Strategic Intervention Material (Volcano) (Autosaved)

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Division of Taguig and Pateros Western Bicutan National High School City of Taguig

VOLCANOES! Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) An Intervention Material by: CAFÉ, Adrian O. TRILLES, Jhyane Kyla C. CRUZ, Ryan H. EDIT, John Paul C. ESCANIEL, Daniel H. RESEARCHERS

CONTENTS Introduction Guide Card Activity Card Assessment Card Enrichment Card Reference Card Answer Card Acknowledgement

Introduction: This Strategic Intervention Material tackles about the topic: Volcanoes. On here were about to venture on an adventure through the world of

Base

1: GUIDE

CARD

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. In the Philippines which is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and prone to Volcanic Eruptions for it is a home of many volcanoes. Many of the Volcanoes that can be found here are tremendously beautiful; and the most beautiful volcano is the Mayon Volcano who is known for its perfect cone and other Volcanoes that entirely damaged the country’s landform. As according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) that our country is the ideal for volcanic activity. The PHIVOLCS has also classified the volcanoes whether they are active or inactive. The Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10,000 years ago based on the analyses of

Classifica

Volcan

Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes, and volcanologist has able to classify them according to their landform and eruptive patterns. A volcano usually has a summit, slope and base. A summit may come in a crater or a caldera; a crater has a funnel-shaped opening as the top of volcano while a caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption after an eruption a structure may be formed and this will provide us with clues on what materials can be found inside the Earth. A slope is the slant part of the volcano and the Base is the bottom or the lowest part of the volcano.

CRATER

Caldera

Now let’s discuss about the factors that affects the volcanoes’ eruptive style that’s include: the magma’s temperature, chemical composition and amount of dissolved gases it contains as it will result on the effect through magma’s Viscosity. Viscosity is the property of the material’s resistance to flow or commonly known as the thickness and stickiness. Meaning the more viscous and thicker the material is the greater its resistance to flow. Those factors that affects the Viscosity of magma are first the Temperature. As the viscosity runs through the volcano it decreases with the temperature, generalizing that the higher the temperature of the magma is, the lower its Viscosity is. The other factor that affects the Viscosity is the composition of the magma has. The magma with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica content.

Types of Volcanoes are classified by their eruptive style depending on the magma’s water content, namely: Phreatic, Phreatomagmatic, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Plinian. Other basis are also classified through their Cones: Shield, Cinder and Composite Cones.  Phreatic Is a stream-drive eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is short-lived.

 Phreatomagmatic A violent eruption due to the contact between magma and water. It results in a large column on fine ash and high spees emission

 Strombolian A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava.

 Vulcanian Characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20km with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra.

 Plinian Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic

 Shield Volcano Are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcanoes

 Cinder Cones Are built from ejected lava fragments, they have a steep slope, wide crater and are the most abundant among the three major volcano types.

 Composite Cones Or Stratovolcanoes are large nearly perfect sloped structure formed from alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits.

Energy

Our country is a home to more than a hundreds of Volcanoes. Energy are being tapped from them, these are the heat from the Earth’s interior of a source of energy called Geothermal Energy. It can produce Electricity that is cheaper than other source of Electricity. These Geothermal Energy are being generated in two ways: Geothermal power plants and Geothermal Heat Pumps. In geothermal power plants the heat from deep inside the Earth are used to produce steam to generate electricity. While, In Geothermal Heat Pumps, uses the heat coming from close to the Earth’s surface to heat water or provide heat for buildings. Here are the Steps in generating electricity in a Geothermal Power Plant 1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface. 2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water to turn into steam. 3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a

Effects and

Volcanic Eruption often results into a Negative effects as it causes a loss of lives and properties but it has also a Positive Effects, as eruptions can decrease the Earth’s surface temperature. It can also create a spectacular scenery as well providing or producing a very rich soils for farming. Despite of all of this advantages, we should also now on how to reduce the negative effects of disasters to reduce loss and save lives.

Signs that Volcanoes are about to Erupt as According to the PHIVOLCS 1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; occurrence of volcanic tremors; 2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained ash; 3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater; 4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to magma intrusion; 5. Localized landslides, rock falls and landslides from the summit area which are not attributable to heavy rains; 6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano’s upper slopes; 7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells and Crater Lake near the volcano.

