Steingass/Allen Arabic Dictionary

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ltC(ff ENGLISH-ARABIC DICTIONARY.

FOB THE USE OF BOTH

TRAVELLERS AND STUDENTS.

STANFORD LIBRARIES

BY

F. STEINGASS, Ph.D., OF THE UNIVERSITY OP MUNICH,

LONDON : W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE, PALI. MALL. S.W. PUBLISHERS TO TH^ INDIA OFFICE.

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PREFACE.

The object of this book is clearly indicated by the title : it is intended to be a companion to the Traveller who visits the Bast for pleasure or business purposes, and a help to the advanced Student who begins to translate from English into Arabic. In the interest of the Traveller, therefore, primary regard is paid to the modern idiom, as it is spoken at the present day, principally in Egypt - and Syria. For the benefit of the Student, on the other hand, to still greater extent, recourse has been had to the literary and even poetical Vocabulary ; nay, in order to give a fuller idea of the character and richness of this remarkable language, numerous words have been inserted which belong to various slang dialects, as, for instance, the nicknames given to the principal necessaries of life in the Tufaili dialect. Any reader versed in these studies will, therefore, on close examination, find a great deal of curious and useful information condensed in this comparatively small volume. Guided by the idea that the task of a Dictionary is to supply those etymological facts which cannot be taught by the Grammar, the Author has excluded regular forms of inflexion, but carefully recorded €he irregular plurals of nouns and adjectives, both in the Arabic and Roman

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IV PREFACE.

character, and given in full the Aorists of verbs after the Preterites, in transliteration, both of them in the third person singular. On the above-stated principle, he might have dispensed with the Aorists of the derived forms, and of quadriliteral verbs, as these are regularly formed from their Preterites. To enhance the usefulness of the book, however, it appeared advisible to give those Aorists also. He who studies the language, not from a scholarly point of view, but for practical ends, can scarcely be expected always to remember the rules for the formation of this class of v \vords, and will be glad to find them ready to hand. At the same time, the knowledge of the Aorists enables him to form from them the active and passive participles, or, in the parlance of the Arabic Grammarians, the nouns of the " Agent" and "Patient"; and thus it became feasible to pass over a great many words, which in English are either originally participles, or nouns derived from verbs by the syllables -er, -or, -tor, &c. The Arabic for such words has, therefore, only been given when they have a particular form or a particular meaning of their own. A few examples will illustrate this. On page 1 of the present volume we find the words Abandoned, Abashed, Abet, Abide. The rules* for the

* These rules are :— The Agent of a triliteral verb follows the measure JcU fdHl, that is to say, the first consonant of the root is pronounced with a, the second with i. Its Patient follows the measure Jy** maf'iil, viz. the syllable ma is placed before the root, whose first consonant is pronounced without a vowel, whUst the second takes 11. From derived forms and quadriliteral verbs the two participles are obtained by changing the initial yn or ya of the Aorist into mu, and pronouncing the last consonant but one with i («) tor the Agent, with a (a) for the Patient. Compare the examples, mdkis, matrdk, ntuddivim, muslaaun, muhajjal, given above.

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HiEFACE. V formation of the Agent and Patient teach us that "abandoned," in the sense of "forsaken," would be matruk ; in the sense of "given over," musallam. Therefore only the meaning of " profligate " has been rendered into Arabic. From the verb hajjal, " he abashed," the participle mahajjal is regularly derived ; but besides that, the form hajldn is in use, and has consequently been mentioned as an equivalent. From the Arabic Preterite makas or the Aorists yastaqim, yuddwim, the active participles, mdkis, musta^vm 9 muddwim, are as easily

formed as the English " abiding " from the infinitive " to abide " ; and if the Reader knows that the Arabic word yuharrilc means " he abets " or " incites," he will not have the slightest difficulty in translating the English word "abettor" by muharrik. By this appeal to the spontaneous mental activity of an intelligent Student space has been gained for a far greater number of words, both English and Arabic, than otherwise could have been comprised in a volume of the same size. With regard to the sources from which this Dictionary has been compiled, the Author was not contented to consult and to follow the works of a similar scope, which have appeared in France, Germany, and in this country, but he has largely supplemented the information thus gathered by extensive reading of the best Arabic writers up to the present day. Not only Hariri and the Arabian Nights have amply contributed to this little volume, but the works of contemporary authors, as Nasif-al-Yaziji, Dr. Bustani, Faris-el-Shidiac, &c, Manuals in different branches of knowledge, written by natives, and translations

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VI PREFACE. from European standard books into Arabic, have afforded valuable assistance. Unfortunately the whole of the manuscript was in the hands of the publishers before Dr. Badger's great Dictionary came out, and during the ensuing year, while the printing was unavoidably delayed, the -Author's time was fully taken up in preparing an Arabic-English Dictionary, on a vastly enlarged plan (now in the Press) ; so that, to his very great regret, he could not avail himself of the substantial help which this important work undoubtedly would have lent him. Nobody can be more keenly alive to the imperfections of this book than the Author, and he will be thankful for any hint which fair and intelligent criticism may have to offer him, with a view to future corrections and improvements in another edition. Still, as it is, he ventures to hope that he has, in a certain measure, supplied a real want ; and he will feel himself amply rewarded for the care and labour bestowed on it, if it affords aid and wins friends to the study of a language which not only possesses great beauties of its own, and a rich literature, but which will also become of more and more practical importance to Englishmen, as the Eastern policy of the empire follows out its destinies — let us hope, not in narrow-minded hostility

to, but in friendly and mutually advantageous alliance with, the Muhammadan World. F. STEINGASS. London, September 13th 1882, on the day of the Battle of TeUel-Kebir.

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TRANSLITERATION.

The Arabic letters have, in this volume, been transliterated as follows : — t a, i, u, at the beginning of a word (see the remark on the Hamzah below). v> b. «> t. **> §. Pronounced like the English th in thing. * JC fc. A guttural aspirate, stronger than h. t h. Pronounced like the Scotch ch in loch. * d. * z. Pronounced like the English th in that, with. a- s. v> sh. Pronounced like the English sh in shut. \f 8. Strongly articulated %. v> d. Similar to the English th in this. t %. Strongly articulated palatal t. I Z. Strongly articulated palatal z. £ '. Strong guttural, the pronunciation of which must be learnt bv the ear. t g.

sJ £. J q. *> k. J L f* m. O n. » h. > w. The Hamzah has not been marked at the beginning of a word, where it has always the Alif for a prop, r and is pronounced as a, i, u, preceded by a very slight aspiration, like h in the English word " honour." The vowel signs have been rendered by a f or - , i f or t , « for — ; the long vowels by a for \— , — , or "\ , i for ^7 , 6 for the feminine termination 8- by a-t, in which cases the final letters are joined to the

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Vlll TRANSLITERATION. 1 todies of the words by a hyphen, +o show that in modern Arabic they are not to be pronounced, unless the two former are followed by a feminine or plural termination, or the feminine noun in 5— is placed in a state of construction with a pronominal suffix, or another noun preceded by the article.

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AN

ENGLISH -ARABIC DICTIONARY.

A.

A, indef. curt, frequently expressed by 8 (fern, term.) subjoined to a generic noun, as, y*$ samar, "fruit "; ly» samara-t, "a fruit." Aback, adv. (backwards) \y wara; \ja {$+ min wara. — (by surprise) &± ta'azzal, yata'azzal ; Jy»\ i'tazal, ya'tazU. Abdication, s. Jtysrf i'tizal; Jy nuziil ; Jj^» tanazul ; dJ tark. Abdomen, s. &\+ ma'na-t (pi. «w\ -at, yfy mu'un, tfy mu'un). Abduction, s. s-«i~ salb ; *-&*> hatf. Aberration, a. J)U \) zad, yazid. Accumulate, v.a. f& kawwam, yukawwim ; £ y fard (pi. *ty fir&d) ; ^ ass. Ache, *. &* waja' (pi. £Wj wija', £W^ auja').

/an, yal'an ; ^H

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Ache, v. g*f tawajja', yatawajja 4 ; £f1 ittaja', yattaji*. Achieve, v. J*£ kammal, yukammil ; p

> tammam, yutam-

mim. Achievement, a. £** + * 'ajiba-t (pi. s-iW* 'ajayib) ; Sa***- tainida-t (pi. J«W bamayid). Acid, adj. J^^ hamid; {j~fo naqis ; y**+ ma4ir. Acidity, a. &>y*** Ijamuda-t. Acidulate, v. ^fi+* hammad, yuhammid. Acknowledge, v. j*\ aqarr, yuqirr ; f* 'ulum). Acquiesce, v. ^j ra4a, yarda; J*s qabil, yaqbal; J J**^ imtagal H, yamtasil. Acquiescence, a. J**J qabiil ; \*j rida ; s }\*j+\ imtisal. Acquire, v. ** na'at (pi. &f> mi'ut). Adjectively, adv. *Vs*j na'atan. Adjoin, v. && lasiq, yalsaq ; J-°j wasal, yasil ; J-*\ ittasal, yattasil. Adjoining, see Adjacent. Adjourn, v. f*\ ahhar, yu'ahhir ; J$M amhal, yunihil; ^J^ hazaf, yahzif. Adjournment, 8.j*£-*\* ta'hir ; JW^ imhal ; hakam li, yahkum. Adjudication, s. (*£*» hukm (pi. p\&»\ aJ^kani); &*•)&> j^ukuina-t.

Adjunct, *. *ty>> sarik (pi. *fJ\ya»\

a£rak, *V^a £uraka) ; s-s^ nayib (pi. s-»V nuwwab). Adjunction, *. *sMjsM i^tirak. — (addition) to\*\ idafa-t. Adjure, v. a^W *JLc ^— *\ aqsam ale-hi bi-'llah-i, yuqsim ; J^U naiad, yuntUid. Adjust, v. s-^> rattab, yurattib; (& nazzam, yunazzim; (j&U» (abaq, yutabiq. Adjustment, «. s-**>/ tartib ; pjttf tangira. Adjutant, *. w-**# naqib (pi. %& nuqaba) ; s-«4^ nayib (pi. v*V nuwwab) ; gjl** mu'awin. Administer, v. ji* dabbar, yudabbir ; (*£*- hakam, yahkum ; ^L. sas, yasus. — (physics) gJ^c 'alaj, yu'alij. Administration, «. ^trfJtf tadbir; £~W~ siyasa-t. Administrator, s. ^-a* mudabbir ; J-^5 wakil (pi. W* wukala). Admiral, s. j**J\ y*A amir al-bahr ; )^\ u-tsij raiyis al-bahr. Admiralty, s. j^\ ty+\ imarat albahr; j^\ S)VtJ naza'ra-t albahr. Admirable, adj. s « c » f* 'ajib. Admiration, «. s-*%c 'ajab ; s-^v^ ta*ajjub; s-'W*^^ isti'jab. Admire, v. ta'ajjab min, yata'ajjab. Admirer, *. s «■»**'• muta'ajjib. — — (lover) (JaAc *aiiq. Admissible, adj. JA yuqbal (3 aor. pass.) ; Jj*** maqbiil. Admission, «. ( dahhal, yudahhil; adhal, yudhil. — (allow, grant) J*S qabil, yaqbal. Admittance, «. J^a\ idhal ; J*-*> dahl; Jy^J duhM. Admix, v. U* halat, yahlut ; ^» mazaj, yamzaj. Admixture, s. WU. hilt (pi- WU.^ ahlat) ; l»to.^ ihtilat.

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Adm]

[Adv

Admonish, v. g* nagah, yan?ah ; kcj wa'ag, ya'iz ; &V nabbah, yunabbih. Admonition, 8. &*$ wa'aga-t ; *>U^ ir£ad ; s-***y targib. Ado, 8. \tjk gauga ; &*& galgala-t ; v T >y B -fc\ ld^irab. Adolescence, 8. &dtj** 6abubiya-t. Adolescent, adj. 8. s^» &ibb (pi. (j)W* Subban, s>W*\ a^bab, &«a £ababa-t) ; s^j** 6abub. Adopt, v. (a son) ^^ tabanna, yatabanna; *U*\ kteA ittahaz-hu abnan, yattahiz ; ^S\ izzahar,

yazzahir. — (an opinion) {$~* &* tahassan, yatahassan ; j\&\ ihtar, yah tar. Adoption, «. ^j^s tabanni ; £*•**> tabniya-t ; oL_*^ ittihaz ; S^ S^mU^ banuwa-t az-zahira-t. Adorable, adj. *p** ma'bud ; S*>V^—J\ s-«**\j wajib as-sajada-t. Adoration, 8. SoLx 'ibada-t ; foV^* sajada-t ; *>?*~» sujud. Adore, v. J ^- sajad li, yasjid ; a*c 'abad, ya'bud. Adorn, v. q\) zan, yazin ; &) zayyan, yuzajyin ; jy zawwaq, yuzawwiq. Adornment, *. &># tazwin ; j^j zawaq ; Ujjdj zuhruf . Adript, adv. ^W bi-'l-'aum ; "U*Vc 'ayim-an. Adroit, adj. £>\* Satir (pi. ;VLdi Suftar) ; j^-J labiq ; y^^ mahir. Adroitness, 8. SjUa satara-t ; &W* labaqa-t ; ij\&» mahara-t ; &^** ma'rifa-t ; Sal haffa-t. Adulation, 8. «J*U> tamliq ; &&Ay muwajaha-t ; j**+i* taba^bu?. Adulatory, adj. U . ? .- mutamalliq ; &*Ay muwajih. Adult, £JW balig. Adulterate, v. ^ zawwar, yuzawwir; JuJ^ afsad, yufsid; u^ gasS, yagusS. Adulteration, 8. ol— -i\ if sad ; *>t-J fasad ; foy tazwir. Adulterer, 8. u ; \) zani (pi. **>^j zunat).

