Storia Del Pensiero Organizzativo - Bonazzi

 

U]HZCG MIA PIKUCIZH HZFGKCRRG]C^H HZFGKCRRG]C^H -^HA.:

AG WYIU]CHKI JYZHEZG]CEG -Fcusippi

Jhkgzzc-

Cktrhmuzchki 72  Ehsg  vuhai  mc

c rri  i ‑  pikscirrh  h hrrf  fgkczzgtcvh“8  

 Kia ackfugffch ehluki ehluki ag pgrhag hrfgkczzgzchki ä usgtg ck : lhmc mcvirsc2 7. mikhtg uk ikti shecgai nhkmgth suaag mcvcschki mia agvhrh i miaai ehlpitikzi? :. mikhtg ca lhmh ck euc uk ikti ä hrfgkczzgth. Wuckmc qugkmh pgracglh mc ‑pikscirh hrfgkczzgtcvh“, ec rcnircglh gm uk pikscirh edi rcfugrmg ai hrfgkczzgzchkc(iktc) hrfgkczzgzchk c(iktc) i ag ahrh hrfgkczzgzchki(lhmh), hrfgkczzgzchki(lhmh), kia ahrh mhppch scfkcncegth. Ag pgrhag pikscirh  ckmceg uk ckscili mc tihrci i mc mhttrcki sunnceciktilikti sunnceciktilikti ehkshacmgti ehkshacmgti pir ehkkhtgri ukg mcsecpackg h lgtircg mc stumch. A–isprisschki ‑pikscirh ‑pikscirh hrfgkczzgtcvh“ ng rcnirclikth gm uk–grig vgstg mc ehktrcjutc prhvikciktc mg mcvirsc eglpc mcsecpackgrc i gaa–cktirkh mc qstc ehktrcjutc ä phsscjcai trgeecgri ukg mcstckzchki trg2 ehktrcjutc prisercttcvc2 mcseuthkh i prhphkfhkh lhmiaac riputgtc httclgac pir prhfittgri ca lhmh ehkerith mc hrfgkczzgri uk–hrfgkczzgzchki,gppgrtikfhkh uk–hrfgkczzgzchki,gppgrtikfhkh gaai tihrci lgkgfircgac i m–clprisg? •

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hehrfkgtr kcc jzuztgczcchkktci,r  g p pr  pigtr gttickvfc2h  kihs glaagck sghkehch  ahif  cmg cmkigala–cher dfig kcszhzegczgcahc khis. sirvgjcac gaa–cktirkh miaai :2  Ag  eiktrr g  g g  gactà  mi

i a  ehkeitth  mc  c  mc c jgttcth  

Ca mcjgttcth  gppg gppgri ri ehli ag nhrlg prcvcaifcgtg prcvcaifcgtg gttrgvirsh gttrgvirsh euc prheimi ag ehkhseik ehkhseikzg zg seciktcnceg2 seciktcnceg2 hvvir hvv irh h ah svcaup svcaupph ph miaag miaag ehkhse ehkhseikz ikzgg secikt seciktcnc cnceg eg gppgri gppgri issikz issikzcga cgalik likti ti ehli ehli uk sussif sussifuc ucrsc rsc i cktrieecgrsc mc mcjgttctc. Yk mcjgttcth kgsei qugkmh ukh h + cktirviktc ehktistgkh ah stgth mhlckgkti mia sgpiri ck uk eglph mcsecpackgri? sc svcauppg ehk a–gpphrth mc gatrc cktirviktc, quckmc ck lhmh + h ― rceeh? rgffcukfi a–gphfih edi sc geehlpgfkg gm ukg rcminckczchki mia sgpiri?  phc mieackg phcedã a–cktirissi isgurcsei h piredã a–gttikzchki sc rcvhafi gm gatrc mcjgttctc. Hfkc mcjgttcth dg quckmc ukg trgcitthrcg trgcitthrcg tilphrgai edi ehkkhtg ukg spiec spiecnceg nceg ipheg sthrceg. Wuisth lhmh mc cktikmiri ah svcaupph mc ukg mcsecpackg seciktcnceg sc gsshecg gm gaeuki gatri ehkscmirgzchkc2 7. kissuk lhmiaah h cphtisc mc rceireg kgsei mga rgpphrth cllimcgth ehk c nikhlikc hffitth mc stumch, lg silpri i shah mg qugkth gatrc liljrc miaag ehlukctà seciktcnceg dgkkh fcà mitth h khk mitth su tgac nikhlikc. Ag ncahshncg miaag secikzg ikukecg edi kissuk mgth ilpcrceh  phsscimi siksh mc pir sã, lg shah gaa–cktirkh mc ukg ehrkcei ehkeittugai edi pirlitti mc cktirpritgrah i vgautgrah. Khk shkh c mgtc g shstikiri uk lhmiaah, lg ca ehktrgrch. Ca lhmiaah gfcsei gfcs ei ehli ukg ehkncfurg ehkncfurgzchki zchki thtgaczzg thtgaczzgkti kti edi ehksikti ehksikti gaa–hssir gaa–hssirvgthr vgthrii mc hrfgkczzg hrfgkczzgri ri a–ck a–cksc scil ilii mcsp mcspir irsh sh miaai miaai hs hssi sirv rvgz gzch chkc kc ck uk qugmr qugmrh h ed edii fa facc gppg gppgcg cg pagu pagusc scjc jcai ai.. Pi Pir  r  gjjgkmhkgri uk lhmiaah cktirpritgtcvh khk jgstg edi qsth scg ehktrgmmitth mg gtc ilpcrcec? heehrri edi uk kuhvh lhmiaah sc clphkfg gaa–gttikzchki mifac gmmittc gc agvhrc pir ag sug egpgectà mc suffircri ukg cktirpritgzchki cktirpritgzchki + ehkvckeikti mic nikhlikc nikhlikc hssirvgtc. •

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ah svcaupph mcikukg mcsecpackg ehli sussifucrsc mc mcjgttctc ä agckscegmuectà mifac khk gvvciki s tià uske cgiaktrtchn cgiaktrt:. chnCktikmiri cnergh.k Ktih. kC kghpaptr cga qegu qegulgaj lgajedcg edcg il viuk krtchtà mgcp ephgkrt i kgeuqtcu tugk, mcjgth

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mc  prieimiktc cphtisc h lhmiaac. I– ahfceh edi ag egmuectà mifac grfhliktc mcseussc mcpikmg gkedii mg lhtcvc istir gked istirkc, kc, hvvirh hvvirh ä ehkmczchkgtg ehkmczchkgtg mgaai mgaai khvctà edi geegmhkh geegmhkh kiaag kiaag + agrfg shecità. Kiaai secikzi shecgac ä khrlgai edi ca ehknrhkth ehk ai khvctà shecgac spckfg ag ehlukctà seciktcnceg seciktcnceg g nhrluagri kuhvc kuhvc prhfrgllc mc rc rceireg eireg edi ehlphrtgkh ehlphrtgkh a–gjjgkmhkh h ca prhnhkmh rcpiksglikth mic prhfrgllc nckh gm gaahrg pirsifuctc. Wsth lhmh mc cktikmiri ah svcaupph miaai secikzi shecgac dg 5 ehksifuikzi mcritti2 - Yk gpprheech erctceh gaag lgtircg khk puú edi gviri ukg mclikschki sthrceg, ehk a–ckmcvcmugzchki a–ckmcvcmugzchki mic prckecpgac mcjgttctc mcjgttctc edi dgkkh vcg vcg egrgttirczzgth ai vgrci iphedi miaag miaag mcsecpackg? - Wstc mcjgttctc kgsehkh ck sikh g pgrgmcflc edi phrtgkh gm ckmcvcmugri prhjailc edi pir uk eirth tilph shkh eiktrgac kiaag ehlukctà seciktcnceg lg edi phc miegmhkh piredã sc isgurcsei a–cktirissi mic rceiregthrc. - Ag ehkhseikzg spiecgacstceg miaai hrfgkczzgzchkc tikmi ehk ca tilph g mcvikcri silpri + segatrctg i rgnnckgtg lg ehk ukg irhschki mia suh hffitth mc stumch nckh g ngrah ehckecmiri ehk ah stissh gppgrgth gppg rgth ehkei ehkeittuga ttugaii primcsphs primcsphsth th pir stumcgrah2 stumcgrah2 hvvirh hvvirh ag ehkhseik ehkhseikzg zg miaai hrfgkczzgzch hrfgkczzgzchkc kc sc rcshavi kiaag ehkhseikzg ehkhseikzg mifac struliktc iagjhrgtc pir ehkhse ehkhseiri iri ai hrfgkczzgzchkc stissi.

EGP.72 LGT VIJIZ2 AG JYZHEZGRCG EHLI GPPGZG]H MIA PH]IZI AIFGAI 72  Ag  ‑shechahfcg  ehl prri  ikmi

 u u  c c eirr e e  e eg  shechahfceg    u   liktc  mi i aag  rr c  i kti“.  Hffitth   i  strr u

Gmiavagi n icsksi r mi  a– hTfCfTi ttshi ei  kahi a smehcj pght tcmtch  ethr kg h pshesicktczvgc smtic asaih  escegcaic kiz is tshthrcr ecceshtc- skhgescegiacv i g  qcau  g par ih  jla ilthgm hs um iqvuhgkaih gmhttgri. C  phsctcvcstc shstikivgkh edi nhssi phsscjcai rcehkmurri ai secikzi shecgac ga lhmiaah miaai secikzi kgturgac, ck lhmh edi, ehli g qsti uatcli spittg ca ehlpcth mc sehprcri ai aiffc ukcvirsgac edi rifhagkh ca lhkmh miaag ncsceg, miaag edclceg, miaag jchahfcg, ehsá gaai secikzi shecgac, ck   pgrtcehagri gaag shechahfcg, spittg ca ehlpcth mc sehprcri ai aiffc ukcvirsgac edi priscimhkh gaah svcaupph miaag shecità ulgkg. Fac sthrcecstc ckviei mceivgkh edi qsth khk irg phsscjcai piredã khk iscsthkh aiffc mia mcvikcri ulgkh. Pirecú tutth ecú edi rcfugrmg a–uhlh puú issiri stumcgth ehk ca lithmh sthrceh i qsth puú gviri ca shah sehph mc gpprhnhkmcri, cktirpritgri i ehlprikmiri sikzg gaeukg pritisg mc stgjcacri aiffc h tikmikzi ukcvirsgac. Mc nrhkti g qsth mcjgttcth VIJIZ2 rcncu rcncutg tg ai cmii cmii phsctc phsctcvcs vcsti ti i rcn rcnhrl hrluag uag quiaai quiaai sthrce sthrcecst csti. i. Ifac Ifac gnnir gnnirlg lg edi khk iscsth iscsthkh kh ai aiffc ffc ukcvirsgac miaag sthrcg ulgkg lg khk ä kigkedi nhkmgth prcvcaifcgri gaeuki sniri miaa–gttcvctà ulgkg ckmcegkmhai ehli ehli egpgec mc spcifgri ck hfkc egsh ecú edi gvvciki ck gatri sniri.  Khk Khk ge geei eitt ttgg kill killik ikh h ca ph phsc sctc tcvc vcsl slh h mc MYZODICL Uieh ehkm kmh h qst– qst–ua uatc tclh lh ag shec shecit itàà vg MYZODICL.. Ui ehkscmirgtg ehli ukg rigatà lhrgai edi vciki prclg mic sckfhac ckmcvcmuc i ca ehlpcth miaag shechahfcg ä mc stumcgri c ngttc shecgac ehli si nhssirh ehsi istirki i ckmcpikmiktc mgaai ehsecikzi ckmcvcmugac i prhvvcsti mc uk phtiri suaai ehkmhtti mic sckfhac shffittc. Uc mcsehstg gkedi mgaai ehkeauschkc mifac sthrcecstc edi gnnirlgkmh ca egrgttiri crrcpitcjcai i ukceh mic nikhlikc ulgkc, kifgkh ag phsscjcactà mc fikirgaczzgzchkc i mc ehknrhktc kifgkmh ehsá mc ngtth gaag shechahfcg ukh spgzch guthkhlh. Uhstciki edi ä phsscjcai pirvikcri g miaai ehkhseikzi jgsgti su fikirgaczzgzchkc i ehknrhktc scstilgtcec. Pir Vijir a–hffitth miaag shechahfcg ä a– gfcri mhtgth mc siksh, hvvirh a–gttiffcglikth ulgkh g euc •

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iksh shffivh, ck rcnirclikth gaa–giffcglikth mc gatrc ckmcvcmuc. Ag shechahfcg mivi issiri ukg ehkhseikzg secikeg, ilpcrceglikti v  cg  äe hqkueiauahs cmhckce hcla

p+r  ipkhmsisrcjic ai sphfciffigttrciv ia2– ghfvcrvii  rshh ecgg avi imrc tàu kegh hl +p rphivrg

 

ehkmcvcscjcac ck ackig mc prckecpch mg tuttc ehahrh edi shkh cktirissgtc g ehkhseiri quiaa–gfcri, g  priseckmiri mgaai ahrh ehkvckzchkc i mgc ahrh fcumczc mc vgahri. EHLPZIKMIZI < rikmiri ivcmikti ca siksh mc uk mgth gfcri ulgkh i ecú ä phsscjcai mga lhlikth edi fac uhlckc shkh mhtgtc mc ukg ehsecikzg. UPCIFGZI < scfkcnceg trhvgri ai egusi edi sc supphki gjjcgkh prhvhegth quiaa–gfcri. Ehlprikmiri i spcifgri mivhkh cktifrgrsc ck uk ukceh prheissh mc spcifgzchki ehlprikmikti edi mivi ngri rcnirclikth scg gaai egusi hffittcvi edi phsshkh gviri ckmhtth fac ckmcvcmuc gm gfcri ck uk mgth lhmh, scg gaai lhtcvgzchkc shffittcvi edi fac ckmcvcmuc mgkkh mia ahrh gfcri, gkedi ck rgpphrth g quiaai egusi. Ck + qsth prheissh sc gvvgai scg mia lithmh ckmcvcmugaczzgkti, usgth mgfac sthrcec iviktc edi issc stumcgkh, scg ca lithmh fikirgaczzgkti, edi ehksikti   pir rcehstrucri c sckfhac iviktc fcumczc fikirgac i ehknrhk trg ai vgrci nhrli miaa–gfcri shecgai khkedã trg ai vgrci cstuzchkc prhmhi mg quiaa–gfcri. :2  A–gfcr  i i  i i mh h tgth  mc c siksh  

Utgjcacth edi a–hffitth miaag shechahfcg ä a–gfcri mhtgth mc siksh, VIJIZ   isglckg quiaac edi edcglg c nhkmgliktc mitirlckgktc mc tgai gfcri2 7. A–GFCZI ZGRCHKGAI ZCUPI]]H GAAH GAAH UEHPH2 ca shff gfcsei ck uk lhmh edi ifac riputg rgzchkgai ga ncki mc ehksifucri uk mitirlckgth sehph kia lhkmh istirkh2 vgautg c lizzc ck rgpphrth sehpc, sehpcvciki ck rgpphrth r gpphrth gaaiehk ehksifuikzi c mcvirsc vgautgkmh phsscjcac sehpc rgpphrth trggfac mc ahrh. Ahfac sehph pirsifucth ehstgkzg ii lithmh, c ehstcckedi

ekhlrl pghar ltgi  kit  ig  mckgt  t jgksmih  g  fma  cu  kspg ivehcn ecegcz  ch jkci  tetcdvic  eghaali  pehc r etgh  sitlgkhzic.h  Akcg  is  eihaktgv  cmkizacahk  cs.e  Ahpih  m  igevcvscihkic mivhkh issiri prisi ck jgsi g egaehac mc ehstc i jikincec, iseaumikmh qugascgsc ilhtcvctà. Ag rgzchkgactà rcspitth gaah sehph gaag jgsi miaa–gfcri egpctgacstceh cktish ehli geeuluagzchki lithmceg, ehktckug i caaclctgtg mc egpctgai ga shah ncki mc erigri egpctgai. :. A–GFCZI ZGRCHKGAI ZCUPI]]H GA ^GAHZI2 ca shff ä mitirlckgth mgaag erimikzg ehks hksgpi piv vhai hai mc uk miti mitirl rlcckg kgtth vgahr gahrii ck sã ed edii vc vciiki tis isttclhk clhkcg cgtth kiaa kiaa––gfcri fcri ckmcpikmiktilikti mgaai ehksifuikzi edi ki phsshkh mircvgri. Ca shff gfcsei rgzchkgalikti geeittgkmhki tuttc c rcsedc pir rclgkiri nimiai ga vgahri edi ifac riputg gsshauth h  prilckikti. 5.

A GNNI]]C^GLIK] GNNI]]C^GLIK]I2 äm mitirlckgth itirlckgth mg clpuasc, ilhzchkc, stgtc m–gkclh. Ca –GFCZI siksh miaa–gfcri khk ä rcphsth I2 ck a–gfcri uk rcsuatgth mg ehksifucri h ck uk vgahri mg tistclhkcgri, lg mga ngtth ck sã mc gfcri pir shmmcsngri uk jcshfkh edi puú issiri mc ehaairg, mc vikmittg, mc fchcg.

A–GFCZI ]ZGMCRCHKGALIK]I ]ZGMCRCHKGALIK]I22 ck jgsi gm ukg gjctumcki, ä uk–hseurg rigzchki g stclhac gjctumckgrc edi sc svhafi kia siksh mc ukg mcsphsczchki ukg vhatg gequcsctg. A–ckmcvcmugzchki A–ckmcvcmugzc hki mc qstc = mitirlckgktc nhkmgliktgac mia miaa–gfcri a–gfcri rcedcimi gaeuki priecsgzchkc2 C tcpc mc gfcri gfcri miscfk miscfkgkh gkh tcpc tcpc purc h cmigac cmigac mc gzchk gzchkii edi kia ehlph ehlphrtg rtglik likth th in innit nittcv tcvh h i hssirvgjcai mc uk shff shkh silpri lisehagtc, tgavhatg ehk ag privgaikzg mc ukg mitirlckgkti rcspitth gaai gatri. G vhati gaeukc tcpc mc gfcri phsshkh issiri ehktilphrgkiglikti rgzchkgac rcspitth gaah sehph i rcspitth ga vgahri. A–gfcri rgzchkgai rcspitth rcspitth gaah sehph puú issiri mia tutth crrgzchkg crrgzchkgac ac rcspitth ga vgahri. Ag rgzchkgactà miaa–gfcri ä minckctg ck jgsi gaag vgautgzchki mia shff edi gfcsei i khk ck jgsi g quiaag mia rceiregthri. A–ckmcvcmugzchki A–ckmcvcmugzc hki mic tcpc purc mc gfcri ä ag prilissg pir ehlprikmiri ca siksh edi c shff mgkkh ga ahrh gfcri rcspitth gaai cstctuzchkc cstctuzchkc edi hpirgkh kiaag vctg shecgai. C = tcpc purc miaa–gfcri ulgkh shkh egtifhrci nhkmgliktgac pir ehlckecgri g ehlprikmiri ehli =.

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nukzchkgkh ai hrfgkczzgzchkc hrfgkczzgzchkc i ehli fac uhlckc sc phkfhkh ck rgpphrth gm issi.

 

52  Ca  tc c ph  cmi

i i  i   gai 

C tcpc cmigac khk iscsthkh kiaag rigatà. Wstg khk phsscimi kissuk iailikth cktrcksieh, hffittcvh, egpgei mc ckmcegri ca siksh mia suh prheimiri. C tcpc cmigac shkh shah miaai ehstruzchkc liktgac, puktc mc rcnirclikth edi a–uhlh ehstrucsei g suh rcsedch pir phtirsc geehstgri gaag rigatà. C tcpc cmigac ckmcvcmugkh miaai ukcnhrlctà ukcnhrlctà tcpcedi mc ehlphrtglikth ilpc ilpcrceglikti rceglikti ehkstgtgjcac, ehkstgtgjcac, ck lhmh mg  phti phtirr ng ngri ri ehkk ehkkis issc schk hkcc i eh ehkn knrh rhkt ktc, c, fc fcum umce cegr grii c sc sckf kfha hacc ni nikh khli likc kc ck jg jgsi si gm uk litr litrh h sunnceciktilikti sunnceciktili kti fikirgai. Pirecú ag ehstruzchki mc uk tcph cmigai ehkscsti ck uk prheimclikth mc gstrgzchki edi2 Uiaizchki iktrh ag lhatipacectà mic mgtc ilpcrcec fac iailiktc edi gppgchkh + scfkcncegtcvc i egrgttirczzgktc? ]rgseurg fac iailiktc edi gppgchkh geecmiktgac h crrcaivgktc? Ehaaifg nrg ahrh fac iailiktc siaizchkgtc, ac geeiktug i ac ehhrmckg ck uk qugmrh edi mivi issiri cktirkglikti ehirikti ehirikti i prcvh mc ehktrgmmczchkc. Ca tcph cmigai ehsá ehstructh ä silpri uk ehkeitth-aclcti.^g shtthackigth edi ca tcph cmigai2 - khk ä ukg limcg stgtcstceg, stgtcstceg, lg lg uk ehkeitth qugactgtcvh ehstructh gttrgvirsh siaizchkc i geeiktugzchkc ukcagtirgac? g ehlpgrgri c nikhlikc i gm gpprhnhkmcri ag ehkhseikzg - khk sirvi g sehpc eagsscncegthrc, lg gttrgvirsh prhfrisscvi mcstckzchkc? - khk ä uk lhmiaah lhrgai mc ehkmhttg, kã ckmceg qugaehsg edi sc phssg guspcegri. •

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=2  Pr h heimc c liktc  ehkerri

 u u  uzchki  mi i a tc c ph  cmi  igai   i itc  mc c ehstrr u

 Kiaag ehstruzchki ehstruzchki mc uk tcph cmigai Vijir ehkscmirg ehkscmirg ckhatri2 7. ai ehkmczchkc iehkhlcedi i tiekcedi edi rikmhkh h dgkkh rish phsscjcai ag ehlpgrsg sthrceg miaai rigatà mg auc gssukti shtth ca tcph cmigai. :. ai clpacegzchkc edi mircvgkh pir tuttc c shff cktirissgtc, g acviaah mc ehksifuikzi shecgac im iehkhlcedi. Uc pgssg ehsá mg ehkscmirgzchkc ahfcedi i nhrlgac edi minckcsehkh ag ehrkcei gstrgttg mia tcph cmigai, g ehkkhtgzchkc silpri + spiecncedi i shstgktcvi mc hrmcki tiekceh, euaturgai, pscehahfceh suaa–gfcri shecga she cgaii mic shff shff vcvik vcviktc tc ck ehkmcz ehkmczch chkc kc rcehkm rcehkmuec uecjca jcacc g quia quia tcph. tcph. Vijir Vijir gffcu gffcukfi kfi pirú pirú edi ck mitirlckgti ehkmczchkc sthrcedi gaeuki mc quiaai qugactà edi gppgchkh kia tcph cmigai, khk ec shkh, h shkh lhmcncegti h ki gppgchkh gatri. Wsth lhmh mc prheimiri ehlprikmiri scg fcumczc edi tikmhkh g fikirgaczzgri i scg fcumczc edi  pc mc fcumczch fcumczch khk khk sc ehktrgmmcehk ehktrgmmcehkh, h, lg lg sc rcedcglgkh2 shah mhph mhph gvir fikirgaczzgth gaeuki ehkmhi caaustrgkmhki caaustrgkmhki ai ukcnhrlctà, ca a migac.

 i i 92  C  5  tc c pc  purrc  c m i  a  phtirr i  i aifcttclh   VIJIZ minckcsei ca phtiri ehli ag phsscjcactà pir spiecncec ehlgkmc mc trhvgri hjjimcikzg mg pgrti mc uk mitirlckgth frupph mc uhlckc. Hfkc phtiri2  puú issiri issiri stumc stumcgth gth pgrtikm pgrtikmh h shah mgaai mgaai riagzc riagzchkc hkc spi spiecnce ecncedi di mc ehlgkmh ehlgkmh i mc hjjimcikz hjjimcikzgg edi aifgkh trg ahrh mgti pirshki, stgjcaikmh gkedi ai ehkmczchkc i ai ecrehstgkzi ck euc sc gttcvg ca rgpphrth mc phtiri. Zcedcimi uk gppgrgth gllckcstrgtcvh mc uhlckc mc ncmgtg hjjimcikzg edi, edi sirvgkh mg trglcti

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trg i shtthphstc. Pirsupirchrc issiri isirectgth ck lgkcirg ehktckugtcvg i rifhagri rcedcimi mc issiri aifcttclgth i edi c shtthphstc erimgkh kiaag sug aifcttclctà.

