Subsea in 60 Minutes 7-15-02

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Subsea in Sixty Minutes!

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Umbilical PLEM Tree

UTA

Jumper Manifold

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Jumper

Control Pod

Flying Leads

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Why Subsea?

Drivers Drivers for for Using Using Subsea Subsea Systems Systems l l

Economics: production may not justify the CAPEX for a platform.

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Field reservoir areas may not be reached by delineated drilling from surface wells.

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The water depth may be too great to use a surface well platform.

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Early Production: fast-track development is required.

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SUBSEA SYSTEMS Advantages/ Advantages/ Disadvantages Disadvantages l l

Advantages - Eliminate or reduce CAPEX of platform - Cost burden transferred from CAPEX to OPEX - Construction cycle is conducive to fast-track projects - Suitable to phased projects

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Disadvantages - Complex hardware - Inaccessible for maintenance and repair. - Intervention is expensive and complex

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Field Configurations Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS

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Satellite Satellite Well Well Systems Systems

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Individual wells are tied directly to a host facility.

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Tiebacks can be single or multiple wells.

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Hosts can be SWP, TLP, SPAR, FPS, FPSO, etc.

SUBSEA EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS

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Template Template Manifold Manifold Systems Systems

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Wells are drilled and completed through template manifold.

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Central drilling center.

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Well targets reached via directional drilling.

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May have satellite wells tied back to manifold.

FIELD CONFIGURATIONS

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Well Well Cluster Cluster Systems Systems

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Wells Wells are are drilled drilled in in close close proximity proximity and and produce produce through through aa common common manifold. manifold.

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Batch Batch drilling drilling and and completion completion are are common. common.

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Components Components are are small small easily easily deployed deployed modular modular units. units.

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Subsea Wellheads Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

What is a Subsea Wellhead? The subsea wellhead is the interface between subsurface equipment (downhole) and the surface equipment (tree, BOP, flowlines, host, etc.)

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What is the purpose of a Subsea Wellhead? l l

Support Support the the BOP BOP (Blowout (Blowout Preventer) Preventer) and and seal seal the the well well during during drilling drilling

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Support Support and and seal seal the the subsea subsea tree tree during during production. production.

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Support Support the the tubing tubing hanger hanger in in aa conventional conventional subsea subsea tree. tree.

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Act Act as as aa hanger hanger for for the the casing casing strings strings in in the the well well annulus. annulus.

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Subsea Wellhead Classification l l

Typical Sizes: 13 5/8 in, 16 ¾ in, 18 ¾ in, 21 ¼ in

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Most Common: 18 ¾ inch

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Pressure Ratings: 10,000 psi or 15,000 psi

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Common Standard: 18 ¾ in x 10,000 psi

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18 ¾ in x 15,000 psi is quickly becoming the new standard

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Wellhead Profiles l l

All All wellheads wellheads have have an an external external profile profile for for BOP BOP or or tree tree connectors connectors

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Cameron Cameron “hub” “hub” or or Vetco Vetco “mandrel” “mandrel” profiles profiles are are the the most most common. common.

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Cooperative Cooperative license license agreements agreements allow allow competitors competitors to to provide provide profile profile selections. selections.

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The The wellhead wellhead profile profile must must match match the the BOP BOP or or tree tree connector. connector.

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BOP BOP connectors connectors can can be be changed changed out out but but subsea subsea trees trees require require aa conversion conversion spool spool called called aa tubing tubing spool. spool.

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Major Subsea Wellhead Suppliers

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ABB Vetco

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Cooper Cameron

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Dril-Quip

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FMC

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Kvaerner National

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Subsea Trees

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What is a Subsea Tree? A set of valves and piping to allow the control of a well during production at the mudline and remote to the host facility.

