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lDGdF_^S@38=09

Steifjd Fspertm - Drmhmjm rdgfjze

Getd`dldhmf `ellf _mcercf Imldldhmcf _dgfjzf (Ujmversmtî `ehlm Stu`m `m Gessmjf)

Stu@dcu jdj â spdjsdrmzzftd d suppdrtftd `f jessujf ujmversmtî d ftejed.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)

 

lDGdF_^S@38=09

SPEIFJD SPEI FJD FS^E_ FS^E_PM D_MHMJM _DGFJ[E

F^^UJPM @M YM_HMJMF SCDHLMD

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)

 

lDGdF_^S@38=09

cfgpd pd `m `m mj`fh mj`fhmje mje 6. Ml cfg

L'evdluzmdje lmjhumstmcf cbe pdrtf `fl lftmjd flle lmjhue rdgfjze â iruttd `m uj  prdcessd gdltd cdgplessd e frtmcdlftd su pmý lmvellm, cbe culgmjf jell'Fltd Ge`mdevd (089 - 6>>>) e pdrtf fllf rmdrhfjmzzfzm rmdrhfjmzzfzmdje dje `m judve ujmtî lmjhumstmcbe. lmjhumstmcbe. Vueste judve lmjhue e letterfture cdstmtumscdjd ml jucled essejzmfle `elle fttuflm lmjhue e letterfture jfzmdj jfz mdjflm flm rdgfjz rdgfjzee `m queste queste rehmdj rehmdjmm `'Eurd `'Eurdpf; pf; pdr pdrtdh tdhbes bese, e, spf spfhjd hjdld, ld, ir irfjc fjcese ese,, mtflmfjd Ml pujtde`mcftflfjd. pfrtejzf `m questd prdcessd â, dvvmfgejte, lf lftmjmtî, futejtmcd ifttdre culturfle ujmimcfjte `el gdj`d fjtmcd dccm`ejtfle. 6.6 ^rdolegm `m idj`d; dhhettm e rmcdstruzmdje stdrmcf

^er lf rmcercf stdrmcf e stdrmcd-lmjhumstmcf `el prdcessd dhhettd `el jdstrd stu`md, â  pdssmomle tejere mj cdjsm`erfzmdje cdjsm`erfzmdje flgejd `ue percdrsm `m mj`fhmje; `f uj lftd trdvmfgd, trdvmfgd, mjifttm, `em `ftm, cbe bfjjd ujf ldrd mj`uoomf cdjcretezzf, fjcbe mj tergmjm `m gftermflmtî. ^er le ifsm pmý fjtmcbe, dvvmfgejte, jdj `m `msp spdj djmf mfgd gd,, cdg cdge ofsm ofsm `m cdjd cdjdsc scej ejzf zf,, cbe cbe `m smjh smjhdl dlee id idrg rge, e, er errd rdrm rm d stdrpmfture, e smjhdle pfrdle, ofrofrmsgm, mj`mvm`ufomlm mj testm fjcdrf lftmjm; ques qu este te mjjd mjjdvf vfzm zmdj djmm sdjd sdjd cl clfs fssm smim imcfo cfoml mlmm cdge cdge “r “rdg dgfj fjms msgm gm‗‗ ejtr ejtrdd cdjt cdjtes estm tm cdjservftmvm1 pdm, hrf`ftfgejte cdgpfmdjd irfggejtm testuflm pmý cbmfrfgejte vdlhfrm e qumj`m testm rdgfjzm mjtehrm e cderejtm, vmf vmf segpre pmý cdgplessm e futdjdgm; f pfrtmre `fm secdlm R-RM gdltm `m questm testm bfjjd cfrfttermstmcbe cbmfre cbe pergettdjd `m clfssmimcfrlm cdge testm letterfrm rdgfjzm, `mversmimcftm  per tegm e per idrge. Cmfscujd `m questm testm, dvvmfgejte, â siruttftd siruttftd mj quflmtî `m `dcugejtd, cdge idjte `m mjidrgfzmdjm cmrcf ld svmluppd `elle vfrmetî lmjhumstmcbe. Dhhettm `m stu`md sdjd, qumj`m, jel jdstrd cfsd, m testm, cdsì cdge imhurfjd jelle idjtm fjtmcbe cbe ce lm bfjjd b fjjd trfgfj`ftm. `flll'fl `f l'fltr trff pfrt pfrtee foom foomfg fgd, d, mjve mjvece ce,, ujf ujf gfter ftermf mf `m stu`m tu`mdd `mve `mverrsf, lf cdjimhurfzmdje e lf rmcdstruzmdje `m uj prdcessd lmjhumstmcd e stdrmcd-culturfle. 



L'espdsmzmdje sm svmlupperî, lujhdfjflmtmcd `ue percdrsm `mversm. Ml prmgd `escrmttmvd e puÿ pergettersmcdsì, `m essere jellfcdjdscmtmvm presejtfzmdje `em `ftm1 l'fltrdâ  percdrsd, mjvece, â smjtetmcd e rmcdstruttmvd, e sm cdstrumsce mj idrgf `m mpdtesm stdrmcdcrmtmcf. M `dcugejtm, qumj`m, `evdjd essere vflutftm e fjflmzzftm tejej`d cdjtd e `ellf ldrd `m `mge gejs jsmd mdje je spfz spfzmf mfle le e `m quel quellf lf te tegp gpdr drfl fle. e. Uj sm smjh jhdl dldd test testd, d, mjdl mjdltr tre, e, fjcb fjcbee `m `mgejsmdje rm`dttf, purcbâ smf lmgpm`d, vfle cdge prdvf `ell'esmstejzf e cdge ofse `ellf cdjdscejzf `ellf vfrmetî lmjhumstmcf cbe mj essd sm rmilette. @mversf â mjvece lf smtufzmdje per quel cbe cdjcerje le letterfture; jellf ifse pmý fjtmcf, lî `dve lf `dcugejtfzmdje â pmý rf`f (sm pfrlf `el RMM secdld per l'fref hflldrdgfjzf e `el RMMM per quellf moermcf e mtflmfjf), dhjm smjhdld testd letterfrmd puÿ vflere, certd, cdge `dcugejtd `m lmjhuf, gf mj qufjtd gdjugejtd letterfrmd vfle sdld dld e` escl esclus usmmvfg vfgejt ejte mj sí stess tessd, d, e jdj jdj se je puÿ puÿ rmcdj mcdj`u `urr rre, e, `ujq `ujque ue,, futdgftmcfgejte l'esmstejzf f` ujf letterfturf cum essd fppfrtejhf.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

6.? ^rdspettmve e pujtm `m vmstf

L”epdcf `m cum cm dccupmfgd â prdolegftmcf, essej`d ujf ifse `m trfjsmzmdje jellf qufle fssugdjd mgpdrtfjzf m ifttdrm `m cdjtfttd e `m ge`mfzmdje. Vuellm cbe foomfgd `m irdjte sdjd smstegm lmjhumstmcm jdj fttestftm d cdjsdlm`ftm, jem quflm cdjcdrrdjd ifttdrm gdlteplmcm, cdge strftmimcfzmdjm lmjhumstmcbe e culturflm. Le letterfture rdgfjze Ge`mdevdlftmjf, sdjd cbe tutte`mvmeje, fttrfversfte `f ujf cbeper gmrfml fll'egulfzmdje `ellf`el trf`mzmdje qumj`m, ujdcdrrejte strugejtd cdjsehumgejtd `m ujf supermdre `mhjmtî idrgfle. 6.3 Jd`m prdolegftmcm; `eimjmzmdjm

^er fiirdjtfre lf hejesm `ehlm fgomtm lmjhumstmcd-culturflm jfzmdjflm e per `eimjmre m  prdcessm cdstmtutmvm `elle vfrme trf`mzmdjm letterfrme, dccdrrerî `eimjmre flcujm tergmjm jem quflm cm sm mgoftterî jell”mjtrfprej`ere ujd stu`md `m tfl tmpd; 6.3.6 @mfsmstegf

Lf `eimjmzmdje `m `mfsmstegf lmjhumstmcd prej`e le gdsse `fl cdjcettd `m lmjhuf cdge smstegf, cdge mjsmege, cmdâ, `m rehdle e prmjcmpm cbe hdverjfjd lf cdgujmcfzmdje lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcff fll' fll'mj mjte terj rjdd `m ujf ujf cdguj cdgujmt mtîî `m pfrl pfrlfj fjtm tm,, e cb cbee `eim `eimjm jmsc scdj djdd qu qumj mj`m `m lf hrfggftmcf `ellf lmjhuf, hfrfjtej`d l”mjtercdgprejsmdje. Cmÿ pregessd, cdj ml tergmje `mfsmstegf, secdj`d ujf `eimjmzmdje segplmimcftf `m Cesfre Sehre, sm `esmhjf d ml supersmstegf cum pdssdjd fiiermre `ue smstegm fiimjm, dppu dp pure re ml smst smsteg egff `m cdgp cdgprd rdge gess ssdd tr trff `ue sm smst steg egmm `m cdjt cdjtft fttd td (ujf (ujf re refl fltî tî,, mj quest”ultmgd cfsd, jellf qufle rmsultfjd cdgpresejtm elegejtm rmiermomlm f pmý smstegm gfhfrm jdj ldjtfjm `f uj mpdtetmcd d pdssmomle smstegf `m ofse, gf cdj questd jdj cdmjcm`ejtm)1 mj fltrm tergmjm, ml `mfsmstegf â presejtfomle cdge lf sdggf `elle vfrmfjtm, sum `mversm lmvellm `m fjflmsm lmjhumstmcf e per `mstmjtm lmvellm sdcmdlmjhumstmcm e  prfhgftmcm, cbe cdgpdjhdjd l”mjsmege l”mjsmege `m ujf stessf stessf lmjhuf. 6.3.? Pestd

Ml testd â uj ejujcmftd scrmttd futdjdgd e futdsuiimcmejte, gf puÿ pure mj`mcfre l”dperf cbe tfle ejujcmftd cdstmtumsce. Mj tergmjm pmý fgpm, ml testd â lf smjtesm `mscdrsmvf (lmjhumstmcf) `m elegejtm culturflm1 `eimjmzmdje, questf, fpplmcfomle smf sul versfjte `elld scrmttd smf `ell”drfle. _mspettd fl jdstrd fgomtd `m stu`md, dccdrre mjjfjzmtuttd rmcdr`fre cbe per tuttf lf ifse fjtermdre fl RR secdld jdj foomfgd per lf `mgejsmdje drfle cbe `elle trfscrmzmdjm, seggfm `elle `escrmzmdjm, `em `ftm sdld scrmttm e cbe le gd`flmtî `m tflm rmcd`mimcfzmdjm  pdssdjd `mpej`ere `f cdj`mzmdjm trf ldrd vfrmfomlm e pdtejzmflgejte pdtejzmflgejte `mstdrcejtm1 sdld f  pfrtmre `fll'fppfrmzmdje prmgm ftlfjtm lmjhumstmcm, trf ml RMR e ml RR secdld, `mspdjmfgd `m trfscrmzmdjm`em crmtmcfgejte cdjtrdllfte e fttej`momlm. Cdjsm`erftd, segpre, ml jdstrd cfgpd `m mj`fhmje, `doomfgd tejere fjcbe presejte ml

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

if iftt ttdd cbe cbe cdj cdj ml te terg rgmj mjee te test stdd pdss pdssdj djdd fjcb fjcbee mjte mjtej` j`er ersm sm ir irfg fgge gejt jtmm `m gmjm gmjmgf gf estejsmdje, smjhdle pfrdle, jdjcbí ujmtî rm`dtte f cdj`mzmdjm `m mjcdgpletezzf d `m fssdlutf irfggejtfrmetî. Je cdjsehue, qumj`m, cbe uj testd, per essere `eimjmtd tfle, jdj `eve essere per idrzf cdgpmutd cd gpmutd e cdgpletd. M testm fjtmcbm, f` esegpmd, cm sdjd jdtm fttrfversd vfrme gd`flmtî (`mverse, certfgejte, `f quelle cbe mjidrgfjd lf reflmzzfzmdje e lf trfsgmssmdje `m uj testd cdge jdm gd`erjm ld mjtej`mfgd); mjcmsmdjm su pfretm, epmhrfim, fppujtm, prdve `m pejjf1 sm trfttf segpre `m gfjuifttm reflmzzftm sullf ofse Vuestd `m ujf cdgpetejzf scrmttdrmf cbe puÿ vfrmfre sejsmomlgejte `f scrmvejte f scrmvejte. cdgpdrtf uj”ultermdre precmsfzmdje, esse essejz jzmf mfle le per per m te test stmm fjtm fjtmcbm cbm;; uj dhhet dhhettd td te test stuf ufle le,, cmdâ, cmdâ, bf tre tre `mge `mgejs jsmd mdjm jm;; ujf ujf lmjhumstmcf, per cum mllustrf pmý d gejd ie`elgejte ld stftd `m ujf lmjhuf, ujf letterfrmf, per cum sm mjscrmve mj uj smstegf letterfrmd, e ujf, mjimje, mj qufjtd dhhettd scrmttd, per cum pfrtecmpf `m ujf trf`mzmdje scrmttdrmf cbe bf le prdprme specmimcmtî. 6.3.3 @dcugejtd/gdjugejtd

Cdj ml tergmje `dcugejtd mjtej`mfgd tuttd cmÿ cbe serve f `dcugejtfre, f idrjmre gezzm d gftermfle mjidrgftmvd mj uj `etergmjftd cfgpd `m rmcercf. M `dcugejtm, qumj`m, jel jdstrd cfsd, sdjd `f mjtej`ersm cdge `ftm `m pfrtejzf `elle jdstre rmcercbe, `m quflsmfsm estejsmdje e quflmtî essm smfjd. Mj gdltm cfsm quellm cbe cm fppfmdjd cdge `dcugejtm sdjd ml rmsultftd `m uj prdcessd `m cdjservfzmdje vdldjtfrmd d cdgujque jdj cdgpletfgejte cfsufle1 essm sdjd,  pertfjtd, `f vflutfre prej`ej`d mj esfge smf m testm d m irfggejtm testuflm, smf m suppdrtm gftermflm cbe lm bfjjd cdjservftm, smf, mjimje, le gd`flmtî `m trfscrmzmdje, mj mjte tehr hrfj fj`d `d,, cdsì cdsì,, jel jel hmu` hmu`mz mzmd md fjcb fjcbee cdjs cdjsm` m`er erfz fzmd mdjm jm `m tmpd tmpd pfle pfledh dhrf rfim imcd cd d cd`mcdldhmcd. Mj questd cfsd foomfgd f cbe ifre cdj gdjugejtm, `epdsmtfrm `m ujf gegdrmf; tflm sdjd, f` esegpmd, m testm letterfrm, prdvvmstm dltre tuttd `m cfrfttermstmcbe idrgflm prdprme `f tejere mj cdjtd jel gdgejtd `m vflutfrje jfturf e cdjservfzmdje. M gdjugejtm, qumj`m, sdjd testm letterfrm cbe sdjd stftm vdldjtfrmfgejte cdjservftm. Lf `mstmjzmdje irf `dcugejtm e gdjugejtm â stftf mjtrd`dttf stfomlgejte `f ^ful [ugtbdr, ml qufle `mstmjhue, jdj pmý mj rfppdrtd fll”dccfsmdje `el `mscdrsd, gf mj vmrtý `ellf suf prdprmetî `m gessfhhmd, m gdjugejtm lmjhumstmcm, cdge m Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd, `fm `dcugejtm, quflsmfsm irfse `m cdgujmcfzmdje cdrrejte. Se sm cdjsm`erf lf tdtflmtî `ehlm fttm lmjhumstmcm pdssmomlm, rmsultf cdgujque cbe ld scrmttd, ml testd, â pmý spessd gdjugejtd cbe `dcugejtd. Mj hejerfle mj dhjm cdgujmtî lmjhumstmcf sm `mstmjhuerî; 6. ujd st stftd ftd `m lmjhuf lmjhuf prmgfrmd prmgfrmd,, `dcuge `dcugejtf jtfrmd rmd,, cdj iujzm iujzmdje dje essejzmf essejzmflg lgejt ejtee cdgujmcftmvf1 ?. ujd ujd stft stftdd se secd cdj` j`fr frmd md,, gdjug gdjugejt ejtfl fle, e, es esms mste tejt jtee mj rf rfpp ppdr drtd td fl pr prmg mgd, d, gf questd mrrm`ucmomle. F questm `ue stftm [ugtbdr prdpdje `m fssdcmfre `ue iujzmdjm specmimcbe e `mstmjte; lf iujzmdje prmgfrmf â `etergmjftf sdlfgejte `flle esmhejze `ell”mjtercdgujmcfzmdje cdrrejte, lf iujzmdje secdj`frmf â `m e`mimcfzmdje, jel `uplmce smhjmimcftd `m questf  pfrdlf; elevfzmdje gdrfle e cdstruzmdje cdstruzmdje `m uj e`mimcmd.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

6.3.0 Drfle/scrmttd

Ld scrm scrmtt ttdd jdj jdj mj`m mj`mvm vm`u `uff mj gfjm gfjmer erff ujmv ujmvdc dcff ujf ujf re refl flmz mzzf zfzm zmdj djee dr drfl flee e quest questdd sdprfttuttd mj epdcbe `m trfjsmzmdje, `ujque `m crmsm e `m rmelfodrfzmdje `em smstegm lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcm; m; pm pmýý hr hrfi fime me pdss pdssdj djdd cdrr cdrrms mspd pdj` j`er eree f` ujd stes stessd sd sudj sudjdd e pmý pmý su sudj djm, m, vmceversf, pdssdjd essere rfppresejtftm sdttd lf stessf hrfimf. Lf precmsf cdrrmspdj`ejzf omujmvdcf trf ifttm hrfimcm e ifttm idjetmcm jdj sm reflmzzf jefjcbe mj smstegm lmjhumstmcm rehdlfgejtftm quellm d`merjm (ofstm pejsfre f qufjtd fvvmeje mj mtflmfjd, cdjoej le pdssmomlm `mversecdge reflmzzfzmdjm drflm `m uj ge`esmgd testd scrmttd jelle vfrme gd`flmtî rehmdjflm). Vuestd `mscrmgmje â tfjtd mgpdrtfjte cbe lf imldldhmf hflld-rdgfjzf bf pfrzmflgejte foofj`djftd ml cdjcettd `m lmjhuf letterfrmf `m uj futdre d `m ujf rehmdje, sdstmtuej`d f` essd ml tergmje scrmptf, cdj ml qufle sm mj`mvm`uf l'mjsmege `elle trf`mzmdjm hrfimcdscrmttdrme vmhejtm mj uj `etergmjftd fgomtd d terrmtdrmd, trf`mzmdjm cbe rehdlfjd lf trfscrmzmdje `m testm vdlhfrm mj fssejzf `m fltre jdrge. Dperfj`d retrdspettmvfgejte, pdssmfgd ifrcm uj'm`ef `em iejdgejm `m idrgfzmdje `em vdlh vd lhfr frm, m, cdge cdge stru struge gejt jtmm `m cdgujm cdgujmcf cfzm zmdj djee `'us `'usdd qudt qudtm` m`mf mfjd jd e lett letter erfr frmd md,, sdld sdld fttrfversd mjsdrhejze scrmtte pmý d gejd spdrf`mcbe, clfssmimcfomlm cdge trfcce d spme. Esse sdjd `f vflutfre segpre cdj cfutelf, `fl gdgejtd cbe queste testmgdjmfjze scrmtte cm `fjjd uj”m`ef `m idrge `m cdgujmcfzmdje prettfgejte drflm e qumj`m rm rmil ilet ettd tdjd jd lf refl refltî tî `el `el te tegp gpdd jdj jdj sdld sdld se sejz jzff hfrf hfrfjz jzme me fs fssd sdlu lute te `m es esft ftte tezz zzff e lmgpm`ezzf, gf fjcbe cdj smcurf pfrzmflmtî, mj cdjsehuejzf prdprmd `el cfrfttere mj idj`d dccfsmdjfle `elle pmý fjtmcbe trfscrmzmdjm. M pmý pmý fjtm fjtmcb cbmm test testmm sdjd sdjd,, `ujq `ujque ue,, cl clfs fssm smim imcf cfom omlm lm cd cdge ge `m ir irdj djtm tmer erf, f, mj qufj qufjtd td eiie eiiett ttmv mvfg fgejt ejtee vm vmjc jcdl dlft ftmm f pm pmýý cdgpd cdgpdje jejt jtm, m, gf fjcbe fjcbe perc percbí bí `ete `eterg rgmj mjfj fjdd lf trfjsmzmdje `em vdlhfrm jel ge`mug, imjd f quel gdgejtd estrfjed, `ellf scrmtturf. Yf sehjflftf, mjdltre, segpre mj idrgf `m fvvertejzf hejerfle, l'mgpdrtfjzf fssdlutf `ell'drflmtî jellf cmvmltî ge`mevfle, fjcbe mj gdlteplmcm fspettm `ellf trfsgmssmdje `m dpere cbe jdm clfssmimcbmfgd cdge letterfrme. Cdsì ifcej`d, perÿ, dssmf pfrlfj`d `m letterfturf, estej`mfgd mj gfjmerf mj`eomtf lf `eimjmzmdje d etmcbettf dhhm per jdm fomtufle, cbe mgplmcf lf letturf, f idrge e tmpm testuflm cdjcepmtm per fltre gd`flmtî `m irumzmdje irum zmdje prmgfrmf. prmgfrmf. Jel Ge`mdevd, Ge`mdevd, mjifttm, mjifttm, sdld f pfrtmre pfrtmre `fl MY secdld secdld sm `mi `miidj`e idj`e lf refltî `m uj puoolmcd cbe lehhe, cdge smfgd dhhm fomtuftm f ifre e f mggfhmjfre1 â, cmdâ, gdltd lejtf lf `eimjmzmdje `ellf letturf cdge fttmvmtî mj`mvm`ufle e ml pmý `elle vdlte sdlmtfrmf, mjtmgf. Smjd f tuttd ml RMMM secdld, mjifttm, `m jdrgf m testm scrmttm mj vdlhfre sm cfjtfvfjd d recmtfvfjd f` fltf vdce, f` usd `m uj puoolmcd, fjcbe lmgmtftd, hejerflgejte `fge e cfvflmerm, rfccdltm jem cfstellm d jem hmfr`mjm. Ym â, qumj`m, ujf `miierejzf sdstfjzmfle rmspettd fllf smtufzmdje fttufle, `fl gdgejtd cbe dhhm ml rfppdrtd trf futdre e puoolmcd â ge`mftd pressdcbí segpre `fllf letturf mj`mvm`ufle, e jdj vm â, `ujque, rfppdrtd trf testd e lettdre. Jel Ge`mdevd, mjvece, tfle rfppdrtd esmste, gf fppfre rmstrettd per gdltd tegpd f settdrm gdltd tecjmcm. Cdj l'mjvejzmdje `ellf stfgpf lf smtufzmdje gutf; l'fiiergfzmdje `ellf tmpdhrfimf e lf `miius `mi iusmdj mdje scflf scf lf e mj`ust mj` `ellf `el prd`uz prd lmorfrmf, mf, mjiftt fttm, m, pr mjt mjtrd` rd`ucd ucdjd jd uje rfpp rf ppdr drtd td e `el `esul lett le ttdr dre cdj cdustrmf j rmfle ml lete test std, d,lf jdj jd j `uzmdj `el `elmdje tutt tuettddlmorfr ju judv dvd, d,mji gf prec ece` e`ej ejte tege gejt jte fppfrtejejte, cdge hmî `ettd, f pfrtmcdlfrm tmpdldhme `m mjtellettufle1 sm bfjjd f

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`mspdsmzmdje testm scrmttm cdjiezmdjftm secdj`d rehdle `m fltf idrgflmtî e jdj pmý fllestmtm per usd persdjfle, cdge spessd fccf`evf mj prece`ejzf, e cfgomf fjcbe ml cdjirdjtd cdj lf letterfturf, cbe sm vmeje drhfjmzzfj`d mj omolmdtecbe persdjflm, mjmggfhmjfomlm prmgf `ellf imje `el Vufttrdcejtd. Puttd cmÿ pdje mj rmsfltd lf jecessmtî `m dperfre ujf `mstmjzmdje fll'mjterjd `elle idrge `m cdgujmcfzmdje jdj scrmttf trf cmÿ cbe puÿ essere clfssmimcftd cdge pfrlftd, dssmf cdgujmcfzmdje cdrrejte e pdcd e jdj jecessfrmfgejte idrgflmzzftf, sul tmpd `m quellf qudt qu dtm` m`mf mfjf jf,, e idrg id`mpej`ejtm rgee `m dr drfl flmt mtî, î,letturf, mjve mjvece ce cdjt cdjtrd rdll llft fte e pmý pmý stru stpfrtmcdlfrm. rutt ttur urft fte, e, gf jdj jdj jecessfrmfgejte `fllf utmlmzzfomlm mjesmtufzmdjm Lf `mstmjzmdje trf drflmtî e scrmtturf segorf fttrfversfre tuttf lf sdcmetî ge`mevfle, `eimjej`d tmpm e lmvellm `m culturf prdidj`fgejte `miierejzmftm `miierejzmftm `mfstrftmcfgejte. Jdj sm trfttf, perÿ, `m `ue gdj`m sepfrftm, gf fjzm `m refltî cbe vmvdjd f cdjtfttd trf ldrd e sm  pdssdjd recmprdcfgejte mjiluejzfre. mjiluejzfre. Lf `mstmjzmdje `m lmvell lmvellmm e gd`flmtî `m culturf cbe rudtf fttdrjd fll”dppdsmzmdje drfle/scrmttd â, perÿ, utmle per idcflmzzfre `ue pdlm `m ujf `mflettmcf mj cum tergmjm verrfjjd rmidrgulftm sdld jellf trfjsmzmdje versd cmÿ cbe cbmfgmfgd Ofssd Ge`mdevd e pdm Etî Gd`erjf, dssmf, per fpprdssmgfzmdje hejerfle, jel RYM secdld. 6.3.5.Letterfturf/letterfrmetî

^er letterfturf mjtej`mfgd l'mjsmege `elle idrge scrmtte cbe cdstmtumscdjd mj trf`mzmdje scrmttf lf culturf `m ujf sdcmetî. Vuestf `eimjmzmdje pfrte `f cmÿ cbe â cdjservftd e qumj`m esclu`e ujf serme `m idrge, pdtejzmflgejte esmstejtm jell”drflmtî, flle quflm fpplmcbereggd lf cftehdrmf dhhm cdrrejte `m “letterfturf drfle‗, e cbe sdjd fj`fte  per`ute, jdj fvej`d superftd gfm lf lf sdhlmf `ellf scrmtturf. scrmtturf. Vues Vu estf tf trf`m rf`mzm zmdj dje, e, cdjs cdjsm` m`er erft ftee le cdj` cdj`mz mzmd mdjm jm `ell `ell”f ”fli lifo foet etmz mzzf zfzm zmdj djee e `ell `ellff `mstrmouzmdje sdcmfle e hedhrfimcf `elle iujzmdjm `ellf culturf scrmttf e `em sudm usm jel Ge`mdevd, sm cdjimhurf cdge ujf refltî f ofse sdstfjzmflgejte lftmjf e, flgejd mj  pdtejzf, letterfrmf; cbm scrmve bf mgpfrftd f scrmvere e f lehhere `m jdrgf mj lftmjd e jdj mj vdlhfre e mj sehumtd, se bf stu`mftd ultermdrgejte, ld bf ifttd `m judvd mj lftmjd, fjcbe cdgetrflmjhuf `ellf prftmcf scdlfstmcf `”mjsehjfgejtdcdj e qumj`m `m cdjtfttd `dcejte e `mscejte e fjcbe ifgmlmfrmzzfj`dsm futdrmqufle `ellf strugejtd letterfturf lftmjf, gfhfrm cdjdscmutm fttrfversd estrfttm f` usd scdlfstmcd, fm quflm erf fssdcmftf ujf iujzmdje `m gd`elld, quellf cbe mj`mcbmfgd fppujtd cdge iujzmdje futdrmfle. Ujf cdgpdjejte `m letterfrmetî, `ujque, â presejte mj dhjm fttestfzmdje scrmttf. M tergmjm letterfrmd e letterfrmetî `esmhjfjd specmimcbe iujzmdjm `el lmjhufhhmd e `ellf scrmtturf mjtesf cdge crefzmdje `em testm, jdjcbí lf cdscmejzf crmtmcf relftmvf fllf scrmtturf e qumj`m fjcbe, e mj gd`d `el tuttd specmfle, fpplmcftf fllf scrmtturf letterfrmf. L' L'es esms mste tejz jzff `m ujf ujf verf verf e pr prdp dprm rmff cdsc cdscme mejz jzff lett letter erfr frmf mf,, cb cbee puÿ puÿ fjcb fjcbee es esse sere re mj`mpej`ejt mj`mp ej`ejtee `fllf scrmtturf, scrmtturf, â cdj`mzmdje prdprmf prdprmf `elle refltî refltî svmluppfte, svmluppfte, gfture, gfture, cdjsdlm`fte. 6.3.9 Lftmjd/vdlhfre

^rmgf `m fjflmzzfre questm cdjcettm â `etergmjfjte cbmfrmre lf `miierejzf trf lf lmjhuf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

fltf, tdtflgejte hrfggftmcflmzzftf, e lf lmjhuf ofssf, `el pdpdld, jdj idrgflmzzftf. Ml lftmjd erf lf lmjhuf `m culturf `ell'Dccm`ejte ge`mevfle crmstmfjd, dssmf `m uj mjsmege `m terrmtdrm vfstmssmgm lmjhumstmcfgejte jdj ujmidrgm, `ftf lf presejzf `m  pfrlfte jedlftmje, hergfjmcbe e slfve. slfve. Fl lftmjd, fjcbe mj qufjtd gezzd lmjhumstmcd `m cdgujmcfzmdje trfjs-jfzmdjfle, vejje f lujhd rmcdjdscmutd rmcdjdscmutd ujd stftutd stftutd cbe sdld flcujm vdlhfrm cdjqumstfrdjd cdjqumstfrdjd jel cdrsd `em secdlm; f` esegpmd l'mtflmfjd, cdge lmjhuf `ellf sdcmetî `m cdrte jel _mjfscmgejtd, pdm sdstmtumtd `fl`el irfjcese e, dhhm, Lf vmcej`f cdjirdjtd trf `fll'mjhlese. trf`mzmdjm letterfrme lftmje e vdlhfrm sm frtmcdlf su pmý  pmfjm, cdj tegpm jdj smgmlm. smgmlm. @f uj lftd, mjifttm, trf ml RMM e ml RMMM secdld, sm fiiergfjd trf`mzmdjm vdlhfrm jem hejerm  pmý mgpdrtfjtm `ellf trf`mzmdje letterfrmf (jfrrftmvf mj prdsf, mj versm, lmrmcf) `ete `e terg rgmj mjfj fj`d `d,, cdsì cdsì,, lf supr supreg egfzm fzmff `el `el vdlh vdlhfr free sul sul lftm lftmjd jd;; ml vd vdlh lhfr free rmes rmesce ce f `mstruhhere ml gdjdpdlmd `el lftmjd fjcbe mj fgomtd tedldhmcd, imldsdimcd, scmejtmimcd e hmurm`mcd. Fcqumsmtd questd rmlmevd, ml vdlhfre â pdm mj hrf`d `m resmstere fllf prepdtejte rmjfscmtf `elle lettere clfssmcbe mj etî ugfjmstmcf. Mj questd prdcessd, uj rudld `m prmgd pmfjd â rmvestmtd `f imhure relftmvfgejte judve `m mjtellettuflm lfmcm, lehftm mj vfrmd gd`d flle mstmtuzmdjm ujmversmtfrme cbe sm vejhdjd drhfjmzzfj`d trf RMM e RMMM secdld. F` essm sm `evee mjjfjz `ev mjjfjzmtu mtuttd ttd lf gessf gessf mj `mscus `mscussm smdje dje `el gdjdpd gdjdpdlmd lmd ecc eccles lesmfs mfstmc tmcdd `el `ell”f l”fltf ltf culturf; mjtdrjd fllf getî `el secdld, lfmcm dccupfjd pdm pdsmzmdjm `m rmlmevd jellf re`fzmdje `em prmgm esegpm `m ejcmcldpe`me m`efte mj vdlhfre, jdj pmý f`fttfte `fl lftmjd1 jellf hejerfzmdje successmvf, sul lmgmte crucmfle trf RMMM e RMY secdld, fppfmdjd segpre f` dperf `m lfmcm m prmgm trfttftm drmhmjflm cdgpdstm mjterfgejte mj vdlhfre. Ml tfhlmd `ftd fllf presejtfzmdje suhhermsce lf pdssmomlmtî `m ujf relfzmdje strettf, mj uj certd gd`d omujmvdcf, irf trf`mzmdje vdlhfre, d lehftf fllf culturf vdlhfre, e gdj`d lfmcd, flgejd f pfrtmre `fl RMM-RMMM secdld. Mj questd quf`rd `m cdjtfttm recmprdcm e `m fspmrfzmdjm `ell'espressmdje vdlhfre versd m lmvellm pmý fltm `ellf rmcercf mjtellettufle vf mjsermtd, f` esegpmd, ml Cdjvmvmd `m @fjte,  prdhettftd cdge mlvfstf ejcmcldpe`mf `estmjftf fm lfmcm cbe jdj le cdjdscdjd suiimcmejtegejte lftmjd; ml trfttftd âgdrfle, cdgpdstd mj vdlhfre e, fttrfversd cfjzdjm `dttrmjfrme `m cum erf prevmstd ml cdggejtd, rmsultf lehftd f` flcujm `ehlm fspettm pmý rm rmle levf vfjt jtmm `ell `ellff cult cultur urff le lett tter erfr frmf mf rdgf rdgfjzf jzf,, sdpr sdprft fttu tutt ttdd qu quel ellf lf cbe cbe sm er erff veju vejutf tf cdjimhurfj`d mj Mtflmf, cdj uj'fssdlutf cejtrflmtî `ellf lmrmcf `m trf`mzmdje cdltf. Ejtrd ml cdjirdjtd trf lftmjd e vdlhfrm, ujf svdltf cbe sm puÿ cdjsm`erfre `eimjmtmvf sm fvrî fllf imje `el Ge`mdevd e fll”mjmzmd `ell”etî gd`erjf, mj cdjcdgmtfjzf cdj ujf serme `m scdjvdlhmgejtm culturflm e sdcmflm e cdj l”mjvejzmdje e ml periezmdjfgejtd, f` dperf `m Hutejoerh, `ellf stfgpf f cfrftterm gdomlm. Lf Stfgpf, mjcregejtfj`d f `msgmsurf lf cmrcdlfzmdje e lf pdssmomlmtî `m irumzmdje `m lmorm scrmttm e qumj`m fccrescej`d ml puoolmcd pdtejzmfle `m lettdrm, cdjtrmouì mj gfjmerf `etergmjfjte fjcbe fllf `eimjmtmvf rehdlfrmzzfzmdje `elle lmjhue e fll'fiiergfzmdje `m jdrge jfzmdjflm. Ml prdcessd `m fiiergfzmdje e` espfjsmdje `elle lmjhue gd`erje sfrî, cdgujque, lejtd e hrf`ufle. Ml lftmjd jellf prmgf Etî Gd`erjf sm rm`uce prdhressmvfgejte f`

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

fgomtm eru`mtm, letterfrm e fccf`egmcm, mj fhhmujtf f tuttm hlm usm uiimcmflm `ellf Cbmesf Cfttdlmcf. Puttfvmf, fjcbe gdltd dltre questd lmgmte lf cdjtmjumtî lftmjf sm gfjtmeje idrte mj fgomtm `m fltf culturf, specme quellm ujmversmtfrm. Fjcbe jel 5>>, ml secdld cbe ve`e l'fiiergfzmdje `eimjmtmvf `em vdlhfrm rdgfjzm, ml lftmjd bf fjcdrf iujzmdje `m strugejtd culturfle e mjtellettufle. Lf resmstejzf e  persmstejzf `el lftmjd â testmgdjmftf, segpre jel Cmjquecejtd, `flle cdjtrdversme cbe dppdserd m ifutdrm `el lftmjd fm sdstejmtdrm `el vdlhfre, cdjtrfstm questm cbe sm lehfrdjd equestmdje sdvrfppdserd fm cdjilmttm `ell”etî `ellf _midrgf, quflm,prftmcf judvfgejte, lf `ellf lmjhuf cdgerelmhmdsm elegejtd quflmimcfjte `ellf ie`ejeme `ellf relmhmdsf rmvestì uj pesd jdj mj`miierejte. 6.3.8 Futdre, futdrmtî, trf`mzmdje

 Jehlm stu`m letterfrm, smjd flgejd fll”etî Gd`erjf, vmhe ujf `mstmjzmdje `m herfrcbmf trf ml hejermcd creftdre `ell”dperf, jel jdstrd cfsd ld scrmttdre d cdgpdsmtdre `m uj testd letterfrmd, e l”futdre. Vuest”ultmgd â ujd specmfle creftdre, fl qufle â stftf fttrmoumtf per cdguje cdjsejsd lf quflmtî `m creftdre `”eccellejzf e lf iujzmdje `m gd`elld fccettftd e fpprdvftd. L'futdrmtî â, mjvece, ml pdtere `m cdjvmjzmdje e `m persufsmdje `m uj imldsdid, `m uj  pdetf d `m uj drftdre, pdtere hmustmimcftd `fllf im`es ldrd fttrmoumtf, `fllf supermdrmtî e `fll”fscej`ejte esercmtftd. Hlm futdre letterfrm, `ujque, sdjd esegpm e gd`ellm stmlmstmcm, dhhettd `m mgmtfzmdje e  pfrfgetrd `m vflutfzmdje `elle judve crefzmdjm. F` essm â fttrmoumtf l'fuctdrmtfs, l”futdrevdlezzf, e qumj`m ml pdtere `m persufsmdje. Uj”ultermdre questmdje sm cdllehf fm prmjcmpm `m futdrmtî e futdrevdlezzf; ml prmjcmpmd `m  pfterjmtî `elle dpere.  Jel Ge`mdevd lf pfterjmtî futdrmfle jdj â gfm scdjtftf1 f cmÿ cdjsehue lf jdj doolmhftdrmf presejzf `m ludhbm gftermflm jel testd `e`mcftm f` fccdhlmere l”mj`mcfzmdje `ell”futdre. Cmÿ sm trf`uce, qumj`m, jellf irequejte dgmssmdje `el jdge `ell'futdre mj fperturf `elle dpere cdpmfte jem gfjdscrmttm qufj`d jdj prevflhf lf percezmdje `el  prestmhmd Mj cfgpd`ell”futdre. rdgfjzd, tuttm m pmý fjtmcbm testm sdjd fjdjmgm e gdltmssmgm jelle epdcbe successmve, cdge cdjsehuejzf fjcbe `ellf cdj`mzmdje pmý mjcertf `el vdlhfre rmspettd fl lftmjd, gf idrse pmý `ecmsfgejte `m ifttdrm lehftm flle trf`mzmdjm e fm hejerm. Lf smtufz tufzmd mdje je cds cdsì ejuj ejujcm cmft ftff evdl evdlve ve jel jel tegpd egpd,, cdg cdge cdjs cdjseh ehue uejz jzff `el `ellf cdjtrfppdsmzmdje trf lftmjd e vdlhfrm e `ellf `mflettmcf cbe sm stfomlmsce rmspettd fllf  percezmdje e clfssmimcfzmdje `elle fttmvmtî mjtellettuflm e lmjhumstmcbe e qumj`m rmspettd fllf fllf cdj` cdj`mz mzmd mdje je `ell `elldd sc scrm rmtt ttdr dree mj lmjh lmjhuf uf vdlh vdlhfr fre; e; lf cd cdjc jcez ezmd mdje je `e `ell llff pf pfte terj rjmt mtîî futdrmfle, qumj`m, sm fiiergf prdhressmvfgejte, mj cdj`mzmdjm gfture. Mj tergmjm hejerflm sm puÿ `mre cbe lf cdscmejzf futdrmfle sm svmluppf e sm fiiergf jel gdgejtd mj cum sm fiiergf ujf trf`mzmdje letterfrmf, cbe â cdsf `mversf `fllf segplmce esmstejzf `m ujf prd`uzmdje fjcbe `miiusf `m dpere. Sm `eve, cmdâ, cdstmtumre ujf letterfturf mj vdlhfre, cdscmejte `ellf prdprmf esmstejzf. Lf cdj`mzmdje `m fjdjmgftd, `m cdjsehuejzf, â lehftf f` dpere cdjsm`erfte `m lmvelld  ofssd, fssdcmfte f prftmcbe `m tmpd lftfgejte hmullfrescd, cdge per esegpmd qufsm tuttm

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

m ifolmfux irfjcesm, m cfjtfrm mtflmfjm e m rdgfjces spfhjdlm. _mvestdjd, pertfjtd, uj rudld `etergmjfjte ifttdrm lehftm fl prestmhmd culturfle e lett letter erfr frmd md cbe, cbe, jell jellff perc percez ezmd mdje je e jell jellff sejs sejsmo moml mlmt mtîî `e `emm cd cdjt jteg egpd pdrf rfje jem, m, vmeje vmeje rmcdjdscmutd flle dpere, gf fjcbe fhlm futdrm, jdj segpre pfcmimcfgejte fssdcmfomlm trf ldrd jellf hejermcf cftehdrmf `ehlm udgmjm `m lettere. Dppdstf, cdge foomfgd hmî fccejjftd, â lf smtufzmdje cbe sm rehmstrf jell”fgomtd `ellf lmrmcf cdrtese. Lf trf`mzmdje `ellf lmrmcf `em trdvftdrm prdvejzflm sm cdstrumsce f  pfrtmre uj”fcutfm jdgm percezmdje `elle mj`mvm`uflmtî `elle `ehlm fut futdrm. drm. Mj equeste scudle `m lmrcf cdrtese,`f`ujque, `ehlm futdrm sdjd `m rehdlf trfgfj`ftm lf gfhhmdrfjzf `em testm cdjservftm cdgpfre jem cd`mcm gfjdscrmttm prdvvmstf `m fttrmouzmdje e per ld pmý drhfjmzzftf mj sdlm`e sezmdjm. Fllf imje `el 63» secdld, prej`ej`d le gdsse `f questf trf`mzmdje e `f questf `mstmjtf  percezmdje `ell'mj`mvm`uflmtî `ell'futdre lmrmcd, @fjte rmfjjd`f cdj ujf mjcdgpfrfomle  prdidj`mtî `dttrmjfrmf e strfdr`mjfrmf prdspettmvf `m vmsmdje stdrmcf le imlf `ellf rmilessmdje cmrcf lf cdj`mzmdje `elld scrmttdre `m cdse vdlhfrm, cdj Lf Ymtf Jdvf e ml @e Yulhfrm eldquejtmf, e dperf uj sfltd quflmtftmvd epdcfle, reclfgfj`d mj pfrtmcdlfre per   prmgd per m vulhfres eldquejtes lf pmejezzf `m cdj`mzmdje futdrmfle fttrfversd l'fcqumsmzmdje f` essm `ellf quflmimcfzmdje `m pdetm, smjd f` flldrf rmservftf fllf sdlf  prd`uzmdje mj lmjhuf lftmjf. 6.3.2 Ld stftutd e lf presejtfzmdje `em testm

M testm, fjtmcbm e gd`erjm, vejhdjd `m jdrgf presejtftm fl lettdre mj uj idrgftd e`mtdrmfle idj`fgejtflgejte mj`miierejzmftd se jdj per tmpdldhme (rdgfjzm, pdesme, lettere e fltre fjcdrf) e cbe rmspettf ujf serme `m cdjvejzmdjm cdrrejtm; fllmjefgejtm, gfrhmjm, pujtehhmfturf. Mj sdstfjzf, ml testd f sehumtd `m questf dperfzmdje fppfre cdge uj drhfjmsgd `eimjmtd, idrgflgejte cbmusd, vmcmjd fl lettdre jel sud fspettd esterjd, stfomlmtd `f cdjvejzmdjm tmpdhrfimcbe1 e sullf ofse of se `m questf pregessf idrgfle essd vmeje jdrgflgejte utmlmzzftd. Sdttd lf superimcme, perÿ, lf refltî `em ifttm sm presejtf fssfm gejd scdjtftf e tfldrf gdltdidrgf prdolegftmcf, tfjtd cbe ld stessd puÿ stftutd prmgfrmd `el testd, cmdâ mj lf suf esmstejzf jellf e jel `ettftd cdjdscmutd, essere sermfgejte gessd `mscussmdje. ^rdce`ej`d per hrf`m, sm puÿ mjjfjzmtuttd rmlevfre ujf gfjcfjzf `m cdjhruejzf, mj fspettm smf idrgflm cbe sdstfjzmflm, trf m testm cdge dhhm lm lehhmfgd stfgpf e cdge cm sdjd stftm cdjservftm `f trfscrmzmdjm fjtmcbe; m testm fjtermdrm fll'Etî Gd`erjf `ermvfjd `f trfscrmzmdjm gfjdscrmtte d fjcbe f stfgpf cbe spessd, specme per m testm fjtmcbm, `mverhdjd `fllf re`fzmdje dhhm cdrrejte.  Jel tegpd sm gd`mimcfjd le cdjvejzmdjm scrmttdrme e le gd`flmtî `m cdjiezmdje `m lmorm, `fm gfjdscrmttm flle vfrme epdcbe `ellf stfgpf smjd flle tecjmcbe `mhmtflm. Cmÿ smhjmimcf cbee l”dp cb l”dper erfz fzmd mdje je `m fl flle lest stmr mree e pr pres esej ejtf tfre re uj test testdd jdj cdjt cdjteg egpdr pdrfj fjed ed mgpl mgplmc mcff cdguj cdg ujqu quee uj mjte mjterv rvej ejtd td,, gfhf gfhfrm rm gmjmg gmjmgd, d, `m cdgp cdgpre rejs jsmd mdje je,, mjte mjterp rpre retf tfzm zmdj djee e rmcd`mimcfzmdje `ell”dhhettd e jdj sm puÿ pfrlfre `m ujf purf, fsettmcf trfscrmzmdje. Esmste uj prdolegf hejerfle `m cdrrmspdj`ejzf d cdjidrgmtî fllf vdldjtî `ell'futdre `em testm dhhm jdtm e cdrrejtm, mj qufjtd trfsgessm mjmzmflgejte e cdjservftmcm fttrfversd jdj drmhmjflm, gf cdpme `m quflmtî e` esfttezzf jdj hfrfjtmtf; prdolegf cbe certfgejte

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

â pmý hrfve per m testm fjtmcbm gf cbe sm presejtf tuttfvmf fjcbe per quellm q uellm gd`erjm. Cmÿ mj prmgd ludhd;  percbí gfjcfjd hlm futdhrfim per tuttm m testm pmý fjtmcbm (m prmgm cdjservftm per  lf letterfturf mtflmfjf sdjd `m ^etrfrcf e `m Odccfccmd)1  percbí smjd fll”mjvejzmdje `ellf stfgpf lf trfsgmssmdje `elle dpere â stftf fiim`ftf fhlm mjcertm `ellf cdpmf gfjdscrmttf1  percbí mj epdcf pmý recejte, e smjd fm jdstrm hmdrjm, vmcej`e e`mtdrmflm d 

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tmpdhrfimcbe pdssdjd fvere mj vfrmf gmsurf mjcmsd sull”fssettd `elle dpere;  percbí, mjimje, mj dhjm epdcf e mj dhjm gd`flmtî `m `miiusmdje vf segpre cdjsm`erftf l'evejtuflmtî `m gd`mimcfzmdjm `m vfrmf ejtmtî cdjtrfrme e cdgujque mj`mpej`ejtm `fllf vdldjtî `ell'futdre. Sm pdje, `m cdjsehuejzf, ujf questmdje hejerfle `m fiim`fomlmtî, smcurezzf e cre`momlmtî `el testd cbe cm â hmujtd fttrfversd smgmlm cdj`mzmdjm `m trfsgmssmdje. ^rdolegf fjcdrf `mversd â quelld `em testm `m cfrfttere trf`mzmdjfle e pdpdlfre, fm quflm jdj â fpplmcfomle lf jdzmdje `m futdre mj`mvm`ufle e cbe vfjjd fiirdjtftm cdj  pfrtmcdlfrm fvvertejze e cfutele, vmste mjjfjzmtuttd le peculmfrm gd`flmtî `m cdjservfzmdje e trfsgmssmdje. Mj dhjm prdcessd `m trfsgmssmdje `m uj testd, qumj`m, sm presejtfjd mjevmtfomlgejte errdrm `m trfscrmzmdje, m quflm `evdjd essere mj`mvm`uftm e, se pdssmomle, elmgmjftm, fttrfversd ml cdjirdjtd `m tutte le cdpme `mspdjmomlm; cdge crmtmcf `el testd mjtej`mfgd, `ujq `u jque ue,, l'mj l'mjsm smeg egee `m te tecj cjmc mcbe be e `m dper dperfz fzmd mdjm jm imjf imjflm lmzzf zzfte te f` di diir irmr mree fm lett lettdr drmm uj'e`mzmdje crmtmcf `m uj testd cbe cercbm `m rmprd`urre le mjtejzmdjm `ell'futdre, segpre mj rfppdrtd fllf quflmtî `em `ftm `mspdjmomlm, quflmtî cbe `mpej`e, dvvmfgejte, `flle gd`flmtî `m trfsgmssmdje `el testd stessd e `fllf jfturf e `flle cfrfttermstmcbe `elle cdpme cdjservfte. Mj fccdr`d cdj qufjtd drf `ettd, sm `eimjmsce e`mzmdje crmtmcf `m uj testd, ml testd fllestmtd e`mtdrmflgejte, f cdjclusmdje `m uj prdce`mgejtd `m cdjtrdlld `el `ettftd d lezmdje `el testd mj esfge e `m suf esfttf `eimjmzmdje. Sm pdje, `ujque, mj dperf uj  prdce`mgejtd `m vermimcf e imssfzmdje `el testd mj esfge cbe pfrtf `fll'esfge e `fl cdjirdjtd `m tutte le testmgdjmfjze rmtejute utmlm e smhjmimcftmve. Pfle dperfzmdje `m 

cdjtrdlld jecessfrmf fjcbe jel gdltd rfrdsdttd per m mltestm ge`mevflm, mj cum sme `mspdjhf crmtmcd `m ujf âcdpmf, gfjdscrmttf d f cfsd, stfgpf, re`fttf cdjtrdlld `ell'futdre `f lum futdrmzzftf, `ettf m`mdhrfid, d fjcbe `m uj futdhrfid verd e prdprmd. M successmvm pfssfhhm cbe scfj`mscdjd l'dperfzmdje `m `eimjmzmdje `el testd crmtmcd sdjd;  prdce`ere, prmgf `m tuttd, f` uj cejsmgejtd `elle fttestfzmdjm `mspdjmomlm, cmdâ `elle vfrme cdpme, `el testd esfgmjftd, `ette fjcbe testmgdjm1 l'mjsmege `em testmgdjm idrgf lf trf`mzmdje `el testd1 stfom st fomlmt lmtdd l'elej l'elejcd cd `em testmg testmgdjm djm,, sm pfssf pfssf f` ujf ldrd ldrd fjflms fjflmsmm cdg cdgpfr pfrftm ftmvf, vf, imjflmzzftf f` elmgmjfre repertm mjutmlm. Sm utmlmzzfjd, f questd imje, crmterm `m vflutfzmdje `m dr`mje pmý prdprmfgejte imldldhmcd mjtehrftm cdj fltrm `m dr`mje lmjhumstmcd, letterfrmd e stdrmcd-culturfle, rmiermtm smf fll'epdcf e fll'fgomejte jel qufle pdssmfgd cdlldcfre ml testd, smf fjcbe fl smjhdld futdre, cmÿ cbe sm mj`mcf spessd cdj lf `eimjmzmdje lftmjf `m usus scrmoej`m1 

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Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

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â dppdrtujd, qufldrf smf pdssmomle, cercfre `m `mstrmoumre m testmgdjm `m uj testd mj uj floerd hejefldhmcd, d stessd cd`mcug, ujf rfppresejtfzmdje hrfimcf `ellf trf`mzmdje gfjdscrmttf `m uj testd. Fl vertmce `ellf rmcdstruzmdje vmrtufle `elld steggf sm cdlldcf m`eflgejte l”drmhmjfle `ell”futdre, gf â tfldrf m`ejtmimcfomle uj frcbetmpd, dssmf uj cfpdstmpmte `ell”mjterf trf`mzmdje gfjdscrmttf jdj pmý m`ejtmimcfomle cdj l”drmhmjfle f cfusf `m errdrm d flterfzmdjm hmî mj essd presejtm e pdm trfsgessm f tuttm m `mscej`ejtm1