 

Ca tcph mc aifcttclgzchki rcedcistg mcviktg ca erctirch ck jgsi ga qugai Vijir mcstckfui 5 tcpc purc mc  phtiri2 ca phtiri egrcslgtceh, ca phtiri trgmczchkgai i ca phtiri aifgai. Hfkc tcph mc phtiri rcedcimi uk gppgrgth gllckcstrgtcvh ehk egrgttircstcedi spiecncedi i dg kia prhprch nukzchkglikth gaeukc ngtthrc spiecncec mc ckstgjcactà i mc ercsc. 7. PH]IZI EGZCULG]CEH EGZCULG]CEH2  pir egrcslg s–cktikmi s–cktikmi ukg qugactà ieeizchkgai ieeizchkgai gttrcjuctg gm gm ukg  pirshkg edi pirtgkth vciki rcehkhsecutg ehli egph. Ca rcehkhseclikth mia egrcslg phrtg quckmc gm ukg mimczchki mc nimi i mc iktuscgslh ck uk eaclg gatglikti ilhzchkgai. Ca phtiri egrcslgtceh dg jcshfkh mc ehktckui ehknirli gatrcliktc rcsedcg mc sehlpgrcri. Kiaag sug nhrlg purg ä crrgzchkgai kia siksh edi lgkeg mc rifhai im ä rcvhauzchkgrch ck qugkth rhvisecg ca pgssgth. Ca suh gppgrgth gllckcstrgtcvh  ä rumcliktgai, nhrlgth mg mcseiphac, uhlckc mc ncmuecg edi shkh g ehktgtth mcritth ehk ca egph rcegvgkmhki quckmc uk gahki mc egrcslg mgaag ahrh nimiatà i ehkhseikzg mcrittg mia egph. Hatri edi kiaag snirg riacfchsg ca phtiri egrcslgtceh trhvg isprisschki gkedi kiaag snirg phactceg im iehkhlceg? trgeei trg eei mc egrcs egrcslg lg shkh shkh rca rcaiv ivgjc gjcac ac gkedi gkedi ck tu tutti tti quiaai quiaai sct sctugz ugzchk chkcc ck euc mitirl mitirlckg ckgtc tc ehlgkmc ehlg kmc vikfhkh isifuctc isifuctc + pir ag egpgectà egpgectà pirshkgai pirshkgai mia egph mc clphrs clphrscc edi khk pir ca frgmh nhrlgai miaag sug egrceg. Ca rcsedch mc qsth phtiri stg kia prhaukfgrsc mia suh isireczch im ck pgrtcehagri mc nrhkti ga prhjailg miaag sueeisschki mia egph. Wugkmh ca egph luhri h sc rctcrg, c sueeisshrc jikedã sc rcedcglckh ga egrcslg hrcfckgrch, hrcfckgrch, khk  phsshkh ivctgri edi sc vgmg virsh ukg frgmugai trgsnhrlgzchki mia egrcslg ck prgtceg quhtcmcgkg edi nckcsei mc trgsnhrlgrah ck phtiri jurhergtceh-trgmczchkgai. :.sc PH]IZI ]ZGMCRCHKGAI ]ZGMCRCHKGAI2 uk phtiri mivi issiri minckcth trgmczchkgai qugkmh ag sug aifcttclctà

n  h km g   i   v c k i   g e e i tt t g   s u a a g  j g s i   m c   g k tc e d c tr  g cz c h k ga i   p u ú   k h k   g v i r  i   q u g ac tà   s p i e c n  ce d i   m h rm ckg l i k tc,   i s cs t ct c m g   s i l  p r  i .   C a   e gp h c eh l k mh ,   l g k h k h s tg k t i   e cú   c   s h t t h  p h st c shkh tiku tikutc tc gm hjji hjjimc mcik ikzg zg i rc rcvi viri rikz kzgg ck vc vcrt rtó ó mc qugk qugkth th if ifac ac rg rgpp ppri risi sikt ktgg rc rcsp spit itth th ga gaag ag trgmczchki. Ca phtiri trgmczchkgai dg ehkhsecuth : nhrli tcpcedi privgaiktc2  pgtrclhkcgai2 ca shvrgkh dg mcrctth mc caaclctgth ehlgkmh su qugascgsc sujhrmckgth i mcrctth mc prhprcità su qugascgsc hffitth gppgrtikikti gc suhc shtthphstc, c summctc. C nukzc nukzchkg hkgrc rc miaa–g miaa–gppg ppgrgt rgth h gllckc gllckcst strgt rgtcvh cvh shkh shkh ga sirvcz sirvczch ch pirshk pirshkgai gai mi miaa scfkhri, mcpikmikmh mg auc pir ukg rilukirgzchki ukcagtirgai. Niumgai2 a–gppgrgth gllckcstrgtcvh, hvvirh ag khjcatà, fhmi mc ukg + gatg guthkh gut hkhlc lcgg rcspit rcspitth th ga shvrgk shvrgkh. h. C nukzch nukzchkg kgrc rc shkh shkh mif mifac ac gaa gaaigt igtcc ukctc ukctc mg uk •

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5.

fcurglikth mc hkhri ck i nimiatà? uk mga prhprch mhlckch gllckcstrgtcvh edi vciki trgslissh irimctà? phssiffhkh khk mcpikmhkh scfkhri pir rilukirgzchki i susscstikzg, lg shkh tikutc tikutc g nhrkcrfac rcshrsi rcshrsi trgtti mga ahrh stissh stissh niumh.  Kia phtiri trgmczchkgai ca erctirch pir a–gssifkgzchki mc egrcedi ä a–gppgrtikikzg gm uk frupph prcvcaifcgth i ag nimiatà ga egph. Ca rcsedch mc ckstgjcactà ä silpri lckgeecgth mgaa–ckshrfiri mia egrcslg ahegai mc egpc edi sc rcjiaagkh gaag trgmczchki. PH]IZI AIFGAI2 sc hjjimcsei ga supirchri piredã sc prisuli edi ifac isirectc ag egrceg ck vcrtó mc ukg khlckg aifgai edi scg ehlpitikti i edi c suhc ehlgkmc scgkh ehknhrlc g hrmckgliktc aifgac. aifgac. Uc prisuli prisuli edi tgac hrmckgliktc2  Ucgkh stgtc stgtc cstctuctc rgzchkgalikti rcspitth gm uk mitirlckgth mitirlckgth vgahri h uk mitirlckgth sehph?  Ehstctucsehkh uk ckscili mc rifhai gstrgtti i ukcvirsgac, hsscg gppacegjcac gm ukg ukcvirsgactà mc egsc sclcac i khk scgkh stgti ilgkgti pir rifhagri egsc spiecncec ehk cktikmcliktc grjctrgrc?  Gkedi ca mitikthri mia phtiri aifgai scg tikuth g rcspittgri ah stissh hrmckglikth clpirshkgai ga qugai hrciktg ai sui mcsphsczchkc. Ck egsh ehktrgrch sc iktrg kia •

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mcsphtcslh i kiaa–grjctrch. 

A–gppgrgth gllckcstrgtcvh tcpceh mia phtiri aifgai ä ag jurhe  jurhergzcg rgzcg.

 

62  Ehkm c zchkc  sthrrc  c edi  mi

 g g gzcg   i aah  svcau  p  ph  mi i aag  jurr h  er g 

VIJIZ gnnirlg edi ah svcaupph mc uk–iehkhlcg lhkitgrcg ä mc frgkmi clphrtgkzg pir ah svcaupph ehlpaisscvh miaag jurhergzcg. I– ag prilissg pir ag ehlpgrsg mc uk eith mc nukzchkgrc nhrlgalikti acjirc i rilukirgtc gm dhe, g euc gnncmgri ah svhafclikth mc ehlpctc spiecgaczzgtc i ehktckugtcvc. A–iscstikzg mc prhjailc tiekcec mg rcshaviri ä ca prisupphsth lgtircgai edi shaaiectú ag erigzchki mc gppgrgtc gllckcstrgtcvc mhtgtc mc gaeuki egrgtt jurhergtcedi. Ai rgfchkc sthrcedi mia prheissh mc jurhergtczzgzchki jurhergtczzgzchki shkh ckmcegti mg Vijir ck : ngtthrc prckecpgac2 7. UYPIZCHZC]À ]IEKCEG MIAAG JYZHEZGRCG2 JYZHEZGRCG2 a–ikngsc mc Vijir suaa–inncecikzg miaag  jurhergzcg sc ehlprikmi tikikmh prisikti edi ag sug gkgacsc sc luhvi silpri g acviaah tcpceh cmigai i edi dg ehli tirlcki mc ehknrhkth ai gllckcstrgzchkc prijurhergtcedi trgmczchkgac. Lg Vijir Vijir khk cfkhrg cfkhrg ai ckinnc ckinnceci ecikzi kzi miaag miaag jurher jurhergzc gzcg2 g2 qsti qsti phsshk phsshkh h gpp gppgrc grcri ri im issiri issiri mikukecgti ck qugkth iscsthkh khrli edi ai sgkzchkgkh, liktri kiaai gllckcstrgzchkc  prijurergtcedi ag lgkegkzg mc khrli pir minckcri inncecikzg i hjcittcvctà clpimcvg ag stissg mikukecg fcurcmceg mifac grjctrc. Ecú ng sá edi fac gttc jurhergtcec scgkh ck ackig mc prckecpch + innceciktc, + iehkhlcec, + privimcjcac, + hffittcvc mifac gttc ehlpcutc kiaai gllckcstrgzchkc  prijurhergtcedi.  priju rhergtcedi. Ah svcaupph svcaupph miaa–clprisg egpctgacstceg lhmirkg ä ca ngtthri ngtthri mitirlckgkti mia  pgssgffch gaa–gllckcstrgzchki jurhergtceg ehli strulikth pir ca mcsjrcfh rgpcmh, ehktckugtcvh, priecsh i ukcvheh mifac gnngrc. :. G^^IK]H MIAAG MILHEZGRCG MC LGUUG2 ag jurhergzcg mc lgssg gnnhkmg ai rgmcec kia lhmirkh stgth mc mcrctth edi trgsnhrlg c summctc ck ecttgmckc i sgkecsei ca prckecpch miaag ahrh u f u g f acg k z g  n  h r l g ai m c  n  r  h k t i   a a g  a if f i .  C a ä ck e h l  p g t cj c ai   eh k   a g e h k s i r  v g z c h k   m c g l  pr  e c p ch   m c  u f ug f a g zg   e h k    p g r c   m c r  c tt   i   m h v i r   l ckc s t rg z c h k c tr  m cz c hk ac  j g s g t i   s u a a – i sc s t i k z g  m c  prcvca prcvcaifc ifc.. Ag ehlpgr ehlpgrsg sg miaag miaag milher milhergzc gzcgg nhrlg nhrlgai ai rcedci rcedcimi mi ag ehstru ehstruzch zchki ki mc uk gppgrg gppgrgth th gllckcstrgtcvh ehknhrli gc suhc prckecpc, i qsth gppgrgth ä ag milhergzcg. Uhah qstg ckngttc ä ck frgmh mc fgrgktcri ck ackig mc prckecpch g tuttc c ecttgmckc trgttgliktc ufugac, clpgrzcgac i  privimcjcac siehkmh ai mhrli vcfiktc. 42  Ai  gl jcvgaikzi  mi

i aag  jur h h errg  gzcg  

Vijir shtthackig kiaag sug gkgacsc ai gljcvgaikzi miaag jurhergzcg, hvvirh ca rcsedch edi fac stissc iailiktc ckmcegtc ehli ngtthrc mc supirchrctà sc trgsnhrlckh ck lckgeei pir a–uhlh. Isglckcglh 5 gspittc  jurhergzcg mc qsti gljcvgaikzi2 i phactceg2 ag jurhergtczzgzchki miaah stgth ä ah strulikth ehk euc vciki shmmcsngttg ag milhergzcg pgsscvg, lg prhprch ah svcaupph miaag jurhergzcg ehktciki iailiktc edi hstgehagkh ag milhergzcg gttcvg. Ag jurhergzcg mcnikmi ag prhprcg guthkhlcg mg cktirnirikzi istirki, lg mcnikmi gkedi gkedi si stissg stissg mg iviktugac erctcedi erctcedi i trhvg trhvg lhmh mc shttrgrsc ga ehktrhaah miaa–guthrctà phactceg. Ag jurhergzcg erigtg ehli ca + cmhkih strulikth mc gllckcstrgzchki ga sirvczch mia phtiri phactceh, mcviktg issg stissg uk–cstctuzchki mc phtiri mht mhtgtg gtg mc suhc suhc ckti cktiri riss sscc i mc su suii ahfc ahfced edii mc eh ehks ksir irvg vgzc zchk hki. i. I– mg khtg khtgri ri ed edii ag ; ehkeiktrgzchki mia phtiri phactceh kiaai lgkc mc uk shah egph khk gttikug, lg ga ehktrgrch gffrgvg ag sug mcpikmikzg mgaa–gppgrgth jurhergtceh. Jurhergzcg i spirshkgaczzgzchki spirshkgaczzgzchki2 ag jurhergzcg ä tgkth + pirnittg qugkth + sc mcsulgkczzg, hsscg qugkth + rikmi c rgpphrtc clpirshkgac i gkhkclc iseaumikmh siktcliktc i rcsiktcliktc. A–hrfgkczzgzchki jurhergtceg, edcimikmh gc suhc mcpikmiktc mc aclctgri ag acjirg isprisschki miaag ahrh pirshkgactà, ngvhrcsei ah svcaupph mc uk dgjctus edi nckcsei pir mcviktgri ag ahrh kgturg kgtu rg privgaikt privgaikti2 i2 spiecgacz spiecgaczzgzc zgzchki, hki, tiekcecsl tiekcecslh, h, minhr minhrlgzc lgzchki hki prhnissch prhnisschkgai, kgai, geeittgz geeittgzchki chki ckmcseussg miaag firgredcg, ehk ag tikmikzg g segrcegri suc acviaac supirchrc ag risphksgjcactà •

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lhrgai mic egscimg trgttgri. 2 ca prheissh mc lhmirkczzgzchki, lhmirkczzgzchki, pir qugkth cspcrgth g vgahrc mc Jurhergzcg rgzchkgactà

 

acjirtà, inncecikzg i rgzchkgactà, phrtg ehk sã uk–hseurg crrgzchkgactà mc nhkmh. A–gkfhsecg

 

ulgkg kia ehstrucri lizzc silpri + rgzchkgac pir rgffcukfiri sehpc silpri + crrgzchkgac rcs rcspit pitth th gc vgahrc vgahrc spcifg spcifg ag ehlpgr ehlpgrsg sg mc kuhvc kuhvc lhvcli lhvcliktc ktc egrcsl egrcslgtc gtcec, ec, scg riacfc riacfchsc hsc edi cmihahfcec ehk euc sc eireg mc rcehknircri uk siksh ga prhprch issiri ga lhkmh. Egrcslg vuha mcri stgth kgseikti, pgrtiecpgzchki ieectgtg im iktuscgstg, lhjcactgzchki pir uk ncki, rhtturg ehk ca pgssgth i phtikzg rcvhauzchkgrcg.

EGP. :2 MHPH VIJIZ. AI EHKUIFYIKRI CKG]]IUI MIAAG JYZHEZGRCG  KIAA–GKGACUC MC ZHJIZ]  KIAA–GKGACUC ZHJIZ] LIZ]HK LIZ]HK 72  Uvcau  p  pc  phst  wi  jirrc  cgkc  mi

 h herr g g  g gzcg   i fac stumc c suaag  jurr h h

 Kia eglph mia pikscirh pikscirh hrfgkczzgtcvh hrfgkczzgtcvh Vijir agsecg ck irimctà2 irimctà2 - uk prisupphsth2 edi khk scg phsscjcai ehkeipcri ai hrfgkczzgzchkc rgzchkgalikt rgzchkgaliktii hrciktgti gm uk ncki si khk ehli jurhergzci, hsscg edi ag jurhergzcg ä a–ukceg i spiecnceg nhrlg ck euc phsshkh  prikmiri ehrph ai hrfgkczzgzc hrfgkczzgzchkc hkc rgzchkgac? - uk prhjailg2 ä quiaah miaag rgzchkgactà rgzchkgactà edi Vijir mincká ck jgsi ga siksh mic shff edi gfcsehkh. Uc svcauppg ehsá kifac YUG trg fac gkkc –=0 i –>0 ukg stgfchki mc stumc suaai jurhergzci pujjacedi i  prcvgti.ai gljcvgaikzi miaag jurhergzcg shkh ca tilg prinircth mc uk–gkgacsc erctceg, spissh  pissclcstg. Wsti gkgacsc shkh egrgtt mg uk mhppch rivcschkcslh2 ZI^CUCHKCULH IUPACEC]H2 sc svcauppg gppacegkmh uk gpprheech nukzchkgacstceh gc tilc wijircgkc

m i a a g  j u r he r  gz c g. W s th   g  p  p r  he e c g p  p g r  i   e h k f cg a i   rg z c h k g ai   h k  e u c c   h f f  g f c s h k h i   ai   e h k si f u ikz i   k  p i r    l i tt r i   g   n  u e h   f a c s e g r t c t g   a– c k t i k z ch k i h k   g t ti si  i   k h k v ha u ti  e d i   k i   m i rc v g k h   g   ac v ia ah mc strutturg. Wstc segrtc vikfhkh ehkeittugaczzgtc ehli ‑ nukzchkc agtiktc“, edi gssulhkh spissh ag ehkkhtgzchki kifgtcvg mc mcsnukzchkc, hvvirh mc ckehkvikciktc edi ehlprhlitthkh g vhati ck lhmh frgvi ca pirsifuclikth rgzchkgai mic nckc pir euc a–hrfgkczzgzchki ä stgtg ehstctuctg. Z I^CUCHKCULH I^CUCHKCULH LIKH IUPACEC]H2 gmhttg uk nukzchkgacslh mijhai h erctceh. Wsth tcph mc rivcschki  prisiktg uk rieupirh miaag mclikschki wijircgkg mia siksh edi c shff ehknircsehkh gaai ahrh gzchkc. I– suaag jgsi mc tgai rieupirh edi a–gkgacsc miaah segrth trg cktikzchkc i rcsuatgtc gequcstg  prhjailgtcectà i tikschki. C : rivcschkcslc shkh ehaaifgtc2 mg uk agth sc prikmhkh ai mcstgkzi mg Vijir limcgkti uk gpprheech mc cs cspc pcrg rgzc zchk hkii nu nukz kzch chkg kgac acst stg, g, mg mgaa aa–g –gat atrh rh sc pr prik ikmh mhkh kh ai mcst mcstgk gkzi zi mg mgaa aaii vi virs rsch chkc kc + pisg pisgkt ktcc mi miaa nukzc nuk zchkg hkgacs acslh lh rieupi rieupirgk rgkmh mh quiaag quiaag cktikzc cktikzchkg hkgact actàà mia shff edi ä ga eiktrh eiktrh miaag wijircgkg.

rcn rcnais aissch schki ki

:2  Nukzchkgacslh  n  h h  h   r t i  i  n   t thk    u u u ukzchkgacslh  mi i  jhai  kiaag  shechahfcg  glir c cegkg2  Pgrrs  shks  i Lir t t

Fac stumc stumc phst phst wijirc wijircgkc gkc suaag suaag jurher jurhergzc gzcgg kifac kifac Ysg gvvikf gvvikfhkh hkh kia kiaa–g a–gljc ljcth th mc uk gpprhe gpprheech ech nukz nukzch chkg kgac acst stce ceh h pire piredã dã ck qu quif ifac ac gk gkkc kc ag sh shec echa hahf hfcg cg gl glir irce cegk gkgg sujc sujcse seii ukg ukg nhrt nhrtii ckna cknaui uikz kzgg nukzchkgacstceg. nukzchkgacstce g. Ai hrcfckc mia nukzchkgacslh sh trhvgkh ck MYZODICL ca qugai gvivg tihrczzgth ag kieissctà mc2 - ehkscmirgri c ngttc shecgac ehli ehsi mhtgti mc phtiri mc ehireczchki suaag ehkmhttg mic sckfhac ckmcvcmuc? - mcstckfuiri kiaag spcifgzchki mc uk nikhlikh shecgai trg ag egusg mia nikhlikh i ag nukzchki shecgai edi issh mc ngtth gsshavi, ga mc aà miaai cktikzchkc i mgaai rgpprisiktgzchkc mic shff. Wstg cphtisc mc agvhrh, gktctitceg gaai phsczchkc wijircgki, irg stgtg rcprisg kiaa–gktrhphahfcg euaturgai mg LGACKHVUOC i ZGMEACNNI-JZHVK. Issc ehkmcvcmivgkh ag ehkvckzchki edi

 

ekhikaathr  cjsututcm  cehd  im  iaiaa iv  ger hcil  ucsktctuàz  c phr kclc scthcvecig  acs c i mehuvaituvr gkahc  n  u k  z  c h k c  mgikaaga czezhglriu  kschtà p r n ghttr uktctshe hakih  p i r    sh m ,m  chsn sgsr cgi c

 

 jcshfkc jcshfkc nhkmglik nhkmgliktgac tgac miaa–uhlh miaa–uhlh hppuri pir lgktikir lgktikirii ai ehkmczchkc ehkmczchkc kieissgr kieissgrci ci mc iscstikzg iscstikzg miaag miaag vctg shecgai mc frupph. ]rg ai ehksifuikzi + rcaivgktc r caivgktc miaa–gktrhphahfcg nukzchkgacstg sc phsshkh ckmcegri2 - ag vcschki vcschki miaag miaag shecità shecità ehli uk scstilg scstilg shecgai shecgai ukctgr ukctgrch, ch, ehlphs ehlphsth th mg pgrtc pgrtc cktirmcpikmiktc, cktirmcpikmik tc, ehk ukg shttcktisg gkgahfcg trg shecità i hrfgkcs hrfgkcslc lc jchahfcec? - a–gaagrfg a–gaagrfglikt likth h mia ehkeitth ehkeitth mc euaturg euaturg edi vciki vciki minckc minckctg tg ehli uk cksc ckscili ili mc struliktc lgtircgac i scljhacec ehk euc fac uhlckc phsshkh rcshaviri c prhjailc edi sc  prisiktgkh kia rgpphrth rgpphrth ehk a–gljcikti a–gljcikti i kia shmmcsngecli shmmcsngeclikth kth mic ahrh jcshfkc. shstctucri ag prieimikti nhkmgzchki utcactgrcstceh-ckmcvcmugai miaag ehkvcvikzg shecgai ehk ukg kuhvg nhkmgzchki jgsgtg suaag kgturg lhrgai miaai khrli? shtt shttha hack ckig igri ri ai nu nukz kzch chkc kc ckti cktifr frgt gtcv cvii sv svha hati ti mg mgaa aaii cs cstc tctuz tuzch chkc kc shec shecga gacc pi pirr spci spcifg fgri ri su jg jgsc sc ehksisugacstcedi ehksisugacstce di a–iscstikzg miaa–hrmcki shecgai? ehkscmirgri ag shecità ehli uk scstilg shecgai mhtgth mc lieegkcslc cktirkc pir guthlgktikirsc siehk siehkmh mh iqucac iqucacjrc jrc gmgttc gmgttcvc, vc,ii mc ehksif ehksifuik uikzg zg ehkscm ehkscmirg irgri ri hfkc hfkc nhrlg nhrlg mc ehknac ehknactth tth issikzcgalikti issikzcgali kti ehli ukg pgthahfcg. LIZ]HK g mcnn mc Pgrshks hpirg uk–gssukzchki mijhai mia nukzchkgacslh? prheimi ehstruikmh tihrci mc limch rgffch, nhrlgti mg ukg sirci mc cphtisc lhath spiecncedi mg vircncegri ehk lithmh ilpcrceh su ukg fgllg aclctgtg mc nikhlikc. Ckscili gm uk rcncuth mc ukg tihrcg fikirgai, Lirthk rcncutg a–cmig edi ag shechahfcg phssg rcmursc gaag silpacei geeuluagzchki mc ehkhseikzi ilpcrcedi  prcvi mc ukh sedilg tihrceh gmifugth. Ag rceireg svhafi = nukzchkc nukzchkc kic ehknrhktc ehknrhktc miaag tihrcg2 quiaag

PGZUHKU mceivg edi ca nukzchkgacslh irg ehkfikcgai pir2 •

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m c s u se c tg r  a g, r  c nh r  l u a g r  a g,   r  c i k tg r  a g   i   e d c g r  nh rk i k m h ag   m c  c  p h ti s c m c   a g v h r h   m g   v i r  c n  ce g r  i   s u a c n  ce gr  a g   Hvvirh ag tihrcg ritrhgfcsei suaag rceireg Pir mijhai sc cktikmi uk nukzchkgacslh e g l  p h . edi rcehkhsei edi a–hffitth prckecpgai mc stumch miaag shechahfcg shkh ai ehksifuikzi prhvhegti mg mit gzchkc h cstctuzchkc, cstctuzchkc, lg edi rcncutg rcncutg a–cmig mc ukg shrtg mc nukzchkgacslh nukzchkgacslh ukcvirsgai siehkmh siehkmh euc tutti ai gzchkc i cstctuzchkc ulgki svhafhkh kieissgrcglikti qugaedi nukzchki.  c  c tceg  lir t  t t 52  Ag  err c  thkcgkg  mi

i c  phstuagtc n u  ukzchkgacstc  

Lirthk ckmcvcmug i rcutg c 5 phstuag mia nukzchkgacslh nhrti2 YKC]À NYKRCHKGAI MIAAG UHECI]À2 gssuli edi ai nukzchkc svhati mg ukg mgtg cstctuzchk cstct uzchkii shkh silpri hlhfikii hlhfikii i mcnnusi mcnnusi kiaa–ckti kiaa–cktirh rh scstilg scstilg shecgai. shecgai. Lirthk Lirthk hjcittg hjcittg mceikmh edi ukg shecità khk puú issiri pgrgfhkgtg gm uk hrfgkcslh vcvikti ck euc tutti ai  pgrtc shkh cktirehkkissi, ca suh frgmh mc cktifrgzchki cktirkg vgrcg kia tilph im ä mcvirsh g siehkmg miaag shecità. Wstg ä sifliktgtg, ehlphsctg, nhrlgtg mg iailiktc itirhfikic i segrsglikti ehaaifgtc nrg mc ahrh, ki ä uk isilpch ag riacfchki. Pirecú jcshfkg stumcgri ehk tihrci mc limch lim ch rgffch rgffch ag kgturg kgturg i ca frgmh frgmh mc mc mcnnu nnusch schki ki miaai miaai nukzch nukzchkc kc is isire irectg ctgti ti mg spiecn spiecnced cedii cstctuzchkc ck spiecncec ehktistc. :. NYKRCHKGACULH YKC^IZUGAI2 siehkmh euc hfkc cstctuzchki h gjctumcki ehkshacmgtg svhafi silpri i kieissgrcglikti qugaedi nukzchki ck sikh gaag shecità. Ca phstuagth iseaumi edi cstctuzchkc h usgkzi mia pgssgth phssgkh shprgvvcviri ck lhmh ckirzcgai sikzg + isirectgri ai nukzchkc pir euc irgkh shrti. 5. EHZZCUPHKMIKRG JCYKC^HEG I KIEIUUGZCG2 trg cstctuzchkc i nukzchkc. Ykg cstctuzchki  puú svhafiri silpri i shatgkth ukg spiecnceg nukzchki, i g sug vhatg qstg puú issiri svhatg shah mg quiaag cstctuzchki. cstctuzchki. Ca phstuagth iseaumi iseaumi ag phsscjcactà phsscjcactà edi iscstgkh miaai gatirkgtcvi

7.

nukzchkgac, hsscg edi miaai nukzchkc phssgkh issiri svhati mg cstuzchkc mcvirsi mg quiaai

h r  c fc kg r ci . Ag ehke a u s h i   m c Lirthk ä edi jcshfkg pirvikcri gm ukg ehkeizchki prhjailgtceg mic rgpphrtc trg cstctuzchkc i nukzchkc, mga lhlikth edi2

 

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ai nukzchkc phsshkh issiri svhati mg + cstctuzchkc? ag stissg cstctuzchki puú svhafiri mcvirsi nukzchkc? ai nukzchkc svhati mg uk–cstctuzchki uk–cstctuzchki khk shkh kieissgrcglikti kieissgrcglikti quiaai privcsti gaa–hrcfcki.