BASE 2: Activity Card

Active

Magma

Base

Shield

Caldera

Slope

Crater

Summit

Lava

Viscosity

Activity 1. LOOPWORD Look for each word below inside the Box

S U M M I T E C

Y L J B K C S R

T A O L G M H A

I M Q P N L I T

S G H O E A E E

O A D R S V L R

C M I T F A D U

S C A L D E R A

I E V I T C A V

V A P W E S A B

Activity 2. JUMBLE

1. ESOLP – -Body of a volcano. 2. CAEITV – -Volcanoes that have erupted within a years ago. 3. NEUPRITO – -The ejection of molten rock as from a volcano or geyser. 4. AMGMA – -Molten rock beneath the Earth. 5. OVLACON – -Is the natural opening in the surface of the Earth? 6. SCNIRED – -It refers to the loose fragments of solidified lava. 7. VALA – -It refers to the magma being ejected out of a volcano. 8. VOLCSPHI – -The government agency with monitoring the earthquakes and volcanoes in the country. 9. AREDLAC – -A crater that is formed when a part of wall of the crater collapses following an explosive eruption. 10. ASEB – -Lowest part of the volcano.

Activity 3. MATCHING TYPE 1. Composite Volcano

a.

2. Shield Volcano

b.

3. Cinder Volcano

c.

BASE 3: Assessment Card

TEST 1:

Write True if the statement is correct and False if not.

______1. Temperature determines the explosiveness of magma. ______2. Composite volcanoes are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcano. ______3. Silica content mainly affect the explosiveness of lava. ______4. Mt. Kanlaon is an active volcano. ______5. There are two classifications of volcano. ______6. Plinian is a violent eruption characterized by fountain lava. ______7. Vulcanian is characterized by tall eruption that reach up to 2 k high. ______8. Phreatomagmatic is characterized by violent eruption due to contact between water and magma. ______9. Phreatic is an eruption due to contact of hot rocks and water. ______10. Irazu Volcano is an example of eruption that is strombolian.

TEST 2:

Multiple Choices 1. It refers to a violent eruption characterized by fountain lava. a. Strombolian b. Plinian c. Vulcanian d. Phreatomagmatic 2. What do volcanologists call the grey clouds coming out of the volcano? a. Cinders b. Lava c. Magma d. Volcanic ash 3. This refers to ejected lava fragments. a. Composite b. Cinder c. Shield d. None 4. According to the Department of Energy, ______ of the country’s total power generation is produced from geothermal energy. a.15.4% b. 16.4% c. 17.4% d. 14.4% 5. This heats from Earth’s interior is a source of energy called ___________. a. Heat Energy b. Kinetic Energy c. Geothermal Energy d. Radiant Energy 6. Which of the following not a sign of volcanic eruption? a. Drying up of springs/wells b. Ground swells c. Increased steaming activity d. Inflation in the economy 7. Philippines is located at _________. a. Pacific Ring of Belt b. Orion’s Belt c. Pacific Ring of Fire d. Europe 8. It refers to the property of material’s resistance to flow. a. Viscosity b. Slope c. Summit d. Caldera 9. The higher the temperature is, the _____its viscosity is. a. Higher b. lower c. Thicker d. Thinner 10. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines? a. Isarog in Camarines Sur b. Apo in Davao c. Bud Datu in Sulu d. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental

Base 4: Enrichment Card

TEST 1&2:

Test 1. Arrange the following sentences according to sequence. Write 1-5. _____1. Cooling tower cools the steam to which it condenses back to water. _____2. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity. _____3. Wells are drilled up into the earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface. _____4. The cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin the process again. _____5. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water to turn into steam. Test 2. Enumerate the different types of volcanic eruption. 1._________________ 2._________________ 3._________________ 4._________________ 5._________________

Base 5: Answer Card

ACTIVITY

S U M M I T E C

Y L J B K C S R

T A O L G M H A

I M Q P N L I T

S G H O E A E E

O A D R S V L R

C M I T F A D U

S C A L D E R A

I E V I T C A V

V A P W E S A B

ANSWERS. 1.

ACTIVITY 2. 1. Slope 2. Active 3. Eruption 4. Magma 5. Volcano

6. Cinders 7. Lava 8. PHIVOLCS 9. Caldera 10. Base ACTIVITY 3:

1. C

2. A

3. B

ASSESSMENT. Test1.

Test2.

1. False

6. False

1. A

6. D

2. False

7. False

2. D

7. C

Reference: Grade 9 Science Learners Module

Acknowledgement: The researchers are very grateful to GOD ALMIGHTY for without His graces and blessings, this study would not have been possible, who gives us