Strategi Marketing PT Indofood Kelompok 5

 

 IGMGOJIJM ^JIGSGPGM SXPGXJEK IGPFJXKME ^GHG ^X. KMHDADDH

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0>0>>3>>80 0>0>>3>>:3 0>0>>3>>8: 0>0>>3>>31

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G.  ^JMHGBZLZGM Strgtjek igrfjtkme ghglgb fjsjlurubgm rjmcgmg pjigsgrgm `ksmks umtuf ijmogmefgu ijmogmefgu drgme hgm ijmeu`gbmyg ijmoghk pjlgmeegm umtuf prdhuf gtgu lgygmgm ygme fktg sjhkgfgm. Strgtjek kmk hglgi sugtu pjrusgbggm `jrksk prdpdsksk mklgk pjrusgbggm, cgrg  pjigsgrgm tjr`gkf, kmadrigsk tjmtgme sgsgrgm pjlgmeegm hgm bgl-bgl lgkm ygme  `jrbu`umegm hjmegm hjmegm rjmcgmg pjigsgrgm. Strgtjek igrfjtkme hgpgt `jrksk rjmcgmg pjigsgrgm ygme oueg ijrupgfgm rjmcgmg umtuf ijmog`grfgm ojmks hgm wgftu fjekgtgm pjigsgrgm. Hglgi strgtjek kmk, pjrusgbggm bgrus ijiklkfk hurgsk ygme lj`kb pgmogme hgrkpghg rjmcgmg pjigsgrgm kmhkvkhu, fgrjmg strgtjek kmk ijipjrtgrubfgm prdpdsksk mklgk hgm jljijm-jljijm pjmtkme hgrk ijrjf hglgi sj`ugb pjrusgbggm. Bgl-bgl kmk khjglmyg tkhgf `gmygf `jru`gb sjkrkme wgftu  `jroglgm. Ijsfkpum trgmsksk gmtgrg fjhugmyg `urgi, strgtjek igrfjtkme ijmcgfup egi`grgm  `jsgr hgrk gpg ygme hktgwgrfgm `ksmks, sjpjrtk prdpdsksk mklgk hgm pjsgm ijrjf tjrfgkt sjhgmefgm umtuf rjmcgmg pjigsgrgm ghglgb tjmtgme cgrg `gegkigmg `ksmks gfgm ijmygipgkfgm pjsgm utgig sjpjrtk? plgtadri, kflgm frjgtka, wgftu, hgm sj`gegkmyg. Hglgi bgl kmk fgik ijmcd`g ijmegmglksg strgtjek igrfjtkme hgrk ^X. Kmhdaddh Kmhdmjskg. @.  SJOGPGB ^JPZSGBGGM ^jrusgbggm kmk hkhkrkfgm hjmegm mgig ^X ^gmegmogyg Kmtkfusuig `jrhgsgrfgm Gftg ^jmhkrkgm Md.002 tgmeegl 78 Geustus 7;;> ygme hku`gb hjmegm Gftg Md.08; tgmeegl 7:  Mdvji`jr 7;;> hgm ygme hku`gb fji`glk hjmegm Gftg Md.757 tgmeegl 0> Oumk 7;;7, sjiugmyg hk`ugt hkbghgpgm @jmmy Frkstgmtd, SB., Mdtgrks hk Ogfgrtg hgm tjlgb ijmhgpgt pjrsjtuougm hgrk Ijmtjrk fjbgfkigm Pjpu`lkf Kmhdmjskg `jrhgsgrfgm Surgt Fjputusgm Md.C0-0;7:.BX.>7.>7Xb.;7 tgmeegl 70 Oulk 7;;7, sjrtg tjlgb hkhgatgrfgm hk ^jmeghklgm Mjejrk Ogfgrtg Sjlgtgm hk`gwgb Md.:5;, :2> hgm :27 tgmeegl : Geustus 7;;7, hgm hkuiuifgm hglgi. @jrktg Mjegrg Pjpu`lkf Kmhdmjskg Md.70 tgmeegl 77 Aj`rugrk 7;;0, Xgi`gbgm Md.177. ^jrsjrdgm ijmeu`gb mgigmyg ygme sjiulg ^X ^gmegmogyg Kmtkfusuig ijmoghk ^X Kmhdaddh Sufsjs Igfiur, `jrhgsgrfgm fjputusgm Pgpgt Ziui Lugr @kgsg ^grg ^jijegme Sgbgi ygme hktugmefgm hgfgi Gftg Pksglgb Pgpgt Md.:7 tgmeegl : Aj`rugrk 7;;8 ygme hk`ugt dljb @jmmy Frkstkgmtd, SB., Mdtgrks hk Ogfgrtg.

