Study on Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

Study on Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Chief

Editor

Deng Jiagang

Coeditor Qin Jieping

Wang Qin

Editors Hou Xiaotao

Yang Ke

Yan Li

Feng Xu

Wang Zhiping

Du Zhengcai

Liang Jianqin

Zhou jiangyu

Dai Hang

Hao Erwei

Du Chengzhi

Qin Lilan

He Cuiwei

Li Zhenjuan

Shi Xueli

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SCREENING

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND THE STUDY ON MANGIFERIN

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

Sponsored by:


Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University




Management Committee of Guangxi Baise National Agricultural Sci-tech Zone

Approval Administration:


The People’s Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Supported by:


National Natural Science Foundation of China




Department of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Organized by:


Faculty of Pharmacy,Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University




Guangxi Key Laboratory of pharmacodynamic studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine

October 23-25,2009 Baise,Guangxi,Ch

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Editorial Committee Chairman Yang Yanyang

Deng Jiagang

Vice-Chairman Zhong Hengqin

Tang Qianli

Members of editorial Committee Su Xiudong

Lu Xiangyang

Wang Qin

Jiang Jichang

Chen Yong

Qin Jieping

Zheng Zuowen

Qin Huazhen

He Guibai

Huang Zhaoming

Kuang Song

Huang Chunxue

Nong Jinghai

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

CONTENT ·Preface·...................................................................................................................................................... 1 ·Invited Lecture· ........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Strategic Significance and General Thoughts of the Medicinal Study On Agricultural Residues.................................................................................................................................................... 3 Chemical Constituents with Unprecedented Skeletons from Alpinia katsumadai and Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina ............................................................................................................................ 12 Study on Bioactive Compounds with Molecular Diversity from Toxic Plants in China .......................... 14 ·Pharmacology and Toxicology .............................................................................................................. 15 Assessment of systemic interaction between swertia chirata extract and its bioactive constituents in rabbits...................................................................................................................................................... 15 The extraction of mangiferin from mango leaves and its analgesic function............................................ 15 The Effect of Kampo Formulae on Bone Resorption in Vitro and in Vivo. I Active Constituents of Tsu-kan-gan............................................................................................................................................. 16 Mangiferin and hesperidin metabolites are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of pigs after oral ingestion of a Cyclopia genistoides (honeybush tea) extract .................................................................. 17 Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in rat plasma after oral administration of a single dose of suanzaoren decoction ................................................................................................................................................. 18 Simultaneous estimation of mangiferin and four secoiridoid glycosides in rat plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study of herbal preparation............................................................................................................................................... 19 UV/vis, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies to determine mangiferin pKa values.......................... 20 A review of the bioactivity of south african herbal Teas: rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) ............................................................................................................................. 21 Activation of lymphocytes of normal and tumor bearing mice by mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone..................................................................................................................................... 21 An Anacardiaceae preparation reduces the expression of inflammation-related genes in murine macrophages............................................................................................................................................ 22 Anthelminthic and antiallergic activities of Mangifera indica L. Stem bark components vimang and mangiferin ............................................................................................................................................... 23 Anti-allergic properties of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) and contribution of its glucosylxanthone mangiferin .................................................................................................................. 24 Antidiabetic activity of a xanthone compound, mangiferin ...................................................................... 25 Antidiabetic activity of the rhizoma of anemarrhena asphodeloides and active components, mangiferin and its glucoside ...................................................................................................................................... 25

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Antiinflammatory, analgesic and hypoglycemic effects of Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae) stem-bark aqueous extract....................................................................................................................... 26 Antitumor, immunomodulatory and anti-HIV effect of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone..................................................................................................................................... 27 Chemopreventive efficacy of mangiferin against benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in experimental animals............................................................................................................................... 27 β-D-Glucoside suppresses tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of uclear transcription factor κB but potentiates apoptosis ............................................................................................................................... 28 Cytoprotective and antigenotoxic potential of Mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone against cadmium chloride induced toxicity in HepG2 cells .............................................................................................................. 29 Cytoprotective effect of mangiferin on benzo(a) pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Differential oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons after excitotoxic insults and protection by natural polyphenols ................................................................................................................................. 31 Dual mechanism of mangiferin protection against iron-induced damage to 2-deoxyribose and ascorbate oxidation.................................................................................................................................................. 32 Effect of Mangifera indica L. extract (QF808) on protein and hepatic microsome peroxidation ............. 33 Effect of mangiferin on benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in experimental Swiss albino mice34 Efficacy of mangiferin on serum and heart tissue lipids in rats subjected to isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity........................................................................................................................................... 34 Effect of mangiferin on hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats ...................... 35 Effect of mangiferin on mitochondrial energy production in experimentally induced myocardial infarcted rats............................................................................................................................................ 36 Effect of mangiferin on radiation-induced micronucleus formation in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Effect of mangiferin on the development of periodontal disease: involvement of lipoxin A4, anti-chemotaxic action in leukocyte rolling ............................................................................................ 38 Effect of species variation and processing on phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of Cyclopia spp. (Honeybush Tea) .............................................................................. 39 Effects of a natural extract from Mangifera indica L, and its active compound, mangiferin, on energy state and lipid peroxidation of red blood cells......................................................................................... 40 Effects of the mango components mangiferin and quercetin and the putative mangiferin metabolite norathyriol on the transactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms .................... 41 Efficacy of mangiferin against Cryptosporidium parvum in a neonatal mouse model ............................. 42 Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang), a new natural product with antioxidant activity.......................................................................................................................... 43

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Examination of the inhibitory effect of norathyriol in formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced respiratory burst in rat neutrophils .......................................................................................................... 44 Expression profiles of genes involved in the mouse nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway are modulated by mangiferin................................................................................................................... 45 Fe (III) improves antioxidant and cytoprotecting activities of mangiferin................................................ 46 Immunomodulatory activity of alcoholic extract of Mangifera indica L. in mice .................................... 46 Gastroprotective effect of mangiferin, a xanthonoid from Mangifera indica, against gastric injury induced by ethanol and indomethacin in rodents .................................................................................... 47 In vitro effects of Mangifera indica and polyphenols derived on ABCB1/P-glycoprotein activity .......... 48 Immunotherapeutic effects of mangiferin mediated by the inhibition of oxidative stress to activated lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages............................................................................................ 49 In vitro effects of mangiferin on superoxide concentrations and expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumournecrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β genes........................................... 50 In vitroeffects of the polyphenols resveratrol, mangiferin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the scuticociliate fish pathogen Philasterides dicentrarchi............................................................................ 51 Mangiferin,a glucosylxanthone,protects against the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes ....................................................................................... 51 In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Mangifera indica L. extract (VIMANG).................... 52 Insulin secretion is stimulated by ethanol extract of anemarrhena asphodeloides in isolated islet of healthy wistar and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats ..................................................................................... 53 Interaction of Vimang (Mangifera indica L. extract) with Fe(III) improves its antioxidant and cytoprotecting activity............................................................................................................................. 54 Iron complexing activity of mangiferin,a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone,inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate............................................................................................... 55 Isolation of a human intestinal bacterium that transforms mangiferin to norathyriol and inducibility of the enzyme that cleaves a C-Glucosyl bond............................................................................................ 56 Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) and its main polyphenol mangiferin prevent mitochondrial oxidative stress in atherosclerosis-prone hypercholesterolemic mouse. ................................................. 57 Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) and mangiferin modulate mouse humoral immune responses. .... 58 Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) inhibits 2-deoxyribose damage induced by Fe (III) plus ascorbate.59 Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) inhibits Fe2+-citrate-induced lipoperoxidation in isolated rat liver mitochondria............................................................................................................................................ 60 Mangifera indica L. extract attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity on rat cortical neurons. ........... 61 Mangiferin ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning deficits in mice ................................................... 62 Mangiferin inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in activated rat µglial

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin cells ......................................................................................................................................................... 63 Mangiferin Inhibits Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction and Pruritus in Mice ............................... 64 Mangiferin protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity mediated by oxidative stress in N2a cells ......................................................................................................................................................... 65 Mangiferin protects human peripheral blood lymphocytes against γ-radiation-induced DNA strand breaks: a fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding assay ...................................................................... 66 Mangiferin protects the streptozotocin-induced oxidative damage to cardiac and renal tissues in rats .... 67 Mangiferin, a natural occurring glucosyl xanthone, increases susceptibility of rat liver mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition ................................................................................................. 68 Mangiferin protects human peripheral blood lymphocytes against γ-radiation–induced DNA strand breaks:a fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding assay ....................................................................... 69 Mechanism of Antioxidant Action of Pueraria Glycoside (PG)-1 (an Isoflavonoid) and Mangiferin (a Xanthonoid)............................................................................................................................................. 70 Mechanism of cell death induced by an antioxidant extract of Cratoxylum cochinchinense (YCT) in Jurkat T cells: the role of reactive oxygen species and calcium.............................................................. 71 Mechanism of protective action of mangiferin on suppression of inflammatory response and lysosomal instability in rat model of myocardial infarction ..................................................................................... 71 Mechanisms of blood glucose-lowering effect of aqueous extract from stems of Kothala himbutu (Salacia reticulata) in the mouse ............................................................................................................. 72 Modulation of P450 enzymes by Cuban natural products rich in polyphenolic compounds in rat hepatocytes .............................................................................................................................................. 73 Modulation of rat macrophage function by the Mangifera indica L. extracts Vimang and mangiferin .... 74 Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection by two natural antioxidant polyphenols................................ 75 New antidiabetic compounds, mangiferin and its glucoside ..................................................................... 75 New antioxidant C-glucosylxanthones from the stems of Arrabidaea samydoides .................................. 76 Neuroprotection by two polyphenols following excitotoxicity and experimental ischemia ..................... 76 Novel screening assay for antioxidant protection against peroxyl radical-induced loss of protein function ................................................................................................................................................... 77 Pharmacokinetic study of free mangiferin in rats by microdialysis coupled with microbore high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry............................................. 78 Physiological and biochemical changes with special reference to mangiferin and oxidative enzymes level in malformation resistant and susceptible cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) .................... 79 Polyphenols with antiulcerogenic action from aqueous decoction of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.)80 Potential hepatoprotective effects of new Cuban natural products in rat hepatocytes culture .................. 81 Protection against septic shock and suppression of tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide production

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin on macrophages and µglia by a standard aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. (VIMANG). Role of mangiferin isolated from the extract ....................................................................................................... 82 Protective effect of Mangifera indica L. polyphenols on human T lymphocytes against activation-induced cell death................................................................................................................... 83 Protective effects of a standard extract of Mangifera indica L. (VIMANG) against mouse ear edemas and its inhibition of eicosanoid production in J774 murine macrophages .............................................. 84 Protective effects of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang), and its major component mangiferin, on iron-induced oxidative damage to rat serum and liver ............................................................................ 85 Protective effects of Mangifera indica L. extract, mangiferin and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced biomolecules oxidation and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice ........................... 86 Protective role of mangiferin against Benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in experimental animals .................................................................................................................................................... 87 Studies on palauan medicinal herbs. II. Activation of mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 by Ongael, leaves of Phaleria cumingii (Meisn.) F. Vill. and its acylglucosylsterols ............................................... 87 Radioprotection by mangiferin in DBAxC57BL mice: a preliminary study .............................................. 88 The suppressive effect of mangiferin with exercise on blood lipids in type 2 diabetes ............................ 88 Release of intermediate reactive hydrogen peroxide by macrophage cells activated by natural products 89 Role of mangiferin on biochemical alterations and antioxidant status in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.................................................................................................................... 90 Salacia oblonga extract increases glucose transporter 4-mediated glucose uptake in L6 rat myotubes: Role of mangiferin .................................................................................................................................. 91 Salacia oblonga improves cardiac fibrosis and inhibits postprandial hyperglycemia in obese Zucker rats92 Salacia oblonga root decreases cardiac hypertrophy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: inhibition of cardiac expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor............................................................................................ 93 Salacia reticulata and its polyphenolic constituents with lipase inhibitory and lipolytic activities have mild antiobesity effects in rats................................................................................................................. 94 Scavenger effect of a mango (Mangifera indica L.) food supplement's active ingredient on free radicals produced by human polymorphonuclear cells and hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase chemiluminescence systems .................................................................................................................................................... 95 Spectroscopic investigation of interaction between mangiferin and bovine serum albumin .................... 95 Swertia chirayita mediated modulation of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in arthritic mice .......................................................................................... 96 The inhibitory effects of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, in bowel carcinogenesis of male F344 rats ......................................................................................................................................... 97 The variation in cytoplasmic distribution of mouse peritoneal macrophage during phagocytosis modulated by mangiferin, an immunomodulator .................................................................................... 98