=2  Nukzchkc  lgkcn   i i i i   sti  i n u  ukzchkc  agtiktc  

Ykg egrgtt mia nukzchkgacslh ä ca prclgth geehrmgth gaai ehksifuikzi hffittcvi miaai gzchkc rcspitth gc lhtcvc edi spckfhkh spckfhkh c shff gm gfcri h gaai hpckchkc hpckchkc edi issc dgkkh dgkkh miaai prhprc prhprcii gzchkc. Lirthk ehkmc ehk mcvcm vcmii qsth prclgth prclgth lg gffcukf gffcukfii edi jcshfk jcshfkgg tikir jik mcstck mcstcktc tc c lhtcvc lhtcvc edi spck spckfh fhkh kh fac ckmcvcmuc gm gfcri mgaai ehksifuikzi hffittcvi edi phsshkh mircvgri mgaai ahrh gzchkc. Ai ehksi ehk sifui fuikzi kzi mc uk–gzc uk–gzchki hki phssh phsshkh kh issir issirii khti khti i vhauti vhauti mgc shff shff edi ag ehlpch ehlpchkh( kh( nukzchkc lgkcnisti), hppuri phsshkh khk issiri vhauti kã ehkhsecuti(nukzchkc agtiktc). Lg si ai nukzchkc agtiktc shkh pir minckczchki sehkhsecuti, ehli sc ng g sgpiri edi iscsthkh i ehli sc ng gm ckmcvcmugrai8 Wuc iktrg ck fcheh ag rceireg shechahfceg2 ai nukzchkc agtiktc shkh cfkhrgti mgc liljrc miaag shecità lg phsshkh issiri hffitth mc sehpirtg i mc rcnaisschki mg pgrti mic rceiregthrc. Ag mcstckzchki trg nukzchkc lgkcnisti lgkcnisti i agtiktc dg miaai ehksifuikzi2 ag prclg stg kiaa–ckmcvcmugri kiaai nukzchkc agtiktc a–hffitth mc gttikzchki mg pgrti mc edc ng rceireg. Ga rceiregthri spittg mc spcifgri eirti prgtcedi ehk gkgacsc edi vgkkh hatri ca siksh ehluki, edi stclhagkh g rcnaittir mg uk pukth mc vcstg mcvirsh mg quiaah phssimuth mgc shff clpifkgtc kiaai prgtcedi isglckgti mga rceiregthri. I — rgfchkivhai prisuliri edi ck ukg •

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s h ec i t à   c k   r  g  p m g   t r  g s n  hr  l g z c h k i   e h l i   ag khstrg, ai nu k z c h k c   ag t i k tc e d i    p r  c l g  k h k   i sc s ti v g k h . ckkhvgzchkc svhafhkh silpri miaai I– phsscjcai mcstckfuiri mui grii mcvirsi mc rceireg shecgai. Ca ngtth edi ai ehksifuikzi mc mitirlckgtc nikhlikc scgkh ehkhsecuti, echä scgkh miaai nukzchkc lgkcnisti, khk vcitg edi issii mcvikt iss mcviktck ckh h hffitt hffitth h mc rceire rceireg. g. Pir stumcgri stumcgri a–isgttg a–isgttg phrtgtg phrtgtg mc spiecn spiecnced cedii nukzch nukzchkc kc lgkcnisti sc erigkh gpphsctc cstctutc mc rceireg h sc gppgatgkh rceiredi ehk ah sehph mc httikiri ai ehkhse ehkhseikz ikzii kieiss kieissgr grci ci pir prikmi prikmiri ri ai ckczcg ckczcgtcv tcvii + hpphrt hpphrtuki uki.. Ck qst qstcc egsc egsc ca ruhah ruhah miaa–cktiaaittugai ä aclctgth g suffircri c lhmc + innceciktc pir gttugri miaai miecschkc h g cktrhmurri miaai gatirkgtcvi mc gzchki edi khk vchackh c vgahrc miaa–gllckcstrgzchki. Ca nukzchkgacslh mc Lirthk puú issiri minckcth erctceh, piredã khk silpri ai nukzchkc svhati mg mitirlckgti mitirlckgti cstctuzchkc shkh phsctcvi i quckmc spittg ga ga rceiregthri ckmcpikmikti littirai littirai ck auei? im ä acjirgai, piredã ä ahktgkh mg hfkc hpzchki cmihahfceg mc mistrg ehli mc sckcstrg.

92  Ai  n  u  kzchkc  mi

 u u kzchkc  agtiktc  ehli  str u  ulikth  mc

c c  c   rr c eirre  eg2  ai  mc c sn  u u  u u  

trgttc tc egrgt egrgttircs tircstcec tcec miaag erctceg erctceg lirthkcgk lirthkcgkgg i aag  jur h  h h  her g  g  g gzcg  C trgt

shkh :2 7. ck ehknhr ehknhrlct lctàà ga ehkeit ehkeitth th mc nukzch nukzchki ki agtikt agtiktii Lirth Lirthk k khk ei eireg reg ai rgfchk rgfchkcc mc quia egttcv egttcvh h nukzchkglikth gaa–istirkh miaag jurhergzcg, eireg ckviei pir ackii cktirki gaag jurhergzcg. Ifac pirvciki ehsá gm uk–gkgacsc mc gaeuki eirtizzi ecreg ag rgzchkgactà mia lhmiaah  jurhergtceh wijircgkh im ckgufurg ca rivcschkcslh phst-wijirc phst-wijircgkh. gkh. :. clphrtgkzg edi kiaa–gkgacsc kiaa–gkgacsc mc Lirthk gssulhkh gssulhkh gaeukc gspittc egrgttircstcec miaag pirshkgactà pirshkgactà mc edc hpirg ck strutturi jurhergtcedi. Lirthk ehlpci uk–hpirgzchki gljcvgaikti2 gljcvgaikti2 mg uk agth erctceg ca lhmiaah wijircgkh miaag jurhergzcg

zi gkgacedi? mgaa–gatrh mgaa–gatrh agth luhvi quiaai ercedi ercedi ehk uk gpprheech nukzchkgacseh nukzchkgacseh grrceedcth prhprch miaag mclikschki shff edi ä eiktrg

 

9.7 2 A–“ckegpgectà“ mc gmgttgrsc ga kuhvh

Ag khrlgtcvg edi rifhag uk gppgrgth jurhergtceh ä ehlphstg mg2 firgredcg, tcrheckch i egrrcirg, sceurizzg mc clpcifh, sniri mc ehlpitikzg, sifritc mc unncech, ecrehagrc, nhrlgactà mc ehktgttc. Wsth ckscili mc khrli i prheimuri ä stgth vcg vcg pirnizchkgth pir phtir shmmcsngri : nukzchkc lgkcnisti2 hnnrcri gfac utiktc mia sirvczch uk trgttglikth trgttglikth iquh im clpgrzcgai? iaclckgri heegschkc heegschkc mc gttrctc i rcvgactà trg c liljrc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. •

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A–cktirg khrlgtcvg kgsei pir phtir pirsifucri ehk ca lgx mc inncecikzg, clpgrzcgactà i rcsirvgtizzg fac sehpc cstctuzchkgac pir euc a–hrfgkczzgzchki ä kgtg, i gaah stissh tilph mc ngvhrcri ehk sgkzchkc i rilukirgzchkc ag lgssclg lgssclg cmiktcncegzchki mic nukzchkgrc nukzchkgrc ehk fac sehpc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. C nukzchkgrc  shkh shtthphstc gm ukg sirci mc prisschkc shecgac2 mivhkh gmmistrgrsc i spiecgaczzgrsc spiecgaczzgrsc kiaai prheimuri + gmgtti gm gnnrhktgri c prhjailc hffittc mia ahrh agvhrh? ai prheimuri mivhkh issiri stgkmgrmczzgti pir phtir ivctgri edi trgttgliktc mcnnirikzcgtc ck sctugzchkc gkgahfdi phssgkh phssgkh trgmursc ck prcvcaifc h gjusc ckfcustcncegtc ckfcustcncegtc virsc fac utiktc? shkh ehstgktilikti ckvctgtc ckvctgtc gm gttikirsc seruphahsgli seruphahsglikti kti gaai khrli vcfiktc. Lirthk mcei edi ag spiecgaczzgzchki g euc shkh edcglgtc c nukzchkgrc puú trgmursc ck minhrlgzchki  pr prhn hnis issc schk hkga gai, i, ck ukg ukg ‑ ckegpg ckegpgectà ectà gmmis gmmistrgtg trgtg“ ed edii sc lgkc lgkcni nist stgg qugk qugkmh mh ai gz gzch chkc kc jg jgsg sgti ti suaa–gmm suaa –gmmistrg istrglikt likth h i a–gjcactà a–gjcactà tiekceg, tiekceg, edi ck ck pgssgth pgssgth gvivgkh gvivgkh mgth uk iscth iscth phsctcvh, phsctcvh, phsshkh phsshkh rcsuatgri ck rcsp ckgpprhprcgti shtth lutgti ehkmczchkc. Wugkmh ag rigatà lutg, tutth a–gppgrgth vciki lissh ck ercsc. A–gmmistrglikth trhpph spiecnceh mia nukzchkgrch, sc trgmuei ck lgkegkzg mc muttcactà •

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k aa – g  p  p ac e g z c h k i   m i a a i   k h r  l i   i   q u ck m c   u k   l g k  p ir    ca   sh f f   i   u k   l g k e g t h    p i rs i f u c l i k t h   m i fa c e g t h   g m g t t g l i k t h , e d i   p rh v h e d i r  à   n  r  u s t r  g z c h k c i s e h p c  p i r    e u c a– h r  f g k c sl h   j u r  h e r  g t c e h   i r  g   s t gt h   e r  g k s ci i gt h . A–ckegpgectà mc gmgttglikth gppgri ehli prclh egsh mc nukzchki agtikti miaa–hrmckglikth  jurhergtceh. 9.: 2 Ca rctugacslh jurhergtceh

A–inncegei nukzchkglikth mc ukg strutturg shecgai mcpikmi gkedi mga sgpir cknhkmiri kic liljrc mia frupph c siktcliktc i fac gttiffcgliktc gpprhprcgtc. Ecú gvvciki gkedi kiaag jurhergzcg. Geegmi  pirú pirú edi, edi, gaah gaah sehph sehph mc gssceu gssceurgr rgrii ag mcsecp mcsecpack ackg, g, qstc qstc siktcl siktclikt iktcc shkh shkh + ckt cktiks iksc. c. Wstg Wstg lgffch lgffchri ri cktiksctà khk prhvheg shah nimiatà gaai khrli lg uk ehknhrlcslh edi mcviktg ncki g si stissh. A– A–gm gmis isch chki ki ga gaai ai ri rifh fhai ai,, eh ehke keip ipct ctgg hrcf hrcfck ckgr grcg cgli likt ktii eh ehli li lizz lizzh, h, mc mcvi vikt ktgg nc ncki ki g si st stis issg sg,, vircncegkmhsc ehsá ca prheissh miaag ‑ trgsph trgsphsczchki sczchki miaai liti“, pir euc uk vgahri struliktgai mcviktg nckgai. Wstc ckehkvikciktc mc uatrgehknhrlcslh shkh gffrgvgtc qugkmh egsc mujjc h gkhlgac shtthphstc gaa–isgli mia nukzchkgrch prhvhegkh miaai ckeirtizzi cktirpritgtcvi. Wugkmh ag sckfhagrctà mia egsh clphrrijji uk trgttglikth + iagstceh, ca tclhri mc ehlphrtgrsc ck lgkcirg mcnnhrli mgaai khrli pgrgaczzg ca jurhergti, fac ng ckfcfgktcri ai mcnncehatà i rgaaiktg ag shauzchki miaag prgtceg. 9.5 2 Upcrcth mc ehrph i

hrfhfach mc listciri

Lirthk Lirth k sercv sercvii edi edi c nukzch nukzchkgr kgrcc dgkkh dgkkh ehseci ehsecikzg kzg edi uk mistck mistckh h ehluki ehluki ukcsei ukcsei tuttc tuttc ehahrh ehahrh ed edii agvhrgkh ckscili. Issc ehkmcvcmhkh c limisclc cktirissc i qsth nikhlikh ä ngvhrcth mga ngtth edi ag ehlpit ehl pitczc czchki hki ä riagtc riagtcvgl vglikt iktii aclctg aclctgtg tg mgaa–i mgaa–iscs scstik tikzg zg mc uk prhfri prhfrissh ssh mc eg egrrc rrcirg irg ck tirlck tirlckcc mc Ag ahttg gaa–cktirkh mia isehfctgtc frupph ä ehsá rcmhttgmggalckclczzgri lckclh. Cgkzcgkctà. rifhagliktc cktirkc shkh stgtc ck lhmh mgkkhsi ehlpitczchkc. Lg qstg nukzchki lgkcnistg ä ehlprhlissg mg ukg nukzchki agtikti, hvvirh ag erigzchki mc ukh spcrcth mc ehprh edi phrtg spissh c jurhergtc g mcnikmiri c prhprc cktirissc ehstctuctc pcutthsth edi gm gsscstiri

 

f a c u t i k t c i c   s u  p i r  ch r  c.   F a u t i k t c m v i k t g k eh s á ai k t i z z g ,   l i k t r  i  c  s u  p i r c hr  c e h r  r  h k h  ca   rc s e d ch m c  r  i v ct t cl i   m c u k   r g t t g l i k t h g e u k h sh    p r    r  fcmctà i s tg r  i  pr  c v c   m c v ct a c  c k nh   m g c  a h rh   m cp i k mi k t c.

 

9.= 2 Ehktrgstgktc gspittgtcvi gspittgtcvi mc jurhergzcg i mc

utikzg

Gatrg nhkti strutturgai mc mcsnukzchki sc trhvg kiaa–crrcmuecjcai ehktrgsth trg ca lhmh mc prheimiri mia  jurher jurhergti gti i ai gspitt gspittgtc gtcvi vi miaa–u miaa–utik tikti. ti. Ag pirshk pirshkgac gactà tà mia jurher jurhergti gti ruhtg ruhtg ckthrk ckthrkh h gag khrlg khrlg miaa–clpirshkgactà i a–utikti khk frgmcsei ca ehlphrtglikth stirihtcpgth mia jurhergti edi rcmuei ca suh egsh gm ukg prgtceg. Ag tikschki guliktg qugkmh ca siktclikth mia jurhergti mc issiri uk nimiai sirvct sir vcthri hri miaag miaag khrlg khrlg sc trgmue trgmueii ck uk gtt gttiff iff edi gaa gaa–ut –utikt iktii gppgri gppgri gat gatizz izzhsh hsh i grrhfg grrhfgkti kti.. Ag mcsnukzchki gttciki gaag kgturg stissg miaag jurhergzcg edg dg ukg strutturg mc frupph siehkmgrcg, echä nhrlgactà i clpirshkgactà mic rgpphrtc, pir ispacegri mitirlckgti gttcvctà edi khk phtrijjirh issiri gmilpcuti ck lhmh shmmcsngeikti si sc sifucssirh c erctirc prhprc mic fruppc prclgrc. Fa Facc utik utiktc tc edci edcimh mhkh kh ed edii c nu nukz kzch chkg kgrc rc mc mclh lhst strc rckh kh mutt muttca cact ctà, à, ed edii quck quckmc mc ck cktr trhm hmue uegk gkh h kia kia ahrh ahrh ehlphr ehl phrtg tglik likth th vgautg vgautgzc zchkc hkc mc tcph tcph pirshk pirshkgai gai.. Mga Mgaa–g a–gatr atrh h agt agth h pirú pirú si uk trgttg trgttglik likth th pirshk pirshkgai gai shstct shs tctucs ucssi si ca trgtt trgttgli glikth kth clpirs clpirshkg hkgai ai ecú prhvhe prhvhedir dirijj ijjii mcnnus mcnnusgg mcsgpp mcsgpprhv rhvgz gzchk chkii i geeusi geeusi mc ngvhrctcslh i kiphtcslh.

EGP.52 GA^CK FHYAMKIZ2 AG PAYZGAC]G– MIC LHMIAC JYZHEZG]CEC 72  Ca  ehktrc c juth  mc c Fhuamk k ir  ga  mc c jgttcth phst  wi jir c c  c cgkh  

FHYAMKIZ gmhttg FHYAMKIZ gmhttg uk nukzchkga nukzchkgacslh cslh erctceh erctceh edi ah rikmi rikmi sikscjcai sikscjcai gm ckmcvcmu ckmcvcmugri gri ai nukzchkc nukzchkc agtiktc mc prhvvimcliktc, khrli i cstctuzchkc. Ca suh sehph ä quiaah mc mclhstrgri edi ca lhmiaah

w i  ji r  c g k h   m c   j u r  h e r g z c g   ä   l c k g t h   m g u k g   eh k eh l  p i t i k z g ,  p i r e u c   e h k v ci ki   g  j  j g k m h k g r ah  i   tr  g m m c z c h k i   c k s g k g  j c ai   t r  g c  p rc k e cp c   mc mcsecpackg i mc Ifac  p i r  v i k c r  i  g m   u k g  p a u r  g ac t à   m c  l h m i aa c . isglckg ag mckglceg mc uk prheissh mc jurhergtczzgzchki kia suh mcvikcri i mclhstrg edi tgai  prheissh khk vg ehkscmirgth ehli ukg rcsp clpirshkgai gc jcshfkc mc lgffchri inncecikzg miaa–cktirg hrfgkczzgzchki, lg isprcli silpri c prhjailc i ai priheeupgzchkc mia frupph mcrcfikti edi  prhluhvi quia prheissh. :2  C  prr i  i i  isu  p  phstc  tihrrc  c ec mi

i

 e e aag  rr c eirr e  eg   Fhuamkir khtg edi uk pukth ehktrhvirsh mia lhmiaah mc Vijir rcfugrmg a–inncegecg miaai khrli edi siehkmh Vijir shkh ckstgurgti pir clphsczchki hppuri pir ehksiksh. Fhuamkir mcei edi ä prhprch a–gatirkgtcvg trg clphsczchki i ehksiksh g mitirlckgri rifhai mcnniriktc pir httikiri a–inncegecg miaai khrli, khrl i, i quckmc quckmc g prhmurri prhmurri lhmiaac lhmiaac mcnniriktc mcnniriktc mc hrfgkczz hrfgkczz jurhergtc jurhergtceg. eg. Vijir   khk ehfa ehfaci ci qsti qsti mcnnirikzi, gkzc, miackig uk lhmiaah ukctgrch mc jurhergzcg jgsgth suaag ehlprisikzg mc : prckecpc2 7. mcsecpackg firgredceg2 mircvgkti mgaag ehknhrlctà gaai mcsphsczchkc supirchrc? :. ehlpitikzg prhnisschkgai2 cktisg ehli ag shllg shllg miaai gjcactà kieissgrci kieissgrci pir  a–ispaitglikth miaa–ckegrceh gnncmgth. Vijir ä ehksgpivhai edi qstc : prckecpc phsshkh mgr auhfh g tikschkc i ercsc, g rcehkhsei tutth ecú ehli ckivctgjcai i ckiaclckgjcai. Fhuamkir  shstciki  shstciki ckviei edi qsti tikschkc dgkkh gkedi ehksifuikzi shechahfcedi. Ykg pirshkg  priphs priphstg tg gm uk ruhah ruhah edi ehlphr ehlphrtg tg gati gati ehlpit ehlpitikz ikzii i risphk risphksg sgjca jcactà ctà tikmi tikmi g ehlphr ehlphrtgr tgrsc sc ehk a–guthkhlcg mircvgkti mgaag pgmrhkgkzg miaai ehkhseikzi kieissgrci. Hfkc cktirvikth istirkh sgrà vcst vcsth h eh ehli li uk–ck uk–ckti tirn rnir irik ikzg zg edi puú lckgee lckgeecg cgri ri tg tgai ai guthk guthkhl hlcg cg.. ]utt ]uttgv gvcg cg khk ck tu tutt ttii ai hrfgk hrf gkczz czzgzc gzchkc hkc iscsifucri sti ca mcail mca lg trg a–gfcr a–gkhk fcriigmifugtg mc prhprc prhprcg g ckczcg ckczcgtcv tcvggmgasifuik sif uikmh mh shah sha ag aiffi aif fi miaag miaag ehlpitikzg im caiscsti ag illg priserczchki prhvikcikti supirchri. Ech shkh sctugzchkc ck euc ca prckecpch mc ehlpitikzg ä cstctuzchkgalikti rcehkhsecuth ehli supirchri ga prckecpch mc mcsecpackg i sctugzchkc ck ck euc geegmi ca ehktrgrch.

 

A g   m cv i rs ct à   m i a ai sc tu g z c h kc   a g v h r  g t c v i   s u f f i r  cs e i   mc s t ck tc  l h m i aa c m c   j j u rh e r  g z g ,   ag   e u c   g  p  p a c e gz c h k i   m g   F h u a k i r m c   c  p h t cz z g r  i   a – i s cs t i k z g   m c galikh : c  p i km i   mg c  m c v i r  s c  e h k t i k u t c m i a a g v h r h .

 

 Kiaai sctugzchkc + phviri mc ehktikutc prhnisschkgac vcfi uk lhmiaah edi sc jgsg sua prckecpch miaag mcsecpackg? kiaai sctugzchkc + rceedi mc ehktikutc prhnisschkgac vcfi uk lhmiaah edi sc jgsg sua  prckecpch mc ehlpitikzg. Puú ah stissh agvhrh issiri rifhagth mg khrli jgsgti suaag mcsecpackg pir gaeukc gspittc i mg khrli  jgsgti suaag ehlpitikzg pir gatrc gspittc Fhuamkir svhasi a–isgli mc qstc prhjailc trg ca 73=4 7 3=4 i ca 7397 ck ukh stgjcaclikth edi istrgivg i rgnnckgvg fissh.

