A detailed inspection of the stationary and rotating steam path components
An accounting of performance losses on a stageby-stage basis
An accounting of performance losses on a component-by-component basis
A presentation of losses in power and heat rate
Impulse Blading
DIAPHRAGM TIP SPILL STRIPS
TENON
TIP LEAKAGE COVER OR SHROUD SHELL
STEAM FLOW
ROTATING
STATIONARY
BLADE
BLADE
PRESSURE
BOWL PRESSURE
ROOT LEAKAGE
ROOT SPILL STRIPS DOVETAIL
BALANCE HOLE FLOW BALANCE HOLE
PACKING WHEEL
INTERSTAGE PACKING LEAKAGE
SHAFT
The specific areas of concern addressed by the audit are: 1) Leakages: - past stationary stage blading - past rotating stage blading - past shaft end packings where rotors emerge from casings - across poorly fitting joints - other miscellaneous leakages 2) Surface finish degradation: - deposits - corrosion - solid particle erosion - mechanical damage
The objective of the audit is to assess the condition of the turbine steam path to identify degradation in thermal performance of the unit and to point out the cause and location of power and efficiency losses.
Benefits of a SPA
Provides detailed inspection of steam path
Quantify heat rate, power and efficiency impact on component-by-component basis
Aid economic decisions during the repair outage
Prioritize maintenance decisions on a benefit-to-cost ratio
Quantify the quality of turbine repairs by performing a closing steam path audit
Provides excellent record/history of equipment condition for future reference
The Outage Time-Line TURBINE OUTAGE
Shutdown
Startup
Disassembly
Pre-Outage Test
Opening Steam Path Audit
Reassembly
Upgrade and Maintenance
Closing Steam Path Audit
Post-Outage Test
Results
Quantification of losses measured in pre-outage test Quality check on maintenance performed during the outage Performance improvement resulting from individual maintenance actions Expected return-to-service performance
Chronology of a Steam Path Audit
Computer Model
Create turbine model at STEAG’s office using the Thermal Kit
Design heat balance (VWO)
Turbine cross section
Clearance and steam seal system diagram
First stage shell pressure curve
Coordinate Activities
Coordinate activities with owner
Plan around grit blasting schedule Place upper half of casing w/ horizontal joint up or lay on ground w/ trailing edges up Leave all packing (interstage & shaft end) in place until measured. This speeds SPA process significantly All stages must be inspected prior to grit blasting
Sequence of Events
Inspect casing horizontal joint for leakage paths
Measure blade geometry
Measure packing teeth, interstage, tip, root, and & shaft end
Create a photographic record of the steam path
Geometric data for the steam path must be obtained to properly model turbine
Solid Particle Erosion
Mechanical Damage
Cover Deposits
Blade Deposits
Foreign Object Damage
Flow Path Damage
Surface Roughness
encotec h, Inc. encotech
Surface Roughness
Root Cracks
Tip Spill Strip
Clearance Measurements
Surface Roughness
Geometry Measurements
INDIAN EXPERIENCE A Case Study
TYPICAL 200 MW
Commissioned in the year 1984
Tandem compound two flow LP steam turbine
HP/IP – an opposed flow design
Output – 206,260 kW at VWO condition
Initial steam conditions
Pressure 14710 kPa, Temp. 535/535 deg C
Exhaust Pressure 10.49 kPa
Shaft speed 3000 rpm
Total thirty three stages, Six Extractions
Preliminary Observations
HP Casing Severe Flow Path Damage on stages 2, 3, and 4 Tip, Root, and Interstage Packings rubbed IP Casing Severe Flow Path Damage on stages 11, and 12 Tip, Root, and Interstage Packings rubbed LP Casing Tip, and Interstage Packings rubbed Slant End Packings severely rubbed
Change in Power by Category – Total All Casings OPENING
CLOSING
AUDIT
AUDIT
7000
6738.2
7000
6000
6000
5000 ) W k ( 4000 s s o L r 3000 e w o P 2000
) W5000 k ( s s 4000 o L r e 3000 w o P2000
4795.3 4177.8 3477.5 2740.4
2506.6
1447.4
1000
4570
3241.1
1975.3
1000 0
