Steam Tables

Steam Tables Properties of Water and Steam

Saturated Water and Steam: Temperatures from the Triple Point to 100deg C Pressures from the Triple Point to 100kPa Pressures from 100 to 3,000kPa Pressures from 3,000kPa to Critical Point Specific Enthalpy of Water and Steam Specific Entropy of Water and Steam Density of Water and Steam Specific Internal Energy of Water and Steam Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Steam Properties of R-12, CCl2F2 Properties of Ammonia, NH3 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Ammonia, NH3 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Carbon Dioxide, CO2 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Methane, CH4 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Refrigerant R-410A

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Saturated Water and Steam Temperatures from the Triple Point to 100deg C Temp ºC

Specific volume m³/kg Water Steam vf vg

Specific internal energy

kJ/kg Water Steam uf ug

Specific enthalpy kJ/kg Evaporation Steam hfg hg

Specific entropy kJ/kg.K Water Steam sf sg

Temp ºC

t

Pressure kPa p

0.01 2 4 6 8

0.610 0.704 0.812 0.933 1.070

0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001000

206.5 180.2 157.5 138.0 121.1

0.0 8.4 16.8 25.2 33.6

2375.3 2378.1 2380.9 2383.6 2386.4

0.0 8.4 16.8 25.2 33.6

2501.4 2496.7 2491.9 2487.2 2482.5

2501.4 2505.0 2508.7 2512.4 2516.1

0.000 0.030 0.061 0.091 0.121

9.157 9.104 9.052 9.001 8.951

0.01 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16 18

1.225 1.399 1.595 1.814 2.060

0.001000 0.001001 0.001001 0.001001 0.001001

106.6 94.0 83.0 73.5 65.2

42.0 50.4 58.8 67.2 75.6

2389.2 2391.9 2394.7 2397.4 2400.2

42.0 50.4 58.8 67.2 75.6

2477.8 2473.0 2468.3 2463.6 2458.9

2519.7 2523.4 2527.1 2530.8 2534.4

0.151 0.181 0.210 0.239 0.268

8.902 8.853 8.806 8.759 8.713

10 12 14 16 18

20 22 24 25 26 28

2.334 2.639 2.979 3.162 3.356 3.774

0.001002 0.001002 0.001003 0.001003 0.001003 0.001004

57.9 51.6 46.0 43.5 41.1 36.8

83.9 92.3 100.7 104.9 109.0 117.4

2402.9 2405.7 2408.4 2409.8 2411.1 2413.9

83.9 92.3 100.7 104.9 109.0 117.4

2454.1 2449.4 2444.7 2442.3 2439.9 2435.2

2538.1 2541.7 2545.4 2547.2 2549.0 2552.6

0.297 0.325 0.353 0.367 0.381 0.409

8.668 8.624 8.580 8.559 8.538 8.496

20 22 24 25 26 28

30 32 34 36 38

4.237 4.748 5.312 5.934 6.617

0.001004 0.001005 0.001006 0.001006 0.001007

33.0 29.6 26.6 24.0 21.7

125.8 134.1 142.5 150.8 159.2

2416.6 2419.3 2422.0 2424.7 2427.4

125.8 134.1 142.5 150.8 159.2

2430.5 2425.7 2421.0 2416.3 2411.5

2556.3 2559.9 2563.5 2567.1 2570.7

0.437 0.464 0.492 0.519 0.546

8.454 8.414 8.374 8.335 8.296

30 32 34 36 38

40 42 44 46 48

7.367 8.190 9.091 10.075 11.151

0.001008 0.001009 0.001009 0.001010 0.001011

19.6 17.7 16.1 14.6 13.2

167.5 175.9 184.2 192.6 200.9

2430.1 2432.8 2435.5 2438.2 2440.8

167.5 175.9 184.2 192.6 201.0

2406.7 2402.0 2397.2 2392.4 2387.6

2574.3 2577.9 2581.4 2585.0 2588.5

0.572 0.599 0.625 0.652 0.678

8.258 8.221 8.184 8.148 8.112

40 42 44 46 48

50 52 54 56 58

12.323 13.599 14.987 16.495 18.130

0.001012 0.001013 0.001014 0.001015 0.001016

12.1 11.0 10.0 9.2 8.4

209.3 217.7 226.0 234.4 242.7

2443.5 2446.1 2448.8 2451.4 2454.0

209.3 217.7 226.0 234.4 242.7

2382.8 2377.9 2373.1 2368.2 2363.4

2592.1 2595.6 2599.1 2602.6 2606.1

0.704 0.729 0.755 0.781 0.806

8.077 8.043 8.009 7.976 7.943

50 52 54 56 58

60 62 64 66 68

19.901 21.818 23.889 26.125 28.536

0.001017 0.001018 0.001019 0.001020 0.001022

7.7 7.1 6.5 6.0 5.5

251.1 259.5 267.8 276.2 284.6

2456.6 2459.2 2461.8 2464.4 2467.0

251.1 259.5 267.8 276.2 284.6

2358.5 2353.6 2348.7 2343.8 2338.8

2609.6 2613.1 2616.5 2620.0 2623.4

0.831 0.856 0.881 0.906 0.930

7.910 7.879 7.847 7.816 7.786

60 62 64 66 68

70 72 74 76 78

31.133 33.927 36.929 40.153 43.611

0.001023 0.001024 0.001025 0.001027 0.001028

5.1 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.7

292.9 301.3 309.7 318.1 326.5

2469.6 2472.1 2474.7 2477.2 2479.7

293.0 301.3 309.7 318.1 326.5

2333.9 2328.9 2323.9 2318.9 2313.8

2626.8 2630.2 2633.6 2637.0 2640.3

0.955 0.979 1.003 1.027 1.051

7.756 7.727 7.698 7.669 7.641

70 72 74 76 78

80 82 84 86 88

47.315 51.281 55.521 60.051 64.886

0.001029 0.001030 0.001032 0.001033 0.001035

3.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5

334.8 343.2 351.6 360.0 368.4

2482.2 2484.7 2487.2 2489.6 2492.1

334.9 343.3 351.7 360.1 368.5

2308.8 2303.7 2298.6 2293.5 2288.4

2643.7 2647.0 2650.3 2653.6 2656.9

1.075 1.099 1.122 1.146 1.169

7.613 7.585 7.558 7.532 7.506

80 82 84 86 88

90 92 94 96 98

70.042 75.536 81.383 87.602 94.210

0.001036 0.001037 0.001039 0.001040 0.001042

2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8

376.8 385.2 393.7 402.1 410.5

2494.5 2497.0 2499.4 2501.8 2504.2

376.9 385.3 393.7 402.2 410.6

2283.2 2278.0 2272.8 2267.6 2262.3

2660.1 2663.3 2666.6 2669.7 2672.9

1.192 1.216 1.239 1.261 1.284

7.480 7.454 7.429 7.404 7.380

90 92 94 96 98

100

101.227

0.001044

1.7

418.9

2506.5

419.0

2257.0

2676.1

1.307

7.355

100

Water hf

2

t

Saturated Water and Steam Pressures from the Triple Point to 100kPa Specific internal energy

