Studi Pendugaan Stok Udang Mantis

 

YWXGJ PHFGXNKKF YWCO XGKFN AKFWJY (E (Ek krpj rpjcs cs qujbb qujbbk k rkpejghk) rkpejghk)  GJ GHYK PK]JW JJJ OHIKAKWKF WXFNOKB JBJ] OKMXPKWHF WKFLXFN LKMXFN MK]KW Gwjhoh Putrj ^ubkfgkrj;), Hfj Okakb=), gkf Zuspkrgjkftc=) ;)Akeksjswk Prcgj Phakfdkktkf Yuamhrgkyk Phrjokfkf Xfjvhrsjtks Mufn Ekttk Pkgkfn, hakjb 8%, ahfufluookf tjfnokt phakfdkktkf suamhrgkyk ugkfn akftjs aksje gkbka tkekp mhrohamkfn gkf ojskrkf tjfnokt phakfdkktkf aksje gkbka ohkgkkf rhfgke mhbua ahfikpkj cvhrdjsejfn .

Oktk Oufij 9.88 on kfg prhgjitjcf cd hddcrt cd iktiejfn cptjaua (Dcpt) ks auie ks =5; ufjts. Mkshg cf teh AYZ kfg cptjaua hddcrt ikpturh akftjs serjap eks fct yht rhkiehg teh akxjaua bjajt cd pcthftjkb rhscurihs sustkjfkmby. Weh ejnehst utjbjzktjcf rkth secws teh rhsubt wjte teh vkbuh kacuftjfn tc 85% jf =0;5 kfg teh rhsubts cd teh bcwhst vkbuh cd 9;% my teh yhkr =0;8. Weh vkbuh cd teh kvhrknh utjbjzktjcf rkth cd akftjs serjap cd teh yhkrs (=0;8-=0;5) cd 79.>8% rhscurih utjbjzktjcf bhvhbs, jfgjiktjfn k akftjs serjap stjbb jf teh ghvhbcpjfn stknh kfg kf g teh rkfnh cd utjbjzktjcf ut jbjzktjcf rkth js stjbb bcw jf teh ijriuastkfihs eks fct yht rhkiehg cvhrdjsejfn.

O hywcrg hywcrgss < Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ, stcio ksshssahft, akftjs serjap

;

 

PHFGKEXBXKF Buks wjbkyke ykfn kgk gj Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt kgkbke 8.809 Oa= ykjtu kgk gkhrke pkskfn surut thrgjrj gkrj =5.>49 Ek ykfn pufyk buks :.=80 Oa =. Phrkjrkf uaua ktku bkut ykfn kgk mjsk gjakfdkktokf gkf gkpkt ahamukt ocfgjsj phrjokfkf gkf ohbkutkf ahflkgj akosjakb kpkmjbk gjlkbkfokf shikrk mkjo gkf thtkp shsukj ghfnkf lkbur phamkfnufkf mhrwkwkskf bjfnoufnkf (GOP Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, =0;5). Ykbke sktu suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf kgkbke Xgkfn akftjs (E. rkpejghk)  rkpejghk)  ykfn skfnkt pcthfsjkb gj Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, Prcvjfsj Lkamj. Gkbka Mkeksk jfnnrjs ugkfn akftjs gjshmut lunk akftjs serjap ktku ktku prkyjfn  prkyjfn serjap.. Yhgkfnokf gkbka Mkeksk Jfgcfhsjk serjap shrjfn gjshmut ugkfn mhbkbkfn, ugkfn bjpkf, gkf ugkfn ohtko. Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt ahrupkokf phrkjrkf ykfn ahajbjoj luabke prcguosj phrjokfkf ugkfn akftjs shmhskr 89>.=00 tcfrkpejghk)  shgkfnokf fjbkjghfnkf prcguosj ugkfn akftjs (E. rkpejghk)   ykfn tctkb fjbkj prcguosj ohshburuekf ugkfn akftjs ykjtu ]p;97.7=8.000.000, skak fjbkjfyk ghfnkf (X$  :85.:=5,8>) (MPY Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, =0;5). Nhlkbk phfkfnokpkf ykfn mhrbhmjekf thrlkgj okrhfk phrajftkkf ykfn tjfnnj threkgkp lhfjs jokf gkf phfjfnoktkf threkgkp uskek phfkfnokpkf, (Ykftcsc, =0;4). Ahbjekt pcthfsj ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, phrbufyk

AHWCGH GKF AKWH]J PHFHBJWJKF Whapkt gkf ^kotu Phfhbjtjkf Phfhbjtjkf gjbkouokf gj Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt ykjtu gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ gjbkouokf gkrj mubkf Dhmrukrj-Akrht =0;: .

Kbkt gkf Mkekf Phfhbjtjkf Mkekf phfhbjtjkf jfj kgkbke mhrupk Xgkfn Akftjs (Ekrpjcsqujbbk (Ekrpjcsqujbbk rkpejghk) rkpejghk) ykfn gjgkpktokf gkrj kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut ykfn gjgkrktokf gj Phbkmuekf Phrjokfkf Pkftkj Oukbk Wufnokb gkf Pkrjt JJJ, shgkfnokf uftuo kbkt ykfn gjnufkokf mhrupk tjamkfnkf, muou, phfk, phfnnkrjs, gkf okahrk uftuo gcouahftksj shbkak phfhbjtjkf

Ahtcgh Phfhbjtjkf Ahtcgh ghsorjptjd ahrupkokf ahtcgh ykfn gj nufkokf gkbka phfhbjtjkf jfj ghfnkf

phrkturkf phrjokfkf uftuo ahflknk ohthrshgjkkf stco ugkfn akftjs ykfn gkpkt gjbjekt mkjo gkrj shnj ocfgjsj pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj (Akxjaua (Akxjaua Yustkjfkmbh Zjhbg ) gkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf ykfn akosjakb. Fkauf mjbk phfnhbcbkkf phrjokfkf tjgko bkouokf gkf ohnjktkf phfkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs gjbkouokf shikrk thrus ahfhrus pcpubksj ihfghrufn kokf mhrourkfn okrhfk sjobus ejgupfyk thrnkfnnu. mknj Okbku pcpubksj mhrourkfn kokf mhrgkapko phfgkpktkf pkrk fhbkykf ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ. Ljok gjbjekt gkrj dhfcahfk ykfn thrlkgj akok ekrus kgk phrkturkf thftkfn phamktkskf phfkfnokpkf eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk knkr tjgko thrlkgj ohbhmjekf phfkfnokpkf. Wulukf phfhbjtjkf jfj kgkbke uftuo ahfnkfkbjsjs eksjb tkfnokpkf ghfnkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs (E.rkpejghk), ahfnkfkbjsjs pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Okmupkthf Wkflfn Lkmufn Mkrkt, gkf ahfnoklj thftkfn stktus tjfnokt phakfdkktkf suamhrgkyk ugkfn akftjs ykfn mhrkgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr. Akfdkkt phfhbjtjkf jfj kgkbke shmknkj suamhr jfdcraksj mknj shauk pjeko, mkjo phfnuskek shotcr phrjokfkf akupuf phahrjftkekf throkjt nufk ahfhftuokf krke ohmjlkokf ykfn ahfguoufn upkyk cptjakbjsksj phakfdkktkf suamhrgkyk ugkfn akftjs shikrk bhstkrj gj wjbkyke phrkjrkf Prcvjfsj Lkamj oeususfyk gj phrkjrkf Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr.

ikrk ahbjekt shikrk bkfnsufn oh bkpkfnkf gkf ahbkouokf phfnuourkf threkgkp ugkfn akftjs (Ekrpjcsqujbbk rkpejghk)  rkpejghk)  ykfn gjgkpktokf gkrj fhbkykf ykfn mhrkgk gj Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt. Ahfurut Fksjr (;:58) ahtcgh ghsorjptjd mhrgkskrokf stugj oksus kgkbke thofjo gkskr uftuo ahtcgh phfhbjtjkf jfj. Pkgk ahtcgh phfhbjtjkf jfj gjbkouokf phfnkaktkf gkf phfiktktkf gktk ykjtu mhrupk gktk ufjt kbkt tkfnokpkf gkf luabke prcguosj eksjb tkfnokpkf shikrk bkfnsufn.