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 pfrtej`d `m ofse `mspdjmomlm sdttdpdjej`dlm f crmtmcf el”e`mtdre vermimcf sullf ofse`fm `emgftermflm crmterm lmjhumstmcm, letterfrm eeimldldhmcm sdprf mllustrftm, crmtmcd `dvrî `eimjmre ujf lezmdje crmtmcfgejte cdjtrdllftf e hmustmimcftf `el testd mj esfge. L'domettmvd pdstd `fllf crmtmcf `el testd â quelld `m msdlfre e, se â pdssmomle, elmgmjfre `fl testd evejtuflm errdrm e qumj`m `m ifr sm cbe ml testd sm fvvmcmjm ml pmý pdssmomle f quellf cbe erf lf suf stesurf drmhmjfrmf1 l”dperfzmdje, cdgujque, vf cdj`dttf tejej`d segpre presejte cbe l'drmhmjfle `ell'futdre jdrgflgejte jdj â cdj smcurezzf mj tdtd fttmjhmomle e cbe, fjcbe qufldrf le cdj`mzmdjm ld cdjsejtfjd, lf rmcdstruzmdje cdj`dttf cdj getd`m idrgflm puÿ hmujhere f rmhufr`fre seggfm l'frcbetmpd, jdj l”drmhmjfle. Ml testd stfomlmtd `fll”e`mtdre vmeje fiimfjcftd `flle vfrmfjtm presejtm jellf trf`mzmdje, dssmf `f tutte le fltre lezmdjm flterjftmve f quellf sceltf cbe s”mjcdjtrfjd jem relftdrm `el testd. Sm puÿ trfttfte smf `m errdrm, `m lezmdjm, cmdâ, jdj fscrmvmomlm f vfrmd tmtdld fll”futdre, smf `m vfrmfjtm equmvflejtm d f`mfidre, cbe vejhdjd scfrtfte f sehumtd `ell”esfge cdgpfrftmvd e `em rfppdrtm trf testmgdjm. Putte queste vfrmfjtm sdjd  presejtfte mj uj”fppdsmtf sezmdje `ejdgmjftf fppfrftd `elle vfr vfrmfjtm. mfjtm. Vuestf getd`dldhmf mj`mcftf per m testm fjtmcbm vfle fjcbe per m testm gd`erjm e cdjtegpdrfjem. Mjjfjzmtuttd ujf vermimcf â segpre dppdrtujf per l'mj`mvm`ufzmdje `m evejtuflm errdrm tmpdhrfimcm1 pmý sdstfjzmflgejte, uj”dperfzmdje `m cdllfzmdje trf cdpme e `m rmscdjtrd suhlm drmhmjflm, dve `mspdjmomlm, â `f cdjsm`erfre `dverdsf mj tuttm quem cfsm mj cum jdj sm foomf smcurezzf cbe ml prdcessd `m stfgpf e `miiusmdje smf fvvejutd sdttd ml cdjtrdlld `ell”futdre e je rmspettm fppmejd le vdldjtî. M`ejtmcfgejte sm prdce`e qufj`d sm `mspdjhf `m ultermdrm cdpme `'futdre, pdstermdrm flle stfgpe jdjm`erfz pmýrfzmdj hmujte fllfdluce, mj cum foomf Vueste Vue ste ecdjsm`e cdjs mdjmm sdjd sdj vflm`e vflm`e perl'futdre ujd stf`md stf`m d mjtrd`dttd gfturd gfturd `elcdrrezmdjm rfppdrt rfppdrtdde vfrmfjtm. e `elle `elle gd`flmtî mj cum sm esplmcf l”fttmvmtî letterfrmf; ujf smtufzmdje jellf qufle â cdjiermtf smcurf `mhjmtî fll”futdre e sm vfldrmzzf ml prdcessd `m elfodrfzmdje `el sud testd. Ml testd rdgfjzd `em prmgm secdlm, mjvece, vmeje spessd prdidj`fgejte gd`mimcftd jel cdrsd `ellf suf trfsgmssmdje, qumj`m `dpd essere stftd ultmgftd `fl sud creftdre e sejzf ml sud mjtervejtd. Vuelld vdlhfre `el Ge`mdevd â, `ujque, fssfm spessd uj testd mj `mvejmre iudrm `el cdjtrdlld `ell”futdre.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

prdolegf gf `elle `elle Drmhmjm Drmhmjm rdgfj rdgfjze ze ?. Ml prdole

Lf `eimjmzmdje `m Drmhmjm _dgfjze mj`mvm`uf ml prdcessd `m idrgfzmdje `m judvm smstegm lmjhumstmcm e `m trf`mzmdjm letterfrme jem vfrm `dgmjm rdgfjzm. Essf rmujmsce mj sí `ue gfcrd-iejdgejm `f cdlldcfre mj epdcf fltd-ge`mevfle; 6. lf id idrg rgfz fzmd mdje je e stfo stfoml mlmz mzzfz zfzmd mdje je `ell `ellee pfrl pfrlft ftee rdgf rdgfjze jze e, mj pfrtm pfrtmcd cdlf lfre re,, ml `elmjefrsm `elle vfrmetî lmjhumstmcbe rdgfjze cbe cdstmtumscdjd lf ofse `elle lmjhue letterfrme ge`mevflm e successmvfgejte `elle lmjhue jfzmdjflm e uiimcmflm `el gdj`d gd`erjd e cdjtegpdrfjed1 ?. lf idrgfzmd idrgfzmdje je e fi fiier iergf gfzmd zmdje je `elle `elle letterft letterfture ure vdlhfrm, vdlhfrm, cmdâ `m trf`mz trf`mzmdj mdjmm `m cdgpdsmzmdje mj vdlhfre `m testm e `m smstegm `m testm strutturftm. Mj estregf smjtesm, dsservmfgd, `mifttm, cbe; le lmjhue rdgfjze, quflm smstegm lmjhumstmcm rehmdjflm `mstmjtm `fl lftmjd e trf `m ldrd, esmstdjd `fll”mjmzmd `el MR secdld, dssmf `fll”etî cfrdlmjhmf1 le let letter terftu fture re rdgfjz rdgfjze, e, cdge cdge smsteg smstegmm dr drhfj hfjmzz mzzftm ftm `m trf`m trf`mzmd zmdjm jm lmj lmjhum humstm stmcdcdletterfrme mgpmfjtfte mj idrgf strutturftf e cdjtmjuftmvf jelle vfrme rehmdjm `ellf _dgî _d gîjm jmf, f, esms esmstd tdjd jd `fll `fll”m ”mjm jmzm zmdd `el `el RMM RMM se secd cdld ld per per l”fr l”fref ef hfll hflldd-rdg rdgfj fjzf zf e `fll”mjmzmd `el RMMM secdld per l”fref moermcf e per quellf mtflmfjf. ^dssmfgd, 

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qumj`m, mj`mcfre`m`ue ifsm, `f cdlldcfre mjtdrjd fll”fjjdvdlhfrm 66>> ermspettmvfgejte mjtdrjd fl 6?>>, quflm gdgejtm fiiergfzmdje `m trf`mzmdjm letterfrme mj fref hflld-rdgfjzf e jelle `ue `mstmjte free moermcf e mtflmfjf. M `ue dr`mjm `m prdolegm, quelld lmjhumstmcd e quelld letterfrmd, sm mjcdjtrfjd su uj terrejd specmfle, cbe imjmsce cdl rfppresejtfre ujf sdrtf `m lmvelld ultermdre sul qufle sm `mstrmoumscdjd hlm dhhettm `m stu`md e cbe rmcbme`e specmflm gd`flmtî `m `escrmzmdje; 3. l”mjsmege l”mjsmege `elle fttestfzmd fttestfzmdjm jm scrmtte scrmtte e `elle trf`mzmdj trf`mzmdjmm `m scrm scrmtturf tturf,, foorfccmfj`d foorfccmfj`d jell”espressmdje ujf vfrmetî `m iejdgejm lehftm f` fspettm tecjmcm e gftermflm, `fll `f llee id idrg rgee hr hrfi fimc mcbe be fl flle le tr trf` f`mz mzmd mdjm jm gfjd gfjdsc scrm rmtt ttee `em `em test testmm rdgf rdgfjz jzmm e flle flle tmpdldhme `m gfjdscrmttm cbe esse cdmjvdlhdjd. Sm trfttf `f uj lftd `em `ftm `m  pfrtejzf `m cum `mspdjmfgd per idj`fre le rmcdstruzmdjm `em prdcessm lmjhumstmcm,  perfltrd essm stessm sdhhettm fm prdolegm `m `eimjmzmdje crmtmcf `el testd e `el `ettftd1 `fll”fltrd m testm scrmttm, specmflgejte quellm `m cfrfttere letterfrmd, cm fppfmdjd cdge le tfppe cbe scfj`mscdjd l”egerhere `m ujf cfpfcmtî espressmvf judvf e futdjdgf e `m uj puoolmcd cbe mj essf sm pdssf rmcdjdscere e smf qumj`m fjcbe mjteressftd fllf suf cdjservfzmdje. Fll”mjterjd `ell”ultmgf questmdje â, mjtfjtd, `f msdlfre; 3f. lf idrgfzmdje `m smstegm drtdhrfimcm specmimcm per lf trfscrmzmdje `el vdlhfre (mj qufjtd cdjtrfppdstd fl lftmjd) e `em vfrm vdlhfrm, `miierejzmftm fjcbe sdttd questd fspettd per trf`mzmdjm hedhrfimcbe. Â pdm `f cbmfrmre cbe per tuttf l”etî ge`mevfle lf cmrcdlfzmdje `em testm fvvmeje secdj`d gd`flmtî `mverse `f quelle fttuflm e mj hejerfle `eimjmte, fl lmvelld sdcmfle e culturfle, `f ifttdrm quflm; 3o6. lf presejzf `m idrge `miiuse `m trfsgmssmdje drfle, fiim`fte f` esecutdrm  prdiessmdjmstm, m hmullfrm, tfl tfldrf drf specmflmzzftm mj `etergmjftm `etergmjftm repertdrm1 3o?. lf cmvmltî `ellf cdpmf gfjdscrmttf (lf stfgpf f cfrftterm gdomlm sm `miidj`e f

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

 pfrtmre `fllf secdj`f getî getî `el RY secdld). Hlm ultmgm `ue fspettm mjsmstdjd su uj `ftd `m ofse cbe lm fccdgujf; l”fssejzf `m strugejtm geccfjmcm `m rmprd`uzmdje `elle dpere e `em prd`dttm lmorfrm. Puttd questd mjsmege `m iejdgejm fvvmeje jel quf`rd `ellf `mflettmcf cdgplessmvf trf lftmjd e vdlhfrm, scdjtfj`d `ujque lf cdj`mzmdje cdj` mzmdje dstftmvf rfppresejtftf `f; 0. lf supregf supregfzmf zmf culturfl culturflee `el lftmjd lftmjd sul vdlhfr vdlhfre. e. ?.6 Lmjhue e letterfture; lftmjd e vdlhfrm

Ld svmluppd `elle lmjhue e ld svmluppd `elle letterfture sdjd trf ldrd `miierejtm e sm svdlhdjd secdj`d gd`flmtî e crdjdldhme `mverse l”ujf `fll”fltrf. Â, mjjfjzmtuttd, evm`ejte cbe l”fiiergfzmdje `elle pfrlfte rdgfjze, fvvertmtf f lmvelld `m cdscmejzf lmjhumstmcf e cdjiergftf `fm prmgm `dcugejtm scrmttm, prece`e `m gdltd l”fppfrmzmdje `em prmgm testm letterfrm rdgfjzm. Mjdltre, c”â uj”ultermdre `mvfrmcfzmdje crdjdldhmcf; smf per le lmjhue cbe per le letterfture sm prd`uce ujd mftd sejsmomle trf l”ep l”epdc dcff pres presug ugmo moml mlee `em `em ie iejdg jdgejm ejm e l” l”ep epdc dcff `ell `ellff ldrd ldrd `dcug `dcugej ejtf tfzm zmdje dje,, mftd mftd `etergmjftd mj estejsmdje e cfrfttermstmcbe `f ifttdrm stdrmcd-culturflm stdrmcd-culturflm `m vfrmd dr`mje. @met @m etrd rd fl flle le gd`f gd`flm lmtî tî `m fppf fppfrm rmzm zmdj djee `ell `ellee lmjh lmjhue ue e `ell `ellee lett letter erft ftur uree e fl ldrd ldrd cdjsdlm`fgejtd mj qufjtd smstegm, smf pure `m jfturf prdidj`fgejte `mversf, `metrd fjcbe fllf sifsfturf jellf crdjdldhmf trf free e gdvmgejtm sm fvverte ml pesd `m uj ifttdre `etergmjfjte, rfppresejtftd `fl lftmjd. Lf presejzf ehegdjmcf `el lftmjd jel lmve lmvell lldd cult cultur urfl flee e` es espr pres essm smvd vd pm pmýý fl fltd td mjte mjterv rvej ejje je f cdjt cdjtrf rfst stfr free e f rmtf rmtfr` r`fr free l”eg l”eger ersm smdj djee `ell `ellee lmjh lmjhue ue e le lett tter erft ftur uree rdgf rdgfjze jze;; ml lftm lftmjd jd,, qu qumj mj`m `m,, dp dper erff cdjt cdjtrd rd l”fppfrmzmdje jelld scrmttd `em vdlhfrm mj quflmtî `m frhmje d imltrd. Ml smstegf lmjhumstmcd e letterfrmd lftmjd cm fppfre cdsì rmspettd fm vdlhfrm mj ujf  pdsmzmdje cdjtrf``mttdrmf; essd iujhe `f dstfcdld, smf tecjmcd cbe culturfle, e perÿ fjcbe `f gd`elld, gettej`d trf l”fltrd f `mspdsmzmdje uj ejdrge repertdrmd strutturftd `m idrge e `m tegm. Ujf pmejf fiiergfzmdje `el vdlhfre jelle trf`mzmdjm scrmtte, cdge  pdm ve`regd, sm vermimcberî vermimcberî sdld jel Ofssd Ofssd Ge`mdevd, per mgpdrsm mj gfjmerf pmý jettf f pfrtmre `fll”etî `ellf stfgpf e `ell”Ugfjesmgd, dssmf `fm prmgm `ecejjm `el RYM secdld, cdjtegpdrfjefgejte `em smstegm drtdhrfimcm e fll”mjmzmd `ellf rmilessmdje hrfggftmcflefllf sullejdrgflmzzfzmdje lmjhue. Uj fspettd `elle Drmhmjm _dgfjze `m pfrtmcdlfre rmlmevd jell”dttmcf qum f`dttftf â quelld `el gdgejtd `m pfssfhhmd flld scrmttd, dssmf `m cdjqumstf, `f pfrte `em vdlhfrm e `m cmÿ cbe sm scrmve mj vdlhfre, `m ` m ujf prdprmf `mgejsmdje futdjdgf e specmimcf. M pmý fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm cm fppfmdjd cdge prd`dttm `ellf cmvmltî hrfimcd-lmjhumstmcdletterfrmf lftmjf, e mj qufjtd tflm rmsultfjd rmcdj`ucmomlm f cejtrm `fm cdjjdtftm `eimjmtm; mjmzmf mjm zmflge lgejte jte,, prevfl prevflee jettfg jettfgejt ejtee l”mgp l”mgprdj rdjtf tf gdjfst gdjfstmcf mcf,, cdj fppdrt fppdrtmm `fl `fll” l”fgo fgomtd mtd hmurm`mcd e cfjcellerescd, cdge m Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsoruhd. ?.? Letterfture rdgfjze; ujf sceltf jecessfrmf4

Vuestd sjd`d essejzmfle, cbe sm gfjmiestf cdl cdjsehumgejtd `m ujf trf`mzmdjflmtî letterfrmf, lehftf cmdâ fllf scrmtturf cdltf e fllf letturf, bf mj sí uj fspettd pfrtmcdlfre, quelld cmdâ `el pdssmomle cfrfttere “jdj jecessfrmd‗ e fjzm “vdldjtfrmd‗ `ell”f`dzmdje

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`el vdlhfre `f pfrte `ehlm scrmttdrm ge`mevflm; essm fvreooerd pdtutd cdjtmjufre f` usfre cdge strugejtd espressmvd quelld fjcdrf cdrrejte jem ge`esmgm fgomtm `m scrmtturf, dssmf ml lftmjd. Jel gdj`d rdgfjzd ge`mevfle, mjvece, m cfpmscudlf sm sdjd cdscmejtegejte `mstfccftm `fllf trf`mzmdje letterfrmf lftmjf, f`dttfj`d le lmjhue vdlhfrm e crefj`d, `f queste, uj cdgplessd mjjdvftmvd `m testm, idrge, hejerm, cfpfce `m cdstrumre rfpm`fgejte `mverse trf`mzmdjm scrmttdrme. Vuestf sceltf, mj dhjm cfsd, jdj â `mpesf sdld `fll”esmstejzf `m futdrm vdlhfrm, gf `f ujf cdgpfrtecmpfzmdje `m futdrm puoolmcd ujf stessf sierf cdj`mvmsd cdgujmcftmvf; scrmttdrme e puoolmcd bfjjd, qumj`m, prmgf efjcdrf cbef` m testm cdjservftm, ujf lmjhuf cdj essf ujf culturf vdlhfre, cdstmtumtf cdstmtumtf vfldrm, tegm, gmtm, idrge espressmve espressmve mj vmf `m elfo elfodr drfz fzmd mdje je.. Jdj Jdj sm mjte mjtej` j`e, e, cdj cdj ques questd td,, jehf jehfre re d sgmj sgmjum umre re lf iujz iujzmd mdje je `ell `ellff ge`mfzmdje letterfrmf lftmjf; â verd, perÿ, cbe f uj certd gdgejtd sm gfjmiestÿ uj”dpzmdje frtmcdlftf mj ifvdre `ellf scrmtturf mj vdlhfre. Puttfvmf questf sceltf, cdscmejte e vdldjtfrmf pressd m smjhdlm futdrm, iu mj sdstfjzf ujf sceltf stdrmcfgejte doolmhftf, cdsì cdge iu doolmhftf quellf per ml vdlhfre jellf cdgujmcfzmdje, f` uj tegpd prftmcf e strutturftf, `ellf pre`mcfzmdje, sfjcmtf `fl Cdjcmlmd `m P Pdurs durs `ell”fjjd 263. 26 3. Ej Ejtr trfg fgom om hl hlmm dr drme mejt jtfg fgej ejtm tm iurd iurdjd jd cdjs cdjseh ehue uejz jzff `m uj ujff rdtt rdttur urff jel jel smst smsteg egff cdguj cdg ujmc mcft ftmv mvdd fvve fvvert rtmt mtff dr drgf gfmm cdj cdj jett jettez ezzf zf mj etî etî cf cfrd rdlm lmjh jhmf mf,, cb cbee mgpe mgpe`m `mvf vf lf cdjtmjufzmdje `m sdluzmdjm stmlmstmcbe e sdprfttuttd lmjhumstmcbe `m cdgprdgessd, e cbe ve`evf perÿ fl tegpd stessd m judvm testm rdgfjzm cdge m cdjtmjuftdrm m`eflm `m questm  prd`dttm `ell”etî fjtermdre. fjtermdre. ?.3 Letterfture e culture; ere`mtî clfssmcbe e jdvmtî ge`mevflm, cdltd e pdpdlfre

Lf questmdje `ell”Drmhmje `elle letterfture vdlhfrm e `ellf relfzmdje trf esse e lf letterfturf lftmjf fjtmcf e ge`mevfle, jdj bf ujf `mgejsmdje sdld letterfrmf1 foomfgd, mjvece, f cbe ifre cdj trf`mzmdjm letterfrme fjcdrf jellf ifse `m prmgf `eimjmzmdje1 ml  prdcessd fvvmeje mj strettd rfppdrtd cdj l”fiiergfzmdje l”fiiergfzmdje `m smstegm lmjhumstmcm mjjdvftmvm, quellm `elle lmjhue jed-lftmje, cbe cdgmjcmfjd f` fssugere ujd stftutd oej `eimjmtd, fjcbe jellf cdscmejzf `em pfrlfjtm, sdld mjtdrjd fl MR secdld. Cdjvmeje,  pertfjtd, ml `mscdrsd sulrdgfjze. pmfjd `elle culture`mejtrd le quflm mjquf`rfre questmdjermprdpdrre `elle Drmhmjm letterfrme F irdjte questm smstegm culturflm lfe letterfrm mj vmf `m idrgfzmdje pdssmfgd scdrhere; lf trf`mzmdje culturfle lftmjf e specmflgejte lftmjd-crmstmfjf f cum if cfpd tuttf lf prd`uzmdje scrmttf e cbe `eimjmsce ml lmvelld pmý fltd `ellf prd`uzmdje culturfle e mjtellettufle `el tegpd. Mj questf cdj`mzmdje â qumj`m mjevmtfomle cbe elegejtm `m prdvejmejzf lftmjf, clfssmcf e ge`mevfle, rmsultmjd presejtm mj testm prdifjm1 tuttm m pmý fjtmcbm testm letterfrm, tuttm mjvfrmfomlgejte `”mspmrfzmdje relmhmdsf, gdstrfjd, mjifttm, `m essere stftm gd`ellftm ejtrd lf trf`mzmdje lftmjdcrmstmfjf e `m utmlmzzfre trfttm idrgflm quflmimcfjtm, rmpresm `f scrmtture lftmje1 lf trf`mzmdje prdifjf e vdlhfre, cum sm `evdjd fspettm tmpmcm `elle letterfture rdgfjze; tegm e gdtmvm lehftm flle imhure `el huerrmerd, `el cfvflmere, `ellf `fgf, fllf cdrtesmf, fll”fgdre, fll”fvvejturf, cdgprej`ejtm elegejtm `m tmpd trf` trf`mz mzmd mdjf jfle le,, cdge cdge te tegm gm pdpdl pdpdlfr freh ehhm hmfj fjtm tm e idj` idj`dd idla idlald ldrm rmcd cd,, e cdsì cdsì pure pure  pdssmomlm rmletture ofsse `m gdtmvm `m mspmrfzmdje relmhmdsf, ml tuttd espressd mj 



Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

idrge e tmpdldhme testuflm lehfte f queste estrfzmdjm.  Jel cfgpd letterfrmd-culturfle letterfrmd-culturfle lehftd fm vdlhfrm, l”mj`mvm`ufzmdje `m questm `ue pdlm  prmjcmpflm (l”ere`mtî lftmjf e lftmjd-crmstmfjf lftmjd-crmstmfjf e hlm elegejtm `m jdvmtî `el gdj`d pdstrdgfjd d pdst-mgpermfle), pergette `m idcflmzzfre le `ue cbmfvm `m letturf cbe sdjd stfte prdpdste `f vfrme scudle `m pejsmerd per mjterpretfre ml iejdgejd `elle Drmhmjm `elle letterfture rdgfjze; `f uj lftd, ujf trfimlf cdltf, clermcfle, ge`mdlftmjf; l”fttejzmdje â rmvdltf mj 

 prmgf ofttutf versd ujf letterfrmetî cdltf1 `fll”fltrd lftd, ujf lmjef pdpdlfre; sm prmvmlehmfjd hlm fspettm idlaldrmcm e le idrge lehfte f espressmdjm drflm e m juclem tegftmcm cdjjessm cdj culture ofsse.  Jel prmgd cfsd sm fttrmoumsce rmlevfjzf prmgfrmf fhlm spettm idrgflm `ellf scrmtturf, fhlm mjilussm `ellf getrmcf tfr`d-fjtmcf e ge`mdlftmjf, fll”drhfjmzzfzmdje retdrmcf e, qumj`m, fllf quflmtî cdgplessmvf `ellf cdgpdsmzmdje, fllf letterfrmetî jel sejsd pmý rmstrettd e rmhdrdsd `el tergmje, cbe cdjiermsce vfldre e `mhjmtî fl prd`dttd testufle.  Jel secdj`d cfsd sm vfldrmzzfjd, mjvece, hlm fspettm tegftmcm e culturflm, cbe cdmjvdlhdjd m tmpm ugfjm `em prdtfhdjmstm, hlm fspettm `m sejsmomlmtî e qufjtd `m tuttd cmÿ gd`ellf le strutture e m geccfjmsgm jfrrftmvm `m idj`d. ^ertfjtd, sm `î cre`mtd fllf  pdssmomlmtî cbe mjtdrjd f questm juclem drmhmjfrm sm smfjd elfodrftm judvm tegm e cdjtejutm lehftm fllf refltî stdrmcf `el tegpd e sm smfjd vejutm pfrmgejtm drhfjmzzfj`d e fiimjfj`d `em smstegm idrgflm, getrmcm e retdrmcm mjjfjzmtuttd, mj hrf`d `m esprmgerlm secdj`d gd`flmtî mjjdvftmve, `miierejzmfte rmspettd fllf trf`mzmdje lftmjf. ^rmvmlehmfre mj gfjmerf gfrcftf l”ujd d l”fltrd `ehlm fspettm mj`mcftm smhjmimcf f`dttfre l”ujf d l”fltrf cbmfve `m letturf per lf questmdje `ellf idrgfzmdje `elle trf`mzmdjm letterfrme rdgfjze1 jdj â, perÿ, jecessfrmd prej`ere pfrtmtd mj gfjmerf cdsì jettf. Mjjfjzmtuttd, flgejd per l”Fltd Ge`mdevd, ml permd`d per jdm `ecmsmvd, â preiermomle jdj mjtrd`urre `mstmjzmdjm rmhm`e trf lmvellm e smstegm `m culturf cdjtrfppdstm, oejsì  pejsfre mj tergmjm `m culturf cdrrejte, per cum fccfjtd fllf culturf `estmjftf f` ujf rehmstrfzmdje scrmttf (elmtfrmf percbí tecjmcf), je foomfgd uj”fltrf, jdj `estmjftf fllf scrmtturf, cbe pdtrî per idrzf `m cdse essere cbmfgftf drfle. Ujf trf`mzmdje testufle lftmjf e ujf vdlhfre, qumj`m, cdesmstdjd e sm mjiluejzfjd; ujf â 

sdprfttuttd scrmttf, l”fltrf sdprfttuttd drfle. Ml prdolegf `m idj`d â cbe cdjdscmfgd sdld testm scrmttm, qumj`m foomfgd jecessfrmfgejte ujf vmsufle `mstdrtf `ellf refltî cbe qum cm mjteressf e sdprfttuttd `ellf ifse `m prmge Drmhmjm; `ellf letterfturf vdlhfre, cdge fjcbe `ellf cdgujmcfzmdje mj lmjhuf vdlhfre, cdjdscmfgd pertfjtd sdltfjtd cmÿ cbe â stftd cdjservftd mj idrgf scrmttf f` dperf `m prdiessmdjmstm `ellf scrmtturf lftmjf. Ym â, `ujque, qufle `ftd ofsmlfre e `etergmjfjte, quelld cbe sm pdtreooe `eimjmre cdge uj idj`d rdgf dgfjzd, per suf jfturf lehftd ftd pmý mgge`mftfgejte, gf jdj esclusmvfg esclu smvfgejte, ejte, fllf `mgejsmdje `mgejsmdje `ell”drflmtî. `ell”drflmtî. Ml ifttd ifttd cbe questd questd idj`d rdgfjzd, per  suf jfturf lehftd fllf `mgejsmdje `ell”drflmtî, f jdm siuhhf mj hrfj pfrte per tuttf lf ifse pmý fjtmcf, quellf hrdssd gd`d fltd-ge`mevfle, e cbe jdj se je pdssf ifre stdrmf, se jdj per spezzdjm e trfcce prmgf cbe sm gfjmiestm lf suf trfjsmzmdje flld scrmttd, jdj smhjmimcf cbe essd jdj smf esmstmtd; vf segplmcegejte pdstulftd cdge uj `ftd `m  pfrtejzf mj`mspejsfomle e` mjelu`momle. mjelu`momle. Sm trfttf `m ujf cdgpdjejte cbe, f irdjte `el lftmjd, restf per lujhbmssmgd tegpd, flge flgejd jd im imjd jd f @fjt @fjtee per per l” l”Mt Mtfl flmf mf,, cdgpl cdgples essm smvfg vfgej ejte te suof suoflt lter erjf jf sul sul pmfj pmfjdd `ell `ellff

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

idrgflmtî letterfrmf mjtesf mj sejsd lftd e certfgejte qufjtd f stftutd e rudld `ehlm futdrm. Lf cdgpdjejte vdlhfre bf perÿ `fllf suf l”ejdrge pdtejzmfle cdjiermtd `fll”espressmdje jfturfle cdjtrfppdstf f` ujf lmjhuf jellf peculmfre cdj`mzmdje mj cum sm trdvfvf ml lftmjd ge`mevfle; jdj lmjhuf gdrtf, certfgejte, gf jeppure vmvf se jdj mj ujf `mgejsmdje gerfgejte mjtellettufle. Lf smtufzmdje smtufzmdje evdlve mj epdcf ofssd-ge`mevf ofssd-ge`mevfle, le, f sehumtd sehumtd `em prdidj`m cfgomfge cfgomfgejtm jtm `elle sdcmetî e fll”egerhere `m judvm cetm odrhbesm, lehftm fl cdggercmd e flle fttmvmtî ecdjdgmcbe `ell”frtmhmfjftd. RMMM eemlmllmtterftm, RMY secdld, mjifttm, `mstfccde trf `ue tmpm `m puoolmcd; jdj Irf pmý mlclermcm sepfrftm `f smujfssmste fomssdfltecjmcd tutt tuttfv fvmf mf pfrt pfrtec ecmp mpmm `m ujf ujf cult cultur urff sdst sdstfj fjzm zmfl flge gejt jtee ujmcf ujmcf,, gf flif flifoe oetm tmzzf zzftm tm e jdj jdj flifoetmzzftm1 m prmgm `dgmjfjd uj cdgplessd `m prftmcbe ecdjdgmcbe e hmurm`mcbe  prdidj`fgejte lehfte fllf scrmtturf, m secdj`m `epdsmtfrm `m ujf culturf trf`mzmdjfle, cdj geccfjmsgm `m svmluppd estregfgejte lejtm, pure se `estmjftf f cdggescersm cdj ecbm e stmgdlm prdvejmejtm `fllf letterfturf scrmttf per crefre judvm gd`ellm `m hustd e judve prftmcbe cdgpdsmtmve `dtfte `m specmimcf drmhmjflmtî.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Fjtmcbmtî cbmtî e Fltd Fltd Ge`mdevd Ge`mdevd 3. Pfr`f Fjtm

L'mjmzmd `el ge`mdevd â lehftd flle mjvfsmdjm ofrofrmcbe, cfusf `m uj futejtmcd e repejtmjd cdllfssd `ell'Mgperd, cbe sm `mssdlve mj Dccm`ejte lfscmfj`d pdstd fm rehjm rdgfjd-ofrofrmcm. Ml iejdgejd â, mj refltî, cdgplessd e sm prdlujhf jel tegpd; f pfrte ml smjhdld fvvejmgejtd per jdm eclftfjte, lf `epdsmzmdje, cmdâ, `ell'ultmgd mgperftdre `'Dc `' Dccm cm`e `ejt jte, e, _d _dgd gdld ld Fu Fuhu hust stdd f` dp dper erff `e `ell re er erul uldd D` D`df dfcr cree (0 (089 89 `. `.C. C.), ), cm cdjirdjtmfgd cdj uj prdcessd hrf`ufle `m `mshrehfgejtd e rmcdgpdsmzmdje. 3.6 Ml quf`rd stdrmcd `m rmiermgejtd

Ujf crmsm `el smstegf mgpermfle rdgfjd sm prdimlf hmî jel MMM secdld `.C. e cdj @mdclezmfjd, fllf imje `elld stessd secdld, sm bf l'uiimcmflmzzfzmdje `ellf sepfrfzmdje mj `uee pf `u pfrt rtm, m, dc dccm cm`e `ejt jtfl flee e dr drme mejt jtfl fle, e, `d `dtf tfte te `m re relf lftm tmvf vf mj mj`m `mpe pej` j`ej ejzf zf pd pdlm lmtm tmcf cf,, fggmjmstrftmvf e gmlmtfre. Vuestf `mvmsmdje sfjcmsce lf `miierejzf trf uj Dccm`ejte culturflgejte e lmjhumstmcfgejte lftmjd e uj Drmejte hrecd. Lf sepfrfzmdje jdj â,  perÿ, tdtfle jí mgge`mftf; cdjsmstejtm cdgujmtî lftmje sm gfjterrfjjd smjd fl YM secdld mj `mverse cmttî mgpdrtfjtm `el Ge`mterrfjed Drmejtfle e imjd fll'epdcf `m Hmustmjmfjd cfjcellermf`mmgpermfle cdjservÿ l'fomtu`mje `ellfjelle scrmtturf ml lftmjd, cdge ifttdre fjcbelfsmgodlmcd cdjtmjumtî cdl pfssftd. Puttfvmf, rehmdjm drmejtflm ml hrecd prevflse mj gfjmerf rfpm`f, fssdroej`d cdgpletfgejte le m`ejtmtî lftmje. Fllf imje `el MY secdld e pdm sdprfttuttd jel Y secdld `.C., mj Dccm`ejte l'ujmtî  pdlmtmcf sm `mshrehf, f sehumtd mjjfjzmtuttd `elle mjvfsmdjm e `ell”mjse`mfgejtd `m  pdpdlfzmdjm ofrofre, sdprfttuttd `m stmrpe hergfjmcf. Je cdjsehue l'mj`eodlmgejtd, se jdj lf verf e prdprmf `mstruzmdje, `el cejtrd, prd`dttfsm fjcbe f lmvelld smgodlmcd cdl sfccbehhmd `m _dgf _d gf `f pfrte `em Ymsmhdtm Ymsmhdtm e pdm `em Yfj`flm. Yfj`flm. F cmÿ sehue lf idrgfzmdje `m ujf serme `m rehjm, `m drhfjmsgm pdlmtmcd-fggmjmstrftmvm, idj`ftm su juclem `m  pdpdlfzmdjm hergfjmcbe. Mjmzmflgejte questm rehjm iurdjd idrgflgejte `mpej`ejtm `fll'futdrmtî mgpermfle e mj jdj pdcbm cfsm cdjservfrdjd questd lehfge fjcbe per  lujhd tegpd. Le cdjsehuejze `m questf crmsm pdlmtmcd-mstmtuzmdjfle, ecdjdgmcf e sdcmfle iurdjd hrfvmssmge fjcbe sul pmfjd culturfle e lmjhumstmcd; vmeje f gfjcfre uj'futejtmcf ujmtî pdlmtmcf, uj cejtrd1 vejhdjd `urfgejte cdlpmte fjcbe le cmttî, `f segpre elegejtd cfr`mje `ellf pejetrfzmdje rdgfjf e `el smstegf `m cdjtrdlld `el terrmtdrmd; lf percejtufle `m pdpdlfzmdje resm`ejte jellf cmttî `mgmjumsce mj gfjmerf `rfstmcf. le mjvfsmdjm cdj m ldrd fspettm pmý orutflm, sfccbehhm e `mstruzmdjm, e le huerre cbe sm sus susseh sehudj udjdd cfu cfusfj sfjdd `fjj `fjjmm hrf hrfvms vmssmg smgm, m, tfl tfldrf drf mr mrrep repfrf frfoml omlm, m, mj set settdr tdrmm estregfgejte `elmcftm cdge quellm `ell'mstruzmdje e `em `e m pftrmgdjm lmorfrm. fppfmdjd judvm `mrmttm, idj`ftm sulle trf`mzmdjm etjmcbe `elle judve pdpdlfzmdjm,  prmgf fllefte, pdm mj`mpej`ejtm jem judvm drhfjmsgm stftflm, stftflm, cdj `miierejzmfzmdjm 

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recmprdcbe fjcbe `ehlm sejsmomlm. Ultermdrm gd`mimcfzmdjm fssettm terrmtdrmflm sm prd`ucdjd trf ml YM e l'YMMM secdld; le `mvmsmdjm `el `dgmjmd irfjcd jell”etî precfrdlmjhmf e cfrdlmjhmf1 

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

hlm scdjvdlhmgejtm prd`dttm jellf ^ejmsdlf moermcf `fll'mjvfsmdje frfod-oeroerf `el 866, cdj lf cdjsehuejte rm`eimjmzmdje `ellf presejzf crmstmfjf mj ujf serme `m rehjm e prmjcmpftm jel settejtrmdje `ellf ^ejmsdlf1 le su su`` ``mv mvms msmd mdjm jm mj mjte terj rjee fl fll'l'Mt Mtfl flmf mf f se sehu humt mtdd `e `ell ll'm'mjv jvfs fsmd mdje je ld ldjh jhdo dofr fr`f `f e `ell'mjse`mfgejtd `m uj _ehjd Ldjhdofr`d jel Jdr`, `estmjftd f `urfre smjd fll'etî cfrdlmjhmf, `m `ucftm ldjhdofr`m jel Cejtrd e, cdjtrfppdstm f` essm, `m terrmtdrm cdjtrdllftm `f Omzfjtmjm. Su qu ques este te of ofsm sm sm ft fttu tufj fjdd le rm rmcd cdgp gpds dsmz mzmd mdjm jm `e `ehl hlmm fs fsse sett ttmm pd pdlm lmtm tmcm cm e cu cult ltur urfl flm, m, cdrrmspdj`ejtm mj sdstfjzf fssfm oeje fjcbe fm `ftm lmjhumstmcm, cbe `eimjmscdjd ml quf` qu f`rd rd ms mstm tmtu tuzm zmdj djfl flee `e `ell ll”E ”Eur urdp dpff trf mj mjmz mzmd md `e `ell ll”R ”RMM se secd cdld ld e mj mjmz mzmd md `e `ell RM RMMM MM.. _mpercdrrmfgdje mj smjtesm m gdgejtm sflmejtm. Ml _ehjd `m Irfjcmf sm idrgf f sehumtd `el rfpm`d cdllfssd `ell'ujmtî mgpermfle vdlutf `f Cfrld Gfhjd. Hmî sdttd m prmgm sdvrfjm `m stmrpe cfrdlmjhmf sm gfjmiestf ujf relftmvf relft mvf e pdm segpre pmý hrfve `eodlezzf `eodlezzf `elle mstmtuzmdjm mstmtuzmdjm cejtrflm cejtrflm rmsp rmspettd ettd fm hrfj`m ieu`ftfrm. Uj judvd scejfrmd â fpertd `fllf cdjqumstf jdrgfjjf `ell'Mjhbmlterrf `f pfrte `m Huhlmelgd ml Cdjqumstftdre; lmjhuf e culturf irfjcese, qumj`m, sdjd rmversfte mj Mjhbmlterrf fttrfversd le mstmtuzmdjm `m mgpmfjtd jdrgfjjd-cdjtmjejtfle e fttrfversd 

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l'frmstdcrfzmf, cumecclesmfstmcbe, sdjd sehjftm mjgdjfsterm hrfj pfrtee vescdvftm1 m ieu`m e sdjd fttrmoumtm rudlm `m cdjtrdlld jelle mstmtuzmdjm fl cdjtrfrmd, ml cdjtfttd cbe sm stfom st fomlms lmsce ce cdl gdj gdj`d `d cel celtmc tmcdd â fll fll'dr 'drmhm mhmje je `m flc flcuje uje `el `elle le pmý hrf hrfj`m j`m mjv mjvejz ejzmdj mdjmm letterfrme `el RMM secdld, `estmjfte f persmstere jellf trf`mzmdje Dccm`ejtfle (Frtý, m cfvflmerm `ellf Pfvdlf _dtdj`f, ml Sfjtd Hrffl, Prmstfjd Prmstfjd e Msdttf). Lf ^rmgf Crdcmftf, culgmjftf cdj lf cdjqumstf `m Herusflegge jel 6>==, pdrtÿ fllf cdstmtuzmdje `m uj hruppd `m Stftm crmstmfjm jell'drmejte ge`mterrfjed; lf ldrd esmstejzf, fjcbe se fll”mjmzmd precfrmf, smhjmimcÿ cdgujque lf presejzf `m vdlhfrm rdgfjzm,  prmjcmpflgejte `el irfjcese, lmjhuf `m cdrte e `ellf letterfturf, mj quelld cbe sm usf dhhm mj`mcfre cdge Drmejte lftmjd.  Jellf ^ejmsdlf Moermcf, m prmjcmpftm crmstmfjm sdprfvvmssutm fll'mjvfsmdje frfof `el 866 cdjsdlm`fj cdjsd lm`fjdd lf ldrd pdsmz pdsmzmdje, mdje, `fj`d vmtf f verm e prdpr prdprmm stftm, spessd mj cdjil cdjilmttd mttd trf ldrd per lf supregfzmf ldcfle, dltre cbe cdj m gusulgfjm. L'msdlfgejtd pdlmtmcd e culturfle `m questm rehjm rmspettd fl restd `ell'Eurdpf crmstmfjf â gfrcftd, cdj l'eccezmdje `ellf Cftfldhjf, estregd legod `m uj'Eurdpf cfrdlmjhmf e  pdst-cfrdlmjhmf jellf qufle cm fppfre idrtegejte mjtehrftf. @fll'mjmzmd `ell'RM secdld sm gfjmiestf cdj vmhdre lf spmjtf fllf _ecdjqumstf f `fjjd `el cflmiiftd gusulgfjd, cbe cdjtrdllf pmý `ellf getî `ellf ^ejmsdlf1 fcqumsmzmdjm mgpdrtfjtm fvvejhdjd trf l'RM e ml RMM secdld, gf â sdprfttuttd ml RMMM secdld f ve`ere ml crdlld `eimjmtmvd `ellf pdtejzf frfof sdttd lf spmjtf `ecmsmvf `ellf Cfstmhlmf. ^er qufjtd rmhufr`f l'Mtflmf, mjvece, fll'fltf irfggejtfzmdje `el Jdr` e `m pfrte `el cejtrd, `dve sm cdgmjcmf f `elmjefre l'mgpdrtfjzf `ellf sdcmetî cdgujfle e `ellf Cmttî, fttdrjd fllf qufle sm fj`rfjjd `eimjej`d le refltî lmjhumstmcbe e culturflm pdm fttestfte f pfrtmre `fl RMM secdld, ifjjd `f cdjtrfltfre flcujm mgpdrtfjtm prmjcmpftm lfmcm e` ecclesmfstmcm `el cejtrd e sdprfttuttd ml hrfj`e Stftd jdrgfjjd `el su`, drhfjmzzftdsm mj pdcbmssmgd tegpd jellf secdj`f getî `ell”RM secdld. Lf `mvmsmdje e lf irfggejtfzmdje `em pdterm cdjsehudjd fll'fssejzf `m uj'futdrmtî

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

cejtrfle jdj sdld idrgfle trf R e RM secdld1 successmvm tejtftmvm, cdge quellm `ehlm mgperftdrm hergfjmcm, imjflmzzftm f rmprmstmjfre idrge `m pdtere cejtrfle e ujf relftmvf ujmtî, sm scdjtrfrdjd cdj resmstejze idrtmssmge idrtmssmge `m futdjdgme ldcflm hmî cdjsdlm`ftesm, le quflm iurdjd pdm fll”drmhmje `ehlm Stftm e `em prmjcmpftm `ell”Mtflmf ofssd-ge`mevfle e gd`erjf. 3.? 3. ? Irf Pfr fr`f `f Fj Fjtm tmcb cbmt mtî î e Ge` e`mmde devd vd;; if iftt ttdr drmm `m cd cdj jtm tmju jummtî tî,, if iftt ttdr drmm `m cfgomfgejtd

Lf ifse `m sjd`d trf lf Pfr`f fjtmcbmtî e l”Fltd ge`mdevd â gdltd mgpdrtfjte `fl  pujtd `m vmstf stdrmcd hejerfle, hejerfle, gf ld â fjcbe `fl pujtd `m vmstf `ellf `ellf stdrmf lmjhumstmcf lmjhumstmcf `ell'Dccm`ejte, `fl gdgejtd cbe â trf ml Y e ml YM secdld cbe cdjvmeje cdlldcfre ml gdgejtd `m prmgf crmsm `ellf lftmjmtî cdge smstegf lmjhumstmcd ujmtfrmd e cdge mjsmege culturfle. Lf cesurf trf Gdj`d Fjtmcd e Ge`md Evd jdj â jettmssmgf e lf trfsidrgfzmdje sm  prd`uce mj uj lfssd `m tegpd relftmvfgejte lujhd. Mj questf ifse `m pfssfhhmd sm gfjm gf jmie iest stfj fjdd fl flcu cujm jm if iftt ttdr drmm `m cd cdjt jtmj mjum umtî tî e mj ce cert rtdd gd gd`d `d fj fjcb cbee `m st stfo foml mlmt mtî; î; mjtehrfzmdje trf mjvfsdrm e rdgfjm, f` esegpmd, sm reflmzzf dvujque jel ge`md-lujhd  permd`d. Dltre flle `miierejze culturflm, sdcmflm e lmjhumstmcbe, uj dstfcdld rmlevfjte, superf sup erftd td jel teg tegpd, pd, â `ft `ftdd `fl `flle le `mv `mvers ersmtî mtî rel relmhm mhmdse dse;; lf Cbm Cbmesf esf,, per perÿ, ÿ, sm fi fiier iergf gf `eim `e imjm jmtm tmvf vfg gej ejte te cd cdge ge if iftt ttdr dree `m dr dr`m `mjf jfge gejt jtdd e cd cdjs jsdl dlm` m`fg fgej ejtd td su sull pm pmfj fjdd fggmjmstrftmvd e su quelld `ellf prftmcf relmhmdsf1 sdprfttuttd ml rmcdjdscmgejtd `ellf se`e `el pfpftd pdrtÿ cdj sí ml gfjtejmgejtd jdj sdld `m ujf cejtrflmtî rdgfjf, gf sdprfttuttd `m uj'm`ef `m cejtrd. Sdprfvvmvdjd, mjimje, mj tdjd gmjdre rmspettd fl pfssftd mgpermfle, lf scudlf e le strutture fggmjmstrftmve fggmjmstrftmve `m hestmdje `el pdtere. Gfjcf, perÿ, jel quf`rd smj qum foodzzftd, uj ultermdre ifttdre, idrse l”ujmcd `fvverd `etergmjfjte sul terrejd `em iejdgejm culturflm cbe qum mjteressfjd. Flle spflle `ellf Cbmesf cdge mstmtuzmdje e fjcbe `el gfjtejmgejtd `el lftmjd cdge lmjhuf ujmimcfjte `ell'Dccm`ejte stf, mjifttm, ujf refltî mjjdvftmvf; ml crmstmfjesmgd. Â ujf `elle relmhmdjm rmvelfte, `ujquepresejze f sud idj`fgejtd uj cdrpus testufle, le Sfcregdltd scrmtture. Lf Omoomf, eccettuftebfflcuje `el testd hrecd qufsm esclusmvfgejte fjtmcbe, cmrcdlf mj Dccm`ejte mj lftmj lftmjdd e mj vfrme vers versmdjm mdjm trf le quflm â `est `estmjftf mjftf f` fii fiiergfr ergfrsm sm quellf `ettf Yulhft Yulhftf, f, re`fttf `f Sfj Hmrdlfgd Hmrdlfgd fllf imje `el MY secdld. Jdj sdld lf Omoomf â uj testd scrmttd, cbe vf lettd e cdgpresd mjjfjzmtuttd f lmvelld letterfle, `f cum `mscej`e lf jecessmtî `m ujf prepfrfzmdje hrfggftmcfle `m ofse mj lftmjd, gf â uj testd `miimcmle cbe jecessmtf `m mjterpretfzmdje e rmcbme`e uj fppdsmtd fppfrftd `m cdggejtd f pmý lmvellm. L”esehesm crmstmfjf, cbe sm puÿ `mre cdgmjcmftf hmî cdj le Epmstdle `m Sfj ^fdld, sm svmluppf mgpetudsfgejte cdj l”dperf `em ^f`rm `ellf Cbmesf e prd`uce ujf letterfturf fgplmssmgf e, mj Dccm`ejte, dvvmfgejte mj lftmjd. Prf m pf`rm `ellf Cbmesf, mj Dccm`ejte, bf mgpdrtfjzf `etergmjfjte Sfjt'Fhdstmjd, vescdvdd `m Mppdjf, jdj sdld per lf rmle vescdv rmlevfjzf vfjzf mjtrmjsecf mjtrmjsecf `em sudm scrmttm scrmttm per hlm fspettm `dtt `d ttrm rmjf jfrm rm e pe perr lf ld ldrd rd qu qufl flmt mtîî fj fjcb cbee id idrg rgfl fle, e, gf sd sdpr prft fttu tutt ttdd cdg cdgee pr prmj mjcm cmpf pfle le  prdgdtdre `m uj'dperf `m ge`mfzmdje f tuttd cfgpd trf lf trf`mzmdje clfssmcd-pfhfjf e lf trf`mzmdje crmstmfjf. Jel prdhettd `m Fhdstmjd e jellf suf stessf prftmcf `m scrmttdre e

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`m hum`f `ellf Cbmesf, ml smstegf `m mstruzmdje fjtmcd, idj`ftd sulle frtm lmoerflm, hmî imjfl im jflmz mzzf zftd td fl fllf lf id idrg rgfz fzmd mdje je `el cm cmtt ttf` f`mj mjdd `e `ell llee cl clfs fssm sm `m `mrm rmhe hejt jtmm rd rdgf gfje je,, vm vmej ejee rmcd rm cdjv jver ertm tmtd td â rm rmdr drme mejt jtft ftdd mj se sejs jsdd cr crms mstm tmfj fjd, d, im imjf jflm lmzz zzft ftdd fl fllf lf id idrg rgfz fzmd mdje je `m uj sfcer`dte1 l'mjsmege `ell'mstruzmdje cdgmjcmf fjcbe f` fssugere l'fssettd cbe sfrî pdm tmpmcd `el ge`mdevd, cdj l'frtmcdlfzmdje su tre `mscmplmje f idrgfre ml cdsm``ettd trmvmu trm vmug g `m ofs ofsee (h (hrfg rfggft gftmcf mcf,, ret retdrm drmcf, cf, `mf `mflet lettmc tmcf), f), cum seh sehumv umvfjd fjd le quft qufttrd trd `el quf`rmvmug (hedgetrmf, frmtgetmcf, fstrdjdgmf, gusmcf). Ml gd`elld fhdstmjmfjd sm mgpdje rfpm`fgejte e idj`f cmÿ cbe â per jdm ml Ge`mdevd crmstmfjd dccm`ejtfle jellf trf`mzmdje `elle lettere lftmje. Essd â sdstfjzmflgejte f`dttftd f ofse `ell'drhfjmzzfzmdje `em gdjfsterm `m rehdlf oeje`ettmjf e lì reflmzzftd, sdprfttuttd `fl YMM secdld mj pdm, jellf `uplmce prftmcf `elld stu`md e `ellf trfscrmzmdje `em cd`mcm; jellf ifse `elmcftf `m trfpfssd, le mstmtuzmdjm gdjfstmcbe fccdlserd ml cdgpmtd `m cdjservfre e prdtehhere ujf pfrte smhjmimcftmvf `el pftrmgdjmd letterfrmd `el gdj`d lftmjd. ^er qufjtd cm mjteressf, ml cdjirdjtd trf testm crmstmfjm e clfssmcm jdj â segpre scdjtftd; `fll”etî cfrdlmjhmf mj pdm, essd â idjte `m vfrme tejtfzmdjm, prmgf `m gdjfcm, fttrfttm `fl ifscmjd `elle lettere clfssmcbe, cbe `dvevfjd mjvece essere gfjtejute jel rfjhd mj idj`d servmle `elle `mscmplmje strugejtflm, e pdm `m mjtellettuflm lehftm flle scudle cftte`rflm, spessd mrrehdlfrm, cmdâ jdj mjsermtm mj uj dr`mjfgejtd `eimjmtd. Â utmle, f questd pujtd, ujf cdgpfrfzmdje cdj lf cdj`mzmdje `ell”frfod clfssmcd; jem  pfesm frfom sm presejtf ujf smtufzmdje smtufzmdje cbe f prmgf vmstf bf `mversm trfttm mj cdguje cdj quellf `ellf _dgîjmf ge`mevfle1 ujf sdlf cdgujmtî frfof, cdj uj sdld lmord sfcrd mj frfod, cdj ujf sdlf lmjhuf fltf e scrmttf, gf cdj jugerdsm `mflettm jfzmdjflm. Lf `miierejzf â cbe jem pfesm frfom cm sdjd cdgujque stftm gd`erjm e c'â uj smstegf scdlfstmcd cfpmllfre1 m `mflettm huf`fhjfjd spfzmd jelle idrge frtmstmcbe drflm, gf cdjtmjufjd f restfre sdstfjzmflgejte iudrm `fllf letterfturf. Flcujm trfttm `mstmjtmvm vfjjd mj prmgd ludhd sehjflftm. Fl gdgejtd mj cum Gfdgettd scrmsse ml Cdrfjd, l'frfod erf ujf lmjhuf `m ujf cdgujmtî rmstrettf, gdltd cdesf1 l”frfod `m ifttd jdj fvevf ujf letterfturf scrmttf, gejtre esmstevfjd hejerm pdetmcm fiim`ftm esclusmvfgejte esclusmvfgejte fllf gegdrmf1 mjimje, quellf frfof erf flldrf ujf sdcmetî gdltd segplmce frtmcdlftf, gdj`d pfstdrmzmf flle fttmvmtî gerc ge rcfj fjtm tmlm lm.e. pdcd Mjse Mj sere rej` j`ds dsmm mj lehftf quest que stdd flcd cdjt jtes estd td,, `ellf ml Cd Cdrf rfjd jd,, cb cbeejdgf`e cref cr efvf vf e`f `fl l ju jull llff lf letterfturf frfof cdj uj testd sfcrd, sm mgpdse cdge ujmcd pujtd `m rmiermgejtd lmjhumstmcd-letterfrmd, mgpe`ej`d `m ifttd quflsmfsm evdluzmdje mjjdvftmvf jellf lmjhuf letterfrmf uiimcmfle. Mjdltre, `urfjte l'espfjsmdje, l'frfod, lmjhuf `el Cdrfjd e `el ^rdietf, iu ifttdre `m ujmimcfzmdje e `m m`ejtmtî relmhmdsf. Sdjd evm`ejtm le `miierejze cbe sm stfomlmscdjd mjtdrjd f questm pujtm crucmflm cdj lf smtufzmdje `el gdj`d lftmjd tfr`d-fjtmcd e cdj l”mggmssmdje `el crmstmfjesmgd e `el sud lmord sfcrd mj questd cdjtestd. Mjtfjtd ml gdj`d lftmjd preesmste fl crmstmfjesmgd1 sm trfttf `m ujf refltî lmjhumstmcd-culturfle cbe vmeje sì hrf`uflgejte crmstmfjmzzftf, cdj eiiettm fjcbe trfugftmcm, gf lf cum esmstejzf jdj vmeje gfm gessf sermfgejte mj `mscussmdje. @m cdjsehuejzf, lf trf`uzmdje lftmjf `ellf Omoomf sm mjsermsce mj uj cdjtestd lmjhumstmcd-letterfrmd lmjhumstmcd-letterfrmd frtmcdlftd, cum cdrrmspdj`e lf plurflmtî `m lmvellm e rehmstrm stmlmstmcm rmcbmestf `f ujf sdcmetî cdgplessf e` evdlutf, cbe trf l'fltrd if fgpmd e

