SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

MV Girish, Girish, Commissioning engineers training, 2011-01-21 2011-01-21

Introduction to Substation Automation and IEC61850

Conventional Control & Protection 220 kV Switch Yard Double Busbar 

Cable Trenches

Protection panels

Control Board

400 kV Switch Yard 1/2 Circuit Breaker  Control Building

© ABB Group

Modern Substation Automation Monitoring & control from remote

220 kV line protection

Bay control 220 kV

Interbay bus

Transformer  protection Bay control 400 kV Busbar  protection

Local control Gateway

GPS

Bay Units

Printers Central Unit

400 kV line protection

© ABB Group

Eth. Switch

Interbay bus

Modern Substation Automation Network Control Center NCC

   l   e   v   e    L   n   o    i    t   a    t    S

ABBNetworkPartnerAG

C E

Inter Bay Bus

   l   e   v   e    L   y   a    B

   l   e   v   e    L   s   s   e   c   o   r    P

© ABB Group

COM581

-Q2

-Q0 -Q1

-Q9

-Q8

Future Substation Automation Network Control Center NCC

   l   e   v   e    L   n   o    i    t   a    t    S

ABBNetworkPartnerAG

COM581

C E

Inter Bay Bus

   l   e   v   e    L   y   a    B

M

M

M

?

LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATION

Process Bus

   l   e   v   e    L   s   s   e   c   o   r    P

© ABB Group

   A    S    I    P

   A    S    I   A    P

-Q2

-Q0 -Q1

-Q51

   A    A    S    S    I   A    I   B    P    P

-T1

-Q9

-Q8

Technical requirements for the standard Interoperability 

The ability for IED’s from one or  several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for the their own functions.

Free allocatio n 

The standard shall support different philosophies and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it must work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems.

L o n g t e r m s t ab i l i ty  

The standard shall be future proof , i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements.

© ABB Group

How to solve all these Technical requirements?   

Interoperability ! Free allocation ! Long term stability !

What features in a Substation and in a Substation Automation System  are changing slowly ?  are changing fast ?

What belongs really to the  the functions ?  the communication ?  to both ?

© ABB Group

 Approach of IEC 61850

Slow 

Application Domain Substation   y   g   o    l   o   n    h   c   e    T   n    i

How to make a future proof  standard ?

  e   g   n   a    h    C

Fast 

© ABB Group

DATA MODEL Objects Service

ISO/OSI seven layer  stack

Communication Technology

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Data model

   

© ABB Group

Communication and Logical Nodes Information is exchanged between all

which

comprise the system More

precisely, and

data

are exchanged between the residing in the devices

The smallest part of the function that exchanges data

and –very important –may be implemented separately in dedicated devices is called in The

is a related to some function but it is told often that the LN performs some operations for the overall function © ABB Group

Communication and Logical Nodes Information is exchanged between all

which

comprise the system More

precisely, and

data

are exchanged between the residing in the devices

The smallest part of the function that exchanges data

and –very important –may be implemented separately in dedicated devices is called in The

is a related to some function but it is told often that the LN performs some operations for the overall function © ABB Group

Examples of Logical Nodes close to the user  Control 

Q0/CSWI Q8/CSWI Q9/CSWI Bay-HMI 

IHMI Earthing Switch 

Q8_L1/XSWI G as d e n s i t y m o n .

Q8_L1/SIMG

Secondary technology

Isolator 

Q9_L1/XSWI G as d e n s i t y m o n .

Q9_L1/SIMG C i r c u i t B r e ak e r  

Distance  Protection 

Q0_L1/XCBR G as d e n s i t y m o n .

