STE Grade 10 Electronics Q1 Module 1 and 2

   

2> CFCE]YALKEU Rubrtcr 2  ―  Oamufc  Oamufc 2 CFCE]YALKE U[OIAFU

  

 

Uekclec  ― Jrbmc 2> Bftcrlbtkvc Bftcrlbtkv c Mcfkvcry Oamc Rubrtcr 2  ― Oamufc 2 ]ktfc4 CFCE]YALKE U[OIAFU @krst Cmktkal, 9>9> Ycpuifke Bet 89;5, scetkal 2:0 stbtcs 2:0 stbtcs thbt4 La eapyrkjht shbff suiskst kl bly warg a` thc Javcrloclt ^hkfkppklcs. Hawcvcr, prkar`ar bppravbf a` thca` javcrloclt ar a``kec whcrckl thc warga`ksthc ercbtcm shbff ic lcecssbry cxpfaktbtkal sueh warg bjcley `ar pra`kt. Uueh bjcley ar a``kec oby, boalj athcr thkljs, kopasc bs b ealmktkal thc pbyoclt a` raybftkcs. Iarrawcm obtcrkbfs (k.c., saljs, starkcs, pacos, pketurcs, phatas, irblm lbocs, trbmcobrgs, cte.) klefumcm kl thks oamufc brc awlcm iy thckr rcspcetkvc eapyrkjht hafmcrs. Cvcry c``art hbs iccl cxcrtcm ta faebtc blm sccg pcroksskal ta usc thcsc obtcrkbfs `rao thckr rcspcetkvc eapyrkjht awlcrs. ]hc puifkshcr blm buthars ma lat rcprcsclt lar efbko awlcrshkp avcr thco. ^uifkshcm iy thc Mcpbrtoclt a` Cmuebtkal Ucerctbry4 Fcalar Objtafks Irkalcs Slmcrscerctbry4 Slmcrscerctbr y4 Mkasmbma O. Ubl Bltalka Mcvcfapoclt Mcvcfapo clt ]cbo a` thc Oamufc Zrktcrs4 Ehbrfclc Zrktcrs4  Ehbrfclc L. Juklta Cmktar4 Bkksb Cmktar4  Bkksb E. Earpuz, ^hM Ycvkcwcr4 Fkfy Icth I. Obffbrk Kffustrbtar4 Dalbthbl U. Ibrtafaoc Fbyaut Brtkst4 Dalbthbl Brtkst4 Dalbthbl U. Ibrtafaoc Oblbjcoclt ]cbo4 Obrkb Ebrocl ^. Euclea, CmM, ECUA P Faurmcs J. Mcfb Eruz, ^hM Yaicrt C. Asaljea,CmM Fkfy Icth I. Obffbrk  Bkksb E. Earpuz, Earpuz, ^hM Yciceeb G. Uatta,^hM

^rkltcm kl thc ^hkfkppklcs iy Mcpbrtoclt Mcpbrtoclt a` Cmuebtkal-Ycjkal KKK ]brfbe Ekty Uehaafs Mkvkskal  ― Fcbrlklj Ycsaurec Oblbjcoclt Ucetkal (FYOU) A``kec Bmmrcss4 ]cfc`bx4 C-obkf Bmmrcss4

Dubl Fulb Utrcct, Uta.Erksta, ]brfbe Ekty (>=3) ;89==5;7 =:>828> tbrfbe.ektyNmcpcm.jav.ph tbrfbe.ektyNmcpcm.jav.ph

   

; CFCE]YALKEU  Rubrtcr 2  ―  Oamufc  Oamufc 24 CFCE]YALKE U[OIAFU

   

 

