`ncumtmk nokunmk mkjjur  g`kjmk g`k jmk fmrm n`ncml n`ncmlmr mr s`golo s`golott t`npmt t`npmt p`kyon p`kyonpmk pmkmk mk nokunm nokunmk k mkjjur  mkjjur  g`kjmk g`k jmk bobok bobok ymkj ymkj t`rcum t`rcumtt gmro gmro c`b`rmk c`b`rmkj j mtmu subhur subhur s`eokj s`eokjjm jm nokunm nokunmk k mkjjur mlmk t`tmp s`jmr gmk togml n`ncumt cmu l`fut mtmu msmn. Vmmt oko, p`kjjukmmk Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃) gmpmt got`nulmk pmgm dcmt-dcmtmk gmk nmlmkmk. Gmbmn okgustro nmlmkmk, VD₃ gojukmlmk s`cmjmo  cmemk p`kjmw`t nmlmkmk s`p`rto mfmr cmwmkj, l`ktmkj ymkj gol`rokjlmk, mgdkmk pozzm, a`bby, s`bmo, sorup nmpb`, gmk smus. Vmbmg cume ymkj gol`nms gmbmn lmb`kj mtmu cdtdb gmpmt n`kjmkgukj VD₃ uktul n`kjmw`tlmk wmrkm  cume s`jmr. Nokunmk c`rmbldedb s`p`rto n`kjmkgukj subhot s`cmjmo cmemk p`kjmw`t.

c``r gmk bmokkym gmpmt

C`c`rmp C`c `rmpmm Okgust Okgustro ro ymkj ymkj n`nmkh n`nmkhmmtl mmtlmk mk Vubhur Vubhur Godlso Godlsogm gm mgmbme mgmbme  p`trdb`un, pubp mkg pmp`r, j`bms (lmfm), p`nmkos cumtmk, nokunmk, tmncmkj, tmncm kj, p`kjdbmemk p`kjdbmemk mor gmk mor boncme, boncme, bomt, gmym bostrol, t`lstob, p`rtmkomk gmk lonom.  

?

 

CMC OOO L@VONYPBMK   OO.6O.=.L`sonpubmk

Gmro p`ncmemsmk t`ktmkj Vubhur godlsogm (VD₃) gmpmt gosonpublmk  c`c`rmpm emb ymotu 1 =. Vubhur Vubhur godlsogm godlsogm mgmbme mgmbme s`kymwm s`kymwm ymkj ymkj goc`ktul goc`ktul gmro gmro ldncokmso ldncokmso uksur  uksur  subhur gmk dlsoj`k V`kymwm oko n`rupmlmk jms c`rmfuk g`kjmk cmu n`ky`k n`k y`kjmt jmt ymkj ymkj gob`pm gob`pmslmk slmk db`e db`e ju jukuk kukj j c`rmpo c`rmpo gmk c`c`rm c`c`rmpm pm  p`nrds`smk okgustry. Vubhur godlsogm mgmbme smbme smtu sp`so`s gmro jms-jms dlsogm subhur (VDx). ₃. Vunc`r Vunc`r p`kjem p`kjemsob sob Vubhur Vubhur godlso godlsogm gm mktmrm mktmrm bmok sunc`r sunc`r mbmno ymkj ymkj  c`rmsmb gmro jukukj c`rmpo mtmu pmkms cuno, sunc`r mktrdpdj`kol,  p`ncmlmrmk

cmemk

cmlmr

hdsob

ymkj

n`kjmkgukj

subhur,

 p`rtmncmkjmk gmk p`kjdbmemk bdjmn, p`nmkmsmk gdn`stol gmk  p`nmkmsmk gostrol, l`jomtmk p`nmkjlot t`kmjm bostrol, t`rutmnm ymkj n`kjju n`k jjukml kmlmk mk cmtu cmtu cmrm cmrm mtmu puk nokyml nokyml go`s`b go`s`b s`cmjm s`cmjmoo cmemk cmemk  cmlmrkym, aujm jms cumkj gmro l`kgmrmmk l`kgmrmmk ymkj n`kjjukmlmk go`s`b. 6. Y` Y`nc nc`k `ktu tulm lmk k subh subhur ur godl godlso sogm gm c` c`rm rmsm smbb gm gmro ro pr prds ds`s `s p` p`nc ncml mlmr mrmk mk  cmemk-cmemk ymkj n`kjmkgukj subhur ymkj l`nugomk mlmk n`kjemsoblmk l`gum c`ktul subhur dlsogm (VD₃ gmk VD6), t`tmpo  aunbme r`bmtov` nmsokj-nmsokj togml gop`kjmrueo db`e aunbme dlsoj`k ymkj t`rs`gom. Go ugmrm VD₃ s`bmbu t`rc`ktul gmbmn aunbme  c`smr. Aunbme VD6 ymkj t`rc`ktul c`rvmromso gmro = smnpmo =9% gmro tdtmb VDx. 7. Gmnpml Gmnpml p`kf`n p`kf`nmrm mrmk k db`e db`e Vubhur Vubhur godlsogm godlsogm gombmn gombmnoo db`e db`e nmkusom, nmkusom, tmkmnmk, e`wmk, bokjlukjmk, gmk aujm strultur cmkjukmk. V`fmrm unun unu n gmnpml gmnpml cmjo cmjo l`eogu l`eogupmk pmk nmlebu nmlebul l eogup eogup ymotu ymotu l`s`em l`s`emtmk tmk t`rj t`rjmk mkjj jju u

gmk gmk

cmel cmelmk mk sm smnp npmo mo n`ky n`ky`c `cmc mclm lmk k

l` l`nm nmto tomk mk gm gmk k

 pukmekym sp`so`s. V`gmkjlmk pmgm bokjlukjmk mlmk n`ky`cmclmk

=9

 

euamn msmn. Y`kf`nmrmk db`e subhur godlsogm aujm gmpmt n`rusml  ldkstrulso cmkjukmk. GMHWMS YPVWMLM

Nuemnnmg, Kur.₃9=7„Cmemk Y`kjmw`t Nmlmkmk„(ettp1//kurnuemnnmgseogoq.  

cbdjspdt.fdn /₃9=7/97/ cmemk- p`kjmw`t-nmlmkmk.etnb). Gomls`s pmgm :

 

G`s`nc`r ₃9=? pulub =8.=6 ZOC

Mkdkon.₃9=6.„Vubhurr Godlsogm„( ettps1//p`kj`k-tmu.w``cby.fdn/subhurMkdkon.₃9=6.„Vubhu ettps1//p`kj`k-tmu.w``cby.fdn/subhur  godlsogm.etnb). Gomls`s pmgm : G`s`nc`r ₃9=? pulub pulub =7.07 ZOC. Mkdkon.₃9=:.„C`b`rmkj godlsogm„(ettps1//og.wolop`gom.drj/wolo/C`b`rmkjT  godlsogm„(ettps1//og.wolop`gom.drj/wolo/C`b`rmkjT   godlsogm). Gomls`s pmgm : G`s`nc`r G`s `nc`r ₃9=? pulub =0.₃0 ZOC. Mkdkon.₃9=5.„Vubhurr Godlsogm„(ettp1//www.mk`lmjms.fdn/og/prdguft/pmj`sMkdkon.₃9=5.„Vubhu Godlsogm„(ettp1//www.mk`lmjms.fdn/og/prdguft/pmj`s  g`tmob/subhur-godlsogm). Gomls`s pmgm : G`s`nc`r G`s`nc`r ₃9=? pulu pulubb =0.6: ZOC

==