STUCKP~1

STUCK PIPE

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

RPW2021A

1

STUCK PIPE

Main causes of Pipe Stuck • KEY SEAT • DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE • UNDERGAGE HOLE - during run in - during pull out • CAVE IN due to: - total loss of circulation - mobile formation - accumulation of debris in collapsed holes

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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2

STUCK PIPE KEY SEAT

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Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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3

STUCK PIPE DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE STICKING

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COMPOSITION OF HEAVY OIL CUSHIONS Composition of 1 m3 of mix: Density Water CaCl2 Diesel oil Emulsion Kg/l litres Kg litres Kg

Agip KCO

Gel Kg

Barite Kg

1.4

275

170

515

45

3

550

1.5

250

155

515

45

3

650

1.6

225

140

520

45

4

760

1.7

200

125

515

40

4

910

1.8

175

110

510

40

4

1050

1.9

155

95

505

40

5

1180

2.0

135

85

500

35

5

1330

2.1

115

75

490

35

5

1460

2.2

100

65

480

35

5

1600

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

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5

DETERMINING THE FREE POINT

The method is based on the elongation of the drill string subject to a given tensile load. method based on the elasticity of steel: • Elongation = (T x L)/(E x A)

where:

T = tensile load (difference in Kg of load that produced the elongation) L = length of the free pipes (m) E = Young’s modulus 21,000 Kg/mm2 A = section area body of pipes (mm2) example: A tensile load of 20 t is applied and the DP point is marked on the TR. An additional 20 t load is applied and the lengthening is measured. L is calculated (repeated 2/3 times to confirm result)

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

RPW2021A

6

DETERMINING FREE POINT FROM ELECTRIC LOGS

• Electrode lowered into well through the pipes, measures deformation (axial and torsion), with results transmitted to surface by electric cable. • At the drill string is applied overpull and torsion: as long as both deformations are observable, the drill string is free; otherwise it is considered stuck at that point.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

RPW2021A

7

STUCK PIPE OPERATIONS

Depending on the cause of stuck, it can be released as follows: • Mechanically, by applying force to the drill string and using the JAR and BUMPER • By pumping cushions into the well: - made of oil - HCl - etc.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

RPW2021A

8

PIPE STUCK OPERATIONS UNSCREWING OF THE DRILL STRING

• MECHANICAL unscrewing, with torsion of the drill string under pull load. • Unscrewing with the aid of an explosive charge (Back-off). The shock wave of the explosive charge deforms the joint to be disconnected, leading to enlargement that favours disconnection. • Cutting of the drill string.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

RPW2021A

9

BACK-OFF Abbreviated description of back-off operation: • Screwing of drill string by increments, with gradually increasing weights and turns. Example: Pipe stuked at 3000 m 0 tons 3 turns 12 tons 5 turns 24 tons 6 turns 36 tons 7 turns 48 tons 8 turns 60 tons 10 turns 72 tons 11 turns 84 tons 12 turns 96 tons 14 turns • Apply tension to the drill string (weight of the drillstring in mud) so that the neutral point falls at the desired unscrewing depth. • Rotate the drill string left (the number of turns is based on length and diameter of the drill string; roughly = 60-80% of the number of turns done to the right). • Run in the explosive charge to the desired tool joint. • Fire the explosive charge.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

RPW2021A

10

PARTED DRILL STRING

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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11

PARTED DRILL STRING

BSR =

Z box Z pin

D4 − b4 = 4D 4 R −d R

Z = SECTION MODULUS (pin and box) Balanced BSR = 2.5 BSR < 2,5

Weakest box

BSR > 2.5

Weakest pin

Note: external wear reduce the BSR

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

RPW2021A

12

DRILL COLLARS

Recommendations to avoid breaking: •Recommended BSR = 2.5 • Consider reducing the O.D. due to wear. • Inventory of materials for planning (BSR, control certificates). • Inspection of BHA at site every 300 hours.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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13

CROSSOVER

Recommendations to avoid breaking: • Eliminate (as much as possible) the number of crossover in the drill string. • Visual inspections and NDT on body and threads (BHA) and identification of markings. • Apply the correct make-up torque. • Control of certificates: - Original material - Processing in shop - Shop NDT

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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14

STABILISERS

Recommendations to avoid breaking: • Identification, marking and inspections by the service companies (NDT inspection documentation) • Site inspections (BHA). • Tightening operations (make-up).

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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15

JAR – BUMPER SHOCK ABSORBER

Recommendations to avoid breaking: • Identification, marking and inspections by the service companies (NDT inspection documentation) •Site inspections (BHA). • Tightening operations (make-up). • Certified revisions of body’s mechanical parts.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

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16

HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES

Recommendations to avoid breaking: • Preliminary inspections of new and site materials. BHA: Control of threads every 300 hours control of body every 3500 hours. • Marking - Identification.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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17

DRILL PIPES

Recommendations to avoid breaking: • Control first 20 pipes above HW every 300 hours (threading and body). Control all other pipes every 1500 hours. • Equipment for ultra-sonic control on site. • Marking - Identification. • Automatic controls of threading.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

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18

PROCEDURE FOR MONITORING DRILLING STRING AND BHA (DEEP WELLS)

• Indelible marking of drill string and BHA • Creation of database to manage tubular materials (code, hours of rotation, date of insertion in drill string). • Control all the DP and HW with ultra-sonic prior to lowering into well. • Control threading of all BHA elements, initially every 300 hours, by magnetic particle inspection (MPI). • Control every 300 hours with ultra-sonic the pipe body size, threads with MPI for first 20 DP above the HW. • Ultra-sonic control of DP after 1500 hours, in lots of 100. • Ultra-sonic control every 3000 hours of pipe body of the HW.

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

Drilling Technology 2nd part

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19

FISHING JOB

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OVERSHOT

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OVERSHOT

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OVERSHOT

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23

TAPER TAP AND DIE COLLAR

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24

TAPER TAP AND DIE COLLAR

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Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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25

TAPER TAP AND DIE COLLAR

Agip KCO

Well Area Operations Drilling Supervisor Training Course

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26

KUNCKLE JOINT

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27

ROTARY SHOES (WASHOVER SHOES)

Agip KCO

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28

WASH PIPE

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29

FISHING JAR

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30

SAFETY JOINT

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31

FISHING MAGNET

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WIRELINE SPEAR

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POOR BOY JUNK BASKET

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CORE TYPE JUNK BASKET

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REVERSE CIRCULATION JUNK BASKET

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36

JUNK BASKET

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37

MILLS

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38

MILLS

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INTERNAL CASING CUTTERS

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RELEASING SPEAR

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CASING ROLLER

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42

CASING SCRAPER

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CASING WHIPSTOCK

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44