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Timosaponin AIII, a saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, ameliorates learning and memory deficits in mice .......................................................................................................................... 99 Two proteins, Mn2+, and low molecular cofactor are required for C-glucosyl-cleavage of mangiferin . 100 Utilization of mango peels as a source of pectin and polyphenolics....................................................... 101 Vascular effects of the Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) ............................................................... 102 Vimang (Mangifera indica L. extract) induces permeability transition in isolated mitochondria, closely reproducing the effect of mangiferin, Vimang's main component ........................................................ 103 Xanthone derivatives: new insights in biological activities .................................................................... 104 Xanthone glycosides from herbs of Polygala hongkongensis Hemsl and their antioxidant activities .... 104 Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in rat plasma after oral administration of a single dose of Suanzaoren decoction ............................................................................................................................................... 105 Synthesis of mangiferin derivates and study their potent PTP1B inhibitory activity.............................. 105 Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in rat plasma after oral administration of a single dose of Suanzaoren decoction ............................................................................................................................................... 106 Effect of Mangifer in on telomerase activity and cell cycle in K562 cells.............................................. 107 Effect of Mangiferin on the Content of PGE2 in Two Different Inflammation Models.......................... 107 The Effect of Mangifer in on Telomerase Activity and Apoptosis in Leukem ic K562 Cells ................ 108 The Antitussive and Expectorant Effects of Mangifera Leaves Extract.................................................. 108 Preliminary Studies on the Mode of Action of Mangifer in against Phytophthora infestans.................. 109 Experimental Study on Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of the Mixture of Mangiferin and Berberine ..................................................................................................................... 109 An Experimental Study of Anti-stress Effects of Mangiferin in Mice.................................................... 110 Preliminary study on effects of mangiferin on immunologic function in mice....................................... 110 Effects of mangiferin of TNF-α and MPO in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury............ 111 Experimental Study on Hypoglycemic Effect of the Mixture of Mangiferin and Berberine .................. 111 Effect of mangiferin on myocardial ischemia induced by isoproteronol in mice.................................... 112 Apoptotic mechanism of leukemic K562 cells induced by mangiferin................................................... 112 Inhibitory effect of mangiferin on duck hepatitisB virus (DHBV) DNA in vivo.................................... 113 Comparison Tests of the Efficacy of Mango Leaf Decoction, Demangiferin Mango Leaf Decoction and Mangiferin Anti-tussive and Expectorant Drugs................................................................................... 113 Study on Antibacterial Action of Extract of Leaves of Mangifera indica in Vitro ................................. 114 Inhibiting effect in vitro of extract of Mangifera indica L.leaf on some pathogenic bacteria and NDV replication.............................................................................................................................................. 114

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin The Ultramicro-structure Change of Lipid Superoxided Rat Brain Tissue and Protect of Mangiferin on the Tissues............................................................................................................................................. 115 Inhibitory effect of mangiferin on the proliferation of K562 leukemia cells .......................................... 116 Effect of mangiferin on the expression of β-cateninand p120ctn in hepatic tissues of rats with liver cancer .................................................................................................................................................... 117 Effects of enzyme and morphological change of mangiferin on experimental liver damage in rats....... 117 The proliferation inhibition effect and apoptosis induction of mangiferin on BEL-7404 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell................................................................................................................ 118 Effect of mangiferin on P120ctn phosphorylation and hepatocellular carcinoma cell biology............... 118 Experimental study on effect of mangiferin delaying caducity............................................................... 119 Effects of Mangifer in on induction of apoptosis and in tracellular Ca2+ concentration in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE2 Cells .............................................................................................. 119 CML cell line K562 cell apoptosis induced by Mangiferin .................................................................... 120 Pharmacodynamic studie s on Mangiferin .............................................................................................. 120 Experimental study on the pharmacology of Mangiferin monosodium salt............................................ 121 Preparation of mengiferin monosodium salt and comparison in pharmacological effects with mengiferin121 Protective effect of Mangiferin dropping pills on chronic liver injury in rats......................................... 122 Effects of Mangiferin on cell cycle status and cyclin A,cyclin B1 expression of K562 cells ................. 123 Effects of Mangiferin on myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in mice .......................................... 123 Effects of Mangiferin on Gastric Ulcers in Rats ..................................................................................... 124 Effect of Mangiferin on the arachidonic acid metabolites in rat ............................................................. 124 Cardioprotective Effects of Mangiferin on Myocardial in Schemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats ............ 125 Effect of Mangiferin on lymphocyte proliferation in immunosuppressed mice...................................... 125 The effects of Mangiferin on human platelet aggregation and secretion of CD62P ............................... 126 Effect of Mangifer on Serum E-cadherin, carcinoembryonic antigen and monoamine oxidase activity and cell cycle in live tumor rats............................................................................................................. 127 The Impact of Mangiferin on Releasing of Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis from Guinea-Pig Lung Tissue ........................................................................................................................................... 127 Effects of on Mangiferin HBsAg and HBeAg Excreted by 2215 Cell.................................................... 128 The Effect of Mangiferin on hTERT-mRNA Expression and Telomerase Activity in K562 Cells........ 128 Protective effect of Mangiferin on Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice............................................. 129 Pharmacodynamic Study of Total Glycosides Tablet of Mango Leaves ................................................ 129 The influence of mangiferin on the body temperature of rabbit in endotoxin-induced fever ................. 130

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin The study on mangiferin protective role of lipid peroxidation damage of brain tissues in rats .............. 130 The antidepressant effect of mangiferin on the behavioral despair mice ................................................ 131 Effects of Mangiferin on lipid peroxidation metabolism of blood in rats ............................................... 131 Antlviral activity of mangiferin against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro ......................................... 132 Effect of Mangiferin on the Arachidonic Acid Metabolizing Enzymes in Rat Neutrophils ................... 132 Antiviral effect of mangiferin

and Isomangiferin on herpes simplex virus................................. 133

·Chemical Study and Analytical methods· .......................................................................................... 134 Characterization and quantitative determination of the impurity in prepared mangiferin extracted from Mangifera indica L. leaves.................................................................................................................... 134 A new C-glycosyl xanthone isolated from Davallia solida .................................................................... 151 Characterization and quantitation of polyphenolic compounds in bark, kernel, leaves, and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L.) ................................................................................................................ 151 An investigation of the stem bark of Bersama abyssinica ...................................................................... 152 Biosynthesis of mangiferin in anemarrhena asphodewides: intact incorporation of C6-C3 precursor into xanthone ................................................................................................................................................ 152 Antiosteoporotic chemical constituents from Er-Xian Decoction,a traditional Chinese herbal formula 153 Antioxidant C-Glucosylxanthones from the Leaves of Arrabidaea patellifer ........................................ 154 A Xanthone C-glycoside from Iris Nigricans ......................................................................................... 154 Benzophenone glycosides from Gnidia involucrate ............................................................................... 155 Capillary electrophoresis analysis of mangiferin extracted from Mangifera indica L. bark and Mangifera persiciformis C.Y. Wu et T.L. Ming leaves .......................................................................................... 155 Characterizaton of antioxidant and antiglycation properties and isolation of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines ............................................................................................................... 156 Chemical constituents from Mahkota dewa ............................................................................................ 156 Characterization of polyphenols in mango puree concentrate by HPLC with diode array and mass spectrometric detection ......................................................................................................................... 157 Characterization of the mangiferin-human serum albumin complex by spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches............................................................................................................................. 157 Chemical and chemotaxonomical studies of ferns. LXXXVII. constiuents of trichomanes reniforme .. 158 Chemical constituents of Gentianaceae XIX: CNS-depressant effects of swertiamarin ......................... 158 Determination of gentiopicroside, mangiferin, palmatine, berberine, baicalin, wogonin and glycyrrhizin in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Sann-Joong-Kuey-Jian-Tang by high- performance liquid chromatography .......................................................................................................................... 159 Determination of the residue of organochlorine pesticides in mango leaves using GC-MS-SIM........... 159

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of mangiferin, jateorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, cinnamic Acid, and cinnamaldehyde in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Zi-Shen Pill by high-performance liquid chromatography..................................................................................................................................... 160 Differentiation of Swertia Mussotii Franch from Artemisiae Capillaris Herba by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection..................................................................................... 160 Evaluation of spectrophotometric methods for screening of green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and green honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extracts for high levels of Bio-active compounds ................ 161 Flavonoid and xanthone patterns in bearded Iris species and the pathway of chemical evolution in the genus ..................................................................................................................................................... 162 Glucuronide triterpene saponins from Bersama engleriana.................................................................... 163 High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in plasma of rats having taken the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Zi-Shen pill 164 High-performance liquid chromatography as a tool for the chemical standardisation of triphala-an ayurvedic formulation ........................................................................................................................... 164 Isolation of isomangiferin from honeybush (Cyclopia subternata) using high-speed counter-current chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography ........................................................... 165 Isolation of Mangiferin and Isomangiferin from Leaf Material of Hibiscus liliastrum (Malvaceae) ..... 166 Isolation of mangiferin from Bombax malabaricum and structure revision of shamimin....................... 166 Mangiferin and isomangiferin in some Hypericum species .................................................................... 167 Mangiferin Identified in a Screening Study Guided by Neuraminidase Inhibitory Activity................... 167 Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric study and analysis of xanthone and secoiridoid glycoside composition of Swertia chirata, a potent antidiabetic ........................................................... 168 Mangeiferin from the root bark of salaczaretzculata............................................................................... 169 Miscibility Characterization in Relation to Phase Morphology of Poly (ether sulfone)/Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends Containing a Phytochemical................................................................................. 170 New Steroidal Sapomins from the Rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeoides Bunge (Liliaceae) .......... 170 On-line purity monitoring in high-speed counter-current chromatography Application of HSCCC-HPLC-DAD for the preparation of 5-HMF, neomangiferin and mangiferin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge............................................................................................................................. 171 Phenolic compounds from Hypericum perforatum ................................................................................. 172 Phenolic metabolites from honeybush tea (cyclopia subternata) ............................................................ 172 Polyphenol constituents from salacia species: quantitative analysis of mangiferin with a-glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitory activities .................................................................................................... 173 Preparative isolation and purification of four compounds from the chinese medicinal herb rhizoma anemarrhenae by high-speed counter-current chromatography ............................................................ 174