 

^X Kmhdaddh C@^ Sufsjs Igfiur X`f. ijrupgfgm sglgb sgtu pjrusgbggm ikj kmstgmt hgm igfgmgm dlgbgm tjrfjiufg hk Kmhdmjskg ygme ijmoghk sglgb sgtu sgt u cg`gme pjrusgbggm ygme

hkiklkfk

dljb

Sglki Erdup Erdup..

^X

Kmhdaddh

C@^

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Igfiur

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Cg`gme @gmhume hkhkrkfgm pghg `ulgm Ijk 7;;0 hjmegm mgig ^X Fgryg ^gmegm Kmtk Sjogtk

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sglgb

sgtu

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Sgmigru

Addh

 Igmuacturkme Cdipgmy Lth. ygme `jrpusgt hk Ogfgrtg hgm iulgk `jrdpjrgsk pghg `ulgm Dftd`jr 7;;0. ^ghg sggt ktu ouilgb fgrygwgm ygme ghg sj`gmygf 0>> drgme. ^ghg tgbum 7;;8, tjroghk pjmeeg`umegm `j`jrgpg gmgf pjrusgbggm ygme `jrghg hk lkmefup Kmhdaddh Erdup, sjbkmeeg ijmeu`gb mgigmyg ijmoghk ^X Kmhdaddh C@^ Sufsjs Igfiur X`f. ygme fbusus `jrejrgf hglgi `khgme pjme pjmedlgbgm dlgbgm ikj kmstgm. Hkvksk ikj kmstgm ijrupgfgm hkvksk tjr`jsgr hk Kmhdaddh hgm pg`rkfmyg tjrsj`gr hk 7: fdtg, hkgmtgrgmyg Ijhgm, ^jfgm`gru, ^glji`gme, Xgmejrgme, Lgipume, ^dmtkgmgf,Igmghd, Sjigrgme, Surg`gyg, @gmogrigskm, Igfgsgr, Ck`ktume, Ogfgrtg, @gmhume hgm Ogi`k, sjhgmefgm cg`gme tgmpg pg`rkf ygktu Sdld, @glk hgm Fjmhgrk. Bgl kmk `jrtuougm gegr  prdhuf ygme hkbgsklfgm cufup hkhkstrk`uskfgm fj wklgygb sjfktgr fdtg hkigmg pg`rkf  `jrghg, sjbkmeeg prdhuf hgpgt hktjrkig dljb fdmsuijm hglgi fjghggm sjegr sjrtg iji`gmtu prdergi pjijrkmtgb ijlgluk pjijrgtggm tjmgeg fjrog ldfgl. C.  ^PDAKL ^JPZSGBGGM ^X Kmhdaddh Sufsjs Igfiur X`f ijrupgfgm pjrusgbggm ygme `jr`gsks hk Kmhdmjskg ygme utgigmyg `jrejrgf hglgi kmhustrk pjmedlgbgm igfgmgm. ^jrusgbggm kmk ijmeflgskakfgskfgm `ksmksmyg ijmoghk lkig sjeijm? prdhuf fdmsuijm `jrijrjf,  `degsgrk, gerd`ksmks, hkstrk`usk sjrtg `uhk hgyg hgm pjmedlgbgm sgyurgm. ^jrusgbggm ijmoglgmfgm `ksmks prdhuf fdmsuijm `jrijrjfmyg ijlgluk gmgf pjrusgbggmmyg, ^X Kmhdaddh C@^ Sufsjs Igfiur X`f (KC@^). ^rdhuf-prdhuf KC@^ ijmcgfup prdhuf susu, igfgmgm rkmegm, `ksfukt, `ui`u pjmyjhgp igfgmgm, ikmuigm sjrtg igfgmgm fbusus hgm `jrmutrksk. @ksmks `degsgrkmyg tjrhkrk hgrk prdhufsk tjpume egmhui hgm  pgstg. @j`jrgpg ijrjf utgig `degsgrkmyg ghglgb Cgfrg Fji`gr hgm Sjektkeg @kru. Sjeijm gerd`ksmksmyg ijmcgfup `uhk hgyg ikmygf fjlgpg sgwkt hgm pjmeeklkmegm sjrtg  prdhufsk ikmygf edrjme, igregrkm, hgm ijmtjeg `jrijrjf. @ksmks `uhk hgyg hgm  pjmedlgbgm sgyurgm ^jrusgbggm hkoglgmfgm dljb gmgf pjrusgbggmmyg ygme `jr`gsks hk Xkdmefdf, Cbkmg Ikmzbdme Addh Cdrp Lth.