52  Ag  m c seisg  sua  egl ph2  mg

g a  lhmi i aah  mc c ckmu u u   u  afikzg  gaag  jur h h  h her g g gtczzgzchki 

 Kiaah stgjcaclikth mhvi sc svhasi ag rceireg vc agvhrgvgkh kia 73=4 ecreg ::9 pirshki, 69 kiaag lckcirg i 790 kic mcvirsc ripgrtc mc supirnceci. Fhuamkir grrcvh gaah stgjcaclikth ck uk lhlikth miacegth miac egth phcedã irg lhrth lhrth ca prieimikti prieimikti mcritthri, mcritthri, ca vieedch vieedch Mhufd, im irg gppikg shprgffcukt shprgffcukth h ca kuhvh mcritthri, uk fchvgki i gljczchsh mc khli Piiai. Ag vieedcg mcrizchki mc Mhufd sc cspcrgvg gm uk lhmiaah mc ckmuafikzg2 egph thaairgkti i jhkgrch, gtlhsnirg nglcacgri i segrscssclg jurhergzcg cktirkg. Murgkti qstg fistchki khk e–irgkh lgc stgtc aceikzcgliktc pir segrsh rikmclikth? a–hrgrch irg rcspittgth ehk gpprhssclgzchki, ai lgkschkc  phtivgkh issiri egljcgti su mhlgkmg mifac cktirissgtc. Wugkmh qugaeukh irg ehkvgaiseikti vcfivg a–gjctumcki mc mcrhttgrah virsh ag stgkzg ispircliktc, mhvi ck rigatà khk ngeivg kuaag lg ncfurgvg g agvhrh. Iscstivg gkedi ag siehkmg edgkei, hsscg ck egsh mc frgvc cknrgzchkc edi privimivgkh ca aceikzcglikth ck trhkeh sc ehkeimivg jhkgrcglikti ca pirmhkh gaag prclg cknrgzchki.

 K i aa g   l ck c ir  g   a – ss i k t i c s l h ir  g l h at h   i ai v g th , e l ck g t h rc ag v h r  g v gk h   g a g e r  il ik ti   q u gk m h i rg k h   c k hk   u k   s  pi e ci   m c r c e h k h se cl i k t h   c k nh rl g ai 2   c l ck c i rg , l g   m h  p h   5 ,   =   f ch rk c s c  p r  i k m iv gk h   u k fchrkh mc rcphsh rcphsh.. Ai gs gssuk sukzch zchkc kc gvvikc gvvikcvgk vgkh h ck jgsi jgsi gaag gaag si sifkg fkgagz agzchk chkii mc hpirgc hpirgc fcà mcpikm mcpikmikt iktcc edi sc rgeehlgkmgvgkh rgeehlgkmgvg kh pir a–gssukzchki mc ahrh pgriktc h glcec. Ag ehksifuikzg mc qsth lhmiaah mc ckmuafikzg irg ukg prhmuttcvctà lhath segmikti. Wugkmh lhrá Mhufd ag mcrizchki eiktrgai ehasi a–heegschki pir gvvcgri ukg rgmcegai trgsnhrlgzchki mic lithmc mc fistchki. =2  Fac  gs  pittc  ckgttisc  mi  iaag  jurrh h herg  gtczzgzchki  

Piiai sc trhvú mc nrhkti gm ukg riscstikzg mcnnusg scg trg fac hpirgc edi trg c egpc cktirlimc. Ag lhrti mia vieedch egph ehktrcjucvg g lctczzgr ca pgssgth i gm gacliktgri a–hstcactà virsh ca kuhvh mcritthri. Fhuamkir vcmi edi Piiai, pir phtir vikcri vikcri g egph miaag sctugzchki, mhvivg seifaci seifaciri ri nrg : strgmi2  puktgri  puktg ri su ukg aigmir aigmirsdcp sdcp egrcslg egrcslgtceg tceg  i erigri uk frupp frupph h mc sifugec sifugec ehk c qugac milhacri  prhfrisscv prhfrisscvglik glikti ti ca egrcsl egrcslgg mia vieedc vieedch h egph. egph. Kic ngttc ngttc khk khk irg ukg vcg vcg prgtcegjca prgtcegjcaii ck qugkth qugkth Piiai, issikmh pgrgegmutgth ck jgsi gm uk prhvvimclikth jurhergtceh miaag mcrizchki eiktrgai, sc trhvgvg ck ukg ehkmczchki ck euc, gkedi si gvissi gvuth egrcslg, khk gvrijji phtuth gvvgairsiki. I phc ehljgttiri uk egrcslg ehk uk gatrh egrcslg sgrijji stgtg ukg ehktrgmmczchki cksgkgjcai ehk ca ehlpcth gnncmgthfac gnncmgthfac mgaag mcrizchki eiktrgai edi irg quiaah mc rcphrtgri a–inncecikzg. Gvvgairsc miaai qugactà nhrlgac mia suh ruhah2 snruttgri ga lgssclh fac iailiktc jurhergtcec miaag sug phsczchki, ngrsc seumh miaag vhahktà miaag mcrizchki eiktrgai, spcifgri edi ca suh lhmh mc gfcri khk mcpikmivg mgaag sug vhahktà pirshkgai, lg mg mcrittcvi istirki i vckeiri ehsá pheh g pheh ai riscstikzi cktirki ck jgsi gm uk heuagth ush mic phtirc mc prilch i mc sgkzchki miaifgtifac mgaag mcrizchki eiktrgai. Uc trgttgvg mc seifaciri ca lhmiaah wijircgkh. •

•

Piiai egpá edi a–ukceh lhmh pir vikcri Piiai vikcri g egph miaag sctugzchki sctugzchki irg quiaah quiaah mc erigrsc gtthrkh miaai shacmg sha cmgrci rcità, tà, hsscg hsscg mc ngvhrc ngvhrcri ri ag nhrlg nhrlgzch zchki ki mc uk frupph frupph mc suh suhcc gaa gaaigt igtcc egpgec egpgec mc ehktrh ehktrhaag aagri ri a–isieuzchki mic suhc hrmckc i mc cknhrlgrah mc qugkth gvvikcvg ck ngjjrceg. Gaahrg gatirú c erctirc mc

 

   p r  h l h z h k i   c k h   g m a ah g   s i f u c t c    p r  hl h s s i   g a g s  p i tt g tcv i   m cn n  u si c k ng j  jr ce g   k h k   g vi v g k  g k e h r   c   r  g k f h   m c e g  p h   ga e u k c h  p i r  g c e d i   c k   j g si   g aa i r  i q u cs c tc  m c   k z c gk c tà .  E r  iú   e h s á u k  p r  cl h  k u e ai h

 

mc suhc pgrtcfcgkc, phc aceikzch gaeukc egpc cktirlimc edi fac irgkh hstcac, ki trgsnirá gatrc i ki  prhlhssi gatrc gkehrg. Gaag ncki ag strutturg mic sifugec mc Mhufd irg sngamgtg. Wsth prheis prheissh sh mc jurhergt jurhergtczzg czzgzchki zchki gvvikk gvvikkii ck lhmh ehktrgst ehktrgstgkti gkti ehk c erctirc erctirc tcpceh-cm tcpceh-cmigac igac mc Vijir.. Ca kuhvh Vijir kuhvh lhmiaah lhmiaah khk sc gnnirlú gnnirlú ck uk prhei prheissh ssh kiutrgai, kiutrgai, gsittceh, gsittceh, clpirshkg clpirshkgai, ai, siehkmh  prheimuri ukcvirsgacstcedi i primitirlckgti. Issh nu ga ehktrgrch ca rcsuatgth mc ukg aukfg i geegkctg ahttgg mc phtiri ahtt phtiri ck euc ukg ehgaczchk ehgaczchkii cknhrlgai cknhrlgai irg ehktrgpphst ehktrgpphstgg gm uk–gatrg uk–gatrg ehgaczchki ehgaczchki cknhrlgai cknhrlgai i mhvi mhvi ai ai grlc grlc irgk irgkh h ehstc ehstctu tuct ctii mg mirh mirhfd fdii i mg sehs sehstg tgli likt ktcc mga lhm lhmia iaah ah nhrl nhrlga gaii g eu eucc a–hrfgkczzgzc a–hrfgkcz zgzchki hki gvrijji gvrijji mhvuth mhvuth gttikirsc gttikirsc.. Fhuamkir Fhuamkir shtthackig shtthackig edi Vijir khk gvivg gvivg tikuth tikuth ck ehkscmirgzchki ca ngtth edi c shff edi agvhrgkh ck uk–hrfgkczzgzchki shkh strgtcncegtc ck vgrci nhrli, sceedä khk tuttc isirectgkh ukg ifugai cknauikzg suaai miecschkc mg euc ck lhmh + h ― mcritth mircvg ag  jurhergtczzgzchki. Jcshfkg tikiri prisikti edi ca ehlphrtglikth jurhergtceh mcpikmi mgaa–ckczcgtcvg mia mcritthri. Wsth scfkcnceg edi ag rigaczzgzchki mc uk prheissh mc jurhergtczzgzchki khk hjjimcsei lgc shatgkth gaag nckgactà clpirshkgai mc guliktgri ca pirsifuclikth rgzchkgai mifac sehpc, lg ä silpri ncatrgtg i ehkmczchkgtg mgaag sctugzchki-prhjailg ck euc sc trhvg ca frupph mcrcfikti. Fhuamkir erctceg Vijir2 minckcri ag jurhergzcg ehli ag nhrlg tcpceg mc aifcttclgzchki rgzchkgai mia  phtiri khk scfkcnceg edi edi issg scg ukh strulikth strulikth supir pgrtis ga sirvczch mc uk–guthrctà clpirshkgai? ga ehktrgrch issg ä silpri ah strulikth mc edc mitciki innittcvglikti ca phtiri i pirtgkth ki rcnaitti kia prheissh mc gttugzchki gttugzchki ai priheeupgzchkc, fac cktirissc i fac cktikmcliktc.

 h h 92  C  aclctc  mi  i iaag  jur h  herg

g gtczzgzchki2ag  sctugzchki  kiaag  lckcirg  g

Priecsi czzgri rgfchkc tiekcedi i shecgac clpimcvgkh ag rgzchkgaczzgzchki tiktgtg mg Piiai pir  ag lckcirg.   jurhergt Uijjiki lckgthrc im hpirgc mc supirnceci gppgrtikissirh gaag stissg gzcikmg, ukg sirci mc mcsphsczchkc cktirki clpimcvg mc ngtth ca pgssgffch mgaa–ukh gaa–gatrh frupph piredã khk vikcvg rcehkhsecutg a–gkzcgkctà geeuluagtg kia agvhrh prieimikti. Lckgthrc i hpirgc mc supirnceci nhrlgvgkh : fruppc shecgac lhath mcnnirikzcgtc, ehk riecprhec lhtcvc mc shspitth i mc erctceg. C lckgthrc irgkh uk frupph istrilglikti ehlpgtth i ehk nhrti shacmgrcità cktirkg. Gvivgkh uk ckscili mc rctugacslc ehlpacegtc i priecsc pir qugkth rcfugrmgvg mcrcttc i mhvirc riecprhec.mcnncmgvgkh mia prhfrissh tiekhahfceh i gvivgkh uk rcspitth qugsc lcstceh pir c puktiaagthrc. A–cktrhmuzchki mc kuhvi tiekcedi mc puktiaagturg irg fcà stgtg stgtg hstiffcg hstiffcgtg tg piredã piredã c lckgthrc lckgthrc khk sc ncmgvgkh i nhrsi nhrsi piredã piredã gvvirtcvg gvvirtcvgkh kh edi gvrijji gvrijji sehlpcfacgth quiaag miacegtg i ehlpaissg hrfgkczzgzchki cknhrlgai edi issc gvivgkh ehstctucth g mcnisg khk shah ehktrh c pircehac miaag lckcirg lckcirg lg ehktrh ai cktirnirikzi istirki. Iscstivg ukgmhvivgkh firgredcgagvhrgri nhrlgaigatrg lckgthrc lg mc khkgkedi vikcvg rcspittgtg. Wugkmh sc stgvg ck lckcirg tuttc lgssclh,prhktc gm ngtth gcutgrsc nuhrc mgaag lgkschki gssifkgtg. Piiai eireú mc usgri fac stissc lithmc edi gvivg usgth ehk fac hpirgc mc supirnceci, lg khk ijji sueeissh? ag lckcirg rclgsi rclgsi uk lhkmh edcush, sipgrgth i guthkhlh i Piiai mhvitti grrikmirsc. Fhuamkir vcmi edi ca agvhrh mc lckcirg, g mcnn mc quiaah mc supirnceci, irg svhath ck ehkmczchkc mc ehkt eh ktck ckuh uh rc rcai aivg vgkt ktii pi pirc rceh ehah ah i rc rced edci cimi mivg vg uk–g uk–gat atgg ehlp ehlpit itik ikzg zg cksc ckscil ilii gm uk nhrt nhrtii si siks ksh h mc risphksgjcactà shecgai pir ag sceurizzg prhprcg i mic ehlpgfkc.  Kiaag mcnnirikti kgturg mia agvhrh vg rceiregtg ag egusg edi phrtgvg g mcnniriktc lhmiaac mc khrli.  Kiaag lckcirg ca ehstgkti pircehah phrtgvg gaag acquingzchki mic rgpphrtc nhrlgac i miaai priserczchkc mcsecpackgrc2 ecú edi ehktgvg irg ca siksh mc risphksgjcactà  prhnisschkgai cktirchrczzgth mg tuttc c lckgthrc, ag ahrh prhnhkmg shacmgrcità edi gkkuaagvg mcnn firgredcedi i nukzchkgac.

>2  Nukzchkc  lgkcn   i i i i   sti  i n u  ukzchkc  agtiktc  mi

 l l i  i aai  khrr l 

F h u a m k i r     p g r  t i m g a  p r  h  j ai l g   m c e h l i   u k g   m cr c ht ti k i r  i   m g  a h r  h  a g  q u g k tc tà  i  a g q u g ac tà  p r  i v c st g  m c   f i k z g    p u ú e h l  j g tti ri   a – g  p g t c g m i c    p i k m i k t c   i ag v h r  h .  A g   r  cs  p  +   cl l i m c g t g  ä   q u ia a g mc  c k s tg u r  g r  i ukg

 

rcfcmg supirvcschki. Lg ecú khk ä sunn piredã rcedcimirijji uk ehktrhaah ehktckuh i khk ngrijji

 

gatrh edi milhtcvgri uatirchrlikti c mcpikmiktc edi ag vcvrijjirh ehli uk prhvvimclikth pukctcvh. Pir supirgri ca ecrehah vczchsh mia lgffchri ehktrhaah edi erig lgffchri gpgtcg ag qugai spckfi g cktikscnc ckti kscncegri egri c ehktrhaac ehktrhaac,, sc rcehrri gaai khrli. Wsti vikfhkh stgjcacti ehk ah sehph lgkcnisth mc fgrgktcri uk qugmrh mc sunncecikti eirtizzg kiaa–isieuzchki mia agvhrh sujgatirkh. Ai nukzchkc lgkcnisti miaai khrli shkh2 7. NYKRCHKC IUPACEG]C^I2 ai khrli shstct shstctucseh ucsehkh kh fac hrmckc hrmckc pirshkgac pirshkgac mcrittc? mcrittc? rikmhkh rikmhkh ispacecth ca ehlpcth mia mcpikmikti mcpikmikti i priecsgkh c suhc rgpphrtc ehk ca supirchri. :.

NYKRCHKC MC UEDIZLH2  ai khrli ivctgkh ag rcpitczchki rcpitczchki pirshkgai mc hrmckc mg pgrti mic supirchrc i ehksikthkh mc clpgrtcri mcrittcvi shttrgtti galikh ck pgrti ga rcsedch mc gppgrcri ehli ckczcgtcvi pirshkgac. 5. NYKRCHKC MC EHK]ZHAAH G MCU]GKRG 2 ai khrli ehksikthkh mc isirectgri ukg supirvcschki ga tilph stissh ckmcrittg i pujjaceg sufac gspittc eruecgac mia agvhrh sujgatirkh. Pirlitthkh mc iaclckgri c ehktrhaac pirshkgac i prcvgtc edi phsshkh gssuliri uk egrgttiri grjctrgrch. =. NYKRCHKC MC AIFC]]CLGRCHKI MIAAI PYKCRCHKC 2  ai khrli ehksikthkh mc rikmiri  privimcjcac i mc spirshkgaczzgri ai sgkzchkc cknactti gc mcpikmiktc ck egsh mc cknrgzchki. K tga lhmh ag khrlg mg uk agth aifcttclg mc prhvvimclikth mcsecpackgri gfac heedc mic mcpikmiktc i mgaa–gatrh ckegkgag a–gffrisscvctà a–gffrisscvctà mia supirchri iktrh iktrh lhmc aifcttclc mc isprisschki. Ec shkh gkedi gatri : nukzchkc pirú agtiktc2 9. NYKRCHKC MC MIZC^G2 ehkscsti kia ngtth edi a–iscstikzg mc khrli nhrlgac mà gc supirchrc ag  phsscjcactà ehktrgttgrki cknhrlgalikti ehk c mcpikmiktc a–gppacegzchki ga ncki mc httikiri ai ahrh ehhpirgzchkc. Ag thaairgkzg su gaeuki khrli - clphrtgktc puú issiri utcaczzgtg ehli >.

lizzh pir httikiri ck ehktrhpgrtctg a–hssirvgkzg riacfchsg mc gatri khrli rctikuti clphrtgktc. 2 kiaag ehkeritg ehktrgttgzchki trg ai ehktrhpgrtc gvvciki edi ai khrli vikfhkh ncssgti pir fgrgktcri gaa–hrfgkczzgzchki ca rcsuatgth lckclh thaairgjcai, ehk ag rcsirvg liktgai mg pgrti miaag mcrizchki edi ca rikmclikth innittcvh scg supirchri g tgai lckclh. Khk gppikg ä stgth stgjcacth uk acviaah lckclh, qsth ä aifcttclgth i mcviktg ag khrlg innittcvglikti sifuctg. Pir rigfcri g qstg sctugzchki puú gvvikcri edi vikfgkh ilissi kuhvi khrli, lg ag ahrh gppacegzchki khk ngrà edi rcpitiri a–iscth miaai  prieimiktc, ckstgurgkmh ehsá uk ecrehah vczchsh. Pir Fhuamkir ag shauzchki mia prhjailg puú issiri eiregtg ck ukg nhkmgzchki qugactgtcvglikti qugactgtcvglikti mcvirsg miaa–g miaa–guthrctà. uthrctà. Geeikkg gm ukg  prhspittcvg edi rcprcstckg uk–guthrctà uk–guthrctà egrcslgtceg ehli liz lizzh zh pir rcmgri lhtcvgzchki.

62  Ca  lhmi

i aah tihrrc  ceh.  ]c c phahfcg  m i  c  lhm i  aac  khrrl l l gtcvc 

Liktri ag lckcirg rgpprisiktg ukg sctugzchki rifhagtg mg uk lhmiaah khrlgtcvh jgsgth suaag ehlpitikzg, ag ngjjrceg mc supirnceci rgpprisiktg ukg sctugzchki tcpceglikti rifhagtg mg uk lhmiaah khrlgtcvh jgsgth suaag mcsecpackg. Fhuamkir ckerhecg ag mcstckzchki trg khrli hpirgktc pir ehireczchki i khrli hpirgktc pir ehksiksh ehk ag mcehthlcg trg mcrcfikzg i mcpikmiktc. Pirvciki ehsá gm ckmcvcmugri 5 nhkmgliktgac lhmiaac khrlgtcvc2 7. JYZHEZGRCG GPPGZIK]I2 sc vircnceg qugkmh scg ag mcrizchki edi c mcpikmiktc dgkkh uk gtt gttiff iffcgl cglikt ikth h mc ckmcnni ckmcnnirik rikzg zg virsh virsh ca rcspit rcspitth th mc ukg khrl khrlgg edi ä stgtg stgtg cl clph phst stgg mg uk–guthrctà istirkg ga scstilg mc ngjjrceg. Ag lgkcnistg ckmcnnirikzg miaag mcrizchki pir ca rcspitth mc quiaag khrlg svhafi : nukzchkc agtiktc2 quiaag mc rgnnhrzgri ag shacmgrcità trg ag mcrizchki im hpirgc im ukg nukzchki mc mircvg pir httikiri ukg lgffchri hssirvgkzg mc gatri khrli rctikuti + clphrtgktc. :. JYZHEZGRCG ZGPPZIUIK]G]C^G2 sc vircnceg qugkmh scg ag mcrizchki edi c mcpikmiktc ehkehrmgkh suaa–utcactà mc hssirvgri mitirlckgti khrli. Ca rcspitth miaag khrlg mg iktrglji

a i    p g r  t c t r  h v g   a g su g   r  gf c h k  m – i s s r  i  k k  k ia tclhri mc   p r h n  i s s c h k g a i i   m c e h k v i k ci k z g   r i e cp r h eg . sgkzchkc lg kia siksh mc risphksgjcactà

 

5.

JYZHEZGRCG CLPHUC]C^G2 sc vircnceg qugkmh ai khrli shkh clphsti mg ukg pgrti ehktrh ag vhahktà miaa–gatrg. Wstg ä ag sctugzchki phtikzcgalikti + ehknacttugai piredã ca rcspitth miaag khrlg puú issiri httikuth shatgkth gttrgvirsh sgkzchkc mcsecpackgrc mg pgrti miaag mcrizchki, hppuri gttrgvirsh ag lckgeecg mc gfctgzchkc kic egsc ck euc ca rcspitth miaag khrlg ä vhautg mgc mcpikmiktc.

42  Ehkeauschkc.  Lhmi

i aah  r g  zchkgai  i lhmi i iaah kgturr g g ai  

Ca lhmiaah mc Fhuamkir prisiktg 5 gspittc gspittc mc rcaivgkti khvctà rcspitth gaa–iphe gaa–iphegg ck euc ehlpgrvi2 ca prclh gspitth vg ehath sua virsgkti mia mcjgttcth ckmustrcgacstceh2 F. prisiktg uk lhmiaah edii ei ed eire regg mc ai aiff ffir irii a–ck a–cktr trie ieec ecgr grsc sc mc eh ehaa aagj gjhr hrgz gzch chki ki i gk gktg tgfh fhkc kcsl slh h ki kiaa quht quhtcm cmcg cgkh kh nukzchkglikth mc uk–hrfgkczzgzchki prhmuttcvg. Ck gaeuki sniri i lhliktc puú susscstiri ehaagjhrgzchki i ehlpacectà trg mcrizchki i hpirgc, liktri ck gatri sniri i gatrc lhliktc ai mui pgrtc sc sehktrgkh. A–cktrieech mc ehaagjhrgzchki i ehknactth ä spcifgth ehk rcnirclikth gaag lhatipacectà miaai khrli edi rifhagkh ca agvhrh hrfgkczzgth i gaag lhatipacectà miaai nukzchkc lgkcnisti i agtiktc agtiktc svhati mg tgac khrli. Ca siehkmh gspitth vg ehath sua virsgkti mia mcjgttcth suaag jurhergzcg2 F. dg prisikti edi ca  pgrgmcflg wijircgkh khk ä ck frgmh mc cktirpritgri a–cktirg nikhlikhahfcg jurhergtceg, i shprgttutth khk ä ck frgmh mc cspcrgri ag prhfittgzchki mc lhmiaac gmifugtc gaag eriseikti •

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ehlpaissctà miaai hrfgkczzgzchkc ehktilphrgkii. F. khtg ehli iscsthkh : ehkeizchkc ehktrgpphsti miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki2 miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki2 - Lhmiaah rgzchkgai 2 vimi a–hrfgkczzgzchki a–hrfgkczzgzchki ehli ukh struli strulikth kth pir rgffcukfir rgffcukfirii sehpc  priminckctc ck jgsi g erctirc mc rgzchkgactà struliktgai struliktgai i gssuli edi c lutgliktc shkh prhfrgllgtc ga ncki mc guliktgri a–inncecikzg. Wsth lhmiaah ä egrgtt mg ukg  jurhergzcg nhkmgtg suaag mcsecpackg. - Lhmiaah kgturgai2 vimi a–hrfgkczzgzchki ehli uk scstilg scstilg ehlphsth mg pgrtc hrfgkcegliktii cktirmcpikmiktc. Wsth lhmiaah rcvhafi a–gttikzchki gaai cktirgzchkc i hrfgkceglikt gaai strutturi sphktgkii. I– ehkfruikti ehk ca prckecpch mc ehlpitikzg. ]uttc i mui c lhmiaac ehafhkh gaeukc gspittc issikzcgac miaai mckglcedi hrfgkczzgtcvi, lg ca ahrh aclcti stg kia ngtth mc issiri riecprheglikti ckehlpgtcjcac. A–gkgacsc miaai hrfgkczzgzchkc sc trhvg ehsá gm gnnrhktgri ca prhjailg tihrceh mc mhvir rcehkecacgri ai mcvirfiktc clpacegzchkc mic mui lhmiaac i mc scktitczzgrai ck uk kuhvh i + phtikti lhmiaah. Fhuamkir pgrti shtthackigkmh a–cksunncecikzg a–cksunncecikzg mia lhmiaah wijircgkh i pirvciki g : mcvirsc lhmiaac •

gkgactcec jgsgtc rcspittcvglikti rcspittcvglikti sua prckecpch mc mcsecpackg i sua prckecpch mc ehlpitikzg. Phc rcmuei c mui lhmiaac g mui + glpci ehkeizchkc hrfgkczzgtcvi trg mc ahrh ehlpgtcjcac, quiaag rgzchkgai i quiaag kgturgai. Wuckmc shtthackig ag kieissctà mc ukg ahrh rcehkecacgzchki ck uk kuhvh lhmiaah ukcncegkti.