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Chemical constituents in the leaves of Mangifera persiciformis C.Y. Wu et Y.L. Ming ....................... 174 Quality evaluation of rhizoma belamcandae (belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectrometry . 175 Synthesis of mangiferin........................................................................................................................... 175 Rapid Identification of Polyphenol C-Glycosides from Swertia franchetiana by HPLC-ESI-MS-MS .. 176 Secoiridoids and Xanthones from Gentianella nitida .............................................................................. 176 Simultaneous determination of bioactive xanthone glycosides and norlignans from ethanolic extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides by liquid chromatography....................................................................... 177 Simultaneous determination of phenols in Radix Polygalae by high performance liquid chromatography: quality assurance of herbs from different regions and seasons ............................................................. 178 Simultaneous estimation of mangiferin and four secoiridoid glycosides in rat plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study of herbal preparation............................................................................................................................................. 179 Structures of New Friedelane-Type Triterpenes and Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpene and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Salacia chinensis......................................................................................... 180 Studies on the constituents from the fruits of Phaleria macrocarpa ........................................................ 180 Synthesis of mangiferin derivates and study their potent PTP1B inhibitory activity.............................. 181 The Major Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves of Cyclopia Species (Honeybush Tea)......................... 181 Temperature and solvent dependent NMR studies on mangiferin and complete NMR spectral assignments of its acyl and methyl derivatives ..................................................................................... 182 Use of NIRS for quantification of mangiferin and hesperidin contents of dried green honey bush (Cyclopia genistoides) plant material................................................................................................. 182 Using LC/MS/MS to determine matrine, oxymatrine, ferulic acid, mangiferin, and glycyrrhizin in the Chinese medicinal preparations Shiau-feng-saan and Dang-guei-nian-tong-tang ................................ 183 Variation of active constituents of an important Tibet folk medicine Swertia mussotii Franch. (Gentianaceae) between artificially Cultivated and naturally distributed............................................. 183 UV/vis, 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopic studies to determine mangiferin pKa values ........................... 184 Quality standard research on Mangiferin crude drug .............................................................................. 184 Xanthones from Swertia punctata ........................................................................................................... 185 Study on the extracting method of mangiferin in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge and Comparison of content of mangiferin in hair, skin and meat of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge............................... 185 Study of extraction and stability of yellow pigment from mango leaves ................................................ 186 Extraction and identification of total flavone from mango leaves .......................................................... 186 Extraction and identification of mangiferin from Mangifera indica leaves ............................................ 187 Extraction of total flavanone from mango leaves by ultrasonic wave..................................................... 187 10

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Optimized procedures for quercetin extraction from Mangifera indica Linn. leaf based on orthogonal design .................................................................................................................................................... 188 Determination of mangiferin and homomangiferin in almond leaves by HPLC..................................... 188 Determination of gallic acid in mango leaves by HPLC ......................................................................... 189 Study on the content of mangiferin in mangifera indica L. from different areas.................................... 189 Determination of mangiferin and homomangiferin in manggo leaves by HPLC.................................... 190 Determination of impurity of homomangiferin in raw medicine of mangiferin by HPLC ..................... 190 Comparison of HPLC fingerprint among different tissues of Mangifera indica L. ................................ 191 Comparison research on the content of mangiferin between manggo leaf and manggo branch ............. 191 Determination of gallic acid in the leaves of 4 genera of Mangifera indica L. by RP-HPLC ................ 192 Determination of mangiferin, neomangiferin in Rhizoma anemarrhenae from different producing area192 Comparison of mangiferin content in different cultivars of mango leaves ............................................. 193 Determination of mangiferin of the aerial parts in Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa .............................. 193 Determination of mangiferin in dejecta of rabbit by RP-HPLC.............................................................. 194 Determination of mangiferin in Qingqiliangying injection by RP-HPLC............................................... 194 Determination of the contents of mangiferin and berberine hydrochloride in the Zishen Pills by RP-HPLC .............................................................................................................................................. 195 Determination of mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae from different habitats by HPLC-UV............. 195 Determination of mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae from different habitats by HPLC.................... 196 Determination of mangiferin and sarsasapogenin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and stir-baked rhizoma anemarrhenae before sprinking salt solution by HPLC........................................................................ 196 Determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and its preparation by HPLC197 Determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae by HPLC.......................... 197 Determination of chimonin and forsythiaside in Kangbingdu oral liquid by RP-HPLC......................... 198 Determination of Mangiferin in Mango peel by RP-HPLC .................................................................... 198 IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MANGIFERIN IN MANGO PEEL, A HPLC METHOD WAS ESTABLISHED, AND A HANBON LICHYOPHER C18 (4.6×250MM,5ΜM) COLUMN WAS USED. THE MOBILE PHASE WAS METHANOL-0.3%H3PO4 (32:68) AND THE FLOW RATE WAS1ML/MIN. THE UV DETECTION WAVELENGTH WAS 258NM ,THE LINEAR RANGES OF MANGIFERIN WERE IN THE RANGE OF 0.4~0.8UG WITH

．THE AVERAGE RECOVERY OF MANGIFERIN WAS 97.8％WITH RSD OF 1.85％. THIS METHOD IS SIMPLE，ACCURATE，REPRODUCIBLE. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE MANGO PEEL IN EQUATION OF Y=1.065+2.035X, R=0.9999 (N=5)

BAI-SE, NANNING, AND TIAN-YANG COUNTY HAVE THE HIGHEST CONTENT OF MANGIFERIN........................... 198

RP-HPLC determination of mangiferin in the leafs of Folium Mangiferae sampled in different months and regions ............................................................................................................................................ 199

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of the contents of mangiferin in the roots and stems of Rhizoma Anemarrhenal at different harvest dates ........................................................................................................................... 199 Determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in Rhizoma Anemarhenal using RP-HPLC................ 200 Determination of Mangiferin and Polysaccharide in Rhizoma Anemarrhenal from Different Origin .... 200 Quantitative determination of four effective components in Swertia delavayi by HPLC ....................... 201 Determination of mangiferin in Liyan tablets by HPLC ......................................................................... 201 Determination of mangiferin in Zhibai Dihuang Pill by HPLC .............................................................. 202 Dertermination content of mangiferin and sarsasapogenine in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae from different areas....................................................................................................................................................... 202 Separation of mangiferin by high performance capillary electrophoresis............................................... 203 HPLC determination of mangiferin content in commercial Rhizoma Anemarrhenae............................. 203 Comparison of Mangifern in Contents in Different Parts of Mango Tree .............................................. 204 The physiological and biochemical change induced by mangiferin accumulation in Mango tree.......... 204 Optimization of Extraction Technology for Total Saponin in Mango Leaf ............................................ 205 Rapid determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. By capillary zone eectrophoresis with UV detection................................................................................................. 205 Isolation and Identification of Oleanolic acid and Magiferin from Swertia punicea hemsl.................... 206 Changes of mangiferin and neomangiferin contents in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae before and after processing.............................................................................................................................................. 206 Dynamic Study of Contents of mangiferin in XiLing Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. ...................... 207 Study on the Factors Affecting the Mangiferin Contents in Mango Leaves ........................................... 207 Structure modification of mangiferin ...................................................................................................... 208 Identification and determination of four metabolites of mangiferin in rat urine ..................................... 208 Stability of mangiferin and factors affecting the stability ....................................................................... 209 Isolation and structure modification of mangiferin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. ................. 209 Determination of mangiferin in Zhimu Compounding Granules by HPLC ............................................ 210 High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of mangiferin, ikviritin and dihydroquercetin in rat plasma and urine .............................................................................................. 210 Pharmacokinetic study of free mangiferin in rats by microdialysis coupled with microbore high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem masss pectrometry........................................... 211 High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of mangiferin in rat plasma and urine....................................................................................................................................................... 212 Identification of major xanthones and steroidal saponins in rat urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry technology following 12

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin oral administration of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae decoction .................................................................... 213 Purification and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography of Mangiferin........................... 214 Pulse radiolysis studies of mangiferin: A C-glycosyl xanthone isolated from Mangifera indica ........... 214 ·Technology and Application·............................................................................................................... 215 Summarize of mangiferin products ......................................................................................................... 215 30 Cases of acute upper Respiratory infection treated with mangiferin tablets ...................................... 218 Optimization of mangiferin extraction process by orthogonal design from Zhimu ................................ 218 Preparation of mangiferin monosodium salt ........................................................................................... 219 Solubility enhancement of mangiferin by HP-β-CD inclusion technic ................................................... 219 Studies on the effects of mango leaf electuary upon influenza ............................................................... 220 Study on mangiferin extraction by air-blasting method .......................................................................... 220 Study of extraction of Mango Leaf total glucosides tablets .................................................................... 221 Study on processing technology of mangiferin pills ............................................................................... 221 Study on thin-film coating process for mangiferin tablet........................................................................ 222 Study on ultrasonic extraction technics of mangiferin in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.................. 222 Index....................................................................................................................................................... 223

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

·Preface· The civilization and evolution of society, if getting more progress, always depend on the invention or discovery of new substance, new ways, new knowledge and new theories. We,as a positive enterprising and vigorous team devoting to medicine research, have been engaged in the study of mango leaves and mangiferin as the scholars from different countries do. We do hope to discover some new medical values from mango leaves and mangiferin so as to contribute to human’s health. We are dramatically inspired, after long-term endeavors, by many encouraging reports released from all over the world. For the convenience of communication and discussion, we have collected all these achievements to form the corpus of “the study of mango leaves and mangiferin”. The corpus is divided into six parts preface,invited lecture,pharmacodynamics and toxicology, chemical study and analytical methods,technology and application, index.Total 291 papers are collected both including submitted papers from “pharmacodynamic actions study of castoff crops and the first international symposium on mangiferin” and published reports in all kinds of magazines. 337 researchers and experts of the research papers are from 29 countries; the contents of the papers involve the extracting technology, separation, purification, the chemical structure modification, toxicity, pharmacodynamic action, mechanism, and clinical research on Mango leaves and Mangiferin. The latest research report is the “toxicity study of mangiferin ” made by professor Deng Jiagang and his partner from Guangxi, P.R.China. Generally speaking, the corpus is a great summary of long-period study, which truly reflects present research process on mangiferin. The major purpose we edit the corpus is to provide a platform for the experts and researchers to discuss and exchange their achievements in the study on mangiferin. Thanks to both the chief editor’s high attention to this fields and all editors’ hard work, the corpus could be published successfully within two months. What’s more, various circles of society also provide huge supports and financial aids for academic conference. We are sincerely grateful to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical Univerisity, Baise National Agricultural SCI-TECH Zone, Guangxi Science and Technology Department and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Though we require every editor to compile the corpus as perfectly and quickly as 1

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin possible, it is also inevitable to appear some mistakes or deficiencies due to limited time, our professional knowledge and limited English levels. Please instantly contact us if you find any mistakes or your research papers are not published in the corpus. We are sincerely thankful to those who give valuable advice on the corpus. As an ancient Chinese poet said, “Although the way stretched endless ahead, we will search with my will unbending”. When the conference draws to a close, when honorable guests leave the beautiful Zhuang Autonomous region, the cooperation between us is just beginning. We will firm our study direction to further research on mango leaves and mangiferin, especially their application research. We sincerely hope this piece of green leaf carrying our aborative contribution can bring the health and happiness to human.

The Organizing Committee October 2009

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

·Invited Lecture· The Strategic Significance and General Thoughts of the Medicinal Study On Agricultural Residues Jiagang Deng

Being engaged in the research of Chinese herbs for many years and based on the thoughts of sustainable development of the natural resources of Chinese herbs over a long period of time, the author, since the end of March 2009, in many public occasions delivers “the three no-mainstream strategic considerations about the problem of sustainable development of the natural resources of Chinese herbs”, which means that we should study chemical substances as new resources of Chinese herbs, carry on the medicinal study of agricultural residues and restructure the internationalization ideas of Chinese medicine and restrict the non-medical consume of Chinese herbs so as to realize sustainable development of the natural resources of Chinese herbs. In this paper, the author from the macro level tries to discuss the reasons and approaches to carry on the medicinal study on agricultural residues 1. The strategic significance of the medicinal study on agricultural residues The so-called agricultural residues are not the parts of crops for economic object planted by farmers including growers of vegetable, fruit, flower, herbs, etc., which are not agricultural products and not be used for medicinal purpose or other valuable commercial action in traditional production business. For example, vegetable growers plant tomatoes, and the fruit of tomatoes is their main economic object, and the stem and leaves of tomatoes are not their main economic object. The fruit grower plants mangoes, melons and bananas, and the fruit of mangoes, melons and bananas are their economic objects, and the mango leaves pruned among the growing and the stem and leaves after the fruit of melon and banana are picked, are not their main economic object. We call such kinds of materials of minor economic object as agricultural residues. In past production activity, most of the agricultural residues are discarded because they are not the main economic objects. What we will do is to apply modern science and technology to research the medicinal value of the agricultural residues to find their new values. We can understand the strategic significance of this research from its impacts on medicine, ecology and society.