Pressure kPa p 0.611 0.8

Temp ºC t 0.0 3.8

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

7.0 9.7 12.0 14.0 15.9

0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001001 0.001001

129.2 108.7 93.9 82.8 74.0

29.4 40.7 50.4 59.0 66.7

2385.0 2388.7 2391.9 2394.7 2397.3

29.4 40.7 50.4 59.0 66.7

2484.8 2478.5 2473.0 2468.2 2463.9

2514.2 2519.2 2523.4 2527.2 2530.5

0.106 0.146 0.181 0.211 0.237

8.976 8.909 8.853 8.805 8.762

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8

17.5 19.1 20.5 21.8 23.0

0.001001 0.001002 0.001002 0.001002 0.001002

67.0 61.2 56.4 52.3 48.7

73.6 80.0 85.8 91.3 96.4

2399.5 2401.6 2403.5 2405.3 2407.0

73.6 80.0 85.8 91.3 96.4

2460.0 2456.4 2453.1 2450.0 2447.1

2533.6 2536.3 2538.9 2541.3 2543.5

0.261 0.283 0.303 0.322 0.339

8.724 8.689 8.658 8.629 8.603

2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

24.1 26.7 29.0 31.1

0.001003 0.001003 0.001004 0.001005

45.7 39.5 34.8 31.1

101.2 112.0 121.6 130.2

2408.6 2412.1 2415.2 2418.0

101.2 112.0 121.6 130.2

2444.4 2438.3 2432.8 2428.0

2545.6 2550.3 2554.4 2558.2

0.355 0.391 0.423 0.451

8.578 8.523 8.475 8.433

3 3.5 4 4.5

5.0 6 7 8 9

32.9 36.2 39.0 41.6 43.8

0.001005 0.001006 0.001007 0.001008 0.001009

28.2 23.7 20.5 18.1 16.2

138.0 151.7 163.5 174.0 183.4

2420.5 2425.0 2428.8 2432.2 2435.2

138.0 151.7 163.6 174.0 183.4

2423.6 2415.8 2409.0 2403.0 2397.6

2561.5 2567.5 2572.6 2577.1 2581.1

0.477 0.521 0.560 0.593 0.623

8.395 8.331 8.276 8.229 8.187

5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14

45.9 47.7 49.5 51.1 52.6

0.001010 0.001011 0.001012 0.001013 0.001013

14.7 13.4 12.4 11.5 10.7

192.0 199.8 207.1 213.8 220.1

2438.0 2440.5 2442.8 2444.9 2446.9

192.0 199.8 207.1 213.8 220.2

2392.7 2388.2 2384.0 2380.1 2376.5

2584.7 2588.1 2591.1 2594.0 2596.6

0.650 0.674 0.697 0.718 0.737

8.150 8.117 8.087 8.059 8.033

10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19

54.0 55.4 56.6 57.8 59.0

0.001014 0.001015 0.001015 0.001016 0.001017

10.0 9.4 8.9 8.4 8.0

226.1 231.7 237.0 242.1 246.9

2448.8 2450.6 2452.2 2453.8 2455.3

226.1 231.7 237.0 242.1 246.9

2373.1 2369.8 2366.7 2363.7 2360.9

2599.1 2601.5 2603.7 2605.9 2607.9

0.755 0.772 0.789 0.804 0.819

8.009 7.986 7.965 7.945 7.927

15 16 17 18 19

20 22 24 26 28

60.1 62.2 64.1 65.9 67.6

0.001017 0.001018 0.001019 0.001020 0.001021

7.7 7.0 6.4 6.0 5.6

251.5 260.2 268.3 275.7 282.8

2456.8 2459.5 2462.0 2464.3 2466.4

251.6 260.2 268.3 275.8 282.8

2358.2 2353.2 2348.4 2344.0 2339.9

2609.8 2613.4 2616.7 2619.8 2622.7

0.832 0.858 0.882 0.904 0.925

7.909 7.876 7.846 7.818 7.793

20 22 24 26 28

30 35 40 45

69.1 72.7 75.9 78.8

0.001022 0.001024 0.001026 0.001028

5.2 4.5 4.0 3.6

289.4 304.4 317.7 329.7

2468.5 2473.0 2477.1 2480.7

289.4 304.4 317.7 329.7

2336.0 2327.1 2319.1 2311.9

2625.4 2631.5 2636.8 2641.6

0.944 0.988 1.026 1.061

7.769 7.716 7.670 7.630

30 35 40 45

50 55 60 65 70

81.4 83.8 86.0 88.0 90.0

0.001030 0.001032 0.001033 0.001035 0.001036

3.2 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.4

340.6 350.6 359.9 368.6 376.8

2483.9 2486.9 2489.6 2492.2 2494.5

340.6 350.7 360.0 368.7 376.8

2305.3 2299.2 2293.6 2288.2 2283.2

2645.9 2649.9 2653.6 2656.9 2660.1

1.091 1.120 1.146 1.170 1.192

7.594 7.562 7.532 7.505 7.480

50 55 60 65 70

75 80 85 90 95

91.8 93.5 95.2 96.7 98.2

0.001037 0.001039 0.001040 0.001041 0.001042

2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8

384.4 391.7 398.6 405.2 411.5

2496.7 2498.8 2500.8 2502.7 2504.4

384.5 391.8 398.7 405.3 411.6

2278.5 2274.0 2269.7 2265.6 2261.7

2663.0 2665.8 2668.4 2670.9 2673.3

1.213 1.233 1.252 1.270 1.287

7.457 7.435 7.414 7.395 7.377

75 80 85 90 95

100 101.325

99.7 100.0

0.001043 0.001044

1.7 1.7

417.5 419.0

2506.1 2506.5

417.6 419.1

2257.9 2257.0

2675.5 2676.1

1.303 1.307

7.360 7.355

100 101.325

Water uf 0.1 15.9

kJ/kg Steam ug 2375.4 2380.6

Specific enthalpy kJ/kg Water Evaporation Steam hf hfg hg 0.1 2501.3 2501.4 15.9 2492.4 2508.3

Specific entropy kJ/kg.K Water Steam sf sg 0.000 9.157 0.058 9.058

Specific volume m³/kg Water Steam vf vg 0.001000 206.3 0.001000 159.7

3

Pressure kPa p 0.611 0.8 0.01 bar

0.1 bar

0.2 bar

0.5 bar

1 bar

Saturated Water and Steam Pressures from 100 to 3,000kPa Specific volume m³/kg Water Steam vf vg