Ahtcgh Phfnuapubkf Gktk Gktk prjahr gkf gktk shoufghr ahrupkokf gktk ykfn ekrus gjouapubokf shbkak phfhbjtjkf mhrbkfnsufn. Gktk ufjt kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut shrtk prcguosj eksjb tkfnokp ugkfn akftjs kgkbke gktk prjahr ykfn gjkamjb shikrk bkfsufn gjthapkt phfhbjtjkf. Phfhbjtjkf gjbkouokf gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ okrhfk koshs ykfn lkue gkrj Phbkmuekf =

 

Phrjokfkf Pkftkj Oukbk Wufnokb ahfyhmkmokf shmknjkf mhskr fhbkykf mkfyko ahfgkrktokf eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs gj phfnhpub ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ. Mkfykofyk prcguosj eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs gjtubjs gkbka mhrkt (on) gkf uftuo upkyk phfkfnokpkf ufjt kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut sktukffyk (ufjt). Gktk ykfn gjgkpktokf gkrj Phbkmuekf Phrjokfkf Pkftkj Oukbk Wufnokb, Ohbkutkf Phrjokfkf Okmupkthf Gjfks Wkflufn LkmufngkfMkrkt, =0;5 mhrupk muou stktjstjo phrjokfkf tkfnokp mkjo gkbka phrtkeuf ktku mubkfkf shrtk jfdcraksj ykfn ahflhbksokf thftkfn ohkgkkf uaua gkrj phfhbjtjkf thrshmut ahrupkokf gktk shoufghr.

Prcshgur Phfhbjtjkf Mkfykofyk eksjb tkfnokpkf gkf luabke upkyk phfkfnokpkf gjiktkt pkgk skkt fhbkykf ahfgkrktokf eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs. Eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs gkrj shtjkp okpkb gjiktkt gkf gjbkouokf phajskekf uourkf ugkfn akftjs thrshmut. Gkbka ekb jfj phajskekf uourkf gkf phfhftukf tjph ohbks ugkfn akftjs gjbkouokf cbhe pjeko phfnuskek ugkfn akftjs jtu shfgjrj. Yhgkfnokf luabke upkyk phfkfnokpka gjejtufn ljok gkbka sktu okbj phfgkrktkf uftuo sktu ufjt okpkb kgk eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs. Yhikrk shoufghr prcshgur phfhbjtjkf gjbkouokf ghfnkf ikrk ahfnkfkbjsk gktk stktjstjo phrjokfkf tkfnokp oeusus ugkfn akftjs ghfnkf kbkt tkfnokp  lkrjfn jfskfn jfskfn ekfyut ykfn thbke gj gkpktokf gkrj Gjfks Ohbkutkf gkf Phrjokfkf Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt.

 1

  ()

Ohthrkfnkf < Iktie 

1 Wctkb prcguosj ufjt phfkfnokpkf 1 Luabke upkyk phfkfnokpkf  lhfjs ufjt phfkfnokpkf 1 Prcguosj phfkfnokpkf phr

Hddcrt  

IPXH

upkyk kbkt tkfnokp (on/ufjt)

=. Fjbkj Pcthfsj Akosjaua Bhstkrj (AYZ) Xftuo ahbjekt mhskrfyk pcthfsj akosjaua bhstkrj suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf gkf upkyk kbkt phfkfnokpkf akosjakb gjnufkokf ahtcgh ghfnkf acghb Yiekhdhr. Gjakfk uftuo ahbjekt phrskakkf kfkbjsjs rhnrhsjfyk phrbu gjikrj fjbkj gkrj ocfstkftk k gkf m <

Eksjb phfkfnokpkf phr upkyk phfkfnokpkf (IPXH) ahapufykj ocrhbksj ghfnkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf (Hddcrt) (Hddcrt)   ykfn gkpkt gjikrj ghfnkf<  1 ∝    Ghfnkf ghajojkf akok pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj gkpkt gjruausokf shmknkj mhrjout <  1

Kfkbjsk Gktk Gktk ykfn thbke gjgkpktokf shbkak phfhbjtjkf gj kfkbjsjs shikrk ghsorjptjd mkjo jtu gktk shoufghr akupuf gktk prjahr. Wulukffyk kgkbke uftuo ahfnnkamkrokf ocfgjsj bkpkfnkf shikrk uaua gkf ocfgjsj cmlho ykfn gjthbjtj. Ahtcgh surpbus prcguosj ghfnkf acghb Yiekhdhr gjnufkokf shmknkj ahtcgh uftuo ahfgkpktokf phfgunkkf stco ugkfn akftjs gjakfk thrgkpkt vkrjkmbh U (luabke ufjt kbkt tkfnokp) gkf vkrjkmbh Z (IPXH). Xftuo ahfnhtkeuj eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs ghfnkf ahfnnufkokf kbkt tkfnokp grjdt njbbfht gkpkt gjpkokj ruaus shmknkj mhrjout <

℆()

 

 

AkxSHddcrt  1  1

 

 

Gktk ykfn kokf gjkfkbjsk gjbkouokf shsukj ghfnkf phfnkamjbkf gktk ykfn kgk. gkrj gktk ykfn thbke gjkfkbjsk eksjbfyk gjnufkokf shmknkj kiukf uftuo ahfgkpktokf ocfgjsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj akosjaua (AYZ) gkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf akosjaua phr tkeuf. Fjbkj AYZ gkf Dcpt  gjgkpktokf ghfnkf ikrk ahamkfgjfnokf fjbkj aksjfn-aksjfn luabke eksjb tkfnokpkf gkf ufjt kbkt tkfnokp ykfn kgk shbkak phfhbjtjkf. ]uaus ykfn gjnufkokf uftuo ahbjekt tjfnokt phakfdkktkf suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf kgkbke shmknkj mhrjout (Ykjduggjf, =00: gkbka gkbka Hdhfgj  Hdhfgj =0;8) <

;. Phfhftukf Iktie Phr Xfjt Hddcrt (IPXH)  IPXH ahrupkokf upkyk phfkfnokpkf phr eksjb tkfnokpkf gjakfk gjgkpktokf gkrj phrmkfgjfnkf prcguosj eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs ghfnkf ufjt kbkt tkfnokp. Phrejtufnkf ahfurut (Hdhfgj, =0;8) kgkbke shmknkj mhrjout <

 1

  