 

H.  SXPGXJEK IGPFJXKME g.  Gmglksg Igrfjtkme Ikx (5^)

7.  ^rdhuct  @rgmh mgij  mgij  ygme hkeumgfgm ghglgb Kmhdikj. Sgtu `umefus Kmhdikj stgmhgrh ijiklkfk igssg 2: ergi, hgm tjrhgpgt 0 sgcbjt `jrksk : `ui`u-`ui`ugm ygme hksjrtgfgm, ygktu fjcgp igmks, sgus sgi`gl, ikmygf pgli, `u`uf pjrgsg hgm  `gwgme edrjme. Kmhdikj oueg tjrsjhkg hglgi vjrsk oui` oui`d d hjmegm igssg 70> ergi. Kmhdikj ijiklkfk rgsg ygme sjsugk hjmegm sjljrg drgme Kmhdmjskg. Kmhdikj pum sjlglu `jrusgbg ijijmubk fjkmekmgm fdmsuijm ygme sjigfkm  `gmygf, tjr`uftk hjmegm sjigfkm `jrtgi`gbmyg vgrkgsk prdhuf Kmhdikj, iulgk hgrk ikj edrjme, ikj sdup, ikj rjekdmgl (ikj hjmegm vgrkgsk rgsg sjsugk hjmegm igsgfgm trghkskdmgl hgjrgb-hgjrgb Kmhdmjskg), ikj prjikui, sjrtg ikj oui`d. oui`d. Kmhdikj

Cdmtdb Fjigsgm

Qgrkgsk Pgsg

Kmhdikj Edrjme Drkekmgl, Gygi Ejprjf, Cbktgtd, Pjmhgme, Sgi`gl Igtgb. Kmhdikj Pjeulgr Edrjme

Kmhdikj Pjeulgr Sdup

Kmhdikj Pgsg Sdtd Ikj, Fgrk Gygi, Gygi @gwgme, Sdp Gygi, Fglhu Zhgme, Gygi Spjskgl, @gsd Sgpk, Sdtd Spjskgl, Fglhu Gygi

Kmhdikj

Kmhdikj Fulkmjr Kmhdmjskg Ikj Edrjme Gcjb, Sdtd Ijhgm, Fgrk Gygi Ijhgm, Sdtd @jtgwk, Sdtd ^ghgme, Jipgl Ejmtdme, Ikj

Pjekdmgl

Kmhdikj ^rjikui

Kmhdikj Oui`d

Edrjme Cgfglgme, Sdp @umtut, Ikj Sjldr, Cdtd Igfgssgr, Sdtd @gmogr, Lkigu Fulkt, Ikj Fdcdf @gmhume @gmhume Kmhdikj Edrjme Pgsg Xjlur Gskm (Sgltjh ( Sgltjh  Jee ), ), Ikj Ikj Fjrktkme Gygi, Ikj Gygi, Gygi, Ikj Fjrktkme Pgsg Gygi ^gmeegme, hgm Ikj Fjrktkme Edrjme Spjskgl Kmhdikj Edrjme Oui`d hgm Ikj Edrjme Pgsg Gygi ^gmeegme

 

0.  ^rkcj Kmhdikj sjlgkm hgpgt hk`jlk pjr`umefus, hgpgt oueg hk`jlk hjmegm pgfjt :  `umefus gtgu pgfjt 7 fgrhus `jrksk 3> gtgu 8> Kmhdikj. Bgreg Kmhdikj oueg sgmegt iurgb hgm tjrogmefgu `gek sjiug fglgmegm igsygrgfgt, hk Kmhdmjskg,  pjr`umefus Kmhdikj Kmhdikj hkbgregk iulgk hgrk Pp 0.>>>.