Pressure kPa p

Temp ºC t

100 110 120 130 140

99.7 102.3 104.8 107.2 109.3

0.001043 0.001045 0.001047 0.001049 0.001051

150 160 170 180 190

111.4 113.4 115.2 117.0 118.7

200 220 240 260 280

Specific internal energy

kJ/kg

Specific enthalpy kJ/kg Evaporation hfg

Pressure kPa p

Water uf

Steam ug

Water hf

1.6942 1.5497 1.4285 1.3255 1.2367

417.5 428.8 439.3 449.1 458.4

2506.1 2509.3 2512.2 2514.9 2517.4

417.6 428.9 439.4 449.3 458.5

2257.9 2250.8 2244.2 2237.9 2232.0

2675.5 2679.7 2683.6 2687.2 2690.5

1.303 1.333 1.361 1.387 1.411

7.360 7.327 7.298 7.271 7.247

100 110 120 130 140

0.001053 0.001054 0.001056 0.001058 0.001059

1.1594 1.0915 1.0313 0.9776 0.9294

467.1 475.3 483.1 490.6 497.8

2519.7 2521.9 2524.0 2525.9 2527.8

467.2 475.5 483.3 490.8 498.0

2226.4 2221.1 2216.0 2211.1 2206.4

2693.6 2696.5 2699.3 2701.9 2704.4

1.434 1.455 1.475 1.495 1.513

7.223 7.202 7.182 7.162 7.144

150 160 170 180 190

120.3 123.3 126.1 128.8 131.2

0.001061 0.001063 0.001066 0.001069 0.001071

0.8858 0.8102 0.7468 0.6928 0.6464

504.6 517.5 529.5 540.7 551.3

2529.5 2532.8 2535.9 2538.6 2541.2

504.8 517.7 529.8 541.0 551.6

2201.9 2193.3 2185.3 2177.8 2170.6

2706.7 2711.1 2715.1 2718.8 2722.2

1.530 1.563 1.593 1.621 1.647

7.127 7.095 7.066 7.040 7.015

200 220 240 260 280

300 320 340 360 380

133.6 135.8 137.9 139.9 141.8

0.001073 0.001075 0.001078 0.001080 0.001082

0.6059 0.5703 0.5388 0.5106 0.4853

561.3 570.7 579.7 588.3 596.6

2543.6 2545.9 2548.0 2550.0 2551.8

561.6 571.1 580.1 588.7 597.0

2163.8 2157.3 2151.0 2145.1 2139.3

2725.4 2728.4 2731.2 2733.8 2736.3

1.672 1.695 1.717 1.738 1.758

6.992 6.971 6.950 6.931 6.913

300 320 340 360 380

400 420 440 460 480

143.7 145.4 147.1 148.8 150.4

0.001084 0.001085 0.001087 0.001089 0.001091

0.4625 0.4418 0.4229 0.4055 0.3896

604.4 612.0 619.3 626.4 633.2

2553.6 2555.3 2556.9 2558.4 2559.9

604.9 612.5 619.8 626.9 633.7

2133.7 2128.4 2123.1 2118.1 2113.2

2738.6 2740.9 2743.0 2745.0 2746.9

1.777 1.795 1.813 1.829 1.845

6.896 6.880 6.864 6.849 6.835

400 420 440 460 480

500 550 600 650 700

151.9 155.5 158.9 162.0 165.0

0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104 0.001108

0.3749 0.3427 0.3157 0.2927 0.2729

639.8 655.5 670.0 683.7 696.6

2561.3 2564.5 2567.5 2570.1 2572.6

640.4 656.1 670.7 684.4 697.4

2108.4 2097.0 2086.2 2076.0 2066.2

2748.8 2753.0 2756.9 2760.4 2763.6

1.861 1.898 1.932 1.963 1.993

6.821 6.789 6.760 6.733 6.708

500 550 600 650 700

750 800 850 900 950

167.8 170.5 173.0 175.4 177.7

0.001112 0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124

0.2556 0.2405 0.2270 0.2150 0.2042

708.8 720.4 731.4 742.0 752.1

2574.8 2576.9 2578.8 2580.5 2582.2

709.6 721.3 732.4 743.0 753.2

2056.9 2048.0 2039.3 2031.0 2023.0

2766.5 2769.2 2771.7 2774.0 2776.2

2.020 2.047 2.071 2.095 2.118

6.685 6.663 6.642 6.623 6.604

750 800 850 900 950

1,000 1,050 1,100 1,150 1,200

179.9 182.1 184.1 186.1 188.0

0.001127 0.001130 0.001133 0.001136 0.001139

0.1945 0.1856 0.1775 0.1702 0.1634

761.9 771.2 780.3 789.0 797.5

2583.7 2585.2 2586.5 2587.7 2588.9

763.0 772.4 781.5 790.3 798.8

2015.2 2007.6 2000.3 1993.1 1986.1

2778.2 2780.1 2781.8 2783.4 2784.9

2.139 2.160 2.180 2.199 2.217

6.587 6.570 6.554 6.538 6.524

1,000 1,050 1,100 1,150 1,200

1,250 1,300 1,400

189.9 191.7 195.1

0.001141 0.001144 0.001149

0.1571 0.1513 0.1409

805.7 813.6 828.9

2590.0 2591.0 2592.9

807.1 815.1 830.5

1979.3 1972.6 1959.6

2786.4 2787.7 2790.1

2.235 2.252 2.285

6.509 6.496 6.469

1,250 1,300 1,400

1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900

198.4 201.5 204.4 207.2 209.9

0.001154 0.001159 0.001163 0.001168 0.001172

0.1318 0.1238 0.1167 0.1104 0.1048

843.4 857.1 870.3 882.9 895.0

2594.6 2596.1 2597.3 2598.5 2599.5

845.1 859.0 872.3 885.0 897.2

1947.2 1935.2 1923.6 1912.3 1901.3

2792.3 2794.2 2795.8 2797.3 2798.5

2.315 2.345 2.372 2.399 2.424

6.445 6.422 6.400 6.380 6.360

1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900

2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,400

212.5 214.9 217.3 219.6 221.9

0.001177 0.001181 0.001185 0.001189 0.001193

0.0996 0.0950 0.0907 0.0869 0.0833

906.6 917.9 928.7 939.2 949.4

2600.4 2601.1 2601.8 2602.4 2602.9

909.0 920.3 931.3 942.0 952.3

1890.7 1880.3 1870.1 1860.2 1850.5

2799.7 2800.6 2801.4 2802.2 2802.7

2.448 2.471 2.493 2.514 2.535

6.341 6.323 6.306 6.289 6.273

2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,400

2,500 2,600 2,700 2,800 2,900

224.0 226.1 228.2 230.1 232.1

0.001197 0.001201 0.001205 0.001209 0.001213

0.0800 0.0769 0.0741 0.0715 0.0690

959.3 968.9 978.3 987.4 996.3

2603.3 2603.6 2603.8 2604.0 2604.1

962.3 972.0 981.5 990.8 999.8

1840.9 1831.6 1822.4 1813.3 1804.4

2803.2 2803.6 2803.9 2804.1 2804.2

2.555 2.574 2.593 2.611 2.629

6.258 6.243 6.228 6.214 6.200

2,500 2,600 2,700 2,800 2,900

3,000

233.9

0.001217

0.0667

1005.0

2604.2

1008.6

1795.7

2804.3

2.646

6.187

3,000

4

Steam hg

Specific.entropy kJ/kg.K Water Steam sf sg

1 bar

2 bar

4 bar

7 bar

10 bar

20 bar

Saturated Water and Steam Pressures from 3,000kPa to Critical Point Specific volume m³/kg Water Steam vf vg