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What Makes Subsea Trees Different from Surface Trees? Subsea Trees are: l l l l

More complex Larger

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More robust More expensive

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Inaccessible

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Types of Subsea Trees

Horizontal Horizontal Tree Tree Conventional Conventional Tree Tree

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Mudline Mudline Tree Tree

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Subsea Tree Major Components Tree Tree Cap Cap Subsea Subsea Choke Choke Valve Valve Block Block Tree Tree Connector Connector Tubing Tubing Hanger Hanger Wellhead Wellhead PGB PGB

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Conventional Vs Horizontal Features

Dual Dual Bore Bore Tree Tree

Horizontal Horizontal Tree Tree

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Master Master & & swab swab valves valves in in vertical vertical bore bore

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No No valves valves in in the the vertical vertical bore bore

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Tree Tree run run after after tubing tubing

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Tree Tree run run before before the the tubing tubing

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Tubing Tubing Hanger Hanger orients orients from from wellhead wellhead

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Tubing Tubing hanger hanger orients orients in in tree tree

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External External tree tree cap cap

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Internal Internal tree tree cap cap

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Horizontal Vs Conventional Trees Configuration

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Advantages/Disadvantages Conventional Tree Advantages Advantages l l

Vertical Vertical access access to to annulus annulus

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Tubing Tubing is is undisturbed undisturbed ifif tree tree is is pulled pulled

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Dual Dual completion completion designs designs are are available available

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Tubing Tubing hanger hanger seals seals are are not not exposed exposed to to well well fluids fluids

Disadvantages Disadvantages l l

The The tree tree must must be be pulled pulled ifif tubing tubing must must be be pulled pulled

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Dual Dual bore bore Installation/Workover Installation/Workover riser riser required required

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More More valves valves required required per per tree tree

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More More running running tools tools required required

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Advantages/Disadvantages Horizontal Tree Advantages Advantages l l l l

Installation/Workover Installation/Workover riser riser not not required required Fewer Fewer valves valves per per tree tree required required

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Tree Tree is is undisturbed undisturbed ifif the the tubing tubing is is pulled pulled A A larger larger vertical vertical bore bore is is available available

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Fewer Fewer running running tools tools required required

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Disadvantages Disadvantages l l

The The tubing tubing is is pulled pulled ifif the the tree tree fails fails No No vertical vertical access access

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Tubing Tubing hanger hanger seals seals are are exposed exposed to to well well fluid fluid

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Misc. Tree Hardware “Jewelry” l l l l

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Retrievable subsea chokes Tree mounted pressure and temperature transducers Downhole pressure and temperature transducers Downhole flowmeters Tree mounted flowmeters ROV overrides on tree valves Seal test ports Trawlboard and dropped object protection

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How Are Subsea Trees Identified? Type: Conventional or Horizontal l l Working Pressure Rating : 5,000 , 10,000 , or 15,000 psig l l Tubing Size: production tubing and annulus tubing ( 4-in x 2 in) l l Any Special Features: integral block, clad, guideline/ guidelineless, split, TFL, etc. Example: Horizontal 4 X 2- 10,000 psi, Inconel clad, guidelineless subsea tree l l

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Major Subsea Tree Suppliers FMC Cooper Cameron ABB Vetco Kvaever National

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Subsea Manifold Systems Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA MANIFOLDS What What is is aa Subsea Subsea Manifold? Manifold? l l

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A collection of valves, pipework and connection devices located on the seabed A subsea manifold collects flow from multiple wells before transporting the fluid to the host facility

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SUBSEA MANIFOLDS Why are subsea manifolds necessary? l l Collect flow from a number of subsea wells into a single transportation system l l Provide an economical alternative to individual flowlines l l Commingle production from individual wells l l Provide a mechanism for well testing l l Allows first oil to be produced in a phased well development program Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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SUBSEA MANIFOLD TYPES l l

Template Manifolds

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Cluster Manifolds

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Large Gathering Manifolds

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Hybrid Manifolds

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SUBSEA MANIFOLDS Template Manifolds l l Provides drilling base and manifold in one structure l l Provides a multi-well drilling template l l May be small (i.e. 3-slot) or large (i.e. 24-slot) l l Multi-well subsea tieback to a host facility

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SUBSEA MANIFOLDS Cluster Manifolds l l

Trees are located within 15 to 50 meters

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Generally small (4 or 6-slots)

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Commingles production or distributes injection

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Retrievable module design

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SUBSEA MANIFOLDS Modular Manifolds l l

Modular ‘Building block’ arrangement

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Size may be increases after installation

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Some designs fold up for smaller installation package

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Standard design

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SUBSEA MANIFOLDS Hybrid Manifolds l l Template Manifolds that allow satellite well tie-ins l l Generally large structure for high well count l l

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Associated production riser system Generally located near the platform facility

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BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS l l

Single Header Manifolds - Water injection - Gas injection

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Dual or Multiple Header Manifolds - Oil and gas production systems - Dual flowlines - Well test and gas lift capabilities