3

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin (1) The medicinal study on the agricultural residues is an important way to support sustainable development of the natural resources of Chinese herbs. The natural resources of Chinese herbs are the basis of Chinese medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine). The existence and development of Chinese medicine depends largely on the sustainable development of the natural resources of Chinese herbs. Development and utilization of the natural resources of Chinese herbs enjoys a long history in our country, and there are 12,772 kinds of Chinese medical materials totally according to statistics, in which 11,118 kinds are plant sources, 1,574 kinds are animal sources, and 80 kinds are mineral sources. These figures show that not only our natural Chinese medicinal resources are extremely rich, but also we are largely dependent on herbals. Especially in today’s world, with the rapid development of society, the conflict between the needs of society and natural Chinese herbal resources becomes more and more prominent. There are many factors to affect the natural Chinese herbal resources, and the following four factors are particularly important. The first factor is that the application of Chinese herbs increases rapidly in population. Domestically, China's population was about 450 million at the founding of PRC, about 600 million at the sixties of last century, 1.16 billion at the fourth national census and 1.295 billion for the fifth national census. Meanwhile, along with the constant deepening of China's open policy, the radius of Chinese medicine is increased, and more and more people are using traditional Chinese medicine around the world, including more than 48 million overseas Chinese. In 2008, the amount of export of Chinese herbs exports were 1.3 billion US dollars and 163 countries traded with China in Chinese herbs, of which 154 are importing countries. Although the modern society doesn’t use Chinese herbs just as simple as the ancient times, and chemical drugs have a large proportion of the application, the consumption of Chinese herbs is still at an increasing level because of the big figure of population. The second factor is non-medical consumption of Chinese herbs, which is the main factor increasing contradiction between the supply and demand of Chinese herbal resources. The purpose of the contemporary application of Chinese herbs has far exceeded the scope of treatment of the disease, and because of the incorrect publicity and the commercial interests, a myriad of different Chinese herbal industry are forming, such as health care, beauty, and medicated food. This huge consumer market competes with the Chinese medical market for the limited resources of Chinese herbs. The third factor is the expanding of the natural plant extract market. With the global

4

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin enthusiasm for natural medicines, and the rapid development of high and new technologies in plant chemistry, modern pharmaceutical industry, the research for finding new drug compounds or pro-drugs from the natural herbal is in the ascendant, and has gradually formed an industrial scale. Data shows that the consumption of plant extracts is about 10% of the total herbals. On the one hand, this is a development of drug research, but on the other hand, it is also a cruel plunder for Chinese herbal resources. For example, extraction rate of puerarin in pueraria is 3.58% (microwave-assisted), Mogroside V only 0.5% in fresh fruit, and Total Ginkgo Flavone-Glycoides only 0.15% in Ginkgo leaf, and the rest are discarded. It is true that, looking for new drug through the study of natural plant active ingredients is a very good idea, and in this regard bulbocapnine (1928-1936 Zhao Chenggu), ephedrine (1887 Nagai Nagayoshi) etc. are successful examples. However, the situation are changed now, a large number of manufacturing enterprises have mushroomed in various places, and is it a fortunate or disaster for sustainable development of the natural resources of Chinese herbs? The fourth factor is the combination of a number of factors, such as the changes of the natural environment and species, disorderly excavation and the international implementation of laws and regulations to protect animals and plants, which aggravates the situation of shortage of the Chinese herbal resources. In recent years, a large area of economic forestland cultivation was carried out, resulted in the damage and destruction of native plant resources to a huge degree. After many years’ collecting for industrial production, the wild species resources decline sharply, such as Shinyleaf Pricklyash Root and Liquorice Root, etc. For these mentioned reasons, many experts and scholars think deeply from macro to micro perspectives on how to meet the growing demand of the people and the international market for Chinese herbs, and to bring forth numerous ideas in favor of the sustainable development of the natural resources of Chinese herbs. Precisely at this time, we have proposed to carry out the idea of the medicinal study on agricultural residues, and the purpose of the study is to provide new prospects and approaches to the research of Chinese herbs, as well as increase additional resources of Chinese herbs. (2) The medicinal study on agricultural residues benefits the environment protection and promotes eco-agricultural development. The industry of Chinese herbal medicine is a resource-dependent industry. The demanding of Chinese herbs is growing, while the natural resources is decreasing, and the former will not be changed, so the only way is to change the latter in this contradiction.

5

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Over the past 10 years, in order to solve this problem, with the implementation of modernization of Chinese herbal medicine, the state increased investment, build up several production bases of Chinese herbs, and a number of large pharmaceutical companies also chose suitable places of origin to establish their own production bases which are mainly related with their own products. Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd invested a huge fund to build planting bases, each with an annual production of over 200 tons Chinese herbs across the country, such as Common Yam Rhizome base in Wuzhi County, Henan Province; Aahesive Rehmannia Root Tuber base in Wen County, Henan Province; Indian Buead and the root bark of the peony bases in Jinzhai County and Tongling County, Anhui Province and Oriental Waterplantain Tuber base in Jianou County, Fujian Province. Sanjiu Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd has established 13 GAP planting bases of Upright Ladybell Root, Mongolian snakegourd, Indigowoad Root, Balloonflower Root, Ginseng, Safflower, Different Leaves Pseudostellaria Root Tuber, Thinleaf Milkwort Root, Rose, Aucklandia Lappa, Chinese Thorowax Root, Mongolian Milkvetch Root, Baikal Skullcap Root, etc. in Hebei, Anhui, Guizhou, Neimeng, Shandong Province etc.. Currently the number of planting bases of Chinese herbs is more than 1000 in our nation. Standards of the 500 bases are close to the national GAP certification standards. Planting area of Chinese herbs is about 21 million mu. A large-scale planting of Chinese herbs formed a new agriculture, and eased the contradiction between supply and demand of Chinese herbs to a certain extent. However, because China's land resources are extremely scarce and Chinese herbs planting takes up a large number of agricultural crops lands, the shortage of land resources is exacerbated. Thus, explore new herbal resources to find new uses or likely replace the existing species is an urgent and arduous task. We propose to carry out the medicinal study on agricultural residues, which is a measure to provide additional resources of medicinal plants without occupation of land resources. Moreover, a large number of waste products of crops are generated in agricultural production, and in the past, most of them were incinerated, or dumped in the fields and in the river directly, which caused serious environmental pollution. For example, annual production of sugar cane is about 50 million tons in Guangxi, and annual production of sugar cane leaves is about 7.5 million tons, except a small amount of leaves for cattle feeding, the vast majority is incinerated in situ. Again Guangxi is one of the largest provinces for mango cultivation, and just Baise Youjiang Valley alone, there’re nearly 400,000 mu of land for mango growing, which results in over 200,000 tons mango leaves from pruning each year.

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Tomato leaves, watermelon leaves and other staple crops are probably the same case. The burning of these waste products produces exhaust gas into the air, which results in decreased air quality and affects the ecological environment. Only the effective usage of these waste products can change this situation. (3) The medicinal study on agricultural residues promotes the development of circular economy and builds a harmonious society. The so-called circular economy is an efficient use and recycling of resources as the core of economic growth mode. From the perspective of resource utilization, the traditional economy is extensive and one-time, continuously turning the resources into the waste to achieve quantitative economic growth, while the circular economy promotes a kind of harmonious economic model with the environment, which organizes the economic activities into a feedback process of "resources - products - renewable resources". Reduce, reuse and recycle, is the "3R principle" of circular economy, in which recycling is divided into primary-level recycling and secondary recycling, and the medicinal study on agricultural residues proposed by us belongs to the secondary recycling, that is, "turning waste resources into raw material of other products " which is turning the waste products of crops into the raw materials of drugs or health products. To promote the development of circular economy in China, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Environmental Protection Administration take a number of measures, which refers to "vigorously carrying out comprehensive utilization of resources, maximizing the use of resources, reducing the final disposal of waste, conducting comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes generated in the process of production.” In fact, according to the strategy of sustainable development since the 90s, developed countries are developing a circular economy, establishing recycling-based society as an important way and measure to implement sustainable development strategy. A number of pilot projects also conducted in the development of circular economy in China, but most of them are industrial-related projects, and especially none of them is related to turning the waste products of crops into medicinal resources in agriculture. In line with national development strategy of circular economy needs, the study on agricultural residues will enjoy broad application prospects. On the other hand, through modern science and technology, carrying out the study on agricultural residues to find the value and turn waste into treasure will not only solve the

7

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin problem of the environmental pollution caused by the original approach to dealing with such issues, but also increase the added value of crops for farmers to provide more employment opportunities, giving the local farmers new ways to shake off poverty and be on a road to prosperity. It can be said that this research project is necessary and feasible with remarkable economic and social benefits. Study of the mango leaf is a typical example. The early seventies of last century, Guangxi TCM University carried out the drug action research of mango leaves, and successfully developed "mango anti-cough tablets" with mango leaves as the main raw material. After nearly three decades of continuous development, there are four pharmaceutical companies and one hospital produce this kind of drug and the other hospital preparations with mango leaves as raw material nationally, and annual sales revenue has been more than 60 million Yuan. At least more than 10,000 tons of mango leaves are needed per year, and farmers in areas such as Baise have brought millions in revenue. This research is even more significant that it strongly extends and expands the industrial chain of mango cultivation, and becomes a bridge between the convergence of agriculture and industry, the fruit industry and pharmaceutical industry. 2. The general thoughts of the medicinal study on agricultural residues We propose to carry out the medicinal study on agricultural residues with the overall objective, i.e.

to screen the functional ingredients of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor,

anti-aging, lowering blood glucose and blood cholesterol etc. from mango leaves, sugar cane leaves, watermelon leaves, tomato leaves and some other staple crops, and to study the corresponding efficacy evaluation, to prove mechanism of action targets, to establish the active ingredient database of agricultural residues, to strive to find available medicinal resources from agricultural residues to solve problem of the increasing depletion of Chinese herbal resources and environmental pollution of waste products. To achieve this objective, we must focus on the four following measures at this stage and for a long period in the future. (1) To carry out the academic discussion of the medicinal study on agricultural residues to seek consensus and policy support The study on agricultural residues as new medicinal resources has a great significance in theory, but many difficulties in practice. First of all, it is the problem of understanding and policy. While most scholars and government officials have the attitude of appreciation, but people are still unfamiliar with it as a newborn of the medical academics; and it is impossible to show convincing efficiency except for the study of mango leaves because the basis of

8

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin preliminary studies of other agricultural residues is still very weak, and even literature are hard to find. This requires strong support of the academic community, and carrying out hard work to publicize and demonstrate the feasibility of the academic advocates by a variety of ways, not only form a consensus in the academic community, but more importantly urge the Government to give support to this project. Only being included in the national development of circular economy and ecological agriculture, will the protection of the sustainable development strategy of Chinese herbal resources be possible to carry out to achieve its intended objective. (2) Construction of the technology platform for the medicinal study on agricultural residues Technology platform is the basis of scientific research. Especially with regard to multidisciplinary research, there must be a technology integration platform which can guarantee that research goals. To carry out the medicinal study of waste products of crops, is a complicated systematic project, and from the disciplinary point of view, it is related to agriculture and medicine; From the industrial classification point of view, it is related to the primary industry of agriculture and the pharmaceutical industry of secondary industry, which breaks new ground for the future and links the two industries; From the perspective of science and technology it is related to modern biological information processing technology, plant chemistry (medicine chemical) technology, pharmaceutical technology, quality control and instrument analysis techniques, modern efficacy screening technology, food engineering, and so on. Therefore, research institutions with good basic conditions should be chosen. For example, in Guangxi, we can choose Baise National Agricultural Science and Technology Park and the Guangxi Research Center of Pharmacological Screening of Chinese Herbs. The former is a state-level agricultural science and technology research platform, and the latter is the provincial research science and technology platform of Chinese medicine. Such a functional Ingredients screening technology platform of agricultural residues, in which the research system, research team, technical equipments, operating mechanism, etc. should be designed based on the requirements of the international advanced level, and adequate financial support for scientific research should be provided in order to ensure the smooth development of research projects to strive to achieve model results within a short period of time. (3) To carry out civil investigations of the application of agricultural residues to develop long-term research programs