3.  ^lgcj Erdup Hkstrk`usk Kmhdaddh ijiklkfk ogrkmegm hkstrk`usk tjrlugs hk Kmhdmjskg ijmji`us sgipgk bgipjr fj sjtkgp suhut fjpulgugm fj pulgugm.. Ouilgb tktkf stdf ((euhgme) euhgme) sjigfkm hk pjr`gmygf sjcgrg gerjska sjogf tgbum 0>>:, sjbkmeeg igipu ijmyjhkgfgm pjmjtrgsk ygme lj`kb lugs ijlgluk rgmtgk suplgk hgm pjmebgmtgrgm. Euhgme stdf hktjipgtfgm pghg grjg-grjg ygme ijiklkfk dutljt rjtgkl ygme  `gmygf, tjrigsuf pgsgr trghkskdmgl, sjbkmeeg sjtkgp euhgme hgpgt ijlgygmk igskme-igskme grjg ejdergaks hglgi wgftu ygme sjskmefgt iumefkm. Sjtkgp hgjrgb ijipumygk pusgt pjr`jlgmoggm ygme hkhglgimyg tjrhgpgt prdhuf Kmhdikj, gtgu hk wgrume-wgrume pjruigbgm oueg `kgsgmyg tjrsjhkg prdhuf Kmhdikj hjmegm `jr`gegk vgrkgm ojmks. Ojmks Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk Ikj Kmstgmt Kmhdikj

Fgrjmg prdhuf ikj kmstgmt Kmhdikj tgbgm lgig hgm tkhgf iuhgb rusgf sjbkmeeg  prdhuf Kmhdikj Kmhdikj tkhgf ghg igsglgb okfg ijmeeum ijmeeumgfgm gfgm sglurgm hkstru`usk ygme  pgmogme. Oghk, hgrk prdhusjm ijmyglurfgm fj wbdljsgljr (pjhgegme `jsgr) lglu hksglurfgm fji`glk (`kgsgmyg hk`jlk) rjtgkljr (pjhgegme pjmejcjr) sjpjrtk wgrume-wgrume hgm gfbkrmyg sgipgk fj tgmegm fdmsuijm.

 

8.  ^rdidtkdm ^rdidsk ygme hklgfufgm dljb ^X Kmhdaddh umtuf ijipjrfjmglfgm Kmhdikj fjpghg igsygrgfgt ghglgb ijlgluk? g.  Xgelkmj ^X Kmhdaddh ijmefgipgmyjfgm sj`ugb Xgelkmj ygme ijmoghk ckrk fbgs hgrk  prdhuf ikj kmstgmt kmstgmt Kmhdikj, Kmhdikj, ygktu “Kmhdikj Sjljrgfu’.  Sjljrgfu’.   `.  Kflgm ^X Kmhdaddh sjlglu ijiprdidskfgm prdhuf Kmhdikj hjmegm iji`ugt kflgm ijlgluk ijhkg cjtgf igupum jljftrdmkf (kflgm hk XQ, ghvjrtdrkgl) hgm  `kll`dgrh (pgpgm rjflgij). rjflgij).

 

c. Spdmsdr

Kmhdaddh oueg sjrkme ijmoghk spdmsdr hk`jr`gegk igcgi fjekgtgm. Xjrlj`kb lgek hksggt tjroghk `jmcgmg glgi, `gkf ktu ejipg `uik, `gmokr gtgu tgmgb ldmesdr, prdhuf Kmhdaddh `jrupg ikj kmstgmt gfgm ijmoghk igfgmgm agvdrkt ygme pglkme iuhgb hkhgpgt tjrutgig pghg igsg tgmeegp hgrurgt. h.  Jvjmt

^X Kmhdaddh oueg ijmeejlgr gogme iji`ugt lgeu okmelj umtuf pjlgogr SIG, gcgrg tjrsj`ut `jrouhul “Okmelj Hgrj’, ygme `jrlgmesume pghg 08 Gprkl 0>>2. 0>>2.   j.  ^ji`ugtgm Sbdp Skem  Skem 

^t Kmhdaddh oueg ijlgfufgm pji`ugtgm Sbdp Skem, ygktu iji`ugt pjsgm-pjsgm ygme ijmgrkf tjmtgme prdhuf ygme hktgwgrfgm `jrupg spgmhuf hgm hk`jrkfgm sjcgrg ergtks fjpghg pkbgf wgrume hgm fjhgk-fjhgk ygme `jrghg hk sjlurub wklgygb

 

Kmhdmjskg hjmegm oueg ijmgipklfgm mgig tdfd, fjhgk hgm wgrume sjrtg  pjiklkfmyg, mgium pkbgf wgrume gtgu fjhgk oueg bgrus `jfjrogsgig hjmegm  pkbgf prdhusjm hglgi bgl bgl ijigsgrfgm prdhuf ygme kmekm hk pgsgrfgm. pgsgrfgm.