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

vfrmehftd usd `ellf cdgujmcfzmdje scrmttf. Prf questm rehmstrm, fjcbe lf versmdje  omolmcf trdvf lf prdprmf cdlldcfzmdje, fccettfj`d lf jdrgf hrfggftmcfle fjtmcf, gf rmimutfj`d l”f`esmdje fllf herfrcbmf stmlmstmcf `ellf letterfturf clfssmcf mj jdge `m uj”fperturf, ugmle, versd m cetm mjiermdrm; `f uj lftd, qumj`m, lf Omoomf jdj vmeje fiifttd f` fssugere ml rudld `m ujmcd e stfomle pujtd `m rmiermgejtd lmjhumstmcdletterfrmd cbe â prdprmd `el Cdrfjd jellf sdcmetî frfod-mslfgmcf1 `fll'fltrd, lf vdldjtî `m hf hfrf rfjt jtmr mree lf cdg cdgpr prej ejsm smdj dje, e, f` f`eh ehufj ufj`d `dsm sm fl fllf lf lm lmjh jhuf uf cd cdrr rrej ejte te d qu qufj fjtd tdge gejd jd tejej`dje cdjtd, drmejtf smj `flle ifsm pmý fjtmcbe l'dperf `ehlm scrmttdrm crmstmfjm e mj  pfrtmcdlfre quellf `em trf`uttdrm omolmcm. o molmcm. F ifcmlmtfre ifcmlmtfre l”f`fttfgejtd flle pfrlfte cdrrejtm â lf stessf fgpmezzf `ellf vfrmfzmdje lmjhumstmcf mjterjf fl gdj`d rdgfjd, `ujque fl lftmjd, cdj l”fggmssmdje `m ujf pdssmomlmtî “rustmcf‗, cdj`fjjftf e `msprezzftf `fm retdrm clfssmcm, gf cdgujque jdj percepmtf cdge estrfjef e pdm rmvflutftf e imjd f uj certd pujtd fccdltf `fm crmstmfjm.  Jem secdlm sehuejtm, lf prd`uzmdje fltd-ge`mevfle lftmjf lmjhumstmcfgejte pmý mjjdvftmvf fpre lf strf`f fhlm usm scrmttm `em vdlhfrm, mj fccdr`d cdj lf tej`ejzf fjtmclfssmcf e pdpdlfre hmî prdprmf `em pmý futdrevdlm scrmttdrm crmstmfjm `m etî tfr`dmgpermfle. Lf idrgulfzmdje `m lmjhuf rdgfjf rustmcf cdj lf qufle ml vdlhfre vmeje per  lf prm prmgf gf vdl vdltf tf m`e m`ejtm jtmim imcftd cftd esplmcmt esplmcmtfge fgejte jte cdg cdgee lm lmjhuf jhuf `mversf `mversf `fl lftmjd lftmjd (m (mjj uj `elmoerftd `elmo erftd `el Cdjcm Cdjcmlmd lmd `m Pdurs `ell'263) `ell'263) e quell quellee cbe je `ermv `ermvfjd fjd cdstr cdstrumte umte mjtdrjd fll'm`ef `m rdgfjmtî sdttdlmjefjd lf cdjtmjumtî rdgfjf jellf rmcdjdscmutf `mversmtî m`mdgftmcf. 3.3 Lf `mgejsmdje lmjhumstmcf jell”ere`mtî culturfle lftmjf clfssmcf e crmstmfjf

@ue fspettm sdjd `f gettere mj evm`ejzf cdge rmsultftm `ell'ere`mtî crmstmfjd-lftmjf; crmstmfjd-lftmjf; 6. lf pr pres esej ejzf zf `el lftmjd lftmjd cd cdge ge el eleg egej ejtd td uj ujmi mimc mcfj fjte te f lm lmve vell lldd sm smff cu cult ltur urfl flee cb cbee lmjhumstmcd su scflf eurdpef. Prfsg Prfsgessd essd mjmzmflgejte `flle mstmtuzmdjm relmhmdse e cdge lmjhuf `el crmstmfjesmgd rdgfjd, mj lftmjd sm gfjtejje cdge lmjhuf `m culturf, `el `mrmttd, `ellf scmejzf, `ellf imldsdimf, fjcbe dltre lf irftturf sehjftf `fllf _midrgf `el RYM secdld1 ?. lf presejzf, presejzf , cdg cdgee mjs mjsmeg megee `m trfttm scrmtture trfttm fssdcm fss dcmftm ftmcbe fllfldlmjhuf lmjh uf lftmjf, lftmj `m gd` gd`flm flmtî tî `m scrmtturf jell'flifoetd lftmjd e jelle gettdjd mjf,prftmcf, le quflm cdjtmjufjd dhhm jel gfmuscdld (lf scrmtturf cfpmtfle epmhrfimcf lftmjf), jel gmjuscdld (ml smstegf `ellf scrmtturf cbe `esmhjmfgd cdge gmjuscdlf Cfrdlmjf, stmlmzzftfsm fll'epdcf `ellf _midrgf Cfrdlmjhmf, trf lf imje `el YMMM secdld e l”mj l” mjmz mzmd md `e `ell RM RM)) e je jell cd cdrs rsmv mvdd (u (ujf jf st stml mlmz mzzfz zfzmd mdje je cf cfrf rftt tter erms mstm tmcf cf `m ce cejt jtrm rm ugfjmstmcm mtflmfjm `ellf imje `el RY secdld e `ell'mjmzmd `el RYM). ^er questm gdtmvm jdj â errftd `mre cbe ml lftmjd bf dperftd per lujhd tegpd cdge ujf sdrt sd rtff `m su supe pers rstr trft ftdd lm lmjh jhum umst stmc mcdd-cu cult ltur urfl flee `e `ell ll'E 'Eur urdp dpff dc dccm cm`e `ejt jtfl flee e `e `emm su sudm dm  prdlujhfgejtm extrf-eurdpem, fjcbe mj`mpej`ejtegejte `fll”fppfrtejejzf `elle `elle lmjhue fl hruppd jedlftmjd. ^er fltrd versd, mj epdcf tfr`d-fjtmcf sm rehmstrf ujf crmsm evm`ejte `el lftmjd cdge gd`elld lmjhumstmcd ujmimcfjte mj sejsd vertmcfle, dssmf herfrcbmcd, `ellf sdcmetî. Fssmege fl `eclmjd hejerfle `ellf culturf e `el gd`elld culturfle clfssmcd cbe erf stftd prdprmd `el gdj`d rdgfjd, vf f pdstd mj rmsfltd flgejd uj secdj`d fspettd

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`ecmsmvd; lf `mssdluzmdje `em cejtrm e l'fiiergfzmdje `m tej`ejze ldcflmstmcbe; uj smjtdgd qufsm egolegftmcd `ellf crmsm `el gd`elld culturfle rdgfjd sm bf cdj ml rdvescmfgejtd `em vfldrm fssdcmftm fm tergmjm `m urofjmtfs e rustmcmtfs. Jel gdj`d fjtmcd ml pre`dgmjmd `el getrd `m hmu`mzmd idj`ftd sullf urofjmtfs (rfiimjftezzf, elehfjzf e` e`ucfzmdje) â tdtfle, f rmprdvf `m uj mjterd gd`elld cmvmle idj`ftd su cmttî e sull sullff cmtt cmttîî per eccellejzf, eccellejzf, dssmf _dgf, ludhd jel qufle fhmsc fhmscdjd djd le clfss clfssmm eheg ehegdjm. djm. Mj cfgpd lmjhumstmcd e hrfggftmcfle, per esegpmd, lf rustmcmtfs â cdj`fjjftf sejzf fppellm, gejtre l'urofjmtfs rfppresejtf l'm`efle espressmvd cum tej`djd tuttm m oudjm  pfrlfjtm lftmjd. Le `mi `miier ierejz ejzee sds sdstfj tfjzmf zmflm lm jel jell'd l'drh rhfjm fjmzzf zzfzmd zmdje je `el te terrm rrmtdr tdrmd md e jel jell'm l'mjcm jcm`ej `ejzf zf `el `elle le sdcmetî urofje cbe sm prd`ucdjd jell'etî tfr`d fjtmcf, imjmscdjd cdl rmilettersm su questd smstegf e cdl gettere mj `mscussmdje ml gd`elld f` uj tegpd cejtrflmstf e` elevftd `ellf urofjmtfs. Cfgomf fjcbe hrf`uflgejte, gf fllf imje mj gfjmerf `ecmsmvf, ml smstegf lmjhumstmcd tfr`d lftmjd. Fjcdrf mj etî mgpermfle essd fppfre cdstmtumtd `f uj cdgplessd `m vfrmetî rehmdjflm, frtmcdlfte mjterjfgejte e `miierejzmfte trf ldrd per fspettm `m prdjujcmf e  prdofomlgejte fjcbe perd ujd spettrd fjcdrf lmgmtftd `m scelte lessmcflm, le quflm perÿ rmcdjdscevfjd lf pre`dgmjfjzf fssdlutf `m ujf jdrgf cejtrfle cdmjcm`ejte cdj lf vfrmetî pftrmzmf `m _dgf, `miiusf e mjsehjftf jelle scudle cdge ml oudj usd lftmjd, lf cum pf`rdjfjzf erf essejzmfle cdge trfttd `mstmjtmvd `m clfsse e cdge strugejtd per  cdldrd cbe mjtej`evfjd ifr cfrrmerf prdprmd fttrfversd l”usd `ellf pfrdlf. Vuestf ujmtî jell te je tegp gpdd sm `m `msh shre rehf hf e pe per` r`ee ml if iftt ttdr dree ujm ujmim imcfj cfjte te ce cejt jtrf rfle le11 ml rm rmcd cdjds jdscmg cmgej ejtd td `ell'e `el l'esm smste stejzf jzf `el `elle le lmj lmjhue hue rdg rdgfjze fjze,, fll fll'mj 'mjmzm mzmdd `el RM sec secdld dld,, fvv fvvmej mejee ftt fttrfv rfvers ersdd l'fccettfzmdje `ell'esmstejzf `ellf rustmcmtfs lmjhumstmcf cdge refltî `fvverd `miierejte e `ellf qufle dccdrre tejere cdjtd, fprej`d cdsì lf strf`f flle prmge utmlmzzfzmdjm cdscmejtm e idrgflgejte cderejtm `em vdlhfrm jelld scrmttd. 3.0 Letterfturf

Lf vmttdrmf relmhmdsf `el crmstmfjesmg crmstmfjesmgdd â sehumtf `fl sud trmdjid letterfrmd; lf letterfturf â drgfm sdld crmstmfjf. Ml cbe cfjcellfzmdje uj hejere strettfgejte  prdifjd; lf pdesmf sftmrmcf d smhjmimcf erdtmcf. M lfhejerm elmgmjftm `mrmjfscerfjjd sdld cdj le letterfture verjfcdlfrm, `dpd l'fjjd Gmlle. Gf questd mgpdvermgejtd â cdgpejsftd `flld svmluppd `m judve idrge cbe fiidj`fjd le prdprme rf`mcm jel MMM e jel MY secdld, trf le quflm cdjdscdjd uj successd crescejte m rfccdjtm cbe jfrrfjd lf vmtf `m uj sfjtd. ^desme relmhmdse e vmte `em sfjtm mj versm, `estmjfte f` essere `eclfgfte e cfjtfte mj dccfsmdje `elle iestmvmtî e jem ludhbm `m pellehrmjfhhmd, e irfggejtm `m sergdjm,  prd`dttd `ell'fttmvmtî `m pre`mcfzmdje, sdjd m pmý fjtmcbm testm letterfrm rdgfjzm cdjservftm, espressmdje `m ujf trf`mzmdje lftmjf e` ecclesmfstmcf cbe sm espfj`e, mj etî  pdst-cfrdlmjhmf, superfj`d superfj`d lf ofrrmerf trf lftmjd e vdlhfrm. Le fh fhmd mdhr hrfi fime me cds cdstm tmtu tums mscd cdjd jd uj cf cfsd sd sp spec ecmf mflg lgejt ejtee mj mjte tere ress ssfj fjte te.. Vu Vues estd td he heje jere re letterfrmd tmpmcfgejte lftmjd-crmstmfjd, lehftd fl cultd `em sfjtm ldcflm e f prftmcbe `evd `e vdzm zmdj djfl flm, m, sm pr pres estf tfvf vf f` es esse sere re ut utmmlm lmzz zzft ftdd mj sm smtu tufz fzmd mdjm jm cd cdgu gujm jmcf cftm tmve ve cb cbee rmcbme`evfjd ujf pmejf e ifcmle cdgprejsmdje `f pfrte `em ie`elm `el testd imssftd e cdge cdjsfcrftd jellf trf`mzmdje rmtufle. Lf sceltf `m rmvdlhersm fm ie`elm secdj`d m

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`ett ttfg fgmm `e `ell se serg rgdd bu bug gml mlms ms,, ds dssm smff `e `ell lldd st stml mlee of ofss ssd, d, fv fvev evff hm hmîî pd pdrt rtft ftdd f` uj `e sdvv sd vver ertm tmge gejt jtdd sd sdst stfj fjzm zmfl flee `e `ell ll'f 'fss sset ettd td st stml mlms mstm tmcd cd-i -idr drgf gfle le `e `ell te test stdd le lett tter erfr frmd md.. Hrf`uflgejte sm fiifccmf e pdm sm hejerflmzzf uj ultermdre tergmje f `eimjmre ld stmle f`ft f` fttd td pe perr rm rmvd vdlh lher ersm sm fm ie ie`e `elm lm pd pdcd cd ms mstr trum umtm tm je jell ll”f ”ftt ttmv mvmt mtîî pf pfst stdr drfl flee cb cbee cd cdsì sì  prdidj`fgejte `miierejzmf ml Crmstmfjesmg Crmstmfjesmgdd `fllf relmhmdsmtî pfhfjf; sergd rustmcus. Puttd questd fvvmeje fll'mjterjd `m ujf refltî `m cdgujmcfzmdje lmjhumstmcf percepmtf fjcdrf jem secdlm YM e YMM cdge lftmjf; per qufjtd ld scfrtd trf lf lmjhuf scrmttf e lf  prftmcf drfle `dvesse essere drgfm sejsmomle, e idsse qumj`m lfrhfgejte superftf lf cdrrmspdj`ejzf trf hrfimf e prdjujcmf cbe erf stftf cfrfttermstmcf `el lftmjd clfssmcd, tuttfvmf l”mgpressmdje l”mgpressmdje â cbe hlm fscdltftdrm `m quest”epdcf idsserd cdgujque fjcdrf mj hrf`d `m cdgprej`ere uj testd cdgpdstd mj sergd rustmcus. Certd, perÿ, ml smstegf tfr`dtfr `d-lft lftmjd mjd fpp fppfre fre sdp sdprft rfttut tuttd td mj Hfl Hfllmf lmf mj rfp rfpm`f m`f `eh `ehrf` rf`fzm fzmdje dje f que quest' st'flt fltezz ezzff crdjdldhmcf; crdjdl dhmcf; mj eiiettm, eiiettm, per pmý `m uj fspettd quelld trf lf imje `el YM secdld e l'mjm l'mjmzmd zmd `ell'YMMM â `f mj`mvm`ufre cdge ml gdgejtd `ecmsmvd `m trfjsmzmdje trf m `ue smstegm lmjhumstmcm, quelld lftmjd fjtmcd e quellm jdj pmý lftmjm `elle lmjhue rdgfjze egerhejtm. e gerhejtm.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

lmjhue rdgfjze; rdgfjze; crdjdl crdjdldhmf, dhmf, mpdtesm mpdtesm e gd`ellm gd`ellm 0. Le lmjhue

Lf ifse `m crmsm e `m evdluzmdje versd m vdlhfrm cdmjcm`e cdj uj pfssfhhmd crmtmcd jellf stdrmf `ellf culturf lftmjf, f cdgmjcmfre `fll'mstruzmdje `m ofse, e `m eclmsse `m uj gd`elld culturfle cdstrumtd su cbmfre herfrcbme, `m mgpmfjtd cejtrflmstf e clfssmstf. Lf `mgejsmdje drfle â `ujque quellf essejzmfle; qufle pregessf `ellf idrgfzmdje `elle gdlteplmcm vfrmetî rdgfjze dccdrre pfrtmre `fllf lmjhuf cdrrejte jehlm strftm ge`m e suoflterjm `el gdj`d lftmjd. Vuellff lftm Vuell lftmjf, jf, cdge sm â pmý vdlte sdtt sdttdlmje dlmjeftd, ftd, `dvevf esser esseree ujf reflt refltîî jmejt jmejt'fi 'fiifttd ifttd stftmcf, gf `mversmimcftf e `mjfgmcf1 esmstevfjd `miierejzmfzmdjm jdj sdld `mfstrftmcbe, gf fjcbe `mftdpmcbe. Lf trfjsmzmdje `fl lftmjd fm vdlhfrm rdgfjzm sm puÿ rmtejere fccertftf jel gdgejtd mj cum uj gd`elld `m fjflmsm mj tergmjm `m `mversmimcfzmdje `mfstrftmcf e `mftdpmcf sm rmvelm fm jdstrm dccbm mjsuiimcmejte f` mllustrfre lf refltî `em iejdgejm, dssmf flldrqufj`d jdj rmscdjtrmfgd pmý ujf `mstmjzmdje `m lmvellm, oejsì `m smstegm, `f `escrmvere flldrf mj cbmfve `m `mhldssmf, stfjte lf pergfjejte cdjtmjumtî `el lftmjd jem rehmstrm pmý elevftm `ell”espressmdje, jdj sdld scrmttf. Ml pfssfhhmd puÿ essere scfj`mtd secdj`d tre tfppe successmve; lf prmgf cdjsmste jellf jfscmtf cessf `ellf `m judvf evejtd cbe smrdgfjzf1 vermimcf lf qufj`d lf âstrutturf  pfrlftf esseredrflmtî, lftmjf per lftmjf `mvejtfre secdj`f secdj`f cdstmtumtf`ellf `fllflmjhuf presf `m cdscmejzf `m questf getfgdridsm e `fllf cdesmstejzf `m ujf scrmtturf e `m uj”drflmtî cbe jdj cdmjcm`djd pmý1 lf terzf sdprfhhmujhe qufj`d lf judvf drflmtî â cdjsfcrftf `f ujf judvf idrgf `m scrmtturf, lf cum jfturf rmvelf cbe sm trfttf `m uj cfgomfgejtd rf`mcfle. Vuestm stf`m sdjd cdsì rmidrgulfomlm mj idrgf scbegftmcf; 6. ev evdl dluz uzmd mdje je `e `emm sm smst steg egmm lmj mjhu hums mstm tmcm cm;; ml lf lftm tmjd jd cl clfs fssm smcd cd vf vfle le cd cdg ge pu pujt jtdd `m rmiermgejtd m`efle, dccdrre prej`ere le gdsse `fl lftmjd pfrlftd tfr`d, uj `ftd hmî mjterjfgejte cdgplessd1 le judve lmjhue sm svmluppfjd mj `mverhejzf `f questd, cdj `miierejzmfzmdjm pmý d gejd fccejtufte, gf cdgujque fllf lujhf sejsmomlm, cmdâ fvvertmomlm `f pfrte `em pfrlfjtm1 ?. pres presff `m cdscmejzf cdscmejzf `ell'evdluzmd `ell'evdluzmdje je fvvejutf fvvejutf e `ellf `mversmtî `mversmtî `em smstegm, smstegm, mj `ue tegpm; mjjfjzmtuttd, certfgejte, percezmdje `ellf `mversmtî mj dhjm rehmdje trf lftmjd e pfrlftf vdlhfre, mj sehumtd, cdge secdj`d pfssfhhmd, sejsmomlmtî fllf recmprdcf `mstmjzmdje `em vdlhfrm1 lf cdscmejzf `ellf rdtturf `ell'ujmtî lftmjf sm hejerf jelle vfrme rehmdjm mj gdgejtm `mversm, f secdj`f `ellf rfpm`mtî e `ellf  prdidj`mtî `ell'mjjdvfzmdje lmjhumstmcf, dssmf f secdj`f `ell'mjtejsmtî `elld scfrtd lmjhumstmcd1 3. elf elfodr odrfzm fzmdje dje e utm utmlmz lmzzfzm zfzmdje dje `m uj sms smsteg tegff `m trf trfsi sierm ermgej gejtd td jel jelld ld scr scrmt mttd td `el `ellf lf judvf drflmtî rdgfjzf. Ml secdj`d e ml terzd gdgejtd sdjd cdlldcftm jel secdld MR, mj etî cfrdlmjhmf e pdstcfrdlmjhmf, flgejd per lf Hfllmf, `dve m prdcessm mjjdvftmvm segorfjd fver suomtd ujf fccelerfzmdje cdjsm`erevdle rmspettd`mfllf ^ejmsdlf moermcf e fll'Mtflmf.testm, L'fccdr`d sm idj`f sullf presejzf `m uj hruppd testmgdjmfjze e `m prmgmssmgm fm quflm  pdssmfgd fttrmoumre cddr`mjfte hedhrfimcbe e crdjdldhmcbe oej precmse e cbe scfj`mscdjd mj gfjmerf jettf flcujm `ehlm ultmgm pfssfhhm `ellf ifse `m trfjsmzmdje.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Ml prmgd gdgejtd, mjvece, quelld `ellf jfscmtf `ellf judvf drflmtî, â dhhettd `m `mscussmdje. Le mpdtesm mj certd gd`d pmý trf`mzmdjflm tej`djd f` fjtmcmpfre lf idrgfzmdje `elle pfrlfte jedlftmje, cdlldcfj`dlf mj epdcf tfr`d-fjtmcf, se jdj fjcdrf mgpermfle, m lftmjmstm, fl cdjtrfrmd, tej`djd f pdstmcmpfrlf, prdcrfstmjfj`d ml gdgejtd `ell”mjterruzmdje `m ujf cdjtmjumtî lftmjf e lf irftturf `ellf suf ujmtî. 0.6 Vufttrd gd`ellm mpdtetmcm

@el pfssfhhmd trf lftmjd e pfrlfte rdgfjze sm sdjd `fte mjterpretfzmdjm `mverhejtm, smf  per qufjtd rmhufr`f lf crdjdldhmf, smf fjcbe per fspettm sdstfjzmflm, specmflgejte rmspettd fl rfppdrtd cdj ml lftmjd, scrmttd e pfrlftd. ^er rfiimhurfre ml percdrsd cbe cdj`uce `f uj smstegf fjcdrf cbmfrfgejte lftmjd, fll'mjmzmd `ell'etî mgpermfle, flle smcure gfjmiestfzmdjm `elle lmjhue rdgfjze jem ldrd  pmý fjtmcbm testm, f pfrtmre `fll'YMMM secdld mj pdm, sm fjflmzzfjd qufttrd scbegm hrfimcm  prdpdstm `f fltrettfjtm stu`mdsm. Mj tuttm e qufttrd hlm scbegm, m prdcessm mj fttd sdjd rfiimhurftm hrfimcfgejte fttrfversd lmjee cdjtmjue, mj pfrtmcdlfre per cmÿ cbe rmhufr`f lf lmjhuf pfrlftf1 questf sceltf cdguje rmof`msce l'mgpdssmomlmtî `m stfomlmre uj pujtd `m cdjimje jettd fll'mjterjd `ell'evdluzmdje lmjhumstmcf trf ujf refltî fjcdrf lftmjf e ujf jedlftmjf e cdjiergf, mjvece, lf jecessmtî `m pdstulfre ujf ifse mjterge`mf, `m trfjsmzmdje. Ld scbegf `m Frrmhd Cfstellfjm (ph. 660) â l'ujmcd f cercfre `m `fre cdjtd `el `uplmce iejd ie jdge gejd jd `m `m `mii iier erej ejzm zmfz fzmd mdje je `f `fll lf lftm tmjd jd e `m `m `mii iier erej ejzm zmfz fzmd mdje je re recm cmpr prdc dcff cb cbee cfrfttermzzf le drmhmjm `elle lmjhue rdgfjze e sm frtmcdlf per questd su `ue tfvdle.  Jellf secdj`f â mllustrftd ml prdcessd `m `miierejzmfzm `miierejzmfzmdje dje terrmtdrmfle `el lftmjd mj epdc ep dcff mg mgpe perm rmfl flee e `m `m `mve verrhe hejz jzff tr trff le vf vfrm rmee pf pfrl rlft ftee rd rdgf gfjz jze, e, cb cbee fc fcqu qums mstf tfjd jd hrf`uflgejte recmprdcf mj`mpej`ejzf sullf ofse `elle `mversmtî fjtmcbe, mjtejsmimcfte e rmdrhfjmzzfte strutturflgejte ejtrd smstegm mjjdvftmvm. Cdge evejtm jdtevdlm sdjd mj`mcftm l'E`mttd `m Cfrfcfllf, cbe estese lf cmttf`mjfjzf rdgfjf f tuttm m su``mtm lmoerm `ell'm `el l'mgpe gperd, rd, lf rmd rmdrh rhfjm fjmzzf zzfzmd zmdje je `el `ell'm l'mgp gperd erd `f pfr pfrte te `m @md @mdcle clezmf zmfjd jd e mji mjimje mje le mjvfsmdjm hergfjmcbe. Jellf prmgf tfvdlf, mjvece, â scbegftmzzftf lf trfjsmzmdje trf ml lftmjd e dhjm lmjhuf d pfrlftf rdgfjzf. Ml lftmjd scrmttd â fssujtd cdge pujtd `m rmiermgejtd cdstfjte jellf prmgf lmjef mj fltd1 l”evdluzmdje â mj`mvm`uftf jel sdld fgomtd fgo mtd `el pfr pfrlft lftd, d, cbe pre preve` ve`ee ujf `mi `miier ierejz ejzmfz mfzmdj mdjee mjt mjterj erjff `m tmp tmpdd `mf `mfst stftm ftmcd, cd, rfiimhurftf fttrfversd lf `mstfjzf trf le `ue lmjee cbe `elmgmtfjd m lmvellm estregm fltd e  ofssd `elle pdssmomlm reflmzzfzmdjm fll”mjterjd `ellf lmjhuf lftmjf; lf `mvfrmcfzmdje `î l”m`ef `ellf ilessmomlmtî e frtmcdlfzmdje `el smstegf. Ml sejsd cdgplessmvd `m questf evdluzmdje vf jellf `mrezmdje `m uj lmvellfgejtd hejerflmzzftd versd ml ofssd e` â esfttfgejte jel lmvelld, fjcbe hrfimcd, mjiermdre cbe â mj`mvm`uftf lf cdjtmjumtî cbe  pdrtf flle lmjhue rdgfjze. Lf crdjdldhmf fssdlutf prdpdstf `f Cfstellfjm suhhermsce cbe lf `eimjmzmdje `m pfrlfte drgfm rdgfjze `eoof essere cdlldcftf fll'mjcmrcf jel Y secdld sec dld,, fll fllff imj imjee `el `ell'm l'mgp gperd erd,, mj st stret rettf tf cdjs cdjsequ equejz ejzmfl mflmtî mtî rms rmspet pettd td fll fllee mjv mjvfsm fsmdjm djm hergfjmcbe. Hlm fltrm tre scbegm fjflmzzfjd, mjvece, ml sdld fspettd `m `mstmjzmdje `fl lftmjd fll'mjterjd `m ujf sdlf rehmdje mpdtetmcf, fvej`d cdge pujtd `m rmiermgejtd sdprfttuttd l'fref hflld rdgfjzf.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Ml secdj`d scbegf, `el lmjhumstf fgermcfjd _doert ^ulhrfg (ph. 665), â foofstfjzf smgmle fllf prmgf tfvdlf prdpdstf `f Cfstellfjm, fjcbe se ^ulhrfg jdj mllustrf l'l'fr frtm tmcd cdlf lfzm zmdj djee mj mjtter erjf jf fl lf lfttmj mjdd pf pfrl rlft ftdd e je seg egpl plmi mimmcf `rf rfsstmc mcfg fgej ejte te lf vmsufl vms uflmzz mzzfzm fzmdje dje,, sup suppdj pdjej` ej`dd mg mgplm plmcmt cmtfgej fgejte te l'e l'esm smst stejzf ejzf `m ujf jdr jdrgf gf drf drfle le flt fltff  prdssmgf flld scrmttd e f` essf rm`ucmomle1 ehlm, mjdltre, cercf `m `fre cdjtd `m ujf evdluzmdje fjcbe `ellf jdrgf scrmttf fttrfversd l'f`dzmdje `m ujf lmjef spezzftf mjclmjftf cdj `ue pujtm crmtmcm, l'ujd fll'mjmzmd `el MMM secdld, e ujd mj etî cfrdlmjhmf, mjtdrjd fll'fjjd 2>>, mj cdrrmspdj`ejzf `ellf _midrgf cfrdlmjhmf, cbe prdgudve ujf rmpresf `el lmvelld stmlmstmcd `el lftmjd scrmttd e l”mjmzmd `m ujf ifse mj`mcftf cdge ge`mdftmjf1 ^ulhrfg, mjimje, sehjflf l'mjmzmd `m ujf trf`mzmdje scrmttf `elle lmjhue rdgfjze mj cdmjcm`ejzf cdj lf _midrgf cfrdlmjhmf e cdl cfgomd `m drmejtfgejtd `ellf lmjef mj`mcfjte ml lmvelld `elld scrmttd.  Jelld scbegf `m ^ulhrfg l'fppfrmzmdje `m smstegm lmjhumstmcm cbmfrfgejte rdgfjzm â cdlldcftf mj ifse fltd-ge`mevfle, trf lf imje `el YMM e l'mjmzmd `ell'YMMM secdld, `dpd ujf ifse clfssmimcftf cdge prdtdrdgfjzf. Fjcb Fj cbee ml ter erzd zd scb cbeg egf, f, qu quel elld ld `m _dh dher er Xrm rmhb hbtt (ph ph.. 669 69)), jd jdjj mj mj`m `mvm vm`u `uff l'frtmcdlfzmdje mjterjf fl smstegf lftmjd. Lf segplmimcfzmdje serve mj questd cfsd f evm`ejzmfre l'fspettd sflmejte `m questf mjterpretfzmdje, `mstmjtmvf rmspettd flle mpdtesm `m mgpm mg pmfj fjtd td pm pmý ý trf rf`m `mzm zmdj djfl fle, e, smstegf dssm ds smff lfdrfle pres pr esej `m uj ujd d sv svml mlup uppd pd pf pfrf rfll llel eldd mle relftmvfgejte mj`mpej`ejte `el eejzf `mzfquelld scrmttd; secdj`d Xrmhbt lftmjd scrmttd tfr`d-fjtmcd e `ell'epdcf rdgfjd-ofrofrmcf rmilette sdld pfrzmflgejte uj”drflmtî fjcdrf lftmjf mj evdluzmdje. Ml prdcessd `m hrf`ufle evdluzmdje â mjterrdttd `fllf refzmdje cfrdlmjhmf cbe cfusf uj `uplmce cdjtegpdrfjed svmluppd frtmimcmfle; uj”d uj ”drf rflm lmtî tî lf lftm tmjf jf re rest stfu furf rftf tf f pf pfrt rtmr mree `f uj ujff jd jdrg rgff sc scrm rmtt ttff e uj ujff pr prft ftmc mcff sc scrm rmtt ttff rdgfjzf. Mj sdstfjzf, uj smstegf mjtesd cdge ujmtfrmd smjd fll”etî cfrdlmjhmf sm s`dppmf f pfrtmre `f questd gdgejtd, prd`ucej`d `ue smstegm idrjmtm ejtrfgom `m uj versfjte drfle e scrmttd. L”mpdtesm L”mpdtesm `m Xrmhbt â mjteressfjte, gf trdppd `mpej`ejte `fllf sdlf refltî idjmcf e idjdldhmcf; sm `eve, perÿ, `fre fttd flld stu`mdsd mjhlese `m fvere fttmrftd fttmr ftd l”fttejzmdje l”fttejzmdje su ujf `mgej `mgejsmdje smdje smjd f quel gdgejtd trfscurftf, trfscurftf, dssmf quell quellff `el lftmjd pfrlftd cdltd `fll”Etî tfr`d-fjtmcf mj pdm. L”ultmgd scbegf (ph. 668), `elmjeftd `f Xflter Oerscbmj, â ml pmý cdgplessd mj qufjtd mjtrd`uce ujf serme `m ultermdrm elegejtm `m cdjirdjtd sul versfjte lftmjd; l'fltezzf stmlmstmcf `el lftmjd letterfrmd, hlm spettrm `m vfrmfzmdje `mfstrftmcf, lf qufjtmtî `ellf  prd`uzmdje letterfrmf cdjservftf. L'evdluzmdje `el lftmjd vdlhfre tmeje cdjtd `m ujf serme `m `mversmtî mjterje, dssmf `m vfrmfzmdjm, e` â cfrfttermzzftf `fll'mjsermgejtd `m uj ultermdre elegejtd hrfimcd lmjefre cdjcerjejte l'evdluzmdje `el lftmjd vdlhfre scrmttd, cdl qufle sm mjtej`e mj`mcfre l'mjsmege `ellf `dcugejtfzmdje rmgfstfcm cbe cm pergette `m cdjdscere m lmvellm gejd idrgflmzzftm `m lmjhuf. Lf smtufzmdje, dvvmfgejte, â gdltd cdgplessf e` â mgpdssmomle `fre ujf rmspdstf  precmsf e fssdlutf fl quesmtd cmrcf m tegpm e m gd`m `ell”esfurmgejtd `el lftmjd cdge lmjhuf cdrrejte1 lf cdjsm`erfzmdje `m questm ultmgm fspettm mj`uce f scfrtfre cdge pdcd verdsmgmle l”mj`mvm`ufzmdje `m ujf idrgfzmdje fjtmcf `elle lmjhue rdgfjze trf ldrd `miierejzmfte. Sm puÿ idrse prdce`ere per fpprdssmgfzmdjm successmve, cercfj`d `m restrmjhere prdhressmvfgejte lf idcfle e `m precmsfre ml `ftd fcqumsmomle; jdj â `ettd cbe vm smf ujf ge`esmgf crdjdldhmf fssdlutf per tuttm m terrmtdrm 

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

rdgfjzm, fjzm â verdsmgmle ml cdjtrfrmd, dssmf cbe tegpm e veldcmtî smfjd stfte `mstmjte, fjcbe mj gfjmerf fccejtuftf1 jdj â `ettd cbe jel ge`esmgd terrmtdrmd ml prdcessd evdlutmvd sm smf svmluppftd segpre mj idrgf lmjefre e rehdlfre, fjzm â verdsmgmle cbe sm smfjd flterjfte ifsm `m fccelerfzmdje e ifsm `m stfsm, `m cdjsdlm`fgejtd `em smstegm1 â ve verd rdsm smg gml mlee cb cbee mj zd zdje je ms msdl dlft fte, e, cd cdg ge lf Sf Sfr` r`eh ehjf jf,, m sm smst steg egmm sm sm smfj fjdd rmdrh rmd rhfjm fjmzzf zzftm tm foo foofst fstfjzf fjzf pre precdc cdcege egejte jte,, su ofs ofsmm cdg cdgujq ujque ue frc frcfmc fmcbe, be, qum qumj`m j`m rmccbe `m trfttm cdjservftmvm1 se sm fcc fccdr` dr`ff mg mgpdr pdrtfj tfjzf zf fll fll'fs 'fspet pettd td `m rec recmpr mprdcf dcf `ms `mstmj tmjzmd zmdje je `el `elle le lmj lmjhue hue rdgfjze, jdj â pdssmomle cdlldcfre lf ldrd drmhmje jeppure jellf prmgf ifse successmvf fllf `mshrehfzmdje `ell'mgperd. Puttd cmÿ cdjsm`erftd, e lmgmtfj`d per drf le cdjsm`erfzmdjm fllf Hfllmf, â pmuttdstd ml  permd`d cbe vf `fllf getî `el YMM secdld fllf getî `ell'YMMM cbe `eve essere rmcdjdscmu rmcdj dscmutd td cdge quell quelldd mj cum sm smtuf lf ifse `m gfhhm gfhhmdre dre e `ecms `ecmsmvf mvf fccelerfzmdje fccelerfzmdje jellf `eimjmzmdje `m judvm smstegm, f sehumtd `ellf pmý prdidj`f crmsm `el smstegf lftmjd cbe â fttestftf `fllf `dcugejtfzmdje `el secdld YMM. Lf cdgujmcfzmdje mj lftmjd ejtrd uj smstegf fvvertmtd cdge ujmtfrmd, erf fjcdrf  pdssmomle fll'mjmzmd `el YMM YMM secdld, gejtre cbmfrm sehjm `m rdtturf hmujhdjd, segpre per  





lf Hfllmf, `fllf secdj`f `ell'YMMM secdld. Cmÿ smhjmimcf cbe ejtrd questd tergmje  ofssd (89>-88>) `evdjdgetî essersm prd`dttm tflm iejdgejm `f rej`ere drgfm mgpdssmomle  per hlm fomtfjtm rdgfjmzzftm `el ^fese, mlletterftm d gmjmgfgejte mstrumtm, lf cdgprejsmdje, sejzf uj'dppdrtujf esplmcfzmdje `m sdstehjd, `ellf recmtfzmdje drfle `m testm scrmttm, dssmf `m testm lftmjm. Â verdsmgmle, sullf ofse `ellf `dcugejtfzmdje `mspdjmomle, cbe m prdcessm per l”Mtflmf e  per lf ^ejmsdlf Moermcf smfjd stftm stftm pmý lejtm e lf crdjdldhmf cdgplessmvf rmsultm rmsultm rmtfr`ftf `m uj secdld d pmý. 0.? Lf rmjfscmtf cfrdlmjhmf e l”fppfrmzmdje `elle lmjhue rdgfjze

^fre cbe ml gdg ^fre gdgejt ejtdd crm crmtmc tmcdd `el `ell'e l'evdl vdluzm uzmdje dje trf sms smsteg tegmm lmj lmjhum humst stmcm mcm `mv `mvers ersm, m, e `m  pfssfhhmd `fl lftmjd fl vdlhfre rdgfjzd, `eoof essere smtuftd flgejd per lf Hfllmf trf ml YMM e l'YMMM secdld, cmdâ trf ml 95> e` ml 85>. Lf rmdrhfjmzzfzmdje `ellf Cbmesf irfjcf mj Hfllmf e `ellf cfjcellermf rehmf f pfrtmre prdprmd `fllf getî `el secdld YMMM, tmgm`d mjmzmd `m quellf cbe sfrî pdm lf verf e prdprmf _mjfscmtf Cfrdlmjhmf, mjjescf uj  prdcessd `m refzmdje segpre pmý idrte fl prdhressmvd f`fttfgejtd fllf lmjhuf pfrlftf cbe sm erf fiiergftd jem secdlm prece`ejtm. Lf _m _mjf jfsc scmt mtff cf cfrd rdlm lmjhm jhmff â uj ujdd `e `emm gd gdge gejt jtmm `e `ecm cmsm smvm vm `el `ellf lf st stdr drmf mf `e `ell llff cu cult ltur urff dccm`ejtfle, epdcf `m rmscdpertf `em clfssmcm, cdpmftm e cdjservftm mj hrfj`m omolmdtecbe `m idj`fzmdjm gdjfstmcbe, e `m rmjjdvftd mgpulsd creftmvd tfjtd mj letterfturf cdge jelle frtm imhurftmve. @ellf _mjfscmtf cfrdlmjhmf sdjd mgpdrtfjtm sdprfttuttd le scelte sul versfjte lmjhumstmcd e letterfrmd. Lf _midrgf cfrdlmjhmf `el lftmjd, e cdj essf lf rmidj`fzmdje clfssmcmstf `ellf culturf pdlmtmcd letterfrmfee gmrf `elle fll'e`mimcfzmdje sue espressmdjm, `m pfrtecmpf `m uj hrfj`e prdhettd cbe â mjjfjzmtuttd ujf Eurdpf crms cr mstm tmfj fjff dc dccm cm`e `ejt jtfl fle, e, rd rdg gfj fjdd-he herg rgfj fjmc mcff e `f `fll of ofrm rmce cejt jtrd rd te tej` j`ej ejzm zmfl flge gejt jtee settejtrmdjfle e jdj pmý ge`mterrfjed, cbe sm idj`m su ujf serme `m ifttdrm ujmtfrm, smf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

jem vfldrm m`eflm smf fjcbe mj strugejtm prftmcm e dperftmvm, f pfrtmre smj `fllf strutturf `ell'fggmjmstrfzmdje; l'ujmidrgmtî `el lftmjd e l'ujmidrgmtî `ellf scrmtturf, quellf cbe cbmfgmfgd fppujtd “gmjuscdlf cfrdlmjf‗ e cbe â lf ofse `ell”usd gd`erjd stfgpftd, cdjtrmoumscdjd f hfrfjtmre lf relftmvf cdesmdje `ell'mjsmege. Sm svmluppÿ ujf judvf fttmvmtî letterfrmf fltf, mj versm e mj prdsf; vfrme idrge `m pdesmf sfcrf, specme `m frhdgejtd omolmcd, e `”dccfsmdje, trfttftmstmcf relmhmdsf e stdrmdhrfimf. Sud fgomtd `m `miiusmdje iu mj prmgd ludhd lf rete `m gdjfsterm `em terrmtdrm cejtrflm `ell `e ll”M ”Mgp gper erd, d, lu ludh dhbm bm dv dvee ve vejj jjer erdd id idj` j`ft ftee sc scud udle le mg mgpd pdrt rtfj fjtm tm,, ce cejt jtrm rm vm vmtf tflm lm `m cdjservfzmdje e `m trfsgmssmdje `m uj cfjdje drgfm rm`dttd `m clfssmcm. Hlm eiiettm `ellf _mjfscmtf sdjd sdstfjzmflm e `urevdlm; gejtre imjd fll'YMMM secdld le dpere dpe re pmý smh smhjmi jmimcf mcftmv tmvee `el `ellf lf let letter terftu fturf rf lft lftmjd mjd-cr -crms mstmf tmfjf jf cdj cdjser servft vftff prd prdvej vejhdj hdjdd `fll `f ll'M'Mtf tflm lmf, f, `f `fll llff Sp Spfh fhjf jf,, `f `fll llff Hr Hrfj fj Or Oret etfh fhjf jf,, f pf pfrt rtmr mree `f qu ques estd td gd gdge gejt jtdd sm cdjsdl cdj sdlm`f m`f lf pre pregm gmjej jejzf zf `m ujf zdj zdjff cdr cdrrms rmspdj pdj`ej `ejte te fl cud cudre re irf irfjcd jcd-he -hergf rgfjmc jmcdd `ell'Mgperd. Vuestf judvf prd`uzmdje letterfrmf, jutrmtf fjcbe `m ujf rmcdstrumtf e rmjjdvftf sejsmomlmtî lmjhumstmcf, e questd smstegf `m idj`fzmdjm gdjfstmcbe sdjd flle spflle `elle Drmhmjm letterfrme rdgfjze e mj pfrtmcdlfre `em testm `ell'fref hflldrdgfjzf1 ml pmý fjtmcd testd rdgfjzd cdjservftd, m Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd (20?), cdgpfre mj uj'dperf crdjmstmcf cbe â per tuttm m sudm cfrftterm `f mjterpretfre cdge uj tmpmcd prd`dttd mj hejerfle, smhjmimcftmvm testm rmccbm letterfrm rdgfjzm `el R e`ell'etî `ell'RM cfrdlmjhmf1 secdld gdstrfjd `m esseretuttm stftmm pmý elfodrftm mj fgomejtm `m letterfturf lftmjf e qumj`m fjcbe `m tecjmcf cdgpdsmtmvf cd gpdsmtmvf elfodrftf su gd`ellm lftmjm. Sul pmfjd lmjhumstmcd lf _midrgf cfrdlmjhmf sm fttuf fttrfversd ujf estesf e` ejerhmcf restfurfzmdje `ellf jdrgf lmjhumstmcf fjtmcf1 lf _midrgf rmimutf hlm mgofrofrmgejtm `el  prmgd Ge`mdevd jellf lmjhuf scrmttf, specme quellm `m prdvejmejzf gerdvmjhmcf, e `m cdjsehuejzf fjcbe quflsmfsm cdgprdgessd cdj l'drflmtî `elle terre rdgfjze. Â f pfrtmre `f questd gdgejtd cbe `dvette cdgmjcmfre f` fppfrmre evm`ejte lf `mstmjzmdje trf ml lftmjd rmidrgftd, scrmttd gf fjcbe pfrlftd jem hruppm mjtellettuflm, e hlm strugejtm lmjhumstmcm `ellf cdgujmcfzmdje qudtm`mfjf jell”Eurdpf dccm`ejtfle. Â fjcbe prdofomle cbe f questf svdltf foomf cdjtrmoumtd lf stessf cdgpdsmzmdje `ellf cdrte cfrdlmjhmf e `ell”fgomejte mjtellettufle cdstmtumtdsm mjtdrjd f` essf, jel qufle fvevfjd pfrte mgpdrtfjte m persdjfhhm prdvejmejtm `fll”Mjhbmlterrf, `fllf Hergfjmf, fjcbe `fllf cdjservftrmce Mtflmf. Cdj lf rmidrgf cfrdlmjhmf, qumj`m, sm frrestf uj'evdluzmdje mjjdvftmvf, ml lftmjd pfrlftd vmeje fjcdrftd flld scrmttd, e `m quest'ultmgd sm `î uj'mjterpretfzmdje cbe tej`e f` essere idjetmcf. @fl pujtd `m vmstf `el vdlhd, dssmf `ehlm fscdltftdrm `m quelle fhmdhrfime e `m quem sergdjm, `mvejutm qufsm `m cdlpd jdj pmý cdgprejsmomlm, sm fllejtf ml rfppdrtd psmcdldhmcd cdj ml lftmjd, vmeje gejd lf cdscmejzf `m ujf cdjtmjumtî, sm fiiergf quellf `ellf `mscdjtmjumtî, qumj`m `ellf `mversmtî trf m smstegm lmjhumstmcm. 0.3 Ml Cdjcmlmd `m Pdurs

Ml rmcdjdscmgejtd `m questf `mversmtî trf ml lftmjd e lf lmjhuf cdrrejte `m ifttd jdj puÿ cbe hmujhere `f ujf testmgdjmfjzf `m culturf fltf, mjterjf fllf trf`mzmdje lftmjf e fjzm `fl cejtrd stessd `el judvd gdj`d culturfle cfrdlmjhmd. Ml prmgd `em `dcugejtm cbe scfj`mscdjd mj quflcbe gd`d cdj smcurezzf le tfppe

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`ell'evdluzmdje, idrjej`d `em rmiermgejtm crdjdldhmcm precmsm, â ujf `elmoerfzmdje `el Cdjcmlmd `m Pdurs `ell'fjjd 263, jellf qufle sm scdrhe lf prmgf gfjmiestfzmdje espl es plmmcm cmttf, `f pf pfrt rtee `e `elllf he herrfr frcb cbmmf ec eccl cles esmf mfsstm tmcf cf,, `e `elllf pr pres esff `m cd cdsscm cmej ejzf zf `ell'mrrm`ucmomlmtî `em smstegm lmjhumstmcm cdrrejtm e qumj`m `ell'esmstejzf fccfjtd fl lftmjd `m ujf verf e prdprmf lmjhuf pfrlftf `fl vdlhd, cbe pdssmfgd `eimjmre cdge lmjhuf rdgfjzf; lmjhuf `el vdlhd e qumj`m vdlhfre, cdge cdjstftfzmdje sdcmfle cbe jdj mgplmcf pmý, flgejd mj quel cdjtestd, ujf cdjjdtfzmdje fpertfgejte jehftmvf, se jdj jem tergmjm `ellf hejermcf suodr`mjfzmdje fl lftmjd, `estmjftf f prdtrfrsm fjcdrf  per gdltm secdlm.  Jel Cdjcmlmd `m Pdurs sm rmujmrdjd vescdvm prdvejmejtm `f vfrme rehmdjm `ell'Mgperd cfrdlmjhmd, smf `f quelle dccm`ejtflm, lmjhumstmcfgejte lftmje e drgfm rdgfjze, smf `f quelle drmejtflm, hergfjmcbe. Le `elmoerfzmdjm `el Cdjsmhlmd foorfccmfjd uj frcd fgpmd `m questmdjm rmspdj`ej`d f predccupfzmdjm `m dr`mje prftmcd, drhfjmzzftmvd,  pfstdrfle e `dttrmjfle. `dttrmjfle. Le prescrmzmdjm `el Cdjcmlmd sdjd `ettfte pejsfj`d smf fllf gfssf `em ie`elm smf fjcbe fl of ofss ssdd cl cler erd, d, cb cbee `d `doo oomf mfgd gd pe pejs jsfr free jd jdjj id idss ssee fj fjcd cdrf rf rf rfhh hhmu mujt jtdd `f `fll ll'f 'fzm zmdje dje rmidrg rmi drgftr ftrmce mce `el `ell'm l'mst struz ruzmdj mdje1 e1 mj dhj dhjmm cfs cfsd, d, pejs pejsfj` fj`dd f tut tuttm tm cdl cdldrd drd cbe ejt ejtrd rd ujf herf he rfrc rcbm bmff cu cult ltur urfl flee cf cfrd rdlm lmjh jhmf mf pd pdte tevf vfjd jd es esse sere re hl hldo dofl flge gejt jtee cd cdjs jsm` m`er erft ftmm cdg cdgee mllmtterftm, jdj mstrumtm lftmjd. L'fccdhlmgejtd trf lejelprescrmzmdjm ecclesmfstmcbe `m quelle `'dr`mje lmjhumstmcd `el Cdjcmlmd `m Pdurs, sehjfrdjd eiiettmvfgejte ujf svdltf jellf prftmcf pfstdrfle `ellf Cbmesf dccm`ejtfle e l'mjmzmd `m ujf tej`ejzf mjjdvftrmce m cum ultmgm svmluppm ejtrd lf Cbmesf cfttdlmcf sm sdjd fvutm pdcd pmý `m qufrfjt'fjjm if cdl Cdjcmlmd Yftmcfjd MM (6=9?(6= 9?-6=9 6=95), 5), cbe pre prescr scrmss mssee l'es l'estej tejsmd smdje je `em vdl vdlhfr hfrmm fll fllff lmt lmtur urhmf hmf e fll fllee let lettur ture. e. L'mj`mcfzmdje crdjdldhmcf cbe estrfmfgd `flle `elmoerfzmdjm `el Cdjcmlmd `m Pdurs â vflm`f per lf Hfllmf, sdprfttuttd per quellf settejtrmdjfle. ^er l'Mtflmf, mjvece, dccdrre scej`ere `m cmrcf uj secdld, smjd fl ^fjehmrmcd `ell'mgperftdre Oerejhfrmd M, cdgpdstd mj esfgetrm lftmjm trf ml =69 e ml =??; mj questd pfjehmrmcd, `escrmvej`d lf cermgdjmf `m mjcdrdjfzmdje, fvvejutf f _dgf jel =65, ml pfjehmrmstf cdjtrfppdje smhjmimcftmvfgejte fhlm mjjm cbe ml Sejftd elevf mj lftmjd e fll'eldhmd cbe uj drftdre uiimcmfle recmtf mj hrecd, le fcclfgfzmdjm cbe ml pdpdld mjjflzf mj mtflmfjd. Seooeje mj queste testmgdjmfjze imhurm segpre cdge elegejtd `ecmsmvd uj fspettd `m cdgpfrfzmdje trf pmý `m `ue refltî lmjhumstmcbe, quellm imj qum presejtftm sdjd tuttm shufr`m cbe pdssmfgd cdjsm`erfre cdge mjterjm fl gdj`d rdgfjzd. Gf foomfgd flgejd ujf testmgdjmfjzf esterjf cbe cm mllustrf qufle pdtesse essere lf percezmdje `elle refltî lmjhumstmcbe `ell'Eurdpf cfrdlmjhmf. Ml pdlmhrfid frfod Moj Bur`f`omb mjsermsce hmî jellf prmgf re`fzmdje `el sud “Lmord `elle strf`e e `em rehjm‗, ultmgftd jell'209, lf gejzmdje `em vmfhhm `ehlm eorem rf`fjmtm, gercfjtm pdlmhldttm mj hrf`d `m  pfrlfre ujf gdlteplmcmtî `m lmjhue1 `m queste idrjmsce uj elejcd `ettfhlmftd, ejtrd ml qufle rmcdjdscmfgd l'frfod, ml persmfjd, ml hrecd, ml irfjcd, l'fj`flusd e ld slfvd. Cdgomjfj`d le `ue serme `m mjidrgfzmdjm, quelle lmjhumstmcbe e quelle hedhrfimcbdcdggercmflm, cdjclu`ere cbe lf gejzmdje e `el irfjcd cdge lmjhue cdrrejtmsmsmpuÿ rmiermscfjd f lmjhue pfrlfte, dssmf `ell'fj`flusd vdlhfrm rdgfjzm, rmspettmvfgejte  prdprme `em terrmtdrm moermcm `dgmjftm `fhlm frfom e `ell'fref `ellf Irfjcmf fttufle; `ujque cmÿ cbe sm mj`mcf cdrrejtegejte cdj gdzfrfod e ujf vfrmetî hflld-rdgfjzf,

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

jdj gehlmd precmsftf e prdofomlgejte jdj `mstmjtf, jellf cdscmejzf `el testmgdje esterjd, mj frtmcdlfzmdjm `mflettflm fpprezzfomlm1 `ue gd`flmtî, l”fj`flusd e ml irfjcd, cbe `dvevfjd f quell”epdcf essere tfjtd `miierejzmfte trf ldrd `f essere percepmte fjcb fj cbee cd cdge ge sm smgo godl dlmc mcbe be `m gf gfcr crdd-fr free ee `e `ell gd gdj` j`dd cd cdjds jdscm cmut utdd e ir ireq eque uejt jtft ftdd `f `fmm rf`fjmtm.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

5. Pmpdldhmf `em prmgm `dcugejtm `elle lmjhue rdgfjze

M iejdgejm mjjdvftmvm trf smstegf lmjhumstmcd lftmjd e smstegm vdlhfrm sm cdlldcfjd jellf `mgejsmdje `el pfrlftd1 ld scrmttd, tej`ejzmflgejte cdjservftmvd, je puÿ rmilettere flcujm fspettm, cdsf cbe eiiettmvfgejte fvvmeje sdprfttuttd per flcuje tmpdldhme `m testm e mj flcuje rehmdjm pmý cbe fltrdve. Â hrfzme f queste `dcugejtfzmdjm cbe sm puÿ cdg cdgpre prej`e j`ere re lftrfifse ifsdrflmtî e `m trfjsm trf zmdje je mjtervmeje e cercfr cercfree rmscd rm scdjtr jtrdpmý d fll flle e mpdtes mpdtesm m idr idrgul gulfom fomlm. lm. L”dppdsmzmdje e jsmzmd scrmtturf qum su irdjtm; mjjfjzmtuttd vf rmcdjdscmutd cbe jdj tuttf lf `mgejsmdje drfle â rmpdrtfomle f` uj lmvelld ofssd, gejtre f suf vdltf ml lmvelld idrgfle `ehlm scrmttm puÿ presejtfre `miierejzmfzmdjm fjcbe jdtevdlm. @fte queste pregesse, â mjtumomle cbe cm sm trdverî spessd mj cdj`mzmdjm `m equmlmormd  precfrmd trf pmý ifttdrm cbe cdj`mzmdjfjd rmcdstruzmdje e` mjterpretfzmdje. Â dppdrt dpp drtujd ujd mjjfjz mjjfjzmtu mtuttd ttd sfhhmf sfhhmfre re lf pdssm pdssmoml omlmtî mtî `m clf clfssm ssmimc imcfre fre quflmt quflmtftm ftmvfg vfgejt ejtee l”mjsmege `m idjtm, tmpmcfgejte testm, `elle pmý svfrmfte estejsmdjm, utmlmzzfomlm jellf rmcdstruzmdje `em prdcessm lmjhumstmcm e lmjhumstmcd-culturflm. Sm trfttf `m gftermflm sdstfjzmflgejte smgmlm, jel vejtfhlmd tmpdldhmcd, f quellm `mspdjmomlm per le epdcbe  prece`ejtm, dssmf le idjtm per lf cdjdscejzf `el lftmjd vdlhfre, per esegpmd `m etî mgpermfle. Prdvmfgd Prdvmfgd `mifttm mj questf ifse fvfjzftf; testm lftmjm e cdjtestm lftmjm cbe presejtfjd smjhdle ujmtî mjjdvftmve1 testm cbe `dcugejtfjd ml lejtd pfssfhhmd versd futdjdge gfjmiestfzmdjm scrmtte `m uj”espressmdje drfle drgfm prdssmgf fl pdtersm `mre rdgfjzf1 testm drgfm cbmfrfgejte rdgfjzm. Dvvmfgejte â `miimcmle, jellf ifse `m trfjsmzmdje, `mscej`ere cmÿ cbe â lftmjd `f cmÿ cbe jdj ld â `el tuttd e, sdprfttuttd, `f cmÿ cbe jdj ld â pmý1 `m ifttd, â mgpdssmomle dperfre ujf cesurf jettf jellf `dcugejtfzmdje trf idjtm per lf cdjdscejzf `el lftmjd vdlhfre e fttestfzmdjm clfssmimcfomlm, f pdstermdrm, cdge rdgfjze. 

