Stress en Las Rocas

 

XJNYH\_NFMF JMONGJME FH OMAMKM\OM IMOXEVMF FH NJBHJNH\ËM H_OXHEM MOMFÎKNOG S\GIH_NGJME FH NJBHJNH\ËM BHGEßBNOM ―HE _V\H__ HJ EM_ \GOM_‛ OX\_G1 ―BHGEGBËM H_V\XOVX\ME‛ FGOHJVH1   NJB. RNEFH\ O@X]XN\XJM O@MYHQ O@MYHQ NJVHB\MJVH_1  

 

O@ÍYHQ KM\ËJ, \hjsg M. KMJVNEEM L\NGJH_, @hrjíj

JM\YM BXHYM\M, Gskmr  YM_]XHQ JXÝHQ, Nvíj   ^Q]XNH\FG ]XN_SH, Ornstnmj  

ONOEG1   ―Y‛ OMAMKM\OM 9 FH KM^G FHE

 

NJV\GFXOONßJ Em Bhgegbëm Hstruoturme ogjstntuyh ujg fh egs pnemrhs fhe ogjgonknhjtg Bhgeÿbnog y su pmphe y snbjninomfg `m vmrnmfg m eg emrbg fhe tnhkpg prhshjtmjfg brmj omjtnfmf fh snjÿjnkgs. He prhshjth njigrkh tnhjh ogkg injmenfmf njvhstnbmr, hxpenomr m ohrom fh ems fhinjnongjhs, ujnfmfhs fh khfnfm, fhsogkpgsnonÿj y snbjgs fhe strhss hj ems rgoms mfhkís fh hehkhjtgs quh eg ogkpgjhj y ogjfnongjmj ogkg pgr hahkpeg he thjsgr strhss. Vmklnîj ogjgohr mohrom fhe strhss prnjonpme h henpsgnfh h njvhstnbmr gtrms igrkms fh khfnfm fhe strhss, fh nbume igrkm ogj he oëroueg fh Kg`r ogj hahronongs mpenomfgs m em rhmenfmf pmrm imonentmr em ogkprhsnÿj fh oÿkg motñm fno`g hsiuhrzg ―strhss‛ sglrh ems rgoms. Smrm em rhmenzmr he njigrkh njigrkh sh `nzg ujm njvhstnbmonÿj pgr omfm ujg fh egs knhklrgs knhklrgs fhe brupg ehyhjfg enlrgs, njvhstnbmjfg hj shríj fhtmeemfgs hj em lnlengbrmiëm.

píbnjms whl y fhsomrbmfg pmphrs fh fnihrhjths mutgrhs quh

 

GLAHVNYG_ GLAHVNYG_ BHJH\MEH_1 • Njvhstnbmr quh hs he strhss y oÿkg motñm hsth hj ems rgoms mfhkís fh sus ujnfmfhs fh khfnfm, oemsninomonÿj, jgkhjoemturm, omkpgs, hehkhjtgs quh mihotmj g ogjfnongjmj y fhsmrrgeemr hahronongs mpenomfgs m em rhmenfmf.

GLAHVNYG_ H_SHOËINOG_1 • Fhinjnr quh hs strhss • Nfhjtninomr ems ujnfmfhs fh khfnfm fhe strhss hj ems rgoms • \hsgevhr hahronongs mpenomfgs m em Bhgegbëm • Sgjhr hj oemrg ogkg he onroueg Kg`r phrknthj ujm sgeuonÿj y vnsumenzmonÿj bríinom fh egs ogkpgjhjths ogkg strhss fh onzmeem, strhss prnjonpme y sus íjbuegs rhsphotnvmkhjth.

 

 _V\H__ HJ EM EM \GOM_ He strhss hs uj tnpg fh iuhrzm mpenomfm m ujm rgom y he omusmjth fh em fhigrkmonÿj fh ems knskms.

He strhss hs ujm khfnfm fh oÿkg sh ―rhpmrth‛ ujm iuhrzm me mpenomrem sglrh ujm suphrinonh.

 

XJNFMFH_ FH KHFNFM  

Em ujnfmf fh khfnfm fhe _trhss shbñj he _NX hs he pmsome.

;

   

Fhlnfg m quh egs strhsshs hj em ogrthzm thrrhstrh sgj fh brmj kmbjntuf, sh usm he Khbmpmsome1

=Kpm;=39Sm =KSm;=3 lmr =lmr;=db/ok >). (Jnhkhyhr

 

Ogkpgjhjths

fhe strhss1

   

Ϗx Ϗ xx φxy φxz φyx Ϗyy φyz φy

 

φzx φzy

Ϗ zz

Ogjsnfîrhsh

he omsg kís shjoneeg fh uj hstmfg fh strhss lnfnkhjsngjme. Vhjsgr strhss ;

 

Ϗxx

 

φxy

φyx

 

Ϗyy

 

Smrm quh he ouhrpg phrkmjhzom hj hqunenlrng, fhlh oukpenrsh em snbunhjth ogjfnonÿj1 φxy;φyx. (Jnhkhyhr, =>>>).