  ;00% 

Ohthrkfnkf k m U Z F WP AYZ

< Jfthrihpt < Ybcph < Xpkyk phfkfnokpkf < Eksjb phfkfnokpkf phr sktukf upkyk < Luabke skaphb < Wjfnokt Phakfdkktkf < Pcthfsj bhstkrj (Akxjaua Yustkjfkmbh9 Zjhbg)

 

EKYJB GKF PHAMKEKYKF Ohkgkkf Xaua Gkhrke Phfhbjtjkf Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt ahajbjoj mhmhrkpk ohikaktkf skbke sktufyk ykjtu Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr. Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr ahapufykj mktks-mktks kpkmjbk gjbjekt gkrj bhtko nhcnrkdjsfyk ykjtu shmhbke utkrk Ohikaktkf mhrmktkskf Ohikaktkf Wufnokb YhmhrkfnJbjrOctk, shmhbkeghfnkf tjaur ghfnkf Yhbkt Mhrekbk, shmhbke shbktkf ghfnkf Ohikaktkf Oukbk Mhtkrk, gkf shmhbke mkrkt ghfnkf Ohikaktkf Mrka Jtka.  Jtka.  Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr jfj kgkbke puskt gkrj shotcr hocfcaj hocfca j phrjokfkf gkf ohbkutkf ykfn kgk gj Prcvjfsj Lkamj shbkjf jtu thrgkpkt mkfyko okftcr ykfn kgk gjskfk. Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr jfj ahajbjoj buks wjbkyke :5,;; Oa=. Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr

jfj ahajbjoj iurke eulkf thrtjfnnj pkgk tkeuf =0;> ykfn thriktkt shmhskr >5; aa gkf luabke lua bke ekrj eulkf shmkfyko ;45 ekrj. Luabke ekrj eulkf mkfyko thrlkgj pkgk mubkf Ghshamhr shmkfyko == ekrj shgkfnokf ykfn thrhfgke pkgk mubkf ahj ghfnkf luabke ekrj shmkfyko : ekrj. Gj Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr jfj uauafyk aktk phfikekrjkf shekrj-ekrj aksykrkokt kgkbke ohmkfykokf gkrj shotcr phfkfnokpkf oeususfyk ykjtu ykfn ykfn mhrkgk kgk gjgj Ghsk Ohburkekf Okapufn Fhbkykf Pkrjt JJJ. Ghsk pkrjt JJJ ykfn kgk gj Okapufn Fhbkykf bhtkofyk skfnkt strkthnjs uftuo kotjdjtks phfkfnokpkf okrhfk gkhrke thrshmut mhrkgk gj sugut sufnkj. ^jbkyke phrkjrkf ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ jfj ahajbjoj ikoupkf gjmjgkfn phrjokfkf ykfn skfnkt mhskr mkjo gjmjgkfn phfncbkekf akupuf gjmjgkfn phfkfnokpkf.

WXFNOKB JBJ]

Nkamkr ;. Phtk Bcoksj Phfhbjtjkf Xgkfn Akftjs

  Prcguosj Yuamhrgkyk Phrjokfkf Yuamhrgkyk ykfn gkpkt pubje skbke sktufyk kgkbke suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf thtkpj  ljok tjgko gjkwksj ghfnkf mkjo akok kokf ahfnkojmktokf phfkfnokpkf ykfn mhrbhmje ykfn gkpkt ahrusko pcthfsj suamhrgkyk jokf (Hdhfgj, =0;8). Yuamhrgkyk jokf mjsk ahfikpkj eksjb ykfn akosjaua mhrohbkflutkf gkf eksjb jtu gpkt ahfshlkethrkokf aksykrkokt fhbkykf gkf ahfkamke eksjb phfgkpktkf fhnkrk kpkmjbk mjsk gjtktk ghfnkf mkjo. Fkauf wkbkupuf gkpkt ahamhrj ohuftufnkf phfnhbcbkkf suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf lunk gkpkt ahfjamubokf phrakskbkekf (Kbj, =008). Gktk vcbuah phfgkrktkf eksjb tkfnokpkf gj Gjfks

Ohbkutkf gkf Phrjokfkf Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr ahrupkokf gktk ykfn gjgkpkt gkrj shtjkp okpkb ykfn ahfgkrktokf eksjb tkfnokpkffyk gj Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr ykjtu gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ. Mhrjout kgkbke tkmhb prcguosj phrjokfkf gkrj tkeuf =0;8-=0;5 gjakfk gkpkt gjbjekt ohfkjokf phrshftksj prcguosj suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf gj Pkrjt JJJ ykfn thrgkpkt pkgk tkmhb ;.

7

 

Wkmhb ;. Prcguosj Wkfnokpkf Jokf Wkeuf =0;8=0;5 Fc

Wkeuf

;

=0;8

= 9

=0;4 =0;>

Prcguosj Eksjb Wkfnokpkf Jokf (On) ;08.5::,98 ;05.007,90 ;90.:09,00

7

=0;5

;8:.;>:,00

Ohfkjokf (%) ;: =7 80

Yuamhr < Gktk  GOP Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, =0;5 ykfn thbke gjkfkbjsjs

Prcguosj phrjokfkf Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt ykfn kgk pkgk tkmhb ; pkgk tkeuf (=0;8-=0;5) ahfnkbkaj phfjfnoktkf ykfn mhrvkrjksj. Kgk dkotcr-dkotcr ykfn ahaphfnkruej fkjofyk prcguosj eksjb tkfnokpkf jokf. Dkotcr thrshmut kgkbke phfjfnoktkf prcguosj eksjb tkfnokpkf jokf kgkbke ohkgkkf phrkjrkf ykfn ocfgusjd mknj fhbkykf uftuo ahbkouokf ohnjktkf phfkfnokpkf gkf ahbkouokf kotjdjtks ahbkut, kgkfyk phfkamkekf krakgk okpkb phfkfnokpkf jokf gkf mhrtkamkefyk kbkt tkfnokp ykfn gjnufkokf shrtk phahrjftke Gjfks Ohbkutkf gkf Phrjokfkf Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt shtjkp tkeuffyk ahamhrjokf mkftukf lunk ohpkgk fhbkykf ykfn kgk gj Pkrjt JJJ Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr. Gkrj nkamkr gjktks gkpkt gjbjekt pkgk tkeuf =0;4 thrlkgj phfurufkf eksjb tkfnokpkf shmhskr ;:% ghfnkf luabke tkfnokpkf shmkfyko ;05.007,90 on. Phfurufkf ykfn thrlkgj gjkojmktokf cbhe phakscokf mkekf mkokr ykfn ourkfn shejfnnk fhbkykf ourkfn ahbkouokf kotjdjtks phfkfnokpkf, shbkjf jtu kgk dkotcr iukik ykfn muruo gkf dhfcahfk kbka bkjffyk.  Kgkpuf

lhfjs

eksjb

tkfnokpkf

phrjokfkf ykfn gjgkrktokf Pkrjt JJJakftjs ykfn mkfyko thrtkfnokp kgkbke gj ugkfn (Ekrpjcsqujbbk rkpejghk) rkpejghk) ktku fkak gkhrkefyk ugkfn ohtko ohaugjkf gjjoutj cbhe mhmhrkpk jokf phbknjs ohijb gkf mhskr, jokf ghahrskb, gkf lunk jokf okrkfn. Lhfjs-lhfjs jokf thrshmut kftkrk bkjf kgkbke Whfnnjrj (Yicamhrcacrus ( Yicamhrcacrus icaahrscfj ), ), Yhfkfnjf (Hbhutehrcfhak (Hbhutehrcfhak thtrkgkitybua), thtrkgkitybua ), Okokp Mktu (Butlkfus nrjshus), nrjshus),  Kbu-kbu (Ypeyrkhfk sp )  ),, Nhrct (Pkakgksys akiubktus),, Ourku (Pcbygkitybus citcfhaus), akiubktus) citcfhaus), Ohamufn sp ) Mhbkfko (]kstrhnjbbhr  ),, (Accbnkrgk shehbj), shehbj), Yhmhbke (Pbhurcfhitjdcrahs sp )  ),, Nubkake (Fjmhk kbmjdbcrk),, Pkrkfn-pkrkfn (Iejrcihftrus gcrkm), kbmjdbcrk) gcrkm), Wkbkfn-tkbkfn (Yicamhrcjghs byskf), byskf), Yhamjbkfn (Pbctcsjgkh sp )  ),, Akbufn (Aurkhfhscx ijfhrhus), ijfhrhus), Ohrkpu (Hpjfhpehbus sp )  ),, Bkyur (Wrjiejurus bhpturus), bhpturus), Pkrj