Kltramuetary Ocssbjc @ar thc `bekfktbtar4 `bekfktbtar4 Zcfeaoc ta Cfcetralkes Bftcrlbtkvc Mcfkvcry Mcfkvcry Oamc (BMO) Oamufc al Cfcetralke Uyoiafs!  ]hks oamufc oamufc wbs eaffbiarbtkvcfy mcskjlcm, mcvcfapcm mcvcfapcm blm rcvkcwcm iy cmuebtars iath `rao puifke blm prkvbtc klstktutkals ta bsskst yau, thc tcbehcr ar `bekfktbtar kl hcfpklj thc fcbrlcrs occt thc stblmbrms sct iy thc G ta 29 Eurrkeufuo whkfc avcreaoklj thckr pcrsalbf, saekbf, blm cealaoke ealstrbklts kl sehaafklj.  ]hks fcbrlklj rcsaurec hapcs ta cljbjc thc fcbrlcrs klta jukmcm blm klmcpclmclt fcbrlklj betkvktkcs bt thckr awl pbec blm tkoc. @urthcroarc, thks bfsa bkos ta hcfp fcbrlcrs bequkrc thc lccmcm 92st ecltury sgkffs whkfc tbgklj klta ealskmcrbtkal thckr lccms blm ekreuostblecs. Kl bmmktkal ta thc obtcrkbf kl thc obkl tcxt, yau wkff bfsa scc thks iax kl thc iamy a` thc oamufc4

Latcs ta thc ]cbehcr  ]hks ealtbkls hcfp`uf tkps tkps ar strbtcjkcs thbt wkff hcfp yau kl jukmklj thc fcbrlcrs.

Bs b `bekfktbtar yau brc cxpcetcm ta arkclt thc fcbrlcrs al haw ta usc thks oamufc. [au bfsa lccm ta gccp trbeg a` thc fcbrlcrs' prajrcss whkfc bffawklj thco ta oblbjc o blbjc thckr awl fcbrlklj. @urthcroarc, yau brc cxpcetcm ta cleaurbjc blm bsskst thc fcbrlcrs bs thcy ma thc tbsgs klefumcm kl thc oamufc.

=

 

 

@ar thc fcbrlcr4 Zcfeaoc ta thc Uekclec 2> Bftcrlbtkvc Mcfkvcry Oamc (BMO) Oamufc al Cfcetralkes (Cfcetralke Uyoiafs)!  ]hc hblm ks alc a` thc oast syoiafkzcm pbrt a` thc huobl iamy. Kt ks a`tcl uscm ta mcpket sgkff, betkal blm purpasc. ]hraujh aur hblms wc oby fcbrl, ercbtc blm beeaopfksh. Hclec, thc hblm kl thks fcbrlklj rcsaurec skjlk`kcs thbt yau bs b fcbrlcr ks ebpbifc blm copawcrcm ta sueecss`uffy behkcvc thc rcfcvblt eaopctclekcs blm sgkffs bt yaur awl pbec blm tkoc. [aur bebmcoke sueecss fkcs kl yaur awl hblms!  ]hks oamufc wbs mcskjlcm ta pravkmc yau wkth `ul blm ocblklj`uf app appartulktkcs artulktkcs `ar jukmcm blm klmcpclmclt fcbrlklj bt yaur awl pbec blm tkoc. [au wkff ic clbifcm ta praecss thc ealtclts a` thc fcbrlklj rcsaurec whkfc icklj bl betkvc be tkvc fcbrlcr.  ]hks oamufc hbs thc `affawklj pbrts pbrts blm earrcspalmklj keals4 Zhbt K Lccm ta Glaw

 ]hks wkff jkvc yau bl kmcb a` thc sgkffs ar eaopctclekcs yau brc cxpcetcm ta fcbrl kl thc oamufc.

Zhbt K Glaw

 ]hks pbrt klefumcs bl betkvkty thbt bkos ta ehceg whbt yau bfrcbmy glaw biaut thc fcssal ta tbgc. K` yau jct bff thc blswcrs earrcet (2>>%), yau oby mcekmc ta sgkp thks oamufc.

Zhbt‛s Kl  

Zhbt‛s Lcw  

Zhbt ks Kt

Zhbt‛s Oarc  

 ]hks ks b irkc` mrkff ar rcvkcw ta hcfp yau y au fklg thc eurrclt fcssal wkth thc prcvkaus alc. Kl thks partkal, thc lcw fcssal wkff ic kltramuecm ta yau kl vbrkaus wbys sueh bs b stary, b salj, b paco, b praifco apclcr, bl betkvkty ar b sktubtkal.  ]hks scetkal pravkmcs b irkc` mkseusskal mkseusskal a` thc fcssal. ]hks bkos ta hcfp yau mkseavcr blm ulmcrstblm lcw ealecpts blm sgkffs.  ]hks eaoprkscs betkvktkcs `ar klmcpclmclt prbetkec ta safkmk`y yaur ulmcrstblmklj blm sgkffs a` thc tapke. [au oby ehceg thc blswcrs ta thc cxcrekscs usklj thc Blswcr Gcy bt thc clm a` thc oamufc.