 

  _h kuhstrmj egs strhss jgrkmehs y strhss tmjbhjonmehs quh

motñmj sglrh ems rhsphotnvms omrms fhe oumfrmfg, kmjtnhjhj he oumfrmfg hj hqunenlrng. (Jnhkhyhr, =>>>). y quh

 

_trhss prnjonpmehs y henpsgnfh fh strhss Xsmjfg em prgpnhfmf fh quh em jmturmehzm fhe thjsgr strhss jg omklnm shbñj he snsthkm fh oggrfhjmfms, sh puhfh hehbnr uj snsthkm oggrfhjmfg (m, l, o) quh oukpem em ogjfnonÿj fh quh egs strhss fh onzmeeh shbñj egs pemjgs fhe snsthkm oggrfhjmfg shmj juegs1 φml ; φlo ;φom ; 3. (Jnhkhyhr, =>>>).   Ϗm 

3

3 

3

Ϗl

3 

Vhjsgr strhss;  strhss; 

3

3

Ϗo 

 

Egs pemjgs (Ϗ=, Ϗ?), (Ϗ=, Ϗ>)

 

• _hbñj he vmegr mlsgeutg quh tgkhj egs strhss prnjonpmehs, sh fnstnjbuhj egs snbunhjths hstmfgs fh strhss1 • _trhss trnmxnme 1 egs trhs strhss prnjonpmehs sgj fnstnjtgs hjtrh së1 Ϗ= ≣ Ϗ< ≣ Ϗ?. • _trhss lnmxnme 1 sÿeg fgs fh egs strhss prnjonpmehs sgj fnstnjtgs hjtrh së1 Ϗ= ≣ Ϗ< ; Ϗ?. • _trhss ujnmxnme 1 hs uj omsg hsphonme fh strhss lnmxnme hj quh1 Ϗ= ≣ Ϗ< ; Ϗ? ; 3. (Jnhkhyhr, =>>>).

 

Gtrms khfnfms fhe strh strhss ss _h

fhjh ogkg strhss khfng Ϗ me prgkhfng mrntkîog fh egs strhss prnjonpmehs1 Ϗ ; (Ϗ= + Ϗ< + Ϗ?)/ ? Hj

uj hstmfg fh strhss lnmxnme fhjnfg pgr Ϗ= ≣ Ϗ ?, he strhss fhsvnmtgrng hs em fnihrhjonm hjtrh he strhss prnjonpme Ϗ = y he strhss khfng(Ϗ ; Ϗ= + Ϗ? / >>).

 

\HS\H_HJVMONßJ MONßJ FHE _V\H__ KHFNMJVH OË\OXEG_ O Ë\OXEG_ FH KG@\  \HS\H_HJV   Oëroueg fh Kg`r Ogjohptgs lísnogs

 

  Egs oërouegs fh Kg`r phrknthj ujm sgeuonÿj y vnsumenzmonÿj bríinom fh egs ogkpgjhjths ogkg strhss fh onzmeem, strhss prnjonpme y sus íjbuegs rhsphotnvmkhjth. rhsphotnvmkhjth. Fhsornponÿj bhjhrme fhe oëroueg fh Kg`r  He oëroueg brminom ems pgsnlehs rhemongjhs hjtrh φ (tmu) y Ϗ (snbkm) (φ ; onzmeem y Ϗ ; strhss prnjonpme). He ohjtrg fhe oëroueg fh Kg`r ogrrhspgjfh m Ϗ(k) strhss (khfng) Gag1 He bríinog fhe oëroueg fh Kg`r hs uj snsthkm omrthsnmjg nbume m uj fnmbrmkm x/y x/y,, fh fgs hahs), hjtgjohs omfm pujtg ogrrhspgjfh m fgs vmegrhs, mquë hs he φ y he   Ϗ. Smrm tgfgs egs pujtgs hjonkm fhe oëroueg vmeh (=) y (>>) ―Vmjtg egs strhsshs prnjonpmehs ogkg egs strhsshs jgrkmehs y fh onzmeeh puhfhj rhprhshjtmrsh hj uj bríinog omrthsnmjg khfnmjth oërouegs fh Kg`r , ujm njbhjngsm ogjstruoonÿj bhgkîtrnom quh fhlh su jgklrh m su njvhjtgr, Gttg Kg`r, uj njbhjnhrg mehkíj. Hj he snbunhjth prglehkm sh rhmenzm em ogjstruoonÿj fh fno`gs oërouegs‛ (p =8).

 

   Srglehkm   _hm uj hstmfg fh strhss trnmxnme1 = ; =< KSm, < ; 9 KSm y

?

; < KSm. \hprhshjtmr fno`g hstmfg fh strhss hj uj

fnmbrmkm grtgbgjme x ; j vhrsus y ;, khfnmjth oërouegs fh Kg`r. Egs fmtgs pmrm em ogjstruoonÿj sh prhshjtmj hj tmlem.

Ogjstruoonÿj  

 Fmtgs fhe prglehkm

Semjg

Ohjtrg (= (=< < + 9)/< 9)/< ; >

\mfng (= (=< < - 9)/< 9)/< ; ?

(9 +