Water uf

Steam ug

Specific enthalpy kJ/kg Water Evaporation Steam hf hfg hg

0.06669 0.06250 0.05878 0.05546 0.05248

1005.0 1021.7 1037.8 1053.3 1068.1

2604.2 2604.2 2604.0 2603.6 2603.1

1008.6 1025.7 1042.0 1057.7 1072.9

1795.7 1778.5 1761.8 1745.6 1729.6

2804.3 2804.2 2803.8 2803.3 2802.5

2.646 2.679 2.710 2.740 2.769

6.187 6.162 6.137 6.114 6.092

3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 3,800

0.001252 0.001259 0.001266 0.001273 0.001279

0.04979 0.04734 0.04511 0.04306 0.04118

1082.5 1096.4 1109.8 1122.9 1135.6

2602.4 2601.6 2600.7 2599.6 2598.5

1087.5 1101.7 1115.4 1128.8 1141.7

1714.1 1698.8 1683.7 1669.0 1654.4

2801.5 2800.4 2799.1 2797.7 2796.2

2.797 2.823 2.849 2.873 2.897

6.070 6.050 6.030 6.011 5.992

4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 4,800

264.0 266.5 268.9 271.2 273.5

0.001286 0.001293 0.001299 0.001306 0.001312

0.03945 0.03784 0.03635 0.03496 0.03366

1148.0 1160.0 1171.8 1183.3 1194.6

2597.3 2595.9 2594.5 2593.0 2591.5

1154.4 1166.8 1178.8 1190.6 1202.2

1640.1 1625.9 1612.0 1598.2 1584.5

2794.5 2792.7 2790.8 2788.8 2786.7

2.920 2.943 2.965 2.986 3.007

5.974 5.956 5.939 5.922 5.906

5,000 5,200 5,400 5,600 5,800

6,000 6,200 6,400 6,600 6,800

275.7 277.8 279.9 282.0 284.0

0.001319 0.001325 0.001332 0.001338 0.001345

0.03245 0.03131 0.03024 0.02923 0.02828

1205.6 1216.4 1227.0 1237.4 1247.6

2589.8 2588.1 2586.3 2584.5 2582.6

1213.5 1224.6 1235.5 1246.3 1256.8

1571.0 1557.6 1544.3 1531.1 1518.1

2784.5 2782.2 2779.9 2777.4 2774.9

3.027 3.047 3.066 3.085 3.103

5.889 5.874 5.858 5.843 5.828

6,000 6,200 6,400 6,600 6,800

7,000 7,200 7,400 7,600 7,800

285.9 287.8 289.7 291.5 293.3

0.001351 0.001358 0.001365 0.001371 0.001378

0.02738 0.02652 0.02572 0.02495 0.02422

1257.7 1267.6 1277.3 1286.9 1296.4

2580.6 2578.6 2576.5 2574.4 2572.2

1267.2 1277.4 1287.4 1297.4 1307.1

1505.1 1492.2 1479.4 1466.6 1454.0

2772.3 2769.6 2766.8 2764.0 2761.1

3.121 3.139 3.157 3.174 3.190

5.814 5.799 5.785 5.771 5.757

7,000 7,200 7,400 7,600 7,800

8,000 8,200 8,400 8,600 8,800

295.1 296.8 298.5 300.2 301.8

0.001384 0.001391 0.001398 0.001404 0.001411

0.02352 0.02286 0.02223 0.02162 0.02104

1305.7 1314.9 1324.0 1333.0 1341.9

2569.9 2567.6 2565.3 2562.9 2560.4

1316.8 1326.3 1335.8 1345.1 1354.3

1441.3 1428.8 1416.2 1403.8 1391.3

2758.1 2755.1 2752.0 2748.8 2745.6

3.207 3.223 3.239 3.255 3.271

5.743 5.730 5.717 5.703 5.690

8,000 8,200 8,400 8,600 8,800

9,000 9,200 9,400 9,600 9,800

303.4 305.0 306.6 308.1 309.6

0.001418 0.001425 0.001432 0.001439 0.001446

0.02049 0.01996 0.01945 0.01896 0.01848

1350.6 1359.3 1367.9 1376.4 1384.8

2557.9 2555.3 2552.7 2550.1 2547.3

1363.4 1372.4 1381.4 1390.2 1399.0

1378.9 1366.5 1354.2 1341.8 1329.5

2742.3 2738.9 2735.5 2732.0 2728.5

3.286 3.301 3.316 3.331 3.345

5.677 5.665 5.652 5.639 5.627

9,000 9,200 9,400 9,600 9,800

10,000 10,500 11,000 11,500 12,000

311.1 314.7 318.2 321.5 324.8

0.001453 0.001470 0.001489 0.001507 0.001527

0.01803 0.01697 0.01599 0.01509 0.01427

1393.2 1413.7 1433.8 1453.6 1473.1

2544.6 2537.4 2529.9 2522.1 2513.8

1407.7 1429.1 1450.2 1470.9 1491.4

1317.2 1286.4 1255.6 1224.7 1193.6

2724.9 2715.5 2705.8 2695.6 2685.0

3.360 3.395 3.430 3.463 3.496

5.614 5.583 5.553 5.523 5.493

10,000 10,500 11,000 11,500 12,000

12,500 13,000 13,500 14,000 14,500

327.9 331.0 333.9 336.8 339.6

0.001547 0.001567 0.001589 0.001611 0.001634

0.01350 0.01278 0.01212 0.01149 0.01090

1492.3 1511.3 1530.1 1548.7 1567.3

2505.3 2496.3 2486.9 2477.0 2466.6

1511.6 1531.6 1551.5 1571.3 1591.0

1162.4 1130.8 1098.9 1066.6 1033.7

2674.0 2662.5 2650.4 2637.8 2624.7

3.529 3.561 3.592 3.623 3.654

5.463 5.433 5.403 5.372 5.341

12,500 13,000 13,500 14,000 14,500

15,000 15,500 16,000 16,500 17,000

342.3 344.9 347.5 350.0 352.4

0.001658 0.001684 0.001711 0.001740 0.001771

0.01034 0.00981 0.00931 0.00883 0.00837

1585.8 1604.4 1622.9 1641.7 1660.6

2455.7 2444.2 2432.1 2419.2 2405.5

1610.7 1630.5 1650.3 1670.4 1690.7

1000.2 965.9 930.8 894.6 857.2

2610.9 2596.4 2581.1 2565.0 2547.9

3.685 3.716 3.746 3.777 3.808

5.310 5.279 5.246 5.213 5.179

15,000 15,500 16,000 16,500 17,000

17,500 18,000 18,500 19,000 19,500

354.8 357.1 359.4 361.6 363.7

0.001804 0.001841 0.001881 0.001926 0.001978

0.00793 0.00750 0.00708 0.00667 0.00626

1679.8 1699.4 1719.6 1740.7 1762.8

2390.9 2375.1 2358.0 2339.3 2318.5

1711.4 1732.6 1754.4 1777.3 1801.4

818.3 777.6 734.6 688.8 639.3

2529.7 2510.1 2489.1 2466.1 2440.7

3.840 3.872 3.905 3.940 3.976

5.143 5.106 5.067 5.025 4.980

17,500 18,000 18,500 19,000 19,500

20,000 20,500 21,000 21,500 22,000 22,105

365.9 367.9 369.9 371.9 373.8 374.1

0.002039 0.002114 0.002213 0.002365 0.002766 0.002717

