STPM Chemistry Topic 15 Hydrocarbon (Short notes)

Topic 15 : Hydrocarbon ⦁

SMK Sacred Hart, Sibu Mechanism: Initiation, Propagation, Termination CH3Cl Excess CH4 1. Extra an and hi high Excess Cl2 CCl4 Alkene grade petrol Thermal (600oC – 800oC) 2. Petr Petroc oche hemi mica cals ls Alkane Catalytic (Al2O3, SiO2, ∆ ) 3. Source of of H

Substitution

Alkane Cracking

2

⦁ Substitution Cycloalkane 

Excess Excess Cl2

alkenes

Cl

Combustion Catalytic oxidation (O2, Ag, ∆)

Oxidation

CH2=CH2 + O2

Alkene

, ∆

by KMnO4/H+



+

Addition

2 

CO2 + H2O

Cold : Hot :

X2 (g) X2 (aq) minor o H2, Ni, 180 C HX, ZnCl2, ∆ H2O(g), H3PO4, 300oC, 60atm

+

Alcohol 2 

Cold Cold conc conc H2SO4 Polymerisation

major

+ H2SO4

LDPE , 1200atm, 200oC, O 2 HDPE, Zieglar-Natta catalyst, 60oC, 1 atm

Ozonolysis (i) O3 (ii) Zn/H+, ∆

+ H2O2

(Only benzylic hydrogen can be oxidized)

KMnO4/H+ Cl2, UV light

Cl2, dry AlCl3

+

Nitrati Nitration on (Conc (Conc HNO3 , conc onc H2SO4,