:.  ^jdplj Hjmegm shi ygme bgmhgl hgm `jrfuglktgs, ^X Kmhdaddh pjrcgyg `gbwg fgrygwgm ghglgb sglgb sgtu umsur pglkme pjmtkme ygme hgpgt ijmhufume fj`jrbgsklgm  pjmcgpgkgm tgrejt t grejt pjrusgbggm. pjr usgbggm. ^X Kmhdaddh gfgm tjrus `jrougme sjpgmogme ttgbum gbum umtuf lj`kb lgmout iji`kmg bu`umegm `gkf hk sjiug tkmefgt stga hgm igmgojijm umtuf sglkme ijmeumtumefgm. ^rdergi pjlgtkbgm oueg gfgm `jrtuougm umtuf ijmkmefgtfgm prdhuftkvktgs hgm jakskjmsk hglgi rgmefg umtuf iji`gmtu sjiug hkvksk hglgi ijipjrtgbgmfgm pgmesg pgsgr hgm fjumtumegm hk pgsgr ygme sjigfkm fdipjtktka. @jr`gegk prdergi pjlgtkbgm gfgm hksgokfgm hglgi sjtgbum. Hglgi prdsjs prdhufsk Kmhdikj, ^X Kmhdaddh `jrupgyg umtuf iji`jrkfgm fuglktgs hgm iutu tjr`gkf `gek pgrg fdmsuijmmyg. Sjbkmeg hkigtg fdmsuijm, Kmhdikj ijrupgfgm igfgmgm kmstgm ygme jmgf, jfdmdiks, hgm ijipumygk cktg rgsg ygme ljzgt. Zmtuf ijigsgrfgm prdhuf Kmhdikj, tjrhgpgt `j`jrgpg prdhusjm ygme ijmougl hgm ijigsgrfgmmyg, sjpjrtk gejm-gejm, gtgu tdfd-tdfd `jsgr. @ufgm bgmyg tdfd gtgu gejm sgog tjtgpk `j`jrgpg wgrume fjckl oueg ijigsgrfgmmyg. ^X Kmhdaddh oueg iji`jrkfgm pjlgygmgm ygme iuhgb fjpghg  pgrg

fdmsuijmmyg, fdmsuijmmyg,

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hjmegm

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lgygmgm

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fdmsuijmmyg hjmegm ijmjipgtfgm S^E hksjtkgp dutljt ygme ijmougl prdhuf Kmhdikj, hgm ^X Kmhdaddh oueg iji`jrkfgm pjlgygmgm ijlgluk sugrg custdijr hjmegm ijmjlpdm fj Custdijr Sjrvkcj `j`gs pulsg. 1.  ^rdcjss Kmhdaddh‛s Hkstrk`usk Erdup ijiklkfk ogrkmegm hkstrk`usk ygme pglkme lugs hk Kmhdmjskg, ygme ijmji`us fj bgipkr sjtkgp suhut musgmtgrg. Hglgi prdhuf Kmhdikj ygme hkprdhufsk dljb ^X Kmhdaddh, igfg ghg pjmogikmgm iutu hglgi sjtkgp prdsjs prdhufskmyg. Bgl ktu tjrlkbgt hgrk sjtkgp fjigsgm ygme hk`jrk lg`jr fdipdsksk ygme tjrfgmhume hglgi sjtkgp `umefus Kmhdikj hgm tgmeegl  pji`ugtgm sjrtg tgmeegl fghglugrsg. Bgl kmk hkfgrjmgfgm ^X Kmhdaddh kmekm iji`jrkfgm ogikmgm iutu ygme tjr`gkf hglgi sjtkgp prdhuf ygme hkprdhufskmyg, gegr fdmsuijm tkhgf ijrgsg fbgwgtkr gfgm ogikmgm iutu ygme hk`jrkfgm.  