(Gksyktjgkh sp), sp), Bjgke (Iyfcnbcssjgkh sp )  ),, Fcahj Yhbkfnkt (Ekrpkgcf fhehrhus), fhehrhus), (Kfcgcftkstcak iekiufgk), iekiufgk), Yhbkr Oufjfn (Yhbkrcjghs sp )  ),, Xgkfn Putje (Bjtcphfkhus vkffkahj),, Xgkfn Gcncb (Pkfgkbus mcrhkbjs), vkffkahj) mcrhkbjs), Xgkfn Orcsco (Phfkhus shajsubiktus), shajsubiktus), Xgkfn Akftjs (Ekrpjcsqujbbk rkpejghk), rkpejghk), Xgkfn Mhbkfn (Phfkhus sp )  ),, Ohpjtjfn (Mrkieyurk sp )  ),, ]klufnkf (Pcrtufjgkh sp )  ),, Ohrkfn Gkrke (Whnjbbkrik nrkfcsk) nrkfcsk), , (Yhpjjgk Iuaj-iuaj (Ghikpcgjdcrahs sp  )  ),, Yctcfn sp )  ),, gkf bkjf-bkjffyk.

Prcguosj

Phrjokfkf

Xgkfn

Akftjs

(Ekrpjcs qujbbk qujbbk r kp kpejghk ejghk)) Xgkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ lunk ahflkgj shotcr hocfcaj phrjokfkf ghfnkf prcguosj tkfnokpkf ykfn mhskr.

Nkamkr =. Xgkfn Akftjs (E.rkpejghk)

Ekb jfj gkpkt thrbjekt gkrj prcguosj phrjokfkf ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Pkrjt JJJ gjakfk fjbkj prcguosj phrjokfkf tkfnokpfyk ihfghrufn ahfnkbkaj phfjfnoktkf aubkj gkrj tkeuf =0;8-=0;5 thrbjekt pkgk tkmhb =. Wkmhb =. Prcguosj Phrjokfkf Xgkfn Akftjs (E.

rkpejghk)

Fc

Wkeuf

;. =. 9. 7.

=0;8 =0;4 =0;> =0;5

Prcguosj Xgkfn Akftjs (On) (Iktie) ;=.>:;,00 ;9.=50,00 ==.4;0,00 =9.>:8,00

Ohfkjokf (%)

;7 =8 88

Yuamhr :; ghfnkf ohfkjokf 4%, phfurufkf eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs gjshmkmokf cbhe mhrtkamkefyk fhbkykf/krakgk phfkfnokpkf.

Xfjt Kbkt Wkfnokp Lkrjfn Jfskfn Ekfyut gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr Njbbfht ahrupkokf kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ykfn phakskfnkf gjbkouokf shikrk thnko burus gj gkbka kjr mhrnufk uftuo ahfnekbkfn jokf mhrhfkfn. Eksjb tkfnokpkf jokf ykfn sugke gjtkfnokp fkftjfyk kokf thrlhrkt gjaktk lkrjfn ktku gkpkt thrmhbjt pkgk tumue lkrjfn jfskfn (Auedjzkr ht kb.,=0;7). kb.,=0;7). Ahfurut Wkwkrj (=0;9), Lkrjfn jfskfn jfj ahrupkokf lkrjfn ykfn rkake bjfnoufnkf gjakfk mkekffyk augke uftuo gjgkpktokf gkf augke lunk gkbka phfncphrksjkf kbkt tkfnokpfyk. Ocftruosj pkgk kbkt tkfnokp njbbfht mhrmhftuo phrshnj pkflkfn ahajbjoj phbkapufn tkfgk, phbkapufn tkfgk, phbkapufn, phamhrkt, tkbj rjs ktks, gkf tkbj rjs mkwke (Kghbjtk gkf Ykdjtrj, =0;5).Fkauf kpkmjbk gjbjekt shbkak 7 tkeuf ykjtu gkrj tkeuf =0;8=0;5 phrohamkfnkf luabke kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut ahfnkbkaj phrumkekf. Luabke gkrj kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut gj Pkrjt JJJ thrbjekt pkgk nkamkr 7.

Kbkt Wkfnokp Lkrjfn Jfskfn Ekfyut

ahbkouokf ohnjktkf phfkfnokpkf. Yhgkfnokf phrumkekf phfurufkf luabke kbkt tkfnokp ykfn thrlkgj tjkp tkeuffyk okrhfk kgkfyk ohruskokf pkgk kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut shejfnnk tjgko gkpkt gjcphrksjokf ohamkbj. Ohruskokf ykfn thrlkgj mjkskfyk gjshmkmokf cbhe fhbkykf ahbkouokf phfncphrksjkf kbkt tkfnokp pkgkekb ohkgkkf krus thapkt fhbkykf thrshmut ahbkouokf phfkfnokpkf tjgko mknus. Ahfurut (Zusdjkfgkykfj ht kb.,  kb.,  =0;>) phfhftukf gkhrke phfkfnokpkf gjthftuokf cbhe ohkgkkf iukik, ausja, eulkf, gkf ohkgkkf mubkf. Ljok iukik mknus akok fhbkykf kokf ahajbje ahbkouokf phfncphrksjkf ghfnkf kbkt tkfnokp gjthapkt ykfn krusfyk thfkfn gkf tjgko mhrnhbcamkfn.

Yphsjdjoksj Kbkt Wkfnokp Lkrjfn Jfskfn Ekfyut gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ  Kbkt tkfnokp ykfn pkbjfn gcajfkf gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ ykjtu lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut. ekfyut .  Kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ahajbjoj shbhotjvjtks ykfn tjfnnj, ohakapukf shbhosj jfj thrbjekt pkgk ekfnjfn rktjc  rktjc  gkf aktk lkrjfn. Kgkpuf eksjb tkfnokpkf jokf ykfn gjgkpktokf ahfyhsukjokf ghfnkf aktk lkrjfn gkf ekfnjfn rktjc.. Ahfurut (Yumhej, =0;>), kbkt tkfnokp rktjc  lkrjfn jfskfn thraksuo gkbka ohthncrj kbkt tkfnokp ykfn tjgko ahrusko hocsjstha gkf bjfnoufnkf thapkt tjfnnkb gkf mhrohamkfn mjko jokf.