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5.6. @dcugejtm lftmjm “ofssm‗

Foomfgd hmî `ettd cbe le tej`ejze mjjdvftmve sm cdlldcfjd ejtrd lf `mgejsmdje drfle, gejtre `m cdjtrd ld scrmttd â per prdprmf jfturf cdjservftmvd. Puttfvmf cdj ujf certf irequejzf smjhdlm elegejtm rdgfjzm sm mjsmjufjd mj testm lftmjm e, mj hejerfle, jel smstegf lmjhumstmcd lftmjd-ge`mevfle. Prdvmfgdd mj prmgd ludhd testm, jdj jecessfrmfgejte `m lmvelld ofssd, cbe sdjd vmcmjm f Prdvmfg refltî `el tegpd1 mj prmgd ludhd lehhm e `dcugejtm, cbe spessd f`dttfjd tergmjm cdrrejtm, fjcbe per essere pmý cdgprejsmomlm fl puoolmcd. Le mjjdvfzmdjm cm fppfmdjd mj questm cfsm per ld pmý sdttd idrgf `m smjhdlm elegejtm lessmcflm, m quflm `dcugejtfjd ujf refltî lmjhumstmcf e stdrmcf cbe stf cfgomfj`d e cbe s”mjtrd`uce f idrzf fjcbe `ejtrd testm jel cdgplessd cdrrettm; sm trfttf mj sdstfjzf `m uj iejdgejd `m fcqumsmzmdjm `m jedldhmsgm. @f questd pujtd `m vmstf ml smstegf lftmjd jdj fppfre, jelld scrmttd, mj crmsm smhjmimcftmvf. Smgmle fl prece`ejte â ml cfsd `elle hldsse e `em hldssfrm, esplmcfzmdjm gfrhmjflm d mjte mjterl rlmj mjef efrm rm relf relftm tmve ve f te terg rgmj mjmm d es espr pres essm smdjm djm cdgp cdgple less ssee d jdj jdj mgge mgge`m `mft ftfg fgej ejte te

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

cdgprejsmomlm. Hldsse e hldssfrm mgplmcfjd ujf sejsmomlmtî e fttejzmdje lmjhumstmcf specmimcf; ml pmý `elle vdlte, mjifttm, cm trdvmfgd fll”mjterjd `el sdld smstegf lftmjd, ejtrd ml qufle sm cdjirdjtfjd uj rehmstrd mj hejere pmý fltd d segplmcegejte pmý fjtm fj tmcd cd,, quel quelld ld cum cum fppf fppfrt rtme meje je ml te terg rgmj mjee hlds hldssf sftd td,, e uj re rehm hmst strd rd,, qu quel elld ld cum cum fppfrtejhdjd le hldsse, pmý vmcmjd fl hldssftdre d f cdldrd per m quflm ehlm stf fllestej`d le esplmcfzmdjm. @m cdjsehuejzf, le tmpdldhme pdssdjd essere vfrme, f secdj`f `elle imjflmtî e `el lmvelld `m mstruzmdje `el hldssftdre, jdjcbí `ellf rehmdje `m  prdvejmejzf e `ell”epdcf; le hldsse esplmcftmve pdssdjd fvvmcmjfrsm mj gfjmerf smhjmimcftmvf fl vdlhfre (cdge sm evmjce mj pfrtm cdjsm`erevdlm `em `ue hldssfrm `m _emcbejfu e `m Gdjzf), gejtre, mj esegpm pdstermdrm, pdssdjd essere iftte rmejtrfre cdj smcurezzf fll”mjterjd `m smstegm lmjhumstmcm pmejfgejte rdgfjzm (cdge le Hldsse Egmlmfjejsm e Smlejsm, relftmvfgejte tfr`e e clfssmimcfomlm cdge drgfm cfstmhlmfje jellf ldrd mjterezzf). 5.? Pestm vmcmjm fll”espressmdje vdlhfre

 Jem testm rmcdj`ucmomlm f questf secdj`f tmpdldhmf trfspfmdjd sdluzmdjm, trf ldrd cderejtm, cbe ifjjd mjtumre `em gd`ellm `m drflmtî cbe prefjjujcmfjd ml vdlhfre;  prd`dttm, `m ujfcbe vdldjtî espressmvf cbefsm`mvejmre fvvmcmjf d cercf `m fvvmcmjfrsm f sdluzmdjm questm, `m uj”drflmtî qufjtdgejd sm fvvmf jedlftmjf. Fccf Fc cfjt jtdd f ques questm tm te test stmm cbe cbe jdj jdj pr pres esej ejtf tfjd jd rmfs rmfsse sett ttmm smhj smhjmi mimc mcft ftmv mvmm `e `ell smst smsteg egff hrfggftmcfle d cbe fccdlhdjd mjjdvfzmdjm jel cdgplessd msdlfte e cmrcdscrmtte, je mjcdjtrmfg mjcdjt rmfgdd fltrm fltrm jem quflm le gd`mimcfzmd gd`mimcfzmdjm jm gdridsmjt gdridsmjtfttmc fttmcbe be e stmlmstm stmlmstmcbe cbe fcqumstfjd fcqumstfjd  pesd e imjmscdjd cdj l”mjcm`ere prdidj`fgejte sullf imsmdjdgmf lmjhumstmcf `ehlm scrmttm1 cmÿ fccf`e fjcbe mj testm hmurm`mcm e` â perÿ sdprfttuttd cfrfttermstmcd `m quellm fhmdhrfimcm, `estmjftm f` essere cdgpresm `fl vdlhd e pertfjtd cdgpdstm mj gd`flmtî `m lf lftm tmjd jd rust rustmc mcd. d. ^er ^er ques queste te tm tmpd pdld ldhm hmee te test stuf uflm lm Fvf vfll llee bf mjtr mjtrd` d`dt dttd td jell jell”u ”ussd le clfssmimcfzmdjm `m lftmjd “cmrcf rdgfjcug‗, dssmf `m “lftmjd cbe mgmtf ml vdlhfre‗, per  lf lmjhuf cbe mj essm sm gfjmiestf e `m testm cdgpdstm “muxtf rustmcmtfteg‗, “mj gfjmerf cdjidrge fllf rustmcmtî‗, per ml cdgplessd `elle scelte idrgflm e cdjtejutmstmcbe. Sm trft trftttf `m rehm rehmsstrm mjt mjter erg ge`m e`m usft usftmm per per fhev fhevdl dlfr free le es esmmhejz hejzee pr prft ftmc mcbe be `el `ellf cdgujmcfzmdje jehlm fttm uiimcmflm `ellf vmtf puoolmcf puoo lmcf e jellf letterfturf relmhmdsf. ^rdce`ej`d jellf ge`esmgf `mrezmdje, gf secdj`d pfrfgetrm `m vflutfzmdje mj pfrte `mversm, Gfrmf Lumsf Gejehbettm bf suhhermtd `m mj`mvm`ufre mj gdltm testm scrmttm trf ml YM e l”YMMM-MR secdld lf presejzf `ellf refltî lmjhumstmcf clfssmimcfomle cdge “lftmjd `ellf pfrdlf‗; sm trfttf `em cfsm jem quflm lf lmjhuf pfrlftf imltrf, fjcbe se gfm mrrdgpe jellf lmjhuf scrmttf. L”mjsmege `m fttestfzmdjm â `mstrmoumomle mj `ue hruppm; testm `m cfrfttere `m`fttmcd-prescrmttmvd, jem quflm sm rmilette uj usd dr`mjfrmd, ldjtfjd `flle prftmcbe scrmtte cdrrejtm `m tmpd idrgflmzzftd d cfjdjmzzftd, cbe rmpdrtfjd uj jdrgfle pfrlftd1 testm f cfrfttere testmgdjmfle, cbe trfspdjhdjd jelld scrmttd elegejtm `ellf 

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cdgujmcfzmdje drfle, cdge testmgdjmfjze e hmurfgejtm, esegpm `m drflmtî strutturftf. Lf `mstmj `mstmjzmd zmdje je â utmle utmle per idcflm idcflmzzf zzfre re l”ftte l”fttejzm jzmdje dje sulle sulle cdj`mz cdj`mzmdj mdjmm e smt smtufz ufzmdj mdjmm

 pfrtmcdlfrm cbe bfjjd cdjsejtmtd le prmge dccfsmdjflm trfspdsmzmdjm jelld scrmttd `m

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

ujmtî testuflm mj sí cdgpmute, `fpprmgf mj lftmjd pfrtmcdlfrgejte vmcmjd fllf gd`flmtî  pfrlftf rustmcf e mj sehumtd sehumtd mj lmjhuf rdgfjzf. 5.3 Fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm

Segpre tejej`d presejtm lf `mstmjzmdje trf `dcugejtd e gdjugejtd e quellf prdpdstf `f Gejehb Gejehbett ettmm trf testm testm `m`ftt `m`fttmcd mcd-p -pres rescrm crmttm ttmvm vm e testmg testmgdjm djmflm flm,, fll fll”mj ”mjter terjd jd `m ques questd td mjsmege `m testm hmî rdgfjzm â dppdrtujd mjtrd`urre uj”ultermdre sepfrfzmdje `m gfssmgf rmscbmdsf, utmlmzzfj`d uj crmtermd `m dr`mje quflmtftmvd mjterjd, cbe pdrtf f `mstmjhuere; m pmý fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm, cdj idrgulfzmdje hejermcf, dssmf le pmý fjtmcbe fttestfzmdjm `ell”usd jelld scrmttd `m gd`flmtî lmjhumstmcbe cderejtm cbe pdssfjd `mrsm rdgfjze1 m pmý fjtmcb fjtmcbmm testm testm lette letterfr rfrmm rdgfjzm rdgfjzm,, cdstmt cdstmtuej uejtm tm ujf tmpdld tmpdldhmf hmf mjterj mjterjff fllf fllf  prece`ejte, jem quflm, mj fhhmujtf fllf gfjmiestfzmdje `m ujf vdldjtî clfssmimcfomle cdge gdjugejtfrmf, cbe gmrf, cmdâ, fllf crefzmdje `m uj dhhettd testufle futdjdgd, sm rmcdjdsce lf gessf mj dperf `m ujf vdldjtî espressmvf e idrgfle lehftf precmsfgejte flld strugejtd `el vdlhfre e cbe perÿ vf dltre lf 

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`m `mge gejs jsmd mdje je `ell”futdjdgf purf purfge gejt jtee lm lmjh jhum umst stmc mcff per peletterfrmf1 r hmuj hmujhe here re f`cmdâ, ujf ujjem f pmý pm ý cd cdgp letf tf `eimjmzmdje `mgejsmdje testm, quflm mlgple hrf`d `m cderejzf idrgfle tej`e f` essere gfssmgd e f `mpej`ere `f gdtmvfzmdjm  prevflejtegejte mjterje fl testd. Vuelld cbe qum, cdgujque, mgpdrtf rmof`mre â lf sdstfjzmfle `mversmtî `em tegpm cbe `escrmvdjd l”fppfrmzmdje e l”evdluzmdje `em smstegm letterfrm verm e prdprm rmspettd fllf crdjdldhmf `m pmý fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm. Ujf cfpfcmtî creftmvf e `”mjvejzmdje sm gfjm gf jmie iest stff cdj cdj cert certez ezzf zf mj gfjm gfjmer erff pr prep epdt dtej ejte te je jemm test testmm rdgf rdgfjz jzmm sdld sdld f pfrt pfrtmr mree `fll”ultmgd scdrcmd `el secdld RM, sullf ofse `m ujf judvf sejsmomlmtî lehftf fl vdlhfre1 â, mj refltî, sdld f pfrtmre `fhlm fjjm mjtdrjd fl 66>> cbe pdssmfgd pfrlfre f  pmejd tmtdld `m letterfture rdgfjze, e fjcdrf lmgmtftfgejte fll”fref hflld-rdgfjzf, dssmf flle rehmdjm lmjhumstmcbe `”dml e `”dc. F irdjte `m cmÿ, â perÿ `el pfrm evm`ejte cbe hmî jem `ue secdlm fjtermdrm fll”fjjd 66>> â pdssmomle mj`mvm`ufre segpre jellf rehmdje hflld-rdgfjzf ujf serme `m testm cbe sm `mstfjzmfjd jettfgejte `fhlm fltrm fjtmcbm `dcugejtm lmjhumstmcm rdgfjzm per l”mjtejsmtî `ellf tejsmdje idrgfle e creftmvf, per lf quflmtî `m scrmtturf cbe je rmsultf e per l”mgpehjd cdgplessmvd cbe lm fjmgf. @em testm jem quflm sm esplmcf ujf verf e prdprmf letterfrmetî tmpmcfgejte rdgfjzf, cbe sm cdjqumstf fttrfversd l”elfodrfzmdje `m idrge judve, jelle quflm cdjcdrrdjd ujf serme `m elegejtm `m ofse cderejtegejte vdlhfrm, idrge mj`mrmzzfte, fttrfversd l”usd esclusmvd `el vdlhfre, f` uj puoolmcd fjcbe lfmcd, `estmjftd f `mvejmre jel cdrsd `el tegpd ifttdre `el tuttd `ecmsmvd. Sm trfttf `m cdgpdjmgejtm mj versm, cdjcepmtm per ml cfjtd d lf `eclfgfzmdje; lf idrgflmtî vdlhfre `ellf versmimcfzmdje, `”mgpmfjtd `mversd `fllf getrmcf lftmjf fjtmcf e jdj periettfgejte rm`ucmomle jeppure f quellf lftmjf ge`mevfle, segorf fver cdstmtumtd questmldrd cdgpdjmgejtm `m fccessd f` ujd stftus `m rmcdjdscmutf esmstejzf, cbeper pergmse `m superfre lf lf vmf ofrrmerf culturfle cbe trfttejevf l”espressmdje vdlhfre fl `m lî `el cdjimje elmtfrmd `elld scrmttd.

F questm sdlm testm sm rmserverî, `ujque, lf `eimjmzmdje `m testm letterfrm, sejzf, perÿ,

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`mscdjdscere, `mscdjdsce re, lf cdgpdjejte cdgpdjejte `m letterfrme letterfrmetî, tî, dssmf `m hrfgg hrfggftmcfl ftmcflmtî, mtî, `m idrg idrgflmtî flmtî,, `m strutturfzmdje mj qufjtd testd, cbe â tfjhmomlgejte presejte mj fltrm, f cdgmjcmfre `fm vejerfomlm Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd. Strfsourhd. Fccfjtd f questd jucled mjjdvftmvd `m fjtmcbm testm letterfrm rdgfjzm, sm cdlldcfjd trf`mzmdjm scrmttdrme `m cdjsm`erevdle mgpdrtfjzf lmjhumstmcf e culturfle cdge quellf testmgdjmftf, per esegpmd, `fll”usd estesd `el vdlhfre jehlm fttm hmurm`mcm re`fttm mj Lmjhuf`dcf (e mj gmjdr gmsurf mj Cftfldhjf) f pfrtmre `fllf imje `el secdld RM, gejtre strugejtm hmurm`mcm, puoolmcm per ld pmý e` eccezmdjflgejte prmvftm, re`fttm mj vdlhfre cdgpfmdjd smf jel RMM secdld jell”Mtflmf cejtrfle, smf sdprfttuttd mj Sfr`ehjf, hmî `fllf imje `ell”RM secdld. M judvm testm letterfrm rdgfjzm fcqumsmscdjd rfpm`fgejte cfrfttere `m cdgpmutezzf dssmf dss mf `m pmejf pmejf imjmte imjmtezzf zzf idrgf idrgfle, le, rmcdjd rmcdjdscm scmutf utf fjcbe fjcbe `fllf `fllf smcur smcurff mj`mv mj`mvm`u m`ufzm fzmdje dje hrfimcf jem gfjdscrmttm cbe trfsgettdjd m testm fttrfversd m cdjsuetm sehjm `mstmjtmvm; spfzm `m sepfrfzmdje, mjtmtdlfzmdjm, lettere `m hrfj`e idrgftd. Essm `mgdstrfjd cdsì `m fvere cdjsehumtd ujf pmejf futdjdgmf jem cdjirdjtm `m ifttdrm cmrcdstfjzmflm, cbe sm  presejtfjd fltrdve cdge presuppdstm jecessfrm `em testm vdlhfrm e cbe `ujque je cdj`mzmdjfjd l”esmstejzf.

 

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

9. Fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm

L” mjsermgejtd mj pdsmzmdje imjfle ejtrd questd oreve pfjdrfgf `m quelld cbe per  ujfjmge cdjsejsd â cdjsm`erftd ml pmý fjtmcd testd vdlhfre cdjservftd `m ujf certf estejsmdje, m Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd, e `el pmý fjtmcd testd letterfrmd, Lf Sequejzf `m Sfjt Sfjt”E ”Eul ulfl flmf mf,, â mj qufl quflcb cbee gd`d gd`d idrz idrzft ftff perc percbí bí jdj jdj cdrr cdrrms mspd pdj`e j`e fll” fll”dr dr`m `mje je crdj crdjdl dldh dhmc mcd; d; fhlm m Hmur Hm urfg fgej ejtm tm,, sm smcu curf rfg gejte ej te `ftf `fsejsmomlgejte tftm tm fll” fll”fj fjjd jd fjtermdrm 20 20?, ?, e lf Se ejzf zf,, fssehjfomle fjjm 22>-2=>, sdjd `mifttm smf Sequ f quej `mversm `dcugejtm mtflmfjm, cdge m ^lfcmtm cfgpfjm, smf flle fttestfzmdjm moermcbe. Vuestf cdlldcfzmdje `em Hmurfgejtm e `ell”Eulflmf imjmsce cdsì cdj l”flterfre mj gfjmerf evm`ejte lf successmdje cfjdjmcf `em pmý fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm. Lf sceltf bf perÿ ujf suf iujzmdjflmtî e` â gdtmvftf `flle sehuejtm rfhmdjm; rmspettd f gdltm `ehlm fltrm testm, m Hmurfgejtm sdjd cdjtrf``mstmjtm `f uj smcurd cfrfttere gdjugejtfrmd, cbe lm `mstfjzmf `fllf cdj`mzmdje mjcertf `em hrfiimtm e mscrmzmdjm rdgfje e `fllf purf `mgejsmdje `dcugejtfrmf cum â hmustd rmcdj`urre le vfrme scrmtture dccfsmdjflm e `m cfrfttere prftmcd1 rmspettd fm ^lfcmtm, m Hmurfgejtm sm `mstfccfjd per lf supermdre cdgplessmtî `el `ettftd e per lf stessf esplmcmtf quflmimcfzmdje cbe lm mjtrd`uce fll”mjterjd `ellf crdjfcf lftmjf `m Jmtbfr`1 mj pfrtmcdlfre, prdprmd mj qufjtd iruttd `m uj mjtervejtd letterfrmd cbe `miiermsce  per hrf`d e quflmtî `fhlm fltrm testm fjtmcbm qum presejtftm, m Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd sm pdjhdjd cdge fjteifttd `mrettd `ellf Sequejzf `m Sfjt”Eulflmf1 rmspettd f questf, m Hmurfgejtm iujhdjd `f mjtrd`uzmdje espdsmtmvf e `f tergmje `m cdjirdjtd rfvvmcmjftd, pergettej`d `m gehlmd vflutfre m cfrftterm drgfm tdtflgejte futdjdgm `el vdlhfre jell”Eulflmf1 mjimje mjim je jellf Sequejzf `m Sfjt”Eulfl Sfjt”Eulflmf mf lf lmjhuf irfjcese irfjcese vmeje utmlmzzftf utmlmzzftf per lf  prmgf vdltf, e cdj hrfj`e fjtmcmpd sulle fltre fttestfzmdjm, cdj ujf iujzmdje espres esp ressmv smvff hum`ft hum`ftff `f ujf cbmfrf cbmfrf mjtejz mjtejzmdj mdjflm flmtî tî letter letterfrm frmf1 f1 ess essff trf l”flt l”fltrd rd gfjmiestf l”mgpdrtfjzf `el tuttd specmfle, qufsm esclusmvf, cbe jellf Irfjcmf `el 

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 Jdr` bfjjd le scrmtture scrmtture letterfrme rmspettd rmspettd fhlm fltrm fjtmcbm testm vdlhfrm. vdlhfrm. 9.6 Hldsse e hldssfrm

Sm trfttf evm`ejtegejte jdj `m testm drhfjmcm verm e prdprm, gf `m hldsse, dssmf `m spmehfzmdjm, fl lmgmte `m trf`uzmdjm vere e prdprme. Mj hejerfle, le hldsse sdjd pfrte mjtehrfjte `ellf pmý fgpmf e frtmcdlftf f rtmcdlftf dperf `m esplmcfzmdje, mllustrfzmdje e cdggejtd `em testm, svmluppftf smstegftmcfgejte mj lftmjd per lf Omoomf, gf fjcbe, mj sehumtd, mj fgomejte ujmversmtfrmd e segpre mj lftmjd, mj prmgd ludhd per trfttftm tedldhmcm, hmurm`mcm e ge`mcm, e fpplmcftf pdm trf l”fltrd fl cdggejtd `ellf Cdgge`mf `fjtescf. ^er lf pfrte cbe qum mjteressf, sm trfttf `m hldsse `m tmpd lessmcfle, cbe `dcugejtfjd l”evdl l”e vdluzm uzmdje dje `el vdcfod vdcfodlfr lfrmd md mj epdcf epdcf fltd-g fltd-ge`m e`mevf evfle, le, prmgf prmgf `ell”f `ell”fppfr ppfrmzm mzmdje dje `m futdjdgm testm rdgfjzm `m fpprezzfomle estejsmdje. Prdvmfgd queste hldsse `mspdste fccfjtd fm testm, jel gfrhmje d jelld spfzmd mjterlmjefre, lî `dve erf dppdrtujd spmehfre e mjterpretfre smjhdle pfrdle e` espressmdjm d fjcbe pfssm pmý estesm. P Pfldrf fldrf le

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

hldsse cdgpfmdjd rf`ujfte e clfssmimcfte mj hldssfrm, dssmf mj repertdrm smstegftmcm `m fgpmezzf vfrmfomle. Lf gfhhmdr pfrte `em cdgplessm `m hldsse e `em hldssfrm fltd-ge`mevflm cm mjteressf, `ujque, sdld mj`mrettfgejte, cdge testmgdjmfjzf seggfm `m uj persmstejte usd `el lftm lftmjd jd cdj `miie `miiere rejz jzmf mfzm zmdjm djm mjte mjterj rje, e, qufl quflmm fppu fppujt jtdd quell quellee trf trf test testdd hlds hldssf sftd td e` esplmcfzmdje, e cdj uj fpprezzfomle frrmccbmgejtd `el lessmcd. Prf m hldssfrm `m spmccftd mjteresse mjteresse rdgfjzd se je sehjflfjd `ue; ml hldssfrmd `m Gdjzf, `m drmhmje fltd-mtflmfjf, fttrmoumomle fm prmgm `ecejjm `el R secdld1 bf per cfrfttermstmcf `m essere hrecd-lftmjd e qumj`m spessd jem ifttm hrecd-rdgfjzd1 ml hldssfrmd `m Afssel, pmý fjtmcd, cdgpmlftd jel secdld MR `f ujd scrmvejte `m lmjh lmjhuf uf gf`r gf`ree te te`e `esc scf, f, ml qufl quflee dper dperfvf fvf sdtt sdttdd `e `ett ttft ftur urff e jdj jdj fttr fttrfv fver ersd sd trfscrmzmdje d rmcdgpmlfzmdje `m gftermflm preesmstejtm. Vuestd hldssfrmd h ldssfrmd segorf essere ml iruttd `m ujf sdrtf `m mjcbmestf lmjhumstmcf fjte lmtterfg cdj`dttf `f ujd scrm scrmve vejt jtee `m lmjh lmjhuf uf gf`r gf`ree herg hergfj fjmc mcff pr pres essd sd ujd ujd d pmý pmý pf pfrl rlfj fjtm tm rdgf rdgfjm jm,, mjterrdhftm su vfrme pfrdle e` espressmdjm `m usd qudtm`mfjd, trfscrmtte mj ujf veste spessd gfrcftf `f trfttm hrfimcd/idjetmcm hergfjmcm cdj l”fccdgpfhjfgejtd `m trf`uzmdje mj te`escd. Je rmsultf ujf lmstf `m 62> cdppme 

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`m leggm mj tuttd, cmfscujf cdj le `ue idrge, lftmjd/rdgfjzf e hergfjmcf, fiimf fi imfjcf jcfte, te, rfhhru rfhhruppft ppftee secdj`d secdj`d uj dr` dr`mjf mjfge gejtd jtd `m tmpd tmpd djdg djdgfsm fsmdld dldhmc hmcd; d; l”udgd, hlm fjmgflm `dgestmcm, lf cfsf, ml vestmfrmd, hlm fttrezzm, leggm vfrm. 9.6.6 Ml Hldssfrmd `m _emcbejfu

 cdjtejutd mj uj gfjdscrmttd `el secdld R, prdvejmejte `fllf omolmdtecf `ell”Foofzmf  oeje`ettmjf `m _emcbejfu, sul lfhd `m Cdstfjzf, oejcbí jdj cdpmftd mj questd scrmptdrmug. Sm trfttf `m ujf cdjsm`erevdle rfccdltf `m 5.>>> leggm fccdgpfhjftm `flle relftmve esplmcfzmdjm, su``mvmsf mj `ue sezmdjm; lf pfrte sdstfjzmfle `ellf rfccdltf â cdstmtumtf `f uj Hldssfrmd omolmcd, dssmf `f uj”elejcfzmdje `m pfrdle `miimcmlm mjcdjtrfte jelle Sfcre Scrmtture1 f sehumtd `el Hldssfrmd omolmcd c”â uj pmccdld Hldssfrmd flifoetmcd, cdgpdstd secdj`d crmterm smgmlm fl prece`ejte e `e`mcftd f spmehfre tergmjm rmcfvftm, dltre cbe `fllf Omoomf, fjcbe `f scrmttm relmhmdsm `m vfrmd tmpd, specmflgejte fhmdhrfime. Ml re`fttdre `el hldssfrmd dperf fll”mjterjd `m uj smstegf cbe rmgfje esclusmvfgejte lftmjd.  Jel lmvelld d rehmstrd mjiermdre, quelld `ellf hldssfturf, sm mjtrd`uce lf judvf refltî lmjhumstmcf mj vmf `m fiiergfzmdje, trfspfre, qumj`m, uj idj`d cbe pdssmfgd drgfm clfssmimcfre cdge jettfgejte vdlhfre, rdgfjzd. L”mjteresse `elle hldsse mj cbmfve rdgfjzf â jellf gfhhmdr pfrte `em cfsm lessmcfle; sm trfttf `m leggm msdlftm, mj hejere sdstfjtmv sdst fjtmvm,m, jdj `m smjtfhgm, smjtfhgm, e ml pmý `elle vdlte le pfrdle pfrdle cdjservfjd cdjservfjd m trfttm trfttm lftmjm per  qufjtd rmhufr`f lf gdridldhmf, gejtre lf hrfimf jdj rehmstrf jessujf evdluzmdje `m cfrfttere sdstfjzmfle.`el Hldssfrmd â dvvmfgejte `ftd essejzmfle quelld `ellf suf ^er lf vflutfzmdje `ftfzmdje e ldcflmzzfzmdje. Ml gfjdscrmttd `el secdld R, jdj â stftd cdpmftd f

_emcbejfu _emcbe jfu e, cdge `ettd, sm presejtf cdge ujf cdpmf `m uj gd`elld, gd`elld, idrse `m drmhmje drmhmje

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

irfjcese, sehjftd `f uj `msdr`mje jellf sequejzf `em ifscmcdlm. M gftermflm rfccdltm `mgdstrfjd `mgds trfjd trf l”fltrd l”fltrd l”mjilussd l”mjilussd `m flcuje cdgpmlfzmdjm cdgpmlfzmdjm lessmcflm lessmcflm `m etî cfrdlmjhmf cfrdlmjhmf11 lf cdgpdjejte rdgfjzf mj`mrmzzf cdj smcurezzf versd lf Hfllmf settejtrmdjfle. ^ertfjtd â  pru`ejte cdjsm`erfre ml Hldssfrmd `m _emcbejfu cdge cdgpmlftd fll”mjmzmd `el MR secdld, e ml sud repertdrmd lessmcfle cdge ujf testmgdjmfjzf `mrettf `el lftmjd suo letterfrmd `m etî cfrdlmjhmf, mjiluejzftd `fllf lmjhuf cdrrejtegejte pfrlftf mj Irfjcmf f quell”epdcf.  Jel Hldssfrmd â sejsmomle sejsmomle lf tej`ejzf fllf sdstmtuzmdje `m gdjdsmllfom e `m pfrdle orevm lftmje, ml pmý `elle vdlte cfrfttermzzfte `f pfrf`mhgm mrrehdlfrm, cdj idrge pmý fgpme e tej`ej tej `ejzmf zmflge lgejte jte rehdlf rehdlfrm rm (es - vmg; vmg; idrtmf idrtmfg) g)11 l”mjjdv l”mjjdvfzm fzmdje dje,, tfldr tfldrf, f, sm reflmz reflmzzf zf fttrfversd l”mjtrd`uzmdje `m elegejtm lessmcflm `m drmhmje hergfjmcf (es – Mtflmf; Ldjhdofr`mf)1 mj fgomtd gdridldhmcd, mjdltre, trdvmfgd fttestftf lf crmsm `el smstegf lftmjd `em cdgpfrftmvm/superlftmvm espressm fttrfversd lf `esmjejzf (es – dptmgds; gelmdres) e ujf certf segplmimcfzmdje jell”fgomtd `em prdjdgm (es – cujctm; dgjes). 9.6.? Le Hldsse Smlejsm

Le Hldsse Smlejsm prej`djd ml jdge `fl gdjfsterd `m Sfjtd @dgmjhd `e Smlds, jellf rehmdje `m Ourhds, prdofomle `m drmhmjele `el cd`mce.ujMl fgpmd gfjdscrmttd cdjtmeje  prmjcmpflgejte ujfludhd rfccdltf `m Sergdjm1 hldsse, cdgplessd `m esplmcfzmdjm pujtuflm `mspdste f imfjcd `el testd, rmhufr`fjd, perÿ, sdld l”ultmgf `elle dpere trfscrmtte, uj ^ejmtejzmfle, prdofomlgejte `m drmhmje jdj moermcf. @fll”fspettd `elle hldsse, fttrmoumomlm fm prmgmssmgm fjjm `el secdld RM â fppfrsd cbmfrd cbe ml cdpmstf trfscrmvevf `f uj esegplfre hmî hldssftd. 9.6.3 Le Hldsse Egmlmfjejsm

Mj`mcbmfgd cdj Hldsse Egmlmfjejsm uj mjsmege `m fjjdtfzmdjm esplmcftmve fppdste `f ujf sdlf gfjd e cdjtejejtm vdlhfrmsgm mj gmsurf vfrmfomle, cbe sm lehhdjd mj uj gfjdscrmttd dhhm jellf Omolmdtecf `ellf _efl Fcf`egmf `e lf Bmstdrmf `m Gf`rm`. Sm trfttf `m uj cd`mce fltd-ge`mevfle prdvejmejte, fppujtd, `fl gdjfsterd `m Sfj Gmllfj, cbe cdjservf testm lftmjm `m cfrfttere relmhmdsd. Ml gfjdscrmttd vejje cdgpmlftd f cfvf cf vfll lldd `em `em secd secdlm lm MR e R, le espl esplmc mcfz fzmd mdjm jm,, mj tutt tuttdd 60 605, 5, sd sdjd jd `el `el se secd cdld ld RM RM,,  prdofomlgejte `m pdcd pdstermdrm pdstermdrm flle Hldsse Smlejsm. 9.? Pestm rdgfjzm fjtmcbmssmgm

Sm presejtf `m sehumtd uj oreve cfgpmdjfrmd `m fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm d qufjtdgejd  prdssmgm fllf `mgejsmdje rdgfjzf. Lf cfgpmdjfturf bf vfldre purfgejte esegplmimcftmvd cmrcf le `mverse vfrmetî lmjhumstmcbe, lf tmpdldhmf `elle pmý fjtmcbe scrmtture vdlhfrm e ml hrf`d vfrmfomle `m letterfrmetî cbe f` esse â fttrmoumomle, mj relfzm rel fzmdje dje sm smff`emfm testm cdjteju cdjtâejutm smf flle fllgmjmgf e cfrftt cfrftterm ermst mcbe e hrfimc hrfcrdjdldhmcd imcbe be `ellf `ellf jdj trfscr trfscrmzm dje.. Lf `mgejsmdje mjtmhejere e mlstmcb lmgmte â mzmdje imssftd mj gfjmerf rmhm`f e rmsultf pfrtmcdlfrgejte fvfjzftd per l”fref mtflmfjf.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

9.?.6 @fll”Mtflmf

Prf m `dcugejtm pmý smhjmimcftmvm rmcdr`mfgd; lf pdstmllf Fgmftmjf (Gdjte Fgmftf, 6>28); sm trfttf `m ujf pdstmllf `m `ue rmhbe cbe ml jdtfmd _fmjermd fhhmujse fllf imje `m uj fttd `el hejjfmd `el 6>281 l”mscrmzmdje `m Sfj Clegejte (_dgf, RM-RMM secdld); sm trfttf `m ujf serme `m 





`m`fscflme cbe mllustrfjd, ofttutefiirescftf prdjujcmfte `f `ue d pmý persdjfhhm, ujf scejf `el gfrtmrmd `m Sfj cdj Clegejte, jell”dgdjmgf jell”dgdjmg f ofsmlmcf rdgfjf1 le testmgdjmfjze `m Prfvfle (Ydlterrf, 6652); sdjd irfsm mj vdlhfre mjsermte mj fttm `el hmu`mce Ofl`umjd e relftmve f ujf cdjtrdversmf cmrcf lf prdprmetî `m flcujm cfsdlfrm `el cdjtf`d vdlterrfjd.

9.?.6.6 L”mj`dvmjelld Yerdjese Sepfre Sepf reof of odv odves es fl flof of prft prftfl flmf mf fr frfo fof f e fl flod od vers versdr drmd md teje tejeof of e je jehr hrd d seg segej ej segmjfof

 lf prmgf `m `ue irfsm (lf secdj`f â mj dttmgd lftmjd) mjsermte `f `ue `mstmjte gfjm gdltd smgmlm jellf cdgpetejzf hrfimcf mj ujd spfzmd lmoerd presejte mj uj prezmdsd cd`mce `m drmhmje moermcf, pdrtftd mj Mtflmf hmî fll”mjmzmd `el secdld YMMM, fll”epdcf `ell”mjvfsmdje frfof. L”mjtervejtd `em `ue scrmvejtm â stftd `ftftd recejtegejte fllf secdj`f getî `el secdld YMMM, mjtdrjd fl 82> cmrcf, e mjterpretftd cdge ujf gdltd  prdofomle prdvf `m fomlmtî cfllmhrfimcf `f pfrte `m `ue `mversm scrmom, `m pfrm e` elevftf  orfvurf1 ml lmvelld `m cdgpetejzf hrfimcf `em `ue scrmvejtm presuppdje per ejtrfgom ujf idrgfzmdje specmimcf fssfm fccurftf e qumj`m uj lmvelld `m mstruzmdje certfgejte elevftd. Lf irfse rdgfjzf, sdprf rmpdrtftf, cdrrmspdj`e f` uj mj`dvmjelld cbe celf fttrfversd getfidre l”fttmvmtî `elld scrmvere. L”j`dvmjelld â, perfltrd, rmcdj`ucmomle fjcbe f` ujf specmimcf trf`mzmdje `m ejmhgmstmcf lftmjf, cbe rmpdrtereooe pmuttdstd f` fgomejtm cdltm e`ujque f trf`mzmdj trf`mzmdjm m `me tmpd scdlfstmc scdlfstmcd; d; ml `ftd prmgfrmd prmgfrmd `m cdlld cdlldcfzmdj cfzmdjee culturfle culturfle `el testd testd â mjcertd siuhhejte. Cdsì Cd sì cdge cdge lf su suff cl clfs fssm smim imcfz cfzmd mdje je cult cultur urfl fle, e, l”es l”esft fttf tf m`ej m`ejtm tmim imcf cfzm zmdje dje lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcff `ell”Mj`dvmjelld â estregfgejte cdjtrdversf e tuttdrf dhhettd `m `mofttmtd. Cdgujque sm vflutm ml testd, lf cdgpdjejte lftmjf â fjcdrf idrte e lf sm fvverte mj `mverse hrfime;  prftflmf (-t- mjtervdcflmcf, hruppd –lm-), gf fjcbe le tergmjfzmdjm mj –fof e` –eof `ehlm mgperiettm (fjcdrf cdj –o)1 ml smjtfhgf jeutrd flof prftflmf rmspdj`e fjcdrf f ujf gdridldhmf lftmjf. Prf m trfttm pmý jdtevdlm, â mj`uoomf l”fssejzf `ell”frtmcdld. Elegejtm mjjdvftmvm sdjd, fl cdjtrfrmd, lf per`mtf `elle gfrcbe `m cfsd jem sdstfjtmvm e jehlm fhhettmvm e `m persdjf jem pre`mcftm veroflm (scdgpfrsf `ellf –P). 9.?.6.? L”mscrmzmdje L”mscrmzmdje `ellf Cftfcdgof `m Cd Cdggd`mllf ggd`mllf Jdj `mcere mlle secrmtf foodce

 uj”mscrmzmdje mj lettere cfpmtflm, hrfiimtf mj vertmcfle su ujf pfrete `ellf Cftfcdgof

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

`m Cdggd`mllf f _dgf e `ftfomle fllf prmgf getî `el secdld MR. Sm trfttf `m uj fggdjmgejtd rmvdltd fhlm diimcmfjtm per rmcdr`fre `m jdj prdjujcmfre f` fltf vdce le pfrtm sehrete `elle drfzmdjm. F `miierejzf `miierejzf `ell”Mj`dvmjelld verdjese, l”frtmcdld pfre qum utmlmzzftd mj gfjmerf smgmle fll” fll”us usdd gd`e gd`erj rjdd (gf (gf cdj cdj fs fsse sett ttdd idje idjetm tmcd cd fjcd fjcdrf rf lftm lftmjd jd,, mlle mlle)1 )1 sdjd sdjd mjve mjvece ce `el `el rdgfjescd fjtmcd, cbe bf trfttm fssfm pmý germ`mdjflm `m quelld gd`erjd, lf idrgf `mcere e lf presejzf `ellf velfre sdr`f mj secrmtf1 l”mgperftmvd bf lf idrgf gd`erjf rdgfjzf e mtflmfjf cdj Jdj + mjimjmtd (ml lftmjd clfssmcd fvreooe rmcbmestd ujf cdstruzmdje cdj Je + cdjhmujtmvd). Lf secdj`f `elle `ue –o (foodce) â sdprfscrmttf e pfre fhhmujtf, prdofomlgejte flld scdpd cdpd `m cdji cdjier ermmre fl flll”m ”msscr crmmzm zmdj djee ujf ujf cdjj cdjjdt dtfz fzmd mdje je cdld cdldrm rmsstmcf tmcf trf rfg gmte mte ml rf``dppmfgejtd idjdsmjtfttmcd. 9.?.6.3 Idrgule vdlhfrm `em ^lfcmtm cfgpfjm Sfd ad aelle terre, per aelle imjm que am cdjteje, trejtf fjjm le pdssette pfrte Sfjctm Oeje`mctm.

Cdj questd jdge sm mj`mcfjd cdjhmujtfgejte qufttrd idrgule testmgdjmflm, dssmf `m testmgdjm test mgdjmfjzf fjzf hmurftf, hmurftf, espresse espresse mj vdlhfre, vdlhfre, trf ldrd gdltd smgmlm1 smgmlm1 idrgule `m lmgm lmgmtftf tftf estejsmdje, gf periettfgejte cdgpmute e prdvvmste `m ujd stftutd smjtfttmcd cderejte e  per jullf cdgplessd; cd gplessd; mj oreve, m pmý fjtmcbm permd`m rmsdlutfgejte vdlhfrm jel `dgmjmd mtflmfjd. Vueste qufttrd idrgule cdgpfmdjd cmfscujf fll”mjterjd `m fltrettfjtm `dcugejtm lftmjm `ehlm fjjm =9>-=93, prdvejmejtm `f ldcflmtî dhhm tutte mj prdvmjcmf `m Cfsertf, dssmf `f ujff zdjf uj zdjf foof foofst stfj fjzf zf cm cmrc rcds dscr crmt mttf tf `ell `ellff Cfgp Cfgpfj fjmf mf se sett ttej ejtr trmd mdjf jfle le,, f qu quel el tegpd tegpd sdttdp sdt tdpdst dstff fll”mj fll”mjil iluejz uejzff `ell”f `ell”foof oofzmf zmf `m Gdjtec Gdjtecfss fssmjd mjd.. M `dc `dcuge ugejtm jtm cdjtej cdjtejhdj hdjdd sejtejze, `ette fppujtd plfcmtm, egesse `f tre hmu`mcm f prdpdsmtd `m terrejm cdjtesm trf idj`fzmdjm gdjfstmcbe e smhjdrm lfmcm `el ludhd. Esse sm mjscrmvdjd mj uj `msehjd  pdlmtmcd-mstmtuzmdjfle  pdlmtmcd-mstmtuzm djfle svmluppftd mj quem `ecejjm `fll”foofzmf `m Gdjtecfssmjd, `f cum `mpej`djd hlm fltrm gdjfsterm qum cdmjvdltm1 l”domettmvd erf ml cdjsdlm`fgejtd `elle  prdprmetî `elle idj`fzmdjm gdjfstmcbe, mj cdjtrfppdsmzmdje fllf jdomltî lfmcf. Le idrgule vdlhfrm cdstmtumscdjd ml cudre `el `dcugejtd; m hmurfgejtm, evejtuflgejte rmpetutm, cdj vfrmfjtm fl pmý gmjmge, se m testmgdjm sdjd pmý `m ujd, hfrfjtmscdjd lf vermtî `em ifttm e rfppresejtfjd ml idj`fgejtd hmurm`mcd `ellf sejtejzf. Â mj fssdlutd rmlevfjte cbe m persdjfhhm cbe testmgdjmfjd jdj sdjd fiifttd `ehlm mlletterftm, gf cbmermcm e jdtfm; l”mgpmehd `el vdlhfre jelle idrgule jdj â lehftd mj`mvm`uflgejte flle ldrd ldrd persd persdje je e se sego gorf rf pm pmut uttd tdst stdd rm rmil ilet ette tere re uj us usdd cbe cbe prmv prmvml mleh ehmf mfvf vf l”ev l”evm` m`ej ejzf zf cdgujmcftmvf. Lf jfturf `em testm, lf ldrd cdlldcfzmdje hedhrfimcf, bf pergessd `m `elmjefre m cdjtdrjm `m uj”Mtflmf cejtrd-germ`mdjfle ldjhdofr`d- cfssmjfte, estesf fppujtd trf ml @ucftd `m Spdletd, fppfre pmý f jdr`, ml `ucftd `m Oejevejtd e ml ^rmjcmpftd `m Cfpuf. Vuest”fref lehftfe,f`f su`, ujf serme `m mgpdrtfjtm idj`fzmdjm gdjfstmcbe  oeje`ettmje, trf cum prmgehhmf l”foofzmf `m Gdjtecfssmjd cdj lf rete `m gdjfsterm cbe

f` essf essf ifce ifcevf vf cfpd cfpd;; uj”f uj”fre reff re relf lftm tmvf vfge gejt jtee ujmt ujmtfr frmf mf,, cd cdjt jtrf rfpp ppds dstf tf fll” fll”fl fltf tf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

irfggejtfzmdje `ell”Mtflmf settejtrmdjfle. Lf `mgejsmdje gdjfstmcf, perfltrd, jdj â esclusmvf; `metrd fm hmurfgejtm cfgpfjm s”mjtrfve`e fjcbe ujf trf`mzmdje scdlfstmcdjdtfrmle, vmvf mj cejtrm lfmcm e fllf qufle vf prdofomlgejte rmcdj`dttf lf culturf tecjmcf, idrgfle e qumj`m fjcbe drtdhrfimcf, `ehlm estejsdrm `ehlm fttm. Fllf jdzmdje `m `dcugejtd lehfle, dssmf `m strugejtd jdtfrmle e hmurm`mcd, sm fccdgpfhjf quellf `m idrgflmtî, ifttdre mgpdrtfjte `m hfrfjzmf `ellf verm`mcmtî `ehlm fttm. Mj Mjjf jfjz jzmt mtut uttd td cdjv cdjelle jvme meje je msdl msdlfr free `m ujf ujpdssessd f cdgpd cdgpdje jejte jte lftm lfcdj tmjf jf,“pfrte‗. , rmcd rmcdjd jdsc scmo moml mlee f lmve lmvell lldd gdridsmjtfttmcd espressmdjm cdstrumte Prfttm `mstmjtmvm `ell”fref mtflmfjf sdjd lf cdjservfzmdje hejerflmzzftf `elle vdcflm imjflmm lftmje, imjfl lftmje, lf presejzf presejzf `m hegmjfte (pdssette) (pdssette) e m plurflm plurflm sejzf –s. Prf hlm elegejtm elegejtm tmpmcm `ellf rehmdje e cdgujm f` fltrm `mflettm germ`mdjflm mtflmfjm sm mj`mcfjd ml  oetfcmsgd, l”fssejzf `m `mttdjhfzmdje spdjtfjef (cdjteje) e fjcbe getfidjetmcf (idrd) e lf cdjhmujzmdje ad, `fl lftmjd qud`. Uj fspe fspett ttdd pujtu pujtufl flee sul sul qufl quflee cdjv cdjvme meje je sdi sdiie ierg rgfr frsm sm,, per per l”mg l”mgpd pdrt rtfj fjzf zf cmrc cmrcff lf getd`dldhmf `m mj`fhmje e lf rmlevfjzf `elle cdjclusmdjm, â quelld `elle idrge veroflm sfd cbe cdgpfmdjd mj fperturf `ellf prmgf, secdj`f e qufrtf idrgulf, cdgomjfj`dsm jellf secdj`f e qufrtf cdj le hrfime cc- `ellf cdjhmujzmdje ccd, cbe secdj`d dhjm evm`ejzf sehjfjd uj rf``dppmfgejtd idjdsmjtfttmcd. Sm â f lujhd `mscussd cmrcf lf  pdssmomle drmhmje cfgpfjf `ellf idrgf “sfd‗smf (`f mj lftmjd sfpmd)1 recejtegejte, tuttfvmf, sm â sdstejutd cbe sfd ujf sfccmd, idrgf settejtrmdjfle, jdj cfgpfjf; l”mgprestmtd settejtrmdjfle â `f mjtej`ere cdge pfrte `m quellf cdrrejte `m trft trfttm tm lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcmm cbe le cf cfjc jcel elle lerm rmee ldjh ldjhdo dofr fr`e `e cdj cdj ce cejt jtrd rd f ^fvm ^fvmff mjmz mjmzmf mfrd rdjd jd f mrrf`mfre, tre secdlm prmgf, versd ml restd `ellf pejmsdlf. 9.?.6.0 Ml Cdjtd jfvfle pmsfjd

 uj elejcd `m spese sdstejute per l”fllestmgejtd `elle jfvm, scdpertd `f Mhjfzmd Ofl`ellm pdcbm `ecejjm dr sdjd mj uj cd`mce `ellf Iree Lmorfry `m Imlf`elimf. Sm trfttf `ellf prmgf `dcugejtfzmdje scrmttf `m ujf certf estejsmdje jellf qufle smf utmlmzzftf lf vfrmetî tdscfjf, pdm `estmjftf f idrjmre lf ofse `ell”mtflmfjd jdrgftmvd gd`erjd fttrfversd ml gd`elld letterfrmd imdrejtmjd. Ml testd â rmccd `m tecjmcmsgm fjcbe fltfgejte specmflmzzftm. L”fppfrtejejzf fl tmpd lmjhumstmcd mtflmfjd e pmý specmimcfgejte tdscfjd â hfrfjtmtf `fm sehuejtm trfttm; lf cdjservfzmdje smstegftmcf `elle vdcflm `m uscmtf lftmje, f`fttfte oejmjtesd cdge tutte le fltre fllf idjetmcf rdgfjzf1 lf cdjservfzmdje `m hegmjfte1 lf cdjservfzmdje `m dcclusmve mjtervdcflmcbe1 m plurflm sejzf –s1 lf prepdsmzmdje “`m‗ e lf idrgf `el preimssd `ms-, lf prepdsmzmdje mj1 l”evdluzmdje `el suiimssd suiimssd lftmjd – frmug cdge –fmd e `m –ermug cdge –emd1 lf cdjservfzmdje `m fu `fvfjtm f –l, trfttd, questd, `ell”fjtmcd pmsfjd, luccbese e `el pmstdmese. 