0.00585 0.00543 0.00498 0.00446 0.00363 0.00272

1786.6 1812.9 1843.7 1883.9 1966.0 1959.0

2294.9 2267.4 2233.6 2187.5 2094.9 1959.0

1827.4 1856.3 1890.1 1934.7 2026.9 2019.1

584.6 522.5 448.1 348.6 147.8 0.0

2412.0 2378.8 2338.2 2283.4 2174.6 2019.1

4.016 4.059 4.110 4.178 4.318 4.306

4.930 4.874 4.807 4.718 4.547 4.306

20,000 20,500 21,000 21,500 22,000 22,105

Pressure kPa p

Temp ºC t

3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 3,800

233.9 237.5 241.0 244.3 247.4

0.001217 0.001224 0.001231 0.001238 0.001245

4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 4,800

250.4 253.4 256.2 258.9 261.5

5,000 5,200 5,400 5,600 5,800

Specific internal energy

kJ/kg

5

Specific entropy

kJ/kg.K Water Steam sf sg

Pressure kPa p

30 bar

50 bar

70 bar

100 bar

150 bar

200 bar

Critical point

Specific Enthalpy of Water and Steam Pressure (kPa) Pressure (bar) Sat. temp. (º C) Sat. specific enthalpy (kJ/kg)

0

10

50

100

500

1,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

22,105

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Critical Pressure

100,000

0.1 45.9

81.4

1 99.7

151.9

10 179.9

212.5

250.4

275.7

295.1

100 311.1

342.3

365.9

374.1

Water Steam

192.0 2584.7

340.6 2645.9

417.6 2675.5

640.4 2748.8

763.0 2778.2

909.0 2799.7

1087.5 2801.5

1213.5 2784.5

1316.8 2758.1

1407.7 2724.9

1610.7 2610.9

1827.4 2412.0

2117.4 2117.3

Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75

2502 2548 2595 2642

0.0 104.9 2593 2640

0.0 104.9 209.3 313.9

0.1 105.0 209.4 314.0

0.5 105.3 209.7 314.3

1.0 105.8 210.2 314.7

2.0 106.7 211.0 315.5

4.0 108.6 212.7 317.1

6.0 110.4 214.5 318.7

Specific Enthalpy (kJ/kg) 8.0 10.0 15.0 112.3 114.1 118.7 216.2 217.9 222.2 320.3 322.0 326.0

20.0 123.2 226.5 330.0

22.1 125.2 228.2 331.7

24.9 127.8 230.7 334.0

29.8 132.3 235.0 338.1

39.5 141.3 243.5 346.1

49.0 150.3 251.9 354.2

95.0 194.1 293.8 394.2

Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75

100 125 150 175

2689 2736 2784 2832

2687 2735 2783 2831

2683 2731 2780 2829

2676 2727 2776 2826

419.3 525.2 632.2 2801

419.7 525.5 632.5 741.2

420.5 526.2 633.1 741.7

422.0 527.6 634.4 742.8

423.5 529.0 635.6 743.9

425.0 530.4 636.9 744.9

426.5 531.7 638.1 746.0

430.3 535.2 641.3 748.8

434.0 538.8 644.5 751.6

435.6 540.2 645.8 752.8

437.8 542.3 647.7 754.4

441.6 545.8 650.9 757.3

449.2 552.9 657.4 763.1

456.9 560.1 664.0 769.1

495.1 596.2 697.9 800.3

100 125 150 175

200 225 250 275

2880 2929 2978 3027

2880 2928 2977 3027

2878 2927 2976 3026

2875 2925 2974 3024

2855 2908 2961 3013

2828 2886 2943 2997

852.6 2836 2902 2964

853.4 967.1 1085.4 2886

854.3 967.6 1085.3 1210.0

855.1 968.1 1085.3 1209.2

856.0 968.7 1085.4 1208.4

858.2 970.2 1085.8 1206.9

860.5 971.8 1086.4 1205.9

861.5 972.5 1086.7 1205.6

862.8 973.5 1087.2 1205.3

865.2 975.3 1088.1 1205.0

870.3 979.2 1090.6 1205.2

875.5 983.5 1093.5 1206.3

903.7 1008.1 1113.6 1220.4

200 225 250 275

300 325 350 375

3077 3127 3177 3228

3077 3127 3177 3228

3076 3126 3176 3227

3074 3125 3175 3227

3064 3116 3168 3220

3051 3105 3158 3211

3024 3081 3137 3192

2961 3029 3092 3154

2884 2968 3043 3112

2785 2897 2987 3066

1342.3 2809 2923 3016

1337.2 1484.8 2692 2859

1333.3 1474.3 1645.6 2603

1331.9 1470.7 1635.0 2310

1330.2 1466.3 1623.5 1848

1327.8 1460.1 1608.4 1791

1324.6 1451.1 1588.2 1743

1323.0 1445.2 1575.2 1717

1328.8 1439.4 1552.6 1669

300 325 350 375

400 425 450 475

3280 3331 3384 3436

3280 3331 3383 3436

3279 3331 3383 3436

3278 3330 3382 3435

3272 3324 3377 3430

3264 3317 3371 3424

3248 3303 3357 3412

3214 3272 3330 3388

3177 3240 3302 3362

3138 3206 3272 3336

3096 3171 3241 3308

2975 3071 3156 3235

2818 2953 3060 3153

2733 2895 3016 3117

2580 2806 2950 3064

2151 2614 2821 2965

1931 2198 2513 2740

1875 2060 2284 2519

1790 1915 2044 2177

400 425 450 475

500 550 600 650

3489 3596 3705 3816

3489 3596 3705 3816

3489 3596 3705 3816

3488 3596 3705 3816

3484 3592 3702 3813

3478 3587 3698 3810

3468 3578 3690 3803

3445 3560 3674 3790

3422 3541 3658 3776

3398 3521 3642 3762

3374 3501 3625 3748

3309 3449 3582 3712

3238 3393 3538 3675

3207 3369 3518 3660

3162 3336 3491 3637

3081 3275 3444 3599

2903 3149 3346 3521

2720 3020 3248 3442

2313 2590 2860 3108

500 550 600 650

700 750 800

3929 4043 4159

3929 4043 4159

3929 4043 4159

3928 4043 4159

3926 4041 4157

3923 4038 4155

3917 4033 4150

3906 4023 4142

3894 4013 4133

3882 4003 4124

3871 3993 4115

3840 3967 4092

3809 3940 4070

3796 3929 4060

3778 3914 4047

3746 3887 4024

3681 3833 3979

3617 3780 3934

3332 3537 3726

700 750 800

6

1000

Specific Entropy of Water and Steam Pressure (kPa) Pressure (bar) Sat. temp. (º C) Sat. specific entropy (kg/kg.K)