e s g g a i n t s r k c e t a n P I
l l i s p p S i r p t i S T
s g n i k c a P d n E
s u s o e e g n a a k l l e a e c L s i M
h t e a g P a w m a o D l F
e g t n c a h a C p m w I o l F
s e s c e a n f r h u g S u o R
s r t e i v s o o C p e D
s n o d i n t a a l H u c l a c
e g s d s E e n g k n i c i l h i a T r T
e s g g a i n t s r k e c a t n P I
2077.8
282.4
260.2
0
s p i r t S l l i p S p i T
s g n i k c a P d n E
s s s e h e e s t u s r t r n g s y g i o s a g n t e e o d s e e s i c a d e e P a c a n v o n t E e v n g h a n o h a f l r g o p a a w m k c e a u g l n o a C p u u C D l k l c e H i c l m S o l e a F D w I i i h R c e a a o R l s L c r T i T F M
Power Loss by Casing OPENING
CLOSING
AUDIT
AUDIT 12000
12000 10499.3
10000
10000
) W k ( s s o L r e w o P
) 8000 W k ( s s o L 6000 r e w o P 4000
8000
6000
4000
1928.6
2000
1123.6
1415.8
6738.2
6495.5
2000
1023.9
843.4
IP
LP Gov
802.9
0
0 HP
IP
LP Gov
LP Gen
HP
LP Gen
Recovery
Change in Power by Category – HP Casing OPENING
CLOSING
AUDIT
AUDIT
5000
5000 4270.6
4000
) W k ( s 3000 s o L r e 2000 w o P 1000
) W k ( s 3000 s o L r e 2000 w o P
2627.5
1630.7 1300.6
e s g g a n t i s r k c e t a n P I
1037.0
1083.8
h t e a g P a w m o a l F D
s e s c e n a h f r g u S u o R
1000
669.8
120.5
0
4003.7
3992.1
4000
l l i s p p S i r p t i S T
s g n i k c a P d n E
s u o s e e n g a a l l k e a c e s L i M
h t e e a g g t P a n a c h a w m p a C o l m F D w I o l F
s e s c e n a h f r g u S u o R
s r t i e s v o o p C e D
s n o i d t n l a a H u c l a c
e g d s s E e n g k n c i i l i h a r T T
0
e s g g a n t s i k r e c t a n P I
262.1
s g n i k c a P d n E
s n o i d t n l a a H u c l a c
y r e v o c e R
Change in Power by Category – IP Casing OPENING
CLOSING
AUDIT
AUDIT
2000
2000
1500
1500 1206
) 1000 W k ( s s o L 500 r e w o P 0
-500
-1000
965.3
355.4
-639.9
e s g g a n t i s r k e c t a n P I
l l i p s p S i r t p i S T
41.8
s g n i k c a P d n E
s u o s e e n g a a l l k e a c e s L i M
h s t e e a g g e s n t P a a c c e n a h h a f w m a C p r o u g l D m S u F w I o o R l F
s r t i e s v o o p C e D
s n o i d t n l a a H u c l a c
e g s d s E e n g k n c i l i i h a r T T
) 1000 W k ( s s o L 500 r e w o P 0
-500
-1000
938.3
904.7 591.2
17.0
e s g g a i n t s r k e c a t n P -527.3 I
4.6
s g n i k c a P d n E
h e t a g P a w m o a l F D
s s e e c n a h f r g u u S o R
s n o i d t n l a a u H l c a c
y r e v o c e R
Change in Power by Category – LP Gov Casing OPENING
CLOSING
AUDIT
AUDIT
1000
1000
800
800 ) W k ( s 600 s o L r e 400 w o P
) W k ( s 600 s o L r e 400 w o P
473.7 413.1
226.40
530.1
280.2
249.4
200
200
55.3 10.4
0
e s g g a n t i s r k c e t a n P I
l l s i g p s p n S i i r k p t i S c T a P d n E
8.7
s u o s e e n g a a l l k e a c e s L i M
h s s t e e s r t i a g g e e e n s P a a t c c n v o a h a f h o p w m C e o a C p r u g l u D D m S F w I o o R l F
s n o d i t n l a a H u c l a c
e g s d s E e n g k n c i l i i h a r T T
0
e s g g a i n t s r k e c a t n P I
s g n i k c a P d n E
h t e a g P a w m o a l D F
s s e e c n a h f r g u u S o R
s n o i d t n l a a H u c l a c
y r e v o c e R
Change in Power by Category – LP Gen Casing OPENING
CLOSING
AUDIT 800
) W k ( s 600 s o L r e 400 w o P
AUDIT
1000
1000
800
751.5
407.9
195.8
) W k ( s 600 s o L r e 400 w o P
612.9 575.2
200
200
153.4 67.4
60.60
7.0
0
l e s l s i g g p s g p a n n S i t i r i s t k k p r c i e a T S c a t P n P I d n E
0
s h s e s s t e e u t n g s g r i e s o s a g e o d s e n s t i c a P e e a c a n v o d t E e n g w m h a f n o p a g n a a o a C p r h g C e a l l u i n k u l k l H c u D c m S o l e a F D w I l i i h c e a o a R l s L c r T i F T M
e s g g a n t i s r k e c t a n P I
s g n i k c a P d n E
h e t a g P a w m o a l F D
s e s c e n a h f r g u S u o R
s n o d i t n l a a u H c l a c
y r e v o c e R
Change in Heat rate by Category – Total All Casings OPENING
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