Adultery, s. Uj zina ; nasayih) ; j^» Saur (pi. j\^»\ aswar). Advisable, adj. ba'id ; »***» &• min ba'id. Affability, «. «-J&J lu$f ; &UJ latafa-t; jUW £y~ sahulat alahlaq; I&Xa* ba$a£a-t. Affable, adj. ^J^ halim; «-Aj^ la$if ; {j~t*\ anis ; vr 1 ^ ba$us\ Affair, *. y\ amr (pi. jy\ umur) ; **^ fcaja-t (pi. «>V^ hajat, &Ubaj, ^fjo* hawayij); jj*A gugl, &gl (pi. JV^*-^ asgaf, Jj-*-a Sugul). Affect, v. (influence) f\ a§§ar, yuassir. — (touch, move) *» hannan, yuhannin; y* mnwadda-t ; &*a^» muhabba-t. Affectionate, adj. *>«*>* wadud ; Ok** safiq ; s-^y« mufcibb ; «^>Wj wadadi-y. Affiance, v. s ^ hatab, yah^ub ; haftab, yuhattib; ^U \ ahzan, &#* huzun) ; +k gamm (pi. fy>± gumum) ; h\± kaba-t. Afflictive, adj. fA+ mugimm ; )}\y\ amwal) ; £~) wusa* ; W sarwa-t ; ^ kasra-t ; *Vj rahaC Affluent, adj. ^^ gani ; jh\) wafir ; J*«W jazil ; ^ kasir. Afford, v. s-a^ wahab, yahab; Jac «ata, ya*ti. — (be able) j dahr (pi. ^t duhur) ;' f* 'a§r (pi. j\**\ a'sar, jr o* 'u§ur). Aged, ad/- jj%& 'ajuz ; j\#&\ ihtiyar ; (^— - musinn; y~l\ «j* ^U» ta'in fi-'s-sinn. Agency, s. &\*) wakala-t; 2L+\j wasita-t. Agent, 8. Jefj wakil (pi. ^ wukala) ; J*U f a'il ; J*& 'arnil. Aggrandise, v. y4 kabbar, yu-

kabbir ; ^ 'azzam, yu'azzim ; £~j wassa', yuwassi' ; J* *>\j zad 'ala, yazid. Aggrandisement, s. j#t& takbir; (*}*o ta'gim, fr-f tausi'; ^)\ izdiyad.

Aggravate, v. (make mine) J* gaqqal, yusaqqil ; *Uj\ p* sayyar arda, , yusayyir. — (make angry) s~aM agdab, yugtjib; l\t\ agaz, yugiz. Aggravation, 8. && saqla-t ; *+>\*t\ igdab. Aggregate, v. a. g**. jama', yajma' ; rf kawwam, yukawwim. Aggregate, Aggregation, e. £+*jam' ; ^y£> takwim ; &W jumla-t. Aggress, v. (*+* haiam, yabjum ; J**> hamal, ya^mil. Aggression, 8. fy+* hujum ; 8U*> hamla-t. Aggressive, adj. ^J^ta* muta'addi. Aggressiveness, 8. ^a** ta'addi. Aggressor, 8. j*»Aa hajim ; ^J^a* muta'addi ; l* badi. Aggrieve, v. s-»«^ 'azzab, yu'azzib ; Qf»\ afczan, yuhzin ; ^ galam, yaglim. (See Afflict.) Aghast, adj. ^\^ hainin. Agile, adj. ^ na^H ; J^^ *ajil ; JUa. ^amlal; U^As. hafif (pi. ^V&s. hifaf , *J\*±\ ahfaf , UU ahif^ a ) ; &r* 8ar ^ (P^ o^r* s ury^ M ittihad ; SjutU* mu'ahada-t. AoRiciTLTURE, 8. &*&> f alaha-t ; ,/)» ^ taflih al-ard; Wjj zara'a-t ; #\^- harasa-t. Agriculturist, *. c^* fallal ; *±>^ fcaris (pi. s±>\jcw hurras) ; £j\) zari' (pi. f^j zurra'). Aground, adj. (on the ground) J* ijbft 'ala-'l-ard. — (run ashore) glSjfc garqan. Ague, «. fy\* ^j-*^ humma dayira-t. Ahead, adv. ^J* quddam; ^abJ li-quddam. Aid, v. q)\* 'awan, yu'awin ; q\b\ a'an, yu'in; J^U. sa'ad, yusa'id; U u u.\ as'af, yus'if. Aid, 8. (jjjc'aun; &j** ma' una- 1; &jU* mu'awana-t ; &^ i'ana-t ; SjkcL-^ musa'ada-t ; 8& ? \-~ * uiusa.'afa-t ; »>J^ madad. Ail, v.a. &-> wajja', yuwajji' ; n. Q*f tawajja', yatawajja*. Ailing, Ailment, s. g*j waja* (pi. gW-^ auja«) ; J>f mard (pi. ^UM amrad) ; &* 'illa-t (pi. «*& 'illat, JU 4 ilal). Aim, v. (design) *-* qasad, yaqsid ; a— a a,» taqas?ad, yataqassad. — (fake aim) q^ ±±\ ahaz ni&in, jahuz ; jf» harrar, yuharrir. Aim, 8. (design) & my a-t ; A*i qasd ; **\f murad ; a-Su maqsad

(pi. a*V*» inaqasid) ; y^* garad (pi. J>\£\ agrad).— (target) ^i**> hadf (pi. u\*t\ ahdaf); \ angam). — (mien, aspect) }&• manzar (pi. JL\j* manazir); **j wajh (pi. tp\ ujuh, »^ aujuh, 6^ wujuh). Air, v. ^y* hawwa, yuhawwt ; &j rayyah, yurayyih. Airy, adj. ^^ hawayi-y. Akin, ai;. s-4^5 qarib (pi. ^\ aqriba) ; s-^—> naaib (pi. W*\ ansiba). Alabaster, «. u±ts^ /•/• marmar abyad ; ^ ruham. Alacrity, «. jy» 6auq (pi. j>\y*\ a^waq) ; ^A* naiat ; S^c gaira-t (pl.^tgiyar). Alarm, v. ^y^ hawwaf , yuhawwif ; g)i fazza 4 , yufazzi* ; \ ah; »^ wan, *Va^

wahan. Album, «. Z&y±^+ rnajuiu'a-t. Albumen, s. j±*J\ u*W bay ad albed. Alchemist, s. W*^ &\*> sani* kimiva. Alchemy, a. U »^\ ^lc ^m al-kiniiya. Alcohol, s. Jj**\ ^ ruh al- c araq. Alcoholic, adj. ^^ nihi-y. Alcove, «. £>-a* madja* (pi. ^^« niadaji 4 ) ; l*i qubba-t (pi. s-»W* qibab, s-^i qubab) ; ^ hidr (pi. j)j* 'ar^ (pi. ^^ 'arii^). Alderman, s. &* ^aih (pi. ty** suyuh). Ale, 8. Sj^ buza-t. Alert, adj. (vigilant) &*+* nabih ; &** - * *• muntabih; uHt^- haris; j±*> hazir. — (active, nimble) 1**J naiit. Alertness, 8. £ - a I-.-j nabaha-t; b\+*\ intibdh ; tUi nasa^. Algebra, s. aJl^UJ^ rf ^ s 3\ ^Jc 'ilm al-jabr wa-'l-muqabala-t.

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Am]

11

[AlL

v->U*U afamat) j oV quti-y;

Alien, *. s-j/ garib (pi. ^ guraba. Alienate, v. {-property) £^ ba', yabi' ; ^tt Jtf naqal ila, yanqul ; J^ hawwal, yuhawwil. — {the mind) J& naffar, yunaffir; »*«t\ &* ab'ad 'an, yub'id. Alienation, *. **\f* hawala-t; £U* naqla-t ; £«jL* mubaya'a-t. — {aversion) ijU naf ra-t ; yw tanaffur; Sy^c 'adawa-t, jLa-a £iqaq. Alight, v. Jy nazal, yanzil ; jJ^\ inhadar, yanhadir. Alike, adj. ^L-j^ mutasavi ; J** misl ; J*&« masil ; J>U* muniasil ; a**a sabih ; ^ nagir, J»>U* mu'adil. Aliment, a. «y»* qut (pi. «y\ys\ aq?**); Jf akl; fUL $a'am (pi. ***M at'ima-t, i^U* ma'as. Alimentary, adj «^**a* muqft. Alimony, 8. &tf kalfa-t ; &tf nafaqa-t. Aliquot, 8. J**\j^ *>«xe 'adad mutadahil. Alive, adj. ^ bai-y (pi. W ahya) ; \ irad ; ji/s taqrir. Allege, v. ^\ aurad, yurid ; /* zakar, yazkur ; ^ hitab. Allot, v. f*~* * qasam, yaqsim ; qas-

sam, yuqassim ; ^**- ba^^as, yuha^^if. Allotment, 8. £*»» bi?9a-t (pi. j*** hi^as) ; ^-»— 3 qisma-t. Allow, v. && azan, ya'zan; ^4— samut, yasmuh. — (botb witb *J &***

ijtama' bi, yajtami'. — (by marriage) yfcU sahar, yusahir. Ally, «. JUfcU* mu'ahid ; fjto* muttafiq ; j^a« mutta^id ; «-AjL. fcalif (pi. VaU fculafa). Almanac, *. ^y* taqwim (pi. m^S taqawim); *>V*c!N f*~j& fihrist al - a'yad ; &-^\-Jj« ruzniima-h (Per*.). Almiohtiness, «. &e$\ S^jj qudra-t ilahiya-t. Almighty, aci;. ^ J^ Jc »*>ls qadir 'ala kull se-y; J*N LjU cjabit al-kull. Almighty, *. \)\*? kawwam, ynkawwim. Amateur, a. ^M. gawi (pi. «a>\** guwat); s-JVL talib (pi. *t>&>

tullab) ; ^ h-^j ragib fi. Amatory, adj. \ istibab ; l±&6 ta'qida-t; pi&\ ibbam; ^»%^^ ^/»N 'araba-t al-mura4a wa- 1-niajruhin. Ambuscade, Ambush, 8. &*** kamin; *y. c^ mat rat bftna-t (pi. t^VU ma{arib) J^ kaid.

Ameliorate, v. ^ sallab, yusallib; ^M a^lah, yuslih; £^« sahbah, yusahhih; J^ a'dal, yu'dil. Amelioration, 8. &?** taslih ; t$*>\ islah ; Ji J«? ta'dil. Amen, 8. {$#•} amin. Amenable, adj. (responsible) s-JU>* mu^alab ; Jj*-^ mas' ul. — (governable) &!*• mutf'; •>** yuqad (3 aor. pass.). Amenability, 8. £\ at'ab, yut*ib ; J*\ amall, yumill. Annoyance, s. &b> saqla-t; s-*> ta*ab; u^jA* taiwis ; &%• malala-t. Annoyed, adj. ^Jbj za 4 lan. Annual, adj. ^^u. sanawi-y ; ^J^ bauli-y. Annuity, s. ^y- & *> daf * sanawi-y ; ^y-» sanawiya-t. Annul, v. £*~} nasah, yansah ; JW baUal,yubattil ; JM abtal,yubtil. Annular, adj. j^ mudawwar; ^Ai-^ mustadir; MJ\ J^> bisikl al-halqat. Annulment, s. ^— i nasb; JJ**>Usanadin). Anxiety, *. j*± cjajar ; 8^* dujra-t; ^ qalaq ; ^ hamm (pi. f]+jt> humum). Anxious, adj. s^ 8 -^ mu^tarib ;j»^* mukaddar. — (desirous) ^fat * mu^tabi ; ^ s-^^ ragib fi. Any, adj. q& ^ J* 4 udad). Apparel, 8. ^-^ libs ; &>*) badla-t ; s-»W> siyab or s-»V^ a ? wa b (pi. of Apparel, v. {j~*} labbas, yulabbis ; ^5-^ kassa, yukassi. Apparent, adj. y^Vk zahir; ^-*^ wAdih. Apparition, 8. (phantom) JV^s. hival; obUta'if (pi. u\jL tuwwaf). Appeal, v. y£\ ^U J\ &s^ gj^ rafa* da'watbu ila hakim akbar, yarfa' ; *i>^ gawwas, yugawwis. Appeal, 8. (for mercy) &\**J\ istigasa-t ; y£\ f*X\c* *> g*\j rafi' da'wat-hu. Appellation, a. ^-t ism (pi. U-\ asma, ^U\ asami) ; fin ». l ? tasmiya-t. Appellative, a. u *a^5\ ^ ism aljins. Append, v. &+ ^a. hatt muqantar; S^\jN £«Li qafat ad-da'irat. Arcade, a. a^\^c i^a* §aff 'awamid. Arch, s. lf>j* qausara-t (pi. ^y» [awasir) ; 2^* qantara-t (pi. »U qanatir) ; jU» {aq (pi. SVi\L taqa-t). Arch, a^/. «-A^i zarif ; cJ^y la(if. Arch, prefix, \ at, t^» sah, Cj~ suh) ; S^s—i fusha-t ; &^e 'arsa-t). Arena, *. ^a** maidan; &f*

ma'raka-t (pi. dj** ma'arik). Argue v. (discuss) ^^ bahas, yubahis. — (reason) £*^- hajaj, yuhajij. Argument, s. (controversy) *^^. bahs (pi. v*>W;\ abhas) ; SjtL* munazara-t. — (reason) *^ hujja-t (pi. *i zira' (pi. £)S\ azru') ; J^L. siVid (pi. ±&\y~ sawa'id). Arm, v. A* sallah, yusallih. — (one8tl f) c£~> tasallah, yatasallah. Armament, s. &**f- &\y&r tajhizat harbiya-t. Armistice, s. &*>W* muhadana-t ; 26j\s* mutaraka-t ; t^~^ £*j raf a' as-silah. Armorer, Armourer, s. t&- sallah ; ^asW £U*> sanna* asliha-t. Armory, s. c^~^ &f- hazna-t assilah. Armpit, s. W\ Sju nuqra-t al-ity. Arms, s. yl. t*- silah (pi. £^i~\ asliha-t). — (coat of arms) (*$* s-*~jJ\ 'alayim an-nasab. Abmy, s. W\ ajnad). Aroma, s. &&}) rayiha-t (pi. &\y rawayih) ; f* *atar. Aromatic, adj. }** mu*attar. Aromatics, 8. s-»W a^yab; j^oc *utur ; js*\** *aqaqir ; c^^^iac 'itriya-t. Arouse, v. df* harrak, yuharrik ; *x-3 nabbah, yunabbih. Arraign, ^ ^^\ i^taka 'ala, yastaki; v» f*v taham bi, yatnim. Arraignment, h\£* sikaya-t.