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BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS Single Header Manifolds l l

Typical of gas or water Manifold

injection manifolds l l

All wells connected to the main header

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Non-piggable

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Flowlines

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BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS Dual Header With Selective Branch Valves l l

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Selective routing of wells to headers Allows round trip Flowlines pigging Accommodates well test via isolation Allows dual pressure regime production

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Manifold

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BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS Multi-Header With Selective Branch Valves l l

Selective routing of wells to production header or test line

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Allows round trip pigging Allows dual pressure regime production

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Flowline Test Line Flowline Manifold

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MANIFOLD ASSEMBLY EXAMPLES Cluster Cluster Manifold Manifold BP BP Foinhaven Foinhaven Field Field West West of of Shetlands Shetlands

Template Template Manifold Manifold Texaco Texaco Captain Captain Field Field North North Sea Sea

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MANIFOLD ASSEMBLY EXAMPLES Cluster Cluster Manifold Manifold Shell Shell Popeye Popeye Field Field Gulf Gulf of of Mexico Mexico

Cluster Cluster Manifold Manifold Texaco Texaco Gemini Gemini Field Field Gulf Gulf of of Mexico Mexico Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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Subsea Jumper Systems Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS What is a Subsea Jumper? l l

A means of connecting subsea equipment together

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Consists of connection devices either end of a jumper spool piece (pipe)

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SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS Subsea Jumper Basic Types Rigid Pipe Spool l l

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Equipment is connected using a jumper fabricated from rigid pipe Can be fabricated on site or onshore

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Flexible Pipe Spool l l

Flexible pipe spool (e.g. Coflexip)

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Equipment is connected using flexible pipe

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Manufactured on shore and shipped complete

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SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS Rigid Rigid Jumpers Jumpers

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SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS Flexible Flexible Jumpers Jumpers

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HORIZONTAL CONNECTION SYSTEM Horizontal Arrangement l l Stab and Hinge-Over Design (SHO) l l Mating hubs are positioned together horizontally l l Connection made by running tool or integrated hydraulics l l Hubs are pulled (Running tool) or stoked (integrated hydraulics) together before connection is made

Vertical Connection System

Collet Connector

Receiver Structure

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Subsea Production Control Systems Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Control Systems Why do we need them? l l

To To enable enable remote remote control control of of subsea subsea production production wells wells by: by: -- Operation Operation of of subsea subsea valves valves -- Adjusting Adjusting subsea subsea chokes chokes

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To To enable enable the the safe safe operation operation of of subsea subsea wells wells by: by: -- Closing Closing valves valves on on command command -- Performing Performing shutdown shutdown operations operations -- Enabling Enabling interlock interlock functions functions

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To To monitor monitor conditions conditions during during production production by: by: -- Readback Readback of of produced produced fluid fluid conditions conditions -- Warning Warning of of unstable/ unstable/ undesirable undesirable conditions conditions -- Continually Continually updating updating all all system system information information

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Subsea Control System Types l l

1. Direct Hydraulic - Up to 3 miles

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- Single wells l l

2. Piloted Hydraulic

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- Up to 7 miles - Low well count l l

3. Electro Hydraulic - 65 miles + to date - Multiple wells

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$$$$$$ $$$$$$

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What Can Subsea Control Systems Do? FUNCTION FUNCTION Tree Tree Valves Valves

MONITOR MONITOR Pressure Pressure

SCSSV’S SCSSV’S Chokes Chokes

Temperature Temperature Flow Flow Rate Rate

Manifold Manifold Valves Valves Pipeline Pipeline Valves Valves

Choke Choke Position Position Valve Valve Position Position

Throttle Throttle Valves Valves

Erosion Erosion Rates Rates Corrosion Corrosion Rates Rates

PREVENT PREVENT Operator Operator Error Error Overpressure Overpressure Incorrect Incorrect Valve Valve Operation Operation

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RESPOND RESPOND Automatic Automatic Well Well Shut Shut in in Automatic Automatic Choke Choke Control Control Automatic Automatic System System Shut Shut in in

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Electro/Hydraulic Control System Major Components • •

Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU) Master Control Station (MCS)

• Electrical Power Unit (EPU) • Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) • Topside Umbilical Termination Assembly (TUTA) • Subsea Umbilical • Umbilical Termination Unit (UTA) • Subsea Distribution Unit (SDU) • Flying Leads • Subsea Control Module (SCM or Pod) Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU) l l