9

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Although the study was recently proposed, but its object is crops which is closely related to people’s daily life, and the usage of crops are gradually accumulated and developed during the long agrarian times of the human society, and the theory " Medicinal and Edible" of Chinese herbs is built on this understanding of production and lifestyles. Therefore, there must have rich experiences applying crops waste to fight the disease in civil society, and this experiences maybe exist individually and scattered. These experiences will provide scientific research clues. The study of Mango leaves was derived from the Chinese herbal medicine movement at the early seventies of last century. In that movement, in their medical survey researchers found that local farmers have the habits of drinking the boiled water of mango leaves to treat cough, cholera illness in Bose and other places. According to this line of thought provided by civilian applications, the researchers conducted a series of study of mango leaves, resulting in the "mango anti-cough tablets”, originally created in Guangxi. Therefore, we can say that civil application experiences of crops waste are sources to conduct this study for us. We build technology platforms and undertake a full investigation of the application of waste products of crops, including documents and on-site investigation. Based on the first-hand information, we develop the study plan and identify the short-term and long-term research objectives, tasks, specific targets and specific content, implementation steps, the progress and funding to ensure that research directions and goals are stable and feasible to avoid giving up halfway. (4) To form the research alliance of the medicinal study on agricultural residues Agriculture is the foundation of human society, even the most developed countries are also inseparable from the crops (just in different cropping patterns), and it is inevitable to produce agricultural residues. Take mango for an example, there are nearly 70 countries planting mango worldwide; and watermelon, tomato, etc. are also staple crops worldwide. In our country watermelons are planted from east to west and from south to north. In other words, the medicinal study on agricultural residues can and should become a worldwide international cooperation projects. In fact, during the systematic study of literature of mangiferin we found that the research of the mango leaves and mangiferin started earlier than China in the Western countries, especially deeply in basic research, but our work is more focus on applied research, and has made a lot of results especially in the clinical application and product development. The experts and scholars from various countries have their own advantages and characteristics in this area, so they should be combined to form a research

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin alliance and set up two platforms: a platform for academic exchanges and another platform for technical support, so as to collaborate on common interest in a crop waste to establish a unified executable research program and share the work in accordance with their respective scientific and technological advantages. In this way, we will expect to make a landmark contribution to the field of medicinal study on agricultural residues in a short period of time.

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Chemical Constituents with Unprecedented Skeletons from Alpinia katsumadai and Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina Ling-Yi Kong Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected]

The seeds of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (Zingiberaceae) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an antiemetic agent and for the treatment of stomach disorders, and was coded in Chinese Pharmacopeia as an aromatic stomachic. From the petroleum ether extract of the seeds of A. katsumadai (20 Kg), a pair of unique sesquiterpene–chalcone conjugates with unprecedented skeletons (1, 2)and two novel monoterpene–chalcone conjugates (3, 4) was isolated, and the structure of 1, 2, 4 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The stem bark of Chukrasia tabularis has been traditionally used as astringent, antidiarrheal, and anti-influenza agents in China. From the air-dried stem bark of C. tabularis var. velutina (10 Kg), nine novel phragmalin type limonoids were isolated. Three 16-norphragmalin limonoids, chukvelutins A-C (5-7), possess unprecedented skeletons featured with a characteristic ketal moiety between the phragmalin skeleton and a biosynthetically extended isobutyryl group at C-15. Six C-15-acyl phragmalin type limonoids, chukvelutilides A-F (8-13), are the first class of C-15-acyl phragmalin type limonoids with Χ−16/Χ−30 δ-lactone ring confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

Study on Bioactive Compounds with Molecular Diversity from Toxic Plants in China Shi-Shan Yu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; IMM, CAMS & PUMC, 100050, Beijing

Natural products play a dominant role in the discovery of leads for the development of drugs for the treatment of human diseases. In China, much of nature sources remain to be explored, particular the toxic plants, which leave no doubt that a host of novel, bioactive chemotypes await discovery. There are more than 900 species of toxic plants in our country. The bioactivities of extracts of over 150 toxic plants were investigated in our group. It was found that more than 20 toxic plants showed vasodilator activities and anti-tumor activities, of which 7 toxic plants were further studied by bioassay-guided technique. From the 7 toxic plants, more than 250 compounds were isolated, including 9 new skeleton compounds and more than 80 novel compounds, of which more than 50 compounds exhibited significant bioactivities to different targets. It lays a foundation for study on innovative drugs and elucidation of the bioactive substances of toxic plants.

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

Pharmacology and Toxicology

·

Assessment of systemic interaction between swertia chirata extract and its bioactive constituents in rabbits Satyendra Suryawanshi1, R. K. Asthana2 and R. C. Gupta1* 1

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India

2

Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India

The plant Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae) is known for its multifarious medicinal value in the Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda). Its methanol extracts having antidiabetic activity contains mangiferin, amarogentin, amaroswerin, sweroside and swertiamarin as active constituents. The pharmacokinetics of mangiferin and amarogentin have been carried out after intravenous administration of pure standards and extract from S. chirata (CT) in rabbits to assess systemic interaction. The remaining three components were also monitored in plasma for pharmacokinetic estimation based on the ratio analysis method. Mangiferin was characterized by a relative low clearance (~0.14L/h/kg) and a lesser volume of distribution (~0.15L/kg), while amarogentin exhibited a rapid clearance (~2.62L/h/kg) and wide distribution (~1.08L/kg) from the systemic circulation. No signicant difference was observed in pharmacokinetic parameters of mangiferin and amarogentin either administered alone or as CT formulation in rabbits.

The extraction of mangiferin from mango leaves and its analgesic function Yingfang Wei,Lanyan Liao,Jie Lin,Qixin Lan,Guofeng Wei Department of Applied Chemistry, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, P.R. China

To investigate the extracting procedure of mangiferin from mango leaves and its analgesia, the organic solvents of ethanol and ethyl acetate were used repeatly to extract mango leaves. A kind of light yellow substance was obtained. The chemical quality analysis for this extracted substance was performed and the analgesia test in white mice (the mangiferin group) was also performed. All the results were analytically compared to those in aspirin and normal saline groups. The extracts mainly contained mangiferin. After analgesia test in small white mice, mangiferin could effectively relieve rats' pain induced by writhing, compared to aspirin and normal saline groups, there were statistically significant differences (all P90% for all analytes and internal standard except mangiferin where recovery was >60%. Intra-and inter-day accuracy and precision of the validated method were within the acceptable limits of 0.99. The intraday and interday precision over the concentration range of compounds was 0.9971).The matrix effect was minimized and the recoveries of the five marker compounds were>90% at a concentration of 1g/mL.

Our

experimental data reveal that significant differences exist between samples obtained from different sources.

Variation of active constituents of an important Tibet folk medicine Swertia mussotii Franch. (Gentianaceae) between artificially Cultivated and naturally distributed HuilingYang,Chenxu Ding,Yuanwen Duan,Jianquan Liu. Qinghai-tibet Plateau Biological Evolution and Adaptation Laboratory,Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai,China

Concentrations of seven phytochemical constituents (swertiamarin, mangiferin, swertisin, oleanolic acid,1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone,1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone and 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5dimethoxyxanthone)of“ZangYinChen”

（ Swertiamussotii,a

herb used in Tibetan folk medicine)were

determined and compared in plants collected from naturally distributed high-altitude populations and counterparts that had been artificially cultivated at low altitudes.Levels of mangiferin,the most abundant active compound in this herb,were significantly lower in cultivated samples and showed a negative correlation with altitude.The other constituents were neither positively nor negatively correlated with cultivation at low altitude.Concentrations of all of the constituents varied substantially with growth stage and were highest at the bud stage in the cultivars,but there were no distinct differences between flowering and fruiting stages in this respect.

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Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin UV/vis, 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopic studies to determine mangiferin pKa values Berenice

Gόmez-Zaleta1,

María

Teresa

Ramírez-Silva1,

Atilano

Gutiérrez1,Enrique

González-Vergara2, Marisol Guizado-Rodríguez3,Alberto Rojas-Hernández1 1

Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Depto.Química,Área de Químíca Analítica,

Apdo.México DF, México 2

Centro de Química,Instituto de Ciencias,Benemérita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla,México

3

Depto.de Química Inorgánica,Instituto de Química,UNAM,Ciudad Universitaria,México DF,México

The acid constants of mangiferin(anaturalxanthonoid) inaqueous solution were determined through an UV/vis spectroscopic study employing the SQUAD program as a computational tool.A NMR study complements the pKa values assignment and evidences a H-bridge presence on 1-C.The chemical model used was consistent with the experimental data obtained.The pKa values determined with this procedure were as follows:H 4 (MGF)=H 3 (MGF) - +H + ,pK a 1 (6-H)=6.52±0.06;H 3 (MGF)=H 2 (MGF) 2 - +H+, pK a2 (3-H)=7.97±0.06;H 2 (MGF) 2- =H(MGF) 3- +H + ,pK(7-H)=9.44±0.04;H(MGF) 3- =(MGF) 4- +H + , pKa4(1-H)=12.10±0.01;where it has been considered mangiferin C19H18O11 as H (MGF).Mangiferin UV/vis spectral behavior,stability study inaqueous solution as well as NMR spectroscopy studies:onedimensional1H,13C,2D

correlated1H/C

performedby(g)-HSQC

and

(g)-HMBC

methods;are

also

presented.pKa values determination of (MGF)in aqueous solution is anecessary contribution to subsequent pharmacokinetic study,and a step towards the understanding of its biological effects.

Quality standard research on Mangiferin crude drug Jiagang Deng, Yong Chen*, Qin Wang, Linan Pang, Li-Li, Bing Li, Yanling Li Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical Univerisity. Nanning, P.R.China

In order to establish the quality standard for the mangiferin crude drug from the extract of Mangifera indica L leaf, A TLC method was performed for Identification with Mangiferin as control article, and A HPLC method was performed for the quantitative assay. It showed the same color dots as well as the same Rf value comparing the control article in TLC. In the HPLC quantitative assay, The linear range was

～

0.195 0.975µg ( r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 99.7%, RSD=0.12. The established analysis method was simple, feasible with good reproducibility and could be used for quality control on the mangiferin crude drug from the extract of M angifera indica L leaf.

184

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

Xanthones from Swertia punctata Hebojša qenković1, Katarina Šavikin-Fodulović1, VanjaBulatović1, Ivana Aljančić4, Nenad Juranić3, Slobodan Macura3, VlatkaVajs2, Slobodan Milosavljević4 1

Institute for Medicinal Plant Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

2

Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

3

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, USA

4

Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Isolation of 1-O-primeverosyl-3,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone and 1-O-gentiobiosy-l-3,7-dimethoxy-8-hydroxyxanthon,along with five known xanthones, isobellidifolin, methylbellidifolin,isoswertianin,methylswertianin and norswertianin-1-O-β-D-glucoside,from the roots of Swertia punctata is reported.In the aerial parts four xanthones, bellidifolin, methylbellidifolin, swertianolin and Mangiferin, and favone-C-glucoside, isoorientin were identified, The chemotaxonomic and harmacological significance of these results is discussed.

Study on the extracting method of mangiferin in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge and Comparison of content of mangiferin in hair, skin and meat of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge De Ji, Tulin Lu, Seng Song Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China

A HPLC method has developed to study the contents of mangiferin exacted by different extracting method and different extraction solvents, and then compare the contents of mangiferin in hair, skin and meat of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. The results shown using ultrasound extraction method with 50% alcohol as extraction solvent can entirely extract mangiferin in hair, skin and meat of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge, and the extraction method is convenient and easy to use. The content of mangiferin in hair, skin and meat of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge is 0.298%, 0.538% and 0.826% respectively. This method is simple, rapid, accurate and can be repeated.