;:0 980 ==0 =78

=0;8

=0;4

=0;>

=0;5

Nkamkr 9. Luabke Kbkt Wkfnokp Grjdt Njbbfht (=0;8-=0;5) 

Nkamkr 7 ahflhbksokf mkewk luabke kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut ykfn kgk gj Pkrjt JJJ ahfnkbkaj phrumkekf gkrj tkeuf =0;8 skapkj tkeuf =0;5. Kbkt tkfnokp thrmkfyko thrgkpkt pkgk tkeuf =0;8 ykjtu shmkfyko 980 ufjt kbkt tkfnokp. Yhgkfnokf kbkt tkfnokp ykfn ahajbjoj luabke shgjojt ykjtu pkgk tkeuf =0;5 ykjtu shmkfyko ;:0 ufjt kbkt tkfnokp. Phrumkekf phfkamkekf ykfn thrlkgj pkgk  luabke kbkt tkfnokp tjkp tkeuffyk okrhfk kgkfyk mkftukf gkrj Gjfks Ohbkutkf gkf Phrjokfkf Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt gkf gkhrke phfkfnokpkf ykfn mkjo uftuo

Nkamkr 7. Lkrjfn Jfskfn Ekfyut

 Kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut ykfn kgk gj Pkrjt JJJ gjgkpktokf jfdcaksj mhrupk sphsjdjoksj kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut gkrj skbke sktu fhbkykf ugkfn akftjs ykfn mhrkgk gjskfk ghfnkf sphsjdjoksj shmknkj mhrjout <

;. Lkrjfn Xtkak/ Mkgkf Lkrjfn Lkrjfn utkak kgkbke mknjkf ykfn mhrnufk uftuo ahfnekbkfn jokf. Mkgkf lkrjfn ahrupkokf mknjkf lkrjfn ykfn mhrkgk thrnkftufn pkgk tkbj rjs ktks gkf tkbj rjs mkwke mhrmhftuo hapkt phrshnj pkflkfn mkekf ykfn gjnufkokf kgkbke mkekf shrkt sjfthtjo pcbjahr 4

 

ykjtu PK (Pcbykajgh) ghfnkf mhfkfn thrgjrj gkrj shr shrkmut tufnnkb ykjtu fybcf acfcdjbkahft mhrwkrfk ejlku trkfspkrkf ghfnkf gjkahthr 0,70 aa ghfnkf pkflkfn ;00 a ghfnkf mhskr aktk lkrjfn (ahse sjzh) 7 sjzh) 7 jfie. Ahfurut (]hfj, =0;5) dkotcr hdjsjhf ykfn ahaphfnkruej kotjdjtks phfkfnokpkf kgkbke mkekf lkrjfn ykfn thrgjrj gkrj ahse sjzh, sjzh, wkrfk  lkrjfn, uourkf mhfkfn, gkf ohtjfnnjkf lkrjfn.

skamufnfyk kgk ;9 phbkapufn scsjs skak ghfnkf ;9 ghpk ktku skak ghfnkf pkflkfn ;9 phbkapufn ;:,8 ahthr. Phamhrkt mhrdufnsj shmknkj phfnjamkfn gkyk kpufn ykfn gjmhrjokf cbhe phbkapufn gkf lunk shmknkj tuapukf uftuo gkyk kpufn. Phamhrkt thrshmut mhrmhftuo sjbjfghr ykfn pjpje mhrwkrfk kmukmu nhbkp gkf thrmukt gkrj mkekf tjake ykfn ahapufykj mhrkt ;,8 cfs.

=. Wkbj ]js Ktks gkf Wkbj Phbkapufn

Eksjb Wkfnokpkf Phr Xpkyk Phfkfnokpkf (IPXH)

Gkrj sphsjdjoksj kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut kgk ykfn dufnsjfyk shmknkj thapkt phfnnkftufn mkgkf lkrjfn ykjtu tkbj rjs ktks gkf mkwke. Pkgk mknjkf ktks gjpkskfn tkbj rjs rjs ghfnkf ikrk phakskfnkffyk gjmkwke tkbj phbkapufn ykfn mhrdufnsj uftuo thapkt ahfnnkftufnokf mkgkf lkrjfn gkf thapkt bhtkofyk mknjkf phbkapufn ykfn kgk pkgk tkbj rjs. Mknjkf tkbj rjs ktks thrgjrj gkrj tkbj ykfn mhrmkekf PH (Pcbyhtejbhfh) (Pcbyhtejbhfh)   aubtjdjbkahft ghfnkf uourkf mkekf gjkahthr 7 aa ghfnkf pkflkfn tkbj rjs 95 ahthr. Wkbj rjs ktks jfj mhrwkrfk mjru tuk. Mhnjtu lunk ghfnkf tkbj phbkapufn skak mkekffyk ghfnkf tkbj rjs ktks.

9. Wkbj Phamhrkt gkf Wkbj ]js Mkwke Wkbj phamhrkt gkf rjs mkwke lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut jfj phrkfikfnkffyk gjnkmufnokf ykfn akfk dufnsj gkrj tkbj rjs mkwke kgkbke shmknkj phfnnkftufn lkrjfn utkak mknjkf mkwke gkf shmknkj tkbj phamhrkt. Mkekf ykfn gjnufkokf kgkbke PH (Pcbyhtejbhfh Pcbyhtejbhfh)) ghfnkf pkflkfn tkbj phamhrkt gkf tkbj rjs mkwke 7= ahthr ghfnkf gjkahthr 9 aa.

7. Phbkapufn gkf Phamhrkt Lkrjfn utkak ahajbjoj phbkapufn mhrdufnsj uftuo ahfnkfnokt tkbj ykfn kgk pkgk mknjkf rjs ktks supkyk lkrjfn thrshmut mjsk mhrgjrj thnko gj gkskr phauokkf kjr. Pkgk mknjkf phbkapufn lkrjfn utkak fhbkykf ykfn kgk gjskfk ahfyhmut phbkapufn thrshmut ghfnkf phbkapufn scsjs/phbkapufn thbur ykfn thrmukt gkrj mkekf sjfthtjs tjgko ahfyhrkp kjr ykjtu Pcbyvjfjb iebcrjgh  iebcrjgh  (PTI) ykfn mhrmhftuo sjbjfghr mhrwkrfk crkfnh ahajbjoj pkflkfn 5,8: ia. Phbkapufn jfj gjpkskfnokf pkgk mknjkf tkbj rjs ktks ghfnkf mhrtulukf uftuo ahfneksjbokf gkyk kpufn pkgk kbkt tkfnokp. Phbkapufn jfj kgk gjpkskfn mhrskakkf ghfnkf tkbj phbkapufn ghfnkf ikrk tkbj phbkapufn ykfn kgk gjaksuookf pkgk bumkfn ykfn thrgkpkt pkgk phbkapufn scsjs. Lkrko gkrj sktu phbkapufn oh phbkapufn scsjs  bkjffyk ykjtu mhrojskr ; ghpk skak ghfnkf ;  

Wkfnokpkf eksjb ugkfn akftjs gjgkpktokf ahfnnufkokf kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn ekfyut (grjdt (grjdt njbbfht ) ykfn kgk gj Pkrjt JJJ Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt. IPXH Xgkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gjphrektjokf shbkak 7 tkeuf ykjtu gkrj tkeuf =0;8-=0;5. Yhtjkp tkeuffyk eksjb tkfnokpkf phr upkyk phfkfnokpkf gjejtufn ghfnkf ahamkfgjfnokf prcguosj tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs gkf ufjt kbkt tkfnokp lkrjfn jfskfn gkskr. Eksjb tkfnokpkf phr upkyk phfkfnokpkf kgkbke jfgjoktcr uftuo ahbjekt pcpubksj ykfn suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf ghfnkf kbkt tkfnokp kgk. Fjbkj IPXH ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ shtjkp tkeuffyk kgk pkgk tkmhb 7. Wkmhb 9. IPXH Xgkfn Akftjs Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Wkeuf =0;8-=0;5 Fc.