Provides system hydraulic pressure

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Stores control fluid energy

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Supplies clean hydraulic fluid

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Regulates supply pressure

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Sends status information to the MCS

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Allows remote or local control

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Master Control Station (MCS) l l

Operator Control Station

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Supplies and monitors subsea power

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Sends and receives signals via the SCM

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Allows operator intervention

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Provides interface with platform control system

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Subsea Control Pod l l

Subsea Subsea control control center center

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Executes Executes commands commands from from the the surface surface

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Features Features -- Must Must be be fully fully retrievable retrievable -- Receives Receives and and sends sends signals signals to to MCS MCS -- Tracks Tracks internal internal status status and and transmits transmits to to the the MCS MCS -- Functions Functions subsea subsea valves valves -- Monitors Monitors subsea subsea sensors sensors -- Re-configuration Re-configuration from from topside topside

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May May operate operate 18 18 –– 24 24 hydraulic hydraulic functions functions

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May May monitor monitor 88 –– 10 10 remote remote sensor sensor inputs inputs

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Subsea Umbilicals l l

Provides link between surface (operator) and subsea equipment

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Supplies hydraulic fluid to operate subsea valves and chokes

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Supplies electrical power to operate subsea electronics

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Transmits electronic signals to execute operational commands subsea

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Returns electronic data to the surface from subsea instrumentation

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Subsea Umbilicals l l l l

Very many types/sizes/configurations/materials Main factors effecting design: -- Water depth

- Tie-back type - Internal pressures - Tie-back length - Installation methods

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- Chemical compatibility - Flow rates - Size of field - Service life

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Subsea Umbilical Types Types Types l l

Hydraulic Hydraulic Umbilicals Umbilicals

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Electrical Electrical Electric Electric Umbilicals Umbilicals

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Electro-Hydraulic Electro-Hydraulic Umbilicals Umbilicals

Construction Construction l l

Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Tubes Tubes Umbilicals Umbilicals

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Steel Steel Tube Tube Umbilicals Umbilicals

New New Configurations Configurations l l

Integrated Integrated Service Service Umbilicals Umbilicals (ISU) (ISU)

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Integrated Integrated Production Production Umbilicals Umbilicals (IPU) (IPU)

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Direct or Piloted Hydraulic Umbilical l l

Simple

- Short tiebacks - Steel tube or hose l l

All hydraulic systems

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Electro-Hydraulic Umbilical Complex - Electrical power pairs

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- Electrical signal pairs - HP hydraulic supply- hose or tube - LP hydraulic supply- hose or tube l l Most Common Type - Deep water applications - Long offsets Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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Subsea Umbilical Design Considerations: l l Water depth l l Tie-back type l l Tie-back length l l Service life l l Installation l l Chemical compatibility l l Flow rates l l Internal pressures l l Size of field

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Umbilical Terminations Umbilical Termination Unit (UTA) l l

Provides Provides the the subsea subsea termination termination for for the the umbilical umbilical

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Can Can be be the the subsea subsea distribution distribution point point for for hydraulic hydraulic fluid, fluid, electrical electrical power, power, electronic electronic signals, signals, and and injection injection chemicals chemicals

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Provides Provides an an interface interface for for flying flying leads leads or or SDUs SDUs

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Can Can be be retrieved retrieved for for maintenance maintenance

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Subsea Distribution Flying Leads l l

Connects Connects UTA UTA or or SDU SDU to to subsea subsea trees trees and and manifolds manifolds

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Provides Provides distribution distribution of of hydraulic hydraulic fluid, fluid, electrical electrical power, power, electronic electronic signals, signals, and and injection injection chemicals chemicals to to subsea subsea equipment equipment

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Can Can be be retrieved retrieved for for maintenance maintenance

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May May be be high high collapse collapse resistant resistant thermoplastic thermoplastic or or steel steel tube tube configuration configuration

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Subsea Distribution Subsea Distribution Unit (SDU) l l

Provides Provides distribution distribution of of hydraulic hydraulic fluid, fluid, electrical electrical power, power, electronic electronic signals, signals, and and injection injection chemicals chemicals

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Provides Provides interface interface for for flying flying leads leads

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Can Can be be an an isolation isolation point point for for supplies supplies

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Can Can be be retrieved retrieved for for maintenance maintenance

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Can Can be be reconfigured reconfigured subsea subsea

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