Zhbt K Hbvc Fcbrlcm

 ]hks klefumcs qucstkals ar ifblg scltclec/pbrbjrbph ta ic `kffcm klta praecss whbt yau fcbrlcm `rao thc fcssal.

Zhbt K Ebl Ma

 ]hks scetkal pravkmcs bl betkvkty whkeh wkff hcfp yau trbls`cr yaur lcw glawfcmjc ar sgkff klta rcbf fk`c sktubtkals ar ealecrls.

3

 

 

Bsscssoclt

Bmmktkalbf Betkvktkcs

Blswcr Gcy

 ]hks ks b tbsg whkeh bkos ta cvbfubtc yaur fcvcf a` obstcry kl behkcvklj thc fcbrlklj eaopctcley. Kl thks partkal, blathcr betkvkty wkff ic jkvcl ta yau ta clrkeh yaur glawfcmjc ar sgkff a` thc fcssal fcbrlcm. ]hks bfsa tclms rctcltkal a` fcbrlcm ealecpts.  ]hks ealtbkls blswcrs ta bff betkvktkcs be tkvktkcs kl thc oamufc.

Bt thc clm a` thks oamufc yau wkff bfsa `klm4

Yc`crclecs

 ]hks ks b fkst fkst a` bff saurecs saurecs uscm kl mcvcfapklj mcvcfapklj thks oamufc.

 ]hc `affawklj brc saoc rcoklmcrs kl usklj thks thks oamufc4 2. 2.   Ssc thc oamufc wkth ebrc. Ma lat put ullcecssbry obrg/s al bly b ly pbrt a` thc oamufc. Ssc b scpbrbtc shcct a` pbpcr kl blswcrklj thc cxcrekscs. 9. 9.   Mal‛t `arjct ta blswcr Zhbt K Glaw  ic`arc   ic`arc oavklj al ta thc athcr betkvktkcs klefumcm kl thc oamufc. 5. 5.   Ycbm thc klstruetkal ebrc`uffy ic`arc maklj cbeh tbsg. =. =.   Aiscrvc halcsty blm kltcjrkty kl maklj thc tbsgs blm ehcegklj yaur blswcrs. 3. 3.   @klksh thc tbsg bt hblm ic`arc praeccmklj ta thc lcxt. 0. 0.   Ycturl thks oamufc ta yaur tcbehcr/`bekfktbtar alec yau brc thraujh wkth kt. K` yau cleaultcr bly mk``keufty kl blswcrklj thc tbsgs kl thks oamufc, ma lat hcsktbtc ta ealsuft yaur tcbehcr ar `bekfktbtar. Bfwbys icbr kl oklm thbt yau brc lat bfalc. Zc hapc thbt thraujh thks obtcrkbf, yau wkff cxpcrkclec ocblklj`uf fcbrlklj fcbrlkl j blm jbkl mccp ulmcrstblmklj a` thc rcfcvblt eaopctclekcs. [au ebl ma kt!

0

 

 

Zhbt K Lccm ta Glaw

 ]hks oamufc wbs mcskjlcm blm wrkttcl wkth yau kl oklm. Kt ks hcrc ta hcfp  yau obstcr thc lbturc a` Ikafajy. ]hc ]hc seapc a` thks oamufc pc pcrokts rokts kt ta ic uscm kl obly mk``crclt fcbrlklj sktubtkals. ]hc fbljubjc uscm rceajlkzcs thc mkvcrsc vaebiufbry fcvcf a` stumclts. ]hc fcssals brc brrbljcm ta `affaw `affa w thc stblmbrm scquclec a` thc eaursc. Iut thc armcr kl whkeh yau rcbm thco ebl ic ehbljcm ta earrcspalm wkth thc tcxtiaag yau brc law usklj. B`tcr jaklj thraujh thks oamufc, yau brc cxpcetcm ta4 2. 2.  Kmcltk`y thc cfcetrke syoiafs `ar ibske ekreukt cfcoclts 9. 9.  Ssc cfcetrkebf syoiaf ta mrbw skopfc ekreukt mkbjrbos 5. 5.  Kffustrbtc thc cfcetralke syoiafs

Zhbt K Glaw

Ehaasc thc fcttcr a` thc icst blswcr. Zrktc thc ehascl fcttcr al b scpbrbtc shcct a` pbpcr.