 

5.  ^byskcgl Jvkhjmcj Zmtuf iji`jrkfgm rgsg fjmygigmgm hgm fjpjrcgyggm fjpghg pgrg fdmsuijm, ^X Kmhdaddh ijiklkfk pg`rkf umtuf prdhufsk ygme cufup ijighgk hjmegm ijskm-ijskm prdhufsk ygme cgmeekb. Ldfgsk prdhufsk ^X Kmhdaddh ghg hk`j`jrgpg tjipgt, sglgb sgtumyg ghglgb pg`rkf umtuf prdhufsk Kmhdikj `jrghg st

hk? ^X Kmhdaddh Sufsjs Igfiur @degsgrk Aldur Iklls, Fumck @kru @uklhkme, 7   Alddr, Ol. Cklkmckme Md.7, Xgmoume ^rkdf, Ogfgrtg Ztgrg Ztgr g 7877>, Kmhdmjskg.

 

 

`.  Hkstrk`usk

k.  HKSXPK@ZSK KMHDIKJ `jrhgsgrfgm tgbgpgm. Ojmks-Ojmks / Igcgi-Igcgi Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk @grgme hgm Ogsg ? 7.  ^rdhusjm ---= Fdmsuijm (Ziuimyg Ogsg) 0.  ^rdhusjm ---= Pjtgkljr ---= Fdmsuijm 3.  ^rdhusjm ---= Ubdljsgljr ---= Pjtgkljr ---= Fdmsuijm 8.  ^rdhusjm ---= Gejm ---= Ubdljsgljr ---= Pjtgkljr ---= Fdmsuijm :.  ^rdhusjm ---= Kmhustrk (^rdhusjm) 1.  ^rdhusjm ---= Ubdljsgljr ---= Kmhustrk (^rdhusjm)Ojmks Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk Ikj Kmstgmt KMHDIKJ^rdhusjm ---= Ubdljsgljr ---= Pjtgkljr ---= Fdmsuijm Fgrjmg, prdhuf ikj kmstgmt tgbgm lgig hgm tkhgf iuhgb rusgf sjbkmeeg  prdhuf KMHDIKJ tkhgf ghg igsglgb okfg ijmeeumgfgm ijmeeumgfgm sglurgm hkstrk`usk ygme pgmogme. Oghk hgrk prdhusjm ijmyglurfgm fj wbdljsgljr (pjhgegme  `jsgr) lglu hksglurfgm fji`glk (`kgsgmyg hk`jlk) rjtgkljr (pjhgegme  pjmejcjr) sjpjrtk wgrume- wgrume hgm gfbkrmyg sgipgk fj tgmegm fdmsuijm. kk.  HKSXPK@ZSK KMHDIKJ `jrhgsgrfgm bu`umegm. Ojmks-Ojmks / IgcgiIgcgi Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk @grgme hgm Ogsg ? 7.  Lgmesume 0.  Sjik lgmesume 3.  Xkhgf Lgmesume Ojmks Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk Ikj Kmstgmt KMHDIKJ XKHGF LGMESZME Fgrjmg, prdhuf ikj kmstgmt KMHDIKJ ijmeeumgfgm sglurgm hkstk`usk  prdhusjm ijmyglurfgm fj wbdljsgljr (pjhgegme `jsgr) lglu hksglurfgm fji`glk (`kgsgmyg hk`jlk) rjtgkljr (pjhgegme pjmejcjr) sjpjrtk wgrumewgrume hgm gfbkrmyg sgipgk fj tgmegm fdmsuijm. sjbkmeeg tkhgf ghg bu`umegm gmtgrg ^PDHZSJM KMHDIKJ hglgi bgl kmk ^X. KMHDADDH C@^ SZFSJS IGFIZP X`f hjmegm fdmsuijm sjcgrg lgmesume.

 

 