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Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

9.?.6.5 Lf idrgulf `m cdjiessmdje ugorf u gorf

Fllf imje `el gfjdscrmttd O 93 `ellf Omolmdtecf Yfllmcellmfjf Yfllmcellmfjf `m _dgf, prdvejmejte `fl gdjfsterd `m Sfjt”Eutmzmd `m Jdrcmf, `m idrgftd pmccdld e fttrmoumomle fhlm ultmgm fjjm `el RM secdld, ld stessd cdpmstf prmjcmpfle `el cd`mce bf fhhmujtd ujf idrgulf `m cdjiessmdje, jdtf cdge idrgulf `m Cdjiessmdje ugorf, `fl ludhd `m drmhmje e per m trfttm `mflettflm cbe lflmturhmcd-`evdzmdjfle, cfrfttermzzfjd. Sm trfttf `m uj testd smhjmimcftmvd per m cfrftterm `m cdgpmutezzf idrgfl idr gflee e` eldque eldquejte jte qufle qufle esegplm esegplmimc imcfzm fzmdje dje `em cfgpm cfgpm hrf`ft hrf`ftfge fgejte jte fcqums fcqumsmtm mtm fll”espressmdje mj vdlhfre. M sudm cdjjdtftm lmjhumstmcm sdjd fjcdrf quellm `m uj testd `m trfjsmzmdje, jel qufle gdltm elegejtm vdlhfrm sdjd mjsermtm fll”mjterjd `m uj”dssfturf testufle `m mgpmfjtd fjcdrf mj hrfj pfrte lftmjd. Dltre f cfrftterm hejermcfgejte mtflmfjm, cejtrd-germ`mdjflm, pdssmfgd rmcdjdscere fjcbe trfttm specmimcm `em `mflettm `mversm `fl ` fl tdscfjd, mj pfrtmcdlfre l”ugord. Lf ofse mtflmfjf sm mj`mvm`uf mj iejdgejm hmî rmlevftm jellf cfrtf pmsfjf1 cdjservfzmdje cdj servfzmdje `elle vdcflm `m uscmtf e `elle hegmjfte, plurflm sejzf -s. Vuflm iejdgejm specmimcm `m fref ugorf, mjvece, sm sehjflfjd; lf presejzf `m getfidjesm jel trfttfgejtd `elle vdcflm tdjmcbe e l”fssejzf `el `mttdjhfgejtd getfidjetmcd. 9.?.? @fllf pejmsdlf moermcf; lf Jdtmcmf `e aesds cfstmhlmfjf

Sm trfttf `m ujf lmstf `m idrgfhhm cdjsugftm jel cdjvejtd `m Sfj Kustd y ^fstdr. Ml `dcugejtd, `ftfomle prdofomlgejte versd ml =2>, bf cfrfttere prftmcd e fttestf uj usd drgfm cdrrejte `el vdlhfre per rehmstrfzmdjm f scdpd utmlmtfrmd.  Jdj `eve `msturofre l”usd `el A per mj`mcfre lf velfre sdr`f; cm trdvmfgd evm`ejtegejte fjcdrf mj ujf ifse `m rmdrhfjmzzfzmdje `el smstegf hrfimcd lftmjd e `m `eimjmzmdje `ellf gd`flmtî `m mj`mcfzmdje `m dcclusmve velfrm. 9.?.3 @fllf pejmsdlf moermcf; lf Jdtmcmf `e imf`dres pdrtdhbese

 ml pmý fjtmcd testd cdjdscmutd scrmttd mj pdrtdhbese, oejcbí sejsmomlgejte pmý tfr`d rmspet rms pettd td fhlm fhlm fltrm fltrm rmpdrt rmpdrtftm ftm,, essej` essej`dd `ftftd `ftftd fl 6685. Sm trftt trfttff `m uj” uj”fjj fjjdtf dtfzmd zmdje je cdjservftf mj ujf perhfgejf `el gdjfsterd `m S. Crmstdvfd `e _md Pmjtd, rmpdrtfjte uj elejcd `m persdjfhhm cbe sm mgpehjfjd f idrjmre ujf hfrfjzmf mj `ejfrd1 lf tm tmpd pdld ldhm hmff sm cdll cdlldc dcff f getî getî st strf rf`f `f tr trff lf gfhh gfhhmd mdre re id idrg rgfl flmt mtîî `e `ell llee id idrg rgee pmý pmý tmpmcfgejte hmurm`mcbe, oej fttestfte f quest”fltezzf crdjdldhmcf mj fref dccmtfjmcf, e le scrmtture scrmtture `m cfrfttere cfrfttere prftmcd prftmcd cdge lf cfrtf jfvfle pmsfjf d lf jdtmcmf `e aesds. aesds. Hlm elegejtm elege jtm vdlhfrm sdjd qum fjcdrf gmjmgm1 gmjmgm1 m prmgm prmgm `dcuge `dcugejtm jtm pdrtdhbesm pdrtdhbesm `m ujf certf cdgplessmtî sdjd `ell”mjmzmd `el RMMM secdld. 9.?.0 @fm Hrmhmdjm

Mj ujd spfzmd omfjcd `el gfjdscrmttd cdjtejejte ml @e Diimcmms `m Cmcerdje, fssmege f` flcu flcujm jm vers verset ettm tm `em `em Yfjhe fjhelm lm cdgpf cdgpfre re ujf ujf or orev evms mssm smgf gf fjjdt fjjdtfz fzmd mdje je mj vd vdlh lhfr free

rdgfjzd flpmjd, l”ujmcf cdsì fjtmcf per questf rehmdje.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Lf pdst pdstml mllf lf,, mj mjte terp rpre retf tftf tf cdjc cdjcdr dr`e `ege gejt jtee cdge cdge ujf ujf se segp gplm lmce ce pr prdv dvff `m pejj pejjf, f, â dvvmfgejte per jdm ejmhgftmcf1 l”mjterpretfzmdje pmý prdofomle if rmiermgejtd fl `ettd hrmhmdjese “fver vdhlmf `m ifr quflcdsf‗. Prf m trfttm lmjhumstmcm jdtevdlm, lf presejzf `m ujf idrgf certfgejte plurfle, cdge cd ge guscbf, sprdvvmstf `m –s gdriegftmcf. 9.3 M Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd

Cdj questd testd sm rehmstrf uj sfltd `m quflmtî epdcfle rmspettd fllf `dcugejtfzmdje `m mjcertf clfssmimcfzmdje trf lftmjd e vdlhfre e rmspettd fll”mjsmege `m testm presm mj esfge, cdstmtumtm `flle prmge tmgm`e fppfrmzmdjm `m scrmtture vdlhfrm, dccfsmdjflm, pdcd strutturfte, `m rm`dttf estejsmdje1 fl cdjtrfrmd, l”fgpmezzf, l”fltf drhfjmzzfzmdje, lf smcurf mjtejzmdjflmtî `ellf cdjservfzmdje stdrmcf, cdjiermscdjd fm Hmurfgejtm ujf  pdsmzmdje `m pregmjejzf fssdlutf. fssdlutf. Cdl jdge `m Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd sm `esmhjf ujf `uplmce idrgulf `m hmurfgejtd mj lmjhue vdlhfrm, mj rdgfjzd e mj hergfjmcd, cdjtejutf jellf Stdrmf `em imhlm `m Lu`dvmcd ml ^md, scrmttf `f Jmtbfr`, letterftd e hrfj`e smhjdre. Lf Bmstdrmf `m Jmtbfr` â cdjservftf `f uj sdld gfjdscrmttd, cdgpmlftd trf ml R e l”RM secdld, trfjsmtftd per  l”foofzmf `m St. Ge`fr` f Sdmssdj gf idrse prdvejmejte `fll”foofzmf `m St. _mqumer  `dve presugmomlgejte sm cdjservfvf l”drmhmjfle futdhrfid `m Jmtbfr`. Lf Bmstdrmf jfrrf le vmcej`e `el cdjilmttd cbe dppdse fllf gdrte `el pf`re, m imhlm `m Lu`dvmcd ml ^md; ^md; Ldtf Ldtfrm rmd, d, Lu`d Lu`dvm vmcd cd ml Herg Hergfj fjmc mcdd e Cfrl Cfrldd ml Cf Cflv lvd. d. Lf huer huerrf rf iu `ecm `ecmsf sf `fll”fllefjzf trf Lu`dvmcd e Cfrld, cbe pdrtÿ fl trfttftd `m Yer`uj (203) cdl qufle l”mgperd cfrdlmjhmd vejje `mvmsd mj gfjmerf `eimjmtmvf mj `ue cdgpdjejtm, ujf dccm`ejtfle, rdgfjzf, fssehjftf f Cfrld e ujf drmejtfle, hergfjmcf, fssehjftf f Lu`dvmcd, sepfrfte lujhd tuttd l”fsse Jdr`-su` `el Gfre `el Jdr` fl Ge`mterfjed `f ujf sdttmle strmscmf `m terrmtdrmd rmgfstf sdttd lf sdvrfjmtî `m Ldtfrmd. ^fssfhhmd essejzmfle versd ml trfttftd `m Yer`uj Yer`uj iu uj mjcdjtrd, fvvejutd f Strfsourhd ml 60 ieoorfmd 20?, trf m `ue irftellm Cfrld e Lu`dvmcd e m rmspettmvm sehumtm e` esercmtm, jel cdrsd `el qufle vejjerd scfgomftm mgpehjm `m ie`eltî1 m `ue sdvrfjm hmurfrdjd cmfscujd jellf lmjhuf `ell”fltrd e qumj`m ie`elm e` esercmtm rmpeterdjd cmfscujd jellf  prdprmf lmjhuf ml ge`esmgd ge`esmgd hmurfgejtd. L `ecmsmdje `m Jmtbfr` `m rmpdrtfre ejtrfgoe le idrgule jelle lmjhue mj cum vejjerd  prdjujcmfte â `el tuttd eccezmdjfle smf rmspettd fllf stdrmdhrfimf `el tegpd, smf fjcbe rmspettd flle idjtm hmurm`mcbe cfrdlmjhme. Ml ifttd `ecmsmvd, qumj`m, â cbe Jmtbfr` foomf rmpdrtftd ml testd jelle `ue re`fzmdjm vdlh vd lhfr frm, m, cdjt cdjtrf rfvv vvej ejej ej`d `d mj gfjm gfjmer erff il ilfh fhrf rfjt jtee fllf fllf cdjv cdjvej ejzm zmdj djee lett letter erfr frmf mf e stdrmdhrfimcf `ell”utmlmzzfzmdje `m uj”ujmcf lmjhuf jellf jfrrfzmdje, fttrfversd lf qufle ifr fjcbe pfrlfre e` evejtuflgejte ifr `mfldhfre m persdjfhhm. Lf sceltf `m Jmtbfr` mjte mjtej` j`ee pr pres esug ugmo moml mlge gejt jtee sdtt sdttdl dlmj mjef efre re l” l”mg mgpdr pdrtf tfjz jzff `ell `ell”f ”fvve vvejm jmge gejt jtd, d, fjcb fjcbee fttrfversd lf cdgpdjejte lmjhumstmcf. Mj eiiettm l”mgpehjd `em `ue imhlm `m Lu`dvmcd ml ^md f hmurfre cmfscujd jellf prdprmf lmjhuf mj`mcf ld svmluppd `m ujf m`ejtmtî etjmcdlmjhumstmcf cdgmjcmfre cdge jfzmdjfle. Le rfhmdj rfhmdjmmcbe `ell”m `elpdtreggd l”mgp gpdrt drtfjz fjzf f fttrmo fttrmoumt umtfff clfssmimcfre fm Hmurfg Hmurfgejt ejtm m jel jell”f l”fgo gomtd mtd `ellf `ellf lmjhum lmjhumst stmcf mcf

stdrmcf rdgfjzf sdjd evm`ejtm; jellf crdjfcf sm esplmcmtf cbe ml `dppmd hmurfgejtd vdlhfre vejje prdjujcmftd mj “lmjhuf rdgfjf‗1 lf precmsmdje fssdlutf jellf `ftfzmdje

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

crdjdtdpmcf cdjiermsce fl repertd uj”evm`ejzf smgodlmcf cum puÿ essere cdgpfrftf sdld quellf `em ^lfcmtm cfgpfjm1 l”fgpmezzf, lf sdlejjmtî e lf cdgplessmtî `el `ettftd `mgdstrfjd ujf fcqumsmtf cdscmejzf `elle pdssmomlmtî espressmve `ellf lmjhuf cdrrejte. Puttd cmÿ bf `f segpre mj`dttd hlm stu`mdsm f ve`ere jem hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd l”fttd uiimcmfle `m jfscmtf `elle lmjhue rdgfjze cdge strugejtd espressmvd evdlutd. Mj refltî essm pdssdjd essere vmstm, secdj`d prdspettmve dvvmfgejte cdgplegejtfrm, tfjtd cdge pujtd `m pfrtejzf trf`mzmdjm scrmttdrme cdge uj cdg pujtd `m frrmvd frr mvd,,ml `dve `dv e cdjilum cdji lumscd scdjd jd `mesperm esp ermejz ejzee eterdh ete rdheje ejeeerdgfjze, jdj segpre segtfjtd pre cderej cde rejtm, tm, cdgpmu pmute te jell”fgomtd `em pmý fjtmcbm rehmstrm lmjhumstmcm mjterge`m irf ml lftmjd e ml vdlhfre. Lf vflutfzmdje sm lehf fl prdolegf `ellf gftrmce lmjhumstmcf m`ejtmimcftf fllf ofse `el testd `em Hmurfgejtm jellf re`fzmdje rdgfjzf (quellf hergfjmcf â clfssmimcfomle cdge irfjcdje rejfjd).  Jdj sdrprej`e, sdprfttuttd `ftd ml tmpd `m testd, cbe sm fvvertf l”mjilussd `m ujf trf`mzmdje lftmjf `m cfjcellermf, `fllf qufle sdjd `ermvfte le idrgule hmurm`mcbe cbe scfj`mscdjd ml `ettftd. Pfle mgprdjtf â fvvertmomle fjcbe jell”dr`mje `elle pfrdle, cbe tej`e f` essere ie`ele fll”fssettd lftmjd, e mj fspettm cdjservftmvm cdge lf resmstejzf fll”mjtrd`uzmdje `m frtmcdlm. L”mgprdjtf L”mgprdjtf lftmjf â `f mjterpretfre cdge ml rmsultftd `m ujf  oej cdgprejsmomle vdldjtî `m cdjiermre fl testd `el hmurfgejtd mj vdlhfre ujf sdlejjmtî idrgfle f`fttf fll”dccfsmdje e cbe evm`ejtegejte jdj erf fssdcmftf, jellf sejsmomlmtî `el tegpd, fllf segplmce e pmfjf espressmdje mj lmjhuf rdgfjf, d lmjhuf rdgfjf rustmcf, secdj`d lf idrgulf mgpmehftf jelle prescrmzmdjm `el Cdjcmlmd `m P Pdurs. durs. Â prdofomle, mjdltre, cbe fjcbe l”fssettd hrfimcd smf `eomtdre f trf`mzmdjm drtdhrfimcbe  pre-cfrdlmje, dssmf relftmve f lftmjd scdrrettd, cbe erfjd stfte prdprme `ellf cfjcellermf gerdvmjhmcf, e cbe vejhdjd estese qum fl vdlhfre sullf ofse `ell”dppdsmzmdje flle rehdle `el lftmjd cfrdlmjhmd rmidrgftd, sullf ofse `m quellf cbe pdtreggd `eimjmre cdge uj”fjfldhmf culturfle. Mj fltrm fspettm `ell”fssettd hrfimcd scdrhmfgd mj`uomtfomlm trfttm dgdhejem cbe sdjd mjvece rmcdj`ucmomlm f ujf culturf hrfimcf vdlhfre e cbe, pur segpre fttrfversd ml imltrd `ellf scrmtturf, cm ifjjd mjtrfve`ere ujf lmjhuf drgfm `ecmsfgejte hflld-rdgfjzf. 9.0 Ml pmý fjtmcd testd letterfrmd irfjcese; lf Sequejzf `m Sfjtf Eulflmf

Sm trfttf `m uj cd`mce perhfgejfced `m 603 idhlm, fssehjfomle fl MR secdld e  prdvejmejte `fl idj`d lmorfrmd `el gdjfsterd oeje`ettmjd oeje`ettmjd `m Sfmjt-Fgfj`, sul cdjimje irfjcd-oelhf. Fllf imje `el cd`mce vejjerd dperfte flcuje fhhmujte `m testm orevm, quellm cbe qum mjteressfjd, `f pfrte `m tre `mverse gfjm tutte fttrmoumomlm su ofse pfledhrfimcf fllf imje `elld stessd secdld MR. Sm trfttf mj tuttd `m qufttrd cdgpdjmgejtm; sul rectd vejje trfscrmttf ujf sequejzf lftmjf `e`mcftf f Sfjtf Eulflmf1 sul retrd `ellf stessf cfrtf vejje trfscrmttf mj sehumtd lf sequejzf vdlhfre `m Sfjtf Eulflmf, cbe rmcflcf l”fssettd getrmcd `el testd lftmjd1 jelld spfzmd fjcdrf `mspdjmomle mj idj`d, ml ge`esmgd fgfjuejse cum sm `eve_ehe l”Eulflmf lf trfscrmzmdje `elsegpre _mtbgus pmfee gegdrmfe Blu`uumcd imlmd mjmzmf Blu`uumcm feque rehms1 sumteutdjmcus ge`esmgm `e idhlm

mgge`mftfgejte f sehumtd `el testd hergfjmcd, uj terzd trfscrmttdre fhhmujse uj fltrf sequejzf lftmjf, `”frhdgejtd segpre relmhmdsd, gf jdj pmý cdjjessf cdj lf gfrtmre

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Eulflmf. Â fltfgejte smhjmimcftmvd cbe m `ue testm vdlhfrm, l”Eulflmf e ml _mtbgus teutdjmcus, l”ujd rdgfjzd e l”fltrd te`escd, smfjd trfscrmttm `fllf stessf gfjd e smfjd stftm cdjservftm cdjhmujtfgejte mj uj cd`mce prdvejmejte `f ujf rehmdje `m cdjimje irf m `ue `dgmjm lmjhumstmcm, `dve presugmomlgejte erf pmý fcutf lf sejsmomlmtî versd le `ue gd`flmtî espressmve, `mstmjte trf ldrd e mj dppdsmzmdje cdj ml rehmstrd pmý elevftd cdstmtumtd `fl lftmjd. Ml _mtbgus cdgpdstd djdrfre re `em successmvd; Irfjcbm Lu`dvmcd, vmjcmtdre  ofttfhlmf `m vejje Sfucdurt `ell”226per e gdrtd pdmml l”fjjd â `ujque `ftfomle`ellf trf m `ue fvvejmgejtm, gejtre l”mjtmtdlfzmdje pmfe gegdrmfe presejte jel gfjdscrmttd cm hfrfjtmsce cbe lf trfscrmzmdje â pdstermdre fllf gdrte. Fll”mjmzmd `el MR secdld â `f rmcdj`urre fjcbe lf `uplmce sequejzf, lftmjf e vdlhfre, su Sfjtf Eulflmf, gfrtmre spfhjdlf `el secdld MMM; mjifttm ml cultd `ellf Sfjtf sm `miiuse `dpd lf scdpertf `el sud presujtd sepdlcrd, fvvejutf jell”282 f Ofrcelldjf. Lf sequejzf â uj tmpd `m cdgpdjmgejtd `ellf trf`mzmdje lftmjf fltd-ge`mevfle, cdjcepmtd f pfrtmre `f ujf ofse gusmcfle cdstmtumtf `f cdppme `m ujmtî smggetrmcbe rmpetute, cum cdrrmspdj`djd jel testd letterfrmd fltrettfjte cdppme `m serme smllfomcbe, clfssmimcfomlm cdge versmcdlm. Lf sequejzf â fllf ofse `m flcuje rmelfodrfzmdjm idrgflm mj cfgpd rdgfjzd, gf jellf suf tmpmzzfzmdje drmhmjfrmf â ujf idrgf pressdcbí esclusmvf `ellf trf`mzmdje lftmjf.  Jdj vm sdjd fltrm esegpm `m sequejzf jellf prd`uzmdje rdgfjzf pmý fjtmcf, smjd f tuttd l”RM secdld; `f questd pujtd `m vmstf sm puÿ sejz”fltrd fiiergfre cbe l”Eulflmf,  prmgd testd letterfrmd rdgfjzd, if usd `m ujf idrgf precmpufgejte lftmjf, jdj `esuetf, gf `m strmjhejte fttuflmtî. Lf sequejzf `m Sfjtf Eulflmf â cdgpdstf `m 60 permd`m rmtgmcm `m lujhbezzf `msehufle, cmfscujd `em quflm â cdstmtumtd `m `ue ujmtî pfrm trf ldrd per cdgputd smllfomcd, lehfte `f fssdjfjzf e cdrrelfte smjtfttmcfgejte qufjtd f svmluppd testufle. Lf strutturf rmcflcf rmcfl cf mj hrfj pfrte quellf quellf `ellf sequejzf lftmjf trfscrmttf trfscrmttf jellf ifccmftf ifccmftf prece`ejte, prece`ejte, tfjtd cbe sm puÿ lehmttmgfgejte pejsfre cbe m `ue cdgpdjmgejtm preve`esserd lf stessf geld`mf. Le `ue sequejze, perÿ, sdjd `mversmssmge `fl pujtd `m vmstf `el cdjtejutd e `ellf strutturf pdetmcf; lf sequejzf lftmjf bf uj”mjtdjfzmdje lmrmcf e uj fj`f fj `fg gejt ejtd qufs qufsmm el eleh ehmmfcd fcd jel jel rmcdr mcdr`d `d `ell `ellff gfr frtm tmre re,, cfjt cfjtff ml vf vflldr dree `el `ellf testmgdjmfjzf `m ie`e per ml cre`ejte, fttmjhe f uj lessmcd pmý rmcercftd1 lf sequejzf vdlhfre bf fl cdjtrfrmd fssettd `ecmsfgejte jfrrftmvd e `escrmve `e scrmve lf iujzmdje esegplfre `el sud gfrtmrmd. Sm pdssdjd mggfhmjfre iujzmdjm `mverse e fjcbe puoolmcm mj pfrte `mstmjtm per le `ue sequejze; quellf vdlhfre, pejsftf idrse per m rustmcm, pdtevf fvere `estmjfzmdje pmý fgpmf rmspettd f quellf, pmý elmtfrmf per lmjhuf e tfhlmd cdgplessmvd, `ellf prdsf lftmjf. F pdcbmssmgm `ecejjm `m `mstfjzf `fm hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd, lf lmjhuf `ell”Eulflmf sm presejtf cdjsm`erevdlgejte pmý jmtm`f. Ml testd esegplmimcf oeje `mverse cfrfttermstmcbe lmjhumstmcbe `ell”fref hflld-rdgfjzf settejtrmdjfle e fjcbe `elle vfrmetî drmejtflm, cdj fspettm prdolegftmcm `m uj certd rmlmevd, jdj pmý, perÿ, cdl hrf`d `m dpfcmtî cdsì jettfgejte fvvertmomle jem Hmurfgejtm. Cd Cdjv jvme meje je prel prelmg mgmj mjfr frge gejt jtee `el fvver fvvsmstegf ertm tmre re `ell `e llff pr pres esej ejzf zf `m flcu fl cujm jm trefttm tmprdprm drtd dr tdhr hrfi fimc mcmm cdjservftmvm jem cdjirdjtm lftmjd, mj sdstfjzf `em vermtrft `eomtm

gfjtejutm fttrfversd lf prftmcf `elld scrmttd, tfldrf cdjservftmsm smjd fm hmdrjm jdstrm. Vufjtd fm iejdgejm, ejtrd ujf smjtfssm drgfm vdlhfre â `f jdtfre cdge trfttd

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

cfrfttermstmcd `ell”Eulflmf l”fssejzf `ell”frtmcdld mj flcujm smjtfhgm cbe pfrreooerd, mjvece, rmcbme`erld. Prfttm rehmdjflm vflldjm, cmdâ esfttfgejte `ellf rehmdje mj cum sm trdv trdvfv fvff ml gdjfs gdjfste terd rd `m Sfmj Sfmjtt Fgfj Fgfj`, `, sm mjtr mjtrec eccm cmfj fjdd f `ftm `ftm cd cdjt jtrf rf``m ``mtd tdrm rm;; `ue iejdg iej dgejm, ejm, mj pfrtmc pfrtmcdlf dlfre, re, jell” jell”Eul Eulflm flmff jdj sdjd sdjd rmcdj` rmcdj`ucm ucmoml omlmm fll fll”fr ”fref ef `mflet `mflettfl tflee vflldje; esmtd `m /af/ mjmzmfle, prdofomlgejte mjilussd `el pmccfr`d, e lf presejzf `m ujf cdjsdjfjte epejtetmcf `m trfjsmzmdje, prdofomle mjilussd lmjhumstmcd drmhmjfrmd `m fref cejtrfle. 9.5 Omlfjcmd

Mjjfjzmtuttd â dppdrtujd rmof`mre lf prmdrmtî crdjdldhmcf `ell”fref hflld-rdgfjzf, mgge`mftfgejte percepmomle fttrfversd l”fccdstfgejtd `em cdgplessm Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd f ujd quflsmfsm `em pmý fjtmcbm repertm `m fltre free. Jdj â certd uj cfsd cbe quellf hflld-rdgfjzf, specme jellf suf pdrzmdje settejtrmdjfle, smf lf rehmdje pmý idrtegejt idrt egejtee mjjdvftmvf mjjdvftmvf ejtrd lf _dgîjmf _dgîjmf fjtmcf fjtmcf e cdstmtums cdstmtumscf cf fjcbe ml jucled cejtrfle cejtrfle `ellf _mjfscmtf Cfrdlmjhmf. M pmý fjtmcbm testm rdgfjzm cdgplessm sdjd rfppresejtftm `f idrgule `m hmurfgejtd; queste idrgule, sdjd idrjmte `m ujf prdprmf futdjdgmf e  prdvvmste fjcbe `m cfrftterm iujzmdjflm/idrgflm precmsm cbe `ermvfjd `f ujf trf`mzmdje hmurm`mcd-cfjcellerescf, e sdjd perfltrd lehfte f cdj`mzmdjm peculmfrm, `flle quflm `mpej`djd mj gfjmerf `etergmjfjte1 sejzf lf presejzf `em rmspettmvm testm-cdjtejmtdre lftmjm, lf crdjfcf `m Jmtbfr` e le sejtejze `em hmu`mcm cfgpfjm, le idrgule vdlhfrm jdj  pdssdjd esmstere. Vueste fjtmcbe `dcugejtfzmdjm `m usd `el vdlhfre rfccbmu`djd, mjdltre, `mversm fspettm essejzmflm `ellf ifse `elle Drmhmjm e` mj pfrtmcdlfre `el prdcessd cbe sm svmluppf trf le prmge fttestfzmdjm rdgfjze e l”fiiergfzmdje `m trf`mzmdjm scrmttdrme vere e prdprme, imjflmzzfte fllf cdjservfzmdje `m testm mj`mpej`ejtm, fm quflm â rm rmcd cdjd jdsc scmu mutf tf quel quellf lf quflm quflmtî tî e spec specmi mimc mcff rm rmle levf vfjz jzff cbe cbe je hmus hmustm tmim imcf cf fppu fppujt jtdd lf trfscr trf scrmzm mzmdje dje.. Vuest Vuestdd prdces prdcessd sd sm cdstru cdstrumsc mscee mjtdrj mjtdrjdd f `ue pfrfge pfrfgetrm trm,, cdj`mzm cdj`mzmdjm djm essejzmflm `ell”fppfrmzmdje `m prmgm testm vdlhfrm e specmflgejte `m prmgm testm letterfrm; lf idrgflmtî `ell”mgpmfjtd testufle e lf suf strettf iujzmdjflmtî rmspettd f imjflmtî espressmve cdgplesse, `f cum `mpej`djd drhfjmzzfzmdjm testuflm rmhdrdse. Jell”fssettd `em cdgpdjmgejtm, fjcbe cdge sm sdjd trfgfj`ftm jem gfjdscrmttm `el tegpd, cmÿ cdrrmspdj`e trf l”fltrd fl cdjsehumgejtd `m uj cfrfttere `m imjmtezzf e cdgpmutezzf, dssmf fllf presejzf `m uj mjmzmd e `m ujf imje. Puttm questm fspettm trdvfjd ujf prmgf reflmzzfzmdje hmî jem pmý fjtmcbm testm letterfrm rdgfjzm cdjservftm. Ml prmgd `m essm, lf Sequejzf `m Sfjtf Eulflmf, cdgpfre hmî fllf imje `m quelld stessd secdld MR cbe foomfgd vmstd fprmrsm sdttd ml rehjd `ellf _midrgf cfrdlmjhmf e `el rmcdjdscmgejtd `em vdlhfrm sfjcmtd `fl Cdjcmlmd `m Pdurs. L”fvvmd `ellf letterfturf mj fref irfjcese, ejtrd ml cdjtestd culturfle pdst-cfrdlmjhmd, segorf `elmjefrsm cdj hrfj`e idrzf e cbmfrezzf jellf sequejzf rfvvmcmjftf Hmurfgejtm `m Strfsourhd- Sequejzf `m Sfjtf Eulflmf. Mj refltî ml cfggmjd sm rmvelf fssfm pmý lejtd e iftmcdsd. L”Eulflmf f`dttf ujf veste idrgfle, getrmcf mjjfjzmtuttd, tmpmcfgejte lftmjf. Servmrî flgejd uj secdld, ml R,  percbí f `eimjmre le prmge sdluzmdjm espressmve pmý prdprmfgejte rdgfjze,sm ecdgmjcmjd uj fltrd fjcdrf, l”RM, percbí queste presejze sm cdjsdlm`mjd, vejej`d f

cdstmtumre lf ofse `m uj smstegf letterfrmd vdlhfre cbe sm gfjmiestf mj tuttf lf suf idrzf mjjdvftmvf f cfvflld trf RM e RMM secdld, dssmf mjtdrjd fll”fjjd 66>>.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

8. Le drmhmjm `elle letterfture rdgfjze

M testm presejtftm jelle pfhmje prece`ejtm cdstmtumscdjd sdjd le ldjtfje pregesse `elle letterfture rdgfjze ge`mevflm1 sm trfttf mjifttm `em prmgm pfssm `m trf`mzmdjm scrmttdrme cbe `mgdstrfjd cbmfrfgejte l'fvvejutd `mstfccd `fl lftmjd. Uj percdrsd fssfm lujhd sepfrf queste prmge prdve `flle vere e prdprme letterfture rdgfjze `el ge`mdevd1 cdge sm â pmý vdlte rmcbmfgftd, questd pfssfhhmd â ujd `ehlm fspettm jd`flm `elle Drmhmjm letterfrme rdgfjze. 8.6  Pegpm, ifsm, tmpdldhme testuflm

@ue tfppe scfj`mscdjd ml percdrsd `m idrgfzmdje `m vere e prdprme trf`mzmdjm letterfrme jell'Dccm`ejte rdgfjzd; lf prmgf, imjd fll'fjjd 6>>> cmrcf, ifttf fjcdrf `m fppfrmzmdjm msdlfte, ujf ifse `m hejesm regdtf1 lf secdj`f, cbe sm svmluppf sull'frcd `el secdld RM per l'fref hflld-rdgfjzf e `em secdlm RM e RMM per quellf moermcf e mtflmfjf1 `urfjte questf secdj`f ifse; f) jell'f jell'fref ref hflldhflld-rdg rdgfjz fjzff le `dcuge `dcugejtf jtfzmd zmdjm jm `m cfrftt cfrfttere ere letter letterfrm frmdd sm mjimttmscdjd e cdjsehudjd fjcbe uj hrf`d jdtevdlmssmgd `m cdgpmutezzf idrgfle, hmujhej`d f` fjjdverfre testm letterfrm `m prmgd lmvelld1  o) mj Moermf e mj Mtflmf f irdjte `m `dcugejtfzmdjm fjcdrf `el tuttd epmsd`mcbe, sm cdgmjcmfjd f `elmjefre le cdj`mzmdjm e le pregesse cdjcrete per ld svmluppd `m ujf prd`uzmdje letterfrmf futdjdgf, cdsf cbe fccf`rî `fllf imje `el secdld RMM e pdm jel RMMM. L'mjsmege `em testm hflld-rdgfjzm fjtermdrm fl RMM secdld â `m fssdlutf rmlevfjzf. Sm trfttf cdgujque `m presejze mj quflcbe gmsurf mjsuiimcmejtm, cbe lfscmfjd uj sejsd `m mjcdgpletezzf. Vuestm cdgpdjmgejtm `em secdlm R e RM, sm cdjcejtrfjd `mifttm mj hejerm `m mspmrfzmdje relmhmdsf; sm trfttf per ld pmý `m testm `estmjftm f` essere cfjtftm, idrsee mj dccfsmdje `m iestmvmt idrs iestmvmtîî e rmcdrrejze. rmcdrrejze. Gfjcfjd mjvece cdgpletfgejte cdgpletfgejte m hejerm 

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 prdifjm, fm lfquflm â fssdcmftf smjtetmcf`'fvvejturf. `elle letterfture rdgfjze ge`mevflm; lmrmcfperfltrd fgdrdsf, le cfjzdjml”mggfhmje `m hestf, m rdgfjzm Eppure questm hejerm (lf lmrmcf, le cfjzdjm `m hestf e ml rdgfjzd) fppfmdjd `m cdlpd gf periettfgejte idrgftm per lmjhuf, stmle, idrge getrmcbe, strutture testuflm cdgplessmve jem rmspettmvm hejerm, jehlm fjjm f cfvflld trf RM e RMM secdld, mjtdrjd, cmdâ, fll'fjjd 66>>. ^er lf lmrmcf e l”epmcf, trf l”fltrd, foomfgd f cbe ifre cdj dpere cbe cdstmtumscdjd pujtm `m rmiermgejtd essejzmflm per scudle letterfrme cbe `f lì sm `mpfrtdjd. @m quflcbe `ecejjmd fjtermdrm, scfhlmdjftm lujhd ml secdld RM, sdjd m testm relmhmdsm vdlhfrm, `m cfrfttere fhmdhrfimcd `m cum sdprf sm pfrlfvf, strettfgejte cdjjessm per flcujm trfttm idrgflm rm rmle levf vfjt jtmm flle flle id idrg rgee jfrr jfrrft ftmv mvee rdgf rdgfjz jzee pr prdi difj fje. e. Mjim Mjimje je,, mjtd mjtdrj rjdd fl 66>>, 6>>, sdjd sdjd `dcugejtftm flcujm testm lmrmcm relmhmdsm cbe fppfmdjd qufsm cdge uj cdjtrfltfre `ellf  prmgf lmrmcf cdrtese fgdrdsf prdifjf svmluppftfsm jellf Irfjcmf cejtrd-dccm`ejtfle. ^er qufjtd cdjcerje ml `mofttmtd cmrcf le Drmhmjm `elle letterfture rdgfjze, dccdrre mjjfjzmtuttd rmcdr`fre cbe cm trdvmfgd mj ujf ifse fjtermdre fll”mjse`mfgejtd stfomle

`em vdlhfr vdlhfrmm jellf jellf trf`mz trf`mzmdj mdjee letter letterfrm frmff scrmtt scrmttf, f, ifse ifse mj cum lf jfscej jfscejte te letter letterftu fturf rf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

rdgfjzf sdld sfltufrmfgejte fcce`e f idrge jdj precfrme `m cdjservfzmdje, cdj ujf  presejzf gdltd idrte, idrse tfldrf esclusmvf, `ell”drflmtî. Fl `m lî `ellf pmý strettf `mgejsmdje `ellf cdlldqumflmtî qudtm`mfjf, `dvevfjd esmstere idrge `m cdgujmcfzmdje gmjmg gmj mgfgej fgejte te strutt strutturf urftf, tf, sejzf sejzf cbe smf pdm pdssm pdssmoml omlee pre precms cmsfre fre ulterm ultermdrg drgejt ejtee ml hmu`mzmd. @dpd l”etî cfrdlmjhmf, e pmý fjcdrf versd e `dpd ml 6>>>, sm puÿ presugere cbe tflm idrge idsserd foofstfjzf `eimjmte e stfomlm, mj rfppdrtd fjcbe cdj lf ldrd jfturf trf`mzmdjfle, seooeje fjcdrf gdltd @fte cdstmtumtm queste cdj`mzmdjm, elegejtm pmý mjteressfjtm `m idrse `mscussmdje sdjd mjsegplmcm. oudjf pfrte `f fspettmhlme  prd`dttm smf `ellf letterfturf lftmjf, smf `elle frtm imhurftmve, dssmf prd`dttm `m trf`mzmdjm cbee erfj cb erfjdd mj hr hrf` f`dd `m fs fssm smcu curf rfre re fl flge gejd jd lf pdss pdssmo moml mlmt mtîî `e `ell llff cd cdjs jser ervf vfzm zmdj dje. e. Mj  pfrtmcdlfre, lf letterfturf lftmjf dperf f `ue lmvellm; cdge trf`mzmdje letterfrmf cdjsdlm`ftf, cum pdssmfgd rfhmdjevdlgejte fttrmoumre lf iujzmdje `m gd`elld, gf fjcbe cdge trf`mzmdje fpertf f tegm cbe fppfrmvfjd lehftm fllf culturf cdrrejte e specm sp ecmim imcf cfge gejt jtee re rece cett ttmv mvff `m mjjd mjjdvf vfzm zmdj djmm idrg idrgfl flm, m, getr getrmc mcbe be mjjf mjjfjz jzmt mtut uttd td,, lehf lehfte te jftmvfgejte flle lmjhue vdlhfrm. 8.? Letterfturf lftmjf g ge`mevfle e`mevfle e jfscmtf `elle trf`mzmdjm vdlhfrm

L”frcd crdjdldhmcd cbe qum cm mjteressf, cbe sm estej`e su uj permd`d cbe vf `fl MR fl RMM secdld, cdrrmspdj`e cdj lf stfhmdje idrse pmý mgpdrtfjte e prd`uttmvf, smf sul  pmfjd quflmtftmvd cbe su quelld qufjtmtftmvd, `ellf letterfturf lftmjf ge`mevfle, cdgp dgpresf trf l”etî cfrdlmjhmf e lf cdsm``et `ettf _mjfs fsccmtf `el RMM secdld. Vueste epdcbe cdrrmspdj`djd f gdgejtm `m hrfj`e creftmvmtî jellf stdrmf `el pejsmerd dccm`e dcc m`ejtf jtfle le e `ellf `ellf prd`uz prd`uzmdj mdjee frtmst frtmstmcf mcf11 â evm`ejt evm`ejte, e, qumj`m qumj`m,, l”mg l”mgpdr pdrtfj tfjzf zf `ellf `ellf relfzmdje `m idj`d cdj le frtm imhurftmve e l”frcbmtetturf stfomlmtd jell”etî rdgfjmcf f  pfrtmre `fl”evdluzmdje jellf sejsmomlmtî e fjcbe `fl cdjirdjtd cdjtmjud cdj gd`ellm fjtmcbm. L”epdcf ”epdcf mj questm questmdje dje,, tr trff MR e RM-RM RM-RMMM secdld secdld,, ve` ve`ee mjjfjzm mjjfjzmtut tuttd td lf rmscd rmscdper pertf tf `em clfssmcm jdj sdld cdge reierejtm hrfggftmcflm, gf fjcbe per lf ldrd quflmtî letterfrmf, lf rm rmdr drhf hfjm jmzz zzfz fzmd mdje je `m om omol olmd mdte tecb cbe, e, l'fv l'fvvm vmdd `m uj ujff pr prfs fssm sm `m stu` stu`md md,, cdg cdgge gejt jtdd e mjterpretfzmdje `em testm cdj`dttf cdj gezzm segpre pmý fpprdidj`mtm e` estesf `flle Sfcre Scrmtture Scrmtture e pftrmstm pftrmstmcbe cbe fhlm fuctdres fjtmcbm e fttej fttejtf tf prdprmd prdprmd fjcbe flle quflmtî quflmtî idrgflm `m questm. Vueste judve fttmvmtî sm trf`ucdjd mj ujf prd`uzmdje vfrmehftf, gdlt gd ltdd rm rmcc ccff e qu qufl flmt mtft ftmv mvfg fgejt ejtee supe superm rmdr dree mj gfjm gfjmer erff jett jettff f quel quellf lf `e `emm se secd cdlm lm  prece`ejtm. Sm pr prec ecms msfj fjdd cdl cdl te tegp gpdd fjcb fjcbee judv judvmm pr prdi diml mlmm mjte mjtell llet ettu tufl flm; m; fc fccf cfjt jtdd f imhu imhure re pmý pmý trf`mzmdjflm `m scrmttdrm `m idrgfzmdje ecclesmfstmcf je cdgpfmdjd fltre clfssmimcfomlm  pmý tmpmcfgejte cdge letterftm, letterftm, pdetm e prdsftdrm1 fhlm st stu`mdsm u`mdsm idrgftmsm mmjj gdjfsterd e f cdld cdldrd rd cbe cbe erfj erfjdd le lehf hftm tm fl flle le pdcb pdcbee cfjc cfjcel elle lerm rmee fltd fltd-g -ge` e`me mevf vflm lm,, sm vejh vejhdj djdd fiimfjcfj`d quellm fttmvm jelle scudle cftte`rflm, jelle cfjcellerme, cbe sm svmluppfjd idrtegejte sdprfttuttd `dpd ml RMM secdld, pdm jelle ujmversmtî; cejtrm tuttm `estmjftm f `dgmj `dg mjfr free emlgd`ellm pr prdi diml mldd culturflm mjte mjtell llet ettu tufl flee cdgpl cdg ples essm smvd `el `el Of Ofss ssddgdltm Ge`m Ge`mdev devd f `eim `eimjm jmre re fgomejtm ejtrd m quflm smvdidrgfrdjd trf m dpmýe mgpdrtfjtm

scrmttdrm mj vdlhfre `em secdlm pmý tfr`m. Sul pmfjd `elle tmpdldhme testuflm, dltre f hejerm hmî fttestftm, cdge le fhmdhrfime e lf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

letterftu letter fturf rf dgmlet dgmletmcf mcf,, vfjjd vfjjd gejzmd gejzmdjft jftee flgejd flgejd lf hrfj`e hrfj`e prd`uz prd`uzmdj mdjee `m pde pdesmf smf rmtgmcf, rmtg mcf, lf pdesmf pdesmf gusmcfle, gusmcfle, l'fppfrmzmdj l'fppfrmzmdjee `m prmge idrge idrge teftrflm teftrflm strutturfte strutturfte quflm svmluppm `rfggfturhmcm mj rfppdrtd cdj iestmvmtî e celeorfzmdjm. ^mý tfr`m cdgpfmdjd rfccdlte `m jfrrfzmdjm mj prdsf, spessd jellf specmimcf iujzmdje `m repertdrm `m rfccdjtm `estmjftm fll'fttmvmtî `em pre`mcftdrm. Fjcbe questf gmjmgf elejcfzmdje `m idrge f vfrmd tmtdld pertmjejtm fllf sierf rdgfjzf if fvvertmre ujd spdstfgejtd `el repertdrmd; `f ujfuj'mjcm`ejzf `dgmjfjzf `m idrge e tmpdldhme lehfte fllfjell'equmlmormd pre`mcfzmdje emjterjd fllf `evdzmdje, sm vf versd fppr fp prez ezzf zfom omle le `m idrg idrgee pm pmýý cdjtr cdjtrdl dllf lfte te e, te tej` j`ej ejzm zmfl flge gejt jte, e, pmý pmý elmt elmtfr frme me,, fj fjcb cbee gfhhmdrgejte cdjjdtfte mj sejsd mj`mvm`ufle, pdrtftrmcm mj dhjm gd`d `m ujf quflmtî idrg idrgfl flee supe superm rmdr dre, e, fspe fspett ttdd ques quest't'ul ultm tmgd gd cbe cbe fppf fppfre re cdge cdge `fvv `fvver erdd `ecm `ecmsm smvd vd.. 8.3 Pestm Pestm ge`mdlftmjm cdge ttrfcce rfcce pdssmomlm `m trf`mzmdjm vdlhfrm

Ejtrd lf _dgîjmf e jem vmcmjm terrmtdrm te`escbm, flcujm testm lftmjm `el R e `ell'RM secdld, e pdm fjcbe `el RMM, pfmdjd ecbehhmfre tegm e idrge peculmfrm `ellf letterfturf rdgfjzf rdg fjzf;; presej presejze ze mjterp mjterpret retfte fte fppujt fppujtdd quflm quflm mgprd mgprdjte jte lfscmf lfscmfte te `f testm testm vdl vdlhfr hfrm, m, rdgfjzm rdgf jzm e hergfjmcm, hergfjmcm, flldrf esmstejtm esmstejtm e pdm perÿ svfjmtm, jdj `mrettfgej `mrettfgejte te cdjservftm cdjservftm cdge tflm. Eccd flcuje `m queste trfcce d mgprdjte; Lf Jdtf Egmlmfjejsms; uj oreve testd lftmjd rmjvejutd mj uj gfjdscrmttd cfstmhlmfjd prdvejmejte `fl gdjfsterd `m Sfj Gmlfj, jellf _mdkf, jel qufle ujd scrmve scr mvejte jte,, verdsm verdsmgm gmlge lgejte jte uj gdjfcd gdjfcd,, `ellf `ellf sec secdj` dj`ff get getîî `ell'R `ell'RMM secdld secdld,,  prdofomlgejte versd ml 6>8>, rmpdrtf mj lftmjd ld scbegf jfrrftmvd `m uj rfccdjtd `m cfrfttere epmcd relftmvd f` ujf spe`mzmdje mj Spfhjf `f pfrte `m Cfrld Gfhjd, cdjclusf cdj ujf ofttfhlmf jellf qufle gudre l'erde _dlfj`d. Lf trfgf cdrrmspdj`e oeje fll'fssettd hejerfle `ellf Cbfjsdj `e _dlfj` irfjcese, `m cum sm cdjservf ujf re`fzmdje fttrmoumomle fhlm fjjm 6>8>-6>=> cmrcf. Sm trfttf  pdcd pmý cbe `m uj fppujtd, verhftd mj scrmtturf gdltd pdsftf e mjsermtd cdj hrfj`e fttejzmdje mj ujd spfzmd `mspdjmomle jel cd`mce. L'mjtejzmdjflmtî `ellf cdjservfzmdje â mj questd cfsd mj`uoomf. Jell'elejcd `em hrfj`m smhjdrm cbe fttdrjmfjd Cfrld Gfhjd cdgpfmdjd, fccfjtd fm prdtfhdjmstm `el _dlfj`, fjcbe  persdjfhhm cbe jdj imhurfjd fiifttd jellf Cbfjsdj irfjcese cdjservftf e cbe sdjd sd jd mj mjve vece ce pr prdt dtfh fhdj djms mstm tm `m fl fltr tree cfjz cfjzdj djmm d `m mjte mjterm rm cmcl cmclmm `m cf cfjz jzdj djm. m. Lf pmý fjtmcf versmdje cdjservftf `ellf Cbfjsdj `e _dlfj` â trfsgessf `f uj gfjdscrmttd fjhldjdrgfjjd `ellf secdj`f getî `el RMM secdld, gf, sullf ofse `m ujf ujf serm sermee `m fl fllu lusm smdj djmm mjte mjterj rjee f ludh ludhbm bm e f` fvve fvvejm jmg gejtm ejtm,, l”ep l”epdc dcff `m cdgpdsmzmdje `el pdegf â rmtejutf hejerflgejte `f rmpdrtfre fllf imje `ell'RM secdld, fll'mjcmrcf f uj secdld prmgf `el cd`mce cbe lf cdjservf e hrdssd gd`d fllf fllf stes stessf sf et etîî `ell `ellff jdtf jdtf egml egmlmf mfje jejs jse. e. F ir irdj djte te `m qu ques estf tf re retr trd` d`ft ftfz fzmd mdje je l'l'mg mgpd pdrt rtfj fjzf zf `m ques quest't'ul ultm tmgf gf pdtr pdtreo eooe oe fppf fppfrm rmre re fs fssf sfmm sgmj sgmjum umtf tf,, qufs qufsmm 

trfscurfomle. L”esmstejzf `ellf Jdtf, tuttfvmf, â uj `ftd mj quflcbe gd`d îjcdrfL”esmstejzf f uj rmiermgejtd smcurd lf stdrmf `el pdsmtmvd, _dlfj`1 cbe essf, mjdltre,

evm`ejzmf uj prdcessd `m elfodrfzmdje `m uj jucled lehhej`frmd `urfjte ml qufle quf le bfjjd bfjjd cdjvms cdjvmssut sutdd versm versmdjm djm fjcbe fjcbe sejsmo sejsmomlg mlgejt ejtee `miier `miierejzm ejzmfte fte `ellf `ellf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

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ge`esmgf stdrmf. Ml Irfggejtd `ell'Fmf; trfsgessd, mjcdgpletd `ell'mjmzmd, `f uj gfjdscrmttd cbe bf le `mgejsmdjm tmpmcbe `m uj quf`erjd pmccdld, `ftfomle fll'mjmzmd `ell'RM secdld e fssehjfomle su ofsm pfledhrfimcbe fllf Irfjcmf settejtrmdjfle. Â ml iruttd `m uj esercmzmd scdlfstmcd, cdjsmstejte jellf prdsmimcfzmdje `m pdrzmdjm cdjsecutmve `m uj testd getrmcd fltrmgejtm scdjdscmutd, uj pdegf epmcd lftmjd

mj esfgetrmjelle cbe `escrmve l”fssfltd fCfrld ujf cmttî idrtmimcftf cdj scejecbe `'fsse`md  ofttfhlmf quflm cdgpfmdjd Gfhjd e persdjfhhm sfrfjjde  prdtfhdjmstm `el cdgplessd `m cfjzdjm `m hestf irfjcesm mgperjmfte su Huhlmelgd `'Drfjhe. L'fzmdje sm svmluppf secdj`d geccfjmsgm smgmlm f quellm `ell'Epmcf irfjcese, ml testd â perÿ ml rmsultftd `m ujf elfodrfzmdje `m tmpd clfssmcbehhmfjte cdj prestmtm irequejtm `f Ymrhmlmd, `f Lucfjd e `f Dvm`md. Ml irfggejtd lfscmf mjtrfve`ere lf pdssmomlmtî `m ujf ifse gdltd fjtmcf `m gessf mj id idrg rgff `m tegm tegm epmc epmcmm ge`m ge`mev evfl flm, m, `” `”mg mgpr prdj djtf tf cdgpl cdgples essm smvfg vfgejt ejtee vdlh vdlhfr free jell”frhdgejtd. F queste testmgdjmfjze `m fref rdgfjzf se je pdssdjd fccdstfre `ue `m fref te`escf, rfppresejtfte `f fgpm pdegm lftmjm, ml Xfltbfrmus e ml _ud`lmeo, rmspettmvfgejte `el R e `ell'RM secdld, ejtrfgom `m drmhmje gdjfstmcf. Ml prmgd â ujf rmelfodrfzmdje mj idrgf epmcf `m mgpmfjtd vmrhmlmfjd `m tegm cbe cdgpfmdjd jell'fjtmcd irfggejtd `m Bml`eorfj`slme`, ml secdj`d uj foodzzd `m pdegf epmcd-cfvfllerescd jel qufle sm cdgmjcmf f scdrhere ujf certf mgprdjtf cdrtese. Mj cfgpd lmrmcd, vfrme pdesme lftmje `fll'RM secdld mj pdm `mgdstrfjd lf prdhressmvf fiiergfzmdje `m ujf vejf fgdrdsf, sdstfjzmflgejte `mversf `fll'fjtmcf lmrmcf erdtmcf clfssmcf e perÿ cdgpfrfomle sdld pfrzmflgejte fjcbe cdj lf lmrmcf cdrtese rdgfjzf cbe sm fiie fiierg rgff f pfrt pfrtmr mree `fl `fl RMM RMM se secd cdld ld.. Sehj Sehjfl fldd flcu flcuje je trf trf le test testmg mgdj djmf mfjz jzee pmý pmý smhjmimcftmve; Cdj ml jdge `m Cfrgmjf Cfjtformhejsmf sm `esmhjf ujf cdllezmdje gmscellfjef `m pdesm pdesmff lmrm lmrmcf cf `ell `ellff getî getî `el `el secd secdld ld RM, RM, re re`f `ftt ttff su sull llff ofse ofse `m mjte mjtere ress ssmm  prevflejtegejte gusmcflm. Ml gfjdscrmttd â `m iftturf mjhlese, gf lf cdjiezmdje 

`ell'fjtdldhmf judvd rmpdrtf f` hergfjmcf _ejfjf, oejcbí m testm sm smfj fjdd pdm pdm `m `m pr prdv dvej ejme mejz jzf f svfr svfrmf mftf tfuj'fref e flge flgejd jd mj pfrt pfrte e rmsf rmsfle lejt jtmm fl se secd cdld ld  prece`ejte. Fccfjtd f `mverse cdgpdsmzmdjm relmhmdse, imhurfjd jellf selezmdje flcuje pdesme prdifje, trf cum spmccfjd `ue cdgpdjmgejtm celeorm e `m hrfj`e elehfjzf, uj mjvmtd f uj mjcdjtrd fgdrdsd e uj cfjtd `'fgdre mj vdce `m `djjf fper fp ertd td `f uj es esdr dr`m `mdd pr prmg mgfv fver erml mle. e. Flcu Flcuje je cdjs cdjsdj djfj fjze ze cdj cdj lf su succ cces essm smvf vf trf`mzmdje rdgfjzf sdjd pflesm jem `ue Cfrgmjf `m Cfgorm`he, per esegpmd jell je llff pr pres esej ejtf tfzm zmdj djee `el `el te tegf gf pr prmg mgfv fver erml mle; e; sm trft trfttf tf pe perÿ rÿ `m fi fiim imjm jmtî tî sdld sdld hejermcbe e mj ejtrfgom m cfsm ml tmpd `m sdhhettmvmtî cbe vm sm esprmge jdj bf rmscd mscdjt jtrrd pr prft ftmmcd jel jellf lmrm lmrmcf cf vdl vdlhfre hfre.. Â mjve mjvece ce pds pdssmom momle cb cbee ques questte sdg sd gmh mhlm lmfj fjze ze,, dltr dltree cbe cbe `fll `fllff cdj` cdj`mv mvms msmd mdje je `m flcu flcujm jm fr frcb cbet etmp mpmm cu cult ltur urfl flmm cdgplessmvm, `mpej`fjd `fllf remjterpretfzmdje mj cbmfve lftmjf, qumj`m ejtrd ujf trf`mzmdje letterfrmf lftmjf, `m tegm cdrrejtm mj ujf pdssmomle prd`uzmdje

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rdg rdgfjzf fjzf sdgg sdgger ersf sf,, cert certfg fgej ejte te jdj jdj fjcd fjcdrf rf `m lmve lmvell lldd fr frtm tmst stmc mcdd e jdj jdj clfssmimcfomle cdj smcurezzf cdge letterfrmf. Uj certd mjteresse bfjjd fjcbe m Cfrgmjf `ell'Fjdjmgd mjjfgdrftd `m _mpdll;

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

uj gdjfcd scdjdscmutd, prdofomlgejte `m drmhmje irfjcese, versd lf getî `el RMMM secd RM secdld ld mjse mjserì rì mj uj gfjd gfjdsc scrm rmtt ttdd `ell `ell'f 'foo oofzm fzmff cf cftf tflf lfjf jf `m _mpd _mpdll ll uj ujff cdll cd llez ezmd mdje je `m pdes pdesme me fgdr fgdrds dsee lf lftm tmje je,, se seg gplmc plmcmm jell jell'f 'fss sset ettd td e `f `fmm trft trfttm tm  pdpdlfrehhmfjtm. Mj sehumtd, jel cdrsd `el RMM secdld, sm `elmjef uj”ultermdre cdrrejte `m prd`uzmdje ge`mdlftmjf cbe sm `mgdstrf `mpej`ejte per tegm e per idrge `fllf letterfturf prdifjf rdg rd gfjzf fjzf `el `el mltegp tetrfttftd gpd; d; sm rmcd cdr` r`mj mjd`m d Fj`ref fl flg gejd ejd Cfppellfjd ml pdeg pdeget ettd td jd td cd cdg ge Cdjc Cdjcml md `m _egmregdjt, @e rm Fgdre F j`ref e lejdtd vfrme rmscrmtture mjmlmd lftmjd `m dpere vdlhfrm. Â dppdrtujd, tuttfvmf, sehjflfre cbe gejtre per m secdlm fjtermdrm fl RMM jdj foomfgd cbe trfcce `mscdjtmjue e jdj `el tuttd cderejtm `m prd`uzmdje letterfrmf rdgfjzf, per ml RMM secdld cm trdvmfgd `m irdjte f` ujf prd`uzmdje vdlhfre cbe â, sm, `m drmhmje fjcdrf sdld hflld-rdgfjzf, gf cbe perÿ `mgdstrf `m fvere hd`utd `m `miiusmdje reflgejte eurd eu rdpe peff e cbe cbe sm cdji cdjimh mhur urff cdj cdj cfrf cfrftt tter ermm `m pd pdte tejt jtee dr drmh mhmj mjfl flmt mtîî mjjd mjjdvf vftm tmvf vf.. 8.0 Pestmgdjmfjze Pestmgdjmfjze mcdjdhrfimcbe

F quelle quelle `m cfrftt cfrfttere ere letter letterfrm frmd, d, sm fhhmuj fhhmujhdj hdjdd testmg testmgdjm djmfjz fjzee mj`mre mj`mrette tte,, fll fllusm usmdjm djm,, rmie rmierm rmg gejtm ejtm mj dper dperee st stdr drmc mcbe be e `dcu `dcug gejtm ejtm.. ^f ^frt rtmc mcdl dlfr frge gejt jtee jdte jdtevd vdlm lm sd sdjd jd le testmgdjmfjze mcdjdhrfimcbe, trf le quflm se je sehjflfjd tre mtflmfje, `m specmflmssmgf rmlevfjzf smf per l'epdcf smf per le trf`mzmdjm letterfrme cum sm rmierms rmiermscdjd. cdjd. F Jepm Jepm (Ymt (Ymter erod od), ), uj'm uj'msc scrm rmzm zmdj djee `el `el 6636 636 utm utmlmzz lmzzff ml jd jdg ge `m Hf Hfjd jd,,  prdtfhdjmstf jehftmvd `ellf Cbfjsdj `e _dlfj`, cdge pfrf`mhgf `ellf imhurf `el trf`mtdre. F Yerdjf ujf `elle stftue cbe `ecdrfjd ml pdrtfle cejtrfle `ellf cbmesf `m Sfj [ejd, `el 669¾ cmrcf, rfiimhurf _dlfj` mj frgfturf e cdj lf prdprmf spf`f; fttestfzmdje precdce `ellf idrtujf `ellf lehhej`f _dlfj`mfjf mj ujf rehm rehmdj djee `fll `fllff qufl quflee hmuj hmujhd hdjd jd,, cm cmrc rcff uj se secd cdld ld `d `dpd pd,, `ue `ue mgpd mgpdrt rtfj fjtm tm rmgfjehhmfgejtm mj irfjcd-vejetd `ellf cbfjsdj fjtmcf. 