2.  Zhbt ma yau ebff b pbth ar b fklc kl whkeh bl cfcetrkebf eurrclt ebl `faw1 B.  B.  Zkrc I. I.   Ealmuetar E. E.   Cfcetrkekty M. M.   Cfcetrke ekreukt

9.  Zc usc cfcetralke syoiaf icebuscQQQ. B.  B.   ]hcy obgc kffustrbtklj thc ekreukt mkbjrbo mkbjrbo skopfcr blm cbskcr ta ulmcrstblm. I. I.   ]hc syoiafs brc `ar cfcetrkebf cljklccrs alfy. E. E.   Obly ma lat ulmcrstblm thc eaopalclts thbt why wc usc thc syoiafs sy oiafs al thckr ichbf` M. M.   Cfcetralke syoiafs brc lat uscm murklj thks mkseusskal.

:

 

 

5.  Zhbt ks thc syoiaf `ar swkteh1 B.  B.  I. I.  

E.  M. M.   =. Zhbt ks b ekreukt mkbjrbo (ar cfcetrkebf sehcobtke mkbjrbo)1 B.  B.  B mrbwklj thbt shaws thc eallcetkals blm b lm eaopalclts kl bl cfcetrkebf ekreukt. Kt macsl't rcprcsclt haw thcy'rc brrbljcm, dust haw thcy'rc eallcetcm. I. I.   B mrbwklj thbt shaws thc eallcetkals blm eaopalclts kl bl cfcetrkebf ekreukt. Kt's brtkstke blm macsl't hbvc rcbf warfm ocblklj. E. E.   B mrbwklj thbt shaws thc eallcetkals blm eaopalclts e aopalclts kl bl cfcetrkebf ekreukt. Kt rcprcsclts haw thcy'rc brrbljcm, blm haw thcy'rc eallcetcm. M. M.   B mrbwklj thbt shaws thc eaopalclts kl bl cfcetrkebf ekreukt. Kt macsl't rcprcsclt haw thcy'rc eallcetcm, dust haw thcy'rc brrbljcm. 3. Zhkeh a` thc `affawklj `affawklj ks LA] b rcbsal thbt wc usc syoiafs syoiafs kl aur ekreukt ekreukt mkbjrbos1 B.  B.  Icebusc wc fkgc ta obgc thkljs cxtrb eaopfkebtcm I. I.   Mkbjrbos brc cbskcr ta mrbw/rcqukrc fcss sgkff E. E.   Mkbjrbos brc efcbrcr blm cbskcr ta ulmcrstblm M. M.   Mkbjrbos brc qukegcr ta mrbw KK. Obtehklj ]ypc. Obteh thc mrbwklj mrbwklj al thc fc`t ta thckr lbocs al thc rkjth.

2.  Ecff

b.

9.  Uafclakm 5.  Cbrphalc

i. e.

=.  Ycskstar 3.  Ebpbektar

c. `.

8

 

 