 

EGP. =2 PDCACP UIARKCO2 AHFCEDI HZFGKCRRG]C^I I AIGMIZUDCP 72  A–ckn a a uikzg  mc c Lcedias  i  ai  mc c n n  n n  i i ri ikzi  mg g Lir t   t thk  

UIARCKO  ä  ä uk nukzchkgacstg erctceh, lg heeupg ukg phsczchki mcstcktg mg Pgrshki i Lirthk. I– + vceckh g Pgrshk qugkmh gnnirlg edi hfkc hrfgkczzgzchki pir shprgvvcviri mivi shmmcsngri gaeukc  jcshfkc nhkmgliktgac? im ä + vceckh g Lirthk qugkmh gnnirlg gnnirlg edi ca ehlpcth miaag shechahfcg ä quiaah mc stumcgri ai ehksifuikzi ehksifuikzi ckgttisi edi sc fikirgkh kia shmmcsngec shmmcsngeclikth likth mc quic jcshfkc. Lg Uiazcko ä ca + pissclcstg piredã ä stgtc cknauikzgth mg LCEDIAU, guthri miaag aiffi mc nirrh miaa–hacfgredcg.. Wsth gvivg stumcgth c lieegkcslc mifikirgtcvc mia scstilg mc miaifg i miaa–hacfgredcg rgpprisi rgpp risiktgkz ktgkzgg kia pgrtcth pgrtcth shecgamil shecgamilhergt hergtceh ceh timiseh, timiseh, mcritth mcritth mg uk–hacfgr uk–hacfgredcg edcg jurhergtc jurhergtczzgtg zzgtg edi mitikivg ca lhkhphach mia phtiri i miaai ehkhseikzi. ^c nu ukg prhfrisscvg nhrlgzchki mc ukg eagssi mc nukzchkgrc mc prhnisschki spiecgaczzgtc kiaag fistchki mia pgrtcth. Ecú gvivg ngtth sá edi a–gzchki phactceg mc qstg eagssi sc cspcrgssi + gaag tutiag miaa–gppgrgth jurhergtceh edi issg fistcvg edi khk gaag mcnisg mic frgkmc cmigac pir euc a–hrfgkczzgzchki irg kgtg. Ag eagssi mic mcrcfiktc sc irg ehkshacmgtg ck ukg äacti sikzg rcegljch, mhvi ca rcedcglh gfac hrcfckgrc vgahrc mc milhergzcg i mc  pgrtiecpgzchki sc rcmueivg silpri + gm uk rctugai mc ngeecgtg. Iscsthkh mic lieegkcslc clpirshkgac ckiriktc ckir iktc ga nukzchkg nukzchkglikt likth h miaa–hrfgk miaa–hrfgkczzg czzgzchk zchkii edi clphkfhkh clphkfhkh seiati seiati hrciktgti hrciktgti gaag tutiag tutiag miaah miaah strulikth pcutthsth edi ga pirsifuclikth mifac sehpc pir euc ah strulikth ä stgth cstctucth. UIARKCO   rieipcsei ca sls pissclcstceh mc Lcedias i ng ehli tilg eiktrgai miaag sug hpirg, a–isgli mic prheissc mifikirgtcvc prhvhegtc mgaag tcrgkkcg mia lizzh suc nckc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki, gvvceckgkmhsc miaai inukzchkc Ec shkh gaeukigaa–gkgacsc shstgkzcgaclirthkcgkg mcnn trg Lirthk Uiazkco2agtiktc miaag jurhergzcg. 7. Lirthk  gkgaczzg gkgaczzg ag jurhergz jurhergzcg cg miaag pujjaceg gllckcstr gllckcstrgzch gzchki ki g euc spittgkh spittgkh ehlpctc hrmckgrc ga sirvczch miaag ehlukctà. Uiazkco  gaagrfg  gaagrfg a–gkgacsc g tutti ai hrfgkczz edi dgkkh uk gppgrgth jurhergtceh. :. Lirthk  khk pgrag mc jcshfkc nhkmgliktgac nhkmgliktgac miaa–hrfgkczz miaa–hrfgkczz i rctciki edi ai ehksifuikzi ehksifuikzi ckgttisi shkh shah ukg phsscjcactà. Uiazkco  shstciki  shstciki edi ca prhfrisscvh sehstglikth mgc nckc hrcfckgrc prhvhegth mgaag tcrgkkcg mic lizzc scg ukg tikmikzg ukcvirsgai i shah ck pgrti ehktrgstgjcai. 5. Lirthk  eireg a–hrcfcki mia prheissh prheissh mifikirg mifikirgtcvh tcvh kiaai ahfcedi rctugacstcedi rctugacstcedi cktirki gaag  jurhergzcg. Uiazkco  ai  ai eireg kic ehlprhlissc edi a–hrfgkczzgzchki mivi geeittgri ehk nhrzi tgkfikzcgac edi cktirnircsehkh kiaag sug ackig m–gzchki. Ifac dg a–hjcittcvh mc mclhstrgri edi a–hrcfcki mia prheissh mifikirgtcvh vg trhvgtg kic ehstc mc gmgttglikth ga ehktisth istirkh edi a–hrfgkczz pgfg pir fgrgktcri ag prhprcg shprgvvcvikzg. Wuckmc pir Uiazkco  ca   ca ehktisth istirk ist irkh h ä a–c a–cksc kscil ilii mic eiktrc eiktrc mc phtiri phtiri edi hpirgkh hpirgkh pir ehkmcz ehkmczchk chkgri gri str strgti gtifci fci i nc nckc kc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki.  Kifac svcauppc sueeisscvc Uiazkco mcviktg likh pissclcstg i a–hrfgkczzgzchki fac gppgri ehli uk shff egpgei mc pirsifucri gttcvglikti mic nckc, mc lhmcncegri c rgpphrtc mc nhrzg kia ehktisth, mc gnnirlgri mic vgahrc. Ecú gvvciki frgzci gaa–isireczch miaag aigmirsdcp, ag qugai sc mcstckfui mgaag mcrcfikzg tiekceg piredã vg hatri c purc jcshfkc hrfgkczzgtcvc mc shprgvvcvikzg. :2  Cmi

i hahfcg  i  pr g g ssc  kiaag  ]vg  

Uiazkco  ehkmuei  ehkmuei ag sug rceireg suc sueeissc i aclctc miaa–gzchki ehlpcutg kifac gkkc73=:-= gkkc73=:-=5 5 mgaag ]ikkissii ^gaaiy Gutdhrcty (]vg), a–ikti vhauth mg Zhhsviat pir rigaczzgri uk clphkikti  prhfrgllg mc hpiri pujjacedi kiaag vgaagtg i pir lcfachrgri ai ehkmczchkc mc vctg miaai phphagzchkc vcviktc ck quia tirrcthrch. Zhhsviat vhaai edi ag ]vg kgseissi ckvistctg mc phtirc pujjacec lg

 p r  h v v c s t g   m i aa g   n  ai s sc  j c ac tà i  m i aa – ck c z cg tc v g   m c   u k H a tr  i   g a a g e h s t r  u z ch k i   m c m cf d i   i   m c e i k t r g a c   – c l  p r i s g   p r  cv t g .  i a it tr  c e d i ,   g aag   ] vg nu gnncmgtg ag prhmuzchki i ag mcstrcjuzchki g jgssc prizzc mc

 

nirtcaczzgktc edclcec, a–gsscstikzg tiekceg im iehkhlceg gfac gfrcehathrc

 

miaag zhkg, ag prhlhzchki mc seuhai prhnisschkgac i mc eiktrc mc vctg shecgai. Ck qstc eglpc ag ]vg mhvivg mhv ivg ehlphr ehlphrtg tgrsc rsc ehk ag acjirt acjirtàà mc ckczcg ckczcgtcv tcvgg mc uk–cl uk–clpri prisg sg prcvgt prcvgtgg lg sikzg sikzg gssuli gssuliri ri ag lgssclczzgzchki mic prhncttc ehli erctirch miaag sug gzchki. Ag ]vg vikki acjirgtg mg ukg sirci mc ehktrhaac gllckcstrgtcvc i nimirgac edi gvrijjirh vckehagth i gppisgktcth ag sug gzchki? ai vikki ehkeissh ukh stgkzcglikth stgkzcglikth gkkuh i ag phsscjcactà mc rcutcaczzgri pir ag prhprcg fistchki hrmckgrcg hrmckgrcg fac utcac rcegvgtc mgaag vikmctg miaa–ikirfcg miaa–ikirfcg iaittrceg i mic prhmhttc edclcec. Ag ]vg rgpprisiktgvg uk–ckczcgtcvg thtgalikti kuhvg kia pgkhrglg phactceh i aifcsagtcvh glircegkh?  privgaivg kifac Ysg a–hrciktglikth pchkcircstceh miaa–guthkhlcg ahegai i mia lgssclh ehktikclikth mifac cktirviktc nimirgac kiaai quistchkc cktirki mifac stgtc. Uc hjcittgvg edi ca kuhvh hrfgkcslh, ukikmh ck sã ca phtiri miaa–ikti mc stgth i c vgktgffc miaa–clprisg prcvgtg, ehstctucvg uk egsh mc ehkehrrikzg saigai kia scstilg mc acjirg clprisg im uk pircehah pir ag trgmczchki mc milhergzcg ahegai. Wuckmc ag mcrcfikzg iaag ]vg sc trhvú kiaag kieissctà mc svcauppgri ukg phactceg egpgei mc supirgri ai hpphsczchkc priehkeitti i mc ehkqucstgri ag ncmuecg mifac iktc ahegac kia ]ikkissii. Ag ]vg miecsi mc pirsifucri ukg phactceg jgsgtg su : egpcsgamc2 Mgri ukg frgkmi guthkhlcg miecschkgai gc suhc vgrc mcpgrtcliktc mieiktrgaczzgkmhki ai strutturi sua tirrcthrch? Uvcauppgri uk ritcehah mc riagzchkc ehk fac hrfgkcslc ahegac, ehli ukcvirsctà, rgpprisiktgkzi mc cktirissc ehstctuctc, gsshecgzchkc vhahktgrci. Ah sehph irg mc mgri gc nukzchkgrc miaag ]vg mic egkgac egkgac inncegec mc ehktgtth ehk ag ehlukctà cktirissgtg i ga ehktilph mc ehckvhafiri fac hrfgkcslc ahegac kia prhfrgllg mc rcgssitth rifchkgai. •

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Ga mc aà miaa–cmihahfcg mc ehpirturg, ag ]vg mhvivg seifaciri ehk edc sedcirgrsc, mga lhlikth edi ag shecità ahegai Ck khk irg hlhfikig irg i ckmcnnirikzcgtg, ckmc nnirikzcgtg, lg sc gvgktc grtcehagvg grtcehagvg ck cktirissc paurclc paur clc imc tutiag mifac ehktrgpphstc. pgrtcehagri mhvivg seifaciri si phrtgri uk prhfrgllg rgmcegai strgtc + mijhac im ilgrfckgtc miaag phphagzchki ahegai h si gmhttgri uk prhfrgllg + eguth i ehksirvgthri, tgai mg khk prhvhegri a–hstcactà mic lgffchrc iktc ahegac. Lg sceehli qstc uatclc irgkh + rgpprisiktgtc mic prclc kiaai vgrci gsshecgzchkc ahegac, ki ehksifucvg edi a–cktikzchki miaag ]vg scfkcncegvg mc ngtth ngvhrcri c eitc prcvcaifcgtc. 52  Ehh ptgzchki  n h hr l  l l  lgai  i  ehh ptgzchki  ckn h h hr l   l l gai  

Pir rigaczzgri ag phactceg mc ehckvhafclikth miaai nhrzi ahegac kic prhfrgllc mc cktirvikth, ag ]vg utcacz utc aczzú zú a–c a–cstc stctut tuth h miaag miaag ehhptg ehhptgzch zchki. ki. Ag ehhptgzchki ä ca prheis prheissh sh mc gsshrj gsshrjcli clikth kth mc kuhvc kuhvc iailiktc kiaag mcrizchki h kiaag strutturg edi mitirlckgkh ag phactceg p hactceg miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki, miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki, ehli lizzh  pir   privikcri lckgeei gaag sug stgjcactà h gaag sug iscstikzg. Uc dg ag ehhptg ehhptgzchki zchki nhrlga nhrlgaii qugk qugkmh mh uk–hrfgkcz uk–hrfgkczzgzc zgzchki hki gsshrji gsshrji unncecgal unncecgalikti ikti mic kuhvc iailiktc gttrgvirsh a–gaagrfglikth mifac hrfgkc mcrittcvc, ag erigzchki mc kuhvc ruhac, iee. Ecú sc rikmi kieissgrch qugkmh2 Ca egrgttiri aifcttclh mc uk ikti vciki lissh ck mujjch mg ukg ehlphkikti rcaivgkti miaag  phphagzchki cktirissgtg? Ca jcshfkh mc prhluhviri ag pgrtiecpgzchki ä issikzcgalikti gllckcstrgtcvh, hvvirh qugkmh a–iscfikz a–is cfikzgg mc grtcehag grtcehagri ri ai gttcvctà gttcvctà mc uk–hrfgkczzg uk–hrfgkczzgzchki zchki suffircse suffircseii a–hpphrtuk a–hpphrtukctà ctà mc gaeuki gaeuki nhrli mc guthfhvirkh. Wuckmc ag ehhptgzchki nhrlgai ä ag rcsp edi a–hrfgkczzgzchki nhrkcsei gm ukg sctugzchki mc mcnncehatà miti mitirl rlck ckgt gtgg mgaa mgaagg eg egri rikz kzgg mc eh ehks ksik iksh sh mg pg pgrt rtii mi miaa aagg jg jgsi si.. A–hj A–hjci citt ttcv cvh h pi pirs rsif ifuc ucth th mgaa–hrfgkczzgzchki khk ä quiaah mc gaagrfgri ag jgsi miecschkgai, lg pcutthsth quiaah mc gaagrfgri ag  jgsi shecgai mia ehksiksh gaai miecschkc mg prikmiri. •

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nrhktiffcgri ag lckgeecg isire isirectgtg ctgtg mg spiecedi nhrzi istirki. Mc nrhkti gaag prhspivg mc ukg ahg n ai qugkmh ca prhjailg ä quiaah mc nrhktiffcgri

sncmgtg puú fcukfiri gaag miecschki edi scg miaai + vgktgffchsh vikcri pgttc. Ecú puúmiecschkgac? gvvikcri ck : lhmc2 Cksirikmh mc ngtth gaeukc isphkiktc nhrzi sncmgktc kicg prhprc hrfgkc •

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Zieipikmh cstgkzi gvgkzgti gvgkzgti mg quiaai nhrzi istirki.

 

Ck tga lhmh vciki sgavgfugrmgtg ag shprgvvcvikzg miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki, miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki, ga ehsth mc lhmcncegrki ca  prhfrgllg hrcfckgrch. Uiazkco Uiaz kco ehkscmirg ehkscmirg a–cmihahfcg a–cmihahfcg ehli uk nhkmglikt nhkmgliktgai gai strulikt strulikth h ck lgkh gaa–hrfgkczzg gaa–hrfgkczzgzchk zchkii pir  aifcttclgri ag prhprcg gzchki. Lg liktri ag ehhptgzchki nhrlgai trhvg ukg ngecai aifcttclgzchki ck  jgsi jgsi gm iai iailik liktc tc fcà rck rckvik vikcjc cjcac ac kiaa–c kiaa–cmih mihahf ahfcg cg miaa–h miaa–hrfg rfgkcz kczzgz zgzchk chki, i, ag ehhptg ehhptgzch zchki ki cknhrl cknhrlgai gai ehktrgmmcei qugsc silpri c vgahrc i fac hrciktgliktc cmihahfcec mcedcgrgtc. Mc ehksifuikzg qugkth + rcaivgktc shkh c prheissc mc ehhptgzchki cknhrlgai, tgkth + prhnhkmh mcviktg ca shaeh trg ag prgssc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki miaa–hrfgkczzg zchki i ca suh nhrluagrch cmihahfceh. =2  Fac  cl pirr g g

tcvc  n u

u

kzchkgac  mc

 g  g c gm g

ttglikth  i  ehksirv v gzchki Ca rgfchkglikt rgfchkglikth h mc Uiazkco2 7. mgaa–gkgacsc miaag ]vg sc puú trgrri a–cphtisc mc agvhrh

edi tutti ai hrfgkczzgzchkc nhrlgac shkh  pagslgti mg nhrzi tgkfikzcgac. Wsti shkh mc mupacei hrcfcki2 cktirkg gaa–hrfgkczzgzchki gaa–hrfgkczzgzchki ck qugkth prhvikfhkh mgc shff edi vc agvhrgkh i edi riscsthkh gaa–issiri gaa–issiri usgtc ehli silpacec lizzc? istirkg ck qugkth svcauppgti mg iktc i shff miaa–gljcikti ecrehstgkti. :. a–gkgacsc miaai hrfgkczzgzchkc mivi pgrtcri mga prisupphsth edi a–hrfgkczzgzchki pir shprgvvcviri mivi shmmcsngri shmmcsngri gaeukc jcshfkc nhkmgliktgac nhkmgliktgac i Uiazkco ki ckmcvcmug 92 •

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ag sceurizzg mic ehknckc miaa–hrfgkczz kic ehknrhktc miaai nhrzi hpirgktc gaa–istirkh? ag stgjcactà miaai ackii mc guthrctà i mc ehlukcegzchki? ehlukcegzchki? ag stgjcactà miaai riagzchkc cknhrlgac cknhrlgac cktirki? ag ehktckuctà miaag phactceg i miaai nhktc nhktc edi ag minckcsehkh? a–hlhfikictà miaa–cllgfcki miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki ehk rcnirclikth ga scfkcncegth i ga ruhah miaag sug gzchki. 5. a–gmg a–gmgttgli ttglikth kth miaa–hrfgkczz miaa–hrfgkczzgzchk gzchkii vg quckmc quckmc isglckgt isglckgth h ck rgpphrth rgpphrth ga frgmh frgmh i ga lhmh lhmh ck euc vikfhk vik fhkh h shmmcs shmmcsngt ngttc tc c jcshfkc jcshfkc summi summittc ttc.. Mg uk agth fac clpir clpirgtc gtcvc vc mc shprg shprgvvc vvcvik vikzg zg clphkfhkh gaa–hrfgkczzgzchki uk ehktckuh prheissh mc gmgttglikth gaai nhrzi tgkfikzcgac, mgaa–gatrh agth tgai gmgttglikth khk puú issiri caaclctgth i ckmcserclckgth, lg mivi gvvikcri iktrh c vckehac phstc m quifac stissc clpirgtcvc. =. ukg nhkti tcpceg mc tikschki sc trhvg kiaag riegaectrgkzg mic lizzc mc gzchki2 a–hrfgkczzgzchki vg vcstg ehli strulikth ckmcspiksgjcai pir rgffcukfiri uk hjcittcvh i ga ehkt ehktil ilph ph ehl ehlii stru struli likt kth h clpi clpirn rnit itth th edi edi min minhr hrlg lg a–h a–hjc jcit ittc tcvh vh eu eucc ti tikm kmi. i. Hfkc Hfkc hrfgkczzgzchki vciki erigtg pir rgffcukfiri mitirlckgtc nckc, rigaczzgri uk prhfrgllg, lg khk gppikg issg ehlckecg gm hpirgri, ag sug gzchki ckehktrg prhjailc, vckehac,  pgttiffcgliktc phstc phstc mgaag kieissctà mc ngri c ehktc ehk ag rigatà rigatà ck euc sc hpirg. 9. Yk Yk–g –gkg kgac acsc sc stru strutt ttur urga ga-n -nuk ukzc zchk hkga gaii mi mivi vi gv gvir irii ehli ehli hffi hffitt tth h ai eh ehks ksif ifui uikz kzii ckgt ckgtti tisi si ed edii segturcsehkh mgaa–gzchki hrfgkczzgtcvg. I– ah stumch mc qsti ehksifuikzi ecú edi minckcsei ca eglph spiecnceh mia sgpiri shechahfceh rcspitth gm gatri mcsecpacki miaai secikzi ulgki. >. a–gkg a–gkgacsc acsc nukzchkga nukzchkgaii miaai miaai ehksif ehksifuik uikzi zi ckgtt ckgttisi isi mivi mivi pgrtcri pgrtcri mgaa–hssi mgaa–hssirvgzc rvgzchki hki miaa–clpi miaa–clpifkh fkh ehkerith edi a–hrfgkczzgzchki a–hrfgkczzgzchki phki kia rgffcukfclikth mc ukh sehph. •

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92  A–geeusg  m c  ‑  pgths  litgn c  csceh“  i  ag  m c stckzchki  tr g g  g g hrf  fgkczzgzchki i  cstctuzchki 

 geeusú Uiazkco mc ‑ pgths litgncsceh“, ehk qstg isprisschki ifac cktikmi ca ngtth FHYAMKIZ  geeusú edi ca spissh a–gmischki gm ukg tihrcg khk gvvciki pir ai rgfchkc rgzchkgac gmmhtti kia mcsehrsh, lg pir  ngseckh isirectgth isirec tgth mgaa–gahki mgaa–ga hkiaiffi mic siktcliktc siktcli ecrehkmg ecrehkmgssuliri g quiaag tihrcg. tih gkedi gke di camiaa–hacfgredcg egsh mc Uiazkco kic ehknrhktc miaag mc nirrhktcmcedi Lcedias2 edircg. ag Wsth aiffiämc nirrh ä silpri mistckgtg g privgairi, shstciki Fhuamkir, kgsei mga pgths mia pissclcslh i khk mg uk–gkgacsc

 

rcfhrhsg. Wstg aiffi phstuag edi fac issirc ulgkc khk phtrgkkh lgc lcfachrgri ca acviaah miaag ahrh gttcvctà phactceg. Uueeis Uue eisscv scvgli glikti kti Uiazck Uiazcko o gtt gttiku ikugg ca suh pisscl pissclcsl cslh h gtt gttrgv rgvirs irsh h ukg rcn rcnais aissch schki ki suaai suaai nukzc nukzchkc hkc isirectgt isir ectgtii mgc aigmir aigmir kiaag mitirlckgzch mitirlckgzchki ki mifac mifac sehpc miaa–hrfgkcz miaa–hrfgkczzgzc zgzchki hki i kiaag kiaag erigzchki erigzchki mia ehksiksh miaag jgsi, ckmcspiksgjcai pir rgffcukfiri quifac sehpc. Uiazcko rcprikmi ca tilg miaag kgturg gljcvgaikti miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki2 miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki2 mg uk agth hffitth ehkmczchkgth mg nhrzi i vckehac strutturgac? mgaa–gatrh shffitth edi cktirvciki gttcvglikti gttcvglikti suaag rigatà. Wstg gljcvgaikzg vciki rcnhrluagtg kiaag mcstckzchki trg : acviaac mc gkgacsc2 7° acviaah2 hrfgkczzgzchki2 sc rcnircsei r cnircsei gm ukh strulikth ehksulgjcai, rgzchkgai, ehkeipcth pir svhafiri uk agvhrh? :° acviaah2 cstctuzchki2 sc gvvceckg mc + gm uk prhmhtth kgturgai miaai iscfikzi i miaai prisschkc shecgac. I– uk hrfgkcslh rigttcvh i gmgttcvh. Ai cstctuzchkc sc mcstckfuhkh mgaai hrfgkczzgzchkc pir ca ngtth mc ckehrphrgri mic vgahrc, hsscg pir ca ngtth mc gviri uk–cmiktctà mcstcktcvg edi khk ac ng issiri gkhkclc struliktc tiekcec. I– g acviaah mc cstctuzchki edi sc vircnceg ag vhahktà phactceg mifac uhlckc mc lhjcactgrsc pir minckcri mifac sehpc i rgffcu rgf fcukfi kfirac rac.. Gspit Gspittc tc mc hrfgkc hrfgkczzg zzgzch zchki ki i mc cst cstctu ctuzch zchki ki phsshk phsshkh h ehi ehiscs scstir tirii kia limisc limisclh lh ikti ikti ehkerith, lg e–ä gkedi ag phsscjcactà edi iscstg shah a–hrfgkczzgzchki sikzg a–cstctuzchki2 ecú gvvciki qugkmh ag prclg ä ukg silpacei strutturg gmgttcvg, prcvg mc sehpc, mc prhfrgllc i mc vgahrc prhprc, mhecai gaai rcedcisti i gaai prisschkc istirki. •

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G acviaah mc hrfgkczzgzchki privgai ag ahfceg miaa–inncecikzg gllckcstrgtcvg, lg qstg dg uk mhlckch aclctgthmiaa–inncecikzg gc acviaac miaai mivi gttcvctà sujhrmckgti. edi sc ahfceg. sgai virsh virtceikhk miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki miaa–hrfgkczzg zchki ag ahfceg agsecgri ca phsth^cg gmvcg uk–gatrg Ga ca virtcei ä sunncecikti mcrcfiri tiekceglikti jiki, heehrri edi ca mcrcfikti scg egpgei mc gnnirlgrsc ehli aigmir2 hsscg mc rigaczzgri ca pgssgffch mg hrfgkczzgzchki g cstctuzchki.

 c c >2  Nukzchkc  i  r c  csedc  mi

i aag  aigmi i irs s sdc c p  

Ai miecsc miecschkc hkc erc erctce tcedi di gppgrt gppgrtikf ikfhkh hkh gaa–gl gaa–gljct jcth h miaag miaag aigmir aigmirsdc sdcp p i shkh shkh qui quiaai aai edi eh ehksi ksikth kthkh kh gaa–hrfgkczzgzchki mc phrsc ehli cstctuzchki. Ag aigmirsdcp ä uk–gttcvctà issikzcgalikti erigtcvg edi sc spiecnceg ck = nukzchkc nhkmgliktgac2 7. MINC MINCKCRCH KCRCHKI KI MIAAG MIAAG LCUUCHKI LCUUCHKI I MIA ZYHAH CU]C]YRCHK CU]C]YRCHKGAI2 GAI2 mgri ukh sehp sehph h gaa–hrfgkczzgzchki ä uk–ispircikzg erctceg edi ckmceg ukg prhspittcvg mc gzchki ck rgpphrth gaag qugai tutti ai gttcvctà mc rhutcki mivhkh issiri issiri sujhrmckgti. :. CKEHZPHZGRCHKI CU]C]YRCHKGAI MIAAH UEHPH2 UEHPH2 khk jgstg ckmcegri gstrgttglikti liti mg  mg  rg rgff ffcu cukf kfir irii i nu nukz kzch chkc kc mg sv svha hafi firi ri.. Heeh Heehrr rrii ck ckeh ehrp rphr hrgr grai ai kiaa kiaagg st stru rutt ttur urgg shec shecga gaii miaa miaa–h –hrf rfgk gkcz czzg zgzc zchk hki, i, ng ngri ri sá ed edii sc ckti cktirc rchr hrcz czzc zckh kh ki kicc shff shff,, ng ngvh vhri rikm kmh h ah svca svcaup upph ph mc mitirlckgtc lhmc mc gfcri i mc piksgri. 5. MCNIUG MIAA–CK]IFZC]À CU]C]YRCHKGAI2 sc trgttg mc tutiagri i mc fistcri a–cktirh pgtrclhkch cmigai miaa–cstctuzchki, edi ä ngtth mc vgahrc, minckctc ‑hffittc mc miscmirch egpgec mc mcnikmiri a–cmiktctà mc frupph“. Ca aigmir khk sc aclctg g ckmcegri liti mg rgffcukfiri, lg rcminckcsei ehktckuglikti a–gzchki svhatg kia pgssgth ehknirikmhai uk siksh ritrhspittcvh. Wugkth + uk  prhfrgllg ä ckkhvgtcvh, tgkth + mivi issiri aifcttclgth shtthackigkmh c aifglc mc ehktckuctà cmigai ehk ca pgtrclhkch sthrceh miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. =. EHLPHUCRCHKI MIC EHKNAC]]C CK]IZKC2 ukg aigmirsdcp sc lgkcnistg ehli tgai si mc nrhkti ehknacttc cttc edi ckivc ckivctgjc tgjcalik alikti ti shrfhkh shrfhkh ck uk–hrfgkc uk–hrfgkczzgz zzgzchki, chki, rcisei rcisei g svhafiri svhafiri hpirg mc g ehkna limcgzchki. Gsshaviri qsti aigmirsdcp2 nukzchkc khk ä uk clpifkh ehluki, khk silpri rcisei. Uiazkco ckmceg 5 egrgttirc mcstcktcvc miaag ä uk agvhrh svhath pir ngr nrhkti gaai iscfikzi mc ukg sctugzchki shecgai?