10

50

100

500

1,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

22,105

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Critical Pressure

100,000

0.1 45.9

81.4

1 99.7

151.9

10 179.9

212.5

250.4

275.7

295.1

100 311.1

342.3

365.9

374.1

0.650 8.150

1.091 7.594

1.303 7.360

1.861 6.821

2.139 6.587

2.448 6.341

2.797 6.070

3.027 5.889

3.207 5.743

3.360 5.614

3.685 5.310

4.016 4.930

4.458 4.458

Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75

0.000 0.367 8.175 8.316

0.000 0.367 0.704 1.015

0.000 0.367 0.704 1.015

0.000 0.367 0.703 1.015

0.000 0.367 0.703 1.015

0.000 0.367 0.703 1.014

0.000 0.366 0.702 1.013

0.000 0.366 0.701 1.012

Specific Entropy (kJ/kg.K) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.365 0.365 0.363 0.700 0.699 0.697 1.010 1.009 1.006

0.000 0.362 0.694 1.003

0.000 0.361 0.693 1.002

0.000 0.361 0.692 1.000

0.000 0.359 0.690 0.997

0.000 0.356 0.685 0.991

-0.001 0.353 0.681 0.985

-0.010 0.337 0.658 0.958

Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75

100 125 150 175

8.448 8.572 8.688 8.799

7.695 7.821 7.940 8.052

7.361 7.492 7.613 7.727

1.306 1.581 1.842 6.941

1.306 1.581 1.841 2.091

1.305 1.580 1.840 2.089

1.304 1.578 1.838 2.087

1.302 1.576 1.836 2.084

1.301 1.574 1.833 2.082

1.299 1.572 1.831 2.079

1.295 1.568 1.826 2.073

1.292 1.563 1.821 2.067

1.290 1.561 1.819 2.064

1.288 1.559 1.816 2.061

1.284 1.555 1.811 2.055

1.277 1.546 1.801 2.043

1.270 1.538 1.791 2.032

1.237 1.500 1.747 1.983

100 125 150 175

200 225 250 275

8.904 9.004 9.100 9.192

8.158 8.259 8.356 8.448

7.834 7.936 8.033 8.126

7.059 7.168 7.271 7.368

6.694 6.815 6.925 7.027

2.330 6.415 6.545 6.661

2.327 2.561 2.793 6.228

2.324 2.557 2.788 3.021

2.321 2.554 2.783 3.014

2.318 2.550 2.778 3.008

2.310 2.541 2.767 2.994

2.303 2.532 2.757 2.980

2.300 2.529 2.752 2.974

2.296 2.524 2.747 2.967

2.289 2.516 2.737 2.955

2.276 2.500 2.718 2.932

2.263 2.486 2.701 2.912

2.207 2.422 2.629 2.828

200 225 250 275

300 325 350 375

9.281 9.367 9.450 9.530

8.537 8.623 8.706 8.786

8.216 8.302 8.385 8.465

7.460 7.548 7.633 7.715

7.123 7.214 7.301 7.385

6.766 6.864 6.956 7.044

6.361 6.477 6.582 6.679

6.067 6.211 6.333 6.442

5.791 5.983 6.130 6.254

3.247 5.757 5.944 6.089

3.226 3.478 5.442 5.705

3.207 3.448 3.728 5.227

3.200 3.437 3.706 4.755

3.190 3.422 3.680 4.032

3.174 3.400 3.643 3.930

3.145 3.361 3.586 3.829

3.120 3.329 3.542 3.764

3.021 3.210 3.396 3.579

300 325 350 375

400 425 450 475

9.608 9.683 9.757 9.828

8.864 8.940 9.013 9.085

8.543 8.619 8.693 8.764

7.794 7.870 7.945 8.017

7.465 7.543 7.618 7.691

7.127 7.207 7.284 7.359

6.769 6.855 6.936 7.015

6.541 6.633 6.719 6.802

6.363 6.463 6.555 6.642

6.212 6.320 6.419 6.510

5.881 6.021 6.140 6.247

5.554 5.751 5.902 6.028

5.399 5.636 5.806 5.943

5.142 5.472 5.674 5.829

4.473 5.150 5.442 5.637

4.113 4.503 4.946 5.255

4.003 4.273 4.588 4.908

3.762 3.944 4.125 4.306

400 425 450 475

500 550 600 650

9.898 10.032 10.161 10.284

9.155 9.289 9.418 9.541

8.834 8.969 9.098 9.221

8.087 8.223 8.352 8.476

7.762 7.899 8.029 8.154

7.432 7.571 7.702 7.828

7.090 7.234 7.369 7.497

6.880 7.029 7.168 7.299

6.724 6.878 7.021 7.155

6.597 6.756 6.903 7.040

6.344 6.520 6.678 6.822

6.140 6.335 6.505 6.658

6.062 6.266 6.441 6.599

5.959 6.176 6.360 6.523

5.790 6.034 6.233 6.406

5.470 5.778 6.011 6.205

5.173 5.549 5.818 6.034

4.485 4.833 5.151 5.427

500 550 600 650

700 750 800

10.403 10.517 10.628

9.660 9.774 9.885

9.340 9.454 9.565

8.595 8.710 8.821

8.273 8.388 8.500

7.949 8.065 8.177

7.620 7.737 7.850

7.423 7.542 7.657

7.281 7.402 7.517

7.169 7.291 7.408

6.957 7.084 7.204

6.799 6.931 7.054

6.742 6.876 7.001

6.671 6.807 6.935

6.561 6.702 6.833

6.375 6.527 6.666

6.219 6.382 6.529

5.664 5.870 6.050

700 750 800

Water Steam

7

1000

Density of Water and Steam Pressure (kPa) Pressure (bar) Sat. temp. (º C) Sat. density (kg/m³)