Arrange, v. s-^j rattab, yurattib ; f& nazzam, yimazzim ; W« 'aba, ya 4 bu. Abrangement, 8. s-y/ tartib; f^s tanzim ; p\k& nizam. Arrant, adj. ^ waqih (pi. cVij wiqah) ; i«&- safih (pi. W*-» sufaha). Array, v. ^ wurud ; fytf qudiim. Abbiye, v. J*} wasal, yasil; g* balag, yablu^ ; J**\ aqbal, yuqbil ; *)) warad, yarid. Abbogance, s. j+& takabbur, j&r

tajabbur, j^ 4 atw, 'uttuw. Abbogant, adj. y*£z+ mutakabbir ; j*^z+ mutaj ihbir ; U^*^ muta'ajrif. Abrogate, v. ^j\ idda'a, yadda'i. Abbogation, v. Vcj\ iddi'a. Arrow, s. ,»**• sahm (pi. fW~ siham) ; A»Ui nus^aba-t (pi. s-*^ nussab) ; J-J nabl (pi. JW* nibal). Absbnal, 8. c^utt J* dar as-silah ; A»U*-;> tars-hana (Per*.). — (o/ artillery) #V*jL top-hana. Arsenic, a. £j^j zarnih ; JUJU sulaimani-y. Absenic, Absenical, adj. ^^-afc^j zarnihi-y. Art, 8. i*io san'a-t (pi. gjU-a ganayi') ; (^ fann (pi. (^ funun). — (cunning) &«*> hila-t (pi. Je** $iyal) ; /*• makr. Abtery, 8. (jjVjjA Saryan (pi. u*^;A £arayin) ; ^\j rafiz (pi. y U> rawafiz) ; v^ darib (pi. s->JV* dawarib). Abtful, adj. J6* makkar; JU^* muttal. Artfulness, 8. & -t j &* makariya-t ; JW*^ ihtiyal. Article, s. (clause) iyfr Sart (pi. 1m/i £urut); S^U madda-t (pi. •>ij* mawadd). — (merchandise) cJUo sanaf (pi. ^J^o\ asnaf). — (in grammar) &***H al-ma'rifa-t ; *-A*>«N uy* harf at-ta'rif ; fMj utftf al-alif wi-'l-lam.

Abticle, v. 1>j*> sarat, yasrutAbticulatb, v. 1*5 lafag, yalfig ; b*M\ {fei bayyan al-lafz, yubayyin. Abticulatb, adj. (distinct) &f> sarih ; ^ bayyin. — (jointed) J*a* mufassal.

Abticulatbness, *. I&Att talaffuz ; Wlafz. Abticulation, 8. (distinctness) ^5 talaffuz. — (a joint) J-»A* mafsil (pi. J*^* mafasil). Abtipice, s. &**• hila-t (pi. Jt^ hiyal) ; &**&• makida-t (pi. J^VX* makayid). Abtificeb, Abtisan, *. g>U> sani' ; &cU* s-^^-o sahib sana'a-t (pi. £>UJ\ s-*U»*\ ashab as-sanayi'). Abtificial, adj. ^Ukc\ i§tina'i-y ; tJUc 'amli-y ; £*-*• musanna*. — (fictitious) )fi-" muzawwar, &**• musanna*. Abtillebist, 8. o^^ 9 topji. Abtilleby, s. (guns) s-*^4» t u ^ab (for &£> \Turk.) ; ^aJ\ al-madafi*. — (/Ae U sadij; ^w^ basitAbtlessness, *. ^»W basata-t; Wju. sadaja-t. As, conj, d ka ; J^» migl. Ascend, i?. *^** sa'id, yas*ad; gU» tala', jatlu* ; tali', yatla 4 . Ascendency, s. p±B taqaddum ; s-J^5 tagallub.

Ascension, *. (feast of) £^j^ Jus 'aid al-irtif a' ; ^^\ j^c ^aid assu'ud. Ascent, s. ^^*-> sa'ud, su'ud. — (hill) S^-lfi 'uluwa-t (pi. ^Ac 'alawi-y) ; J? tall (pi. A%> tilal, J^ tuliil). Ascebtain, v. \) zahid. Asceticism, s. *&) zuhd ; SjVaj zahada-t; ^— \ isnad. Ash, *. ^iU«3\ ^UJ ij^jb, sajara-t lisan al-'asafir. Ashamed, adj. ^Vy*- hazyan ; ($%*£■ hajlan ; J^«e» mahjul. — (to be ashamed) J>*> hajjil, yahjal j

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[Ass

»s-\ ista^a, yastahi, s^j

wa'ab, ya'ib; %+>*\s\ itta'ab, yatta'ib. Ashes, 8. *A*; ramad ; £— ©a* safiya-t ; Syu eafwa-t. Ashore, adv. y^\ ^ fi-'l-barr; ^ J^Utf fi-'s-sahil. Ashy, adj. ^^i ramadi-y. — (grey) «j5*W*~ sinjabi-y. Aside, adv. s-^*- ^jl* 'ala jamb ; ±jjk> yas*a. Attempt, *. ^^ sa*i ; J^- jahd ; *>W^ ijtihad; ^ jidd; «**»! qasd. Attend, v. (accompany) s-^-^»

sahab, yusahib. — (be present) ^hadar, yahdur. — (listen to) £+*~\ istama*, yastami 4 ; i*~4 nasat, yan^it. Attendance, s. ;^ hudiir; ^-J^ hidma-t. — (retinue) s-^y* inaukab (pi. s-^\y« mawakib) ; ^A^ hasam.

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Att]

[Aus

Attendant, g. f^W hadim (pi. f*^ huddam, f*j*. hadam, &»J** hadama-t); #U tabi r (pi. gj -un, £*? taba', g»y tawibi 4 .) Attention, g. U»\ i'tina ; J^JB taqayyud ; fUx&\ ihtimam. Attentive, adj. J^ ^ wa'i ^a» 6ahada-t; j\^ iqrar; *jz>IJ\ isbat.

Attic, g. &».Uj fasaha-t. Attire, u. ^-J labbas, yulabbis ; t-£ kasa, yaksu ; ^3 zayyan, yuzayyin. Attibe, g. s^ siyab ; v>y\ aswab ; &i\ zina-t ; hilya-t). Attitude, g. WW hala-t ; &«* hi'a-t ; 5^«i qi'da-t. Attorney, g. J**j vakil (pi. *Kj wukala'). Attorneyship, s. &\f) wakala-t. Attract, v. s-*V jazab, yajzub, yaizib ; v>x^ ijtazab, yajtazib ; s-i* jalab, yajlub, yajlib. Attraction, g. v>^^^.\ istijlab ; v>^J^^ injizab. Attractive, adj. s-JW jalib ; v>»*W jazib. Attractiveness, 8. b^W jaziba-t ; irf^W jazibiya-t. Attribute, v. s-~~ * nasab, yansib. — (grammatically) juu\ asnad, yusnid. Attribute, 8. (quality) &* sifa-t ; £*W hassa-t ; j wasf (pi. «^t*^ ausaf). — (in grammar) > \ » ■■■» musnad. Attune, v. *W Jj* 'addal al-ala-t, yu'addil ; *Mi jla fodd al-autar, yasldd; e^i aslah, yuslih. Auburn, adj. j+~\ asmar, f. \p*■amri (pi. ^4— sumr).

Auction, g. *>yJW &** bai'at bi-'lmazad ; g>^ tahrij ; $\f> baraj. Auctioneer, g. JSj dallal (pi.

^^ dallalin) ; jl~*- samsar (pi. J-.U— samasir). Audacious, adj. (daring) y-W jasir ; jy~* jasur. — (impudent) Msafih ; ^ waqilu Audaciousness, Audacity, g. SjL^ jasara-t; fy* jur'a-t; &&UL. safaha-t. Audible, adj. Zy+~" masmu. Audience, g. (admittance to a hearing) &*&• muqabala-t; &&Ay muwajaha-t; SViJU mulaqat. — (assembly of hearers) j*~ * mas'ud ; J*A* muqbil ; ytt* hair. Austere, adj. ^j^ sarim (pi. rfr* sawarim) ; u~*^ 'abis (pi. u^jfi 'awabis) ; s-*** sa'b. Austerity, a. *M^> sarama-t ; Sja iidda-t ; hj**> sa'uba-t. Authentic, adj. £**»« saljih ; c^l»

sabit; y3&*f muhaqqaq; (jfl*?" mutahaqqaq. Authenticate, v. £*-• sahhah, yusahhih ; VS qadir.

Avarice, 8. &~± hissa-t ; £ !» tama* ; d\~*\ imsak.

Avaricious, ad;. £*»* Tahiti ; Jt^. bahil ; < j ~ jV» mawarid) ; **** manfaz (pi. AiU* manafiz). — (of trees) hy+fi* s'ajariyya-t ; j\^M «~&-o gaff as jar. Aver, v. rf qarrar, yuqarrir; Jtf akkad, yuakkid; burj tuyur (pi. ttf buriij). Avidious, adj. £~&> timmi* ; q\*J* ^arhan ; ^y* haris. Avidity, s. 8*6^ sahwa-t; g4l

tama' ; tVcUi tania^at ; &*\j* saraha-t ; yp^ hirs. Avocation, s. J*a &ugl (pi. JUa\ a^gal); aIaa-. maigala-t (pi. j£U*» masagil). Avoid, v. s-^^\ ijtanab, yajtanib ;

tajannab, yatajannab ; j$ hazar, yahzar; u*f* taharras, yataharras (the last three with Avoidance, s. v»^*Hjtinab; j*W hazar. Avouch, v. *S\ akkad, yu'akkid; ^s^J sabbat, yusabbit; &*t*\ asbat, yusbit. Avow, v. uy:c\ i'taraf , ya'tarif ; /\ aqarr, yuqirr.

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Avowal, a. u\~z\ i'tiraf ;^f\ iqrar. Await, v. ^s-fistanzar, yastanzir ; J&\ intazar, yantazir. Awake, v.a. &* fayyaq,yufayviq ; 4W nabbah, yunabbih ; *-%$ aiqaz, yuqiz ; n. &**\ intabah,

yantabih ; jU f &q, yafiq ; ±***~\ istaiqaz, yastaiqiz. Awake, adj. ,3-ft* fayiq; *-*** nabih. Award, v. J p&* ^akam If, yahkum. Award, s. (*&* hukm (pi. *&*\ ahkam) ; Ui qa na'am. Aye, adv. - U*U dayiman ; 1«fc>\ abadan. Azure, 8. ^^— o^ laun samawt. Azure, adj. ^5 J j;j^ lazwardi-y ; jy\ ^U— azraq samawi-y.

B.

Babble, t>. u*d laqas, yalquS ; o^\ abaqq, yubiqq ; fI*N £ kagsar al-kalam, yukag§ir. Babble, 8. jl\ jUc «anaq al-ard (pi. (J^*\ a'naq, j^c 'unuq). Badness, 8. j* sarr ; Sj\ **> radawa-t ; hubs. ; &W\^- jirab (pi. £j*^ ajriba-t) ; %f~ hurj (pi. %\yS ahraj). — {small bag) w*** kis (pi. y-C^ akyas). Baggage, 8. {u'mat (pi. f *-«l tu'am). Bait, v. ^ ta"ain, yuta"im ; v»^ jazab, yajzib. Bake, v. (bread) y^ habaz, yahbiz ;

28 [Bal

habbaz, yuhabbiz. — (fish, etc.) iji qala, yaqli ; qalla, yuqalli. Baker, *. jW*- habbaz; y\jl farran. Bakery, Bakehouse, s. j*afc* mahbaz (pl.yU^ mahabiz).

Balance, 8. (scales) ($\yt+ mizan (pi. *a>U^** mizanat, ^j^y* mawazin). — (large ones) &W> qabbana-t. — (equilibrium) &j\y muwazana-t ; £-J*>U* mu'adala-t ; ^VL-i qistas. — (balance of accounts) *r>l~+}\ J**** mi'dal alhisab ; s->^-^ •*-**; rasid alhisab. — (surplus) tjto talawa-t. Balance, v. (in walking, etc.) yz*\ ihtazz, yahtazz ; g>^ irtajj, yar* a jj > J**** tamayal, yatamayal. — (make equal) sahnisin (Pers.) &i\U\ jLj^ mangar at-t»qa-t (pi. ^iU# manajir). Bald, adj. ^>\ asla', f. UU ^al'a (pi. £U 9 ul0; ^ ajlah; £^\ aqra', f . \*y qar'a (pi. £/ qur*, e^ qur'an). Baldachin, s. J*\j~ siradiq (pi. «^\ -at). Baldness, s. &° sala* ; &J* jalaha-t. Bale, s. Sj^ farda-t (pi. ^*>y faradi, *\/\ afrad) ; i}\* balu^ (pi. ^V bawalit) ; &")) rizma-t (pi. fy rizam, razam, ruzam). Bale, v. (bundle up) py* hazam, yahzim ; hazzam, yuhazzim. Baleful, adj. u*** nahis ; »*Uemuhlik ; y*+ mu^inr. Balefulness, s. (j~c* nabs; && tablika-t. Balk, v. s^s*- hayyab, yuhayyib. Ball, *. (to play with) fy kurra-t ; i»U» ^aba-t (pi. reg. and v*^ t u wab). — (for fire-arms, &c.) fi^ killa-t (pi. J^kilal) ; UU; ra*a?a-t. — (dancing) ^j ) crW* majlis wa raqs.

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|6a*

Ballad, 8. U£ gina (pi. ^J\t\ agani) ; &*xt ganniyat (pi. jUfc ganani). Ballad-maker, e. fb* ik'ir (pi. V* Su'ara'). Ballast, *. Sj***» tasbira-t; S>j** sabiira-t. Ballet, *. v/^ raqs ; ^jy^ yoij raqs ramuzi-y. Balloon, *. &»y^ £*U» $aba-t manfuhat ; \j*> & qubba-t hawa\ Ballot, *. W kurra-t. Ballot, «. */h s-afc^ intahab bi-'lkurra-t, yantahib. Balm, *. ^y» marham (pi. j**V* marahim). Balmy adj. (soothing) ^ layyin. Balsam, 8. (*~k balsam (pi. p~h balasim) ; ribat (pi. Wj rabut) ; ^ lafafa-t (pi. Ufctf lafayif). Bandit, *. o*V* barami-y ; 0*^ qafi-y (pi. £^ qutta 4 ). Bandy, *. &\*}y saulajaa (Pers.). Bandy, v. j&\ ^^ rama al-kurra-t, yarmi. — (dispute) J*>W jadal, yujidil. Bans, 8. (poison) p~ samm (pi.

fj*~ sum&m). — (anything pernicious) &&&• mahlika-t. Baneful, adj. (poisonous) ^— • musimm. — (pernicious) «*U$* muhlik ; y+ niudirr. Banefulness, s. &&• mahlika-t; My tahlika-t. Bang, s. by darba-t ; £*U lafma-t. Bang, v. ^ sadam, yasdim. Banish, v. *]* tarad, yatrad ; «j0 nafa', yanfi ; J^-» sarkal, yusarkil. Banishment, a. ^ tard; «jtf

nafi ; Utf t intifa. Banisteb, see Balusteb. Bank, *. (of a river) la* faft (pi. If* sutut) ; &^ haffa-t.— (of the sea) J«^U sahil (pi. J»»Vsawahil) ; ^^ £a{i. — (bankinghouse) ***;*• sairafiya-t; 0&> «^\j* dukkan sarraf. Bank, v. (deposit money) £*>) wada', yada'; £y auda', yAdi*. — (dam in) ±- saad, yasudd. Banker, s. u>\j* sarraf (pi. toj\** sayarifa-t). Bankbupt, s. )y~£" maksiir ; ««»- ji*ab). Barren, adj. (land) f\* 'aqir (pi. ji\jfi 'awaqir) ; (**** 'aqim (pi. fUe *uqam). — (be barren) jte 'aqur, ya c qur; J^» mafcal, yam^al ; J^»\ am^al, yumfcil. Barrenness, s. &+** uqma-t ; S^fi 'uqrat ; Sj^ft 'aqara-t. Babbicade, 8. v*\j*~ mitras (pi. tH^U* mataris) ; Ju. sadd (pi. S\x*\ asdad). Babbicade, v. cr-4;^ J** 'amil mataris, ya'mal. Barrier, s. (obstacle) a- sadd (pi. S\x*\ a8d4d). — (boundary) «^ hadd (pi. *)*» fcudud)* Babbisteb, 8. «.5^aJ\ Je^ wakil adda'wa (pi. ^ wukala).