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vg cktisg ehli nukzchki2 pir issiri aigmir khk clphrtg rcehprcri ukg egrceg nhrlgai, ä kieissgrc svh vhaf afir irii uk uk–g –gtt ttccvct vctà egpge gpgeii mc lhjc lhjcac acttgri su uk prhfi rhfittth ai ikirf kirfcci mic liljr ljrc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki? khk ä kieissgrcg, phcedã phsshkh iscstiri i shprgvvcviri hrfgkczzgzchkc prcvi mc aigmirsdcp. ]uttgvcg ag aigmirsdcp puú ngaacri kia suh ehlpcth i Uiazkco ckmcvcmug c 5 prckecpgac rcsedc pir ukg aigmirsdcp2 G. NYFG KIAAG ]IEKHAHFCG2 qugkmh ag aigmirsdcp pieeg pir ukg ehkeiktrgzchki ehkeiktrgzchki ieeisscvg suc lizzc i suc lhmc, edi sc geehlpgfkg gm uk hrciktglikth khk prhjailgtceh suc nckc, gssuktc ehli si nhssirh sehktgtc h clphstc mgaa–istirkh. Uc vircnceg hfkc vhatg edi uk frupph sc shttrgi gc  prhprc prhprc clpifk clpifkcc rigac rigac rcm rcmuei ueikmh kmh ai prhprc prhprcii risphk risphksgj sgjcac cactà tà i rcn rcnufc ufcgkm gkmhsc hsc mcitrh mcitrh ah sedirl sedirlh h miaa–cshaglikth miaa–cshaglikt h tiekhahfceh, hkmi ivctgri sctugzchkc edi fikirgkh gkscità. J. HPPHZ HPPHZ]YKCU ]YKCULH2 LH2 ehkscsti kia pirsifuclikth mc vgktgffc cllimcgtc i g jrivi tirlcki, ck lhmh cksunnceciktilikti ehktrhaagth mg ehkscmirgzchkc mc prckecpc i mc ehksifuikzi uatcli. Pieegri mc hpphrtukc hpphr tukcslh slh scfkcnc scfkcnceg eg mcliktceg mcliktcegri ri c prckecpc prckecpc fucmg fucmg edi segturcs segturcsehkh ehkh mga mga egrgttiri egrgttiri i mgaag cmiktctà cmik tctà sthrceg sthrceg miaa miaa–hrfg –hrfgkczz kczzgzch gzchki, ki, issiri issiri trhpph trhpph isphsth isphsth gaai prisschkc prisschkc istirki. Ca pircehah pircehah lgffchri ä quiaah mc prhvhegri innittc ckehktrhaagtc sua egrgttiri miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki, edi mcviktg ehknush i mcshrmckgth, mcshrmckg th, prcvh mc uk–cmiktctà uk–cmiktctà ehkvckeikti. ehkvckeik ti. E. Y]H Y]HPCU PCULH2 LH2 ehlpgri qugkmh qugkmh sc dg uk–ieeiss uk–ieeisscvg cvg fikirgacz fikirgaczzgzc zgzchki hki mifac sehpc. Wugkmh Wugkmh pirú ai ackii mcrittcvi shkh prcvi mc rigacslh i gaah stissh tilph vc ä ag kieissctà mc prikmiri miaai miecschkc, gaahrg cktirvikfhkh c erctirc + rigacstcec lg ckehktrhaagtc edi ck uk lhmh h kiaa–gatrh •

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ehalgkh ag ageukg.

 

EGP. 92 LCEDIA EZHRCIZ2 UCU]ILG JYZHEZG]CEH I U]ZG]IFCI MIFAC G]]HZC 72  Ai  prc c ckec c pgac  khvctà  tihrr c c edi  mi

i a  lhmi i aah mc c c Err h  zcirr 

Ag lgtircg mc ckmgfcki mc EZHRCIZ   ä shprgttutth ag jurhergzcg jurhergzcg miaa–Gllckcstrgzchki miaa–Gllckcstrgzchki Pujjaceg. Pujjaceg. Fac gspittc + rcaivgktc kia pirehrsh mc rceireg mc Erhzcir shkh2 •

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CK]IZPZI]GRCHKI PIFFCHZG]C^G MIA ]IZLCKI JYZHEZGRCG JYZHEZGRCG22 gssuli ag jurhergzcg kia

scfkcncegth piffchrgtcvh, mhvi ivheg a–cmig mc gppgrgth aikth, pisgkti, ehlpacegth i pheh inncecikti. I gffcukfi edi ag jurhergzcg ä uk–hrfgkczzgzchki ckegpgei mc ehrriffiri c prhprc irrhrc. GKGACUC U]ZG]IFCEG MIC EHLPHZ]GLIK]C JYZHEZG]CEC2 pir ehlprikmiri ehli nukzchkg nukz chkg uk–hrfgkc uk–hrfgkczzgz zzgzchki chki jurhergtc jurhergtceg eg vg ngttg uk–gkgacs uk–gkgacscc edi stumc stumc ai strgtifci strgtifci edi fac gtthrc, gtth rc, ckmcvcm ckmcvcmugac ugac i ehaait ehaaittcvc, tcvc, gmhttgkh gmhttgkh kic kic quhtcmcgk quhtcmcgkcc rgpphrtc rgpphrtc riecpr riecprhec hec miktrh miktrh ca qugmrh qugmrh miaai rifhai nhrlgac miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. PH]IZI EHLI EHK]ZHAAH MIC LGZFCKC MC CKEIZ]IRRG2 ca phtiri mcviktg ag egpgectà mcnikmiri lgrfckc scg puri lckclc mc acjirtà mc seiatg, kia rikmiri rikmiri ag prhprcg mc uk shff kia mcnikmiri ehkmhttg pir qugaedi gspitth clprivimcjcai gfac gatrc. Uhah qsth ä ca lhmh ck euc sc ehkqucstg ukg phsczchki mc vgktgffch vgktgffch rcspitth g edc khk khk rcisei g mcsphrri mc quic lgrfckc mc acjirtà. CLPHZ]GKRG MIC LHMIAAC EYA]YZGAC KGRCHKGAC2 Erhzcir ehkmuei ag sug gkgacsc su mifac

hrfgkcslc nrgkeisc im ehksgpivhai c rcsuatgtc g euc pirvciki khk dgkkh ukg cllimcgtg vgacmctà ukcvirsgai. Agästhrcg siehagriedi mc ukg kgzchki pagslg ag euaturg i ag pirshkgactà mic shff, ai rifhai mia ehlphrtglikth ehlphrtglikth shecgai shecgai i shprgttutth ai cstctuzchkc cstctuzchkc phactcehgllckcstrgtcvi.

:2  A–isgli  mc

c :  jur h  err g  zci stgtgac  

Phcedã Erhzcir ä cktirissgth ck pgrtcehagri gm gaeukc gspittc edi shkh ag sceurizzg, ag rifhagrctà, a––clpirshkgactà mia nukzchkglikth, seifaci pir ag sug rceireg hrfgkczzgzchkc mhvi qstc trgttc shkh lhath svcauppgtc2 iktc miaag pujjaceg gllckcstrgzchki mhvi tutth ä mhlckgth mg khrlg clpirshkgac, mg firgre firgredci dci stgjca stgjcac, c, mg rhutc rhutcki ki i sceuri sceurizzg zzg mc clpcif clpcifh. h. Gkgacz Gkgaczzg zg eh ehsá sá uk Cstctu Cstctuth th pgrcfc pgrcfckh kh mc ehktgjcactà mcpikmikti mga Lckcstirh miaai nckgkzi i uk Lhkhphach mc prhmuzchki ckmustrcgai (quiaah mic tgjgeedc). :.7 2 A–cstctuth ehktgjcai pgrcfckh

Gaa–cstctuth Gaa–cstct uth ca agvhrh agvhrh ä istrilglikt istrilgliktii rifhagri, rifhagri, hlhfikih, hlhfikih, guthkhlh, guthkhlh, hfkc hfkc frupph frupph ehlp ehlpci ci hfkc fchrkh ai stissi hpirgzchkc sikzg mhvir ehhpirgri ehk gatrc fruppc. C ehlpctc miaag mcrcfikzg shkh aclctgtc2 fgrgktcri ag rifhagrctà mia sirvczch, ngc hssirvgri ag mcsecpackg, rcpgrtcri c egrcedc mc agvhrh siehkm sie hkmh h prgssc prgssc ehksha ehkshacmg cmgti, ti, sifkga sifkgagri gri ga Lckcst Lckcstirh irh ai kieiss kieissctà ctà.. Pirecú Pirecú ca mhlckc mhlckch h mia miaai ai rfhai rfhai clpirshkgac i c aclctgtc ehlpctc miaag firgredcg miackigkh ukg sctugzchki cktirkg rcfcmg, silpacncegtg, ehk phedi tikschkc gpirti i ehk segrsi heegschkc mc ehlukcegzchki i mc ehktgtth shecgai. ]utth ecú dg miaai ehksifuikzi2 c mcp mcpik ikmik miktc tc mgkkh mgkkh ah stritt stritth h kieiss kieissgrc grch h i svcaup svcauppgk pgkh h gaa gaa–is –istir tirkh kh ag ahrh ahrh vctg vctg shecga shecgai, i, •

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khrlgalikti vcvgei, vcvgei, euaturgaliktiairceeg i g vhati clprivimcjcai? ec sc ehlphrtglhath ck lhmh ehknhrlcstceh, egtifhrci firgredcedi tikmhkh gm cshagrsc lgktikikmh rgpphrtc nhrlgac mc ehrtiscg. Uc ivctgkh ehknacttc gpirtc i ai erctcedi vikfhkh isprissi ck lhmh clpirshkgai?

 

ah stcai mc ehkmuzchki clpirshkgai i guthrctgrch httciki jgssh gssikticslh i iaivgtg cktiksctà mc agvhrh, tuttgvcg vc ä ukg segrsg inncecikzg g acviaah ehlpaisscvh. Khk iscsthkh struliktc h  phsscjcactà clprikmctcvi pir lcfachrgri lcfachrgri a–cstctuth i rikmirah + gmifugth gaai eriseiktc kieissctà mc agvhrh? sc agvhrg ck lhmh mcsecpackgth, ukcnhrli, ukcnhrli, cktiksh lg mhph uk ph– sc vg vcg. ]r ]rgg c mcrc mcrcfi fikt ktcc ckti cktirl rlim imcc ai nr nrus ustr trgz gzch chkc kc mhvu mhvuti ti g aukf aukfdc dc gk gkkc kc mc si sirv rvcz czch ch si sikz kzgg ri risp sphk hksg sgjc jcac actà tà clphrt clp hrtgkt gktc, c, ehlp ehlpitc itczch zchki ki i rcehk rcehkhse hsecli cliktc ktc mc mc lircth lircth trhv trhvgkh gkh ukg ukg rcvgas rcvgasgg kiaa– kiaa– cksce cksceuri urizzg zzg m–clpcifh, kiaag frgkmi acjirtà prhnisschkgai i kiaag mcnisg fiahsg mc hfkc lckclg prirhfgtcvg, kiaa–ckshnnirikzg kiaa–ckshnniri kzg pir c ehktrhaac mg pgrti mic supirchrc. •

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:.: 2 Ca lhkhphach ckmustrcgai

Gkedii quc Gked quc ag prhm prhmuz uzch chki ki kh khk k si sifu fuii erct erctir ircc mc lire liregt gth h i mc prhn prhnct ctth th lg ä nc ncss ssgt gtgg pi pirr vc vcgg gllckcstrgtcvg mg uk unncech lckcstircgai. Ca phsth mc agvhrh ä fgrgktcth g vctg, ai ritrcjuzchkc shkh ifugactgrci i vcfi ca prckecpch fikirgai mc gkzcgkctà.  Kia acviaah isieutcvh ec shkh fac   hpirgc mc lgkutikzchki  edi shkh uk–clphrtgkti ehlphkikti tiekcehtiek ceh-prhni prhnissch sschkgai kgai,, im ca sckmg sckmgegth egth isirec isirectg tg uk khtivha khtivhaii ruhah pir pir ca fikirgai fikirgai acviaagli acviaaglikth kth siehkmh prckecpc ifugactgrc mc gkzcgkctà. Fac hpirgc mc prhmuzchki  shkh ehksgpivhac mc gvir httikuth prcvcaifc, sceedä rctikfhkh ckmcspiksgjcai mcnikmirsc pir khk pirmiri c ahrh vgktgffc. Ki mircvg uk gttiff shmmcsngtth i gffrisscvh, mc hstcactà virsh ai kuhvi tiekhahfci mc gppiaah cmihahfceh gaa–ukctà mc eagssi ehk fac hpirgc mcngtth lgkutikzchki pir lgktikirai ehsi ehliistgkkh. C qugmrc cktirlimc  shkh ag ehlphkikti ehlphkikti + nrustrgt nrustrgtg. g. Ag rcfcmg rcfcmg gppacegzch gppacegzchki ki mia prckecpc prckecpch h mc gkzcgkctà thfaci gc egpc ah strulikth + clphrtgkti mia phtiri, hvvirh ag mcserizchkgactà mia mcsphrri mic mcpikm mcpikmikt iktc. c. Zcmhtt Zcmhttcc g silpac silpacec ec fugrmc fugrmcgkc gkc miaai miaai khrli, khrli, prcvc prcvc mc rigac rigac ehlpit ehlpitikz ikzii tiekce tiekcedi, di,ag ag lgffch lgf fchrr pgrti pgrti mic egpc cktir cktirlim limcc sc gmifugk gmifugkh h ehk rgssifk rgssifkgzc gzchki hki gaag gaag sujeua sujeuatur turgg hpirgc hpirgcg, g, ehstruikmhsc kceedci kceedci mc pceehac ngvhrc ehk c prhprc mcpikmiktc mcrittc. Ag mcrizchki fikirgai  svhafi uk ruhah mc jgssh jgssh prhncah2 fac hjcittcvc hjcittcvc shkh ncssgtc mgaa–istirkh, mgaa–istirkh, c lithmc i c prheissc mc prhmuzchki shkh stgjcac, khk ä phsscjcai gssuliri i kã aceikzcgri acjirglikti, khk ä phsscjcai gssifkgri c phstc mc agvhrh g egusg mia prckecpch mc gkzcgkctà. Ag mcrizchki ä trhpph ahktgkg mgc mcpikmiktc, puú cktirvikcri shah gttrgvirsh ag firgredci pirecú ai cknh fcukfhkh ncatrgti i clpirshkgac. Fac ckfifkirc mc prhmuzchki fhmhkh mc uk lgffchr phtiri, sijjiki mcpikmgkh nhrlgalikti Mga mcritt mcr itthri hri?? rgppri rgpprisik siktgk tgkh h ck simi simi mcritt mcrittcvg cvg a–iquc a–iqucvga vgaikt iktii mifac mifac hpirg hpirgcc mc lgkut lgkutikz ikzchk chki. i. Lg ag ehlpitikzg tiekceg ac litti ck ukg phsczchki prcvcaifcgtg. Kgsei ehsá ukg ehstgkti tikschki trg ag mcrizchki gllckcstrgtcvg edi tiktg mc rgzchkgaczzgri ca ruhah mifac ckfifkirc rcphrtgkmhah g khrli  privimcjcac i ag riscstikzg mifac ckfifkirc piredã ca ahrh ruhah ristc ilpcrceh i lga minckcth. C : hrfgkcslc prisiktgkh pirú trgttc ck ehluki2 mhlckch mc rifhai clpirshkgac clpirshkgac i gstrgtti, ehk ehksifuikti mijhaizzg mijhaizzg miaag firgredcg? lgke lg kegk gkzg zg mc ehkt ehktgt gttc tc tr trgg ai vg vgrc rcii eg egti tifh fhrc rcii i ag ti tikm kmik ikzg zg mc qsti qsti g mc mcvi vikt ktgr grii mi micc ehlpgr ehl pgrtcl tclikt iktcc mhvi mhvi ag prissc prisschki hki ehknhr ehknhrlcs lcstce tcegg mic pgrc pgrc frgmh frgmh shstct shstctucs ucsei ei ag prissc prisschki hki firgredceg? lgkegkzg mc ehlpitczchki prhnisschkgai i ehksifuikti privgairi mc fcumczc cktirpirshkgac  pscehahfcec i gnnittcvc sua egrgttiri ulgkh mic ehaaifdc i supirchrc? mcnnusg ckegpgectà mc lutglikth, mc gmgttglikth ga kuhvh. •

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52  Ca  phtiri i ehli  ehktr h h aa aah h  m i  c  lgr f  f f  fckc  mc

c ckeir t izzg  

Erhzcir ehlpci uk–gkgacsc ck tirlcki mc phtiri mic rgpphrtc shecgac trhvgtc kiaai : hrfgkczzgzchkc. A–isireczch mc uk phtiri ä silpri pirshkgai, quckmc puú siljrgri strgkh pgragri mc phtiri ck ukg sctugzchki mhvi tutth ä rifhagliktgth ck lhmh rcfcmh i clpirshkgai. Ckviei quistg ä ag sctugzchki ck euc sc nhrlgkh mifac spgzc kiaag rcfcmg hrfgkczzgzchki ck euc c shff rcisehkh gm isirectgri gaeukc lcerh-phtirc su gatrc shff. Pir egpcri lifach ca pikscirh mc Erhzcir jcshfkg ngri miaai ehkscmirgzchkc sua tgyahrcslh2 qsth ä uk prhfitth rgzchkgacstceh ck jgsi ga qugai hfkc prheimurg, hfkc fisth  prhmuttcvglikti  prhmu ttcvglikti rcaivgkti mivi issiri stgkmgrmczzgth stgkmgrmczzgth siehkmh ca erctirch erctirch miaa–hki jist wgy. wgy. Ck phedi   pgrhai ca tgyahrcslh sc prisiktg ehli ukg jurhergzcg pirnittg, lg mgaa–gatrh agth Erhzcir ag vimi gkedi ehli uk–uthpcg. I likhlgai edi ah ä, piredã si ca tgyahrcslh nhssi pcikglikti rigaczzgth, sgrijji shpprissg hfkc nhrlg mc mcserizchkgactà. mcserizchkgactà. Pirecú hfkc pirshkg gvrijji uk pirehrsh  primitirlckgth mg ehlpciri i ai seiati sgrijjirh gjhacti. Ck ukg tgai sctugzchki ag  primit primitirl irlckg ckgzch zchki ki clp clpirs irshkg hkgai ai mia ruhah ruhah ehckec ehckecmir mirijj ijjii ehk ag mcssha mcsshauzc uzchki hki mic rgpphr rgpphrtc tc mc mcpikmikzg firgredceg firgredceg pirshkgai. Pir nhrtukg qstg ä shah ukg prhspittcvg uthpceg. Erhzcir nhkmg ag phsscjcactà mc ukg shechahfcg miaa–ckczcgtcvg ulgkg kiaai frgkmc hrfgkczzgzchkc2 a–clprivimcjcactà ä acjirtà i gkedi phtiri. Pcó ä rcfcmg ag fgjjcg jurhergtceg, + fac gttc ulgkc edi snuffhkh gaag primitirlckgzchki gssulhkh ca scfkcncegth mc acjirtà i phtiri. Ieeh ai jgsc su euc Erhzcir minckcsei ca phtiri ehli ehktrhaah mic lgrfckc mc ckeirtizzg kiaai riagzchkc ehk ca prhssclh. Ca phtiri ä issikzcgalikti seiatg, ckczcgtcvg, strgtifcg, phsscjcactà mc ehkmczchkgri ca ehlphrt gatruc ga mc nuhrc miaai rifhai privcsti. p rivcsti. ]uttc ehahrh edi pir mitikfhkh ca lhkhphach mc mitirlckgti ehkhseikzi h sc edi gkkcmgkh ck ruhac pirqugascgsc qugaedi rgfchki gspitth khk primitirlckgjcac fhmhkh mc ukg phsczchki mc phtiri fac fac ga gatr trc, c, ehlpr ehlpris iscc c eg egpc pc firgr firgred edce cec, c, khk dgkkh dgkkh si sc trhvg trhvgkh kh ck ruha ruhacc mhtg mhtgtc tc clprivimcjcactà. =2  Ahtti  mc

c

 g  g tifci  mi phtirr i i i  strr g

mc

lc lckh khri ri

i c  shffittc  

Ai ahtti mc phtiri shkh ahtti pir ehkqucstgri h lgktikiri ca ehktrhaah miaai nhktc mc ckeirtizzg, i ck tgac ahtti sc lgkcnistgkh ai strgtifci mic sckfhac ckmcvcmuc h mc mitirlckgtc fruppc. C lgffchrc sehktrc sc dgkk dgkkh h mhvi mhvi ä + eg egri rikt ktii ag rg rgzc zchk hkga gacz czzg zgzc zchk hkii i ag ri rifh fhag agli likt ktgz gzch chki ki.. + ä ck ckei eirt rtgg ag rifhagliktgzchki mc uk ruhah, lgffchri ä ca phtiri mia shff edi heeupg quia ruhah. Ca shff ng vgairi ca suh phtiri kic ehknrhktc mc ehahrh edi heeupgkh ruhac mcnniriktc lg nukzchkgalikti ehkkissc ehk ca suh, ck vcstg mc httikiri lgffchrc rcehlpiksi gaa–cktirkh miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. Ca fcheh ä mcnikscvh  pir  p ir edc eireg eireg mc ehksirvgri ehksirvgri c lgrfckc lgrfckc mc ckeirt ckeirtizzg izzg mia suh ruhah ruhah agvhrgtc agvhrgtcvh, vh, im ä hnnikscvh hnnikscvh pir fac gatrc edi eiregkh mc shttrgrri quic lgrfckc gttrgvirsh uatirchrc rifhagliktgzchkc. rifhagliktgzchkc. Ai ahtti gvvikfhkh ck ukg sctugzchki gatglikti strutturgtg, mhvi iscsthkh mic vckehac i miaai rifhai shttcktisi. Wstc vckehac gttikugkh a–gsprizzg miaai ahtti? suffircsehkh egutiai i ehlprhlissc,  phrtgkh phrtgkh g rcehkhse rcehkhseiri iri edi khk sc puú puú supirgri ag shfacg shfacg hatri hatri euc siktcliktc siktcliktc i mcfkctà mcfkctà mia ehlpitcthri ristgkh nirctc, prifcumcegkmh ag ehkvcvikzg nuturg. Wugkth likh uk–hrfgkczzgzchki dg  jcshfkh mc ehlpitiri pir fgrgktcrsc ag shprgvvcvikzg, tgkth likh clphrtgktc shkh ai phsti ck fcheh kiaai ahtti mc phtiri. Yk–gk Yk– gkgac gacsc sc gmifug gmifugtg tg miaai miaai ehkmht ehkmhtti ti ulgki ulgki kiaai kiaai hrfgkc hrfgkczz zzgzc gzchkc hkc khk puú ed edii issiri issiri uk–gkg uk–gkgacs acscc strgtifceg2 heehrri echä rcehkhseiri gc shff ag egpgectà mc svcauppgri prhprci strgtifci rgzchkgac gaa–cktirkh miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki. Iscsti ukg lhatipacectà mc rgzchkgactà prcvgti, quiaai mifac uhlckc edi ehktrg ehktrgttg ttgkh kh ca prhprc prhprch h clpifk clpifkh h kiaa–h kiaa–hrfg rfgkcz kczzg zgzch zchki ki ck jg jgsi si g quiaac quiaac edi riputg riputgkh kh c prhprc prhprc cktirissc. Erhzcir hssirvg edi ca rctugacslh mia jurhergti vg vcsth ehli ukg strgtifcg edi ifac litti ck gtth pir mcnikmiri ag sug acjirtà mc gzchki, ca suh lcerhphtiri mc nrhkti gc supirchrc i gaa–utikzg. Gatri strgtifcig pgrtiecpgri. phsscjcac, hatri ga strgtifcg r ctugacslh, rctugacslh, phsshkh ca mcstgeeh, ca mcscktirissi, rckukecg ehksgpivhai pgrtiecpgri . Ykg mc nufg mgaaiissiri risphksgjcactà ä spissh ca lhmh ag + ehkvikcikti  pir mcnikmiri ag prhprcg ckmcpikmikzg.