185

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Study of extraction and stability of yellow pigment from mango leaves Guofeng Wei, Jinsheng Cheng, Zuliang Huang, Youcheng He Department of Applied Chemistry, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, P. R. China

An optimizedly experimental design was developed for the extraction of yellow pigment from mango

．The stability of the extracted pigment was also analyzed ． Results indicated that the best extraction solvent is 60 ％ ethanol-water solution，the ratio of raw material to solvent is 1:9 (g:mL)，the extraction temperature is 60℃, and 1.5 hours of refluxing time for twice extraction. The extraction rate of the pigment is 81.23％. The yellow pigment of mango leaves was stable when treated with acid and heat，Na ，Zn ，oxidant and food additives (such as glucose，citric acid and sodium benzoate) can not affect the yellow pigment, Fe , Cu and vitamin C affects slightly on the extracted pigment． leaves by performing orthogonal test and using mango leaves as raw materials

+

2+

3+

2+

Extraction and identification of total flavone from mango leaves Yulian Tang1, Haini Li1, Haihua Liu2, Suoyi Huang3, Guofeng Wei3 1

Undergraduate of Grade 2003, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical College

for Nationalities, Baise, P. R. China 2

Undergraduate of Grade 2004, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical College

for Nationalities, Baise, P. R. China 3

Department of Chemistry, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, P. R. China

In order to make full use of the mango plant resources, a pure physical technological process was used to extract flavones from mango leaves, and the contents of the total flavone were determined by spectrophotometry measurement. The recovery rate of this method was 97.33%. This extraction method is a pure physical process without any pollution, which can be an effective way for extracting flavones from mango leaves.

186

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Extraction and identification of mangiferin from Mangifera indica leaves Huayi Huang1, Chaozan Nong1, Lingxiao Guo1, Gang Meng1, Xiliang Zha2 1

Guangxi Nationalities Hospital, Nanning, P.R.China

2

Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China

Mangiferin was extracted and purificated from Mangifera indica leaves by alcohol percolation and other methods, the extractive mangiferin was identified by polyamide thin layer chromatography, spectral absorption scan analysis, infrared absorption spectrum analysis , high performance liquid chromatography and high performance capillary electrophoresis methods. The extractive mangiferin was golden yellow and

℃. Ferric

showed as needle style crystal under light microscopy examination. Its melting point was 271-273

trichloride and strontium chloride reactions were positive. The Rf value of polyamide thin layer chromatography was 0. 46. Spectrum absorption, infrared spectrum, high performance liquid chromatography, high performance capillary electrophoresis results and all parameters above were similar to that of the control mangiferin. The purity of mangiferin extracted from domestic Mangifera indica leaves is similar to that of the standard confirmed by above determined methods. It can be used in pharmacology research.

Extraction of total flavanone from mango leaves by ultrasonic wave Suoyi Huang1, Haini Li2, Yulian Tang2, Jingxuan Zhang2 1

Department of Chemistry, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, P. R. China

2

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, P. R. China

An extract method for total flavanone from mango leaves was studied in order to make use of the resources of mango leaves. The flavanones were extracted by ethanol from mango leaves with ultrasonic wave and the extracted flavanone was determined by spectrophotometer. The density content of the total flavanone extracted from mango leaves was 2900mg/mL and the recovery rate was 100. 2%. This method is a purely physical process which has not any pollution and can be an ideal way to extract the flavanone from mango leaves.

187

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Optimized procedures for quercetin extraction from Mangifera indica Linn. leaf based on orthogonal design Hang Dai1,Xiaotao Hou1,Lixia Zhou1,Yinfang Shen2 1

Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University,Nanning,P.R.China

2

Yunshang Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited,Nanning,P.R.China

In order to optimize the procedures for extracting quercetin from Mangifera indica Linn. leaf, the extraction procedures were evaluated by quercetin yield determined by HPLC based on the orthogonal test. The main factor influencing quercetin extraction was the contents of sulfuric acid.The optimal condition for quercetin extraction was the addition of 40-time volume of 5% sulfuric acid with 60-minute ebullition hydrolization.This method is simple and stable.

Determination of mangiferin and homomangiferin in almond leaves by HPLC Shengbo Wang, Xu Feng, Chengxia Xu, Lili Wang, Jieping Qin Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China

A HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of mangiferin and homomangiferin in almond leaves has been developed and four samples of almond leaves from different areas have been determined. The separation was performed on a Elite Hypersil C18 column (5µm, 4.6mmIDX250mm), with a gradient system of acetonitrile-0.1%H3PO4 as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detective wavelength

℃.The linear ranges of mangiferin and homomangiferin were

was 258nm, the column temperature was 30

good within the range of 0.0254-0.508ug/uL(r=0.9999) for mangiferin and 0.000960-0.0192ug/uL (r=0.9999) for homomangiferin. The average recovery rate was 100.7% (RSD=2.8%) and 100.6% (RSD=2.6%) respectively. The method is simple and accurate with good reproducibility. It can be used to determine the contents of mangiferin and homomangiferin in almond leaves.

188

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of gallic acid in mango leaves by HPLC Xu Feng, Shengbo Wang, Jiagang Deng, Jieping Qin Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China

A method for determining the contents of gallic acid in mango leaves from different producing areas and breeds was established. The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6mm×150mm,

∶95) as mobile phase at flow rate of The liner range of gallic acid was 0.00512µg/µL～

5µm) column with methanol 0.1%H3PO4 (0.1%triethylamine) (5 1.0mL/min.The detection wavelength was 270nm.

0.06144µg/µL(r=0.999 7), the average recovery rate was 98.3%and RSD was1.7%(n=6). The contents of gallic acid in mango leaves from different producing areas and breeds were different. The method is sensitive, accurate, quick, characteristic and reproducible.

Study on the content of mangiferin in mangifera indica L. from different areas Jiagang Deng，Xu Feng, Qin Wang, Jie ping Qin, Yong Ye Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China

A method was established to determine Mangiferin in the leaves of Mangifera indica L. from different areas. Mangiferin was separated by Luna 5um C18 (2) column (4.6mmID×250mm) with a mobile phase of methanol- 0.1% phosphoric acid solution (30:70) and detected at a wavelength of 258nm. The

～

calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.132 2.63µg (r=0.99999). The average recovery rate was 98.7% and RSD=2.6% (n=6).

The content of Mangiferin in sample of Guire No.82 from Nanning was the

highest among the fourteen samples. The content of Mangiferin in the leaf of Mangifera indica L. was very different due to the different sample-variety and sample-region.

189

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of mangiferin and homomangiferin in manggo leaves by HPLC Xu Feng,

Shengbo Wang，Jiagang Deng，Jieping Qin

Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University,Nanning, P.R. China

A HPLC method for the determination of mangiferin and homomangiferin in manggo leaves was establishe. The separation was performed on Elite Hypersil ODS column (4.6mm×250mm, 5µm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-0.1%H3PO4 in a gradient mode; flow rate: 1.0mL/min; detective wavelength: 258nm;

℃, sample volume: 5µL. There was good leaner relationship of mangiferin and within the range of mangiferin: 0.0254 ～ 0.508µg/µl (r=0.9999), homomangiferin

column temperature: 30 homomangiferin 0.000960

～ 0.0192µg/µl

(r=0.9999). The average recovery rate were 101.7% (RSD=2.0%), 101.0%

(RSD=1.7%). It preliminarily established a method for the determination of mangiferin and homomangiferin in manggo leaves by HPLC. It can further improve the quality control system of manggo leaves.

Determination of impurity of homomangiferin in raw medicine of mangiferin by HPLC Xu Feng, Jiagang Deng, Jieping Qin, Jiaxi Xi , Weidong Zhong, Shengbo Wang Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China

A HPLC was used to determine Homomangiferin in raw medicine of mangiferin. homomangiferin was separated on a Hypersil ODS 5µm column(4.6 mm ID×250 mm) with a mobile phase of

∶68)and detected at a wavelength of 258 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.042 4～0.848µg(r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate was 97.8%and methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution(32

RSD=2.2% (n=6). The method is simple, sensitive and precise.It can be used for the determ ination of homomangiferin in raw medicine of Mangifierin..

190

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Comparison of HPLC fingerprint among different tissues of Mangifera indica L. Xu Feng, Jiagang Deng, Jieping Qin, Xinhua Wang, Wei Zhang Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China

To study HPLC fingerprint of methanol extracts from different tissues of Mangifera indica L. in various species and make a comparison among them. A waters symmetry C18 (5µm, 4.6mm×250 mm) column was applied with 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase in a gradient mode.The flow rate was

℃, and the wavelength of detection was 216nm. The HPLC

1.0mL/min, the temperature of column was 25

fingerprint of Mangifera indicaL. in different tissues showed great difference. The Homogeneity should be taken into consideration when study the fingerprint of caulis herbs.

Comparison research on the content of mangiferin between manggo leaf and manggo branch Jiagang Deng, XuFeng, Qin Wang, Jieping Qin, Yong Ye, Feng Chen Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University,Nanning, P.R. China

The contents of mangiferin in the leaves and branches of mango tree from different collecting area and different varieties were separated by a Luna C18(2)(5µm,4.6 mm ID×250mm) column with a mobile phase

∶

of methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution (32 68) and detected at a wavelength of 258 nm. There was good linearity relationship between the samples and peak area of mangiferin within the range of 0.132-2.630µg (r=0.99999), the average recovery rate was 99.36%, RSD1.3% (n=6). There are great difference of mangiferin between the manggoes in leaves and branches from different producing area and breeds.

191

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of gallic acid in the leaves of 4 genera of Mangifera indica L. by RP-HPLC Xiaotao Hou, Hang Dai, Lixia Zhou Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University,Nanning, GuangXi, China

A HPLC method was applied to measure the contents of gallic acid in the leaves of Mangifera indica L. The contents of gallic acid were different in various Mangifera indica L. The contents of gallic acid in the leaves of Tianyangxiangmang were the highest. The contents of gallic acid in the leaves of Hongxiangya were the lowest. The method is simple, reliable, accurate and can be used to control the quality of the leaves of Mangifera indica L.

Determination of mangiferin, neomangiferin in Rhizoma anemarrhenae from different producing area Wansheng Chen, Li Li, Chuanzhuo Qiao, Fubao Dai College of Pharmaceutical Science, Second military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China

In order to study the effects of growing condition on quality of Rhizoma anemarrhenae, the contents of mangiferin and neomangiferin in Rhizoma anemarrhenae from same growing period, different habitats and different organs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on a Lichrosorb Rp-C18 10 µm (4. 6 mm×250 mm) column with 25% (v/v) acetic acid-methanol (70:30) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.8 ml/min, with detection at 320nm. The method is rapid, accurate and with good reproducibility. The contents of mangiferin, neomangiferin and the ratio of them were particularly different between different habitats. The content of mangiferin was relatively high in roots and leaves. Root of Rhizoma anemarrhenae can be used as medicine, and leaf is one of the natural resources of mangiferin.

192

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Comparison of mangiferin content in different cultivars of mango leaves Xuejian Li1, Changlin Mo2, Jianggang Deng1 1

Guangxi Trditional Chinese Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi, P.R.China

2

Guangxi Science and Technology, Nanning,Guangxi,P.R.China

In Order to compare the mangiferin content in different cultivars of mango leaf, the contents of mangiferin in mango leaf were determined by HPLC. Mango leaves were collected from Tianyang Guangxi, 16 cultivars of mango and a local species were determined. The content of mangiferin in Tainongyihao leaf was the highest, in Guiqimang leaf was the lowest. From the determination results of mangiferin content, only 3 cultivars were higher than local species, other 13 cultivars were similar to local species. There was no significant difference of mangiferin content between local species and most cultivars.

Determination of mangiferin of the aerial parts in Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa Keqin Lin1,Xueying Yu1,Haoyou Wang2,Zhijun Ma1,Hongtao Wang1 1

Institute of Natural Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Science,Harbin,China

2

Harbin Normal University, Harbin,China

TLC was used to identify mangiferin. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the content of mangiferin in the aerial parts of Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa. The separation was performed on a NOVA-PACK column (150×3.9 mm) with methanol-water (10:90) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min, with detection at 207 nm. The content of mangiferin was 140 mg/100 g.