Barrow, «. &w naqqala-t. Barter, t;. J^j badal, yabdil j V~A. hasa'is). Baseless, adj. y*W j*£ ^ min gair asas. Basement, 8. S aAf tablita-t. Bashful, adj. s->j%^* mahjub; ^.»., ^ ^ muhtaiim; o^^— • mus-

tahayy. Bashfdlness, «. W*» bay a ; &c 'iffat; JU+* hij&la-t. Basic, ad;. «jM asli-y. Basin, s. (vessel) o^J» tis*t, t u ^t (pi. ty&l $u£ut). — (of a fountain) 4fy birka-t (pi. ^ birak). — (dock) W* mina (pi. o*V* ma " wani, (^** nriyan) ; &£~\ iskala-t (pi. JSU asakil). Bask, v. tasawwal, yatasawwal. Beget, a. ^ walad, yalid; ^y^\ ansal, yunsil. — (produce) j&>\ aghar, yugbir; ^3^ ballaq, yuballiq. Beggar, *. *>W«i ^ahhaz ; JjU sayil ; J j— 2 * mutasawwil. Beggar, v. r&\ afqar, yufqir. Beggary, s. j& faqr ; ij&ft iflas. Begin, v. ^M bada, yabda; \^\ ibtida, yabtadi ; J-*^ ja*al, yaj'al. Beginning, s. ^ badw, badu; 1a£*\ ibtida' ; {j*\j ras. Begird, v. kW\ aha^, yuhit ; f lawwas, yulawwis.

Begrudge, v. ^ ^ \**\ ^-*hasad ahad 'ala ^e, yahsid. Beguile, v. » suluk; oU - ^^ maslak ; 5^- sira-t. 5

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Behead, v. **K s^;-* 4arab al-'unq ; yadrib. Behest, *. y\ amr (pi. y\£ awamir) ; f£+* hukm (pi. *lx^ ahkam). Behind, j?rep. c-*k* half ; \# wara' ; adv. \j) er* m * n wara*. Behindhand, adj. Jt»*» muta-

wani ; J*W** mutaba^i. Behold, v. ^ nazar, yanzur ; gN* tatalla', yatatalla*. Behold, interj. J*\ unzur; t&\* hanaza; W iza. Beholden, adj. (indebted) /* darab, yadrib, yudrub. Belch, v. ^ kazab, yakzib. — (show to be false) v>.tf kazzab, yukazzib. Belief, s. &> siqa-t ; *>Vaxc\ i'tiqdd ; j\^sr\ i'timad. — (religious) gU^ iman ; (^*> din. Believe, v. (trust) **te*\ i'taqad, ya'taqid ; {^\ aman, yumin. — (credit) ,3 a* saddaq, yusaddiq. — (think) ^ zann, yazunn ; &+± hamman, yuhammin. Believer, s. tabarruk (pi. «wf -at).

Benefaction, *. jtA her; Uj^ 'urf ; (^^-e.\ ihsan ; £+** ni'ma-t (pi. (**> ni'am). Benefactor, s. ^J\ &-*&• nmhsin ila; ^ p**" mun 4 im 'ala; rf karim. Benefice, s. (a church living) aa^ i«— i^S wajifa-t kanayisiyya-t. Beneficence, s. j^\ J** fi'l alter; *f* jud; q\~+>\ i^ san.

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Beneficent, adj. p*>* mun'im ; (*/ karim ; ($>~*" niuhsin. Beneficial, adj. «x*A* muf id ; g*^ nafi 4 . Benefit, s. (favour) q\~-A ihsan ; &#»\/ karamiya-t; £+** ni'mat. —(profit) Sj^U %ida-t; g* naf. Benefit, v. (do good to) c**\ an*am, yun'im ; &~> *»\ ahsan, yuhsin. — (gain an advantage) £fc*\ intafa'. yantafi* ; **\te~\ istafad, yastafid. Benevolence, *. &&\ &**» husn al-laf ta-t ; &*\/ karama-t ; «-AU

lutf; &i»^ 'atifa-t (pi. «-AUy* 'awatif). Benevolent, adj. j*** hayyir ; bi). Benumb, v. s>+$ ^^ wassa li-ahad bi-£e, yuwa??! ; «J&t ***y feallaf bi-wasiya-t, yuhallif ; «-ASj waqaf , yaqif. Bequest, *. l~°y wasiya-t; u&± ^p halaf muwassa. — (for pious uses) «-Aij waqf (pi. U>\>£ auqaf). Bereave, v. (deprive of) ^ haram, ya^rim. — (render destitute) J#\ agkal, yuskil. Bereavement, s. ^ yatm, yutm, yatain ; J# §ukl. Berry, *. w^- habb ; &**» habba-t (pi. *r>y&- hubub). Berth, s. w^yA\ ^ ^U» manam fi-'l-markab.

Beseech, v. ^\ £*£ tadarra' ila, yatadarra ; {j-+&\ iltamas, yaltamis. Beseem, v. *r~*k nasab, yunasib ; jS laq, yaliq. Beset, v. tW\ ahat, yufcit; ^»W hasar, yuhas ir. Beside, prep, s-*** jamb ; s-^W: bi-janib. Besides, prep. ^ 6*>^j ziyada-t 'ala. Besides, conj. **&$ j*k ger zalik. Besiege, v. ^*W hasar, yuhasir. Besmear, v. U la$, yalut, yalit; ^ tala, ya^li. Besom, s. & —■ * . < * miknasa-t (pi. ^VX* makanis) ; &4-A* muqassa-t. Besot, v. (stupefy) bazal, yabzil, yabzul.

Bestowal, s. Uac 'ata' (pi. *ssM a*tiya-t) ; h*f mauhaba-t (pi. s-^'y* mawahib). Bestrew, v. ^ ra^, yarusi. Bestride, v. g* fajj, yafujj ; £&i fassah, yufaisih ; s-^; rakib, yarkab. Bet, *. (jjVAj rihan ; eJ^V tarahun. Bet, v. {$*\j> tarahan, yatarahan ; LjUj ta^arat, yataiaratBetake, v. a^j* tawajjah, yatawajjah ; J\ ^^ iltaja ila, yaltaji.

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Bethink, v. f& tazakkar, yatazakkar; £& tafakkar, yatafakkar. Betide, v. J*** haeal, yahsal ; *£>^ hadag, yahdis. Betimes, adv. «**$ J* 'ala waqt. Betoken, v. \ j\*\ a6ar ila, yuSir ; Jft J*> dall 'ala, yadull. Betray, v. q\± han, yahun ; ;^ gadar, yagdir, yagdar. Betrayal, *. j*k gadr ; &W** hiyana-t. Betroth, v. s-^ hattab, yuhattib.

Betrothal, a. &*!**» hu^ba-t. Better, adj. adv. {$*~**\ ahsan ; Ja*\ afdal; ^ ahyar; s-*M atyab. Better, v. ^>\ aslah, yuslih ; ^> ^allah, yusallih ; J»>-^ a'dal, yn'dil. — (morally) a*^- ^ nazzam sirat-hu, yunazzim. Bettor, a. i)U^ mu£arit; (£*V* murahin. Between, Betwixt, prep. ^ ben ; ^ U ma ben. Bevel, «. ^j zawiya-t; i}*~* mistara-t. Beverage, «. s-»V* ^ araD » **/• sarba-t; s^/*"* niairub (pi. «^ -at). Bevy, «. £*j- surba-t. — (of people) Cj* fauj (pi. gpt fuwuj, ©y^ af " waj). Bewail, v. jJLc fcU nah 'ala, yanuh. Beware, v. )&» hazar, yahzar ; )&*A ijjtazar, yaljtazir. Beware, interj. **^ ^ d\i\ ayyaka summ ayyaka ; j»w\ f )^J\ alhazr suinm al-hazr. Bewilder, v. (Ju*S\ adhas, yudhis ; yt*» hayyar, yuhayyir. Bewilderment, s. &&** daha£a-t ; ^Iaj^ indihiU ; S^ hira-t. Bewitch, v. (by sorcery) j raqa, yarqa ; ^»~ sahar, yashur. — (by personal charms) lak^A Sah^at, yusah^itBeyond, adv. prep. \^ warit, \y U ma wara ; Jj* f auq. Bias, 8. (prejudice), ^ wahm

(pi. py*>)\ auhum). — (inclination) J** mail. Bias, v. J** mayyal, yumayyil; utf* 'aftaf, yn'aftif . Bib, v. *▼>/• sarib, yasrab ; s-**> ta'abbab, yata'abbab. Bibber, *. s->V» sarrab ; s-*«/» sirrib ; ^W* 'abbab. Bible, *. y-JA^ v»US3^ al-kitab almuqaddas; va>WH at-taurat. Bid, v. (order) /•* amar, yamur. — (a price) ^j* 'arad, ya'rid ; J±f\ a'rad, yu*nd. — (to bid adieu) g^ wadda', yuwaddi*. — (bid good day) ^ jJL. sallam 'ala, yusallim. Bide, v. a. (endure) J* y** sabar 'ala, yasbur ; J-*^ ihtamal, yahtamil ; n. (abide) fM\ aqam, yuqiin ; (jjX- sakan, yaskun. Biennial, adj. &f\s tabut (pi. *^**\>* tawabit) ; ij±**-i na's (pi. ^f*y*> nu^us). Biq, adj. j*4 kabir (pi. ; W* kibar, kubar) ; ^Jac 'azim (pi. ^^c *izam, L-iLc 'uzama). — (with child) ^J*** hubla (pi. JW*- habala) ; &»\* hamila-t. Bigamist, s. ^V^* Cjjy 8 * niutazawwij bi-imraten. Bigamy, 8. ^^j*^ **f$\ az-zijat bi-imraten. Bight, s. (bay) ^ haur (pl.^^

ah war) ; ^— ^N £**\i qayimat al-hisab. — (money order)

&\f* hawala-t. — (of law) &*j* 'arda-t. Billet, *. S^i? tazkira-t (pi. /Ms tazakir); &jj waraqa-t; £*ij ruq'at (pi. gVi ; riqa'). Billet, v. (quarter soldiers) yXsakkan, yusakkin; Jy\ anzal, yunzil. Billion, utf\ UkN . gU maj, yamuj ; ,J»3s talatam, yatala^am. Billowy, adj. ©^^ Ms* mutala£im bi-'l-amwaj ; ©ij* mawwaj. Bin, s. j^J^-» ganduq (pi. ^joU-o sanadiq). Binary, adj. iJ &» musanna. Bind, v. Uj raba{, yarbit, yarbut ; J^c 'aqad, ya'qid ; *£ qayyad, yuqayyid. — (a book) •&* jallad, yujallid ; **W l^abak, yahbik. Binding, *. v>^ * yom uriladhu ; *>%~d\ j^c 'aid al-milad. Biscuit, *. tU— J» baqsimat. Bisect, v. ^ qata', yaqta' ; «-**»

naeaf, yansuf; ^ wassat, yuwassij. Bisection, 8. «-&***> tansif. Bishop, 8. Ute-^ usqut" (pi. &iL.\ asaqifa-t, c-AiL^ asaqif ). Bishopric, 8. < E »ta - \ usqufiyat. Bismuth, a. ^Ju»aJ\ flay** 8 /* marqa£i$a-t al-qasdir. Bit, 8. (of a horse) «sU fakk ; f\+i lijam (pi. f»^J lujum, &*^*J\ aljima-t). — (small piece) ^»i qifa-t (pi. £* qu^a') ; s->y~J lasub, lassub). Bitch, 8. L& kalba-t ; SUJ la'a-t. Bite, v. fi qafr al-yahiid ; U naft. Bituminous, adj. Ja« naf^i-y. Bivalve, s. ^» mahar; ij^+ mahara-t. Blab, v. f> namm, yanimm, yanumm. Black, adj. *y^ as wad, f. \*>y*

sauda (pi. «y» sud) ; ^a^ adham, f. Uao dahma (pi. *fco duhm); J^^ akhal, f. W kahla (pi. J^ kuhl). Black, 8. (colour) *>\y- sawad. — (a negro) *y~\ aswad (pi. ($\4y* s lid an). Black- bird, s. jh** sahrur (pi. ^Wfc saharir). Blacken, v. (make black) *y~ sawwad, yusawwid. — (defame) ^atsahham, yusahhim. Blackguard, *. ^^ falati-y ; ifyM- hulbAs (pi. &*t^ halabisa-t). Blacking, s. k$ b6ya-t, b%a-t. Blackish, adj. *>y~* muswadd; ^U^ aswadani-y. Blacksmith, a. »>W ^addad. Bladder, a. &U~ ma§ana-t; &y*~

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mibwala-t. — (gall bladder) fyy marara-t. Blade, *. &-»> naela-t (pi. JU» nisal, J-rt ansul). Blamable, ad/. ffi\ s-^j wajib

al-laum; f!Utt &**>-* mustahiqq al-malani ; fk yulam. Blame, v. ($ lam, yalum ; f*i zamm, yazumm; s-*** 'ayyab, yu'ayyib; #y wabbah, yuwabbih. Blame, s. rf laum ; &»X» mazamma-t. Blameless, adj. v>^ **** ^ ma 'aleh 'itab; v^ 3 la yu'ab. Blanch, v.a. y*et bayya£, yubayyij wadi*. Blandish, v. UD la^af, yula^if ; (j)U mallaq, yumalliq. Blandishment, s. &&%• mulatafa-t ; tagsil. Bleak, o$. (cota) *>;W band. — (cheerless) }*&• mukaddir. Bleakness, s. *j* bard. Blear, adj. JU sal dam, yasil ; a. ^ fasad, yafsid, yafsud ; J*>\ ^» f»> ahaz dam min, ya'huz. Bleeding, s. S»>Ui fasada-t (pi. a?U* fasa'id). Blemish, «. s-^ft 'aib ; jU *ar. Blemish, v. J^-i^ afsad, yufsid; cJdrt atlaf , yutlif . Blench, v. \jf g^ raja 4 li-wara, yarja* ; ^^^\ ahjam, ju^jim. Blend, v.^. laUt\ lhtala^, yabtalit ; SjU mazaj, yumazij ; a. U*halat, yahlut ; cy mazaj, yam-

zaj. Bless, v. ^W barak, yubarik. — (make happy) »**~\ asa*d, yus'id. — (bless God) *U\ jb» ^akar allah, yaskur. Blessed, adj. ^^ mubarak ; J^u sa'id ; ** dam (pi. Uo dima). — (kindred) s-~- * nasab. — (ojfspring) J~* nasi.