Wkeuf

;. =0;8 =. =0;4 9. =0;> 7. =0;5 Luabke ]ktk-rktk

Prcguosj Xgkfn Akftjs (On) (Iktie)

Xfjt Kbkt Wkfnokp Njbbfht (Hddcrt)

IPXH (Iktie/ Hddcrt)

;=.>:;,00 ;9.=50,00 ==.4;0,00 =9.>:8,00 >=.7>4,00 ;5.;;:,00

980 =78 ==0 ;:0 ;.008 =8;,=8

94,88 87,=0 ;0=,>> ;=8,99 9;5,57 >:,>;

Yuamhr < Gktk GOP Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, =0;5 ykfn thbke gjkfkbjsjs

Pkgk tkmhb 9 ahfufluookf mkewk fjbkj IPXH shtjkp tkeuf ahfnkbkaj phrumkekf ihfghrufn tjgko stkmjb. Kpkmjbk gjphrektjokf pkgk tkmhb shakojf shgjojt eksjb ufjt kbkt tkfnokp akok fjbkj IPXH ykfn gjphrcbhe kokf shakojf mhskr gkf eksjb tkfnokpkf shakojf mkfyko. Fjbkj IPXH ykfn gjgkpktokf mhrojskr 94,88-;=8,99 on/trjp. Fjbkj IPXH ihfghrufn ahfnkbkaj phfjfnoktkf gjtkeuf =0;5 shmhskr ;=8,99 on/ufjt. Ahfnkbkaj phfurufkf gjtkeuf =0;8 shmhskr 94,88 on/ufjt eksjb gkrj phfurufkf gkf phfjfnoktkf gkpkt gjbekt pkgk nkamkr 8.



ahthr gkbka ; pjhih gjpctcfn ahflkgj 4 skamufn phbkapufn scsjs. Yhtjkp ;

>

 

IPXH XGKFN AKFWJY (On/ufjt) ;70

;=8.99

    ) ;=0    p    j    r    t     / ;00    n    O     (   50    F    X    E 40    K    W     /    H 70    X    P    I

;0=.>>

87.=0 94.88

IPXH

=0

0 =0;7

=0;8

=0;4

=0;>

=0;5

=0;:

Wkeuf

Nkamkr 8. IPXH Xgkfn Akftjs Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Wkeuf =0;8-=0;5

phfkfnokpkf ykfn kgk pkgk stco suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf.

Mhskrkf IPXH ykfn fkjo ahfnnkamkrokf mkewk upkyk phfkfnokpkf aksje mkjo gkf aksje mkfyko sjsk stco ugkfn akftjs ykfn iuoup fkauf phrbu gjbkouokf phfnhamkfnkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf ykfn cptjaua knkr eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs gkpkt akosjakb. Mhskrkf thrshmut thrlkgj gjshmkmokf cbhe fjbkj Iktie Phr Xfjt Hddcrt   thrshmut gjlkgjokf kiukf uftuo ahfjfnoktokf phfnkrkekf ghfnkf oktk bkjf upkyk phfkfnokpkf ahfihrajfokf fjbkj IPXH ykfn tjfnnj ahfkfgkokf upkyk phfkfnokpkf ykfn mkjo (Dkuzj, =0;0). Mhskrkf IPXH ykfn ahfuruf ahfnnkamkrokf tjfnokt hospbctksj suamhrgkyk ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ kpkmjbk thrus gjmjkrokf kokf ahfnkbkaj a hfnkbkaj ohkgkkf ykfn ahfnkrke pkgk cvhrdjsejfn‑ . Gjakfk ahfurut Fkmufcah (=00>) cvhrdjsejfn   kgkbke nrkdjo phfkfnokpkf gkbka suktu wkotu ahfnkbkaj phfjfnoktkf ktku ahfnkbkaj phfurufkf ykfn tjgko ahfhftu gkpkt gjbjekt gkrj phfurufkf eksjb tkfnokpkf phr ufjt

Pcthfsj Yuamhrgkyk Bhstkrj (AYZ) gkf Xpkyk Cptjaua (Akx Hddcrt) Pcthfsj akosjaua suamhrgkyk bhstkrj kgkbke ohthrshgjkkf stco gkbka luabke mhskr ykfn gkpkt ahaphfnkruej ohkgkkf stco ykfn kgk. Yhgkfnokf upkyk phfkfnokpkf cptjaua ykjtu suktu upkyk kbkt phfkfnokpkf ykfn gjcphrksjokf knkr ahfikpkj eksjb phfkfnokpkf ykfn cptjaua tkfpk ahrusko suamhrgkyk mhrohbkflutkf. Phfhftukf uftuo ahfikrj AYZ ahfnnufkokf acghb Yiekhdhr ykfn thraksuo lunk ahtcgh surpbus prcguosj. Wulukf gkrj ahfnnufkokf ahtcgh jfj kgkbke uftuo ahfgkpktokf upkyk cptjaua phfkfnokpkf gkf akosjaua eksjb tkfnokpkf suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf. Mhrgkskrokf gktk stktjstjo phrjokfkf ykfn thbke gjkfkbjsjs

‒

eumufnkf kftkrk AYZ ghfnkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf (Akx Hddcrt). Pkgk tkmhb 7 gkpkt gjbekt AYZ gkf Akx Hddcrt ykfn gjgkpktokf

Wkmhb 7. AYZ gkf Akx Hddcrt Eksjb Wkfnokpkf Njbbfht Gkskr gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJ Fc. ;.

Wctkb Wkeuf

Fjbkj (k) 

Fjbkj (m)  

Akx Hddcrt

AYZ

7 Wkeuf (=0;8=0;5)

=:9

-0,8=

=5; Xfjt

7;.=>9,88 On

Yuamhr < Gktk GOP Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, =0;5 ykfn thbke gjkfkbjsjs.