10

50

100

500

1,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

20,000

22,105

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Critical Pressure

100,000

0.1 45.9 990 0.0681

81.4 971 0.309

1 99.7 959 0.590

151.9 915 2.67

10 179.9 887 5.14

212.5 850 10.04

250.4 799 20.09

275.7 758 30.8

295.1 722 42.5

342.3 603 96.7

365.9 490 170.8

374.1 368 368

Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75

1000 997 0.0673 0.0624

1000 997 988 975

1000 997 988 975

1000 997 988 975

1000 998 988 975

1001 998 989 976

1002 999 990 977

1003 1000 991 977

Density (kg/m³) 1004 1005 1007 1001 1002 1004 991 992 994 978 979 981

1010 1006 997 983

1011 1007 997 984

1012 1008 999 986

1015 1010 1001 988

1019 1014 1005 992

1024 1018 1009 996

1045 1038 1028 1015

Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75

100 125 150 175

0.0582 0.0545 0.0512 0.0484

0.293 0.274 0.257 0.243

0.590 0.550 0.516 0.487

958 939 917 2.504

959 939 917 892

959 940 918 893

960 941 919 894

961 942 920 896

962 943 921 897

963 944 922 898

965 946 925 901

967 949 928 904

968 950 929 906

970 951 930 907

972 954 933 910

976 958 938 916

980 963 943 921

1000 983 965 945

100 125 150 175

200 225 250 275

0.0458 0.0435 0.0414 0.0395

0.230 0.218 0.207 0.198

0.460 0.437 0.416 0.396

2.353 2.223 2.108 2.006

4.86 4.55 4.30 4.07

865 9.64 8.97 8.43

867 835 799 18.33

868 837 802 760

870 839 804 763

871 841 806 766

875 845 812 773

878 849 817 779

880 851 819 782

882 853 822 786

885 857 826 792

891 864 835 802

897 871 843 812

924 901 877 851

200 225 250 275

300 325 350 375

0.0378 0.0362 0.0348 0.0334

0.189 0.181 0.174 0.167

0.379 0.363 0.348 0.335

1.914 1.830 1.754 1.684

3.88 3.70 3.54 3.39

7.97 7.57 7.22 6.90

17.00 15.93 15.05 14.29

28 25.40 23.68 22.28

41.2 36.5 33.4 31.0

716 50.3 44.6 40.8

726 665 87.2 72.0

736 680 601 130.4

739 686 613 220.1

744 693 626 507

752 704 644 559

765 723 672 610

778 739 694 641

824 795 764 731

300 325 350 375

400 425 450 475

0.0322 0.0310 0.0300 0.0290

0.161 0.155 0.150 0.145

0.322 0.311 0.300 0.290

1.620 1.561 1.506 1.454

3.26 3.14 3.03 2.92

6.61 6.35 6.12 5.90

13.62 13.03 12.50 12.01

21.10 20.08 19.18 18.38

29.1 27.6 26.2 25.0

37.9 35.5 33.6 32.0

63.9 58.4 54.2 50.9

100.6 87.3 78.8 72.6

122.4 102.2 90.7 82.7

166.5 126.9 109.1 98.0

358.4 188.6 148.5 128.3

524.2 394.9 270.8 209.9

577.7 498.2 402.2 315.0

694.5 655.7 614.8 572.3

400 425 450 475

500 550 600 650

0.0280 0.0263 0.0248 0.0235

0.140 0.132 0.124 0.117

0.280 0.263 0.248 0.235

1.407 1.320 1.244 1.176

2.82 2.65 2.49 2.36

5.69 5.33 5.01 4.73

11.57 10.79 10.12 9.53

17.65 16.39 15.33 14.41

24.0 22.1 20.6 19.4

30.5 28.1 26.1 24.4

48.1 43.6 40.1 37.3

67.7 60.4 55.0 50.8

76.7 67.9 61.5 56.6

89.9 78.6 70.7 64.8

115.2 98.3 87.4 79.4

177.9 143.2 123.5 110.3

256.9 195.4 163.6 143.6

529.0 445.2 374.3 321.0

500 550 600 650

700 750 800

0.0223 0.0212 0.0202

0.111 0.106 0.101

0.223 0.212 0.202

1.115 1.060 1.011

2.23 2.12 2.02

4.48 4.26 4.05

9.01 8.55 8.14

13.60 12.89 12.25

18.2 17.3 16.4

22.9 21.7 20.6

35.0 32.9 31.2

47.3 44.4 41.9

52.6 49.3 46.5

60.1 56.2 52.9

73.2 68.2 64.0

100.6 93.0 86.8

129.4 118.7 110.2

282.0 252.9 230.5

700 750 800

Water Steam

8

100 311.1 688 55.5

15,000

1000

Specific Internal Energy of Water and Steam Pressure (kPa) Sat. temp. (ºC) Sat. specific internal energy (kJ/kg) Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

0

10

50

100

500

1,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

22,105

0.1 45.9

81.4

1 99.7

151.9

10 179.9

212.5

250.4

275.7

295.1

100 311.1

342.3

365.9

374.1

Water Steam

192.0 2438.0

340.6 2483.9

417.5 2506.1

639.8 2561.3

761.9 2583.7

906.6 2600.4

1082.5 2602.4

1205.6 2589.8

1305.7 2569.9

1393.2 2544.6

1585.8 2455.7

1786.6 2294.9

2045.3 2045.3

2375 2410 2446 2481 2516 2552 2588 2625 2662 2699 2736 2774 2812 2851 2890 2929 2969 3009 3050 3091 3132 3217 3303 3390 3480 3571 3664

0.0 104.9 2444 2480 2516 2552 2588 2624 2661 2698 2736 2774 2812 2851 2890 2929 2969 3009 3050 3091 3132 3217 3302 3390 3480 3571 3664

0.0 104.9 209.3 313.9 2512 2549 2586 2623 2660 2697 2735 2773 2811 2850 2889 2929 2968 3009 3049 3090 3132 3216 3302 3390 3479 3571 3664

0.0 104.9 209.3 313.9 2507 2545 2583 2620 2658 2696 2734 2772 2810 2849 2888 2928 2968 3008 3049 3090 3132 3216 3302 3390 3479 3571 3664

0.0 104.8 209.2 313.8 418.8 524.6 631.7 2601 2643 2684 2724 2763 2803 2843 2883 2923 2963 3004 3045 3087 3128 3213 3300 3388 3478 3569 3662

0.0 104.8 209.1 313.7 418.7 524.4 631.4 740.1 2622 2667 2710 2752 2793 2834 2875 2916 2957 2999 3040 3082 3124 3210 3297 3385 3475 3567 3660

0.0 104.7 209.0 313.4 418.4 524.1 630.9 739.5 850.3 2628 2680 2727 2773 2817 2860 2903 2945 2988 3030 3073 3116 3203 3291 3380 3471 3563 3657

0.0 104.6 208.7 313.0 417.8 523.3 630.0 738.3 848.8 962.3 1080.3 2668 2725 2778 2827 2874 2920 2965 3010 3055 3100 3189 3279 3370 3462 3555 3650

Specific Internal Energy (kJ/kg) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 104.4 104.3 104.1 103.7 208.4 208.1 207.8 207.1 312.6 312.2 311.7 310.7 417.2 416.7 416.1 414.7 522.6 521.9 521.2 519.4 629.1 628.2 627.3 625.1 737.2 736.0 734.9 732.1 847.4 845.9 844.5 841.0 960.5 958.6 956.8 952.4 1077.8 1075.4 1073.0 1067.3 1202.1 1198.7 1195.4 1187.5 2667 2591 1328.3 1316.6 2732 2678 2610 1462.3 2790 2748 2699 2520 2843 2808 2770 2651 2893 2864 2832 2741 2941 2916 2889 2814 2989 2967 2943 2879 3036 3016 2995 2940 3082 3064 3046 2997 3175 3160 3145 3105 3267 3254 3242 3209 3360 3349 3338 3310 3453 3444 3435 3411 3548 3540 3532 3511 3643 3636 3629 3611

0.2 103.4 206.4 309.7 413.4 517.7 622.9 729.4 837.7 948.2 1061.9 1180.2 1306.1 1444.9 1612.3 2449 2619 2724 2806 2878 2943 3062 3174 3281 3386 3490 3593

0.2 103.2 206.1 309.3 412.8 517.0 622.0 728.3 836.3 946.5 1059.7 1177.3 1302.0 1438.5 1599.0 2210 2552 2679 2772 2850 2919 3044 3159 3269 3376 3481 3585

9

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Critical pressure

100,000 1000

0.2 103.0 205.7 308.7 412.1 516.0 620.8 726.8 834.5 944.2 1056.7 1173.4 1296.6 1430.3 1583.6 1799 2430 2609 2721 2808 2884 3018 3138 3252 3361 3469 3574

0.3 102.6 205.0 307.7 410.8 514.4 618.7 724.3 831.3 940.3 1051.8 1167.1 1287.9 1417.5 1561.9 1738 2067 2455 2619 2731 2821 2970 3101 3221 3336 3447 3556

0.3 101.9 203.7 305.8 408.3 511.2 614.8 719.4 825.4 932.9 1042.6 1155.3 1272.3 1395.7 1528.7 1677 1855 2097 2365 2549 2678 2870 3023 3158 3284 3403 3518

0.2 101.2 202.4 304.0 405.9 508.1 611.0 714.8 819.7 926.1 1034.2 1144.7 1258.7 1377.5 1503.2 1639 1788 1960 2160 2361 2525 2764 2942 3094 3231 3358 3480

-0.7 97.8 196.5 295.7 395.1 494.6 594.3 694.5 795.4 897.1 999.6 1103.0 1207.5 1313.6 1421.8 1532 1646 1762 1881 2002 2124 2366 2593 2796 2978 3142 3292

Temp (º C) 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

9

4200

4200

4000

4000

Specific Enthalpy (kJ/kg) .