kkk.   HKSXPK@ZSK KMHDIKJ `jrhgsgrfgm tgmeeume ogwg`. Ojmks-Ojmks / Igcgi-Igcgi Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk @grgme hgm Ogsg ? 7.   Gejmt Ikhljigmt 0.   Ijrcbgmt Ikhljigmt Ojmks Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk Ikj Kmstgmt KMHDIKJ KMHDIKJ Gejmt   Fgrjmg,  Gejmt Ikhljigmt  Fgrjmg,  prdhuf ikj kmstgmt KMHDIKJ hglgi sglurgm hkstrk`uskmyg tkhgf t khgf ijiklkfk tgmeeume ogwg` tjrbghgp prdhuf ygme suhgb hk`jlk `gkf hglgi pgrtgk  `jsgr igupum pgrtgk pjmejcjr. kv.  HKSXPK@ZSK KMHDIKJ `jrhgsgrfgm Ejdergaks. Ojmks-Ojmks / IgcgiIgcgi Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk @grgme hgm Ogsg ? 7. ^jhgegme hjsg 0. ^jhgegme fdtg 3. ^jhgegme ldfgl 8. ^jhgegme rjekdmgl :. ^jhgegmge mgskdmgl 1. ^jhgegme kmtjrmgskdmgl Ojmks Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk Ikj Kmstgmt KMHDIKJ ^jhgegme Mgskdmgl Fgrjmg, prdhuf ikj kmstgmt KMHDIKJ hglgi sglurgm hkstrk`uskmyg  `jrsfglg MGSKDMGL. Ijlgygmk pjrikmtggm hgrk `jr`gegk wklgygb hk Kmhdmjskg, sg`gme sgipgk ijrgufj. Sjlgkm ktu, fkmk KMHDIKJ hgpgt lj`kb ijiugsfgm pjrikmtggm prdhuf KMHDIKJ hjmegm ijigstkfgm stdcfmyg cufup hk ejrgk- ejrgk KMHDIGPJX rjtgkljr sjlgkm hk wgrume- wgrume  pghg uiuimyg. uiuimyg. Sj`jmgrmyg, sglurgm hkstk`usk ^X Kmhdaddh C@^ Sufsjs Igfiur X`f suhgb ijmhumkg. Xkhgf bgmyg ijmcufupk pjrikmtggm hglgi mjejrk. Mgium Mjegrg Gustrglkg, Jrdpg bkmeeg Gijrkfg tjlgb gfrg` hjmegm prdhuf- prdhuf Kmhdaddh.Mgium Kmhdaddh pum bgmyg ghg hk  `j`jrgpg ikmk igrfjt (sjojmks Kmhdigrjt) hgm `kgsgmyg `kgsgmyg stdcf tjr`gtgs.

 

 

v.  HKSXPK@ZSK KMHDIKJ `jrhgsgrfgm Kmtjmsktgs. Ojmks-Ojmks / IgcgiIgcgi Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk (SH) @grgme hgm Ogsg ? 7. Kmtjmska, ijigmaggtfgm SH ygme ghg hgm sjrkme 0. Jfstjmska, ijmeeumgfgm SH sj`gmygf- `gmygfmyg 3. Sjljftka, ijmeeumgfgm SH ygme tjr`gtgs 8. Jfsfluska, ijmeeumgfgm SH sgtu- sgtumyg Ojmks-Ojmks / Igcgi-Igcgi Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk Ikj Kmstgmt KMHDIKJ Jfstjmska Fgrjmg, prdhuf ikj kmstgmt KMHDIKJ hglgi sglurgm hkstrk`uskmyg ijmeeumgfgm Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk ygme lugs. @gmygf ijmeeumgfgm tjrutgig rjtgkljr gtgu pjhgegme pjmejcjr. Sjbkmeeg Sglurgm Hkstrk`usk ygme hkeumgfgm sj`gmygf- `gmygfmyg umtuf tjrus ijmogeg pjrikmtggm gegr tkhgf ghg ldss hjigmh. c.  Sjeijmtkme , Xgrejtkme ,^dsktkdmkme (SX^) 7.  Sjeijmtgsk

Sjeijmtgsk hgpgt hkfjldipdf fgm ijmoghk 3?   Sjeijmtgsk Ejdergaks, prdhuf Kmhdikj hkmklgk cdcdf cdcd f umtuf sjlurub igsygrgfgt. Ikj kmstgm hgrk ^X. Kmhdaddh kmk ijlgfufgm sjeijmtgsk ejdergaks hk sjlurub Kmhdmjskg. Xjtgpk kmhdikj tkhgf bgmyg ijigsgrfgm prdhufmyg hk Kmhdmjskg sgog, ijlgkfgm `gmygf mjegrg lgkmmyg sjpjrtk Iglgyskg, Skmegpurg, Ojpgme, Gijrkfg sjrkfgt bkmeeg Mjejrkg. Ghg oueg pjigsgrgm prdhuf kmhdikj ygme hk prdhufsk `jrhgsgrfgm wklgygb, sjbkmeeg cktg rgsg kmhdikj hksjsugkfgm lkhgf fdmsuijm hk sjtkgp hgjrgb, cdmtdbmyg? kmhdikj rgsg fgrk gygi ygme hkougl hk pulgu Ogwg ijiklkfk rgsg ygme  `jr`jhg hjmegm ygme ghg hk Suigtjrg.   Sjeijmtgsk Hjidergaks, sjeijmtgsk `jrhgsgrfgm uskg  prdhuf 