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Fjcdrf pmý jdtevdle â lf rfiimhurfzmdje sull'frcbmvdltd `el pdrtfle lfterfle settejtrmdjfle `el @udgd `m Gd`ejf, `ftfomle fllf prmgf getî `el RMM secd secdld ld,, jell jellff qufle qufle sdjd sdjd rf rfiiim imhur hurft ftmm flcu flcujm jm pe pers rsdj djfhh fhhmm `e `ell llff lehh lehhej ej`f `f frturmfjf; Frturd, Hflvfjd e fltrm cfvflmerm sm `mrmhdjd versd uj cfstelld, idrgftd `f ujf tdrre cejtrfle mj pmetrf cmrcdj`ftf `f uj idssftd e `f tdrrm mj lehjd, jel qufle Gfr`dc tmeje rmjcbmusf Hmjevrf e sm prepfrfjd f` fssflmre `f `ue `ue lf lftm tm lf idrt idrtmi mimc mcfz fzmd mdje je.. Ml jucl jucled ed tegf tegftm tmcd cd puÿ puÿ cd cdrr rrms mspd pdj` j`er eree fl rdgfjzd `m Cbretmej `e Prdyes, jel qufle Lfjcmlldttd sm mgpehjf jellf rmcercf `m Hmjevrf, rfpmtf `f ujd scdjdscmutd. Cdj ml ofssdrmlmevd `m Gd`ejf smfgd gdltd prmgf `m Cbretmej e prmgf `ellf `ecmsmvf idrgflmzzfzmdje letterfrmf, mj lftmjd, `ellf lehhej`f frturmfjf, lf Bmstdrmf _ehug Ormtfjjmfe `m Hdi Hdiir ire` e`dd `m Gdjt Gdjtg gdutb dutb,, cdj cdj lf qufl quflee vmej vmejee rmpr rmpres esdd e tdtf tdtflg lgej ejte te remjvejtftd ml persdjfhhmd `m Frtý. Smfgd f Gd`ejf, lujhd lf vmf Egmlmf e

`ujque tfppf mgpdrtfjte lujhd lf strf`f cbe cdj`ucevf `fllf Irfjcmf versd _dgf e versd m `dgmjm jdrgfjjm `m recejte fcqumsmzmdje jell'Mtflmf `el su`, cbe trf l'fltrd cdgprej`evfjd ujf `el `elle pmý mg mgppdrtfjtm gete `m

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

 pellehrmjfhhmd ge`mevflm, ml sfjtufrmd `m Sfj Gmcbele fl Hfrhfjd. M rmscdjtrm cmrcf l'esmstejzf `m questd fsse sdjd jugerdsm; f Dtrfjtd, jel gdsfmcd fosm`fle `ellf cftte`rfle trdvmfgd uj”fltrf fjtmcf rfiimhurfzmdje `m Frtý1 e mj cbmese `ellf ^uhlmf jdrgfjjf sdjd `mverse fjtmcbe rfiimhurfzmdjm `m sdhhettd epmcd. F Gd`ejf `ujque, jel gdgejtd `el rmifcmgejtd `el @udgd `f pfrte `m ujd `em pmý smhjmimcftmvm frtmstm `el tegpd, Xmlmhelgd, sm `ecmse `m mjsermre cdgeecfeleg cdg eleegejt d `ecd `eecdrf rftm tmvd vd eg oleg egft ftmc mcdfd gftrmce uj gdgej gdg ejtd tdfjf, `m gf uj ujff`m lehhe le hhej` j`ffe esdtm esdtmcf `m ejtd mjcertf per jdm egol fssfm `uoomf `uoom crmstmfjf, crmstm cfrfttere cfrftter tfle tfle `f hd`e hd`ere re,, pr pres esug ugmo moml mlge gejt jte, e, ml if ifvd vdre re `em `em ie ie`el `elmm e `m mjcd mjcdjt jtrf rfre re l”fccettfzmdje `ellf cdggmttejzf1 ml tuttd fjcdrf prmgf cbe jelle rehmdjm `m drmhmje `ellf lehhej`f stessf sm hmujhesse f` ujf suf gessf mj idrgf letterfrmf. L'frcbmvdltd `m Gd`ejf â ujf `mgdstrfzmdje eccezmdjfle `ell'esmstejzf f quel qu el gdgej dgejtd td `m vme vme lujh lujhdd le qufl quflmm pe perr l'D l'Dccm` ccm`ej ejtte ge`me e`mevf vflle sm `miidj`evfjd lehhej`e e stdrme, trf le quflm ve`mfgd cdgpfrmre fjcbe flcujm `em cfpmtdlm idj`fjtm `ellf letterfturf ge`mevfle. Le stesse vme cm testmgdjmfjd, fttrfversd rmcercbe djdgfstmcbe, lf `miiusmdje mj lfrhf  pfrte `”Eurdpf, f pfrtmre `fllf secdj`f getî `ell'RM secdld, `m jdgm `m persdjfhhm mgpdrtfjtm `ell'epmcf irfjcese; egolegftmcd trf tuttm ml cfsd `elle cdppme `m irftellm  ofttezzftm cdge _dlfj`d e Dlmvmerm, `fl jdge `ehlm erdm `m quellf cbe â per jdm lf cbfjsdj `e _dlfj`. Â cbmfrd cbe f pfrtmre `fllf getî `el secdld RM cdgmjcmfjd f  presejtfrsm cdj`mzmdjm ifvdrevdlm fll'fccdhlmejzf e fll'elfodrfzmdje futdjdgf `m spujtm, `m tegm, `m stdrme, cbe prdofomlgejte fvevfjd fjcbe fvutd ujf vmtf fjtmcf  pressd vfrme hejtm, cdge pfrte `el ldrd pftrmgdjmd culturfle trf`mzmdjfle; cdsì certfgejte ld spujtd stdrmcd-jfrrftmvd relftmvd f` Frtý, cdsì fjcbe lf stdrmf `m _dlfj` e le vfrme trf`mzmdjm `m etî cfrdlmjhmf e pdst-cfrdlmjhmf cbe rmilumscdjd jelle cfjzdjm `m hestf `el RMM secdld. Vues Vu estm tm st stf` f`mm fjte fjterm rmdr drmm fm te test stmm cdjs cdjser ervf vftm tm e `ujq `ujque ue lf if ifse se `m he hest stfz fzmd mdje je cbe cbe cdrrmspdj`e fm secdlm R-RM jdj sdjd cbe ml iruttd `m rmcdstruzmdjm mj lfrhf gmsurf mpd mpdtet tetmcb mcbe. e. Fle fll”fiiergfrsm cdjtr cdjtrfrm frmd, d, jel `mRMM RMtestm M secdld secprdvvmstm dld fssmst fssmstmfg d, prdprmf mj rfp rfpm`m m`mssm ssmgf gf prdhre prd hressm ssmdje dje, fll”egerhere `mmfgd, ujf pmejezzf idrgfle, per , qufjtd spessd fjcdrf spermgejtflm e `estmjftm f` essere prestd sdppmfjtftm `f prd`dttm  pmý evdlutm. Jel RMM secdld, m testm cbe cm fppfmdjd dhhm cdge m cfpdstmpmtm `ellf judvf letterfturf rdgfjzf cmrcdlfjd fgpmfgejte e vejhdjd fccdltm, gfhfrm fjcbe hrfzme f` uj gmjmgd ifscmjd `”esdtmcd e `m strfjmerd, mj ludhbm fjcbe ldjtfjm `f quellm `m drmhmje e `f ldrd `mssmgmlm per lmjhuf e per culturf. Le cdj`mzmdjm e ml clmgf culturfle `ell'Dccm`ejte sdjd ifvdrevdlm f questm scfgom e cdjtfttm; e fjcbe questf â trf le  pregesse `ell”fiiergfzmdje `ell”fiiergfzmdje `m judve letterfture rdgfjze cdge pfrte `m ujf _mjfscmtf `el RMM secdld. 8.5 Mpdtesm f cdjirdjtd cdji rdjtd sul tegf `elle drmhmjm `elle letterfture rdgfjze

Sullf ofse `elle cdj`mzmdjm `em secdlm R RM e tejej`d cdjtd `elle trfcce mj testm lftmjm e `elle ultermdrm testmgdjmfjze mj`mrette e rfppdrtfj`d tuttd questd cdj le idrge `em testm letterfrm vdlhfrm cdjservftm f pfrtmre `fl secdld RM e pdm sdprfttuttd `fl secdld

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

RMM, sdjd stftm idrg idrgulftm ulftm `ue scbegm scbegm hejerflm hejerflm `m mjter mjterpret pretfzmdje fzmdje `ellf hejesm `elle letterfture rdgfjze e sm sdjd mj`mvm`uftm m sehuejtm gd`ellm `m Drmhmjm letterfrme rdgfjze; uj gd`elld `dttd e relmhmdsd d clermcfle, cdj rmiermgejtd fhlm fgomejtm scdlfstm scdlfstmcm cm e gdjfstmcm e fttrmouzmdje `m vfldre idrgftmvd flle prdve `m letterfturf relmhmdsf cdjservftf per m secdlm R-RM, elfodrfte f pfrtmre `f esegpm lftmjm e pdm utmlmzzfte 

f ldrd vdltf cdge gd`ellm e pujtm `m rmiermgejtd prdifjm1 e uj gd`elld pdpdlfre, `el tuttd dppdstd fl prmgd,per `elcdgpdjmgejtm qufle rmofltf crdjdldhmf rfppdrtm1 esfltf lf iujzmdje `ellf trf`mzmdje pdpdlfre, `ujque `ellf gegdrmf e `elll'dr `e l'drfl flmt mtî, î, cdg cdge vemc vemcdl dldd `m trf rfsg sgms msssmdje mdje `em `em ju jucl clem em teg egft ftmc mcmm e `em `em cdgpdjmgejtm stessm. Lf prmgf mpdtesm â `ecmsfgejte letterfrmf, mj qufjtd if rmiermgejtd f` uj `uplmce strutturfle mjtervejtd `ellf trf`mzmdje cdltf e scrmttf. F` essf â fssdcmftf lf iujzmdje `m gd`elld fttmvd, cbe dperf fl lmvelld smf `ellf cdgpdsmzmdje mj lmjhuf vdlhfre mj fgom fg omej ejtm tm cdlt cdltm, m, smf smf `ell `ellff stes stessf sf tr trfs fsgm gmss ssmd mdje je `e `emm test testm. m. Mj ques questf tf pr prds dspe pett ttmv mvf, f, le letterfture rdgfjze vejhdjd vmste cdge ujd svmluppd `el gdvmgejtd cbe cdgmjcmf cdj lf rmjfscmtf cfrdlmjhmf e `elle evdluzmdjm jel smstegf culturfle lftmjd f pfrtmre `fllf imje `ell'RM secdld. Lf secd secdj` j`ff mpdt mpdtes esm, m, fl cdjt cdjtrf rfrm rmd, d, pr pres escm cmj` j`ee `fll `fllff lett letter erft ftur urf, f, mj qu qufj fjtd td tej` tej`ee f svmjcdlfre lf ifse `m hejesm `ellf cdgpdjejte cdltf, letterfrmf e scrmttf, lf qufle mjterverreooe sdld jelle ifsm imjflm e fvreooe cdsì iujzmdje prdpdrzmdjflgejte pdcd rmlevfjte, jdj `ecmsmvf, e cdgpdrtereooe, fttrfversd lf gessf mj idrgf hrfzme fllf ge`m ge `mfz fzmd mdje je cdj cdj ml lmve lmvell lldd le lett tter erfr frmd md fl fltd td,, uj ce cert rtdd hr hrf` f`dd flgej flgejdd pdtej pdtejzm zmfl flee `m `mstdrsmdje `ellf trf`mzmdje pre-letterfrmf vdlhfre. Sejz Se jzff f``e f``ejt jtrf rfrc rcmm mj uj”f uj”fjf jflm lmsm sm spec specmi mimc mcff `ell `ellee `u `uee tesm tesm qum qum sc scbe begf gftm tmcfg cfgej ejte te  presejtfte, sm puÿ tejtfre tejtfre ujf ge`mfzmdje prftmcf su pmý pmfjm; lf hejte `el ge`mdevd bf rfccdjtftd, cfjtftd, ofllftd1 l'bf ifttd cdj testm cbe `doomfgd mggfhmjfre lehftm fllf lmjhuf cdrrejte e prdvvmstm `m ujf flgejd ru ru`m `mge gejt jtfle fle stru strutt ttur urff getr getrmc mcff e ml cum cum cdj cdjte teju jutd td puÿ puÿ es esse sere re if ifcm cmlg lgejt ejtee 

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mgg mggfhm fhmjft jftd; d; ieste ieshuerre te rmtufl rmtuflm, m, cre`ej crevmf. `ejze, ze, gmtm gmt `”f `”fsce scej`e j`ejzf jzfifjjd pfhfjf pfhfie`e jf esuiimcmejte crmst crmstmfj mfjf, f, fgdre, mgprese, e cdsì Cmrcf lf mldrd esmstejzf, le rmcdrrejtm fggdjmzmdjm ecclesmfstmcbe cdjtrd m cfjtm fgdrdsm d lehftm flle trf`mzmdjm idlaldrmcbe. Puttfvmf, qufjtd f cdjtejutm e fssettm testuflm `m questm cdgpdjmgejtm â lecmtd `mre gdltd pdcd e mj pfrtmcdlfre omsdhjf fstejersm `fl `erm `e rmvf vfre re `e`u `e`uzm zmdj djmm st strm rmjh jhej ejtm tm `f fppf fppfrm rmzm zmdj djmm mj epdc epdcbe be succ succes essm smve ve `m cdgpdsmzmdjm `m lmvelld ofssd, le quflm gdltd prdofomlgejte sdjd ml rmsultftd `m ujf revmsmdje idrgfle fttrfversd ml cdjtfttd cdj uj lmvelld cdscmejte e fltfgejte stmlmzzftd `m scrmtturf fltf. @'fltrf pfrte `eve essere `ftf per scdjtftf lf presejzf `m uj idj`d tegftmcd `m tmpd trf`mzmdjfle, pdssmomlgejte fssdcmftd f prdprme gd`fl d`flmmtî espr espres esssmv mve, e, qum qumj`m j`m f idr drg ge1 ques questf tf cd cdg gpdje pdjejt jtee `m idj`d dj`d â clfssmimcfomle se vdhlmfgd cdge pdpdlfre, fvej`d oej cbmfrd cbe jdj sm trfttf fssdlutfgejte `m ujf `mgejsmdje cmrcdscrmttf flle sdle clfssm mjiermdrm1

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qufle esegpmd `em irequejtm rmiermgejtm f cdj`fjje `m hmullfrm e `m cfjtmlejfe, â mgpdrtfjte lf settmgf `elmoerfzmdje `el Cdjcmlmd `m Pdpurs, `ell'fjjd 263.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Vuestm hmullfrm erfjd pdrtftdrm `m uj'espressmdje drfle jdj jecessfrmfgejte sdld vdlh vd lhfr fre; e; ejtr ejtrdd ce cert rtmm lmgm lmgmtm tm e mj fgom fgomej ejtm tm pmý pmý cd cdlt ltmm d lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcfg fgej ejte te pmý pmý cdjservftmvm, cdge l'Mtflmf per esegpmd, ml lftmjd pdtevf fjcdrf essere utmlmzzftd, gfhfrm fll'dccdrrejzf stdrpmftd e f`fttftd fll'usd ldcfle, fvej`d `fllf suf l”mggejsd vfjtfhhmd `ftd `fll'essere strugejtd prftmcd e lfrhfgejte cdj`mvmsd `m cdgujmcfzmdje, per `eimjmzmdje sdvrfjfzmdjfle1 

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smj qum rmpdrtfjd cm trdvmfgd fll'mjterjd `m ujf `mgejsmdje ef questf fjcbe le jdtmzme cmrcf hmullfrm e prdofomlgejte smgmlm1 mjvece sdld m testmdrfle fjtmcbm cdjservftm cdjser vftm bfjjd uj'mj`uoomf uj'mj`uoomf cdgpdjejte cdgpdjejte letterfrm letterfrmff mj sejsd prdprmd prdprmd,, cbe jdj  puÿ essere cdjsm`erftf cdj sm`erftf sdld cdge rmsultftd `m uj'ultmgf gessf mj idrgf imjfle. Sm trfttf `m strutture cdgplesse e idrtegejte cdese, f pfrtmre `flle quflm jdj â lecmtd estrfpdlfre idrge testuflm drmhmjfrme f gmjdre d julld cdjtejutd `m letterfrmetî1 ml cdjimje trf `dttd e cdltd, `f uj lftd, e trf`mzmdjfle e pdpdlfre `fll'fltrd, ml cdjimje, cmdâ, trf scrmttd e drfle, â ml lfrhf gmsurf frtmimcmdsd1 le `ue refltî sdjd f cdjtfttd e lf stessf rfhmdje `'essere `m tmpdldhme testuflm cdjservfte `f epdcf foofstfjzf precdce fjcbe mj veste rdgfjzf, cdge l”fhmdhrfimf e le lmrmcbe relmhmdse lehfte f pfrtmcdlfrm rmcdrrejze, `mgdstrf l'mjterscfgomd trf le `ue `mgejsmdjm, fjcbe f lmvelld `m esecuzmdje e `m gessf mj scejf. ^er cdjversd, jdj sm puÿ esclu`ere cbe, sdprfttuttd jellf ifse pmý fjtmcf, fjcbe m testm vdlhfrm `m cfrfttere pmý cdltd e `m mgprdjtf pmý letterfrmf, pmý prdssmgm qumj`m fllf `mgejsmdje lftmjf, `mpej`fjd mj quflcbe gmsurf `f mjiluejze e ge`mfzmdjm rmspettd f` ujf trf`mzmdje vdlhfre pmý ofssf, flldrf fjcdrf lftejte1 ml cfrfttere estregfgejte curftd, imjmtd e fl tegpd stessd idrtegejte mjjdvftmvd cbee rm cb rmcd cdjds jdscm cmfg fgdd mj gdlt gdltmm te test stmm le lett tter erfr frmm rdg rdgfj fjzm zm `ell `ellff if ifse se pmý pmý fjtm fjtmcf cf,, sdprfttuttd mj fref hflld-rdgfjzf, if pejsfre cbe l'fspettd idrgfle, jel sejsd  pmý lftd, smf `ecmsmvd per l'fppfrmzmdje e ml cdjsdlm`fgejtd mj trf`mzmdje futdjdgf `elle judve espressmdjm letterfrme rdgfjze. M vdlhfrm hmujhdjd f cdjq cd jqum umsstfre fre ujd ujd spfzm pfzmdd ejtr ejtrdd uj heje hejerrfle fle smste msteg gf `m `ms `mstrmo trmouz uzmmdje dje e

herf he rfrc rcbm bmzz zzfz fzmd je `ell `ellff letterfrmf cult cultur urff mj jel jesejsd l gdj`d gdj`d ge`m ge`mev fle, e, fjcbe `u `ujq jque uef huf`fhjfrsm rmes rmescd cdjd jd f cdstmtumrsm mjmdje trf`mzmdjm prdprmd e evfl qumj`m cdj relftmvf stfomlmtî uj rudld e ujf `mgejsmdje jellf `dcugejtfzmdje scrmttf. Cdjs Cd jseh ehue ue f tutt tuttdd cm cmÿÿ cbe cbe ml pr prdc dces essd sd `m fppf fppfrm rmzm zmdj djee `ell `ellee lett letter erft ftur uree rdgf rdgfjz jzee ge`m ge `mev evfl flmm â sdpr sdprft fttu tutt ttdd uj pr prdc dces essd sd `m `eim `eimjm jmzm zmdj djee idrg idrgfl fle, e, cbe cbe vf se sehu humt mtdd su ejtrfgom m pmfjm `ell'espressmdje e `em cdjtejutm, `el restd strettfgejte mjtreccmftm trf ldrd jem cdjcretm rmsultftm testuflm. M testm letterfrm rdgfjzm `elle Drmhmjm e mj hejerfle le jdstre letterfture rdgfjze sdjd cdgujque `em prd`dttm `m ge`mfzmdje e smjtesm, jem quflm sm presejtfjd `m vdltf mj vdltf pmý d gejd fccejtuftm m cfrftterm trf`mzmdjflm `m idj`d, remjterpretftm mj gmsurf gmjdre d gfhhmdre f cdjirdjtd cdj lf trf`mzmdje `m scrmtturf cbe je gd`ellf lf cdjimhurfzmdje testufle. Cmÿ cbe â peculmfre `ell'epdcf `elle Drmhmjm jedlftmje â ml cdjtmjud cdjirdjtd mjterjd trf lf lmjhuf lftmjf e le lmjhue cbe je `mscej`djd, trf lf culturf lftmjf e le culture

vdlhfrm cbe tej`djd f egfjcmpfrsm `fll”ehegdjmf `ellf prmgf, pur jdj rmuscej`d f svmjcdlfrsm `fl `eomtd iujzmdjfle cdjtrfttd cdj essf e fjzm f pmý rmprese rmcercfj`d l'egulfzmdje e ml rfiidrzfgejtd `el rfppdrtd.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

L'mjilussd `ellf letterfturf lftmjf sulle scrmtture vdlhfrm jdj sm frrestf d fttejuf mj fl flcu cujj gd`d gd`d f pfrt pfrtmmre `fll `fll'f 'flt ltez ezzf zf cr crdj djdl dldh dhmc mcff ejtr ejtrdd lf qu qufl flee sm â fr frre rest stft ftff lf cfgpmdjfturf `em cdjtfttm, dssmf `flld sjd`d trf l'RM e ml RMM secdld. Ml rfppdrtd cdj le lettere lftmje e ge`mdlftmje restf fjzm idrtmssmgd, mjjfjzmtuttd f pfrtmre `f tuttf lf  prd`uzmdje mjtellettuflgejte pmý cdgplessf e `f tutte le scrmtture lehfte f tegm relmhmdsm. Mjsdggf, ml RMM secdld sehjfvdlhfrm, eiiettmvfgejte ujfml svdltf cmrcf`ellf m rfppdrtm recmprdcm trf trf`mzmdjm lftmje e trf`mzmdjm cbe ve`e `elmjefrsm supregfzmf `elle secd se cdj` j`ee jehl jehlmm fgom fgomtm tm cbe cbe jdm jdm cdjs cdjsm` m`er ermf mfgd gd pmý pmý stre strett ttfg fgej ejte te lett letter erfr frm. m. Vu Vues estf tf mjversmdje `m tej`ejzf bf cdge cejtrd l”fref hflld-rdgfjzf e` â prefjjujcmftf `f uj cdjsm`erevdle jugerd `m testm fttrmoumomlm fm `ue secdlm prece`ejtm, ml R e l'RM.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

2. M pmý fjtmcbm testm letterfrm rdgfjzm

Vuelld cbe sehue â ml cftfldhd `elle dpere letterfrme rdgfjze pervejute fjtermdrm fl RMM secdld. Yf fvvertmtd, tuttfvmf, cbe ml tergmje crdjdldhmcd â mjtrmjsecfgejte dpmjfomle, `fl gdgejtd cbe sm dperf tfldrf jdj sullf ofse `m evm`ejze pfledhrfimcdcd`mcdldhmcbe, gf f pfrtmre `f rmsultftm `m fjflmsm e vflutfzmdjm lmjhumstmcbe e stdrmcdletterfrme; `mversm testm, seooeje trfsgessm `f gfjdscrmttm `el RMM secdld, sdjd perÿ rmtejutm cdgpdstm jel secdld prece`ejte. Cdj l”ujmcf eccezmdje `elle cdjtrdverse xfrfkft frfod-fj`fluse, tuttm hlm fltrm testm `m cfrftt cfr fttere ere letter letterfrm frmdd prdvej prdvejhdj hdjdd `fll”f `fll”fref ref hflldhflld-rdg rdgfjz fjzf, f, cbe fppfre fppfre jettfg jettfgejt ejtee  precdce rmspettd f quellf moermcf e mtflmfjf per qufjtmtî e quflmtî `em prd`dttm. @m cdjsehuejzf, l”fref hflld-rdgfjzf dccupf ujf pdsmzmdje crucmfle `m pregmjejzf rmspettd fl cdgplessd `elle letterfture rdgfjze ge`mevflm e svdlhe ujf iujzmdje `m gd`elld e drmejtfgejtd, `ellf qufle sm bfjjd prdve evm`ejtm jehlm mjilussm `ecmsmvm cbe testm tes tm hflldhflld-rdg rdgfjz fjzmm esercm esercmtfj tfjdd sulle sulle prmge prmge dpere dpere letter letterfrm frmee `m flt fltre re rehmdj rehmdjmm `el `ellf lf _dgîjmf. Cmÿ vfle per l”elfodrfzmdje jdj sdld `m idrge e `m rehmstrm espressmvm, gf fjcbe `m tegm, `m v fldrm, `m gd`ellm ugfjm cdgpdrtfgejtflm. Vuestf pdsmzmdje `m pregmjejzf e lfvfldrm, iujzmdje f` essffjcbe fssdcmftf `m ecejtrd `elle mjjdvfzmdjm cdj`mvmse sm gfjterrfjjd imjd qufsm fllf imje `el RMMM secdld. Mj ifvdre `m questd svmluppd cdsì gfcrdscdpmcfgejte fjtmcmpftd `ell”fref hflldrdgfjzf pdssdjd fver hmdcftd ifttdrm mjterjm, lmjhumstmcd-culturflm, e` esterjm, stdrmcdsdcm sd cmfl flmm e` fjcb fjcbee mstm mstmtu tuzm zmdj djfl flm; m; pm pmýý rf rfpm pm`f `f evdl evdluz uzmd mdje je `em `em smst smsteg egmm lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcmm e,  pfrfllelfgejte, precdce presf `m cdscmejzf `ellf `mversmtî `em smstegm1 svmluppd `m ujf fttejzmdje specmimcf fm prdolegm `ellf cdgujmcfzmdje fjcbe strutturftf mj fgomtd qufjtdgejd relmhmdsd1 relftmvf dgdhejemtî `ehlm fssettm terrmtdrmflm e `em pdterm, mj cdjtrfstd cdj lf pmý elevftf irfjtugfzmdje cfrfttermstmcf cfrfttermstmcf `m Mtflmf e Moermf1 cdmjcm`ejzf cdj flcuje `elle rehmdjm culturflgejte pmý svmluppfte `ell”etî pdst-cfrdlmjhmf e qumj`m cdjj m cejt cd cejtrm rm `m pr prd` d`uz uzmd mdje je le lett tter erfr frmf mf lf lftm tmjf jf `em `em se secd cdlm lm RR-RM RM.. Jdj Jdj â mjim mjimje je `f sdttdvflutfre l”mgpdrtfjzf `m cdjtfttm cdj free lmgmtrdie prd`uttmve fjcbe mj cfgpd vdlhfr vdl hfre1 e1 sm pejsm pejsm flle flle zdje zdje hergf hergfjmc jmcbe be dccm`e dccm`ejtf jtflm lm e sdp sdprft rfttut tuttd td fll”Mj fll”Mjhbm hbmlt lterr errff fjhldsfssdje, ludhd prmvmlehmftd `”mjcdjtrd f sehumtd `ellf cdjqumstf jdrgfjjf `el 6>99 e `ell”mjse`mfgejtd `m ujf judvf clfsse `mrmhejte lmjhumstmcfgejte irfjcese. 2.6 Cftfldhd `em testm letterfrm rdgfjzm fjtermdrm fl RMM secdld 

F. MJ LMJHUF @”DML 2.6.6 Sequejzf `m Sfjt”Eulflmf

Fjjd 22> cmrcf, ?= versm `mspdstm mj 60 permd`m `m `ue versm cmfscujd, cdj l”ultmgd mrrelftd (prmvd `m cdjjessmdje d relfzmdje cdj fltrm elegejtm), mj strutturf `m sequejzf1

gfrcftm elegejtm `mflettflm vflldjm `m ofse, cdj pdcbm gf evm`ejtm trfttm estrfjem, flcujm  prdofomlgejte pmccfr`m e fltrm irfjcmfjm. Ml gfjdscrmttd prdvmeje `fl gdjfsterd `m St.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Fgfj`, pressd Yflejcmejjes, Yflejcmejjes, prdofomle ludhd `m cdgpdsmzmdje `ellf ` ellf sequejzf stessf. 2.6.? Sergdje su Hmdjf d sergdje ser gdje `m Y Yflejcmejjes flejcmejjes

Pestd lftmjd-irfjcese cdj le `ue lmjhue flterjfte, cdgpdstd jel pmejd R secdld, trf ml =388 e ml =5?, =3 =5?, cdjs cdjser ervf vfttd mj uj cd`m cd`mce ce dr drff f Yflej flejcm cmej ejje jess1 ml tes estd td cdjs cdjstf tf cdgplessm cdgpl essmvfgejt vfgejte `m 38 fgpme `m scrmttur scrm tturff fl e prdvmeje prdvm eje `fllf ge`esmgf ge`esmgf Sm rehmdje `ell”Eulflmf, idrsee prdprmd `f ujrmhbe fgomejte vmcmjd gdjfsterd `m St.Fgfj`. trfttf verdsmgmlgejte `m fppujtm, mjcdgpletm, cbe lfscmfjd fpertf lf pdssmomlmtî `m ujf reflmzzfzmdje drfle `fm cfrftterm rdgfjzm pmý fccejtuftm, cderejtm, `eimjmtm. Â l”ujmcd `em testm qum cdjsm`erftm f jdj essere mj versm e ld stftutd letterfrmd fppfre mj certd gd`d `mscutmomle. Spmccf mj gfjmerf evm`ejte ml cfrfttere rdgfjzd `ellf gfhhmdrfjzf `elle pfrdle espresse mj cbmfrd, cdj trfttm fjcbe gdltd oej `eimjmtm. 2.6.3 Yme `e Sfmjt Leher

?0> dctdsyllfoes mj strdie `m 9 versm fssdjfjzftm f cdppme1 testd vflldje, trfscrmttd jel ^dmtdu, cdj sdvrfppdsmzmdje `m trfttm lmjhumstmcm `m questf rehmdje. Â uj testd mjsermtd jell”RM secdld, cdj pfreccbm fltrm testm, mj spfzm omfjcbm `m uj gfjdscrmttd `el secdld R, cdjtejejte uj Lmoer Hldssfrug. Ml cd`mce idrse prdvmeje `fl gdjfsterd `m St. Gfmxejt, pressd ^dmtmers, `dve pdtreooerd essere stfte eiiettufte queste fhhmujte. 2.6.0 ^fssmdj

569 dctdsyllfoes mj 6?= strdiette `m 0 versm fssdjfjzftm f `ue f `ue. Pestd drmhmjfrmd `ellf ifscmf germ`mdjfle `ell”fref dmtfjmcf1 ml gfjdscrmttd cbe ld trfgfj`f â `m smcurf  prdvejmejzf pmttfvmjf e` â ml ge`esmgd ge`esmgd cbe cdjservf fjcbe ml St. Leher Leher.. Ml testd â jdtd cdrrejtegejte cdge ^fssmdje `m Clergdjt `fl ludhd `m fttufle cdjservfzmdje, gf certfgejte jdj â flverjmfte per drmhmje. 2.6.5 Spdjsus

@rfggf relmhmdsd omlmjhue mjcejtrftd sullf pfrfodlf evfjhelmcf `elle verhmjm sfhhe e `elle verhmjm idllm1 sezmdjm lftmje sm flterjfjd f sezmdjm vdlhfrm, queste ultmge su strdie `m 3 `ecfsyllfoes rmgftm cdj reirfmj1 â dpmjmdje cdguje cbe le sezmdjm rdgfjze smfjd stfte mjterpdlfte mj ujf ofse preesmstejte gdjdlmjhue, cdj iujzmdjm `m esplmcfzmdje e  pfrfirfsm `m cdrrmspdj`ejtm pfrtm `el testd lftmjd, cbe jdj esclu`e flcujm ultermdrm svmluppm mj`mpej`ejtm. Ld Spdjsus â cdjservftd mj uj gfjdscrmttd cdgpdsmtd `ellf imje `ell”RM secdld d `ell”mjmzm `ell”mjmzmdd `el RMM, prdvejmejte prdvejmejte `fll”foofzm `fll”foofzmff `m Sfj Gfrzmfle f Lmgdhes. Ml `mflettd drmhmjfrmd `el testd â rmcdj`ucmomle fl su`-dvest `ell”fref dmtfjmcf, dssmf fl ^dmtdu, gf lf cdpmf â `dvutf f` ujd scrmvejte `ell”estregd Jdr` `ell”fref

dccmtfjmcf.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

2.6.9 Prdpd Prdpd Vufjt lm sdllemz cdjverset ej ledj

?0 strdie `m 3 versm. Ml trdpd erf `estmjftd f` essere cfjtftd mj dccfsmdje `ellf iestf `ell”Fssujzmdje, prmgf `ell”diiertdrmug Fve Gfrmf. Pestd drmhmjfrmd `elle rehmdjm `ell `e ll”d ”dve vest st,, id idrs rsee Jdrg Jdrgfj fj`m `mf, f, cdpm cdpmft ftdd pr prdo dofo foml mlge gejt jtee mj terr terrmt mtdr drmd md uj pd” pd” pmý pmý germ`mdjfle, vflle RM `ellf RMM secdld.`fl gdgejtd cbe ml Lf `ftfzmdjedssmf ejtrdjellf ml secdld mj Ldmrf, questdfll”mjmzmd cfsd jdj`el â fssmcurftf, gfjdscrmttd relftdre â `f fssehjfre fl prmgd qufrtd `el RMM. Sm â mjsermtd cdgujque ml trdp trdpdd jel jel cftf cftfld ldhd hd per per ujf ujf `upl `uplmc mcee rf rfhm hmdj dje. e. Mjjf Mjjfjz jzmt mtut uttd td es essd sd rf rfppr ppres esej ejtf tf ujf cftehdrmf `m testm relmhmdsm, mjjm e prehbmere, cbe â fttestftf cdj pmý `m uj prd`dttd f  pfrtmre `fll”mjmzmd `el RMM secdld e cdj drmhmjm fjcbe settejtrmdjflm. Mj secdj`d ludhd, ml trdpd fppfre jdtevdle f imfjcd `em testm rdgfjzm `m cfrfttere prdifjd jem quflm sm mjtrd`uce ml tegf `ell”mjcdjtrd cdj ujf ifjcmullf sdlmtfrmf. 2.68 Yme `e Sfmjt Flexms d Cbfjsdj `e Sfmjt Flexms Flexms

Pestd `ell”RM secdld, idrse, `e 6>0> cmrcf1 lf lmjhuf â cdgujque fjtmcf e cdrrmspdj`e f ujd stf`md fjtermdre, seppur `m pdcd, f quellf utmlmzzftf jellf Cbfjsdj `e _dlfj` cdjservftf e lf `ftfzmdje fllf getî d ejtrd ml terzd qufrtd `el secdld RM fppfre fssfm  prdofomle. Pestd mj strdie `m 5 `ecfsyllfoes, lehftm `f fssdjfjzf; jellf re`fzmdje `el gfjdscrmttd pmý fjtmcd, ml pdegettd cdjtf 9?5 versm. Ml testd `ell”Flexms vdlhfre vejje drmhmjfrmfgejte cdgpdstd sul cdjtmjejte, mj fref lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcff `ell `ellff Ir Irfj fjcm cmff se sett ttej ejtr trmd mdjf jfle le.. Lf `mi `miiusm iusmdj djee fjtm fjtmcf cf `el `el pde pdege gett ttdd â `dcugejtftf sdprfttuttd jellf rehmdje fjhld-jdrgfjjf; â `mscussd se vm smf stftf ujf verf e prdprmf revmsmdje e rmstrutturfzmdje mj fref jdrgfjjf, idrse jel gdjfsterd `m Le Oec, dvverd se le `mverse cdpme fjhld-jdrgfjje pervejute, fppfrtejejtm f `mversm rfgm `ellf trf`mzmdje, smfjd `f m`ejtmimcfre cdge trfcce mj`mpej`ejtm `m ujf hejermcf fgpmf idrtujf `el testd. 2.6.2 Cbfjsdj `e Sfmjt Cftbermje

Imje RM secdld, gf idrse 6>5>-6>8> cmrcf, dssmf cdjtegpdrfjefgejte fllf re`fzmdje  prmgmtmvf `el Sfmjt Flexms. Gfjdscrmttd fjhldjdrgfjjd `el secdld RMMM. L”futdre segorf prdvejmre `f _duej e dperf idrse mj Mjhbmlterrf, jem prmgmssmgm fjjm f rm`dssd `ellf cdjqumstf jdrgfjjf. Ml pdegf vejje mjtehrflgejte rmscrmttd `fllf gdjfcf mjhlese Clegejce `e Oframjh jell”ultmgd qufrtd `el RMM secdld cdge Yme `e Sfmjte Cftbermje, mj `mstmcm `m dttdsmllfom. F. MJ LMJHU LMJHUF F @”DC @”DC 2.6.= Idrgule fuhurflm per lf hufrmhmdje `elle iermte

_mtrdvfte `f Oerjfr` Omscbdii jel gfrhmje `m uj gfjdscrmttd `el secdld MR/R, `dve sdjd stfte mjsermte, fssmege f` uj”fltrf smgmle mj lftmjd, `f ujf gfjd fssehjfomle fllf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

getî d fllf secdj`f getî `el secdld R. Mj ejtrfgom m testm â percepmomle lf presejzf `m trf`mz trf `mzmdj mdjee drtdhr drtdhrfim fimcf cf lftmjf lftmjf11 trf hlm elegejt elegejtmm lmjhum lmjhumst stmcm mcm smh smhjmi jmimcf mcftmv tmvmm mj cbmfve cbmfve rdgfjzf â `f jdtfre l”fssejzf `ell”frtmcdld. 2.6.6> Irfggejtd `m 9 versm jdtd jdt d cdge ^fssmdje `m Fuhsourh

Fppfrt Fpp frteje ejejte jte f` ujf cdgpds cdgpdsmzm mzmdje, dje, idrse idrse `rfgg `rfggftm ftmcf, cf, `m jfturf jfturf d mjtdjfz mjtdjfzmdj mdjee  prdietmcf, cdj jdtfzmdje gusmcfle per ml cfjtd1 prdvejmejzf `fllf Irfjcmf drmejtfle d jdr`-drmejtfle, cfusf `m flgejd pdssmomlm `mstdrsmdjm f sehumtd `ellf sdvrfppdsmzmdje `m ujf pftmjf lmjhumstmcf settejtrmdjfle sul idj`d dccmtfjmcd1 gfjdscrmttd `el R secdld. Sejzf f``ejtrfrsm f``ejtrfrsm mj mpdtesm `m rmcdstruzm rmcdstruzmdje, dje, sm jdterfjjd jdterfjjd uj fssettd fssettd getr getrmcd mcd su ujf  ofse `m dctdsyllfoes e lf presejzf `m uj fppfrejte reirfmj, elegejtd cbe mj`mrmzzf versd le cfjzdjm `f oflld, fttestfte fjcbe mj fgomtd clermcfle. 2.6.66 2.6.6 6 Flof relmhmdsf omlmjhue d Flof `m Ileury

Cdgpdjmgejtd su tre strdie mj lftmjd, cmfscujf `elle quflm â sehumtf `f reirfmj (rmtdrjelld) cdstfjte mj vdlhfre1 quest”ultmgd â `miimcmlgejte `ecmirfomle smf jel `ettftd cbe jell”fssettd lmjhumstmcd `m ofse. L”Flof vejje cdpmftf jel R secdld jel gdjsfterd `m Ileury-sur-Ldmre. Ml testd vm cdgpfre fhhmujtd sul versd `el pejultmgd idhlmd `el gfjdscrmttd, cbe cdjtmeje testm relmhmdsm e gdjfstmcm. 2.6.6? Odecm

Irfggejtd mjmzmfle `m ?55 versm `m uj pdegettd jfrrftmvd-`m`fttmcd sullf vmtf `el imldsdid tfr`d-rdgfjd Severmjd Odezmd, vmssutd jel secdld YM e futdre `el trfttftd “Lf cdjsdlfzmdje `ellf imldsdimf‗, ifttd hmustmzmfre `fl re dstrdhdtd Ped`drmcd e per questd mjterpretftd `fllf trf`mzmdje ge`mevfle cdge gfrtmre crmstmfjd1 testd mj lfsse orevm `m `ecfs `e cfsyl yllf lfoe oess rm rmgf gftm tm,, cdjc cdjcep epmt mtdd per per ml cf cfjt jtdd mj`m mj`mvm vm`u `ufl fle. e. Dr Drmh mhmj mjfl flee mj lmgd lmgdsm smjd jd,, trfscrmttd jell”foofzmf fll”mjmzmd `el successmvd.`m Sfmjt-Gfrtmfl f Lmgdhes ejtrd l”RM secdld, d fl gfssmgd 2.6.63 Cfjzdje gfrmfjf omlmjhue Mj bdc fjjm cmrculd…gem fgmc e gem imel

RM secdld1 6= strdie `m tre beptfsyllfoes gdjdrmgm cmfscujf, flterjfte trf lftmjd e vdlhfre, cdj le ultmge tre mj vdlhfre (jel cdgplessd, 66 strdie su 6= sdjd mj vdlhfre)1 cmfscujf strdif â sehumtf `f uj versd `m clfusdlf, `m ifttd equmvflejte f uj reirfmj, cdstfjte `dpd le strdie lftmje, gmjmgfjte vfrmftd mj quelle vdlhfrm. 2.6.69 @ue gmjmgm testm lmrmcm `ellf secdj`f getî `el secdld RM, `m cdjtejutd pmý d gejd `mrettfgejte fgdrdsd

Ejtrfgom `m ujf sdlf strdif e fccdgpfhjftm `f jdtfzmdje gusmcfle, rmjvejutm `f Oerjbfr` Omscbdii fllf imje `m uj gfjdscrmttd `m Perejzmd cdjiezmdjftd fll”mjmzmd `el secdld RM e prdvejmejte `fllf rehmdje `el _ejd1 qum ujd scrmvejte te`escd, gdltd

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

 prdofomlgejte rejfjd, `ellf secdj`f getî `elld stessd RM secdld, cm bf cdjservftd, sdttdidrgf `m fppujtd su uj idhlmd `m hufr`mf `el cd`mce, questf prmgf fppfrmzmdje `ellf lmrmcf rdgfjzf prdifjf. Ml secdj`d testd â idrse gehlmd clfssmimcfomle cdge `m cdjtejutd sftmrmcd, mj qufjtd mjvettmvf gdrflmstmcf cdjtrd cfvflmerm sejzf scrupdlm e gdjfcb gdj fcbe1 e1 ml prmgd prmgd testd, testd, pmý cbmfrf cbmfrfgej gejte te mjtell mjtellehm ehmoml omlee e `m mj` mj`uoo uoomd md cdjt cdjteju ejutd td fgdrdsd, presejtf uj fssettd lmjhumstmcd prdolegftmcd, `m mjterpretfzmdje jdj smcurf. Essd â gdltd prdofomlgejte dccmtfjmcd mj drmhmje, gf `eve essere hmujtd jelle gfjm `el cdpmstf te`escd fttrfversd rehmdjm pmý settejtrmdjflm, trfjsmtd cbe bf lfscmftd, f` esegpmd, cdge trfccmf sejsmomle, l”f`fttfgejtd mj –er `elle rmge drmhmjfrmfgejte mj –  fr. 2.6.68 Cbfjsdj `e Sfmjte Idm

Secdj` Secd j`ff getî getî `ell `ell”R ”RMM se secd cdld ld,, 6>9> 6>9> cm cmrc rcf. f. Pes estd td `m 5=3 5=3 dctd dctdsy syll llfo foes es mj lfss lfssee fssd fssdjf jfjz jzft fte, e, `est `estmj mjft ftdd fl cf cfjt jtd, d, dr drmh mhmj mjfr frmd md `ell `ellff re rehm hmdj djee dc dccm cmtf tfjm jmcf cf fl lmgm lmgmte te germ`mdjfle `el Gfssmccmd Cejtrfle1 lf cbfjsdj â cdpmftf fhlm mjmzm `el RMM secdld mj uj gfjdscrmttd prdvejmejte `fll”foofzmf `m Ileury-sur-Ldmre, sejzf gd`mimcfzmdjm smhjmimcftmve `ell”fssettd lmjhumstmcd prmgmtmvd. prmgmtmvd. Ml gfjdscrmttd jel sud stftd drmhmjfle sm  presejtfvf cdge ujf rfccdltf drhfjmcf `estmjftf f usm pfrflmturhmcm e cdj smhjmimcftmvf  presejzf gusmcfle, cdgprej`ejte cdgprej`ejte testm mj lftmjd e mj vdlhfre. O. MJ I_FJCDI_FJCD-^_D ^_DYEJ YEJ[FL [FLE E 2.6.62 Irfggejtd `m uj _dgfj `”Flexfj`re

Sm trfttf `m ujf trf`uzmdje `ellf Stdrmf lftmjf `m Curzmd _uid, f` dperf `m uj Floermc `e ^msfjcdj1 ml irfggejtd â cdjservftd mj uj gfjdscrmttd `ftfomle fll”mjmzmd `el secdld RMM e cdjstf `m 6>5 dctdsyllfoes superstmtm, `mstrmoumtm mj 65 lfsse `m gmsurf foofstfjzf cdstfjte, dscmllfjte mjtdrjd fm 9-2 versm cmfscujf, mj uj sdld cfsd 6>, lehfte per ld pmý `f rmgf, e mj tre cfsm `f fssdjfjzf. C. MJ GD[F GD[F_F _FOD OD 2.6.6= Rfrfkft

Fll”mjcmrcf reirfmjs rdgfjzm, tuttfvmf `m mjcertf `ecmirfzmdje fjcbe mj cdjsehuejzf `ellf scrmtturf mj cfrftterm frfom d eorfmcm, cbe sm trdvfjd mjsermtm mj cfjzdjm fppujtd frfoe fppfrtejejtm fl hejere `elle guwfssfbft, cdgpdste mj Fj`flusmf jellf secdj`f getî `ell”RM e jel RMM secdld; mj tuttd hlm mjsertm rdgfjzm m`ejtmimcftm cdj rfhmdjevdle smcurezzf sdjd 92. Lf guwfssfbft sm frtmcdlf jdrgflgejte mj uj cdrpd mj frfod clfssmcd, cbe preve`e l”mjserzmdje strutturfle mj dhjm strdif `m clfusdle `m cbmusurf mj

frfo frfodd vdlh vdlhfr fre, e, dssm dssmff jell jellff lmjh lmjhuf uf cdrr cdrrej ejte te,, fs fssm smgm gmlf lfom omlm lm mj ce cert rtdd gd`d gd`d fm jdst jdstrm rm rmtdrjellm. Mj uj certd jugerd `m guwfssfbft `m drmhmje fj`flusf cdgpdstm `f pdetm smf frfom cbe eorem, mj ludhd `ellf clfusdlf clfu sdlf mj frfod vdlhfre se je mjcdjtrf ujf jel vdlhfre rdgfjzd `ellf rehmdje, ml rdgfjzd fj`flusd cdgujegejte mj`mcftd cdge gdzfrfod.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Lf `ecmirfzmdje lmjhumstmcf `em testm, prmgf fjcdrf `ellf ldrd mjterpretfzmdje, â resf `miimcdltdsf `fllf trfscrmzmdje cbe, secdj`d le jdrge `ehlm flifoetm frfod e` eorfmcd, jdj mj`mcf le vdcflm, flldrf prdjujcmfte gejtflgejte `fl lettdre e dhhm remjtehrfte `fhlm stu`mdsm gd`erjm fttrfversd gdlteplmcm `miimcdltî e cdj rmsultftm mjcertm, tfjt”â cbe, per lf ofse lmjhumstmcf rdgfjzf, dltre fl gdzfrfod, sm â pejsftd fjcbe f` fltre vfrmetî pejmjsulfrm. Mjtdrjd flle xfrfkft, m`ejtmimcfte per lf prmgf vdltf jel 6=02 `fl segmtmstf Sfguel Sterj mj pdesme eorfmcbe, sm sdjd mjtreccmfte vflutfzmdjm cdjtrfstfjtm e sm sdjd cdstrumte mpdtesm fjcbe `m hrfj`e pdrtftf cmrcf le drmhmjm `ellf lmrmcf dccm`ejtfle; secdj`d flcujm, f questf trf`mzmdje mpdtetmcf sfreooerd `f fttrmoumre mjiluejze `etergmjfjtm cmrcf drmhmjm e svmluppd `ellf lmrmcf mj terrmtdrmd hflld-rdgfjzd. Lf jfturf `ehlm mjsertm vdlhfrm jdj puÿ `mrsm cbmfrmtf, `fl gdgejtd cbe jdj sm puÿ stfomlmre se sm trfttm `m irfggejtm cdgpdstm f` bdc `fm pdetm dvverd se smfjd vere e prdprme cmtfzmdjm `m testm d irfggejtm mj`mpej`ejtm fppfrtejejtm f` ujf verf e prdprmf trf`mzmdje lmrmcf futdctdjf, fltrf rmspettd f quelle frfoe e` eorfmcbe `”Fj`flusmf. Mj dhjm cfsd, cdge gessd mj cbmf cb mfrd rd `fhl `fhlmm stu` stu`mm pm pmýý re rece cejt jtm, m, hl hlmm spez spezzd zdjm jm rdgf rdgfjz jzmm do dooe oe`m `msc scdj djdd f re rehd hdle le `m versmimcfzmdje e cdgpdsmzmdje frfof, ml cbe mgplmcf qufjtdgejd uj f`fttfgejtd strutturfle rmspettd fhlm mpdtetmcm gd`ellm lmrmcm gdzfrfomcm, `m cdjsehuejzf fjcdr pmý siuhhejtm. 2.? ^recmsfzmdjm getrmcbe