Mhrgkskrokf pkgk tkmhb 7 gjgkpktokf fjbkj jfthrihpt (k)  (k)  shmhskr =:9 gkf fjbkj sbcph (m) (m)   ykjtu -0,8=. Akok shthbke gjgkpktokf fjbkj

kftkrk pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj ghfnkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf cptjaua gkpkt gjbjekt pkgk nkamkr >.

thrshmut gjgkpktokf phrskakkf rhnrhsjfyk  1 =:9 =:9 ∝ 0,8= 0,8=  . Ahfnhfkj ocrhbksj ktku eumufnkf

5

 

AYZ EKYJB WKFNOKPKF XGKFN AKFWJY     )    n     o     (    f    u     e    k    W     /    f    k    p    k     o    n    f    k    W     b    j    s    k    E

7=,000.00 AYZ 1 7;.=>9,88 7;.=>9,88 on

94,000.00 90,000.00 =7,000.00

cvhrdjsejfn

=0;5 =0;>

;5,000.00 =0;4

;=,000.00

Xfghrdjsejfn

4,000.00

=0;8 Akx Hddcrt 1 =5; ufjt

0.00 0

;00

=00

900

700

800

400

Xpkyk Phfkfnokpkf (Hddcrt) Nkamkr >. AYZ Xgkfn Akftjs Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Wkeuf =0;8-=0;5

Mhrgkskrokf nkamkr > gkpkt gjbekt ourvk dbuotuksj eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs

980 ufjt ekb thrshmut gjshmkmokf cbhe fjbkj IPXH ykfn gjgkpktokf ahfuruf. Fjbkj IPXH

shtjkp tkeuf ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ Ohikaktkf Wufnokb Jbjr ykfn gjikrj ahfnnufkokf acghb Yiekhdhr. Fjbkj AYZ ykfn gjgkpktokf gkrj phamknjkf fjbkj (k) gkf (k) gkf fjbkj (m) (m)   fjbkj ykfn gjgkpktokf ykjtu shmhskr 77.=>9,88 on/trjp. Gkf uftuo Akx Hddcrt ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt gjgkpktokf shmkfyko =5; ufjt. Mhrgkskrokf eksjb kfkbjsjs gktk prcguosj eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs ykjtu ljok gjmkfgjfnokf ghfnkf fjbkj AYZ ugkfn akftjs gkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf cptjaua thrbjekt mkewk shtjkp tkeuffyk eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs mhbua ahbhmjej pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj. Gjakfk ahfurut (Ycmkrj ht kb.,  kb.,  =005)  luabke hddcrt   ykfn mhrourkfn thrlkgj kojmkt kgkfyk phfnurkskf stco mhrbhmje ykfn mjsk

ykfn turuf thrlkgj kojmkt phfkamkekf upkyk phfkfnokpkf shejfnnk ahamukt eksjb tkfnokpkf ahflkgj gjmkwke pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj (AYZ). ]horujtahf gkf phrtuamuekf gjjamkfnj cbhe acrtkbjtks kbkaj gkpkt thrikpkj kpkmjbk stco ykfn kgk gjnufkokf ghfnkf shjamkfn. Ahfurut (wjgcgc gkf sukgj =004), mkewk ohlkgjkf tjfnokt upkyk phfkfnokpkf ykfn thbke ahbkapkuj suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf kokf ahfnkojmktokf kgkfyk mjcbcnjikb cvhrdjsejfn , fkauf gkpkt gjihnke ghfnkf ahbkouokf phfnkturkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf gkf pcbk phfkfnokpkf.

ahfnkfika phrkjrkf, gkhrke phfkfnokpkf suamhrgkyk gkf gkpkt mhrkojmkt ahfurufyk ohshlkethrkkf fhbkykf jtu shfgjrj. Ahfurut phfgkpkt Kbj (=008) ahfyktkokf mkewk pcthfsj bhstkrj gkf tjfnokt phakfdkktkf mhrphfnkrue threkgkp phfkamkekf gkf phfnurkfnkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf. Fkauf pkgk tkeuf =0;8 ufjt kbkt tkfnokp lunk ahbhmjej upkyk phfkfnokpkf ykjtu shmkfyko

Akftjs (Ekrpjcs qujbbk qujbbk r kp kpejghk ejghk) ) Xftuo ahfnhtkeuj mhskrfyk tjfnokt

Wjfnokt Phakfdkktkf Yuamhrgkyk Xgkfn

phakfdkktkf suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ thrbhmje gkeubu ojtk kfkbjsjs phrmkfgjfnkf luabke eksjb tkfnokpkf akosjakb ghfnkf eksjb tkfnokpkf prcguosj ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gkrj =0;8=0;5 thrgkpkt pkgk tkmhb 8.

 

:

 

Wkmhb 8. Wjfnokt Phakfdkktkf Xgkfn Akftjs Wkeuf =0;8-=0;5 =0;8- =0;5  

Fc.

Wkeuf

AYZ

Prcguosj Xgkfn Akftjs (On)

;. =. 9. 7.

=0;8 =0;4 =0;> =0;5

7;.=>9,88 on 7;.=>9,88 on 7;.=>9,88 on 7;.=>9,88 on

;=.>:;,00 ;9.=50,00 ==.4;0,00 =9.>:8,00

9; 9= 87 85

;48.0:7,= on 7;.=>9,88 on

>=.7>4,00 ;5.;;:,00

;>8 79,>8

Luabke ]ktk-rktk

Wjfnokt Phakfdkktkf (%)

Yuamhr lunk thrlkgj phfjfnoktkf phakfdkktkf ugkfn akftjs shmhskr 85%. Wjfnokt phakfdkktkf ykfn tjfnnj ahfufluookf mkewk eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ thbke aksje gkbka tkekp mhrohamkfn gkf aubkj ahfnkrke oh ocfgjsj eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs kokf gkpkt gjokthncrjokf ahfikpkj akosjaua suamhrgkyk bhstkrj. Wjfnokt phakfdkktkf suamhrgkyk ugkfn akftjs shbkak hapkt tkeuf kgkbke 79,>8%, ekb jfj ahfkfgkokf mkewk tjfnokt phakfdkktkf ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ gkbka tkekp ahfnkbkaj phfnhamkfnkf uftuo ahfikpkj pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj (AYZ) gkf upkyk phfkfnokpkf ykfn kgk aksje gkbka ojskrkf rhfgke shejfnnk mhbua ahfikpkj cvhrdjsejfn.   (Ocajsj phfgunkkf Ytco Jokf Bkut Fksjcfkb (;:>>) gkbka Jrekasyke ht kb., =0;9) kb., =0;9) ahflhbksokf mkewk kgk hapkt tjfnoktkf uftuo ahbjekt tjfnokt phakfdkktkf suamhrgkyk phrjokfkf ykjtu < ;) tjfnokt rhfgke ljok eksjb tkfnokpkf gkf pcthfsj eksjb bhstkrj aksje rhfgke ykjtu mhrojskr kftkrk (0-99,9%), gjakfk phrbu gjbkouokf phfkamkekf upkyk phfkfnokpkf? =) tjfnokt shgkfn ljok eksjb phfkfnokpkf ykfn kgk kokf ahfnkrke pkgk pcthfsj bhstkrj ykjtu mhrojskr kftkrk (99,9% 44,4%) thtkpj gkbka ekb jfj aksje mjsk

gjbkouokf phfkamkekf knkr mjsk ahfikpkj pcthfsj bhstkrj? 9) tjfnokt cptjaua ljok ljok eksjb phfkfnokpkf ahfikpkj mknjkf gkrj pcthfsj bhstkrj ykjtu mhrojskr kftkrk (44,4%-::,:%), gkbka ekb jfj ohnjktkf phfkamkekf ukpkyk phfkfnokpkf tjgko kokf ahaphfnkruej eksjb tkfnokpkf? 7) tjfnokt mhrbhmje ktku cvhrdjsejfn  ktku cvhrdjsejfn   gjakfk eksjb ykfn gjgkpktokf ahbhmje pcthfsj bhstkrj ykjtu mhrojskr kftkrk (6;00%) ljok gjpkoskokf uftuo gjbkouokf phfkamkekf upkyk phfkfnokpkf suamhrgkyk ktku stco gkpkt ahfnkbkaj ohpufkekf.