 

 h h  i i  h h 92  Ca  prr h  h  jailg  m i  ia  lutglikth kiaag  jurr h  herg  gzcg   Ag jurhergzcg ä ehstructg ck lhmh mg khk gviri ga suh cktirkh kissukh strulikth cstctuzchkgai pir   phtirsc ehrriffiri. Mc ehksifuikzg ai prisschkc pir ca egljcglikth shkh mistckgti g prhvhegri shah uatirchrc rcfcmctà. Erhzcir ckmcvcmug = gspittc ehstgktc ck hfkc jurhergzcg pujjaceg2 a–clpirshkgactà miaai khrli? •

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ag eiktrgaczzgzchki eiktrgaczzgzc miecschkc ga virtcei? a–cshaglikth mchki hfkcmiaai egtifhrcg firgredceg? ah svcaupph mc phtirc pgrgaaiac kic lgrfckc mc ckeirtizzg. A–ckscili mc qsti egrgtt prhmuehkh nrustrgzchki, mcstgeeh, khk pgrtiecpgzchki, rcmhttg inncecikzg i rcfcmctà. Wsth lgaissiri sc trgmuei ck prisschkc mcnnusi suaag mcrcfikzg gnnckedã prikmg lcsuri cmhkii g cktrhmurri egljcgliktc. Lg ag mcrcfikzg khk dg fac struliktc pir ngrah, sceedä rckvcg ca prhjailg gc acviaac firgredcec + gatc. Wstc g ahrh vhatg rigfcsehkh ehk c lizzc edi dgkkh g mcsphsczchki2 ilgkgkh kuhvi khrli fikirgac ehktrh hfkc ngvhrctcslh h grjctrch, sgavgfugrmgkh lifach a–iqucacjrch trg ai mcvirsi pgrtc mia scstilg. Lg qsti lcsuri vgkkh ck siksh ehktrgrch ga egljcglikth. Ai mcnncehatà mc nukzchkglikth mia scstilg shkh snruttgti mgfac ckmcvcmuc i mgc fruppc pir lcfachrgri ag ahrh ahrh phsc phsczc zchk hkii kiaa kiaagg ah ahtt ttgg pi pirr ca phtir phtiri. i. Wsti Wsti eh ehkm kmht htti ti susec susectg tgkh kh kuhvi kuhvi pris prissc schk hkcc pi pir  r  a–clpirshkgactà i ag eiktrgaczzgzchki, edi gppgchkh ehli ag shag shauzchki phsscjcai pir iaclckgri c  prcvcaifc gjuscvc edi ckmcvcmuc i fruppc dgkkh gequcscth. Ieeh edi sc ckstgurg uk ecrehah vczchsh, ukg sctugzchki jaheegtg edi phrtg Erhzcir g minckcri ag jurhergzcg ehli uk scstilg hrfgkczzgtcvh edi khk ä egpgei mc ehrriffirsc ck nukzchki mic suhc irrhrc i ai euc mcsnukzchkc shkh ukh mifac iailiktc issikzcgac mia suh iqucacjrch.  Khkhstgkti tutti ai sui mcsnukzchkc, ag jurhergzcg mivi pur silpri lgktikiri uk gffgkech ehk ai iscf is cfik ikzi zi miaa miaagg shec shecit itàà ed edii is issg sg gllc gllckc kcst strg rg?? gk gked edii ai aicc mivi mivi eg eglj ljcg cgri ri.. Lg is issi sikm kmh h prcv prcvgg mc lieegkcslc egpgec mc fgrgktcrai uk ehktckuh i ncschahfceh gmgttglikth gaai khvctà shecgac, ag  jurhergzcg puú egljcgri shah pir ercsc, pir sussuatc sussuatc clprhvvcsc edi ag ckvisthkh thtgalikti. thtgalikti. Ag ercsc susectg pgrtiecpgzchki cktiksg im ilhtcvg, acjirg tikschkc i ckgspittgtc lhmiaac mc gzchki i mc phtiri.  Kiaag Kiaag ercsc ercsc ai phtikz phtikzcga cgactà ctà erigtc erigtcvi vi mifac mifac ckmcvc ckmcvcmuc muc vikfhk vikfhkh h gaa gaah h sehpir sehpirth th phkikm phkikmh h g frgk frgk vhei vhei a–iscfikzg mc uk lutglikth rgmcegai. G qsth pukth ca phtiri phactceh eiktrgai clphki ukg rcnhrlg egpgei mc gequcitgri ai egusi mia mcsgfch ehk uk sirvczch + inncecikti. Ehsá ag jurhergzcg rcnhrlgtg rcprikmi g nukzchkgri nckh g edi khk sc rcprisiktg ukg sctugzchki mc ercsc... Wuckmc ag ercsc ä ca shah lizzh pir fcukfiri gfac gmgttgliktc kieissgrc i svhafi uk ruhah issikzcgai kiaah svcaupph mia scstilg. •

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>2  Jurrh  herr g  g  g zcg  i ehktisth  kgzchkgai 

Wugac shkh c rgpphrtc trg hrfgkczzgzchki jurhergtceg i ehktisth euaturgai88 Ai prisschkc ehknhrlcstcedi isirectgti isirectgti mga frupph mic pgrc? ag segrsctà mc riagzchkc riagzchkc cknhrlgac trg mcvirsi mcvirsi egtifhrci shecgac? a–geuth siksh miaa–guthrctà eiktrgai? ag fiahsg tutiag miaag prhprcg ckmcpikmikzg? vikfhkh ckmcegtc ehli egrgttirc tcpcec miaag pirshkgactà mc jgsi nrgkeisi. A–hrcfcki mc qstc egrgttirc vg rceiregtg ck : iailiktc2 a–cktirchrczzgzchki mc uk–guthrctà gsshautg i mcnnusg edi ehksirvg qugaehsg miaag trgmczchki  phactceg miaag lhkgredcg gsshautg? a–ckegpgectà mc shpphrtgri shpphrtgri ai riagzchkc ngeecg g ngeecg, hsscg ag sujhrmckg sujhrmckgzchki zchki mcrittg. •

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Ck qsth lhmh ukg ehkeizchki gsshautcstceg miaa–guthrctà i ga ehktilph sc iaclckgkh c rgpphrtc mcrittcscmclgktciki mcpikmikzg.

 

Erhzcir eireg mc ehfaciri ai gkgahfci trg fac hrfgkcslc mg auc stumcgtc i gatri cstctuzchkc nrgkeisc. Ck hfkukg mc qsti cstctuzchkc Erhzcir rctrhvg c shactc trgttc ehstgktc. Wstc trgttc ehlukc suffircsehkh2 a–clphrtgkzg miaag jurhergzcg jurhergzcg kia scstilg shecgai nrgkeisi? a–cphtisc edi a–gllckcstrgzchki pujjaceg mc uk pgisi ä a–cstctuzchki mhvi + nimialikti sc rcspieedcgkh c trgtth shecgac shecgac i euaturgac mia pgisi. •

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62  Hatri i

 h h secctg  euaturrg  gai   i ag  jur h  herg  gzcg. ]iekhahfcg  i erri  ise

Puú a–ckkhvgzchki trhvgri spgzch ck ukg shecità fhvirkgtg mg ukg jurhergzcg pujjaceg ckegpgei mc rckkhvgrsc si khk pir ercsc8 Erhzci Erh zcirr mcei mcei edi edi jcshfk jcshfkgg mcstck mcstckfui fuiri ri trg ag mc mcnnc nnceha ehatà tà miaag miaag jurher jurhergzc gzcgg mc rckkhv rckkhvgri gri si stissg stissg i a–inncegei nukzchki mc stclhah edi issg svhafi pir a–ckkhvgzchki iehkhlceg i euaturgai miaag shecità. Ag sthr sthrcg cg nr nrgk gkei eisi si rc rceh ehkh khse seii gaag gaag ju jurh rher ergz gzcg cg uk qugm qugmrh rh ck ckmc mcsp spik iksg sgjc jcai ai pi pirr ah svca svcaup upph ph miaa–clp miaa –clprikmc rikmcthrcg thrcg i rcehkhsei rcehkhsei ck aic uk clphrtgkt clphrtgktii ruhah ruhah mc stclhah stclhah gaa–ckkhv gaa–ckkhvgzch gzchki ki gttrgvirsh gttrgvirsh ckeiktcvc, nhrlgzchki prhnisschkgai, prhnisschkgai, ehhrmckglikth i pcgkcncegzchki mc gttcvctà Lg pir shmmcs shmmcsng ngri ri ag mhlgkm mhlgkmgg erisei eriseikti kti i silpri silpri + ehlpai ehlpaissg ssg edi sgai sgai mgaag mgaag shecit shecitàà ecvcai ecvcai,, a–gllckcstrgzchki pujjaceg mivi lgffchrlikti rgzchkgaczzgrsc, hvvirh mivi mcviktgri + naisscjcai, + mieiktrgtg, + egpgei mc clprikmctcvctà i mc guthehrrizchki gaa–cktirkh, mivi echä

mijurhergtczzgrsc . Lg ehli ä phsscjcai rgffcukfiri qsth hjcittcvh88 Uiehkmh Erhzcir : ngtthrc clphrtgktc hrciktgkh ah svcaupph miaai frgkmc hrfgkczzgzchkc lhmirki2 ai7.tiekhahfci 2 ehksikthkh khk shah viahectà im inncecikzg lgffchrc mia  pgssgth, lg gkedi ag acjirgzchki mc lhath agvhrh ulgkh mgc ehlpctc + pcgttglikti isieutcvc? :. ag erisectg euaturgai mc lgssg 2 prhmuei ukg lgffchri shncstcegzchki cktiaaittugai mifac ckmc ckmcvc vcmu mucc i phki phki ai pr pril ilis issi si pi pire redã dã sc gnnc gnncmc mckh kh ga gaai ai pi pirs rshk hkii ehlp ehlpct ctcc + eh ehlp lpai aiss sscc i clpifkgtcvc mia pgssgth mgkmh lgffchrc lgrfckc mc acjirtà i quckmc mc phtiri mg isirectgri suc auhfdc mc agvhrh.

 

EGP.>2 ^GZCI]G– I PZHFI]]GRCHKI MIAAI NHZLI HZFGKCRRG]C^I 72  Ca  su  pirrg  glikth  mi

 h h  g g turr g g  g g lgkgfirrc  cgai  i aag  jurr h  herr g gzcg  trrg  gmc c zchkgai  kiaag  aittir g 

 Kiaag aittirgturg aittirgturg lgkgfircgai, g pgrtcri pgrtcri mgfac gkkc –>0, sc trhvg trhvgkh kh : ckmcrczzc mc rceireg rceireg ck euc ä  phsscjcai rcehkhseiri gaeuki gaeuki gnnckctà ehk ai prhjailgtcedi mcjgt mcjgttuti tuti mg Erhzcir i Fhuamkir2 7. rcfu rcfugrmg grmg

ai ahfcedi ahfce di fikirgac fikieagsscec rgac mc miaag mcrizchki mcrizchki i gllckcst gllc kcstrgzch rgzchki ki m–cl prisg22 gaag vikfhkh vikf‑mcrizchki hkh lissc lisscpir  ck mcseusschki c prckecpc mcrizchki m–clprisg i scm–clprisg pirvciki hjcittcvc“, nhrluag ehk euc sc mhvrijjirh ehljgttiri ai ckerhstgzchkc jurhergtcedi. :. rcfu rcfugrmg grmg ag kieissctà kieissctà mc mcnn mcnniri irikzc kzcgri gri ai strutturi strutturi mcrittcvi mcrittcvi i gllckcst gllckcstrgtcv rgtcvi2 i2 gkedi gkedi kia mcjgttct mcjg ttcth h lgkgfircg lgkgfircgai ai gnnchrg gnnchrg ag kieissctà kieissctà mc prhfittgr prhfittgrii strutturi strutturi phaclhrni i naisscjcac naisscjcac,, + gmifugti gaag ehlpaissctà eriseikti eriseikti mic prhjailc. :2  Ag  m c rri i izchki  pirr  h  jcittcvc.  Ca   ehktrc  c juth  mc

c c  c   Mrru  uedir  

Mc Mcrc rcfi firi ri pir pir hjci hjcitt ttcv cvcc sc scfk fkcn cnce cegg ed edii hf hfkc kc lgkg lgkgfi firr edi edi clph clphst stgg ag sug sug gz gzch chki ki gt gttr trgv gvir irsh sh a–ckmcvcmugzchki i ca pirsifuclikth mc hjcittcvh spiecncec i ca + phsscjcai qugktcncegjcac, ehktrgttgtc ehk c suhc supirchrc i mg rgffcukfiri iktrh uk pirchmh mc tilph mitirlckgth. Ca lgkgfir sg edi ifac sgrà vgautgth mgc suhc supirchrc supirchrc ck jgsi ga frgmh ck euc dg rgffcukth tgac hjcittcvc. MZYEOIZ  pgrti   pgrti mgaag erctceg rgmcegai gaa–cmig edi ag rceireg mia lgssclh prhnctth scg mc qugaedi utcactà pir egpcri edi ehsg virglikti ngkkh ai clprisi i c ahrh lgkgfir. Gssuliri edi ca lgssclh  prhnct prhnctth th scg a–hjcitt a–hjcittcvh cvh ukceh i cllutg cllutgjca jcaii kia tilph mc uk–clp uk–clpris risgg ä shatgk shatgkth th uk phs phstua tuagth gth cmihahfceh edi khk gcutg ag ehlprikschki lg edi rcsedcg mc nuhrvcgrag. Ca prhnctth khk ehstctucsei ca ncki uatclh mc uk–clprisg lg pcutthsth ukg lcsurg miaag sug gttcvctà fahjgai. Ifac shstciki edi ca virh prhjailg edi stg g euhri mc hfkc gzcikmg i edi ag fucmg kiaai seiati ehkeriti, ä quiaah mc rgffcukfiri uk prhnctth sunncecikti g ehprcri c rcsedc cksctc kiaa–gttcvctà iehkhlceg, i pirecú mc ivctgri ai pirmcti. Phc mcri edi uk–clprisg sc princffi mc lgssclczzgri c prhncttc ä uk–gnnirlgzchki sikzg siksh piredã priseckmi mgaag mclikschki tilphrgai2 seifaciri prhncttc +aclctgtc ehk ag rgfchkivhai fgrgkzcg mc pirsifucrac kia tilph vuha fcà mcri gktiphrri ca erctirch miaag sceurizzg sua limch-aukfh tirlcki g quiaah mia lgssclh prhnctth cllimcgth sikzg priheeupgrsc mia mhlgkc. Pir egpcri ehli gfcsei uk–gzcikmg heehrri shstctucri ga prckecpch ukceh i gstrgtth mga lgx prhnctth, ca  prckecpch edi iscsti ukg paurgactà mc hjcittcvc ehkeritc i vgrcgjcac, edi sc spiecncegkh ck jgsi gc vckehac i gaai segmikzi tilphrgac. Mrueoir ckmcvcmug 9 puktc kia prheissh pir stgjcacri uk hjcittcvh2 spcifgri i ckqugmrgri a–cktirg a–cktirg fgllg mic nikhlikc ehkkis ehkkissc sc gaa–gttcvctà gzcikmgai ck uk  pceehah kulirh mc prhphsczchkc? shtthphrri qsti prhphsczchkc gaag vircnceg miaa–ispircikzg miaa–ispircikzg ehkeritg?  primcri ca ehlphrtglikth gzcikmgai? vgautgri ag vgacmctà i a–hpphrtukctà a–hpphrtukctà miaai miecschkc kia lhlikth ck euc vikfhkh prisi? littiri c lgkgfir ck frgmh mc gkgaczzgri gkgaczzgri ag prhprcg ispircikzg i mc vgautgri ca prhprch hpirgth. Uiehkmh Mrueoir fac hjcittcvc shkh kieissgrc ck tuttc quic eglpc ck euc ca acviaah mc gttcvctà i c rcsuatgtc dgkkh uk–cknauikzg vctgai i mcrittg suaag shprgvvcvikzg i suaag prhspirctà miaa–gzcikmg. Ifac spiecnceg ehsá 4 eglpc2 ag phsczchki heeupgtg sua liregth ― ai ckkhvgzchkc ― ai rcshrsi ncscedi i nckgkzcgrci ― ag rimmctcvctà ―  a– a–hp hpir irgt gth h mic mic mcrc mcrcfi fikt ktcc i ag ahrh ahrh nh nhrl rlgz gzch chki ki ― ai pr pris istg tgzc zchk hkcc i fa facc gtti gttif f mic mic mc mcpi pikm kmik iktc tc ― ai risphksgjcactà pujjacedi. ]gac hjcittcvc g ahrh vhatg mivhkh issiri2 ehkeritc, rigacstcec, erimcjcac, erimcjcac, vircncegjcac? ca + phsscjcai qugktcncegjcac? qugktcncegjcac? rgffcukfcjcac ck uk greh mc tilph mitirlckgth. •

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Ag lithmhahfcg ä ag sifuikti2 7. fac hjcittcvc ilirfhkh ck ukg sirci mc rcukchk rcukchkcc gaagrfgti gkedi gc mcrcfiktc cknirchrc. Ck tgac rcukchkc vikfhkh ckmcvcmugti ai grii strgtifcedi mc svcaupph miaa–gzcikmg i pir ecgseukg grig c  prhjailc isphstc mgc egpc risphksgjcac vikfhkh mcseussc ehaaifcgalikti eiregkmh mc supirgri ai mcvcschkc spiecgacstcedi i firgredcedi mia agvhrh. :. pir hfkc grig strgtifceg ag mcrizchki fikirgai ehktrgttg ehk c vgrc risphksgjcac mc grig c pcgkc m–gzchki m–gz chki mc mc frupph frup ph im im gttrgvirsh ckmcvcmug ckmcvcmugac acukg mg trgttgtcvg rgffcu rgffcukfiri kfiri iktrh mitirlckg mitirlckgti segmikzi segmikzi..mcrittc Ag mcseuthkh ncssgzch ncssgzchki ki mifac hjcittcvc gvvciki ck euc c supirchrc i c ti risphksgjcac ai phsscjcactà ehkeriti mc rgffcukfiri hjcittcvc spiecncec i lcsurgjcac ck rgpphrth gaai rcshrsi mcsphkcjcac, gaai mcnncehatà, gc phsscjcac clprivcstc. Ah sehph ä quiaah mc pirvikcri gm uk pcgkh geeittgth mg tuttc edi khk gppgcg kã trhpph mcnncecai, kã trhpph ngecai. 5. c risphksgjc risphksgjcac ac mc grig i c ahrh supirchrc supirchrc tikfhkh tikfhkh miaai rcukchkc rcukchkc pirchmced pirchmcedii mc vgautgzch vgautgzchki ki su qugk qugkth th ä fcà fcà stgt stgth h rg rgff ffcu cukt kth. h. Uc vi virc rcnc nceg eg ag pi pire reik iktu tuga gaii mc suee sueeis issh sh,, a mc mcnn nnce ceha hatà tà cksh ckshrt rti, i, a–hpphrtukctà mc guliktgri ai rcshrsi, ca frgmh mc ehkfruikzg trg c rcsuatgtc rgffcuktc kiaai vgrci grii, ai iviktugac ehrrizchkc ehrrizchkc mg gpphrtgri gaa–hpirgth fcà ehlpcuth. Ehk qsth lithmh sc stgjcacsehkh uk eaclg mc milhergzcg ehlpitctcvg, mifac hjcittcvc spiecncec su euc vc ä ag fgrgkzcg mia pgtth ehkehrmgth trg c supirchrc im c risphksgjcac mcrittc mifac hjcittcvc. Uh httciki gkedi ah sehph mc nhrlgri sua eglph c kuhvc mcrcfiktc. Ca lhmh + inncegei pir nhrlgrac ä quiaah mc gnncmg gnn cmgri ri ahrh ahrh mic mic ehlpct ehlpctcc acl aclctg ctgtc tc lg fcà ehlpai ehlpaitc tc g miaai miaai pirshk pirshkii edi dgkkh fcà pgrtie pgrtiecpg cpgth th gaa–gttcvctà ehaaifcgai ehaaifcgai mc ckmcvcmugzchki i ehktrgttgzchki mifac hjcittcvc. Ag mcsecpackg khk vg + vcstg ehli hjjimcikzg mcacfikti i pgsscvg, lg ehli uk ehckvhafclikth risphksgjcai mga jgssh. ^gktgffc  i  ehstc  m i 

52   aag mc

 i i c r i  izchki  pirr h  jcittcvh (M  ph) Ag mcrizchki pir 

hjcittcvc privimi2 mcseusschki gpirtg ga mc aà miaai firgredci, ckmcvcmugzchki i ehktrgttgzchki mc hjcittcvc,  pirshkgaczzgzchki  pirs hkgaczzgzchki mic rgpphrtc shecgac, gequcsczchki miaai ehlpitikzi sua eglph, eglph, lhjcactà lhjcactà lg gkedi  priegrcità mc egrrcirg, gttikzchki rcvhatg gfac sehpc + edi gaai khrli, milhergzcg ehlpitctcvg. Ai strgtifci mifac ckmcvcmuc vikfhkh rcehkhsecuti i ckehrgffcgti? c aclctc khk shkh + clphstc mg khrli clpi clpirs rshk hkga gacc lg rc rcna nait itth thkh kh ai egpg egpgec ectà tà ri riga gac? c? c fc fche hedc dc mc phti phtiri ri shkh shkh phrt phrtgt gtcc ck pc pcik ikgg auei auei?? ai ehksifuikzi ckgttisi risi trgspgriktc. Uc rcedcimhkh uhlckc ehlpitctcvc, mckglcec, risphksgjcac,  pcikc mc ckczcgtcvi i mc cmii, gvvirsc gm hfkc nhsscaczzgzchki kifac gljctc miaai vieedci prheimuri, glgktc miaag khvctà. ]utth ecú dg mic aclctc2 ag Mph khk ä mc ngecai rigaczzgzchki im ä elq mistckgtg g ristgri ecrehsercttc g aclctgtc gljctc lgkgfircgac? ä ngecai geeusgri ag Mph mc issiri issikzcgalikti ukh strulikth pir cktikscncegri ag prsschki miaa–clprisg suaa–ckmcvcmuh. Ag Mph eireg ca lgx snruttglikth mic lgkgfir gttrgvirsh ca  prckecpch mc ukg snrikgtg ehlpitczchki ckmcvcmugai. Ag seuhag lhtcvgzchkgacstg mikukecg c aclctc mc ukh strulikth tish gm gppcgttcri fac hjcittcvc  pirshkgac mic lgkgfir lgkgfir sufac hjcittcvc fi fikirgac kirgac miaa–clprisg. miaa–clprisg. Ykg virg erisectg miaag  prhnisschkgactà khk puú gvvikcri ck ukg vctg gacikgtg, egrceg mc tikschkc i gksci, rifhagtg ukceglikti mgaag ehlpitczchki ckmcvcmugai. •

