Substation Overview

Substation Overview

THE ROUTE OF THE ELECTRICITY

2

THE ROUTE OF THE ELECTRICITY

2

LOAD AND CUSTOMER RELAT RELATION ION

3

Trans!ission Networ"



Typical Voltages Transmission  #$% "&  %'' "&  3% "&  23' "&  (3) "&  ((% "&

Sub-Transmission  $* "&  $ "& Distribution +ri!ar,  –   –   – 

3 "& (2 "&  "&

Se-on.ar,  –   –  %

2' &o/ts (2' &o/ts

Substation Con0i1urations

Substations 

Fun-tion • • • •

#

Swit-in1 &o/ta1e Trans0or!ation +rote-tive Re/a,in1 +ase Si0t

Substation S,ste!s 

T,es o0 4us Con0i1urations 5In Or.er o0 In-reasin1 Re/ative Re/iabi/it,6 • • • • •

)

Sin1/e bus sin1/e brea"er  Main an. trans0er bus Rin1 bus 4rea"er an. a a/0  Doub/e bus .oub/e brea"er 

Substation S,ste!s 

Sin1/e 4us 7 Sin1/e 4rea"er 5Ra.ia/ 4us6

MAIN 4US

TRANSMISSION LINES

*

8

8

Substation S,ste!s 

Sin1/e 4us 7 Sin1/e 4rea"er  •

 A.vanta1es 9 Low -ost 9 S!a// 0ootrint

•

Disa.vanta1es 9 9 9 9

('

Re/iabi/it, Ran"in1 : ( 5Lowest6 4us 0au/t or brea"er 0ai/ure .e7ener1i;es entire substation Nee. to .e7ener1i;e bus in or.er to e OC4s Low Oeratin1 Noise No Oi/ Han./in1Seea1e Less Fre=uent Maintenan-e Lower Ener1, Oerator  Foun.ation Rea-tion 7 S!a// to None No Heaters 0or 8as Li=ue0a-tion 5Lower 8as +ressure6 No 8as Co!ressorsHi1 +ressure Sea/s

Substation E=ui!ent 

 Air 4rea" Swit- •

•

Swit-in1 Devi-e .esi1ne. to -/ose an. oen an e/e-tri- -ir-uit b, !eans o0 1ui.e. -onta-ts tat searate in air  Dis-onne-t Swit- 9 Fun-tions ♦

Current Carr,in1 Caabi/it, 9 9

♦



Nor!a/ Loa. Currents Sort Cir-uit Currents

E=ui!ent Iso/ation 7 &isib/e air 1a 0or -onstru-tion an. !aintenan-e

Substation E=ui!ent 

Dis-onne-t Swit- T,es • • • •

&erti-a/ 4rea" Sin1/e Si.e 4rea" Doub/e Si.ebrea" Center 4rea" 9 Conventiona/ 9 G& T,e

•

%

+anto1ra

(3)"& Doub/e Si.ebrea" Dis-onne-t Swit-

$

Substation E=ui!ent 

#

Centerbrea" Dis-onne-t Swit-

Substation E=ui!ent 

Instru!ent Trans0or!ers •

Current Trans0or!ers 9 Trans0or! Lar1e Currents at Hi1 &o/ta1e to ' t o % A!s 0or Re/a,in1 > Meterin1 9 Lo-ate. on E=ui!ent or Freestan.in1

•

+otentia/ Trans0or!ers 5+Ts or &Ts6 9 Trans0or! Hi1 &o/ta1es to $* &o/ts or (2' &o/ts 0or Re/a,in1 > Meterin1 9 oun. +ri!ar, 9 Sin1/e or Dua/ Se-on.ar, in.in1s

)

Substation E=ui!ent 

*

Freestan.in1 CTs

Substation E=ui!ent 

Instru!ent Trans0or!ers •

Caa-itan-e &o/ta1e Trans0or!er 5C&T6 9 9 9 9

%'

Caa-itor Sta-"7&o/ta1e Divi.er  Trans0or!er wit Sin1/e or Dua/ Se-on.ar, Trans0or! Hi1 &o/ta1es to $* &o/ts or (2' &o/ts 0or Re/a,in1 > Meterin1 Less Cost/, Tan +T&T at Hi1er &o/ta1es

(3)"& Current Trans0or!er 5CT6 > Caa-itan-e &o/ta1e Trans0or!er 5C&T6

%(

Substation E=ui!ent 

Sur1e 5Li1tnin16 Arresters • •

Usua//, Conne-te. +ase to 8roun. Fun-tion 9 Li!it Sur1e &o/ta1e at E=ui!ent to Leve/ 4e/ow E=ui!ent Insu/ation itstan. wit Suitab/e Mar1in 9 Nor!a/ 7 Hi1 I!e.an-e Litt/e to No Current Trou1 Arrester  9 O--urren-e o0 Sur1e 7 I!e.an-e Dros 7 Lar1e Current Trou1 Arrester  9  A0ter Sur1e 7 Interrut +ower Fo//ow Current 5Resea/6 an. Return to Nor!a/ 9 Dut, C,-/e : Sur1e 7 Fire 7 Dis-ar1e 7 Resea/

%2

Substation E=ui!ent 

%3

Sur1e Arresters

%''"& Sunt Rea-tor 5Oi/ I!!erse.6 > %''"& Sur1e Arrester 

%

Contro/ House 

Fun-tion •



eaterroo0 En-/osure 0or E=ui!ent

Contents • • • •

+rote-tive Re/a, > Contro/ +ane/s Me.iu! &o/ta1e 5% to 3%"&6 Swit-1ear   AC > DC Distribution +ane/s 4atteries > 4atter, Car1ers 9 Searate 4atter, Roo!5s6 9 E!er1en-, E,ewas

• •

%%

SCADA E=ui!ent Di1ita/ Fau/t Re-or.ers

Contro/ House

%$

Re/a, an. Contro/ +ane/s

%#

Contro/ House 

T,es •

+re7En1ineere. Meta/ 4ui/.in1s 9 Se/0 Fra!in1 9 Ri1i. Fra!e

• • •

%)

Loa. 4earin1 Masonr, 4ui/.in1s Stru-tura/ Stee/ Fra!e. 4ui/.in1s +re-ast+restresse. Con-rete 4ui/.in1s

Substation S,ste!s 

+rote-tive Re/a,in1 • • • • • •

%*

Trans0or!er +rote-tion Sunt Rea-tor +rote-tion Series Caa-itor +rote-tion Line +rote-tion 4us +rote-tion 4rea"er Fai/ure +rote-tion

Substation E=ui!ent 

$'

Contro/ > Re/a, +ane/s

Substation S,ste!s 

Co!!uni-ations 5Meto.s6 • • • •



Co!!uni-ations Use. For  • • • •

$(

+ower Line Carrier 53'73''"H;6 Fiber Oti-s Te/eone Lines Mi-rowave +rote-tive Re/a,in1 Monitorin1 > Contro/ 5SCADA6 Revenue Meterin1 Fau/t Data