Ohsjapubkf Fjbkj IPXH ugkfn akftjs shtjkp tkeuffyk gjphfnkruej cbhe eksjb tkfnokpkf gkf ufjt kbkt tkfnokp ykfn mhrcphrksj shtjkp tkeuffyk. Fjbkj IPXH ugkfn akftjs ykfn gjgkpktokf shtjkp tkeuffyk mhrojskr kftkrk 94,88-;=8,99 on/trjp. Phfurufkf fjbkj IPXH shtjkp tkeuf ahfkfgkokf mkewk tjfnokt hopbcjtksj ugkfn akftjs ykfn kgk gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ kpkmjbk thrus gjmjkrokf kokf ahfnkrke pkgk ohkgkkf ohbhmjekf phfkfnokpkf. Eksjb pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj (AYZ) ugkfn akftjs gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ kgkbke shmhskr 7;.=>9,88 on/tkeuf shgkfnokf uftuo upkyk phfkfnokpkf cptjaua (Akx Hddcrt) shmkfyko =5; ufjt/tkeuf. Ohmhrkgkkf pcpubksj ugkfn akftjs gj Ghsk Pkrjt JJJ mhbua ahfnkbkaj cvhrdjsejfn  gkf  gkf mhbua ahfikpkj mktks pcthfsj suamhrgkyk bhstkrj. Yhgkfnokf tjfnokt Phakfdkktkf ugkfn akftjs ahfnkbkaj ohfkjokf shtjkp tkeuffyk mhrojskr kftkrk 9;%85%. Ghfnkf fjbkj rktk-rktk tjfnokt phakfdkktkf 79,>8% ekb jfj ahfufluookf mkewk tjfnokt phakfdkktkf eksjb tkfnokpkf ugkfn akftjs aksje gkbka tkekp mhrohamkfn gkf ahfnkbkaj phrjstjwk ufghrdjsejfn .

  ;0

 

Gkdtkr Pustkok

 Kghbjtk, O., gkf Ykdjtrj, J., =0;5. Phrjokfkf Wkfnokp Njbbfht gj Phbkmuekf Phrjokfkf Fuskftkrk (PPF) Phakfnokt Okbjakftkf Mkrkt. Lurfkb Bkut Oektubjstjwk. Oektubjstjwk. Tcb ;(;) < ;:-=7.  Kbj,

Y.K., =008. Ocfgjsj Yhgjkkf gkf Ohrknkakf Pcpubksj Jokf Whrmkfn (Ejrufgjieys cxyiehpkbus Mbhhohr, ;58=)   Gj Bkut Dbcrhs Gkf Yhbkt ;58=) Akoksskr .{Gjshrtksj}. Prcnrka Pksikskrlkfk Xfjvhrsjtks Ekskfuggjf. =5= Ekb.

Mkgkf Puskt Ytktjstjo Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, =0;5. Gktk Ytktjstjo Phrjokfkf Wkfnokp Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt Gkbka Kfnok. Prcvjfsj Lkamj. GOP Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt, =0;5. Prcdjb Ohbkutkf gkf Phrjokfkf Gkbka  Kfnok. Okmupkthf Wkflufn Lkmufn Mkrkt. Dkuzj, K. =0;0. Hocfcaj Phrjokfkf. Whcrj Ohmjlkokf gkf Phfnhbcbkkf. Nrkahgjk Pustkok Xtkak. Lkokrtk. =85 eba. Jrekasyke, Kzjzke F, gkf Kubjk E. =0;9. Wjfnokt Phakfdkktkf gkf Pcthfsj Akosjaua Bhstkrj Yuamhrgkyk Iuaj  iuaj (Bcbjnc sp.) gj Okmupkthf Wkfke Muamu Prcvjfsj Okbjakftkf Yhbktkf. Mub.PYP . =;(=). Acghb Kfkbjsjs Mjchocfcaj Gkf Phfnhbcbkkkf Yuamhr Gkyk Jokf Ghahrskb (Ytugj Hapjrjs Gj Octk Whnkb), Lkwk Whfnke _GjshrtksjQ. Yhocbke Pksikskrlkfk, Xfjvhrsjtks Gjpcfhncrc. Yhrkfn.

Furekyktj, K., =0;9. Kfkbjsjs Pcthfsj Bhstkrj Phrjokfkf Wkfnokp Gj Okwkskf Pkfnkfgkrkf. Lurfkb Kouktjok. Dkoubtks Phrjokfkf gkf Jbau Ohbkutkf Xfjvhrjtks Pkglklkrkf. Pkglklkrkf. Tcb JT (=) < ;:8  =0:. Ykftcsc,Ytktus G., =0;4. Pcthfsj Jokf BhstkrjOkokp gkf Phakfdkktkf Ahrke gkf Jokf Ohrkpu Gj Yhbkt Kbks Prcpjfsj Fusk Whfnnkrk Mkrkt. Lurfkb Mjcbcnj Wrcpjs. Wrcpjs. Tcb. ;4(;) < ;8-=7. Ycmkrj, A.P., Gjfjke, ^jgjkrsc, GJ., =005.  Kfkbjsjs   ‒Akxjaua Yustkjfkmbh Zjhbg‑  Kfkbjsjs gkf ‒Akxjaua Hicfcaji Zjhbg‑ Ahfnnufkokf Mjc-Hocfcajo Acghb Ytktjs Ncrgcf-Yiekhdhr gkrj Phfkfnokpkf   Ypjfy Phfkfnokpkf Bcmsthr gj ^cfcnjrj.   Lurfkb Jbau-Jbau Phrkjrkf ^cfcnjrj. gkf Phrjokfkf Jfgcfhsjk. Jfgcfhsjk. Tcb ;8 (;) < 98-70. Yumhej, Y., Mchscfc, Y.E., Gkf Kyuajtk, G., =0;>. Kfkbjsjs Kbkt Phfkfnokp Jokf ]kake Bjfnoufnkf Mhrmksjs Icgh Cd Icfguit Dcr ]hspcfsjmbh Djsehrjhs (II]D) Gj WPJ Ohgufn Akbkfn Lhpkrk. Lcurfkb cd Djsehrjhs ]hscurihs Xtjbjzktjcf kfg Whiefcbcny . Tcb 4(7) < ;-;0. Wkwkrj, ]. E. Y. =0;9. Hdjsjhfsj Lkrjfn Jfskfn Phrauokkf Whrekgkp Eksjb Wkfnokpkf Jokf Bkykfn (Ghikpthrus akikrhbus) gj Whbuo Okyhbj. Lurfkb  Kakfjskb PYP DPJO Xfpkttj-Kamcf Xfpkttj-Kamcf.. =(=)< 9=-9:. ^jgcgc

L

&

Yukgj.

=004.

Phfnhbcbkkf

Yuamhrgkyk Phrjokfkf Bkut . Nklke Akgk Xfjvhrsjty Prhss.Zcnykokrtk.=8= eba. Zusdjkfgkykfj, ]., Kahbjk, ].G., gkf ]jykftc, A., =0;>. Prcguotjvjtks ]uapcf Pcrtkmbh Ahfnnufkokf Pkfijfn Xbur Gj Phrkjrkf Lhpkrk. Lurfkb Whofcbcnj Phrjokfkf gkf Ohbkutkf.Tcb Ohbkutkf.Tcb 5(=) < ;>:  ;54.

;;

 

;=

 

;9