Bloody, acfy'. (stained with blood) fjJl* «A>yu mulawwas bi'd-dam. — (sanguinary) J*^ qatil ; *s)l*«. UjJ\ saffak ad-dima; r}*~ saffah. Bloom, Blossom, f>) zahar; Syfcj zahra-t ; rf naur (pi. j\jrt anwar). — (fif youth) ^yki 'unfuwan. Bloom, Blossom, v. yfcj zahar, yazhar; j&)\ azhar, yuzhir; rf nawwar, yunawwir. Blot, s. (stain, spot) £*«? buq'a-t ; &» nuqta-t (pi. W» nuqat, ^ niqat). — (morally) s-«** 'aib (pi. ^jac «uyub). Blot, v. (stain) *±>y lawwas, yulawwis ; £** baqqa', yubaqqi*. — (obliterate) £-j wassah, yuwassih ; < j^» maha, yamhi, yamhu ; £~i nasah, yansah ; y lawwag, yulawwig ; gij baqqa 4 , yubaqqi*. Blotting-paper, «. ^/U^\ j^ waraq al-ma8s; ^^\ j;* waraq aJkad^. Blow, *. ty darba-t ; i^U lat^a-t. — (into the face) WjX la^ma-t. Blow, v. £& nafah, yanfah, yan-

fuh ; s-*a habb, yahubb. — (the trumpet) toy^^ j»> daqq bi-'lbuqa-t, yaduqq. — (blow the nose) j$ bazar, yabzir ; !aa£w»^ imtahat, yamtahi^. Blubber, s. (++**> sahm (pi. fj*> 6utum). Bludgeon, *. vo^i nabbut (pi. s-^»W> nababib) ; &Sj zaqla-t ;

&2j~»+ miswaqa-t ►lue. adi. iS\\\ az

Blue, adj. j^ azraq, f. \*j) garqa (pi. 4» zurq). Blue, Blueness, s. iijj zurqa-t. Bluff, s. (steep bank) l^ tahdira-t ; jy**> hadur. Bluff, adj. h & l- t> galiz ; ^ > t .- ^ hasin. Bluffness, *. ^^ galaga-t ; &l**k hasana-t.

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Bluish, adj. topH J\ J*U mayil ila 'z-zurqa-t. Blunder, 8. p* sahu ; RAt galta-t. Blunder, v. Jj zall, yazill; ^

galit, yaglat. Blunt, adj. ±*}\ W>** mugallaz alhadd. — (of manner) W* galiz. Blunt, v. ^ gallaz, yugalliz ; J^ akall, yukill. Bluntness, *. *W£ galaza-t; &h balada-t. Blur, *. (stain) s-*e* 'aib (pi. ^j** 'uyiib). Blur, v. £~j wassah, yuwassih. Blurt, v. J^M> harfai, yuharfis\ Blush, v. j+*\ ahmarr, ya^marr. Bluster, v. f&\ if tahar, yaf tahir ; j£* fasar, yafsur. Bluster, a. jjAi fusur ; ;U^\ iftihar. Blusterer, 8. J^^ fas^ar; ^a**** muftahir. Boar, 8. J*i jty^ hinzir fahl. Board, 8. (plank) tf lauh, loh (pi. cV^ alwftl ?) ; ^ daff (P L «^j**> dufuf) ; tr^ umsuh.— ( fare) wf qut ; f\& ta'am ; J*\*+ ma'as. — (of a ship) *-*£> s-**^ $araf al-markab. — (on board) s-^N ^ fi-'l-markab. — (cover of a book) i±ekr tajlida-t. Board, v. (cover with wood) s ~&»* has&ib, yuhas&b ; c^W \J*j* faros' bi-'l-lau^, yafrus. — (enter a ship by force) Sy s-V ^J\ ^ tal a ' ila markab quwwatan, ya^la* ; **M» s-*/^ sabak al-markab, yaibuk. — (furnish with food) *jU* mahariz). Body, s. **— ► jasad (pi. *>^-*^ aj8 M) ; f* * jism (pi. r*W^ ajsam) ; ^W ; ribatat, Wj rubut) ; J^ habl (pi. JW^ hibal, J*W habayil).— (fetter) ^Vj zanjir (pi. ^) zanajir).— (for debt) xu* sanad (pi. j\sJ\ asnad) ; * s\ ~ ~ *5 tamassuk (pi. «t>\ -at). Bondage, *. h*y** 'abudiyat. Bondsman, s. m^U damin ; J-tf kaFil. Bone, 8. (M «azra (pi. p&* 'izam, f£*\ a'zuin).

Boneless, adj. f&e\ £ ku way vis ; cJUai latif. Bony, ad;. ^4^ 'agnri-y. Booby, s. &**\ ahinaq ; s tais (pi. u-^ tuyus, daftar; &+*\i qayima-t (pi. ^ji qawayim) ; ^W hawi. Book, t?. yijJ\ J* jlJ> qayyad fi-'ddaftar, yuqayyid. Bookbinder, «. Jd^* mujallid ; «*!Ua. habbak. Book-keeper, *. s-~*W« muhasib. Book8Eller, *. s-***N gWt bayya' al-kutub ; {tS ~£ kutubi-y ; JW« 8ahhaf. Boon, s. £*** ni'ama-t (pi. ^*> ni'am); J-tf fadl (pi. JUtf afdal). Boon, adj. y^-* masrur; L, mabsutBoon-companion, 8. ^a* nadim

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Boor, s. t*l* galiz ; &&fl\ ^j^ 'adim at-tarbiya-t. Boorish, adj. ^U fallahi-y ; &&A. hasin. Boorishness, 8. &U*s. haiana-t; &^ gilaza-t. Boot, «. &•)* jizma-t (pi. «^\ -at, fy+ jizam) ; J^jj zarbul (pi. J-^j

zarabil). Booth, «. (shed, cottage) £/ kuh (pi. fctjrt akwah, (^U^ kihan)"; u^ huss (pi. ^U^t ahsas). — (stall at a fair) q\£j dukkaa (pi. itP&SJ dakakin) ; «t>yU- hanut (pi. vs^J^ hawanit). Booty, *. &*** ganima-t (pi. ^Ufe ganayim) ; M* nuhba-t ; ***** inagnam (pi. ^U- maganim). Border, 8. &W haffa-t; &*aU M3iya-t (pi. ^\f* hawasl). — (boundary) •*»* hadd (pi. ^J** hudud) ; ^ tuhm (pi. pf& tuhum) ; j-*S sagr (pi. Jr Jtf sugur). Border, v. J-»\ ittasal, yattasil ; ^V» tahain, yutahim Borderer, «. ^^^ mujawir. Bore, v. (perforate) ^ haraz, yahriz ; s-^fii naqab, yanqub ; s-a* saqab, yasqub. — (annoy, be tedious) JM amall, yumill ; Jft) za"al, yuza"il. Bore, s. J^U* mamlM ; Jcy» muza"il. Borer, «. j^« mihraz (pi. jjW-« mahariz) . Borouoh, 8. kj» qarya-t (pi. ^ qura). Borrow, v. j\*z~.\ ista'ar, yasta*ir ; c &L >^\ istaslaf, yastaslif ; ^ al-asnen. Bother, 8. &a$ saqla-t ; s-**> ta'ab ; vj^^> taiwi£. Bother, v. «JLc ,Jtf saqqal 'ala, yusaqqil ; $*)\ az'aj, yuz'ij ; ^* ,Jc £awwa£ 'ala, yusawwiS. Bottle, *. SjUi qazaza-t (pi. y^qazayiz) ; &*^ qannina-t (pi. Js*U* qanani) ; &&** £isa-t (Pers*) ; Sj^Vi qarura-t (pi. ^y qawarir). Bottom, a. ytf qa'ar (pl.;j** qu'ur) ; s-a* 'uqb (pi. s^^ a'qab, s-*** 'uqub). Bottomless, adj. j\p d ^ ma lahu qarar. Bough, «. &-afc gusna-t (pi. 0^^ ag?an, (^ gusn) ; & far* (pi. lit furu^* jftda-t ; ^ karam. Bouquet, s. )*) ^iW baqa-t zahar ; yfcj t^ mirbat? zahar. Bovine, adj. o*/* baqari-y.

Bow, v. W hasiya-t (pi. o^V* hawasi) ; ! dimag (pi. &u*>\ admiga-t). Brainless, adj. gUo % bila dimag ; j*y«U maltus ; *^>X~* masliib. Bramble, 8. f* qassar bi, yuqassir ; J& naqa4> yanqud. Breakfast, s. ^ f ufiir. Breakfast, v. ^h fatar, yaftar, yaf^ur. Breast, *.^ju> gadr (pLj^ sudur). — (of a woman) &**- hidn (pi. ^^ hudua) ; J^ nahd (pi. »>^ nuhiid). Breath, s. ^ anfas) ; v~M> tanaffus. — (tye) «t>^ ^ayat; ^U— i nasama-t. —

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(breath of air) f**~J nasim ; £*# nafha-t. Breathe, v. ij~tos tanaffus, yatanaffas. Breathless, adj. y-AAX £}&• maqtu' an-nafas. Breeches, «. J^ sirwal (pi. J^Utubban (pi. ^us

sarawil) ; ^W* tababin) ; jy—L £ Jb» ^aUa sahiUir).

£ahiur (pi.

Breed, v. ^ walad, yulid; (;^ hadan, yadhun. — (rear) ^j-t; rabba* yurabbi. Breed, s. J-i nasi ; vy* jins (pi. \ -at, ^ lujum, &*^H aljima-t) ; ^^ 'inan (pi. ^j-^-x 'unan, Ljl^\ a* inn a- 1). Bridle, v. ^ lajjam, yulajjim ; f^\ aljam, yuljim. — (restrain) f^\ aljam, yuljim ; )***> dabat, yadbit-

Brief, 8. U- haft (pi. ty** hutut) ; s-»W?srt intihab ^ raqm (pi. f\*j\ arqam). Brief, adj. j**i qasir ; j*&* muqtasar. Brier, 8. d)* Sauk, £ok (pi. db\y*\ aswak). Briery, adj. osJj* ^»> zu ^auk ; ui^Ui ^ayik ; *i^A-« muswik, musawwak. Brig, Brigantine, * (pi. &iy±\ agriba-t). Brigade, 8. hj£-~* 4 askariya-t (pi. j T liwa (Turk.). Brigadier, s. &»jt firqa-t ; \f yo* mir liwa. Brigand, e. ^f* harami-y ; gVU j^Vy\ qa^ta* at-tariq ; JaJ luss (pi. \j>y& lu8us, \j>\*&\ alsas). Bright, adj. jt^ barraq; ^3 lami* ; ^+ mudi ; ^« munir ; J+ jali-y. Brighten, v.a. g

^ lamma', yu-

lammi' ; J^ jala, yajli ; n. \j\ aqras). Broach, t?. s-**» saqab, yasqub ; ***a sakk, yasukk. — (a ca*A;) Jj)t bazal, yabzul. Broad, dibaj ; *d ladad. Broil, v. ^$j*» sawa, yaiwi ; sawwa yuiawwi; s-^ kabbab, yukabbib. Broker, e. J3»> dallal (pi. &£$* dallalin) ; ^\— ^— samsar (pi. S^-U— samasira-t). Brokerage, a. &3*> dalala-t; Sj*\ J3jJ\ ujra-t ad-dallal; S ; samsara-t.

Bronze, «. /*t .*«> tahaddad, yatahaddad. Bulrush, *. ^U halfa* (pi. Utfo. huluf) ; J-\ asal ; y^y**- haizuran. Bulwark, *. $j» burj (pi. g^\ abraj) ; **}U> tabiyah (Turk.).

Bump, 8. ^ waram (pi. f\^\ awrara). Bump, v. *** haiin ; M* galig. Bun, *. \j>p qurs (pi. yue 'anqftd. Bundle, 8. &•)*- huzma-t (pi. (^ huzara); 8j^» jurza-t (pi. j^ juraz) ; 6 a* 6adda-t (pi. *>*** Sudad). Bundle, v. ^ hazam, yahzim. Buno, 8. J+ musaqqis. Butchery, *. (slaughter) J** qatl ; C* »> zabh. — (slaughter-house) %jj+" majzira-t. Butlee, a. ^SU saqi (pi. v&>Usuqa-t, ^4- suqi-y, ,^3- suqqa). Butt, v. ^ natah, yantah ; ^^ tana^ah, yatanajah. Butt, 8. (cask) £*** battiya-t (pi. ^W batati. — (target) «^Juj*

hadaf (pi. ^t\±*\ ahdaf) ; ^Ui nisan. Butt-end, a. (of a gun) jJui qandaq (pi. J»>US qanadiq); &*i/ karnifa-t. Butter, *. Sjl^j zibda-t; (;)—•— samn. Butter, v. «JLc Say U. haft zibda-t 'ala, yahutt ; y+~ samman, yuaaramin. Butterfly, 8. rf£ farfiir (pi. j^\^ farafir) ; v-r»V f ara * ; fy*** Da ssara-t.

Buttermilk, yt+2 §amir; {j^es** raahid. Buttery, adj. ^$^) zibdi-y. Buttock, «. ^tok- halfani-y ; ^j\j* warani-y; «^»>; ridf (pi. u\*f ardaf). Button, s. j) zurr, zarr (pi. j\j)\ azrar). Button, v. j^j zarzar, yuzarzir; jjy tazarrar, yatazarrar. Button-hole, s. Sj^ 'irwa-t (pi. ^f 'ira). Buttress, s. iJ^Z kabs (pi. j^Wtf akbai) ; o^U 'amud (pi. *v«\je 'awamid). Buxom, adj. ,•*—* basfm (^afc—* mush in ; «*)W*&* midhak. Buy, v. i>sf±\ i£tara, yastari ; &*\ ibta', yabta*. Buyer, «. ^l* sari (pi. \j* Surra) ; i^fA* mustari ; g^i** mubta*. Buzz, t7. jjj^ wazwaz, yuwazwiz ; q) zann, yazinn. Buzz, 8. Sjjjjj wazwaza-t.

By, |)rejp. (near Jo) Jux 'and. — (by the instrumentality of)±ei bi-vad.