193

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of mangiferin in dejecta of rabbit by RP-HPLC Chunhui Zeng1,Xiaojiao Pan1,Ke Yang1,Dezhi Tang2,Jiagang Deng1,Liyong Fan3 1

Pharmacy College of Guangxi TCM University, Nanning, P. R. China

2

Nanning Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, P. R. China

3

Guangxi Sante Medical and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., P. R. China

To investigate the excretion p rocess ofmangiferin after single oral administration in rabbit, RP-HPLC was used to determinate the mangiferin in dejecta of rabbits in 6 days after administration. It is resulted that the prototype of mangifein was detected in the first day and the second day after administration, instead of the third day. The fecal excretion rates were 20.32 %, 4.12%, respectively, and the total fecal excretion rate was 24. 44%. The recovery rate of mangiferin was 99. 87%, RSD was 1. 92%. It is conclused that a sensitive accurate and reproducible method for the concentration measurement of mangiferin in the dejecta of rabbit is developed.

Determination of mangiferin in Qingqiliangying injection by RP-HPLC Tianshan Wang, Yang Pan, Guoxiang Ma, Lian Chen Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China

A RP-HPLC method has been established for the determination of mangiferin in Qingqiliangying injection. The mangiferin was separated on a Nova-pak C18 column (150mm ×3. 9mm) and detected at 258nm, using methanol-tetrahydrofuran-0. 85 %H3 PO4 aqueous solution (500:80:15) as the mobile phase. The average recovery of mangiferin was 100. 9 %. This method is simple, rapid, and well reproducible, and thus very reliable for the quality control of Qingqiliangying Injection.

194

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of the contents of mangiferin and berberine hydrochloride in the Zishen Pills by RP-HPLC Ronghua Dai, Jun Gao,Xi Wang, Kaishun Bi School of Pharmacy,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang,P.R.China

A RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the contents of mangiferin and berberine hydrochloride in the Zishen Pills. The mobile phase (1) was: CH3OH:H2O:HOAc (22:78:0.6 ,V:V), the detection wavelength was 320 nm. The mobile phase (2) was: CH3OH:CH3CN:H2O: (CH3CH2) 3N(10:23:70:02

,V:V) , pH = 4 (H3PO4), the detection wavelength was 340nm. The average recovery of

mangiferin was 97.3 %, RSD = 1.9 %( n =5), the average recovery of berberine hydrochloride was 100.8 %, RSD = 2.8 %( n = 5). The methods were simple and accurate, and can be used for the quality control of the Zishen Pills.

Determination of mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae from different habitats by HPLC-UV Rongrong Ma1,2,* , Yihong Tang2, Chunhui Ma2, Zhixiong Li2 1

Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of

Commerce, Harbin, P.R. China 2

Shanghai Institutes of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China

A method was established to determine the mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae from different habitats. HPLC method is performed on a DiamonsilR C18 (250mm ×4. 6mm, 5µm) column. The chromatography condition consisted of CH3CN - H2O (15:85V /V ) ( pH=3 ) with the detection wavelengh

℃ and the flow rate is 1.0 mL /min. HPLC method is developed

at 254 nm. The column temperature is at 20

for the determination of mangiferin in rhizome anemarrhenae from different habitats. The sample from Tianzhen owns the highest content of mangiferin. This method is simple, reliable, repeatable, and is suitable for the determination of mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae.

195

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae from different habitats by HPLC Zhongqin Shen Kunshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiangsu Kunshan, P.R. China

High-performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine the content of mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae from different habitats. The chromatography condition consisted of the mobile phase was water-acetonitrile-0.85% phosphonic acid (100:25:5), The flow rate was 1.0mL /min and the column temperature was 30

℃, with the detection wavelengh was 258 nm. The content of mangiferin in

rhizoma anemarrhenae from Hebei, Neimeng, Shanxi, Shanxi, Anhui were 0.05~1.93%. The method is

，

simple, rapid, accurate

repeatable, The content of mangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae from different

habitats was differentiation.

Determination of mangiferin and sarsasapogenin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and stir-baked rhizoma anemarrhenae before sprinking salt solution by HPLC Xiaoping Dang, Chunqin Mao*, Tulin Lu, Jiajia Xu, Jing wang Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210046, PR China

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD were employed to determine the content of mangiferin and sarsasapogenin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and stir-baked rhizoma anemarrhenae before sprinking salt solution. The chromatography condition for determination of mangiferin was performed on a Kromasil column (250 mm ×4.6mm, 5µm). The mobile phase was water-acetonitrile -0.85% phosphonic acid (100:25:5 ). The flow rate was 0.6mL/min. The column temperature was 30

℃, and the detection wavelengh

was 258 nm.To determination sarsasapogenin, a Kromasil column (250 mm ×4.6mm, 5µm) was used, the

℃,

mobile phase was methanol-water (95:5), the flow rate was 1.0mL /min. The column temperature was 30

℃

and the detector was ELSD. The diift tube temperature was 85 . The content of mangiferin and sarsasapogenin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and stir-baked rhizoma anemarrhenae before sprinking salt solution were both to be improved. The method is suitable for the quality evaluation and quality control of mangiferin and sarsasapogenin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and stir-baked rhizoma anemarrhenae before sprinking salt solution.

196

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and its preparation by HPLC Hongli Zhai1,2,*, Lianna Sun1,2, Wei Lai1,2, Xiaojing Yu1,2, Wansheng Chen2,3 1

Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P.R. China

2

Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University,

Shanghai, P.R. China 3

Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, SecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity, Shanghai, P.R. China

A HPLC method was established to determine the content of mangiferin and neomangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and its preparation. The determination was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm ×4.6mm, 5µm, Dkima) ,with the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile -water-formic acid (12:88:1.7). The detection wavelength was 317nm, and the flow rate was 0.8 ml/min. The calibration curves of mangiferin and neomangiferin were linear between 2.45 ~ 49.00 µg/mL (r =0. 9993), 0.99~37.60µg/mL (r =0. 9991) respectively. This method is simple, accurate, reliable and is suitable for determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin.

Determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae by HPLC Yonggang Zhou1,*, Sheng Huang2, Li Gu2, Bin Wang3, Guoqing Zhang3, Ziyang Lou2 1

The 81th Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, P.R. China

2

The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China

3

The Eastern Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai, P.R. China

A HPLC method was established to determine the content of mangiferin and neomangiferin in rhizoma anemarrhenae. A Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6mm, 5µm) with a grient mobile phase composed of 25 mmol/L dihydrophosphate potassium and acetonitrile were used. The decection wavelength was 257 nm and the flow rate was 1.0mL/min. The calibration curves of mangiferin were linear between 14.2~568.5µg/mL (r =0.9999), the neomangiferin were 14.8~590.5µg/mL. The within-day precision RSD was both less than 4.5% and the inter-day precision RSD was less than 3.9%. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and is suitable for the determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin.

197

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of chimonin and forsythiaside in Kangbingdu oral liquid by RP-HPLC Fangmei Li1,*, Zhaozhan Lin2, Songfeng Zhen2, Chenchen Zhu2 1

Nantong Jinghua Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Nantong, P.R. China

2

College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China

A RP-HPLC method was established to determine the contents of chimoni and forsythiaside in Kangbingdu Oral Liquid (KOL) and a new quality standard for KOL was developed. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: Kromasil RP-C18 (250 mm ×4.6mm, 5µm) column was used, a mixture of acetonitrile - 0.1% acetic acid (15:85, V/V ) served as mobile phase, the flow rate was 0.80mL/min, and detective wavelengths of time process were 0→25 min:258 nm, and 25→30 min:277 nm. Theoretical plate number of chimoni was over 6000 and that of forsythiaside was over 5000.The chimonin showed a good linearity in the range of 48.8ng~1525ng (r = 0.9994), and the linear range of forsythiaside was in the ranged of 56ng~1750ng ( r =0.9995 ). The mean recovery of chimonin and forsythiaside was 97.65% and 99.21% respectively. The content of chimonin in the 10 batches of samples was in the range of 14.40~20.41µg/mL, and that of forsythiaside was in the range of 28.70~36.01µg/mL. The method has been proved to be simple, stable and reproducible, and can be applied for quality control of the Kangbingdu Oral Liquid.

Determination of Mangiferin in Mango peel by RP-HPLC Min-qi Huang1, Han-shen Zhen2, Wan-na Xiong2, Jian-ping Jiang2, Mei-qiong Dang1 1

Guangxi institute of Health and Cadre Management,Nanning, ,Guangxi,P.R.China

2

Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University , Nanning , Guangxi , P.R.China

In order to establish a method for the determination of mangiferin in Mango peel, a HPLC method was established, and a Hanbon Lichyopher C18 (4.6×250mm,5µm) column was used. The mobile phase was methanol-0.3%H3PO4 (32:68) and the flow rate was1ml/min. The UV detection wavelength was 258nm ,The linear ranges of mangiferin were in the range of 0.4~0.8ug with equation of Y=1.065+2.035X,

． ％ ％. This method is simple，accurate，reproducible. It was found that the Mango peel in Bai-se, Nanning, and Tian-yang county

r=0.9999 (n=5) The average recovery of mangiferin was 97.8 with RSD of 1.85

have the highest content of Mangiferin.

198

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin RP-HPLC determination of mangiferin in the leafs of Folium Mangiferae sampled in different months and regions Haibin HUANG , Xuejian LI , Qiuyun LING Pharmaceutical factory of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning , Guangxi , P.R.China

To develop a new method for determination of Mangiferin in the leaves of Folium Mangiferae. Useing this new method, mangiferin in F. mangiferae sampled in different months and in different regions was determinated. A RP-HPLC method was set up, a Shim pack CLC-ODS column was used, methanol-0. 05 mol·L

-1

∶

H3 PO4 (65 134, pH 3. 5) as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1 mL· min – 1, with 258 nm as

detection wave, at room temperature. Samples of F. mangiferae collected in Nanning, Qinzhou and Tianyang, Guangxi province from January to December were determined respectively. The average recovery of the RP-HPLC was 99. 2 %, RSD = 1. 05 %( n = 5). The contents of mangiferin in F. mangiferae was statistically different due to different Sample-regions or sample -time. This RP-HPLC method is simple, specific and exact. The contents of mangiferin in the leaves of F. mangiferae sample in Nanning and Tianyang were statistically similar, but higher than that in Qinzhou. The contents of mangiferin in the leaves of F. mangiferae sampled in July to October were higher than that in the other months. The content in September was the highest, the content in February was the lowest .

Determination of the contents of mangiferin in the roots and stems of Rhizoma Anemarrhenal at different harvest dates Yongfu Hong etc.

A TLC-UV method was used to determine and compare the contents of mangiferin in the roots and stems of Rhizoma Anemarrhenal at different harvest dates. Mangiferin was separated by TLC and then detected at 258nm to count the contents, the linear ranges was in the range of 1~10ug, y=0.0152x+0.007. The determination results shown the root and stem of Rhizoma Anemarrhenal has the highest content of mangiferin (1.26%) in April, and the lowest mangiferin content was in March (0.12%).This study provided some basis data for making use of Rhizoma Anemarrhenal and researching the metabolic process of mangiferin.

199

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin

Determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in Rhizoma Anemarhenal using RP-HPLC Jianjun WANG, Ziyang LOU, Yutian WU Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, the second Military Medical Unitersity, Shanghai,P.R. China

To establish a HPLC assay for the determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in Rhizoma Anemarrhenal as well as its total flavones. The determination was performed on a C18-ODS column (200mm×4.6mm, 5um), with the mobile phase of acetonitrile -0.05 mol.L-1 NaH2PO4 (adjusting PH to 3.20) (10:90). The detection wavelength was at 317 nm. Both of mangiferin and neomaniferin showed good linearity over the ranges of 2.0-40.5 ug.mL-1 (r=0.9997) and 3.0-59.2 ug.mL-1, (r=0.9997), respeclively. The recoveries were 96.4% (RSD=1.79%, n=5) for mangiferin and 97.1% (RSD=2.14%, n=5) for neomangiferin. This method was easy , rapid , accurate , and sensitive . It will be employed for detemining mangiferin and neomangiferin in herbs and tablets.