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=2  C  =  prrc c kec c pgac  lhm i  aac  mc

c hrrf  fgkczzgzchki gzcikmg g ai  

Gkshnn i Jrgkmikjurf tihrczzgkh ca pgssgffch ivhautcvh miaa–clprisg gttrgvirsh = lhmiaac purc mc hrfgkczzgzchki2 hrfgkczzgzchk i2 nukzchkgai, mcvcschkgai, pir prhfitth, g lgtrcei. Uhkh Uhk h = str strutt utturi uri mc ehlpai ehlpaissc ssctà tà erisei eriseikti kti,, hfkukh hfkukh ä ehstru ehstructh cth pir lgsscl lgssclczz czzgri gri a–innc a–innceci ecikzg kzg hrfgkczzgtcvg, lg rcehkhseikmh edi c erctirc mc tgai inncecikzg vgrcgkh ck nukzchki mia ehktisth ck euc hpirg a–clprisg. C EZC]IZC MC INNCECIKRG shkh ck  qugkmh hrmcki2 c acviaac C. Ehrrcsphkmi gaai ehkmczchkc mc stgjcactà acviaac i ai egrgttircstcedi egrgttircstcedi miaag  prhmuzchki(prhmhttc i gequcriktc)rclgkfhkh riagtcvglikti stgjcac kia tilph. CC. Ehrrcsphkmi gaai ehkmczchkc mc iagstcectà hpirgtcvg, qugkmh a–hrfgkczzgzchki sc trhvg kiaag kieissctà mc miecmiri lutgliktc lutgliktc rgpcmc im innceciktc kic acviaac mc prhmuzchki. CCC. Zcsphkmi gaai ehkmczchkc mc iagstcectà strgtifceg, qugkmh a–gzcikmg mivi rigfcri gc lutgliktc edi cktirvikfhkh kic egrgttirc qugactgtcvc miaag prhmuzchki. C^. Uc mitirlckg mc nrhkti gaag kieissctà mc uk egljcglikth ehstgkti i cstctuzchkgaczzgth miaai strutturi, prhvhegth prhvhegth mg ehktck ehktckuc uc i prhnhkmc prhnhkmc lutgliktc lutgliktc miaag tiekhahfcg tiekhahfcg i mic ehktrhaac ehktrhaac mia prheissh prhmuttcvh. Liktri c prclc 5 frgmc mc inncecikzg rcsphkmhkh gaa–iscfikzg mc gmifugrsc g lutgliktc ecrehsercttc i riagtc ria gtcvgl vglikt iktii privim privimcjc cjcac, ac, ca = erctir erctirch ch phki phki a–gzci a–gzcikmg kmg kiaag kiaag eh ehkmc kmczch zchki ki mc sgpir sgpir gnnrhk gnnrhktgr tgrii ukg lhatipacectà ehktckug mc egljcgliktc strutturgac khk privimcjcac g prchrc. A–cphtisc mc Gkshnn i Jrgkmikjurf ä edi iscstg ukg fikirgai ehrrcsphkmikzg nukzchkg nukzchkgai ai trg c erctirc mc inncecikzg i c = lhmiaac purc mc hrfgkczzgzchki. =.7 2 Lhmiaah nukzchkgai

I– edcglgth nukzchkgai piredã hfkc ruhah mc ehlgkmh ehrrcsphkmi gm ukg nukzchki prisikti kia  prheissh prhmuttcvh. Uhtth ag mcrizchki fikirgai vc shkh mc khrlg 5 mcrizchkc2 ifac gequcstc, miaag  prhmuzchki i miaai vikmcti. Gaai ahrh mcpikmikzi vc shkh gatri grii mc ehlgkmh vcg vcg + rcstritti lg silpri sil pri ehrrcs ehrrcsph phkmi kmiktc ktc g spiecn spiecncec cec lh lhlik liktc tc nukzch nukzchkga kgacc mia prheis prheissh sh prhmut prhmuttcv tcvh. h. Gaa–ck Gaa–cktir tirkh kh mc ecgseukg grtcehagzchki vcfi ca prckecpch miaag rcfhrhsg ehrrcsphkmikzg trg grig mc risphksgjcactà i acviaah mc guthrctà. Geegkth g qsti phsczchkc shkh privcstc ruhac mc stgnn ehk ehlpctc mc guscach tiekceh. Egrgttirczzgkh ca lhmiaah a–geeiktrglikth miaai miecschkc ga virtcei, ag rcpitctcvctà i a–gkgahfcg miaai nukzchkc gc vgrc unncec h ripgrtc. =.: 2 Lhmiaah mcvcschkgai

Egrgttirczzg clprisi nhrlgti mg + stgjcacliktc, spissh fihfrgnceglikti mcstgktc, ehk ukg fgllg erisei eri seikti kti mc prhmuz prhmuzchk chkcc i ehk a–isc a–iscfik fikzg zg mc ukg lgffc lgffchri hri iagstc iagstcect ectàà kia miecmi miecmiri ri ai vgrcgz vgrcgzchk chkcc qugktctgtcvi mic prhmhttc. Ca lhmiaah rgffruppg ck mcvcschkc ai vgrci gttcvctà ck jgsi gaag ackig mic  prhmhttc gkzcedã gaai gttcvctà prhmuttcvi i mieiktrg ca phtiri mc fistchki g acviaah mc hfkc mcvcschki. Ai mcvcschkc vikfhkh gnncmgti g mcrcfiktc edi shkh thtgalikti risphksgjcac miaai miecschkc strgtifcedi, gllckcstrgtcvi i hpirgtcvi rcfugrmgktc a–grg g ahrh gssifkgtg. Wsth lhmiaah cktrhmuei uk lhlikth firgredceh-gllckcstrgtcvh ck + ehstctucth mgaag mcrizchki ehlpaitg mc uk prhmhtth h mc ukg ackig mc  prhmhttc. Kia lhmiaah mcvcschkgai ag miaifg mc clphrtgktc grii mc miecschki gaai mcrizchkc mc mcvcschki ehlphrtg edi ag mcrizchki fikirgai eurc shprgttutth ag strgtifcg mc mcvirscncegzchki i mc iqucacjrch mckglceh trg ai mcvcschkc. =.5 2 Lhmiaah pir prhfitth

Wsth lhmiaah kgsei qugkmh ag ehljckgzchki trg ah svcaupph tiekhahfceh i ai eriseiktc iscfikzi c liregth clphki mc agkecgri prhmhttc ehk ukg vctg ehllirecgai + jrivi edi kia pgssgth. Gc

 

 prhfrgllc prhmuttcvc  prhfrgllc prhmuttcvc mc + agrfg segmikzg sc gnncgkegkh gnncgkegkh ehsá mic prhfittc tilphrgalikti minckctc mhvi sc stumcgkh i sc spircliktgkh kuhvc prhmhttc h kuhvc lhmc mc prhmurri. C shff ehckvhatc ck uk  prhfitth sc trhvgkh g pgrtiecpgri g : strutturi gzcikmgac, quiaag cstctuzchkgai mg euc mcpikmhkh pir a–gttcvctà hrmckgrcg i quiaag mia prhfitth ck euc ispaitgkh uk ehlpcth tilphrgkih. A–hrfgkczzgzchki A–hrfgkczzgzc hki pir prhfitth hnnri ca vgktgffch mc issiri naisscjcai, grtcehagtg, phaclhrng, tilphrgkig, mistckgtg g sechfacirsc qugkmh a–hjcittcvh ä rgffcukth. Ehksikti mc rgffcukfiri hjcittcvc  pgrtcehagrlikti ehlpaissc h ckkhvgtcvc, edi mc khk sgrijji phsscjcai gnncmgri gaai strutturi stgjcac, ai qugac mivhkh ehktckugri a–gttcvctà rhutcki. Heehrri uk–hrfgkczz egpgei mc 2 cstctuzchkgac Fgrgktcri ca trgsnirclikth g ehstc lckclgac miaai rcshrsi mgaai sizchkc trgmczchkgac gc prhfittc i mg uk prhfitth gaa–gatrh? Httikiri a–gttcvg ehaagjhrgzchki ehaagjhrgzchki miaai pirshki prhvi prhvikciktc kciktc mgaai mcvirsi sizchkc, ehk mcnniriktc ehlpitikzi, ehlpitikzi, ispircikzi i lhmc mc gnnrhktgri c prhjailc? Uupirgri fac gttrctc jurhergtcec edi phsshkh shrfiri qugkmh ai strutturi trgmczchkgac shkh ckvcgti g ehaagjhrgri pir ehlpctc khk ehksuitc? Miscfkgri ca egph prhfitth (prhbiet lgkgfir) ukceglikti ukceglikti ck jgsi gaag ehlpitikzg  prhnisschkgai i gaag ehlprhvgtg egpgectà mc lhtcvgri i ehhrmckgri gati pirshki? Ngr geeittgri gaai pirshki ehckvhati kic prhfittc ag ehscmmittg ahehlhzchki mc frupph, hsscg ca egljcglikth mc ruhah kia pgssch trg phsczchkc mcrittcvi i phsczchkc sujhrmckgti. Ca prhbiet lgkgfir dg a–cktirg risphksgjcactà mia prhfitth i ki rcsphkmi mcrittglikti gaag mcrizchki eiktrgai. M–gatrg pgrti ag sug phsczchki agtirgai rcspitth gaag strutturg stgjcai rcsedcg mc phrah spissh ck ehknactth ehk c egpc miaai sizchkc g euc mivi rcvhafirsc pir httikiri fac uhlckc i ai rcshrsi kieissgrci. •

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=.= 2 Lhmiaah pir lgtrcei

A–hrfgkczzgzchki g lgtrcei privimi ag shvrgpphsczchki mc ukg strutturg mckglceg pir ehlpctc khk mc rhutcki gaag strutturg cstctuzchkgai mc rhutcki. Wuc c vgrc prhfittc murgkh lhath + g aukfh rcspitth ga lhmiaah pir prhfittc i g ecgseukh mc issc ä priphsth uk unncech mc prhfitth riagtcvglikti stgjcai ehk ehlpctc mc prhlhzchki i mc ehhrmckglikth. Ag khvctà prckecpgai ä edi c mcpikmiktc khk ehaagjhrgkh gm uk shah prhfitth, lg g + prhfittc ehktilphrgkiglikti, ehk ukg siquikzg mc clpifkc  prhfrgllg prhfrgllgtg tg ck gktcecph. gktcecph. Uc httciki httciki ehsá uk khtivhai khtivhai rcspgrlch rcspgrlch mc qugmrc qugmrc spiecgacz spiecgaczzgtc zgtc,, edi khk vikfhkh utcaczzgtc ehktckugtcvglikti ck ukg shag gttcvctà, lg edi ruhtgkh g tilph pgrzcgai kic vgrc  prhfittc. ^c ä pirú uk prhjailg mc ahfhrch i mc striss mhvuth ga ehktckuh ruhtgri ruhtgri mic ehlpctc. Gatrh ngtthri mc tikschki tikschki ä mgth mgaag silpri + lgregtg lgregtg mcstckzchki trg trg risphksgjcactà i phtiri. Mg ukg rceireg mc Fillca i Vcailhk su gaeuki gzcikmi nhrkctrcec miaag KGUG edi gmhttgkh khmiaac g lgtrcei, rcsuatg edi sc phsshkh mcstckfuiri 9 tcpc mc phtiri gzcikmgai2 a–guthrctà nhrlgai ― ca phtiri mc rcehlpiksg ― ca phtiri pukctcvh ― ca phtiri prhnisschkgai ― i ca phtiri rinirikti(mircvgkti rinirikti(mir cvgkti mga siksh mc cmiktcncegzchki cmiktcncegzchki mic sujgatirkc ehk ca ahrh egph). C prclc 5 tcpc mc phtiri phtiri ehrrcsphkm ehrrcsphkmhkh hkh gaai phsczchkc phsczchkc mcrittc mcrittcvi vi mc tcph trgmczchk trgmczchkgai gai lg khk g quiaai mia prhbiet lgkgfir ck uk–hrfgkczzgzchki g lgtrcei. Yk juhk prhbiet lgkgfir mhvrijji aclctgrsc gm isirectgri shah ca phtiri mircvgkti mgaa–ispircikzg prhnisschkgai, mga pristcfch i mgaag cmiktcncegzchki mic sujgatirkc ehk ag sug gttcvctà. Lg ca prhbiet lgkgfir ehktckug gm gviri ag risphksgjcactà miaag fistchki mia prhfitth.  Khk ä ngecai agvhrgri ck uk–hrfgkczzgzchki pirikkilikti tilphrgkig, mhvi a–guthrctà khk ä pgrc gaag risphksgjcactà, mhvi ag lgffchr pgrti mic liljrc dg + tissiri mc gppgrtikikzg, ehk ukg iaivgtg ehlpitctcvctà prhnisschkgai, sikzg a–guthrctà ehli pukth mc rcnirclikth i mc prhtizchki. Prhprch pir  qsti egrgtt a–hrfgkczz g lgtrcei khk pritikmi mc issiri ukg nhrlg vgacmg ukcvirsgalikti, lg ä  pcutthsth ukg rcsp gpprhprcgtg g sctugzchkc istrili.

 

 f f 92  Dikry Lcktzjirf2  ai  9  ehkn c c cfurr g g zchkc  hrr f  fgkczzgtcvi  

LCK]RJIZF rgpprisiktg ca tiktgtcvh + hrfgkceh im gljczchsh mifac gkkc –40 mc scstilgri ck uk qugmrh ukctgrch qugmrh ukctgrch ai lhatipacec lhatipacec ckmcegz ckmcegzchkc chkc segturct segturctii mga mcjgttcth mcjgttcth suaag suaag jurhergzcg jurhergzcg,, i mc nhrluagri nhrluagri gatrisá uk lhmiaah edi ckmcedc ai ahfcedi i c vckehac mg rcspittgri qugkmh sc cktikmi prhfittgri ai strutturi cktirki mc hrfgkczzgzchkc ehlpaissi. Ca pr prcl clh h pr prhj hjai ailg lg mc L. ä quia quiaah ah mc mh mhtg tgrs rscc mc ukh ukh st stru ruli likt kth h eh ehke keit ittu tuga gaii ed edii fa facc ehks ehksik iktg tg mc rickti ric ktirpr rpritg itgri ri sieh siehkmh kmh uk ehirikt ehiriktii prckecpc prckecpch h tihrceh tihrceh ca euluah euluah miaai miaai ehkhsei ehkhseikz kzii ehk euc sc ehknrhktg. G qsth sehph usg a– gpprheech jgsgth suaah stumch miaai ehktckfikzi hrfgkczzgtcvi. Wsth Wst h gpprhe gpprheech ech stgjca stgjcacse cseii edi ag str strutt utturg urg hrfgkc hrfgkczzg zzgtcv tcvgg mc uk–cl uk–clpri prisg sg khk ä ncssg ncssg lg vgrcg vgrcg ck nukzchki mia vgrcgri mc ukg sirci mc ngtthrc strgtifcec rcgssulcjcac kiaai mclikschkc, kiaag ehlpaissctà miaag tiekhahfcg i kia frgmh mc privimcjcactà miaa–gljcikti. Ag tihrcg miaai ehktckfikzi ckmcvcmug i spcifg ukg sirci mc ehkkisschkc trg fac spiecncec vgahrc miaai vgrcgjcac shprg ckmcegti i ca lhmh ck euc gaa–cktirkh miaai hrfgkczzgzchkc sc mcvcmi ca agvhrh i sc fgrgktcsei ca ehhrmckglikth miaai pgrtc. Pir issiri httclgai ag prhfittgzchki mc uk–gzcikmg mivi issiri ngttg ck ehrrcsphkmikzg mc gaeuki ehktckfikzi rcehkhsecuti ehli strgtifcedi. A–ckscili mc qsti ckmcegzchkc ehstctucsei ag prilissg su euc Lcktzjirf ehstrucsei ag sug gkgacsc. Ug mg uk agth heehrri supirgri ca vieedch prckecpch edi phstuag uk shah lhmh httclgai i gstrgtth mc hrfgkczzgri ai gzcikmi, mgaa–gatrh agth jcshfkg gkedi rcncutgri ag tisc edi ai nhrli hrfgkczzgtcvi  phsshkh issiri seiati ck lhmh acjirh i grjctrgrch. L. gnnirlg ckviei edi jcshfkg pirvikcri gm ukg tirzg phsczchki, quiaag siehkmh euc ag seiatg miaai nhrli mivi hjjimcri gm ukg ahfceg scstilgtceg i rcfhrhsg, jgsgtg suaag rceireg miaag ehirikzg trg ai vgrci pgrtc2 fac iailiktc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki mivhkh issiri seiatc ck lhmh mg rgffcukfiri uk–grlhkcg h ukg ehirikzg cktirkg, i ga ehktilph gkedi ukg ehirikzg mc nhkmh ehk ag sctugzchki miaa–gzcikmg. Ui sc rcspittg qstg ehirikzg sc pirvciki g miaai ehkncfurgzchkc hrfgkczzgtcvi, hsscg mic lhmiaac ehlpaiss ehlp aisscc i ehlpaitc ehlpaitc mc nukzchkg nukzchkglikt likth. h. Wsti Wsti ehkncfurg ehkncfurgzchkc zchkc shkh 9 (vimc mhph mhph ck mittgfach) mittgfach),, hfkukg ä ehstctuctg mg uk ckscili ehirikti i hrfgkceh mc egrgttircstcedi edi ag rikmhkh  pgrtcehag  pgrt cehagrlikt rliktii gmgttg gmgttg gm gnnrhktgr gnnrhktgrii ukg mgtg sctugzchk sctugzchki. i. Ai ehkncfurgz ehkncfurgzchkc chkc shkh echä miaai nhrli g euc ai gzcikmi pirvikfhkh tikmikzcgalikti ck uk prheissh mc riecprheh gmgttglikth trg ag prhprcg strutturg im c ngtthrc sctugzchkgac ehk euc sc ehknrhktgkh. 7.

U]ZY]]YZG UILPACEI2  ca lieegkc lieegkcslh slh mc ehhrmckglikth ehhrmckglikth + iailiktgri ä quiaah miaag supirvcschki mcrittg, isifuctg mga virtcei edi geeiktrg ai vgrci nukzchkc. Ag ehkncfurgzchki edi ki mircvg ä quiaag mc ukg strutturg silpacei, edi pir nukzchkgri khk dg jcshfkh mc  jurhergzcg, kã stgnn. I — mcnnusg kiaai gzcikmi + pceehai, ck quiaai kuhvi, lg gkedi ck quiaai gat gatgli glikti kti egrcs egrcslgt lgtced cedii khkedã khkedã kiaai kiaai ehscm ehscmmit mitti ti hrfgkc hrfgkczz zz scktit scktitced cedi, i, ec echä hä nhrtil nhrtilikt iktii geeiktrgti edi ehhrmckgkh ehhrmckgkh fac snhrzc ck ukg sctugzchki jrivi im ieeizchkgai. :. JYZHEZGRCG LIEEGKCEG2 qugkmh ehk ag erisectg miaa–gzcikmg ag supirvcschki mcrittg khk ä + sunncecikti, sc pgssg gm uk lieegkcslh mc ehhrmckglikth jgsgth suaag stgkmgrmczzgzchki mic mic pr prhe heis issc sc agvh agvhrg rgtc tcvc vc.. Ag pg pgrt rtii mi miaa aa–h –hrf rfgk gkcz czzg zgzc zchk hkii ck ckeg egrc rceg egtg tg mc qsth qsth ehlp ehlpct cth h ä ag tiekhstrutturg, hsscg a–ckscili mic tiekcec edi sc heeupgkh mc prhfrgllgzchki, gkgacsc mic tilpc i lithmc, minckczchki miaai prheimuri mc agvhrh. Ag ehkncfurgzchki hrfgkczzgtcvg virsh euc spckfi a–gzchki miaag tiekhstrutturg ä ag jurhergzcg lieegkceg. Wstg dg gvuth ag sug lgssclg mcnnuschki sthrceg kiaai prhmuzchkc ckmustrcgac mc frgkmi sirci, lg hffc sc rctrhvg gkedi gke di kiaag kiaag lgffc lgffch h pgrti pgrti miaai hrfgkczz hrfgkczzgzc gzchkc hkc mc sirvcz sirvczch, ch, mhvi ag lgssg lgssg miaai miaai gtt gttcvc cvctà tà clphki prheimuri stgkmgrmczzgti i rcpitctcvi. ^g shtthackigth edi ag tiekhstrutturg, issikmh uk hrfgkh mc stgnn, ä prcvg mc uk mcritth phtiri firgredceh sua kueaih hpirgtcvh miaag  jurhergzcg lieegkceg. 5.

ck eirtc egsc ca lieegkcslh mc ehhrmckglikth khk sc JYZHEZGRCG PZHNIUUCHKGAI 2

 

isire g su g s gk gr zzgz hki i lh h

gvhrgri lg su g s gk gr zzgegpgectà z hki imici mcpikmiktc. Ucglh ck prisikzg mc ukg tirzg ehkncfurgzchki. Wuc ca kueaih hpirgtcvh ä

 

ehstctucth g prhnisschkcstc mcpikmiktc, edi sc shkh nhrlgtc ga mc nuhrc miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki, edi shkh stgtc gssuktc ck jgsi gm ukg vircnceg ckczcgai miaai ahrh egpgectà i edi hpirgkh ehk vgstc lgrfckc mc mcserizchkgactà i mc ckczcgtcvg pirshkgai. Is/hspimgac i seuhai. Wsth tcph mc  jurhergzcg hpirg g mcritth ehktgtth ehk ca pujjaceh, ehk ag ehksifuikzg edi c sckfhac shff shkh ehktrhaagtc + mgfac utiktc edi khk mgaa–hrfgkczzgzchki h mgc ehaaifdc. Zcedcimi gkedi a–iaivgth svcaupph mc ukh stgnn mc supphrth, ckegrcegth mc prhvvimiri gc sirvczc i gaai kieissctà nukzchkgac mia kueaih hpirgtcvh. UHAYRCHKI MC^CUCHKGAI2 ca lieegkcslh mc ehhrmckglikth ehkscsti kiaag stgkmgrmczzgzchki mic rcsuatgtc. Ag pgrti miaa–hrfgkczzgzchki edi ehrrcsphkmi g qsth lieegkcslh ä ag ackig firgredce firg redcegg cktirlimc cktirlimcgg i ag ehkncfurg ehkncfurgzchk zchkii hrfgkczz hrfgkczzgtcvg gtcvg edi ki rcsuatg rcsuatg ä ehstctuctg ehstctuctg mgaag shauzc sha uzchki hki mcvcs mcvcschk chkgai gai,, gmht gmhttgt tgtgg kiaai kiaai gzcikmi gzcikmi mc frgkmc frgkmc mclik mcliksch schkc kc ehk uk liregt liregth h itirhfikih. Fhmi mc uk–glpcg guthkhlcg cktirkg edi rcfugrmg ai strutturi g euc ag mcrizchki eiktrgai gnncmg mifac sehpc mg rgffcukfiri. 9. GMDHEZGRCG 2 a–uatclh lieegkcslh mc ehhrmckglikth ehhrmckglikth ä quiaah miaa–gmgttglikth miaa–gmgttglikth riecprheh, uk lieegkcslh khk firgredceh, istrilglikti cknhrlgai i cllimcgth. A–gspitth pgrgmhssgai ä edi ag silpac silpacect ectàà miaa–g miaa–gmgt mgttgl tglikt ikth h riecpr riecprhe heh h gppgr gppgrii pgrtce pgrtcehag hagrli rlikti kti nukzc nukzchkg hkgai ai kiaai kiaai hrfgkczzgzchkc + ehlpaissi ehk ehlpctc khk mc rhutcki. A–gmdhergzcg ä egrgtt mg uk kueaih lhath gnncgtgth mc spiecgacstc gm gatg shncstcegzchki, ehk ehlphrtgliktc khk nhrlgac, gssikzg mc firgredcg firgredcg,, lgkegkzg lgkegkzg mc stgkmgrmc stgkmgrmczzgz zzgzchki, chki, prhkukecg prhkukecgtg tg gttctumck gttctumckii gaag ispahrgzc ispahrgzchki hki mc shauzchkc su pirehrsc khk priminckctc. =.

G]]IKRCHKI 2 LGKEGKH AG PZCLG PGZ]I MIA ]IU]H JHKGRRC (WYIU]CHKI CKMYU]ZCGAI) I AG ]IZRG PGZ]I (WYIU]CHKI HZFGKCRRG]C^G). CKMYU]ZCGAI) HZFGKCRRG]C^G).