Cab, fyfc 'araba-t. Cabal, s. Rq\f murabata-t ; & — & ** dasisa-t (pi. u*"*^ dasayis) ; l~*z 'asba-t (pi. s-~°* 'usab). — (Jewish tradition) &*S qabala-t. Cabbage, s. s-^ kuruinb ; «-JjAU rnalfuf; J-Ji} baql (pi. . Jyt* buqiil). Cabin, 6. &y± hazna-t ; *y»^ kamara-h ; hy" misriya-t (pi. **>\ -at, ^Ui qanawat, &*&\ aqniya-t); g^U fealij (pi. gkhuluj, (J**k* huljan). — (duct in the body) > ni'us). Caper, *. (leap) &* natta-t. — (Perry) j£ kabar (pi. )W* kibar, jWfl akbar). Capeb, v. U natt 9 yanutt ; JaJ ^ ai natnat, yunatnit. Capital, *. (o/ a column) *>j*e qawafil) ; JA5 qafl, qufl (pL J>** quful); y\)f karwan (pi. ^\^ karawin). Cabavanseby, 8. q\± han (pi. &\i\*. hanat). Cabaway, 8. yy* kammun ; (J^tS kimyan. Carbon, s. f **$\ SjU madda-t alf ah in. Cabbonic, Carbonaceous, adj. ^5*^* fal>mi-y. Carcass, 8. &+j rimma-t (pi. ^

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rimam) ; &«• Jifa-t (pi. jiyaf, «-iW^ ajyaf ) ; &*% lasa-t. Cabd, 8. (for play) j^ waraq (pi. j\^ auraq). — (for cotton, &c.) (W mihlaj. Cabd, v. ^ lialaj, yahHj, yafcluj ; «-JJ* nadaf, yandif . Cabdinal, adj. / kardinal. Cabe, a. (sorrow) (** hamm (pi. fy+Jb humum). — (attention) Usc\ l'tina; h^^ 'inaya-t; &*a himma-t. — (caution) j^ hazr. Cabb, v. s^ ^W bala bi, yubali. Cabekn, v. te& qalfat, yuqalfit. (See Calk.) Cabkbb, *. (full speed) j&j raqcj. — (progress in life) utU~*« maslak. Cabkful, adj. «^*»* mu'tani. Cabele8S, adj. J*te gafil; J*^ hamil; J*^e** mutah&mil; ^t* sahi. Cabelessness, 8. J*W tahamul ; JUj^ ihmal; J*U? tagaful. Cabess, v. «-&$ lataf, yulatif ; 6ahwani-y. Carnation, s. (colour) ^Uc 'un*

nabi-y. — (flower) J*/ qaramf ul. Cabnival, 8. £*/• marfa' (pi. g*V* marafi') ; fyf kariza-t. Cabnivobous, ad;. CjW jarit ; J^* ^W\ ya'kul al-lal^m. Cabol, a. U± gin£ (pL Jl^ agani) ; &+** nagma-t. Cabol, v. ^j** ganna, yuganni; ^* naga, yunagi; *>^ garid, yagrad. Carouse, v. p*>U nadim, yunadim ; s^V* sarab, yusarib.

Cabouse, Cabousal, 8. &oU* munadama-t ; fyUu* muiaraba-t. Cabp, v. J^ «azal, ya'zul. Cabp, 8. L** Sabu* (pi. W»W* sababit). Cabpenteb, 8. jW* najjar. Cabpentby, a. 5)V nijara-t. Cabpet, a. ^U* basat (pi. 1*~* busut) ; &~A^tinfi8a-t, tunfusa-t (pi. u-iUt tanafis) ; j^ f ar$ (pi. J^i funi£). — (for prayer) **>V* sajjada-t. Cabpet, v. jy faraS, yafruS ; f arrai, yufarriS. Cabbiage, a. bj* 'araba-t; fcV^fc 'arabana-t ; 6 ^°^ karosa-t. — (cost of conveyance) &j*e- humula-t. Cabbion, 8. US lasa-t ; &** jifa-t (pi. i-Atsq- jiyaf). Cabbot, 8. )y* jazar. Cabboty, adj. j^\ yj* bi-laun aljazar. Cabby, v. J^- tamal, ya^mil ; JU ^al, yaiil. — (transport) J^ naqal, yanqul. Cabbies, *. JU*" hammal; JW*

6ayyal.— (of a letter) ^j&A\ J*W hamil al-maktub; ^C sa'i (pL SU~ sa'a-t). Cabt, «. ij^ 'araba-t. Cabt, t?. i^yJW J# naql bi-'l-'ararbana-t, yanqul. Cabtage, 8. Jy naul. Cabteb, 8. bj* J^ sawwaq 'araba-t ; t^-^ 'arabaji. Cabtelage, a. v>A* qurqus ; «-*jy-^ gtujriif (pi. iJ^Ufc gacjl&rif).— (o/ t^e rtfo) «-i^-y* 6ursuf (pi. t-A^^i iarasif). — (of the nose) ^» j^bJuJ\ qa§ aba-t al-manhur. Cabtelaginous, adj. o^ir 4 * gu^rufi.y. Cartridge, s. &&i fa^aka-t (pi. •aUi faSak) ; ««W^ («> durj (pi. A^j diraja-t, c\)*rt adraj). Casque, s. &y*- huza-t (pL &jl huwaz). Cast, t?. (throw) ^j rama, yarmi ; (J* salah, yailah ; c^ {arah, ya{rat; tanuh, yutarrih; /• maradd. Catechise, v. (teach by questioning and answering) y JW~t ^ s^^ 'allam bi-aawal wa jawab. Catechism, s. (religious instruction) i j**~A \ f^s ta'lim almasilii. Categobical, adj. ^U g&fi. Category, a. jo* find, fand (pi. oUi\ afnad^j £y nau' (pL ^\y\

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[Cbl

anwa'); u-*- jins (pi- \) zawiya-t (pi. \i\$ zawaya). Cellar, «. S ; ^U matmura-t ; pi qabu (pi. O^ aqbiya-t). Cement, «. ^W hafiqi ; $jt* harj ; &J* tin ; *M» said. Cement, v. \jt garra, yugarri ; &£ tayyan, yutayyin; o^ sayyad, yusayyid. Cemetery, a. S^ju maqbara-t (pi. ji\*+ muqabir) ; ^J* madfan (pi. ^\j* madafin) ; &W jabanna-t. Censer, s. lf*~* mibhara-t (pi. /s*W* mabahir) ; kjy* "suriya-t. Censor, a. s «-»»** muhtasib; J-tts «&zil ( p l. j^ < U zzal). Censorious, adj. fjl* mulawwim ; ^•«^» muzammim. Censoriousnbss, 8. &*&• mazamma-t ; &*3i* malama-t. Censurable, adj. fy*^* mazmum ; f»yu malutn. Censure, s. rf laum, lorn ; **«k» mazamma-t ; s **** * ta'yib.

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Censure, t>. ^3 lam, yalum; ^ zamm, yazumm ; J^u^ 'azal,

ya'zul. Census, 8. ^-y^M S\**5 ta'dad annufus. Cent, 8. k\" maya-t. — (per cent.) ZiUl\) bi-'l-maya-t. Centipede, 8. {$e*ij\ #\ abu arba'in ; h\" $\ abu maya-t. Central, Centrical, adj. la~ys* mutawassit ; %sff markazi-y. Centralise, v. j*>\j g*y« ^ g** jama' fi mauda' wahid, yajma* ; p* 4amm, yazumm. Centre, 8. yp markaz (pl. 4\y marakiz); fa^ wast (pl. tU^ ausat).

Centre, v.a. l»»j wassat, yuwassit ; n. l*-y tawassat, yatawassat. Centrifugal, arf/. W-jN ^c j^V^x* mutaba'id 'an al-wastCentripetal, adj. L.JJ\ J\ JjU mayil ila-'l-wast. Centuple, ad;. «-*U*\ £*U mayat atf'af. Century, 8. j*>* dabr (pl. jyfcd duhur) ; ^y qarn (pl. ^1 qurun) ; &u« £&l« mayat sana-t. Cereals, *. *A*yi^\ al-hububat. Ceremonial, adj. (solemn) JUso.t ihtifali-y. Ceremonial, s. (^ertym al-qawanin. Ceremonious, adj. c^Ultt ^U sahib takallufat. Ceremony, 8. (religious) u»& taq8 (pl. u-yit ^uqiis) ; i& i *■» mansik (pl. iftl-U» manasik). — (of politeness) J*^*J tabjil (pl. takalluf. — (master of ceremonies) «^yui\ J^ W 41J a ttairifat. Certain, adj. rayis al-majlis (pi. U.» ru'asa) ; . bitat). Chemist, s. W+«£H ^* mu'allini al-kimiya ; W^W ^^ 'arif bi'1-kimiya. Chemistry, s. r° sils (pi. ^Ijj- divan) ; v*>j&S katkut (pi. **w**U$ katakit) ; ty-k f arr&j (pi. ^V fararij). Chicory, 0. W^** bindiba; kj^ gikoriya-t ; q\j£* Sukuran. Chidb, v. &) wabbah, yuwabbih. ; «^-Jlc 'atab, yu'atib ; \ a? li-y. Chief, 0. ftt* muqaddam; J^ wali ; u^j ra'is, rayyis. Chieftain, 0. j*^ amir (pi. ^ umara). Chilblain, 0. *pl\ w p» waram min al-bard. Child, 8. ^ walad (pi. *>)M awlad) ; J*t tin (pi- JW atfal). Childbed, 8. u*W\ ,»\t\ ayyam annafas. Childbirth, 8. *>3t wilad. Childhood, a. vyk tufuliya-t; Wo saba. Childish, ad/. ^** sigari-y. — (by old age) *j*«* ma'tuh. Childishness, 8. ly**> sabwa-t.

Chill, Chilly, adj. tft band. Chill, Chillness, Chilliness, 8. •y bard ; **>#» buruda-t. Chime, 8. u-e^ytt (j>**k tanin alnawaqis. Chime, v. qL tann, yatinn. Chimera, 0. JW*> hiyal (pi. *W ahyila-t) ; jy* tasawwur ; ^ wahm (pi. (*^\ auham). Chimerical, oc^'. 15**; wahmi-y ; J^hiyali-y; JkW ba^il. Chimney, 0. &*>ju madhana-t (pi. ^\^« madahin) ; jW^ ujaq. — (Jhe fire-place within) t&p mauqada-t (pL j£\j* mawaqid). Chin, 8. y** zaqan. — (of a woman) 3—te 'uqsa-t. China, 0. (the country) e>*» ?in. — (porcelain) ***** siniya-t (pi. fj\y sawani). Chink, 0. &* saqqa-t (pi. jya» foquq). Chink, v.n. &*i\ insaqq, yansaqq.

Chip, 0. &*ji farma-t ; &/» sarta-t. Chip, t>. ^ faram, yafrum. Chibp, v. *j± garrad, yugarrid; Vju* minqas (pi. din almasifc ; o * a "'* ^ 0*^ ad-din almasibi-y. Christmas, 8. &-*& *>)&• •*** 'aid milad al-masifc. Chronic, adj. wy muzmin. — (chronic disease) «-JUj danaf. Chronicle, 8. &jv tarib (pi. ^y tawarib). Chronicle, v. tfl arrah, yu'arrih, yuwarrih. Chronicler, 8. tjy" muwarrib. Chronological, adj. ^^s tarihi-y.

Chronolooi8t, 8. fyy muwarrib ; &)\j&\ (J** mu'alfim at-tawarib. Chronology, 8. &j\y&\ fJ* 'ilm attawarih. Chronometer, s. &ty\ ^^ miqyas az-zaman. Chrysalis, Chrysalid, a. 6arnaqa-t (pi. 6araniq). Chubbiness, 8. &\& gabana-t. Chubby, adj. £$f marbu*. Chucbxe, v. «*W* cjabak, yadhak. Chuckle, Chuckling, a. tj^ nafcarir). Cleverness, s. fyv mahara-t ; 2jU* satara-t; &-i\J labaqa-t; &\$*- ha?aqa-t. Clew, s. see Clue. Click, s. «£*«i\ g~* nasj al'ankabut (pi. e^-* nisaj) ; » «*~5u*N j**.*«N «>** bait al-'ankabut. Cochineal, a. (insect) yjft So^a duda-t al-qirmiz; lthZ±f kosaniliya-t. — (dye) yf qirmiz. Cock, a. *k* dik (pL **>y*> duyuk). Cock, v. (a gun) £\ «^Sj\ auqaf ad-dik, yuqif ; JMAAJ\ Jmi qa"ad a^-^aqmaq, yuqa"id. Cockatrice, *. «^WJ^ tauq (pi. J^^ atwaq); *>$* qilada-t (pi. ^t^* qilayid) ; Afic 'uqd, 'aqd (pi. Jyte *uqiid). Collar, v. J-** 'aunaq, yu'anniq. Collate, v. J*U> qabal, yuqabil. Collateral, adj. %j$f" mutawazi ; «j;^^* musawi. Collation, 8. ^^* muqabala-t. — (repast between two meals) &£\ akla-t. Colleague, s. J^j zamil (pi. %•) zumala) ; ,3**; rafiq (pi. Wj rufaqa). Collect, v. £** jama 4 , yajma' ; ^ lamm, yalumm; j^ t az > yahuz. — (gather fruit) ^y* jana,yajni. Collected, acy. (*eZ/-j)OMe«*e(i) 9

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£;**•* majmu' (pi. g**^ majamiS~ savir. Colloquialism, s. &**& lugayya-t. Colloquy, 8. &*>W* muhadaga-t ; £JA^ muhataba-t ; *jj^* muhawara-t. Collusion, 8. ,3^ ittifaq; S^^t* muhamara-t. Collusive, adj. ^W gaddar ; y^» muhamir. Collyrium, 8. J^ kuhl (pi. JW^ akhal ; W>y tutiya ; t^jy* surma-h. Colonel, s. ^\ j~»\ amir (mir) alai ; ^V* c»5jlt baliik basi. Colonisation, s. S^W* muhajara-t. Colonise, v. gfc hajj, yahujj ; j*A* Mjar, yuhajir. Colonist, s. g*^& hajij ; j +* z~* * musta'mir. Colonnade, 8. ^\j* *-*-» saff 'awamid. Colony, 8. (body of colonists) &W &-+\jt> iama'at hajja-t ; d - rU-> t^^te*}* jama'at al-muhajirin. — (country) £**V» *xl* balad tabi'a-t. Colorist, *. t)J^» mulawwin. Colour, *. ^y lawn (pi. y\f\ alwan). — (coZows) Jjti bairaq (pi.

j^ bayariq); *e\> raya-t; ^ 'alam (pi. ,«M a'lam). Colour, u.a. ^ law wan, yulawwin ; £**> sabbag, yusabbig. — (blush) j+*-\ ahmarr, yahmarr. Colt, 8. #• muhr (pi. jw\ amhar, £%+ mihiir). Colter, Coulter, *. «&>^*H *£~

sikka-t al - mihras (pi. ^*Vc 'am (id (pi. •V^j* 'awamid) ; *y«* 'amud (pi. S»ux\ a'inida-t). Comb, 8. )***• must, m\&\ (pi. ±\£>*\ amsat). — (honey-comb) J— * \) zad ; \J*\*~ ma'as ; «y^S qut (pi. &\)*\ aqwat). Comet, s. s-*^^ s-fj^ kaukab azzanab (pi. ^Si\ s-^/ kawakib

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al-aznab) ; s-^^ &*r najma-t bi-zanab. Comfit, s. ^ hulu, S^U hulwa-t (pi. ^5^ halawa, *a?\j^ halawat). Compobt, *. (ease) &je- sahula-t ; &*Aj raha-t; &~*k bulahniya-t ; j~>i yusr, yusur. — {consolation) aJ— 5 tasliya-t ; hf> ta'ziya-t ; Jl-» tasalli ; ^UH ^^ jabran al-M^ir. Comfort, v. salla, yusalli ; ja Saddad, yusaddid.