Enthalpy - Entropy diagram for Steam 3800

3800

3600

3600

3400

3400

3200

3200

3000

3000

2800

2800

2600

2600

2400

2400

2200

2200

2000

2000

1800

1800 4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

Specific Entropy (kJ/kg.K) 10

7

7.5

8

8.5

9

Properties of R-12, CCl2F2 Specific volume (m3/kg) Liquid Vapour

Saturated Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) Liquid Vapour

Pressure (MPa)

t

P

vf

vg

hf

hg

sf

sg

h

s

h

s

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20

0.0643 0.0808 0.1004 0.1237 0.1509

0.00066 0.00067 0.00067 0.00068 0.00069

0.2428 0.1963 0.1603 0.1320 0.1097

164.0 168.4 172.8 177.3 181.7

334.0 336.4 338.8 341.2 343.5

0.8583 0.8769 0.8951 0.9132 0.9309

1.5875 1.5824 1.5779 1.5738 1.5701

345.2 347.8 350.3 352.8 355.4

1.6334 1.6281 1.6233 1.6189 1.6151

356.7 359.4 362.1 364.8 367.5

1.6771 1.6715 1.6665 1.6619 1.6578

-15 -10 -5 0 5

0.1825 0.2189 0.2607 0.3083 0.3621

0.00069 0.00070 0.00071 0.00072 0.00072

0.0918 0.0773 0.0656 0.0559 0.0480

186.2 190.8 195.4 200.0 204.7

345.9 348.2 350.4 352.7 354.9

0.9485 0.9658 0.9830 1.0000 1.0168

1.5668 1.5639 1.5613 1.5590 1.5569

357.9 360.4 362.9 365.3 367.7

1.6117 1.6087 1.6060 1.6035 1.6014

370.1 372.8 375.4 378.1 380.6

1.6542 1.6510 1.6481 1.6456 1.6434

10 15 20 25 30

0.4228 0.4907 0.5665 0.6507 0.7438

0.00073 0.00074 0.00075 0.00076 0.00077

0.0413 0.0358 0.0311 0.0271 0.0238

209.4 214.2 219.0 223.9 228.9

357.1 359.2 361.2 363.2 365.2

1.0335 1.0501 1.0665 1.0829 1.0992

1.5550 1.5532 1.5516 1.5501 1.5487

370.1 372.5 374.8 377.1 379.3

1.5995 1.5978 1.5963 1.5950 1.5938

383.2 385.8 388.3 390.8 393.2

1.6414 1.6396 1.6381 1.6367 1.6356

35 40 45 50

0.8464 0.9591 1.0824 1.2171

0.00079 0.00080 0.00081 0.00082

0.0209 0.0184 0.0162 0.0143

233.9 239.0 244.2 249.5

367.0 368.8 370.5 372.1

1.1154 1.1315 1.1477 1.1638

1.5473 1.5459 1.5445 1.5431

381.5 383.6 385.6 387.6

1.5927 1.5917 1.5907 1.5898

395.6 397.9 400.3 402.5

1.6345 1.6336 1.6327 1.6320

11

Specific entropy (kJ/kg.K) Liquid Vapour

Superheated by 20K by 40K (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K)

Saturation temperature (deg C)

Properties of Ammonia, NH3 Specific volume (m3/kg) Liquid Vapour

Saturated Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) Liquid Vapour

Superheated

Saturation temperature (deg C)

Pressure (MPa)

t

P

vf

vg

hf

hg

sf

sg

h

s

h

s

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20

0.0717 0.0931 0.1194 0.1515 0.1901

0.00145 0.00146 0.00148 0.00149 0.00150

1.553 1.217 0.964 0.772 0.624

59.4 78.9 98.5 118.1 137.7

1448 1453 1458 1463 1467

0.438 0.521 0.602 0.682 0.760

6.394 6.292 6.194 6.100 6.010

1527 1533 1538 1544 1549

6.701 6.595 6.494 6.398 6.306

1597 1603 1609 1614 1620

6.930 6.821 6.717 6.618 6.523

-15 -10 -5 0 5

0.2362 0.2907 0.3548 0.4294 0.5158

0.00152 0.00153 0.00155 0.00157 0.00158

0.509 0.418 0.347 0.289 0.243

157.4 177.2 197.0 216.9 236.9

1471 1474 1477 1479 1481

0.837 0.912 0.986 1.060 1.132

5.923 5.840 5.759 5.681 5.605

1554 1558 1563 1567 1570

6.218 6.134 6.053 5.975 5.900

1625 1630 1635 1639 1644

6.433 6.347 6.265 6.185 6.109

10 15 20 25 30

0.6151 0.7285 0.8575 1.0032 1.1672

0.00160 0.00162 0.00164 0.00166 0.00168

0.205 0.175 0.149 0.128 0.110

257.0 277.1 297.3 317.7 338.2

1483 1483 1484 1483 1483

1.202 1.272 1.341 1.409 1.476

5.531 5.459 5.388 5.319 5.252

1574 1577 1579 1582 1584

5.828 5.758 5.691 5.625 5.561

1648 1652 1655 1659 1662

6.036 5.966 5.898 5.832 5.768

35 40 45 50

1.3508 1.5554 1.7827 2.0340

0.00170 0.00173 0.00175 0.00178

0.096 0.083 0.072 0.063

358.8 379.6 400.6 421.9

1481 1479 1476 1472

1.543 1.609 1.674 1.739

5.185 5.119 5.054 4.990

1585 1586 1587 1587

5.499 5.439 5.379 5.322

1664 1667 1669 1671

5.707 5.647 5.589 5.532

12

Specific entropy (kJ/kg.K) Liquid Vapour

by 20K (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K)

by 40K (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K)

Ammonia NH3 1000

100

Pressure (MPa)

10

1

0.1

0.01 0

200

400

600

800

1000 Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

13

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Carbon Dioxide CO2 100

Pressure (MPa)

10

1

0.1 300

400

500

600

700

800 Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

14

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

Methane CH4 10

Pressure (MPa)

1

0.1

0.01 -1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

15

200

400

600

800

R-410A (50/50 CH2F2 / CHF2CF3 by mass) 10

Pressure (MPa)

1

0.1

0.01 0

100

200

300 Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

16

400

500

600