Determination of Mangiferin and Polysaccharide in Rhizoma Anemarrhenal from Different Origin Honghui Guan 1, Qiuping Guo 1 ,YingGao 2, Xiaohua Yao 1 1

Pharmacy College,Guang zhou University of TCM,Guang zhou, Guang dong, P.R.China

2

New Drug Research and Development Center,Guang zhou University of TCM,Guang zhou, P.R.China

To establish a method for determing mangiferin and Polysaccharide in Rhizoma Anemarrhenal from Different Origin, we used a HPLC method with Dumas C18 (4.6×250mm,5µm)column, the mobile phase was methanol-3% acetic (45:55) at a flow rate of 1ml/min. We found that Mangiferin in Rhizoma Anemarrhenal from He-Bei, An-Hui, Guang-Dong was 0.50%~1.18%, The average recoveries of

％ with RSD of 2.33％ (n=6);The linear ranges of mangiferin was in the range of

mangiferin was 101.54

．

1.29~7.74ug (r=0 9995); Polysaccharide in Rhizoma Anemarrhenal from He-Bei,An-Hui,Guang-Dong was 0.52%~1.91%, The average recoveries of mangiferin was 99.15

％with RSD of 1.94％(n=6). So we

made a conclusion that it was different in the contents of Mangiferin and Polysaccharide in Rhizoma Anemarrhenal from Different Origin.

200

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Quantitative determination of four effective components in Swertia delavayi by HPLC Conglong Xia, Guangming Liu, Yin Wang Department of Pharmacy,Yunnan Dali University,Dali,P.R.China

A method was established to determine the contents of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, mangiferin and oleanolic acid in Swertia Delavayi. The chromatographic condition of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, mangiferin was that the ZORBAX SB-C18 ( 4.6 mm×150 mm , 5µm) was used,

the mobile phase

consisted of CH3OH-H2O( 0.1% H3PO4 ) gradient elution (CH3OH %: 0 min 20 % ,30 min 30 %) , the flow

℃;

rate was 0.60 mL·min-1, the UV detection wavelength was 240nm , the temperature of column was 30

The chromatographic condition of oleanolic acid was that the ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6mm ×150 mm , 5µm)

∶

was used , the mobile phase consisted of CH3CN- H2O( 0.1% H3PO4 ) (75 25) , the flow rate was 1.0

℃.

mL·min-1, the UV detection wavelength was 210 nm , the temperature of column was 40

Swertiamarin , gentiopicroside , mangiferin , oleanolic acid were in good linearity over the range of 0.155 19µg ; 0.018 6 - 1.24µg ;0.00680 - 1.36µg ; 0.15 - 3.9µg.respectively (r= 0. 9999 , 0.9999 , 0.9998 , 0.9996 ) , The average recoveries were in the range of 99 % and 103 % ,with RSD of less than 2%.

The

method is simple , sensitive , accurate and reproducible and can be used to control the quality of Swertia Delavayi.

Determination of mangiferin in Liyan tablets by HPLC Ping Xiao1, Xingzhen Huang2 1

The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, P.R.China

2

Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China

The content of mangiferin in Liyan tablets was determined by RP-HPLC with kromasil - C18 column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid - triethylamine ( 20:79.5:0.5) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, and the injection volume was 20µL. External standard method was used and the wavelength of the detector was set at 258 nm. The linear range was 5.12 - 51.20 mg·L-1, the correlation coefficient was 0. 9999. The average recovery and the relative standard deviation were 102.22 % and 1.10 % respectively. The method is simple and accurate and the precision is good . It is proved to be suitable for the quality control for Liyan tablets.

201

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Determination of mangiferin in Zhibai Dihuang Pill by HPLC Yuerong Chen, Haiqing Liu Qinghai Institute for Drug Control, Xining, P.R.China

The content of mangiferin in Zhibai Dihuang Pill was determined by HPLC with Agilent ODS C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm , 5µm), the mobile phase consisted of CH3OH-0.1% phosphoric acid ( 25:75) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, and the wavelength of the detector was set at 316 nm. The linear range was 0.132- 0.660 mg·L-1 and the correlation coefficent was 0. 9997. The average recovery and the relative standard deviation were 98.14 % and 0.55 % respectively. The method is simple and accurate and the precision is good . It is proved to be suitable for the quality control method for Zhibai Dihuang Pill.

Dertermination content of mangiferin and sarsasapogenine in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae from different areas Xiuqing Hou1, Chunqin Mao2, Tulin Lu2, Shen Song2 1

China Pharmaceuticul University, Nanjing, P.R.China

2

Nanjing University of ChineseMedicine, Nanjing, P.R.China

To establish the determination of mangiferin and sarsasapogenine in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae from different areas. The content of mangiferin and sarsasapogenine in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae were determined by HPLC and HPLC-ELSD. The mobile phase were water-acetonitrile-0.85% phosphoric- acid (100:25:5)

℃. The detection

and methanol-water (95:5) , with the flow rate were 0.6mL /min and 1.0mL /min, at 30

wavelength of mangiferin was at 258 nm. An evaporative light - scattering detector (ELSD) was used as

℃

detector to determine sarsasapogenine with the drifttube temperature of 85 . The content of mangiferin

～

～

and sarsasapogenine in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae from different areas were 0.11% 0.73% and 1.51%

1.73%. The method can be used for the quality control of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae from different areas, the result have provide a scientific basis for processing Rhizoma Anemarrhenae .

202

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Separation of mangiferin by high performance capillary electrophoresis Huayi Huang,Chaozan Nong,Lingxiao Guo,etal Department of Central Laboratory and Tumor Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory , Guangxi Nationalities Hospital , Nanning , P.R.China

In order to explore an effective separation of Mangiferin, A free solution capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to analyze Mangiferin extracted from Mangifera indica leaves. The migration time was similar to that of sigma reagent when monitored at 254 nm, a better separation was obtained using pH 7. 4 boric acid solution-methanol (1:0. 3) as buffer solution. The method is useful for clinical analyses of Mangiferin.

HPLC determination of mangiferin content in commercial Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Yuerong Chen Qinghai Institute for Drug Control, Xining, China

In order to establish an HPLC method for the determination of mangiferin content in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, an external method with Elite-ODS column(4.6 mm ×150 mm , 5µm) and methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(27:73) as mobile phase was adopted. The detective wavelength was 316 nm and the flow rate was 1.0mL /min. The linear range was 0.214~1.07µg and the correlation coefficient was 0.9997.

The

average

99.75%,98.47%,96.96%,with

recovery(n=3) average

of

relative

low

middle

standard

and

deviations

high of

concentration 0.86

were

%,0.91%,0.56%

respectively. The method is simple,accurate and the precision is good . It can be used for the quality control of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.

203

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Comparison of Mangifern in Contents in Different Parts of Mango Tree Xuejian Li, Jiagang Deng Guangxi College of TCM, Nanning Guangxi 530001

In order to compare the mangiferin contents in different parts of mango tree, HPLC method was used to determine the mangiferin contents in root, stem, bark, leaf, branch of mango tree. Mangiferin contents in bud, tender leaf, tender branch and mature fruit were similar to that in mature leaf, but those in flower, stem, root, coarse branch were obviously lower and that in green fruit were significantly higher than that in mature leaf. Mangiferin contents in different parts of mango tree are different.

The physiological and biochemical change induced by mangiferin accumulation in Mango tree D.K.Charkrabarti

Mangiferin is the natural metabolite of Mango. Its accumulation in regeneration buds effects the reproductive growth turning to vegetable growth. The test was performed on the research of the mango physiological change induced by mangiferin. And relationship between normal or disorder metabolism and the mangiferin accumulation in dysplastic type mango tree was confirm in this paper. High concentration mangiferin could lower the activity of peroxydase, catalase, amylase and IAA oxidase but increase the activity of polyphenol oxidas and convertase. Mangiferin accumulateion increased the photosynthesis but lower the transpiration and respiration. Mangiferin could increase the content of chlorophyl, carbohydrate, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nucleinic acid(RNA & DNA), heteroauxin.

204

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Optimization of Extraction Technology for Total Saponin in Mango Leaf Yanqing Tang1, Danping Qiu1, Yonglin Luo1, Suoyi Huang2 1

Undergraduate of Grade 2006 ,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine ,Youjiang Medical College

for Nationalities ,Baise,P.R.China 2

Teaching and Research Section of Chemistry ,Department of Pharmacy ,Youjiang Medical College for

Nationalities ,Baise,P.R.China

The influence factors which affected the extraction technology of total saponin in mango leaf, included alcohol concentration, volume, extracting time and temperature, were studied with alcohol as extraction solvent by ultrasonic wave. The optimized extraction technology for the total saponin of mango

℃ for 35 min, the power of

leaf was as followed : 30 times of amount of 75 % alcohol, extracted at 70 ultrasonic was 100 MHz.

Rapid determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. By capillary zone eectrophoresis with UV detection Jianjin Wang, Shanlei Qiao, Yifeng Chai, Ziyang Luo, Yutian Wu Department of Phamaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , the Second Military University, Shanghai, P.R.China

A rapid capillary zone electrophoresis method was, for the first time, developed for the simultaneous determination of mangiferin and neomangiferin in the Chinese herbal extract from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Optimun separation was achieved with 30mmoL·L-1 Borax at pH 9.18. The applied

℃ and the detected wavelength

voltage was 25 kV and the capillary temperature was kept constant at 30

was 214nm. Uncoated fused silica capillary column 50µm×50cm (effective length 41.5 cm ). Cinnamic acid was used as the internal standard.Regression equation revealed good linear relationship (correlateon coefficient: 0.9995 and 0.9994) between the ratio of peak area of each compound (mangiferin and neomangiferin) and its concentrateion (concentration range: 8.1-162.0, 5.9-118.0 µg·mL-1). The relative standard deviations of relative peal area were less than 4.1%. The contents of the two flavonoids in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. were successfully determined in 6min, with satisfactory recovery and repeartability.

205

Study On Mango Leaf and Mangiferin Isolation and Identification of Oleanolic acid and Magiferin from Swertia punicea hemsl Guangming Liu, Yongshou yang, Guangping Dong, Huai Xiao Pharmaceutical Department of Dali Medical college, Dali,P.R.China

Using pressed silica gel cylinder chromatography to extract, isolated and identify the main chemical compounds from Swertia punicea hemsl, a species of Chinese traditional herbs .Using ultraviolet, infared, nuclear-magnetic and mass spectra to analyse and identify the physical and chemical characteristics of the components.13 monomers were isolated from the alcohol extract of Swertia punicea hemsl. Two compounds were identified. Compound 1 was proved to be oleanolic acid and compound 2 was proved to be mangiferin. Other compounds are being identified. Two compounds, oleanolicid and mangiferin were firstly isolated and identified from Swertia punicea hemsl.

Changes of mangiferin and neomangiferin Anemarrhenae before and after processing

contents

in

Rhizoma

Liu Min1,Zhao Baiyun1,Zhao Liang2,Lou Zi yang3,Chai Yifeng1. 1

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,School of Pharmacy,Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,P.R.China

2

Department of Pharmacy,Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital,Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,P.R.China

3

Analysis and Testing Center ,School of Pharmacy,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai, P.R.China

To determine the changes of mangiferin and neomangiferin contents in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae before and after processing. High performance liquid chromatography HPLC was used to determine the changes of mangiferin and neomangiferin contents in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae before and after processing.The

（pH3.0）, gradient elution. The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM（2004 A edition）was used to evaluate the similarity of the 3

mobile phase was ACN: 25mmol/L KH2PO4

batches of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae before and after processing.Mangiferin in the 3 batches was up regulated and neomangiferin was down regulated afer prosessing.The similarity of the 3 batches was all decreased(