Comfortable, adj. J«~ sabil ; &y murih ; {$** bayyin ; s-*-^* munasib; •>**; ragld. Comfortableness, s. &je- sabula-t. Comic, Comical, adj. *aW^ mudhik. Comicality, s. &£*-&* inadhaka-t; Cf mazh (pi. c^* mizah) ; S^—^ mashara-t. Coming, s. *)# wuriid. Command, s. y\ amr (pi. y\y\ awamir) ; {£** hukm (pi. f>&*\ ahkam). Command, v. j+\ amar, ya'mur. Commander, s. (&*■ hakim (pi. f\£*» hukkam) ; j~*\ amir (pi. V^ uraara). — (of an army) ^ qavid. — (of a garrison) k*^* muhafiz. Commandment, s. l#°y wasiya-t (pi. V*Uj wasaya). — (the ten) *&\ ^j wasaya allah ; w\*X j**&\ al-'asar kalimat. Commemobable, adj. fh yuzkar (3 pres. pass.). Commemorate, v. j& zakar, yazkur ; j&* tazakkar, yatazakkar. Commemoration, s. /** zikr. Commemorative, adj. tsj^* 5 tazkari-y. Commence, v. ^ bada, yabda; tort ibtada, yabtadi ; J«* ja'al, yaj'al.

Commencement, s. \^\ ibtida ; c Usi\ iftitah ; ras. Commend, v. t±* madah, yamdah ;

.U** hamad, yahmud ; *-&*>) wasaf , yasif. Commendable, adj. c^**** mamduh ; •** *- hamid ; *y+&+ mahmud ; ^y°y* mausuf. Commendation, s. *+*. hamd ; »Uyfe* niahmad ; &*" madh ; *>**» » tamjid. Commendatoby, adj. a+^* muhammid. Comment, Commentaby, s. ty* sarh (pi. t)r* ^uruh) ; j*~ti tafsir (pi. ^s~to tafasir). Comment, v. t/» sarah, yasrah ; j~i fassar, yuiassir. Commentator, *. C;^» sarih (pi. tfj* surrah). Commerce, s. ^^a* matjar; ^V^> tijara-t. — (intercourse) S p frU* inu'asara-t ; &*o.Uo* musahaba-t. Commercial, adj. ^W* tujari-y. Commingle, v.a. ^ halat, yahlu£ ; n. \k&\ ihtalat, yahtalit. Commiserate, v. ^ rahim, yarham ; U-\ asnad). — (delegation) £jtfj wakala-t. — ('perpetration) *tJ&3j\ irtikab. Commission, v. ^y wassa, yuwassi ;

J^ wakkal, yuwakkil. Commissioner, *. J^y* muwakkal ; J**3 wakil. Commit, v. (intrust, deposit) fX* sallam, yusallim; g^ wada*, yada'. — (imprison) irtakab, yartakib. Committal, Commitment, s. (to

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prison) Uj badayi') ; SjW* tijara-t; s-**~ sabab (pi. s^W-^ asbab). Commodore, *. ))*y$ komodor. Common, adj. f\* 'amm ; ^yy** 'umumi-j ; d j -z&* mustarik. — (usual) ^{#&\ i'tiyadi-y ; jVsa*

mu'tad. — (ignoble) j*'i*» haqir. Common, *. ^J^ maidan, midan (pi. e>* J ^* mayadin) ; &y marj (pi. SW muruj). Commonness, 8. Sy£ kasra-t ; JjW tadawul. Commotion, s. a^ haraka-t. — (perturbation) &** fitna-t ; £Utt qalqala-t; ^»\Ju\ idtirab; *yJ tamarrud. Commune, v. UW halat, yuhalit ; j*>\* 'asar, yu'tUir. Communicate, v. (impart information) j*&\ ahbar, yuhbir; 'arraf, yu'arrif. — (be connected) J*^ ittisal, yattasil; &* nafaz, yanfuz. — (partake of the Lord's Supper) u-J^U^ q\*^\ JjVtf tanawal al-qurban al-muqaddas, yatanawal; ^ a . s jS \ q\*j&\ ^jSS taqarrab al-qurban al-muqaddas, yataqarrab. Communicative, adj. oj^ qarau bi, yuqarin ; s-» M» Kabbah bi, vusabbib. Comparative, adj. { jte***S tasbihi-y. Comparative, 8. (degree) J*-a» tafg*il. — (noun) J*^ ^ ism attain. Comparison, s. &~-&j tasbih ; i#U*» musabaha-t; J*JU> tamsil ; &*Uu muqabala-t ; &~-aVa* muqayasa-t. Compartment, s. (*~* qism (pi. f^^\ aqsam) ; Vc ; wi'a' (pi. ^Lcj\ au'iya-t). Compass, s. (circle) S^U dayira-t ; S ; \as«.\ istidara-t ; ;^a daur (pi. j\)^ adwar). — (extent, limit) j\*vfi* miqdar; Aew hadd (pi. *y^ feudud). — (^e mariner's) 0-** ^»S^ bet al-ibra-t ; fiU^ busola-t ; Afi^huqqa-t; «tW hikk ; qibla-t nama-h. — (pair of compasses) j^ti baikar, bikar (pi. /W* bayakir, j£\$ bawilkir). Compass, v. (surround) v» ^^ ahat bi, yuhit ; *-JaS kannaf, yukannif.— (attain) JU nal, yanal ; J-a^ hassal, yuhassil. Compassion, s. Asia, ^afaka-t; marhama-t ; &5j riqqa-t. Compassionate, adj. «jya» safuq ; *> tasnif (pi. oLoU» tasanif) ; ^^\ insa. Compositor, s. (of types) ^y murattib. Compost, s. »>j zibl ; flWj zabala-t. Composure, s. &u*U1> tumanina-t ; £)U**U i^minan. Compound, *. U± hil$ (pi. ^ ahlat) ; s-**/* raurakkab. Compound, v. ^ halafc yahlut ; ^Sj rakkab, yurakkib. Comprehend, v. (understand) p& fahiin, yafham; csJjj\ adrak, yudrik. — (comprise) g-j wasi', yasa' ; { J* sf*^ ihtawa 'ala, ya^tawi ; J^ J+**\ istamal 'ala, yaStamil. Comprehensible, adj. (*&*t yanfahim ; j»^» mafhuin. Comprehension, s. (intellect) ^e» fahm (pi. f& fahum) ; J&* 'aql (pi. Jy* 'uqul) ; Jy* suit ; &J^* musalaha-t ; \ istalah, yas^alih. — (expose) W laft, yaluUCompulsion, s. (*\j\ ilzam; s-*** gasb; v>*— ' *** igtisab; JL-t+\ ijbar.

Compulsory, adj. j+v mujbir; f}+ mulzhn. Compunction, s. WaJ uadama-t ; pl~»*^ ihtisab. Compute, v. » « * hasab, yah sub ; ^jL-o. J+c 'amil hisab, ya'mal; s-*— ^ ihtisab, yahtasib. Comrade, s. takwim. Congratulate, v. ^y* hanna, yuhanni ; cs3^W barak, yubarik. Congratulation, s. £**& tahniya-t (pi. J^ tahani). Congratulatory, adj. { j**~ muhanni. Congregate, v.a. g*+ jama*, yajioa ( ; n. &J+\ ijtama, yajtami*. Congregation, s. &W jama'a-t; ^a* » >» jain'iya-t ; gU-s^\ ijtima* ; £»»* majma' (pi. g^W« majami'). Congress, 0. (^W* majlis (pi. ^^ majalis) ; JW» mahfil (pi. J»W« ma^afil). Conic, adj. oS^* mahru^i-y. — (conic sections) va>\J»^ae» manrii-

tiyat. Conjectural, adj. ^-Wi qiyasi-y ; ^5^ wahmi-y ; ^j-J^- hadsi-y. Conjecture, s. y-** & tahmin; p~f tawassum ; ^ty tawahhum ; ^; rajm. Conjecture, v. yk zann, yagunn ; i3+± hamman, yuhammin; f+) rajam, yarjum ; p*f tawahham, yatawahham. Conjoin, v.a. J-»^ wassal, yuwassil ; e>) zawwaj, yuzawijj ; g - » ^ jama', yajma* ; ^ qaran, yaqrin; n. J-»\ ittasal, yattasil ; £***^ ijtama', yajtami'; c)7-^\ iqtaran, yaqtarin. 10

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Conjoint, adj. J— »*• muttasil; £*^V mujtami* ; J^s* in ut tabid. Conjugal, adj. ^^j ziji-j ; W\ ittihad; J^\ ittisal; &-\j* muwasala-t. — (in grammar) «-^L*M *J^ harf al-'atf (pi. *->#*• huruf). Conjuncture, b. JV^ £**-£ kaifiya-t al-ahwal ; J^ b»l (pi- J^ ahwal). Conjuration, «. &•*)* 'azima-t (pi. ^y* 'azayim) ; , *)*> ta'zim. Conjure, v. {entreat earnestly) Al5l* &JLc r ^-i\ aqsam 'ale- hi bi-'llah-i, yuqsim. — (spirits, 'Ac.) ^ ^ 'azzam 'ala, yu'azzim ; p~J*~\ istaqsam, yastaqsim. Conjurer, *. ^f 'azzam; ff* rau'azzim ; ;W* sahhar. Connect, v. J-j wassal, yuwasail ; 0/ qaran, yaqrin, yaqrun. Connection, Connexion, *. JU?\ ittisal ; zabayin). Connivance, s. rusd ; ^j w'ai ; fl* *ilm ; o 2 ^ ra 4 a ^» yarda ; J-i qabil, yaqbal. Consequence, «. j*>V* sadir ; J*^hasil ; a**^ 'aqiba-t (pi. s-**V 'awaqib). — (importance) J** siql ; fj&fc 'uzm. Consequent, ad/. ^^* tabi' ; J^* tali ; { J*** mutatalli. Consequential, adj. p**" mutakabbir ; ^As^ mutafahhir. Conservation, s. &\**> hifaza-t. Conservative, adj., s. k*^ b ft fiz ; )ti\^» muhafiz. Conservatory, s. (greenhouse) o^-i* mambat (pi. cw^« manabit) ; vs^--^ munabbit ; SUufc^ ma^tat. Conserve, s. £*» halu (pi. ^ halawa) ; W/* murabba (pi. «wVjv» murabbat, wa>^^« murabbawat) ; jW; risar (pi. ^*^; rawasir). Conserve, v. (in sugar) p* gubut.— (density) &Vtf kagafa-t. Consistent, adj. (composed of) J« J »gA * mustamil 'ala. — (710$ contradictory) &V*" mu^abiq ; t/tfU* ^t gair muuaqid. — (solid)

> y +'\j*!tt jjW\ ittifaq al-aswat. Consonant, adj. (agreeing) vJ*** muttafiq; rafiq. (husband, wife) &fi zauj ; &^j zauja-t (pi. g^j\ azwaj). Consort, v. j*\* 'asar, yu'aslr ; UU. halat, yuhali^. Conspicuous, adj.yt^ zahir; £-a\j wadih. Conspicuou8NESS, s. \yfr zuhur. — (celebrity) £&Jb>\ i^tihar. Conspiracy, s. ^JW- muhalafa-t; *-ti\e* tahaluf ; y^ tahamur. Conspire, t?. *-A3l^ Mlaf, yuhalif; uJftc* tahalaf, yatahalaf ; s-^«> ta'assab, yata'assab. Constable, 8. WU ^abit ; y*V

qawwas; ^/i 6urta-t (pi. 1^ ^urat). Constabulary, s. dj*J\ v >L-^o\ ashab ad-dark ; ^ ^ura^. Constancy, *. l*)\±+ mudawama-t ; j\j+z~\ istimrar; vsAy gabat. Constant, adj. «^V> sabit; +£*+ mudawim ; » , ^ V \j* muwagib ; j + a~" m\i8tammir. Constellation, s. j»yr &#* sura-t nujiim (pi. ;r o suwar).— (of the zodiac) sfl burj (pi. c^ buruj). Consternation, s. Zaj** dahaia-t ; ^Lj^jj^ indiha^; I,-** hira-t, haira-t. Constipate, v. J^i qabba^, yaqabbid. — (be constipated) j±t&\ inqabacl, yanqabiVa»\ i'tiqad ; (**> / tartib; s^/ tarkib. — (explanation) J*j°^ ta'wil. Construe, v. (explain) j~b fassar, yufassir ; c/> sarafe, yairalj. Consul, s. J**i qonsul (pi. J-»Ui qan&stt).