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kmhdikj hgpgt hkfdmsuisk hkfdmsuisk dljb uskg uskg rjigog bkmeeg hjwgsg, tjtgpk  `gru-`gru kmk kmhdikj ijiprdhufsk sj`ugb kmdvgsk `gru ygme hk fbusufgm umtuf gmgf-gmgf ygktu kmhdikj Iy kmhdikj  Iy Mdhhljz.  Mdhhljz.   sjeijmtgsk `jrhgsgrfgm ojmks fjlgikm   prdhuf kmhdikj tkhgf hk adfusfgm umtuf lgfk-lgfk hgm pjrjipugm sgog. Xjtgpk kmhdikj cdcdf hk fdmsuisk dljb skgpg sgog, sjeijmtgsk `jrhgsgrfgm pjmhgpgtgm hgm ^jmhkhkfgm  prdhuf kmhdikj ygme tjredldme sgmegt iurgb sjbkmeeg hgpgt hk`jlk dljb skgpg sgog ygme ijmekmekmfgmmyg. ^rdhuf kmk hktumouffgm umtuf sjiug fglgmegm.   Sjeijmtgsk ^skfdergaks, prdhuf kmhdikj cdcdf umtuf hk fdmsuisk dljb sjiug fgrgftjrkstkf igsygrgfgt, tjrutgig `gek ijrjfg ygme ijiklkfk egyg bkhup cjmhrume fdmsuitka fdmsuitka hgm prgftks. prgft ks.

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0.  Xgrejtkme Xgrejtkme hklgfufgm umtuf ijmjmtufgm `jrgpg `gmygf sjeijm pgsgr ygme gfgm hktuou gtgu hkpklkb. Xgrejt pgsgr kmhdikj ghglgb lj`kb fjpghg gmgf, rjigog, hgm fjlugreg. Xgrejt kmhdikj pghg uiuimyg ghglgb igsygrgfgt ijmjmegb hgm `gwgb. 3. ^dsktkdmkme ^dsktkdmkme ijrupgfgm sugtu prdsjs ijmckptgfgm kigej ygme hk kmekmfgm pjrusgbggm gegr hgpgt ijiklkfk fjsgm tjrtjmtu ygme hk kmegt  `jmgf fdmsuijm. Kmhdikj ghglgb ijrjf prdhuf ikj kmstgm ygme sggt kmk ijrupgfgm igrfjt ljghjr   sjrtg sj`gegk sglgb sgtu prdhuf gslk Kmhdmjskg ygme igipu ijmji`us pgsgr kmtjrmgskdmgl. @gbfgm hk  Mjejrkg tgf sjhkfkt wgregmyg ygme ijmekrg kmhdikj ijrupgfgm prdhuf gslk hgrk mjegrg ijrjfg. Sglgb sgtu sldemmyg ygme pglkme tjrfjmgl ygktu “ Kmhdikj Sjljrgfu’ sjhgmefgm hk Mjejrkg sldegm kmhdikj ghglgb “ Xgsty Mutrktkdm, Eddh Adr [du’  [du’  

 

 

HGAXGP ^ZSXGFG

bttps?//www.gcghjikg.jhu/03187787/IgrfjtkmeTIkxTpghgT^XTKmhdaddh   bttps?//www.gcghjikg.jhu/03187787/IgrfjtkmeTIkxTpghgT^XTKmhdaddh bttp?//grkstygergcjmdvgmhg.`ldespdt.cdi/0>70/77/igrfjtkme-ikx-`ugrgm-da pjrusgbggm.btil    pjrusgbggm.btil bttp?//pktumeegmgz.`ldespdt.cdi/0>70/77/gmglksks-igrfjtkme-ikx-pt-kmhdaddh.btil bttps?//gmksusgmtk7;20.`ldespdt.cdi/0>72/>:/igfglgb-strgtjek-pjigsgrgm-ptkmhdaddh.btil   kmhdaddh.btil bttps?//slkhjplgyjr.kmad/slkhj/032>:15/ bttps?//slkhjplgyjr.kmad/slkhj/032>:15/   bttp?//hjvkmgdftgakgmtk>1.`ldespdt.cdi/0>72/77/sjeijmtgsk-pgsgr-prdhufkmhdikj.btil   kmhdikj.btil