Q0_L1/SIMG © ABB Group

Primary technology

PDIS

Examples of LNs in devices (IEDs) Device Example: Station Workplace IHMI (Human Machine IF)

Device Example: Combined Protection and Control Unit CSWI

PDIS

(Switch Controller)

(Distance Protection)

TVTR (Voltage Transformer)

XCBR (Circuit Breaker)

Device Example: Circuit Breaker  © ABB Group

TCTR Device Example: Combisensor 

(Current Transformer)

The groups of LNs provided by IEC 61850



L System LN (2*)



P Protection (28)



R Protection related (10)



C Control (5)



G Generic (3)



I Interfacing and archiving (4)



A Automatic control (4)

M Metering and measurement (8)  S Sensor and monitoring (4)  X Switchgear (2)  T Instrument transformers (2)   Y Power transformers (4)  Z Further power system equipment (15) 

*) Number in brackets indicates the number of  LNs provided allocated to this group

Examples 

•

PDIF  : Differential protection

•

CSWI  : Switch controller 

•

R B R F :  Breaker failure

•

: Measurement unit  MMXU 

•

X C B R : Circuit breaker 

•

YPTR  : Power transformer 

© ABB Group

The model hierarchy (example) Physical Device (IED) defined as Server 

Bay Unit (name not standardized)

Implementation

Logical Device (LD)

Control (name not standardized)

Grouping

Logical Node (LN)

CSWI (Switch Control)

Data

Data (Object)

Pos (Position)

Property

Attribute Value

Attribute Value © ABB Group

ctlVal (Control Value/Command) off/on stVal (Status Value) Intermediate-state/off/on/bad-state

Device model according to IEC 61850 with the Logical Nodes for a combined protection-control L o g i c a l D ev i c e (L D ) f o r c o m m o n P D f e at u r e s  

LLN0

Physical Device (PD) “Bay Unit”

LPHD

Logical Nodes used LPHD

LPHD LLN0

LLN0

PDI S

Common properties

PDIS

Distance protection

PTOC

Time overcurrent protection

CSWI

Switch control

CILO

Interlocking

LPHD

Physical device information

CSWI PTOC

CILO

Logical Device (LD) “Line protection”  Logical Device (LD) “Bay control” 

© ABB Group

LLN0

Logical node and link concept

© ABB Group

From Signal List to Object List Signal list

………..

Object list

……….. ……….. ……….. ………..

LN XCBR

Circuit Breaker 

LN IHMI

Station HMI 

LN CSWI

Switch Controller 

……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ……….. ………..

Complete ?

© ABB Group

………..

Complete regarding mandatory data !

System Architecture (Example) Control Center

HMI

Engineering

Router 

Ethernet Ring with Switches

Bay Relay Controller   A

Modern Switchgear 

© ABB Group

Relay B

Modern CT / VT's

Bay Relay Controller   A

Modern Switchgear 

Relay B

Modern CT / VT's

IEC 61850 Documentation System Aspects

Data Models

Part 1: Introduction and Overview

Part 7-4:

Part 2: Glossary Part 3: General Requirements Part 4: System and Project Management Part 5: Comm. Requirements for Functions and Device Models

Part 7-3:

Abstract Communication Services Part 7-2: Part 7-1:

Part 6:

Configuration Language for electrical Substation IEDs

Testing Part 10:

© ABB Group

Conformance Testing

Abstract Communication Services (ACSI) Principles and Models

Mapping to real Comm. Networks (SCSM) Part 8-1:

Configuration

Compatible Logical Node Classes and Data Classes Common Data Classes

Part 9-1:

Mapping to MMS and to ISO/IEC 8802-3 Sampled Values over Serial Unidirectional Multidrop Point-to-Point link

Part 9-2:

Sampled values over ISO 8802-3

Engineering







© ABB Group

Engineering For the formal description is provided by the Substation Configuration description Language (SCL) based on XML  defined in part 6 of the standard (IEC 61850-6)  usable for   IED Configuration Description (ICD) files  System Configuration Description (SCD) file  System functional specification (SSD) 

the engineering information is exchangeable between tools !!! © ABB Group

SCL exchange during the engineering process Engineering environment

IED DB

IED Capabilities (LN, DO, etc)

Engineering Workplace

System Configurator 

IED Configurator  File transfer remote

File transfer local 

IED

© ABB Group

File transfers and   parameterization with IEC61850 services

Substation Gateway

SA system

IED

 Association, relation to Single line diagram,  preconfigured, reports, etc.

IED

IED