Consulate, s. W-^i qonsuliya-t. Consult, v. ;jU sawar, yuiawir ; jyUS taiawar, yata&iwar ; ;L£a-\

ista£ar, yastaiir. Consultation, *. 5^Va*« musawara-t. Consume, v. (eat) JS^ akal, ya'kul. — (spend, waste) *U*\ ahlak, yuhlik ; s-*y saraf, yasrif ; (&-\ asqam, yusqim. Consumption, *. (use, spending) ^iy sarf; &y harj. — (consumptiveness) J~ sill ; J~ N W da* assill ; y. bahar. Consumptive, adj. J/— * maslM ; ytp^. bahir. Consummate, v. J+* kammal, yukammil; p+» tammam, yutammim. Consummate, adj. J^^ kamil ; fV* tarn ; pUs tamam. Consummation, s. Je^J takmil ; pUs\ itmam. Contact, s. v~d lams; &~*3u» mulamasa-t ; ta'animul. Contemplative, adj. J**U* muta'ammil ; /**• mutafakkir ; s-^/* muraqib. Contemporaneous, adj., Contemporary, adj., 8. y^*+ mu'asir. — {contemporaries) q\+$\ Ja\ ahl az-zaman. Contempt, s. j \**±\ ihtiqar; W j tidal^ yujadil.— (vie) jAt gayar, yugayir; ^U? tagayar, yataga-

yar. Content, adj. ^y-v mabsu* ; \ radi. Content, Contentment, 8. kL*^ imbisat ; Uj rida ; &eU* qana'a-t. — (contents) o^-a* macjniun. Content, v. ^ ratfda, yurad^i ; ^)\ arda, yurdi ; £** qanna 4 , yuqanni*. Contention, s. Z*f*s» husuma-t ; i**^« muhasama-t ; &ejL* munaza'a-t; fl*>V» mujadala-t. — (emulation) Sj*k gaira-t ; ;>U? tagayur. Contentious, adj. gjU* munazi'; ^«tae» iuuhasim. Contest, v. £%a» hajjaj, yuhajjij ; J*>W jadal, yujadil; gjU naza', yunazi' ; ^>U. hasam, yuhasim. Contest, 8. &*y*s» husuma-t ; &cjU* munaza'a-t. Context, *. i^5 qarina-t; &* main (pi. ^j** mutun). Contexture, *. s-**9? tarkib ; ^U-i nisaja-t; fVL> nizam. CONTIGUITY, 8. J^ ittisal; &o%» mulasaqa-t ; j^sH iltisaq. Contiguous, adj. J*** muttaeil ; v5*sU multaaiq ; J*1U mulasiq.

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Continence, Continenct, «. Jub) zuhd ; &* 'iffat ; £# wara*. Continent, *. $ barr (pi. j^j burur). Continent, adj. JJ*>\) zahid ; s-^v mujtanib ; »... w muhtami ; %)f+ Diutawarri*.

Continental, adj. ^ barri-y. CONTINGENCE, CONTINGENCY, 8. Va. hadisa-t (pi. s±>S\f* ^awadis). Contingent, adj. ^te 'arid ; o^ 'aridi-y ; * 'awaj,. 'iwaj ; eW^\ i'wijaj ; ^\fti\ in'iwaj. Contour, s. fyU dayira-t; ^JJ tadwir. Contraband, 8. «t>UyL^» mamnu'at ; ^^ AcU> bada'at muhraja-t. Contract, 8. J*c 'aqd (pi. oy^ *uqud) ; !>/• sart (pi. ^ Surfy). — (in writing) v»«^ ftitab (pi. s^ kutub) ; **o. hujjat (pi.

G^^ hujaj. Contract, v. (draw closer together) f**> 4amm, yadumm; o^ 4ayyaq, yudayyiq. — (wrinkle), a. (jM qabbad, yuqabbi^; u^ qallas, yuqallis ; n. J^Si\ inqaba^, yanqabicj; ^j&s taqallas, yataqallas. — (contract debts) ^JJ ta-

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day y an, yatadayyan. — (enter into a contract) Ly* J** ^-* dadad, yuVifi 'inad ; *y> tamarrud. Contumelious, adj. (insolent) M— safih (pi. V- sufaha'); ^V* fadih; ^ waqih (pi. c^j wiqa^).

— (haughtily reproachful) /; ■ » *— mutajabbir. Contumely, *. ^Vc 'ar ; ^->-i* f adiha-t. Contuse, v. ^/Wj raddad, yurad^id ; yj>y*j ra^rad, yuradrid. Contusion, s. &*j radda-t; ^ rad4 ; *•»*> dai^a-t. Conundrum, *. W» naqt (pi. ^\&\ anqaO; ^^ nukta-t (pi. o\e. hadas, yubadis ; « *»> rd t tahaddas, yutahaddas ; s±>s\cJ tahadas, yu tahadas ; f&3 takallam, yatakallam. Conversion, s. s-^» taqallub; fiV^u.\ istihfila-t. — (in a religious sense) **f tauba-t ; c>U*^ J\ £j^

rujfi' ila-'l-iman. Convert, v. (change) s-*li qalab, yaqlib; J^ ahal, yuhil. — (in a religious sense) *>; radd, yarudd ; £►; rajja', yurajji*. Convert, s. J*s^ dahil ; J\ g*\> ^jUjS^ raji' ila-'l-iman. Convertibility, *.^*AsN ^Uqabiliya-t at-tagayyur. Convertible, adj. ^*sj yatagayyar. Convex, adj. v>.w« muhaddab; taqabbub. Convey, v. J» naqal, yanqul ; JiV*

naqal, yunaqil ; £l* ballag, yuballig. Conveyance, s. (act of conveying) J* naql; £*M tablig. — (means of conveying) w*y markab (pi. s-fy« marakib). Convict, v. Jc c^*> sabbat 'ala, yusabbit; { J& c^*ft asbat 'ala, yusbit. Convict, s. ffi* mulzam. Conviction, s. (of a crime) «yl*>\ pj-*2\ isbat aj-jarm. — (firm belief) U* munadama-t. Convocation, «. £U*^ ijtima'; (jJ^k* majlis (pi. J-5 V* majalis) ; Q\jt dawawin). Convoke, v. gUa^^M amar bi-'lijtima', ya'mur. Convoy, v. /* gaffar, yugaffir ; ^ haffar, yuhaffir. Convoy, s. /* gafar ; J± hafar ; Sbks. hafaga-t. Convulse, v. «-A^ rajjaf, yurajjif ; fy) za'za', yuza'zi*. Convulsion, 8. \y&\ iltiwa' ; ^^S talawwi ; S^«5 laqwa-t ; &*** taSannuj. Cook, v. ^» t a bab, yatbuh. Cook, s. t^ tabbah. Cookery, s. £*!» tabh. Cool, adj. ^ barid. Cool, v. a. ^ barrad, yubarrid ; n. tytS tabarrad, yatabarrad. Coolness, 8. Sj^ burAda-t. Coop, s. (cage) \*3\ aqfas) ; & qunn (pi. t)Ui qimin). — (cask) J#^» barmil (pi. J**\^ baramil). Coop, v. J&* qaffas, yuqaffis. Cooper, s. o^*V baramili-y; s-»W* qabbab. Cooperage, s. J>\z£\ J*** mi*mal al-batati.

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Co-operate, v. J*U sa'ad, yusa'id. Co-OPERATION, 8. $JkfiL~* mUSH'ada-t. Co-ORDINATE, adj. &t?j«tt J*** masil al-martaba-t. Co-partner, s. «*^;* sarik (pi. d\j*\ airak, tf/> 6uraka'). Co-partnership, Co-partnery, 8. &V» 6iraka-t. Cope, v. {j^* maras, yumaris ; ^cL. sa'a, yasa'i; j;W* tabaraz, yatabaraz. Copious, adj. JjA^ jazil; ^" kasir ; jl\y wafir. Copiousness, *. ij£ ka§ra-t ; ^-j ruhs ; U. ; raha*. Copper, a. rabita-t. Copulate, v.a. g^j zawwaj, yuzawwij ; y&* 'as^ar, yu'ai&r ; n. $tf tazawwaj, yatazawwaj ; &y*)\ izdawaj, yazdawij ; j£*> ta'a^ar, yata'a&ar. Copulation, 8. a**^* mujama'a-t; g*^y tazwij. Copy, 8. &3&~s nusha-t; %y sura-t (pl.jr B ? uwar )Copy, v. ts^y ±*\ ahaz surathu,

ya'huz ; £-~* nasah, yansah ; J** naqal, yanqul. Copyist, 8. £-U nasih (pi. fcL-i nussah) ; j\)j warraq ; s-^^ katib (pi. s-»^ kuttab, &+& kataba-t). Coquet, v. g± ganij, yagnaj ; &*s tagannaj, yatagannaj ; Ji^> tadallal, yatadallal. Coquetry, *. &± gunj, gunuj ; gUfc gunaj. Coquette, s. &+j& ganij a-t. Coquettish, adj. £** ganij. Coral, 8. &\*y marjaa; ±~i bussaz ; *x~i busd. Cord, 8. J-** habl (pi. JW*- hibal) ; &~f uiarasa-t (pi. v*y maras, \j\y\ ainriis). Cordial, adj. (sincere) fjt^ qal-

bi-y ; huwar, g\)j»> huran). Core, *. «^-i* qalb (pi. vj 1 * qulub) ; (**+* samim. Cork, 8. ^jji fillin ; &U*. haffana-t. — (stopper) &«U fillina-t; So\asidada-t (pi. a^ju. sadayid). Cork, v. a- sadd, yasudd. Corkscrew, *. &*^ barma-t; **ty ban ma- 1. Cormorant, s. J^yu\ asfarud ; jVJ U3\ qaq al-ma'.

Corn, 8. (grains) ^-m qaroh ; vj*°hubub. — (a single grain) £*•• habba-t. — (on the foot) j~* 'usiiw; JUj dumal; y-Wj duhas. Cornea, «. ( I ^«J\ &eJ^s qarniya-t al*ain. Corner, 8. h£) zawiya-t (pi. k^fi zawaya) ; X*y» qurna-t (p.!. ^y qarani). Corner-stone, *. tyfl f**- hajar az-zawiya-t; ^ rukn (pi. ^^ arkan). Cornice, s. \ij*\ ifriz ; uij raff (pi. uy ; rufuf). Corn-merchant, s. s-»j*4^ £Wi bayya 4 al-hubiib ; ^U fami-y. Corolla, s. p$ kimm (pi. ^U^\ akmam). Corollary, s. S^ip qarina-t (pi. &\/ qarayin) ; Z**si natija-t (pi. gi^si natayij) ; A«*V? tabi'a-t (pi. C?V tawabi*). Corona, «. (halo) &&** halqa-t. Coronal, Coronet, *. J-l^ iklil (pi. J*W akalil); 6 W taj (pi. aW tijan). Coronation, *. ^^t julus ; JJ^ taklil ; $fS tatawwuj. Corporal, adj. ^^^ jasadi-y ; jU-^ jismani-y.

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Cob] Cobpobal, 8. ^ q*\ on basi (Turk). Corporate, adj. £*q** mujamma'. Corporation, *. JcW jama'a-t. Corporeal, adj. ^U~s»» jismani-y. Corps, *. iUc ty firqa-t 'asakir (pi. jji firaq). Corpse, s. haba' (pi. W*rt ahba). Correct, v. (amend) &** ?ahhah, yufahhih ; ^JU 9 allah, yu§allih.— (punish) s-sVc 'aqab, yu'aqib ; ufl*V5 qa?a?, yuqa§is. Correct, adj. £**** §ahih, t«-Amadbut. Correction, *. (emendation) C JU ta§li^ ; c^ i?lah; &*** tashih. —(punishment) ^-o-S qi 9 a? ; &*->to* muqa^af a-t ; Sjlac -*& la'im (pi. ^VsJ

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li'am, ^V lu'ama) ; &+\J5 tifraja-t. Cowardice, Cowardliness, *. &\**» jabana-t. Cower, v. ff) raka', yarka*. Cowl, *. s-*V^ ^Z §°b ar-rahib (pi. s-»V^ a §wab); (*£-\ iskim. Coxcomb, «. jy*** gandur. Coy, adj. (+****?• muhtaiim. Coyness, *. fa waqar ; &* 'iffa-t ; ijB\ aqrad, yuqrid. Creditable, adj. ps** mu'tabar. CRRDITABLENES8, *. J*Z*\ i'tiMr Criditob, *. {^i^\ ^r^Xo sahib ad din (pi. s-^*^ ashab) ; y*^ v»j rabb ad-din (pi. s-»^ arbab) yi±+ mudayyin ; p»jk garim (pi U^fc gurama'). Credulity, *. uUuc^N j^j zaud al i'tiqad; Wi. sadaja-t. Credulous, adj. *>Usc3\ gj^. sari* al-i'tiqad. Creed, s. yW$\ *M^ 'aqayid aliman. Creek, s. g*k* halij (pi. gk* huluj, qW*» huljan). Creep, v. v>*> dabb, yadubb ; «-Aoj zahaf, yaz^af; ^ hamm, yahumm. Crescent, *. J^ halal (pi. &*\ ahilla-t). Cress, s. «-*^ hurf ; UN *\±j rasad al-ma' ; if qurra-t. Crest, *. ft^i qumbara-t (pi. ^*Ui qanabir) ; «J^ 'uruf (pi. «-*\^\ a'raf). Crb8ted, adj. y\ abu dardan; ****** judjud (pi. «**»W jadajid).

Crier, s. «^U* munadi. — (of a mosque) (*v taham bi, yathim. Crimination, *. &*e> fcuhama-t (pi. ^ tuham). Crimp, Crimple, v. *u> ja"ad,*yuja"id. Crimson, *. yj* qirmiz.

Crimson, adj. ijj-f qirmizi-y. Crimson, v.a. yfo* ja"ad, yuja"id ; ^^ jau'ad, yujau'id. Criterion, «. q\&s nisan (pi. (^AiW* nayasin) ; ^»)U 'alama-t (pi. ^ 'alam, ^)U 'alayim) ; S ; ^ isara-t; JJ*> dalil. Critic, «., ^**A* bah is ; vi^a.V^ mubahis. Critical, adj. ^t*. bahsi-y. Criticise, v. *^aA* bahas, yubahis ; }t&\ &-j jj\ adaqq fihi an-najar, yudiqq. — (find fault with) f2 ^lam,yalum; JJ^azal, ya'zul.

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Criticism, a. *±**. bats (pi. *±>Uc»\ abljas) ; &»»W* mubahasa-t. Croak, *. (of a raven) s~«* na'b ; v»to nu'ab. — (of a frog) «Jhs* naqiq. Croak, v. s»-*-* na'ab, yan'ab, ya'nib ; «J* ^aqq, yaniqq. Crock, *. &* qulla-t (pi. Jl* qulal, J)fci qilal) ; Mf barrada-t ; S,U> na'ara-t. Crockery, *. SjVa** fuhhara-t (pi. jU»* fahhar) ; «-*ys- hazaf . Crocodile, a. c^~ * timsah (pi. ea-W tamasih). Crocus, a. oV*) za'fran. Croft, a. fyj*^ hakura-t (pi. ;**V* hawakir). Crook, a. ^V^ ^^ dama', yadma* ; damma', yudammi'. — (proclaim) ^\i nada, yunadi. Cry, s. cW-» eiyab; l*y* sarha-t; cy naub; ^4* nauha-t. — (weeping) ; V£j buka\ Crystal, b. sj* billur (pi. j£*& y+* bajar al-billur. Crystallisation, a. *>Uflr^ injimad ; JJv tajlid. Crystallise, v.a. «u*. jammad, yujammid; jfjb J** ye* sayyar

misl al-billur, yusayyir; n. jU j£J\ j£* sar niial al-billur, yasir. Cub, 8. (fox) £*jU* mu'awiva-t. — (lion) J-a. &bl (pi. JWM aSbal, J^_jA 6ubM, MW* sibal, J— e*t aibul). — (bear) j