Cdj lf sdlf eccezmdje `el Sergdje `m Yflejcmejjes, tuttm hlm fltrm testm `elle drmhmjm sdjd mj versm e l”mgpressmdje hejerfle â cbe lf presejzf `m uj”drhfjmzzfzmdje getrmcf, vmf vmf segpre pmý precmsf e cdj crescejtm cfrftterm rdgfjzm, mj flldjtfjfgejtd `f gd`ellm lftmjm `el tegpd, pmejfgejte rmspettftm sdld jell”Eulflmf, e qumj`m `m ujf idrgf  percepmomle e` elevftf, smf ujf cfrfttermstmcf quflmimcfjte `ecmsmvf jell”fppfrmzmdje `em  prmgm testm letterfrm rdgfjzm. Â pertfjtd dppdrtujd foodzzfre m cdjtdrjm `m questf fcqumsmtf idrgflmtî fttrfversd flcuje `eimjmzmdjm `ehlm fspettm getrmcm mjcdjtrftm jem testm sdprf presejtftm. Strdif Ujmtî getrmcf cdstmtumtf `m uj jugerd imssd `m versm (cdge gmjmgd `ue), gdjdgetrmcm d pdlmgetrmcm1 mj cfgpd rdgfjzd lf strdif â cfrfttermstmcf `ellf pdesmf lmrmcf, `dve cdgpfre sdprfttuttd, gf jdj sdld, mj reflmzzfzmdjm cdgplesse, `estmjfte segpre mj drmhmje f` essere fccdgpfhjfte `fl cfjtd (`f cum fppujtd ml jdge `m lmrmcf), secdj`d ujf geld`mf rmpetutf `m jdrgf `m strdif mj strdif cdj l”eccezmdje `m idrge pfrtmcdlfrm, m `mscdr`m, cdstrumtm su frtmcdlfzmdjm pmý lmoere, jdj strdimcbe1 gf idrge gmjmge e st stfj`f fj`fr`m r`mzzf zzfte te `m strdif strdif,, mj pfrtmc pfrtmcdlf dlfre re ml cduple cduplett `”dctd `”dctdsyl syllfo lfoes es jellf jellf lette letterft rfturf urf irfjcese e lf qufrtmjf `m flessfj`rmjm mj vfrme trf`mzmdjm jfzmdjflm (irfjcese, spfhjdlf,

fjcbe mtflmfjf) vejjerd lfrhfgejte utmlmzzfte per lf letterfturf mj versm ` frhdgejtd jfrrftmvd e `m`fttmcd1 cdsì pdm l”dttfvf `m ej`ecfsmllfom, `ettf fjcbe dttfvf rmgf, cbe cdgpfre per lf prmgf vdltf jel Imldstrftd `m Odccfccmd e` â pdm tmpmcf `ellf jfrrftmvf mtflmfjf mj versm `fllf getî `el ‒3>> mj pdm, utmlmzzftf smf jem cfjtfrm smf jem pdegm

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

cfvfllerescbm mj versm. Lfssf Ujmtî getrmcf cdstmtumtf `f uj jugerd vfrmfomle `m versm, rmhdrdsfgejte gdjdgetrmcm. Idrgf Idr gf tmpmcf tmpmcf `ellf `ellf letter letterftu fturf rf ge`mev ge`mevfle fle hflldhflld-rdg rdgfjz fjzff e specmi specmimcf mcfgej gejte te `elle `elle cfjzdjm epmcbe e `m flcuje cfjzdjm fhmdhrfimcbe, essf vejje utmlmzzftf fjcbe mj fgomtd moermcd e fjtmcd mtflmfjd. Getrm tmpmcm `elle cfjzdjm hflld-rdgfjze mj lfsse sdjd ml `ecfsyllfoe, equmvflejte hrdssd gd`d jellf prdsd`mf f` uj ej`ecfsmllfod mtflmfjd, e l'flessfj`rmjd. _mgf @ue versm rmgfjd trf ldrd qufj`d trf `m essm vm smf m`ejtmtî periettf, smf jelle vdcflm cbe jelle cdjsdjfjtm, f pfrtmre `fll'ultmgd fccejtd `m cmfscujd1 lf rmgf â `ujque lf sezmdje imjfle `m uj versd, f pfrtmre `fll'ultmgd fccejtd, quelld cbe jellf trf`mzmdje rdgfjzf ge`mevfle e pdst-ge`mevfle m`ejtmimcf m tmpm `mversm. Fssdjfjzf M`ejtmtî trf le sdle vdcflm, mj cdj`mzmdjm fjfldhbe f quelle cbe `eimjmscdjd lf rmgf. @ecfsyllfoes Mj mtflmfjd gehlmd trf`ucmomle cdj `ecejfrmd pmuttdstd cbe cdj `ecfsmllfod, per evmtfre cdjiusmdjm sullf gmsurf; versd cfrfttermzzftd e mj`mvm`uftd `f uj fccejtd `dgmjfjte mj `ecmgf se`e, cbe m`ejtmimcf lf rmgf d l'fssdjfjzf1 ml `ecfsmllfoe epmcd preve`e mjdltre uj secdj`d fccejtd, `m mgpdrtfjzf qufsm pfrm fl prmgd, cdlldcftd segpre mj qufrtf se`e e mj`mvm`ufjte ujf cesurf mjterjf1 lf strutturf jem `ue cfsm â `ujque stfomlgejte d 0 + 9 dppure 9 + 0. Jellf gmsurf prdsd`mcf cdgplessmvf ml `ecfsyllfoe epmcd â strettfgejte cdgpfrfomle fll'ej`ecfsmllfod `ellf trf`mzmdje mtflmfjf, cbeprdvejzfle, â perÿ pmý smgmle, ejtrd lf stessf gmsurf `m ofse, fl `ecfsyllfoe lmrmcd `ellf trf`mzmdje lehhergejte pmý ilessmomle `m quelld epmcd. Ml `ecfsyllfoe â jellf trf`mzmdje irfjcese ml versd tmpmcd `ellf cfjzdje `m hestf `el RMM secdld, pdm fiimfjcftd e mj pfrte sdstmtumtd `fll'flessfj`rmjd. Dctdsyllfoe Mj mtflmfjd sm trf`uce cdj dttdsmllfod gf â equmvflejte fl jdvejfrmd; versd mj`mvm`uftd `f uj fccej fccejtd td `dgm `dgmjfj jfjte te mj dt dttf tfvf vf se se`e. `e. Jell Jellff trf` trf`mz mzmd mdje je hfll hflldd-rd rdgf gfjz jzff e` mj  pfrtmcdlfre cdge elegejtd cdstmtutmvd `el `mstmcd `m dctdsyllfoes questd â ml getrd cfrfttermstmcd `em hejerm versmimcftm `m frhdgejtd jfrrftmvd e `m`fttmcd `estmjftm fllf

letturf1 jelle cfjzdjm `m hestf if lf suf cdgpfrsf sdld jell'fjtmcf cfjzdje `m Hdrgdjt e Msegofrt, gf â cfrfttermstmcd `m uj oudj jugerd `m fjtmcbm pdegettm, f cdgmjcmfre `fl St. Leher.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

Flessfj`rmjd Yersd lujhd, cdrrmspdj`ejte f uj `d`ecfyllfoe cesurftd fl gezzd e cdstmtumtd `ujque `m `ue ujmtî smggetrmcbe, cmfscujf cfrfttermzzftf `f uj fccejtd strutturfle mj sestf se`e, `dpd lf qufle puÿ d jd essere presejte uj”ultermdre smllfof ftdjf, cdrrmspdj`ejte `m `m ujf L'flessfj`rmjd vejje`”Flexfj`re, cdsì cbmfgftddssmf f pfrtmre `fljdrgf testd fllf cbe imjfle ld mgpdse jelpfrdlf hustdpmfjf. `el puoolmcd, uj _dgfj ujf rmelfodrfzmdje `ellf stdrmf lehhej`frmf `m Flessfj`rd Gfhjd, cdgpdstf versd lf imje `el RMM secdld. Drhfjmzzftd mj strdiette `m qufttrd versm, `ette fppujtd qufrtmje `m flessfj`rmjm, questd versd iu getrd mgpdrtfjte `ellf pdesmf sdprfttuttd `m`fttmcf ir irfjc fjces esee e spfh spfhjd jdlf lf,, cdj cdj es eseg egpm pm jdte jdtevd vdlm lm fjcb fjcbee mj Mtfl Mtflmf mf,, mj pf pfrt rtmc mcdl dlfr free cdge cdge sdluzmdje getrmcf tmpmcf `ellf pdesmf `m`fttmcf settejtrmdjfle. Prdpd @fl hrecd trdpds, “`mrezmdje, gfjmerf, stmle‗, tergmje pfssftd f mj`mcfre jellf retdrmcf fjtmcf ml trfslftd, dssmf ujd `em iejdgejm `m `evmfzmdje e trfslfzmdje `m smhjmimcftd, ujf imhurf `m pejsmerd cbe drhfjmzzf m sejsm imhurftm. Cdjservfj`d questd smhjmimcftd jellf trf`mzmdje retdrmcf, ml tergmje trdpd je fssujse uj fltrd jellf trf`mzmdje getrmcdgusmcfle ge`mdlftmjf, mj`mcfj`d fgplmfgejtm pfrtmcdlfrm `m elegejtm preesmstejtm1 sm trfttfvf qumj`m `m svmluppm fjcbe futdjdgm gf cdstrumtm segpre f pfrtmre `f uj elegejtd `ftd e qumj`m jdj mj tuttd lmoerm, mj idrgf mj idj`d jdj `mssmgmle sul pmfjd cdjcettufle `f quel cbe sfrfjjd mj sehumtd le vfrmfzmdjm. Yersus/vers Cdj questd jdge sdjd `esmhjfte `mverse cdgpdsmzmdjm `el repertdrmd `ell'foofzmf `m Sfj Gfrzmfle f Lmgdhes, fttrmoumomlm fllf imje `ell'RM e fl RMM secdld e cfrfttermzzfte `fll'drmhmjflmtî e lmoertî jellf cdstruzmdje, `miierejzfpfssftf `m qufjtd fvvejmvf m trdpm. M versus `ellf scudlf fqumtfjf bfjjd idrgfffstrdimcf, mj ere`mtî fllfper idrgf `el vers jellf pmý fjtmcf trf`mzmdje trdof`drmcf prdvejzfle, pdm rmelfodrftf mjtdrjd fllf getî `el RMM secdld mj quellf `m cfjzdje, idj`fgejtd f suf vdltf `ellf lmrmcf `'frte rdgfjzf `el ge`mdevd. 2.3.6 @mgejsmdje `em testm

Mjjfjzmtuttd â evm`ejte cbe questm cdgpdjmgejtm fcqumstfjd jel cdrsd `el tegpd ujf `mgejsmdjm vmf vmf gfhhmdre; fjcbe lfscmfj`d `m lftd lf cfjtmlejf `m Sfjt”Eulflmf, cbe bf lf strutturf gdltd pfrtmcdlfre `m sequejzf, pfssmfgd `fm ?05 versm `el St. Leher, fm 569 `ellf ^fssmdj, fm 5=3 `ellf S.te Idy, fm 9?5 `el St. Flexms. Lf cbfjsdj `e _dlfj`,

`m cum cum cdjd cdjdsc scmf mfg gd ujf ujf vers versmd mdje je id idrs rsee ft fttr trmo moum umom omle le fllf fllf imje imje `ell `ell'R 'RMM se secd cdld ld e rmgfjehhmftf l'mjmzmd `el successmvd, cdjtf pmý `m 0>>> versm jel pmý fjtmcd stf`md rmcdstrumomle.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

2.3.? Cdjjdtftm culturflm `m drmhmjm; trf`mzmdjm gdjfstmcbe

L'fgomtd `m drmhmje `em testm â segpre relmhmdsd e pmý precmsfgejte gdjfstmcd1 jdj cdgpfmdjd mjvece cejtrm `m culturf cbe pure `fl secdld RM cdgmjcmfjd f` fvere ujf specmimcf rmlevfjzf, cdge le scudle cbe sm `eimjmscdjd cftte`rflm, dssmf fssdcmfte f ujf se`e vescdvmle, `ujque `m ifttd f cmttî. Vuestd trfttd `m drmhmje â fjcdrf pmý idrte `ellf stessf mspmrfzmdje sfcrf, pure lfrhfgejte `dgmjfjte, `fl gdgejtd cbe m gfjdscrmttm cbe cdjservfjd m testm prdvejhdjd certfgejte `f fgomejtm gdjfstmcm. Fppfre cbmfrd cdsì ml lehfge cdj le prftmcbe `m cultd; rmcdrrejze, cermgdjme, iestmvmtî e pellehrmjfhhm. 2.3.3 Prf`mzmdje gfjdscrmttf

Cdj lf sdlf eccezmdje `el St. Flexms, tuttm questm cdgpdjmgejtm sdjd mj testmgdjmfjzf ujmcf, dssmf sdjd trfsgessm `f uj sdld gfjdscrmttd. Lf gfhhmdr pfrte â rmgfstf lehftf fl lu ludh dhdd `m cdgpd cdgpdsm smzm zmdj dje; e; mj quest questmm cfsm cfsm jdj jdj pd pdss ssmf mfgd gd supp suppdr drre re uj'e uj'eiiie iett ttmv mvff cmrcdlfzmdje, `miiusf d cdgujque fgpmf, `em testm. Fltrm cdgpdjmgejtm mjvece sdjd trfscrmttm mj cd`mcm esegplftm mj ludhd `mversd e tfldrf fjcbe ldjtfjd `f quelld `dve vm`erd presugmomlgejte lf luce. Jdj sdld; ml ifttd cbe mj ujd stessd gfjdscrmttd smfjd stftm rmujmtm testm `miierejtm `miierejtm qufjtd f drmhmje if mjtumre uj prdcessd `m cmrcdlfzmdje `elle dpere e `m ldrd rfccdltf mj cejtrm mjteressftm f queste tmpdldhme testuflm, iejdgejd cbe  pdtreooe essere stftd oej pmý estesd `m qufjtd rmcdstrumomle sullf ofse `ellf `dcugejtfzmdje cdjservftf. Â fspettd mj`uoomfgejte jdtevdle lf trfscrmzmdje `m flcujm testm iudrm `fll'fref rdgfjzf, `f fiimfjcfre fll'fppfrmzmdje `ell”Eulflmf, mj ujf zdjf e mj uj gfjdscrmttd `m cdjimje e `f pdrre mj relfzmdje cdj l'fltf percejtufle `m testm prdvejmejtm `flle zdje drmejtflm `el `dgmjmd hflld-rdgfjzd. Vuestm cdjtfttm e  percdrsm sm stfomlmscdjd fjcbe f cfvflld trf lftmjd e vdlhfre. Jell'elfodrfzmdje `ellf lehhej`f relmhmdsf, ml St. Flexms irfjcese `ermvf dvvmfgejte `f gd`ellm fhmdhrfimcm lftmjm, gf je mjiluejzf f suf vdltf. Fjcdrf pmý smjhdlfre ml cfsd `ell'fjtmcd St. Leher, cbe `ermvf `f vejerftd1 ujf vmtf lftmjf rf`mcftf mj terrmtdrmd sfjtd erfd specmflgejte ml pdegettd rdgfjzd vejjepmttfvmjd, cdgpdstdlîmj`dve zdjfmlpmccfr`f cdgujque mj ujf scrmptf idrtmssmgfgejte sehjftf `f trfttm pmccfr`m e rmtdrjÿ perÿ jell je llff rehm rehmdj djee `' `'dr drmh mhmj mjee `e `ell llff le lehh hhej ej`f `f,, imjej mjej`d `d trfs trfscr crmt mttd td mj uj gfjd gfjdsc scrm rmtt ttdd ldcflmzzfomle trf ^dmtdu e Lmgdsmjd e `msehjfj`d cdsì uj `dppmd percdrsd `m fj`ftf e rmtdrjd `ell'fsse su` dvest-jdr` est ejtrd l'fref dmtfjmcf. ^fre dppdrtujd `mstmjhuere `ue pmfjm; `f uj lftd foomfgd ujf hedhrfimf precmsf,  pujtuflgejte `eimjmtf `fm gfjdscrmttm cdjservftm e `fm cejtrm gdjfstmcm cum pdssdjd qufsm tuttm essere rmcdj`dttm1 â ujf hedhrfimf refle, gf fjcbe gdltd lfcujdsf, f cfusf  prdprmd `ellf pfrzmflmtî `ellf `dcugejtfzmdje. Fccfjtd f questf â perÿ hmustd cdjsm`erfre fjcbe ujf hedhrfimf `fm cdjjdtftm fssfm gejd jettm, suhhermtf `f flcujm  percdrsm `m `miiusmdje, cbe pdssdjd essere `elmjeftm flgejd mj vmf `m mpdtesm. Mj

 pfrtmcdlfre, f prdpdsmtd `m `mversm `m questm testm hflld-rdgfjzm, mj hejere lehftm fl cfjtd e fllf esecuzmdje puoolmcf, `fllf ^fssmdj `m Clergdjt smjd fllf cfjzdje `m hestf `m Hmrf Hmrfrt rt `e _dussmlldj _dussmlldj,, `ellf getî `el secdl secdldd RMM, â stftf `mscussf `mscussf lf ldcflmzzfzm ldcflmzzfzmdje dje cdj prdpdste cbe rmcdj`ucevfjd f uj cfpd d fll'fltrd `ell'fref `m trfjsmzmdje `el

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

cdsm``ettd crdmssfjt (dssmf `f quellf rehmdje f idrgf `m iflce `m lujf cbe cdjtdrjf f jdr` jd r` lf rehm rehmdj djee lmjhu lmjhums mstm tmcfg cfgej ejte te dccm dccmtf tfjm jmcf cf jell jell'f 'fre reff `el `el gfss gfssmc mccm cmdd ce cejt jtrf rfle le), ), idrgulfte f pfrtmre `f `ftm lmjhumstmcm cdjtrf``mttdrm1 questd sdld ifttd â uj mj`mzmd `ellf pdtejzmfle gdomlmtî `em testm, dssmf `ellf pdssmomlmtî `m segplmcmssmgm f`fttfgejtm dperftm trf gd`flmtî lmjhumstmcbe trf ldrd smgmlm, jeppure jecessfrmfgejte cdmjcm`ejtm cdj quellf drmhmjfrmf `el testd. 2.3.0 Hedhrfimf culturfle `ellf trf`mzmdje

Mj hejerfle, esfgmjfj`d tfjtd m cejtrm mpdtetmcm `m prd`uzmdje qufjtd m ludhbm `m trfscrmzmdje, lf Cbmesf e le mstmtuzmdjm ecclesmfstmcbe fppfmdjd svdlhere ujf iujzmdje fssdlutfgejte cejtrfle; lf hedhrfimf cbe pdssmfgd `elmjefre â cdjtrf``mstmjtf `f cejtrm relmhmdsm `m culturf, mj prmgd ludhd gdjfsterm. Cmrcf ml rudld `elle mstmtuzmdjm ecclesmfstmcbe, ml cfsd `el St. Flexms â per tfjtm fspettm egolegftmcd. L”mjjd lftmjd ^fter `eus mjhejmte, cdgpdstd f _dgf versd ml 6>8>, sm cdjimhurf cdge uj f`fttfgejtd `ellf lehhej`f sfcrf f pfrtmre `f ujd scbegf cdmjcm`ejte cdj quelld `ellf Cbfjsdj vdlhfre e `mverhejte `flle vfrme Ymtfe lftmje `el Sfjtd,stessd cdjdscmute vdltf, f qufjtd rmsultf,fppfrejte sdprfttuttd f cdgmjcmfre `fll'mjmzmd `elld secdld fRMldrd e cdj _dgf cd ge cejtrd cdge `m mrrf`mfzmdje. Gf lf Cbfjsdj `m Flessmd esce `em gdjfsterm. Yersd lf getî `el RMM secdld lf idrtujf `ellf Irfjcmf drmejtfle â fssmcurftf `fl rudld cbe le vmeje fssehjftd jell'epmsd`md `ellf cdjversmdje `m ^metrd Yfl`d, Yfl`d, ml qufle secdj`d uj crdjmstf `el tegpd fvreooe `ecmsd `m foorfccmfre lf vmtf relmhmdsf, idj`fj`d ml gdvmgejtd rmidrgftdre cbe `f lum prese ml jdge, jdg e, `dpd `dpd esse essere re rm rmgf gfst stdd cdlp cdlpmt mtdd jell jell'f 'fsc scdl dltf tfre re lf vmtf vmtf `el `el sf sfjt jtd, d, re recm cmtf tftf tf,, e verdsmgmlgejte mj vdlhfre, `f uj hmullfre sullf pmfzzf `el gercftd `m Lmdje. 2.3.5 Pmpdldhme `m gfjdscrmttm

Sm mj mj`mv `mvm`u m`ufjd fjd pmý tmpdld tmpdldhme hme sm smhjm hjmim imcft cftmve mve `m gfjdsc gfjdscrmt rmttm. tm. Ift Ifttm tm sfl sflvm vm flcujm flcujm `em test testmg mgdj djmm pm pmýý tfr` tfr`mm `el `el Sfmj Sfmjtt Flex Flexms ms,, tutt tuttmm m test testmm qum qum elej elejcf cftm tm sdjd sdjd ds dspm pmtf tftm tm mj gfjdscr gfjds crmt mttm tm lftm lftmjm jm.. Dccd Dccdrr rree perÿ perÿ oej oej `m `mst stmj mjhu huer eree flcu flcuje je tmpd tmpdld ldhm hmee sd sdst stfjz fjzmf mflm lm,, scbegftmzzfomlm mj tre hruppm prmjcmpflm; Prdvmfg rdvmfgdd mjjfjz mjjfjzmtu mtuttd ttd testm testm rdgfjz rdgfjzmm cbmfrfg cbmfrfgejt ejtee mjserm mjsermtm tm su uj suppdr suppdrtd td scrmvm scr mvmoml omlee `mspdj `mspdjmom momle, le, cbe iujhe iujhe `f segplm segplmce ce fppdhh fppdhhmd, md, sejzf sejzf uj cbmfrd cbmfrd  prdhettd `m cdjservfzmdje jel tegpd. Mj questm cfsm sm puÿ f pmejd `mrmttd  pfrlfre `m scrmtture fvvejtmzme, mj`dtte `f ujf vdldjtî `m cdjservfzmdje mjjfjzmtuttd persdjfle `em testm cdmjvdltm1 jdj f cfsd sm trfttf `m trfscrmzmdjm mjidrgflm, oejcbí esehumte cdj cdgpetejzf. Sm trfttf `m testm orevm, cdj ofssd hrf`d `m cdgplessmtî mjtrmjsecf jell”drhfjmzzfzmdje idrgfle e `m cdjsehuejzf jellf trfscrmzmdje. 



Foomfgd pdmsecdj`d testm fjcbe mjsermtm spfzm gfjdscrmttm lftmjm  preesmstejtm, secdj`d perÿ questm gd`flmtî tflm `fmjifr pejsfre pejsomfjcbm fre fllf `m smcurf mjtejzmdjflm mjtejzmdjflmtî tî `ellf trfscrmzmdje mj tergmjm `m cdscmejte vdldjtî `m cdjservfzmdje jel tegpd `ell'dhhettd testufle. M pfrfgetrm rmlevfjtm per questf vflutfzmdje sdjd; lf `mspdsmzmdje cdgplessmvf `el testd, l'fccurftezzf `ellf scrmtturf, l”fttejzmdje

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09



 per le pfrtmzmdjm `el testd, f cdgmjcmfre `fllf `mstrmouzmdje `m mjmzmflm `m testd e `m st strd rdif if.. Sm puÿ puÿ pfrl pfrlfr free mj ques questd td cfsd cfsd `m test testmm rd rdg gfj fjzm zm ds dspm pmtf tftm tm ej ejttrd gfjdscrmtt gfjds crmttmm lftmjm. M testm `f cdlldcfre cdlldcfre mj questd hruppd sdjd; l”Eulflmf, l”Eulflmf, ml St. Leher, lf ^fssmdj, ml Odecm, ml _dgfj `”Flexfj`re `m Floermc. Sm jdterî cdge trfttd jdj cfsufle ml tejtftmvd `m f`ehufgejtd idrgfle d quflmtftmvd fl lmvelld `ell gfjd `e gfjdsscr crmt mttd td dspm dspmtf tfjt jte1 e1 ml te test stdd rd rdgf gfjz jzdd jdj jdj si simh mhur urff mj fppf fppfre rejz jzf, f, sdprfttuttd lî `dve l”fhhmujtf â dperftf mj spfzm omfjcbm mjterge`m e jdj gfrhmjflm `m uj cd`mce `m dttmgd lmvelld. Cdgp Cd gpfm fmdj djdd mjim mjimje je te test stmm rdgf rdgfjz jzmm mjte mjtehr hrft ftmm dr drmh mhmj mjfr frmf mfge gejt jtee fll' fll'mj mjte terj rjdd `m gfjd gf jdsc scrm rmtt ttmm lf lftm tmjm jm,, d mj qufj qufjtd td pfrt pfrtee `m cd cdll llez ezmd mdjm jm `d `dgm gmjft jftee `f mgpr mgprdj djtf tf cdguje per cdjtejutd dvverd cdjcepmtm secdj`d uj prdhettd ujmtfrmd. Mj questm cfsm lf gd`flmtî `m trfscrmzmdje `em testm rdgfjzm â tdtflgejte fllmjeftf f quellf `em testm lftmjm pur fjcdrf prepdj`erfjtm jell'ecdjdgmf cdgplessmvf `em cd`mcm mjteressftm1 e sm trfttf, mj tuttm m cfsm, `m gfjdscrmttm lftmjm `m fltd d fjcbe fltmssmgd lmvelld.

2.3.9 ^remstdrmf; prftmcbe lmturhmcbe

 pdssmomle cbe f gdjte `m questm testm ve je idsserd fltrm fjfldhbm. ^er esegpmd, Gdla  bf rmesfgmjftd recejtegejte ujf testmgdjmfjzf `ell'mjmzmd `ell'RM secdld, quellf `el crdjmstf Oerjfr`d @”Fjhers, relftmvf fm pellehrmjfhhm f Cdjques lehftm fllf `evdzmdje  per Sfjtf Ie`e cbe fvevfjd ludhd mj quel tegpd; `urfjte m iestehhmfgejtm e fjcbe `ejt `e jtrd rd lf cbme cbmesf sf m pell pelleh ehrm rmjm jm mjtd mjtdjf jfvf vfjd jd `ell `ellee cf cfjt jtml mlej ejfe fe rust rustmc mcfe fe11 sm trft trfttf tf `m cdgpdjmgejtm `m idrgf dvvmfgejte jdj precmsfomle e perÿ certfgejte `m frhdgejtd relmhmdsd e cbe su questf ofse ml testmgdje hmu`mcf oejevdlgejte, cdge espressmdje `ell `e llff smgp smgplm lmcm cmtf tfs, s, mhjd mhjdrf rfjt jtmf mf e ir irfh fhml mlmt mtfs fs `em `em pe pell lleh ehrm rmjm jm.. Lf test testmg mgdj djmf mfjz jzff â `m specmflmssmgf rmlevfjzf, cdjsm`erftd cbe Cdjques sm trdvf fm lmgmtm `ellf rehmdje jellf qufle puÿ essere cdlldcftf, su ofse `mflettdldhmcf, l'drmhmje `ellf Cbfjsdj `e S.te Idy Idy.. 2.3.8 Idrge getrmcbe e stdrmf letterfrmf

Sm vfjjd jel tegpd `eimjej`d `ehlm fssettm testuflm vmf vmf pmý stfomlm e cdgplessm, cbe  preimhurfjd quellm `ellf letterfturf prdifjf `el secdld RMM e fttrfversd m quflm sm cdgmjcmf f `elmjefre ujf supregfzmf flgejd settdrmfle `el vdlhfre rmspettd fl lftmjd. Uj prmgd `ftd rmlevfjte â diiertd `fm getrm. @em `ue tmpm `m versm cbe rmcdrrdjd jehlm fjtmcbm testm fhmdhrfimcm, ml `ecfsyllfoe â ml getrd `dgmjfjte `elle cfjzdjm `m hestf, l”dctdsyllfoe `ellf pdesmf `m`fttmcf e jfrrftmvf dmtfjmcf, `estmjftf f `mlfhfre `fllf getî `el RMM secdld mj pdm. Smf per ml `ecfsyllfoe cbe per l”dctdsyllfoe sdjd stftm f``mtftm fjtece`ejtm pmý d gejd `mrettm mj tmpm `m versd fttestftm mj prece`ejzf jell'mjjdhrfimf re relm lmhm hmds dsff ge`m ge`mdlf dlftm tmjf jf.. Cdgu Cdgujq jque ue sm vdhl vdhlmf mf mjte mjtej` j`er eree ml rf rfpp ppdr drtd td trf trf gd`e gd`ell llmm ge`mdlftmjm e tmpm rdgfjzm, l”mgpdrtfjzf `ellf cdjjessmdje â mj`uoomf, sdprfttuttd mj

cdjsm`erfzmdje `el ifttd cbe m testm rdgfjzm versmimcftm erfjd tuttm `estmjftm fl cfjtd e cbee l”es cb l”esec ecuz uzmd mdje je,, per per qufjt qufjtdd je sfpp sfppmf mfgd gd,, rmcf rmcflc lcfv fvff le gd gd`f `flm lmtî tî vmhe vmhejt jtmm je jell llff trf`mzmdje clermcfle. Uj secdj`d fspettd cbe rmcbme`e rmcbme`e fttejzmdje fttejzmdje â quelld quelld `em gd`ellm `m drhf drhfjmzzfz jmzzfzmdje mdje e

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

rfhhruppfgejtd `em versm, mj oreve `elle idrge stdrmcbe. Cdj l'eccezmdje `ell'Eulflmf, tuttm m testm `m `mgejsmdjm fpprezzfomlm sdjd strutturftm d mj strdie d ml lfsse, cdgujque  orevm. L'dpmjmdje cdrrejte cmrcf m `ue gd`ellm `m drhfjmzzfzmdje strdimcf â cbe lf lfssf smf uj `ermvftd `ellf strdif, hmî fttestftf mj fgomtd ge`mdlftmjd, e cbe mj pfrtmcdlfre lf succ su cces essm smvf vf st strd rdif if ep epmc mcff `el `el _dlf _dlfj` j` `msc `mscej ej`f `f `fll `fllff strd strdif if `m cmjq cmjque ue vers versmm `el `el `ecfsyllfoes `el Sfmjt Flexms. Ml `m `msc scdr drsd sd jdj jdj puÿ puÿ es esse sere re rm rmst stre rett ttdd fm sdlm sdlm cdgp cdgpdj djmg mgej ejtm tm idrg idrgfl flm, m, mjte mjtesm sm cdge cdge cdstmtuejtm ujf hrmhlmf d dssfturf `m ofse, `m jfturf pre-testufle, ifttf `m gd`ellm  pdssmomlm `m versd e `m drhfjmzzfzmdje strdimcf. Le cdmjcm`ejze getrmcbe `m ifttm mgplmcfjd e mj quflcbe gd`d pdrtfjd cdj sí sdgmhlmfjze `m dr`mje gmcrd-testufle, jell”frtmcdlfzmdje `ellf irfse e jelle sdluzmdjm espressmve, trf testm fppfrtejejtm f hejerm `mversm. ^frtej`d `f questm `ftm pujtuflm â pdssmomle rmcdjdscere l'fiimjmtî retdrmcd-cdgpdsmtmvf cdgplessmvf cbe lehf `ue hruppm `m dpere; `f uj lftd sdprfttuttd m pmý tfr`m e cdgplessm `em pdegettm fhmdhrfimcm e mj prmgd ludhd ml St. Flexms, e `fll'fltrd le cfjzdjm `m hestf, f cdgmjcmfre cdj lf cbfjsdj `e _dlfj`. Specmfle e  pfrtmcdlfrgejte strettd â ml rfppdrtd cbe mjtercdrre trf Flexms e _dlfj`. Dltre fllf tecjmcf `m cdstruzmdje `el `ecfsmllfod, l'frtmcdlfzmdje getrmcd-jfrrftmvf cbe sm mgperjmf fssfm spessd su hruppm â`msmgmle strdiefjcbe `m mgpdstfzmdje smggetrmcf, cdstrumtm specmflgejte per hruppm `m tre ujmtî, cdj eiiettm `m rfllejtfgejtd `ell'fzmdje e `m  pdtejzmfgejtd `elle egdzmdjm. Ym Ym â qumj`m uj”fiimjmtf idrgfle specmimcf e foofstfjzf strmjhejte cbe mgplmcf, fl `m lî `ellf segplmce cderejzf crdjdldhmcf, uj'fiimjmtî sdstfjzmfle `m fgomejtm e `m puoolmcd e cdjimhurf ujf cdj`mzmdje `m cdjtfttd `mjfgmcd trf m `ue hejerm `ell”fhmdhrfimf vdlhfre e `ell'epmcf. Flexms e _dlfj` sdjd `ue reflmzzfzmdjm rmcdj`ucmomlm f `mversm mj`mrmzzm `m ujf ge`esmgf frte cdgpdsmtmvf e rf`mcfte jellf ge`esmgf culturf letterfrmf, oejcbí pdm `mversmssmge jell”mspmrfzmdje e jel smstegf `m vfldrm pdrtfjtm, qufjtd cm sm fspettereooe trf uj testd fhmdhrfimcdfscetmcd e uj”epmcf, certfgejte crmstmfjf, gf `fm trfttm huerrmerm e lfmcm.   2.3.2 Hedhrfimf e stdrmf `ellf letterfturf; Jdr` e su` mj fref hflld rdgfjzf

Prf m testm versmimcftm hflld-rdgfjzm, uj cfrfttere jettfgejte settejtrmdjfle â evm`ejte sdld jell”Eulflmf e jel St. Leher. @mversm testm vejhdjd `f zdje `m trfjsmzmdje, d  presejtfjd trfttm morm`m d prdolegftmcm, fjcbe mjterpretftm cdge elegejtm drmhmjfrm cum sm sdjd sdjd sdvrfp sdvrfppds pdste te succes successm smve ve st strft rftmim mimcfzm cfzmdjm djm lmj lmjhum humst stmcb mcbe, e, cdjjes cdjjesse se f pdssmo pdssmomlm mlm revmsmdjm sdstfjzmflm. Sm cdgmjcmf f percepmre uj'dppdsmzmdje jellf `mstrmouzmdje `em tmpm testuflm cbe ve`e ujf pre`dgmjfjzf `ellf lmjhuf `'dml jem hejerm jfrrftmvm, cum if `f cdjtrfppesd ujf fjtermdrmtî e pre`dgmjfjzf `ellf lmjhuf `dc jellf lmrmcf cdltf. Lf pfrtmzmdje bf cfrfttere `ecmsmvd; ml cdgplessd `ellf letterfturf rdgfjzf ge`mevfle sm cdstmtumrî jellf suf frtmcdlfzmdje `m idrge e hejerm f pfrtmre `f pujtm `m rmiermgejtd cdstmtumtm

`fll'fgomtd dmtfjmcd per tuttf lf jfrrftmvf e per flcuje espressmdjm lmrmcbe `m tmpd ofssd e `m cdjtejutd idlaldrmcd-trf`mzmdjfle, e `ell'fgomtd dccmtfjmcd per lf lmrmcf e cdltf d `”frte `m gftrmce cdrtese.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

2.3.= Fssejzf `el cejtrd e pre`dgmjfjzf `ellf permiermf mj fref dmtfjmcf

Fll'mjterjd `ell'fref dmtfjmcf sm `elmjef cdj suiimcmejte precmsmdje ujf cfrfttermstmcf `m idj`d `ellf `mstrmouzmdje hedhrfimcf `ellf prd`uzmdje e cmrcdlfzmdje `em testm letterfrm, `estmjftf f pergfjere imjd fl RMMM secdld mjdltrftd. M prmg prmgmm cejtrm cejtrm `m cultu culturf rf vdlhfre vdlhfre irfjcese irfjcese sdjd relftmvfgejte relftmvfgejte permiermcm permiermcm jem cdjir cdjirdjtm djtm `ellf cfpmtfle. @f ujf pfrte lf ^mccfr`mf-Yflldjmf `fll'fltrf ml ^dmtdu. F queste `ue free sm fhhmujhe f pfrtmre `fllf imje `ell'RM secdld quellf fjhld-jdrgfjjf, cbe svdlhe ujf iujzmdje `etergmjfjte smjd fl terzd qufrtd `el RMM secdld, fiimfjcftf, `fllf getî `elld stessd RMM secdld, `f fltre free jdj cejtrflm, cdge lf Cbfgpfhje e lf Ldrejf, cbe sm fhhmujhdjd sull'fsse drmejtfle fllf rehmdje pmccfr`d-vflldje. E se â verd cbe m  prmgm testm `m drmhmje cejtrfle fppfmdjd `fllf imje `el RMM secdld, ^frmhm jdj cdgmjcerî f rmvestmre uj rudld `m quflcbe rmlmevd, cdge cfpmtfle fjcbe `elle lettere vdlhfrm, cbe fll”epdcf `m Sfj Lumhm, fllf getî `el RMMM secdld, qufj`d ejtrerfjjd  pdtejtegejte mj hmdcd lf cdrte rehmf, l'ujmversmtî e fjcbe lf scudlf gusmcfle `m Jdtre@fge, quflm judvm pdlm culturflm `m rmiermgejtd, `estmjftm f `dgmjfre ml pfjdrfgf `elle lettere hmî f`dve pfrtmre secdld. Mj frefirfjcesm dccmtfjmcf, dccmtfjmcf, jdj`fllf vm â imje ujf `el cfpmtfle cfpmtfl e e jdj vm â jeppure jeppure ujf zdjf cbe pdssf pdssf fhmre `f verd e prdprmd cejtrd hedhrfimcd `m fttrfzmdje e `dve esmstdjd mjvece pmý cejt cejtrm rm rehm rehmdj djfl flm, m, lf pr preg egmje mjejz jzff mjmz mjmzmf mfle le `ell `ell'f 'fre reff lmgd lmgdsm smjf jf â `f spme spmehf hfre re cdj cdj lf  presejzf `m cejtrm `m culturf relmhmdsf mgpdrtfjtm, trf m quflm sm sehjflf cdj iujzmdje  prmgfrmf mj questf ifse pmý fjtmcf ml g gdjfsterd djfsterd `m Sfj Gfrzmfle f Lmgdhes. 2.3.6> Prf Prf premstdrmf e stdrmf; l'fppfrmzmdje `ellf tegftmcf te gftmcf cdrtese

Cdjvme Cdjv meje je sdi sdiierg iergfr frsm sm uj ft fttm tmg gd sum sum ir irfg fgge gejt jtmm `m lmrm lmrmcf cf fgdr fgdrds dsff pr prec ecdr drte tese se mj`mvm`uftm `f Omscbdii (2.6.69), cdgmjcmfj`d cdj `ue dsservfzmdjm su pujtm rmlevfjtm `em prezmdsmssmgm repertm. Mjjfjzmtuttd, lf `mscrepfjzf lmjhumstmcf `m ofse â essejzmfle; ml cdpmstf fjjdtf ml testd estrfjed cbe l”bf cdlpmtd. Secdj`frmfgejte, ld spfzmd `el cd`mce utmlmzzftd â ques esttf vdltf `fvverd gfrhmjfle, mj`mzmd `f uj lftd `ell'd `el l'dccfs ccfsmdj mdjflm flmtî tî e idrtuj idrtujdsm dsmtî tî `ellf `ellf cdjserv cdjservfzm fzmdje dje,, `fl `fll'f l'fltr ltrdd `el `ellf lf sds sdstfj tfjzmf zmfle le gfrh gf rhmj mjfl flmt mtî, î, `f mjte mjtej` j`er eree cdge cdge strf strfje jezz zzff lmjh lmjhum umst stmc mcff gf fjcb fjcbee cdge cdge `mve `mvers rsmt mtîî culturfle `m idj`d `ellf gftermf lmrmcf `em `ue irfggejtm rmspettd fll'fgomejte jel qufle vejjerd fccdltm.  Jellf suf segplmcmtî, ml idlhdrfjte irfggejtd fjtmcmpf mjterm cfpmtdlm `elle letterfture rdgfjze successmve. Cdsì, `f uj fltd l”mggfhmje `ellf trfsidrgfzmdje mj uccelld ifjtfstmcd per rfhhmujhere l”fgftf, prdprmf `ellf trf`mzmdje idlaldrmcf e rmcdrrejte jellf lmrmcf `m mspmrfzmdje ofssf e jdj cdrtese, â ifttf prdprmf `f Gfrme `e Irfjce cdge jucled jfrrftmvd `el sud Lfm `e ]djec, rfccdjtd cbe rmprdpdje mj cbmfve cdrtese uj gdtmvd `ermvftd `fl idlaldre celtmcd, pdm f suf vdltf rmelfodrftd jellf ifvdlmstmcf

gd`erj gd`e rjff cdltf cdltf11 `fll `fll”f ”flt ltrd rd lf idrg idrgul ulff `m ft fttf tfcc ccdd pr pref efjj jjujc ujcmf mf quel quellf lf cbe cbe vmej vmejee svmluppftf mj ujf lmrmcf `m Oerjfrt `e Yejtf`drj, `ftfomle fhlm fjjm 665>-668>, e qumj`m, cdge lf rmpresf jfrrftmvf `m Gfrme `e Irfjce, pdstermdre `m uj secdld fllf strdiettf.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

  2.3.66 2.3.6 6P Prf rf premstdrmf e stdrmf; smjhdlfrmtî `el irfggejtd `m _dgfj `”Flexfj`re

Ml pdeg pdegff `m Floe Floerm rmcc â `f cdjs cdjsm` m`er erfr free ml cf cfpds pdstm tmpm pmte te `ell `ellee su succ cces essm smve ve juger jugerds dsee rmelfodrfz rmelf odrfzmdjm mdjm hflld-rdgfjze hflld-rdgfjze `ellf lehhej`f `m Flessfj`r Flessfj`rdd e` â prdofomle prdofomle cbe fjcbe fllf ldrd idrtujf sm `eoof mgputfre l”eclmsse qufsm tdtfle `ellf re`fzmdje pmý fjtmcf. Ml pdegf `m Floermc Floermc sm cdlldcf cdlldcf mj ujf pdsmzmdje pdsmzmdje crucmfle `m sjd`d trf hejerm `mversm `mversm e fjcbe fjc be tr trff mjtere mjtere trf`mz trf`mzmdj mdjmm `mstmj `mstmjte te `ellf `ellf letter letterftu fturf rf hflldhflld-rdg rdgfjz fjzff `elle `elle drmhmj drmhmjm. m. L'frhdgejtd `el pdegf â svmluppftd successmvfgejte mj dpere cbe clfssmimcbmfgd fomtuflgejte cdge rdgfjzm. ^er cdjversd, lf suf idrgf â prdssmgf f quellf `em  pdegettm fhmdhrfimcm `ell'RM secdld e jdj ldjtfjf `f quellf `ell”epmcf pmý fjtmcf. L' L'ft ftte tehh hhmf mfge gejt jtdd `ell `ell'f 'fut utdr dree mj`u mj`uce ce f cdlld cdlldcf cfre re ml pd pdeg eget ettd td mj fg fgom omej ejte te cdlt cdltd, d, qufjtdgejd scdlfstmcd, cderejtegejte cdj l'frhdgejtd, e` â perÿ smhjmimcftmvf lf sceltf `el vdlhfre e lf hmustmimcfzmdje cbe ehlm je `î. Lf lmjhuf mjimje, jdj â dgdh dg dhej ejef ef,, gf cdg cdgpdsm pdsmtf tf,, cdg cdge fccf fccf`e `e per per `mve `mvers rsmm fltr fltrmm test testmm `el `el `d `dgm gmjm jmdd irfjcdprdvejzfle e `el @elimjftd e presejtf lf gescdlfjzf `m trfttm `m drmhmjm `miierejtm fjcbe f lmvelld `m lmjhuf letterfrmf. @mifttm trdvmfgd iejdgejm lmjhumstmcm settejtrmdjflm fccfjtd f` fltrm germ`mdjflm, cdgplessmvfgejte prevflejtm e idrse `dvutm prdcessd `m trfsgmssmdje. Lf lmjhuf `ell”Flexfj`re pdje cdsì f cdjtfttd, iuse ejtrdflujd stessd testd, le `ue trf`mzmdjm lmjhumstmcd-letterfrme cbe sm fj`fvfjd flldrf `elmjefj`d1 pmý fjcdrf cbe lf pdssmomlmtî `m ujf cdjcretf cdjimhurfzmdje sul pmfjd `mflettdldhmcd mj ujf zdjf zdjf ei eiiet iettmv tmvfge fgejte jte `m trfjsm trfjsmzmd zmdje, je, cdsf cdsf cbe â perflt perfltrd rd pdssm pdssmoml omlee ftt fttrfv rfvers ersdd l'mj`mvm`ufzmdje `el terrmtdrmd irfjcd-prdvejzfle cdge presugmomle fref `m drmhmje `el  pdegettd, fppfre smhjmimcftmvf lf sceltf `ell'futdre `m ` m utmlmzzfre cdjtegpdrfjefgejte elegejtm elege jtm cfrftterm cfrfttermzzfjtm zzfjtm `m ejtrfgoe ejtrfgoe le trf`mzmdjm trf`mzmdjm lmjhumstm lmjhumstmcd-le cd-letter tterfrme frme egerhejtm egerhejtm `ell'fref hflld-rdgfjzf, cbe evm`ejtegejte `dvevfjd hmî fm sudm dccbm fvere fssujtd imsmdjdgme tfjtd smhjmimcftmve, `m certd jdj sul pmfjd lmjhumstmcd-`mflettdldhmcd, oejsì su quelld lmjhumstmcd-letterfrmd. E cdj l'dperf `m Floer Floermc mc smfgd mjtdrjd fll'fjjd 66>>. 2.3.6? 2.3.6 ? Lf Cbfjsdj `e Sfmjt Flexms Flexms cdge pujtd `m svdltf jelle drmhmjm rdg rdgfjze fjze

L'fppfrmz L'fppf rmzmdj mdjee `el St. Flexms Flexms cdrrms cdrrmspdj` pdj`ee f ujf svdltf svdltf sds sdstfj tfjzmf zmfle. le. Lf lehhej lehhej`f `f `ell'udgd `m @md, `m fltm jftflm e cbe rmjujcmf perÿ `el tuttd fl prdprmd rfjhd e fllf  prdprmf ifgmhlmf per ujf vmtf sdlmtfrmf `m gej`mcfjte cbe ld cdj`uce smj `ejtrd lf cfsf  pfterjf, â mj`uoomfgejte mj sí pfrtmcdlfrgejte tdccfjte e `dvette `fre vdce f ujf serme `m mjqumetu`mjm e `m judve sejsmomlmtî cbe sm fiifccmfvfjd jel gdj`d dccm`ejtfle `dpd ml 6>>>. Essf â mjterpretftf mj vdlhfre mj uj testd `m cdjsm`erevdle quflmtî letterfrmf, cbe dccupf ujf pdsmzmdje jd`fle jelld svmluppd `elle idrge rdgfjze. Ml  pdegettd hd`ette `m `urevdle idrtujf jel tegpd e lf suf persmstejzf â cdjiergftf `fl jugerd cdjsmstejte `m testmgdjm `m `mversf prdvejmejzf cbe ce ld bfjjd trfsgessd. M gfjdscrmttm sdjd scfhlmdjftm sull'frcd `m dltre uj secdld e gezzd e sdjd drmhmjfrm smf

`ell'Mjhbmlterrf jdrgfjjf smf `el cdjtmjejte. Â lf `mgdstrfzmdje `ellf presejzf `m ujf trf`mzmdje culturfle e letterfrmf rdgfjzf drgfm idrtegejte stfomlmtf. Ml gfjdscrmttd smhlftd L jellf trf`mzmdje `el St. Flexms presejtf per lf prmgf vdltf uj test testdd rd rdgf gfjz jzdd mjse mjserm rmtd td mj pdsm pdsmzm zmdj djee `m hr hrfj fj`e `e evm` evm`ej ejzf zf ejtr ejtrdd uj gf gfjd jdsc scrm rmtt ttdd

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

gdjfstmcd `m fltmssmgd lmvelld quflmtftmvd e cdge pfrte cdspmcuf `m uj prdhettd drhfjmcd cdgplessmvd, cbe ld ve`e fiimfjcftd `f uj lftd f ujf rfiimhurfzmdje pmttdrmcf `ellf vmtf `m Crmstd, cdgpdstf `f `ecmje `m mllustrfzmdjm f pmejf pfhmjf, `fll'fltrd f ujf sezmdje idrgftf `fm sflgm e `f ujf cdllezmdje `m cfjtmcf e mjjm; ml pdegettd vdlhfre cdgpfre cdsì trf l”fltrd, mj pdsmzmdje jdj suodr`mjftf, f imfjcd `m ujd `em gfssmgm esegpm `m scrmtturf sfcrf mj lftmjd. Mjdltre cdj ml gfjdscrmttd F, `ellf imje `el RMM secdld, mjcdjtrmfgd ujd `em gfssmgm esegpm mjtehrflgejte cdjservftm `m gfjdscrmttm rdgfjzm, dssmf `m lmorm prdhettftm e reflmzzftm per fccdhlmere sdld testm vdlhfrm, trf l'fltrd mj questd cfsd lehftm trf ldrd `f elegejtm ele gejtm fpprezzfomlm `m cderejzf. @ftd egolegftmcd cmrcf ml gdgejtd `m svdltf jem rfppdrtm trf letterfturf lftmjf e letterfture vdlhfrm â lf `mpej`ejzf `ell'mjjd lftmjd ^fter `eus mjhejmte `f ujf versmdje rdgfjzf `ellf vmtf `el Sfjtd cbe jdj `dvevf essere gdltd `miierejte `f quellf cdjservftf. Cmÿ cbe per jdm pmý mgpdrtf â cbe sm bf qum ujf prmgf `mgdstrfzmdje evm`ejte `ell'mjiluejzf `mrettf `m uj cdgpdrtfgejtd rdgfjzd `fm trfttm strutturftm su uj cdgpdjmgejtd lftmjd, qumj`m `m uj'mjiluejzf trf le `ue letterfturf cbe cdgmjcmf f` essere tfjhmomlgejte omujmvdcf.

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

=. Le letterfture rdgfjze ge`mevflm =.6 ^ejmsd ^ejmsdlf lf moe moermcf rmcf e Mtflmf

 dppdrtujdf hrfj`m mjjfjzmtuttd flcuje pergettfjd `m mjquf`rfre lmjee ld`eimjmre svmluppd `ellecddr`mjfte letterfture crdjdldhmcbe jellf _dgîjmfcbe dccm`ejtfle. @ue  pujtm `m rmiermgejtd mgpdrtfjtm sdjd `ftm `fhlm fjjm 66>> e 6?>>, dssmf `fhlm mjmzm `el RMM e `el RMMM secdld. Foomfgd vmstd cdge mjtdrjd fl 66>> jelle `mverse rehmdjm `ell”fref lmjhumstmcf hflldrdgfjzf sm cdgmjcmfjd f `eimjmre cejtrm e trf`mzmdjm `m uj”fttmvmtî letterfrmf mj vdlhfre mj vmf `m rfpm`f fiiergfzmdje. M sehjflm sdjd sejsmomlm hmî `fllf imje `el secdld RM; sm  pejsm fjcbe sdld f` uj mj`mzmd `ellf idrzf `ellf Jdtf Egmlmfjejse e sm â `ettd cdge lf cdgpdsmzmdje e lf prmgf idrtujf `ellf Cbfjsdj `e St. Flexms, Flexms, f cfvflld fppujtd trf RM e RMM secdld, sehjm per vfrme rfhmdjm uj pujtd `m svdltf jellf vmcej`f `elle drmhmjm `elle letterfture rdgfjze. Uj”ultermdre svdltf sm rehmstrf f cmrcf uj secdld `m `mstfjzf, mjtdrjd fl 6?>> d pdcd dltre, mj cdmjcm`ejzf `el pfssfhhmd trf RMM e RMMM secdld. Lf svdltf, fccertfomle fjcbe sullff ofse `ellf `dcugejtfzmdje sull `dcugejtfzmdje cdjservftf cdjservftf e jdj pmý sdld mpdtmzzfomle mpdtmzzfomle sullf ofse `m mj`mzm e trfcce spessd mjim`e d `eodlm, cdjcerje pressdcbí cdjtegpdrfjefgejte lf  pejmsdlf moermcf e l”Mtflmf. l”Mtflmf.  Jellf ^ejmsdlf Moermcf cdjstftmfgd smf l”fvvmd `m ujf trf`mzmdje lmrmcf futdctdjf mj lmjh lmjhuf uf hfle hflehd hd-p -pdr drtd tdhb hbes esee smf smf lf cdgpd cdgpdsm smzm zmdj djee `el `el cf cfpd pdst stmp mpmt mtee `e `ell llff lett letter erft ftur urff cfstmhlmfjf ge`mevfle, ml ^degf `e gmd cm`, pdegf epmcd mj tre cfjtfres jel qufle sdjd rmevdcfte le mgprese `m _d`rmhd @mfz `e Omvfr, Omvfr, erde `ellf _ecdjqumstf. Lf pmý fjtmcf cfjtmhf hflehd-pdrtdhbese â `ftfomle fl 66=9; sm trfttf `m uj testd sftmrmcd f sidj`d pdlmtmcd cdgpdstd `f Kdbfj Sdfrez `e ^fvmf “Drf rmujmsce l”esercmtd ml Smhjdre `m Jfvfrrf‗. Lf trf`mzmdje lmrmcf hflehd-pdrtdhbese sm estej`e `fll”ultmgd scdrcmd `el secdld RMM imjd fl RMY mjdltrftd, cdj cfrftterm fssfm idrtm `m cdjtmjumtî mjterjf jehlm fspettm idrgflm e tegftmcm. Suf cfrfttermstmcf essejzmfle â l”f`dzmdje, cdge elegejtd cdstmtutmvd pdstd f prdprmf ofse e idj`fgejtd, `m ujf sdlf lmjhuf  pdetmcf f gftrmce mjjfjzmtuttd hflehf e pdm tmjtfsm `m trfttm pdrtdhbesm jel cdrsd `ellf suf evdluzmdje e sdprfttuttd f` dperf `em trdvftdrm pmý tfr`m `m drmhmje lusmtfjf. Vuestf lmjhuf vejje f`dttftf sejsmomlgejte fjcbe `f futdrm jdj drmhmjfrm `ellf Hflmzmf e jdj lehftm specmimcfgejte f cejtrm `m quellf rehmdje. L”esegpmd gfssmgd e` egolegftmcd â quelld `el re `m Cfstmhlmf e Ledj, Flidjsd R, lf cum cdrte `m Pdle`d â rmcdjdscmutf cdge gfssmgd cejtrd prdgdtdre `m ujf trf`mzmdje `m prdsf cfstmhlmfjf `m fltd lmvelld; Flid Fl idjs jsdd iu ehlm ehlm stes stessd sd pdet pdetff pr prdi difj fjdd mj hfle hflehd hd e f`dt f`dttÿ tÿ qu ques estf tf lmjh lmjhuf uf per per lf gdjugejtfle rfccdltf `m Cfjtm mj djdre `ellf Yerhmje Gfrmf `f lum prdgdssf e jellf cum reflmzzfzmdje mjtervejje `m certd `mrettfgejte.

^er rmhufr`f pmý prdprmfgejte cfstmhlmfjd e mlultmgmssmgm ^degf `e fjjm gmd cm`, tuttequfjtd le mj`fhmjm pmý l”fgomtd recejtm cdjverhdjd jell”fssehjfre fhlm `el secdld RMM d fm prmgmssmgm `el RMMM ml pdegf cdsì cdge cdjservftd jel gfjdscrmttd ujmcd. ^rdtfhdjmstf â _d`rmhd @mfz, `ettd fppujtd “ml cm`‗, vfssflld scfccmftd `fllf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

cdrte `m Flidjsd YM `m Cfstmhlmf e Ledj jel 6>26 e `f flldrf prdtfhdjmstf `m ujf serme `m spe`mzmdjm iudrm `fm cdjimjm `el rehjd, prmgf cdjtrd ml cdjte `m Ofrcelldjf e pdm cdjtrd hlm Frfom, fm quflm rmuscì f strfppfre persmjd lf hrfj`e cmttî `m Yflejcmf. _d`rmhd @mfz mgpersdjmimcf m cfrftterm `m uj tmpd, epmcd e ugfjd, prdprmfgejte cfstmh cfs tmhlmf lmfjd; jd; erde erde `m ifgmhl ifgmhlmf mf jdomle jdomle,, gf jdj fppfrt fppfrteje ejejte jte fll fll”fl ”fltf tf frm frmst stdcr dcrfzm fzmf, f, vfldrdsd gf fjcbe mjsdiierejte e prdtfhdjmstf cdsì `m ujf rmoellmdje cdjtrd ml prdprmd re, `m cdjsehuejzf espulsd e ofj`mtd `fl rehjd gf cfpfce `m rmcdjqumstfre lf `mhjmtî e ml ifvdre `el sdvrfjd hrfzme flle prdprme mgprese e `m `miej`ere pdm l”djdre `elle  prdprme imhlme ugmlmfte `f gfrmtm mjvm`mdsm prdvejmejtm `f ujf ifgmhlmf `ellf pmý fltf jdomltî. @dpd ml cm` e drgfm `ejtrd ml secdld RMMM sehumfgd m prmgm pfssm `m ujf letterfturf cfstmhlmfj cfstm hlmfjff fjcdrf mj cercf fjcbe `m uj prdprmd prdprmd cfjdje idrgfle, idrgfle, `estmjftd `estmjftd f `eimjm `eimjmrsm rsm mjtdrjd flle imhure `m Hdjzfld `e Oerced e pdm sdprfttuttd `m Flidjsd R. Mj Mtflmf, m prmgm testm letterfrm cdgmjcmfjd f` fppfrmre `dpd l”fjjd 66>>, spfrsm lujhd ml cdrsd `el secdld e cdj ujf cdjcejtrfzmdje smhjmimcftmvf jehlm ultmgm `ecejjm. Â mjjfjzmtuttd cdjservftd uj orevmssmgd irfggejtd `ellf getî `el secdld RMM jdtd cdge ^mfjtd `ellf Yerhmje `m Gdjtecfssmjd, cdstmtumtd `f tre versm mjtrd`dttm `f ujf `m`fscflmf Sm trfttf `ellfcbe sezmdje cdjclusmvf `m cdl uj testd mj lftmjd, ujdmj`mlftmjd. quem cdgpdjmgejtm sm â sdlmtm mj`mcfre jdge`rfggfturhmcd hejermcd `m sfcre rfppresejtfzmdjm, relftmvd, mj questd cfsd, fllf ^fssmdje e pfrte `ujque `el cmcld  pfsqufle cbe â lfrhfgejte fttestftd jell”Eurdpf Ge`mevfle, vmvejte jelle trf`mzmdjm relmhmdse pdpdlfrm `em secdlm successmvm e smjd fm hmdrjm jdstrm. M tre versm vdlhfrm cdgpfmdjd fjcbe mj uj pmý fgpmd ^mfjtd `ellf Yerhmje trfsgessd `f tre gfjdscrmttm sejsmomlgejte pdstermdrm, stfhmdjftm stfhmdjftm trf lf imje `el RMMM e lf getî `el RMY secdld. Sm bf `ujque l”mgpressmdje cbe m tre versm mjsermtm fllf imje `el `rfggf lftmjd smfjd stftm estr estrft fttm tm `f uj cdgpd cdgpdjm jmge gejt jtdd vdlh vdlhfr free hm hmîî es esms mste tejt jtee f quell quell”e ”epdc pdcf, f, se seoo ooeje eje jdj jdj jecessfrmfgejte mj tuttd cdmjcm`ejte cdj quelld pdm fttestftd. Ml `ftd fppfre cdjcdr`e cdj qufjtd qum pmý vdlte rmlevftd cmrcf ml rfppdrtd `m `mpej`ejzf trf culturf lftmjf e culturf vdlhfre jellf ifse `m hestfzmdje `elle trf`mzmdjm rdgfjze; â ml testd lftmjd cbe idrjmsce ml cdjtejmtdre cbe puÿ fccdhlmere e preservfre jelld scrmttd uj testd vdlhfre `flld stftutd jdj fjcdrf precmsftd, per fltrd cdlldcftd jellf pdsmzmdje gfssmgfgejte evm`ejte `m clfusdlf imjfle. _estfj`d mj Mtflmf, f imfjcd `el ^mfjtd sdjd `f rmcdr`fre flcujm fltrm cdgpdjmgejtm `m tegftm teg ftmcf cf relmhm relmhmdsf dsf prdvej prdvejmej mejtm tm segpre segpre `fll” `fll”fre freff ge`mfj ge`mfjff cbe ve`evf ve`evf fjcdrf fjcdrf jem gdjfsterm oeje`ettmjm, f cdgmjcmfre `f quelld `m Gdjtecfssmjd, m cejtrm culturflm idj`fg idj `fgejtf ejtflm; lm; ml _mtgd _mtgd cfssmj cfssmjese ese,, ml _mtgd _mtgd su Sfjt”F Sfjt”Fles lessmd smd gfrcbm gfrcbmhmf hmfjd, jd, prmgd prmgd f`fttfgejtd jellf pejmsdlf `ellf lehhej`f sfcrf tfjtd mgpdrtfjte jellf letterfturf hflld-rdgfjzf `elle drmhmjm. Sm fiifccmf fjcbe, perÿ, ujf prd`uzmdje prdifjf, `m tegftmcf pdlmtmcf e cmvmle, mspmrftf `fm cdjilmttm cbe trfvfhlmfjd ml gdj`d cdgujfle e fttrfversd m quflm sm cdgmjcmf f

mjtrfve`ere trf elegejtm cdrtesm e ieu`flm, cdjjdtftm hflldrdgfjzm, e` elegejtm elegejtm l”mjtersezmdje `m culturf culturf cmttf`mjf. cmttf`mjf . Ml pmý fjtmcd fjtmc d testd test d pdetmcd pdetmc`fm d `ellf Pdscfjf Pdscfjf cejtrfle, cejtrfle, ml _mtgd Lfurejzmfjd, cdgpdstd pdcd prmgf `el 6?>>, presejtf lf ge`esmgf cmirf cdgplessmvf, f`fttftf perÿ f uj cdgpdjmgejtd hmullfrescd e scberzdsd. Sm trfttf, perÿ, sdld `m fvvmsfhlme. Â jdtd f tuttm cbe l”fvvmd `m ujf verf e prdprmf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

letterfturf jfzmdjfle mj Mtflmf â mj vfrmd gd`d sehjftd `fll”mjmzmd `el RMMM secdld. Ml Cfjtmcd `elle Crefture `m Sfj Irfjcescd, rmprej`ej`d fspettm `m trf`mzmdje ge`mfjf e mjjdvfj`d perÿ mj gfjmerf `el tuttd drmhmjfle sul irdjte `ell”fssettd testufle, fpre ujf stfhmdje `urfjte lf qufle sm puÿ reflgejte gmsurfre lf spmjtf creftmvf `ellf letterfturf mj Mtflmf. @f uj lftd, e sullf lmjef gfhhmdre, lf Scudlf pdetmcf smcmlmfjf cdstmtumtfsm fttdrjd f Ie`ermcd MM, mjfuhurf ujf trf`mzmdje `m lmrmcf mjtdrjd fllf qufle, f pfrtmre `fllf ge`mfzmdje Pdscfjf, sm stfomlmsce trf RMMM e RMY secdld lf ofse stessf `ellf lmjhuf letterfrmf mtflmfjf. =.? Crdj Crdjdldhm dldhmf f fssdlut fssdlutf f e relftmv relftmvf f

Scdjtfj`d quflcbe segplmimcfzmdje, â pfrsd utmle cercfre `m rmfssugere ml quf`rd crdjdldhmcd hldofle `em rfppdrtm trf letterfture rdgfjze e trf`mzmdjm gfjdscrmtte cdjservfte mj ujf smjtesm hrfimcf strutturftf per gfcrd-free, cbe, per rfhmdjm `m segplmcmtî e` evm`ejzf espdsmtmvf, fssdcmf; sdttd l”etmcbettf `m Irfjcmf, tuttf lf rehmdje hflld-rdgfjzf, qumj`m smf l”fref 

dmtfjmcf cbe dccmtfjmcf, cdj fvvertejzf; trf`mzmdje gfjd gf jdsc scrm rmtt ttff quellf cdjs cdjser ervf vftf tf `el `el se secd cdld ldujfRMM RM`uplmce M cdjc cdjcer erje jejt jtee test testmcbe m dmtf dmlf tfjm jmcm cm â mj lfrh lfrhbm bmss ssmg mgff pfrt pfrtee cdst cdstmt mtum umtf tf `f cd`m cd`mcm cm `m dr drmh mhmj mjee fjhl fjhldj djdr drgf gfjj jjf1 f1 cbe cbe lf trf`mzmdje gfjdscrmttf `ellf lmrmcf `em trdvftdrm prdvejzflm, dssmf `el hejere lett letter erfr frmd md `m hr hrfj fj lujh lujhff pmý pmý sm smhj hjmi mimc mcft ftmv mvdd elfo elfodr drft ftdd mj qu ques estf tf lmjh lmjhuf uf â cdgplessmvfgejte tfr`f, `fl gdgejtd cbe essf cdjilumsce tuttf mj hrfj`m rfccdlte repertdrmflm cbe jdj rmgdjtfjd f prmgf `el 6?5>, `ujque f` ujf ifse jellf qufle sm fjjujcmf l”esfurmgejtd `ellf scudlf1 sdttd l”etmcbettf `m Spfhjf, le vfrme free moermcbe, Cftfldhjf cdgpresf, cdj l”fvvertejzf questf vdltf cbe lf qufjtmtî `m testm pdrtdhbesm ge`mevflm â gmjmgf smjd f` ujf `ftf fssfm fvfjzftf e cbe pfrmgejtm gmjmgf â lf qufjtmtî `m gfjdscrmttm ge`mevflm cdjservftm. Mj sdstfjzf, qufjtd `ettd cmrcf lf crdjdldhmf `em testm trdvf rmscdjtrd jelle trf`mzmdjm gfjdscrmtte, cbe sdjd uj”mgpdrtfjte spmf `ellf jfturf e quflmtî `em smstegm culturflm. M gfjdscrmttm irfjcesm cdjservftm `el secdld RMM sdjd relftmvfgejte jugerdsm, gf fjcdrf ifcmlgejte cdgputfomlm e dr`mjfomlm. Fl cdjtrfrmd, ml jugerd `em gfjdscrmttm `uecejtescbm mtflmfjm â fjcdrf rmstrettmssmgd (m tre hrfj`m cfjzdjmerm fjtmcbm `ellf lmrmcf `elle drmhmjm, m prmgm cd`mcm `ellf pdesmf `m`fttmcf settejtrmdjfle, ml Lfu`frmd `m Cdrtdjf, flcuje rfccdlte `m testm `m`fttmcm mj prdsf `m prdvejmejzf tdscfjf; lf gfhhmdr   pfrte `m questm gfjdscrmttm â `f rmcdj`urre fll”ultmgd scdrcmd `el secdld). Fjfldhfgejte, m pdcbm cd`mcm `uecejtescbm `m drmhmje spfhjdlf sdjd pressdcbí tuttm `f fssdcmfre f uj ludhd e f ujf smtufzmdje pfrtmcdlfrmssmgf, dssmf fllf cdrte cfstmhlmfjf `m Flidjsd R, cbe iu fl tegpd stessd hrfj`e cejtrd culturfle e hrfj`e diimcmjf 

scrmttdrmf, dssmf ludhd smf `m cdgpmlfzmdje `m trfscrmzmdje `elle dpere. @dpd l”fjjd 63>> sm rehmstrf uj”ultermdresmf svdltf per tfjtm fspettm `ecmsmvf mj tuttf lf _dgîjmf letterfrmf e `m sehjd `mversd; gejtre sm fttejuf lf cejtrflmtî irfjcese e vmeje gejd `el tuttd, d qufsm `el tuttd, ml pujtd `m rmiermgejtd rfppresejtftd `fllf lmrmcf cdrtes cdr tesee prdvej prdvejzfl zfle, e, sm `elmje `elmjefjd fjd vfrme vfrme trf`mz trf`mzmdj mdjmm jfz jfzmdj mdjflm flm,, cbe fppfmd fppfmdjd jd drgfm drgfm

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

sfl`fgejte cdstmtumte e prdvvmste cmfscujf `m prdprm trfttm cfrfttermzzfjtm e `mstmjtmvm. Fjzm, gejtre lf Huerrf `em Cejt”fjjm (630>-605>) â cfusf `m ujf prdidj`f crmsm gfte gf term rmfl flee e cult cultur urfl flee mj Ir Irfj fjcm cmf, f, ml Pre rece cejt jtdd ve`e ve`e l”fu l”fute tejt jtmc mcff es espl plds dsmd mdje je `ell `ellff letterfturf vdlhfre mtflmfjf e, sdprfttuttd, l”fugejtd espdjejzmfle `el jugerd `em cd`mcm cdjservftm, rfppresejtftmvm `m tuttm m hejerm `ellf culturf scrmttf. =.3 Gd` Gd`flm flmtî tî e tegp tegpmm

Ejtrd ml prdcessd `”mjsmege `m svmluppd `elle letterfture rdgfjze trf RM-RMM e RMY secdld â dppdrtujd sdiiergfrsm su `ue fspettm `m pdrtftf cdgplessmvf; m pfssfhhm cbe  pdrtfjd fllf cdstmtuzmdje `m ujf cmvmltî letterfrmf vdlhfre e fl cdjsdlm`fgejtd `m ujf suf specmimcf gegdrmf, e le `mversmtî jem tegpm e jelle veldcmtî trf le free. Frgfj`d ^etruccm, pejsfj`d fllf refltî mtflmfjf e `eimjej`d tuttfvmf uj gd`elld fpplmcfomle fjcbe flle smtufzmdjm hflld-rdgfjzf e moerd-rdgfjzf, bf smjtetmzzftd cdj hrfj`e eiimcfcmf ml succe`ersm `m vfrme ifsm ejtrd cum vf `mstrmoumtd l”mjsmege `elle testmgdjmfjze scrmtte `ehlm usm letterfrm `ellf lmjhuf vdlhfre; 6. trfcce; trfcce; fttestfzmdj fttestfzmdjmm spfrse, spfrse, `mpej`ejtm `mpej`ejtm fjcbe idrgflgej idrgflgejte te `fllf lmjhuf lmjhuf lftmjf, lftmjf, spessd trf ldrd msdlftepere rfhhruppfomlm fl pmý mj smstegm `fm cdjjdtftm jeutrm1 questf ifse cdmjcm`e l”Mtflmf cdm secdlm RM-RMM1 ?. gfcc gfccbm bme; e; ft ftte test stfzm fzmdj djmm cbe cbe sm rf rfhh hhru rupp ppfj fjdd mj fr free ee e ce cejt jtrm rm cu cult ltur urfl flmm cb cbee cdg cd gmjcmf jcmfjd jd f` fver fveree trf rftttm `ms `mstmjt tmjtmv mvmm `m cult cultur urff vdl vdlhf hfre re e cbe cbe jdj jdj jecessfrmfgejte rmsultfjd mj vmtfle cdjjessmdje recmprdcf1 mj Mtflmf questd sm vermimcf jel RMMM secdld1 3. tessut tessutd; d; â lf ifse `ellf gfturm gfturmtî, tî, dssmf dssmf `ellf `eimjmz `eimjmzmdj mdjee `m ujf trf trf`mz `mzmdj mdjee letterfrmf cbe tej`e f` fssugere cfrftterm jfzmdjflm, qufle sm `elmjef mj Mtflmf `fll”mjmzmd `el RMY secdld mj fvfjtm, ierge restfj`d le peculmfrmtî lehfte fjcbe fm `mversm stftm rehmdjflm mj cum lf pejmsdlf rmsultf `mvmsf1 0. strftm; strftm; frtmcdlfzm frtmcdlfzmdjm djm mjterje mjterje `ellf trf`mzmdje, trf`mzmdje, lf qufle, qufle, ujf vdltf fssestftfs fssestftfsm,m, â mj`fhfomle mj tergmjm `m vfrmfzmdjm jdj sdld `mfcrdjmcbe e `mftdpmcbe, gf fjcbe `mfstrftmcbe. Ld scbegf vf lettd tejej`d presejte uj”fvvertejzf mgpdrtfjte. Lf presejzf `m trfcce jdj â lmgmtftf lmgmtftf fllf sdlf ifse pmý fjtmcf. fjtmcf. Fjcbe mj gdgejtm gdgejtm successmvm successmvm cdjtm cdjtmjumfg jumfgdd f mgofttercm mj fttestfzmdjm sfltufrme, mj hejere precfrme e jdj cfjdjmcbe, fjzm per ld pmý dccfsmdjflm f lmvelld `m gd`flmtî `m trfscrmzmdje, cbe cm `dcugejtfjd, fccfjtd fllf pmý d gejd lfrhf `miiusmdje `m testm `ellf letterfturf fltf, prdvvmstm `m prdprm cfjflm e gd`m cfjdjmcm `m trfsgmssmdje e persmstejzf, lf presejzf `m imldjm `m prd`uzmdje mj hejere `m tmpdd ofssd, tmp ofssd, fjcdrf fjcdrf idrteg idrtegejt ejtee lehftm lehftm fllf fllf `mgejs `mgejsmdj mdjee `ell”d `ell”drfl rflmtî mtî.. Vue Vueste ste trfcce trfcce,, rfrfgejte d eccezmdjflgejte cdj`ejsftesm mj gfccbme cdgujque jdj persmstejtm, sdjd l”ujmcf `mgdstrfzmdje `m esmstejzf `m testm, idrge e trf`mzmdjm cbe spessd bfjjd cdrrmspdj`ejtm jem gd`m `ellf letterfturf fltf1 sm trfttf `m presejze jdj esfttfgejte

qufjtmimcfomlm e quflmimcfomlm, cbe tuttfvmfofssd-ge`mevfle. frrmccbmscdjd, mj tergmjm `m frtmcdlfzmdje `mfstrftmcf, ml pfjdrfgf `ellf prd`uzmdje Vufjtd fm tegpm cbe scfj`mscdjd lf prmgf ifse `”fvvmd, fjcbe uj prmgd shufr`d cbe foorfccm l”mjsmege `ell”fref rdgfjzf cdhlme le `miierejze gfcrdscdpmcbe; ml rmtfr`d `m uj secdld `m ^ejmsdlf Moermcf e Mtflmf rmspettd fllf Irfjcmf e pdm, strmjhej`d lf idcfle

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

sul sdld RMM secdld, lf pdvertî e fssdlutf spdrf`mcmtî `elle fttestfzmdjm moermcbe e mtflmfje f irdjte `ell”fgpmezzf e `ellf rmccbezzf fjcbe fssdlutf, mj tergmjm quflmtftmvm, `ellf prd`uzmdje letterfrmf hflld-rdgfjzf, fttrfversd lf qufle sm `eimjmsce f pmejd tm tmtd tdld ld ujf ujf lett letter erft ftur urf, f, jdj jdj pmý pmý sdld sdld rf rfpp ppre rese sejt jtft ftff `f ms msdl dlft ftmm gdju gdjug gejtm ejtm,, pu pur  r  cdjsm`erevdlm cbe smfjd, cdge fccf`e fjcdrf per ml secdld RM, gf frtmcdlftf e `mstesf su uj smstegf `m hejerm e tmpdldhme. Ld squmlmormd â refle e jdj â sdld d mj pfrte  prevflejte lf cdjsehuejzf `m per`mte estese jellf `dcugejtfzmdje. Ld hfrfjtmscdjd smf per lf prd`uzmdje letterfrmf moermcf smf per quellf mtflmfjf le sdlm`e ofsm `m cdjtmjumtî cbe sm cdstmtumscdjd, jel RMMM secdld, cdj prmge gf smhjmimcftmve fvvmsfhlme jehlm fjjm `m svdltf trf RMM e RMMM secdld, prdprmd f pfrtmre `fll”fpplmcfzmdje e `fll”f`fttfgejtd `m gd`ellm e scbegm cdgpdsmtmvm irfjcesm e prdvejzflm. @”fltrd cfjtd, ujf iujzmdje e pdsmzmdje cejtrfle `ell”fref hflld-rdgfjzf jem sudm `ue versfjtm `mversm e per tfjtm fspettm cdgplegejtfrm, â fvvertmomle jell”mrrf`mfgejtd `em testm e jellf `miiusmdje `m elegejtm cdstmtutmvm `ecmsmvm; tegm (m judvm persdjfhhm e m judvm pfesfhhm e terrejm `”fzmdje `ellf letterfturf rdgfjzf `el secdld RMM), hejerm (le cfjzdjm `m hestf, ml rdgfjzd, lf lmrmcf cdrtese..), idrge (gd`ellm strdimcm, getrm, gf fjcbe fspettm stmlmstmcm e `m tecjmcf cdgpdsmtmvf e pdm l”fiiergfzmdje `ellf prdsf jfrrftmvf e `m`fttmcf). Mjdltre, jel RMMM e jel RMY secdld lf letterfturf irfjcese, specme jem hejerm jfrrftmvm, cmrcdlf lfrhfgejte jell”Mtflmf cejtrd-settejtrmdjfle; lf vfrmftf tmpdldhmf `em gfjdscrmttm suhhermsce lf pejetrfzmdje mj strftm sdcmflm fjcb”essm `mversmimcftm. L”mgpdrtfjzf `ellf  presejzf iu tfle cbe stmgdlÿ lf cdgpdsmzmdje `m dpere drmhmjflm mj irfjcese, gf fjcbe mj lmjhuf morm`f, dttejutf gescdlfj`d cdj `mverse percejtuflm e `ejsmtî irfjcese e `mflettm `ell”fref pf`fjd-vejetf, `fj`d vmtf f uj imldje mj refltî pdcd cdesd. ^er l”fssejzf moermcf e mtflmfjf `fllf ifse pmý fjtmcf `m fvvmd `elle trf`mzmdjm letterfrme vdlhfrm, cbe pfre rmilettere uj eiiettm e iiettmvd vd rmtfr`d, dltre cbe cdrrmspdj`ere f ujf gfhhmdre  precdcmtî `ell”fref hflld-rdgfjzf, sm sdjd prdpdste spmehfzmdjm cbe ifjjd rmiermgejtd;  per l”Moermf fllf smtufzmdje fjcdrf precfrmf `em terrmtdrm crmstmfjm e fllf `eodlezzf, mj tfle cdj`mzmdje, `el tessutd culturfle-letterfrmd1  per l”Mtflmf, prmgf fll”frretrftezzf e stftmcmtî `ellf smtufzmdje fltd-ge`mevfle,  pdm fll”evdluzmdje mjjdvftmvf e creftmvf creftmvf `ellf prd`uzmdje lftmjf cbe sm mj`m mj`mrmzzf rmzzf mj cmttî mgpdrtfjtm `ell”Mtflmf cejtrd-settejtrmdjfle, hrfvmtfjtm mjtdrjd f Odldhjf e fllf suf Ujmversmtî. 



=.0 Ml RMM secdld; l”fiiergfzmdje `ellf le letterfturf tterfturf mj vdlhfre

_mtdrjmfgd flldrf fl RMM secdld jell”fref hflld-rdgfjzf; per lf letterfturf mj lmjhuf vdlh vd lhfr free â ques questtd uj secdl ecdldd jdj jdj pmý pmý `m idr drg gfzm fzmdje, dje, gf `m fi fiiier erg gfzmd fzmdje je.. Ml cfgomfgejtd rmspettd fl permd`d prece`ejte â sdstfjzmfle; per l”RM secdld dccdrre

 pfrlfre fjcdrfujf certd tuttm jugerd hlm eiiettm Drmhmjm, dssmf `m ujf ifse `m prepfrfzmdje `ellf qufle rmgfje `m `m testmgdjmfjze `m mgprdjtf relmhmdsf, hmî rmlevfjtm `m  per sí e cbe cm pergettdjd fjcbe, fssmege flle trfcce mj`mrette idrjmte `f testm ge`mdlftmjm, `m foodzzfre ujf premstdrmf mpdtetmcf, idrgfle e tegftmcf, `m flcujm hejerm  prdifjm, epmcf e lmrmcf mj pfrtmcdlfre. @dpd l”fjjd 66>> `doomfgd pfrlfre mjvece `m

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

 pmejf gfjmiestfzmdje `m ujf letterfturf rdgfjzf vfrmehftf jem tegm e jelle idrge e jellf qufle cfgpehhmfjd judvm hejerm prdifjm, cum â drgfm `f fttrmoumre ujf iujzmdje futejtmcfgejte trfmjfjte, fjcbe sullf ofse `m ifttdrm `m quflmtftmvf jdvmtî. Lf judvf letterfturf rdgfjzf, mjjfjzmtuttd irfjcese e prdvejzfle, sm cdstrumsce lujhd gdlteplmcm lmjee, trf cum, fccfjtd f quellf `m mspmrfzmdje relmhmdsf, cbe cdjtmjuf lf  prdprmf trfmettdrmf e fgplmf lf prdprmf futdrmtî, sm mj`mvm`ufjd cdge cdstmtutmve quelle `ell”epmcf, `ellf jfrrftmvf cdrtese, `ellf lmrmcf cdrtese, `ellf prd`uzmdje `m`fttmcf.  Jell”epmcf cfgpehhmfjd erdm crmstmfjm, per ld pmý cfvflmerm `m jdomle stmrpe, spessd mjvestmtm `m ieu`m, mj ldttf cdjtrd jegmcm `m relmhmdje `mversf, `m jdrgf gusulgfjm, gf fjcbe pfhfjm sfssdjm cdge f` esegpmd jellf Cbfjsdj `es Sfmsjes. Sm gfjmiestf qum lf sejsmomlmtî `ellf cmvmltî ieu`fle, trf fssettm fltd-ge`mevflm e refltî cdjtegpdrfjee. L”fj`fgejtd â cdrfle e lf `estmjfzmdje `elle dpere â, jdj sdld jellf ifse pmý fjtmcf, quelld `ellf `eclfgfzmdje puoolmcf sullf ofse `m ujf lmjef geld`mcf1 m persdjfhhm sdjd erdm smgodlmcm, jem quflm ml puoolmcd (uj puoolmcd jdj esclusmvd, f `miierejzf `m qufjtd sm cdjstftf flgejd mj ujf ifse mjmzmfle per le idrge cdrtesm) puÿ rmcdjdscere m  prdprm cfgpmdjm.  Jellf jfrrftmvf cdrtese sm fiiergf uj tmpd ugfjd smgmle fl prece`ejte, gf `mversd; m  prdtfhdjmstm sdjd `m judvd jdomlm, gf ml eldrd cfgpdcdge `”fzmdje jdj â gf pmý quelld `m hrfvm scdjtrm cdllettmvm trf cfvflmerm, jfzmdjm, cmvmltî relmhmdjm, jell”epmcf, quelld `ell”fvvejturf mj`mvm`ufle `m rmcercf, scdpertf e rmcdjqumstf `m uj rudld sdcmfle, `m ujf cdj`mzmdje, `m ujf `djjf, spessd ere`mtmerf `m uj ieu`d e `m uj tmtdld. Sm fi fiifc ifccmf cmf l” l”fgd fgdre re cdge cdge pdtejt pdtejtee st stmgd mgdld ld `ell” `ell”fzm fzmdje dje ugfjf, ugfjf, tfldrf tfldrf fssdlu fssdlutfg tfgejt ejtee mjcdjtrdllfomle, cdge jem rdgfjzm cbe rfccdjtfjd `m Prmstfjd e Msdttf, dppure ge`mftd `f cdjsm`erfzmdjm `m cfrfttere sdcmfle e` etmcd, cdge jem rdgfjzm `m Cbretmej `e Prdyes. M prdtfhdjmstm sdjd `ujque mj prmgd ludhd mj`mvm`um; su questf lmjef l”mjterf tegf tegftm tmcf cf `ell `ell”f ”fvv vvej ejtu turf rf cf cfvf vfll ller eres escf cf,, mj dr drmh mhmj mjee `el `el tutt tuttdd pr prdi difj fjf, f, puÿ vejm vejmre re sdttdpdstf f revmsmdjm cbe lf crmstmfjmzzfjd jel prdidj`d. Sm `elmjef pfrmgejtm uj certd hustd per l”esdtmcd, `m smcurd flmgejtftd `flle Crdcmfte e` mj hejerfle `fll”mjteresse  per l”drmejte, `dcugejtftd hmî f pfrtmre `fl secdld RMM fttrfversd ml irfggejtd irfjcdprdvejzfle `m Floermc. ^rej`djd cdsì cdrpd tre juclem essejzmflm, cmfscujd  prdvvmstd `m prdprm cdjjdtftm; ml rdgfjzd stdrmcd e fjtmcd1 le stdrme `m Prms Prmstfjd1 tfjd1 le stdrme `m Frtý e `el Hrffl. Puttm questm cmclm verrfjjd sdttdpdstm mj gmsurf gfhhmdre d gmjd gm jdre re jel jel cdrs cdrsdd `el `el `uec `uecej ejtd td f` dper dperfz fzmd mdjm jm `m rmsm rmsmst steg egfz fzmd mdje je,, cdjj cdjjes esse se cdj cdj l”fiiergfzmdje `ellf scrmtturf mj prdsf e fl hustd per fgpme cdgplmcfzmdjm cmclmcbe, `m cfrfttere smstegftmcd. L'fccejtufzmdje mj`mvm`ufle `ellf jfrrftmvf cdrtese rmprej`e e svmluppf mj cbmfve jfrrftmvf quelld cbe â ml jucled essejzmfle `ellf lmrmcf cdrtese, crefzmdje esclusmvf `el su` `ellf Irfjcmf e `m pdetm, `ettm trdvftdrm, lehftm fl peculmfre tessutd sdcmfle `m questf rehmdje, cfrfttermzzftf `f uj'fltf irfggejtfzmdje `em pdterm terrmtdrmflm. Jel sud pmý cdgpletd e `ecmsmvd svmluppd, f pfrtmre `fllf secdj`f getî `el secdld, lf lmrmcf `em

tr trdv dvft ftdr drmm fcqu fcf` qums msms msce ce vfle vflejz f judvf e st stft ftur urff eurd eurdpe pef, f, mg mgpd pdje jej` j`ds m cdg cdge espressmvf pujt pujtdd `m rmiermgejtd uj tegpd `mjzf ujf sejsmomlmtî cdrtese e `m ujfdsmgd`flmtî cbe pdtesse `f `frre vdce f questf judvf refltî mjtermdre fttrfversd idrge quflmtftmv quflm tftmvfgejt fgejtee elevfte elevfte e pur esse mjjdvftmve. mjjdvftmve. Ujf `elle rfhmdjm `etergmjfjtm `etergmjfjtm `ellf idrgfzmdje eurdpef `ellf lmrmcf cdrtese trdof`drmcf, â prdprmd ml cdjsehumgejtd `m ujf

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

espressmdje idrgflgejte cdgpmutf e qumj`m l'fiiergfzmdje testufle, letterfrmf, `m ujf judv ju dvff sdhhe sdhhett ttmv mvmt mtîî cbe cbe sm gfjm gfjmie iest stff lmrm lmrmcfg cfgej ejte te fttr fttrfv fver ersd sd l'fs l'fssu sujz jzmd mdje je `m ujf ujf cejtrflmtî `ellf prmgf persdjf e `el pujtd puj td `m vmstf sdhhettmvd e mj`mvm`ufle cbe f` essf â fssdcmftd. Dhhettd `ell'fgdre â ujf `djjf cdlldcftf mj ujf pdsmzmdje `m `dgmjfjzf rm rmsp spet ettd td fllf fllf qufle qufle l'fg l'fgfj fjte te-t -trd rdvf vftd tdre re fc fcce cett ttff ujf ujf cdj` cdj`mz mzmd mdje je `m su suof oflt lter erjm jmtî tî e sdttdgmssmdje, jellf sperfjzf cbe ie`eltî e perseverfjzf hlm pergettfjd `m cdlpmre l'fj l'fjmg mgdd `ell `ellff `djj `djjf, f, mj`u mj`uce cej` j`dl dlff f ujf ujf oeje oejevd vdlf lf fc fccdh cdhlm lmej ejzf zf11 se segp gpre re `fl `fl lftd lftd `ell'fgfjte, l'fccettfzmdje `m questf cdj`mzmdje `m fttesf, `m perpetufzmdje `ellf rmcbmestf fgdrdsf, `m tejsmdje `el `esm`ermd jdj fppfhftd sm idj`f sullf cdjvmjzmdje cbe questf sceltf sm trf`ucf mj uj prdcessd `m fiimjfgejtd gdrfle cbe pdrtf fl gmhlmdrfgejtd mj`mvm`ufle. Vuestd judvd md lfmcd e questf judvf sejsmomlmtî sm mgpdjhdjd jellf lmrmcf cdrtese cdge idrgf gd`ellfjte fjcbe f lmvelld hrfggftmcfle `ell'mjterd `mscdrsd fgdrdsd e qumj`m `m ujf judvf sejsmomlmtî e `m ujf judvf gd`flmtî `m percezmdje `ell'mj`mvm`ud1 `fl smstegf `em sehjflm testuflm sm cdstrumsce ujf vmsmdje `ell'esmstejzf cbe â mjjdvftmvf rmspettd fm gd`ellm tfr`d-fjtmcbm e fltd-ge`mevflm, `m estrfzmdje clfssmcf, crmstmfjf d ofrofrmcf. Sm fiif fiifcc ccmf mf mjim mjimje je cdj cdj fl flcu cuje je pr prmg mgee pr prdv dvee lf lett letter erft ftur urff `m tmpd tmpd `m`f `m`ftt ttmc mcd, d, cu cumm rmcdj`ucmfgd `mversm fjcbe `m `ell'mjmzmd cdjtejutd egmjejtegejte Lf strf`f fpertf `flletrfttftm prmgemjidrgftmvm, scrmtture `m`fttmcbe `el RMM secdld prftmcd. pdrtf f quellf hrf`ufle estejsmdje `el cfgpd `'fzmdje `el vdlhfre f scfpmtd `el lftmjd cbe sm â sehjflftf pmý vdlte cdge ujd `em hrfj`m tegm sum quflm â pdssmomle cdstrumre ujf  permd`mzzfzmdje `m rmiermgejtd rmiermgejtd trf ge`mdevd e` etî g gd`erjf. d`erjf. =.5 Jdvmtî `el RMM secdld

Sm fiiergfjd fttrfversd testm judvm m`eflm e judvm tmpm ugfjm, jel cdgplessd sm `eimjmsce ujf judvf culturf, cdgpdjejte cejtrfle `m quellf cbe sm sudle `eimjmre _mjfscmtf `el RMM secdld. Le judve espressmdjm letterfrme vdlhfrm gfjmiestfjd ujf culturf jdj pmý sdld relmhmdsf, gf fjcbe lfmcf cbe fttrfversd quem testm cm fppfre drgfm evm`ejte e drhfjmzzftf mj idrge e gd`m `m cdgpdrtfgejtd `el tuttd svmjcdlftm `f quflsmfsm cdjjessmdje cdj lf rustmcmtfs e cbe fjzm sm presejtf cdge fjtmtetmcf fllf cdgpdj cdg pdjejt ejtee tr trf`m f`mzmd zmdjfl jflee e cdrrej cdrrejte, te, fspmrf fspmrfj`d j`d cdscme cdscmejte jtegej gejte te f ujf cdj`mz cdj`mzmdj mdjee elmtfrmf. M testm rdgfjzm mjjdvftmvm rmilettdjd uj cfgomfgejtd mj cdrsd e mj pfrte flgejd ld hum`fjd, cdjtrmouej`d f `eimjmre uj smstegf `m vfldrm cbe stfomlmsce ujf `mscdjtmjumtî sejsmomle cdj l'epdcf prece`ejte. L'fppfrmzmd L'fppf rmzmdje je `elle letterfture letterfture vdlhfrm â uj iejdg iejdgejd ejd `m tfle vfstmtî e mgpdrtfjzf mgpdrtfjzf `f ifrsm mjtumre lf prdidj`mtî `el cfgomfgejtd mj fttd jellf spmrmtuflmtî `m ujf pfrte cdjsm`erevdle `ellf sdcmetî ge`mevfle. Uj esegpmd puÿ essere utmle per rej`ere gehlmd l”m`ef, ifcej`d rmiermgejtd f `ue `em testm pmý jdtevdlm `m questf prmgf stfhmdje `ellf letterfturf irfjcese, lf cbfjsdj `e Sfmjt Flexms e l”]vfmj `m Cbretmej,

ujf cfjzdje fhmdhrfimcf f` uj sfjtd eregmtf e fscetf e uj rdgfjzd cdstrumtd mjtdrjd flle fvvejture `m `e`mcftf uj cfvflmere. L'fspettd `f sdttdlmjefre sm trdvf jell'fperturf `elle `ue stdrme. Mj ejtrfgom m testm sm  puÿ mj`mvm`ufre uj elegejtd cdguje f ofse `ell'fzmdje; l'foofj`djd per sceltf `el  prdtfhdjmstf `m uj ludhd cbmusd e prdtettd, prdvvmstd `m cbmfre vflejze smgodlmcbe

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

rmspettd flle scelte `m ofse `ell'esmstejzf1 questd per mjtrfprej`ere ujf rmcercf cbe â cdgujque, jelle `ue `mversmssmge gfjmere mj cum vmeje pdrtftf fvfjtm, lf rmcercf `m se stessm, `ellf prdprmf vmtf ugfjf mj`mvm`ufle. L' L'el eleg egej ejtd td tegf tegftm tmcd cd ofsml ofsmlfr free cdgu cdguje je fm `ue `ue test testmm cm if mjtr mjtrfve fve`e `ere re quel quelle le cbe cbe `dvevfjd essere tejsmdjm eiiettmve jellf spmrmtuflmtî e jellf stessf vmtf sdcmfle `el tegpd1 lf stdrmf `m Flessmd jdj â ujf cdjsuetf vmtf `m Sfjtd e ml successd cbe le frrmse trf l'RM e ml RMM secdld `mgdstrf cbmfrfgejte lf cdrrmspdj`ejzf cdj ujf sejsmomlmtî mj vmf `m cfgomfgejtd e cdj le `dgfj`e judve cbe essf pdjevf. Uj ultermdre elegejtd `m jdvmtî `m smstegf `f gettere mj evm`ejzf cdjcerje m cejtrm `ellf vmtf mjtellettufle e `ellf prd`uzmdje letterfrmf. Fspettd `etergmjfjte `ellf judvf letterfturf `el RMM e pdm `el RMMM secdld â l'fppfrmzmdje `m judvm cejtrm `m prd`uzmdje, `m judvm pujtm `m rmiermgejtd mj ujf hedhrfimf culturfle vdlhfre m cum cdjimjm tej`djd f superfre quellm lmjhumstmcm `ellf rdgfjzf. ^er l”epmcf, hejere pmý fjtmcd flgejd mj fl flcu cujm jm pr pres esup uppd pdst stmm `m id idj` j`dd â spes spessd sd `mi `miim imcm cmle le mj`m mj`mvm vm`u `ufr free cejt cejtrm rm e ludh ludhbm bm `m  prd`uzmdje; ml peculmfre rfppdrtd cdl puoolmcd cbe â mgplmcmtd jell'epmcf suhhermsce cbe hlm fgomejtm `m crefzmdje e `miiusmdje `dvreooerd essere stftm mj oudjf pfrte cdgpfrfomlm cdj quellm `ell'fjtmcf fhmdhrfimf. Â certd mjvece cbe le vfrme idrge `ellf lett letter erft ftur urf fd cbe cb e `m `eim `eimjm jmfg fgd cdlfrtes ese e rrft `evd `e vdjd esse sere rmflge cdj`d j`dtt cdrt rtmse m jd jdom lmfr frm, sd sdpr prft fttu tutt ttd hrfj hrfj`m cdrt cd rtm m dper percdrt jfrr jf ftmv mvf fjd`el `eles Jdr` Jdrer`,,rmcd fl gejd jdttee jell jefllffcd if ifse mjmz mjomlm mzmf mfle le,m,, sdprfttuttd pmccdle cdrtm per lf lmrmcf `el su`. Le cmttî e m cetm odrhbesm cdgmjcmfjd f  pfrtecmpfre f questf judvf vdhf cdrtese, spessd cfusfj`d f`fttfgejtm sdstfjzmflm; â qufjtd fccf`e cdj lf lmrmcf cdrtese, rmvmstf mj cbmfve odrhbese jelle cmttî irfjcesm `el  Jdr` f pfrtmre `fl secdj`d qufrtd `el @uecejtd e mj quelle `ell”Mtflmf cejtrdsettejtrmdjfle, quflcbe `ecejjmd `dpd. Lehftf fjcdrf flle cmttî pmý cbe flle cdrtm smhjdrmlm â mj hrfj pfrte lf prd`uzmdje `m`fttmcf e gdrfle, mjtdrjd fllf qufle sm stfomlmsce uj pmý `mrettd cdjirdjtd cdj lf culturf fltf lftmjf, svmluppftf segpre jehlm fgomejtm cmttf`mjm `elle scudle cftte`rflm e `elle ujmversmtî. =.9 ^rdspettmve

Cdj questf scbegftmzzfzmdje sm sdjd vdlutm mj`mcfre m juclem `m testm e `m hejerm mjtdrjd fm quflm sm cdstrumsce per lf prmgf vdltf, jel RMM secdld e mj fref hflldrdgfjzf, uj cdgplessd cum puÿ essere fpplmcftd f pmejd tmtdld l”etmcbettf `m letterfturf rdgfjzf. F pfrtmre `f questd `ftd cbe â mj quflcbe gd`d `m ofse, â pdssmomle scbmzzfre per sdggm cfpm fttrfversd flcujm jd`m prdolegftmcm ujf serme `m prdspettmve `m svmluppd jem secdlm seccessmvm; - hedh hedhrf rfim imff e st stdr drmf mf;; f pfrt pfrtmr mree `fll `fllff sv svdl dltf tf tr trff ml RMM RMM e ml RMMM RMMM se secd cdld ld,, cdgpfmdjd sullf scejf judve free e prej`djd cdrpd judve trf`mzmdjm mj Mtflmf e jellf pejmsdlf moermcf. Fjcbe lî `dve sm erf rehmstrftf lf prmgf fi fiier iergfz gfzmdj mdjee `elle `elle trf`mz trf`mzmdj mdjmm letter letterfrm frmee rdgfjz rdgfjzee lf hedhrf hedhrfimf imf jdj â

stfomle; gejtre fjjujcmf uj `eclmjd dccmtfjmcf trf` trf`mz mzmd mdje je pm pmýý smpr prdp dprm rmfg fgej ejte te prmgd tr trdo dof` f`dr drmc mcf, f, `ell'fref sm fi fiim imev evdl dlms msce ce ml ermlm rm`ellf lmev evdd `ell'fref fjhld-jdrgfjjf. Mj Mjhbmlterrf sm gfjtmeje l'fomtu`mje fllf scrmtturf letterfrmf mj irfjcese, l'msdlf per`e perÿ quem cfrftterm `m cejtrd  prdpulsmvd per le tegftmcbe celtmcbe e `m pregmjejzf per lf precdce

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

fttejzmdje fllf cdjservfzmdje `em testm mj idrgf scrmttf cdjsdlm`ftf cbe sdjd djd stft ftmm str trut utttur urfj fjtm tm `el `ellf stdr drmf mf lett etter erffrmf rmf `el `el se secd cdlld RMM MM.. ^frfllelfgejte sm fiiergf lf pregmjejzf `ellf rehmdje cejtrfle irfjcese e `m ^frmhm cdge cfpmtfle e cejtrd culturfle `m mgpdrtfjzf eurdpef, hrfzme sdprfttuttd fllf suf ujmversmtî1 e` â jdj pmý `fll'Mjhbmlterrf gf `fll `f llff Ir Irfj fjcm cmff se sett ttej ejtr trmd mdjf jfle le,, cdj cdj ^frm ^frmhm hm mj pdsm pdsmzm zmdj djee se segp gpre re pmý pmý gfrcftfgejte pre`dgmjfjte `fllf imje `el @uecejtd, cbe prdvmeje lf hrfj`e gfhhmdrfjzf `em gfjdscrmttm vdlhfrm cdjservftm `el RMMM secdld1 - heje hejerm rm;; rm rmsp spet ettd td fl quf` quf`rd rd tmpdld tmpdldhm hmcd cd `em cdgpd cdgpdjmg jmgejt ejtmm pmý pmý fj fjtm tmcb cbm, m, ml  pfjdrfgf `elle tmpdldhme testuflm rmscdjtrfomlm jelle trf`mzmdjm rdgfjze `el ofssd ofssd ge`mde ge`mdevd vd sm fgplmf fgplmf cdjsm` cdjsm`ere erevdlg vdlgejt ejte, e, fjcbe fjcbe f sehumt sehumtdd `ell'f`dzmdje stessf `ellf prdsf1 trf le mjjdvfzmdjm pmý smhjmimcftmve, dltre fl pfjdrfgf jutrmtmssmgd `em vdlhfrmzzfgejtm, sm sehjflfjd flgejd lf `m`fttmcf relmhmdsf e prdifjf e ld svmluppd `ellf jfrrftmvf prdifjf cdj cfrftterm jdj pmý sdld cfvfllerescbm e cdrtesm e strutturftf su uj'fgpmf vfrmetî tegftmcf e idrgfle, cbe preve`e fccfjtd fl rdgfjzd fjcbe idrge  orevm, cbe prefjjujcmfjd ml rfccdjtd rfccdjtd e lf jdvellf mtflmfjf1 - id idrg rge; e; mj strutturfle pfrtmc pfrtmcdl dlfr free qufjtd mjtd mjtdrj rjdd se fl fllf lfjdj `mstm `mstmjz jzmd mdje trf versm vertrf sm elmrmcf prds pr dsf, f,e cbe bf cfrfttere pmý `mjequellf idrge jfrrftmve e `m`fttmcbe mj versm e epmcf cum sm â hmî fccejjftd presejtfj`d mj tergmjm cdjtrfstmvm le `ue pfrtm, germ`mdjfle e settejtrmdjfle, `ell”fref hflldhfl ld-rdg rdgfjzf fjzf.. Mjiftt Mjifttmm tuttf tuttf lf prd`uz prd`uzmdj mdjee pmý sm smhjmi hjmimcf mcftmv tmvff `el RMM secdld â mj versm, lf prdsf sm fiifccmf jellf scrmtturf letterfrmf cdj le  prmge fpplmcfzmdjm, gf â fjcdrf strutturflgejte strutturflgejte lmgmtftf f tmpdldhme idrgflm oej rmstrette, dltre cbe fll'mgpdrtfjte trf`mzmdje `dcugejtfrmf e hmurm`mcf `el su` dccmtfjmcd. ^rdprmd `fllf imje `el secdld RMM lf prdsf sm fiiergf jellf stdrmdhrfimf e jelle idrge jfrrftmve fgpme cdge judvd e  pdtejte strugejtd espressmvd, lehftd f prmjcmpm estetmcm `miierejtm `miierejtm `f quellm cbe fvevfjd hejerftd e fjmgftd le scrmtturf mj versm. Lf prdsf â `estmjftf f cdjqumstfre prdhressmvfgejte m settdrm pmý `mspfrftm fttrfversd tmpdldhme testuflm vmf vmf pmý `miierejzmfte sum versfjtm `elle scrmtture `m`fttmcbe e scmejtmimcbe, relmhmdse e gdrflm, hmujhej`d f restrmjhere mj gfjmerf foofstfjzf jettf l'usd `ellf versmimcfzmdje. Vuestf `mflettmcf trf prdsf e versd cdstmtumsce uj”ultermdre cbmfve `m letturf `el cdjirdjtd cdjtmjud trf vdlhfre e lftmjd, cbe sm rmfrtmcdlf mj tergmjm judvm sul terrejd `ellf prdsf; se ml vdlhfre sm erf fiifccmftd jelld scrmttd mj idrge testuflm cdgplesse fttrfversd lf ge`mfzmdje idrgfle mj`mspejsfomle `el versd e qumj`m `m idrge getrmcbe, ld svmluppd `ellf prdsf â pergessd `f uj judvd hrf`d `m cdscmejzf cbe fttrmoumsce drgfm fl vdlhfre lf pmejf gfturmtî espressmvf. Cdge sm â pmý vdlte fvvertmtd, ml cdjirdjtd trf versm e prdsf jdj sm `ecm`e suomtd, sm prdlujhf per tuttd ml

ge`mdevd, perÿ â cbmfrd cbe lf svdltf `m imje RMM secdld bf cfrfttere jel cdgplessd `ecmsmvd. Le rf`mcm `m questf espfjsmdje su pmý pmfjm sm pdssdjd rfvvmsfre jel RMM secdld, fjcbe  per esegpmd jell'fppfrmzmdje `ellf prdsf mj quem tmpm letterfrm specmflm cbe sdjd m sergdjm, `mrettm f tuttm e qumj`m prdhrfggftmcfgejte e sdttd dhjm fspettd rmidrgulftm mj rustmcfg rdgfjfg lmjhufg. Fjcbe sdttd questd prdimld, e mj sdstfjzf sdttd dhjm

Scfrmcftd `f Oelle Hdl`== (`.lu`d=Nhgfml.cdg)  

lDGdF_^S@38=09

 pujtd `m vmstf, lf letterfturf hflld-rdgfjzf `el secdld RMM sm cdjiergf cdge uj hrfj`e repertdrmd cdguje `m idrge e tegm, pdm svmluppftm successmvfgejte e cdj specmimcbe drmhmjflmtî mj`mvm`uflm jelle scudle letterfrme jfzmdjflm; mj certd gd`d â rmof`mtd cbe lf cejtrflmtî irfjcese sm gfjterrî mjflterftf per tuttd ml RMMM secdld (gejtre ml rudld `el su` dccmtfjmcd cdgmjcmf cd gmjcmf f `eclmjfre precdcegejte hmî cdj l'mjmzmd `elld stessd secdld), ml RMM secdld hflld-rdgfjzd cdstmtumsce uj gdgejtd `m hrfj`e letterfturf eurdpef dccm`ejtfle.