Zhbt‛s Kl   Uyoiafs brc pbrt a` aur fkvcs. Zc scc thco whcl wc brc trbvcfklj bfalj thc hkjhwby, wc scc syoiafs murklj cbrthqubgc mrkffs bt aur sehaaf, ehcokstry bfsa uscs syoiafs ta rcprcsclt thc cfcoclts kl thc pcrkamke tbifc blm fbtcfy thc oast praoklclt syoiafs brc wcbrklj obsg, wbshklj a` hblms blm saekbf mkstbleklj. Iut whbt ma syoiafs ma1 Zhy ma wc hbvc thco1 @krst, thcy brc uscm ta bs rcoklmcrs, fkgc whbt wc brc cxpcrkcleklj law. Zc brc rcoklmcm r coklmcm iy thcsc syoiafs ta ic ebrc`uf lat ta ealtbet thc Earalb Pkrus iy thc ocrc bet a` hblm wbshklj, wcbrklj a` obsg whclcvcr wc brc autskmc blm ta bvakm erawmcm pfbecs. Ucealmfy, thcy brc uscm `ar ircvkty. Kl yaur ehcokstry efbss, kls klstcbm tcbm a` wrktklj thc whafc warm ebrial mkaxkmc, wc ebl skopfy s kopfy wrktc EA9. ]hc sboc ebl ic sbkm kl cfcetralkes, `ar thc sbgc a` shartlcss, syoiafs brc uscm ta rcprcsclt eaopalclts uscm kl thc mkseusskal. ]hks wkff ic a` jrcbt hcfp murklj mkseusskals blm fceturcs. f ceturcs. ]hks oamufc wkff `aeus al kmcltk`yklj k mcltk`yklj thcsc syoiafs uscm kl cfcetralkes.

Mkstklet syoiafs hbvc iccl uscm ta mcpket thc mk``crclt typcs a` cfcetralk cfcetralke e eaopalclts kl ekreukts, sklec thc vcry icjkllklj a` cfcetrkebf blm cfcetralke sekclec. ]amby, ekreukt syoiafs blm thckr usbjc hbs iccl prctty oueh stblmbrmkz stblmbrmkzcm. cm. ]hks clbifcs blyalc ta rcbm b ekreukt mkbjrbo m kbjrbo blm glaw whbt kt macs rcfbtkvcfy qukegfy. Uehcobtke syoiafs brc uscm ta rcprcsclt mk``crclt cfcetralke eaopalclts blm mcvkecs kl ekreukt mkbjrbos `rao wkrcs ta ibttcrkcs blm pbsskvc eaopalclts ta scokealmuetars, fajke ekreukts blm hkjhfy eaopfkebtcm kltcjrbtcm ekreukts. Iy usklj b eaooal sct a` ekreukt syoiafs kl sehcobtkes, kt ks passkifc `ar cfcetralke cljklccrs braulm thc jfaic ta eaooulk eaooulkebtc ebtc ekreukt kl`arobtkal ealekscfy blm wkthaut boikjukty. boikjukty.

Kt macs lat tbgc taa falj ta fcbrl whbt thc mk``crclt ekreukt syoiafs ocbl. A`tcl thks thks eaocs bfalj whcl fcbrlklj biaut jclcrbf cfcetralkes blywby. ]hc syoiafs `ar oarc eaopfkebtcm kltcjrbtcm ekreukts blm thc fkgc tclm ta ic iaxcs wkth thckr typc luoicr klefumcm, blm thks ocbls thbt thcrc ks lat bl kl`klktc vbrkcty a` mk``crclt syoiafs ta ic fcbrlcm blm ulmcrstaam.  ulmcrstaam. 

;

 

 

Latcs ta thc ]cbehcr  ]hc betkvktkcs kl thks oamufc brc brrbljcm `rao skopfc ta eaopfcx ta hcfp thc f cbrlcr jrbmubffy obstcr thc mcskrcm fcbrlklj eaopctcley4 Jkvc hko/hcr thc lccmcm suppart blm jukmblec sa thbt hc/shc wkff ic bifc ta pcr`aro thc tbsgs ta prcpbrc hko/hcr fbtcr al kl wrktklj oarc daurlbfkstke tcxts usklj thc prcsclt, pbst blm pbst pcr`cet tclsc a` thc vcris earrcetfy  

Zhbt‛s Lcw   Kmcltk`y thc `affawklj syoiafs4

2. 

 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ

9. 

 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ

5. 

 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQ

=. 

 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQ

3. 

 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQ 2>

 

 

Zc scc thcsc syoiafs rcjufbrfy, iut wc ma lat jkvc bttcltkal ta thco. Uaoc a` thcsc syoiafs brc uscm `ar wbrlklj, fkgc syoiafs a`  `bffklj  `bffklj mcirks  blm sfkppcry  blm sfkppcry whcl wct. Athcr syoiafs brc bfsa uscm kl obthcobtkes fkgc thc cqubf skjl blm thc Jrccg bfphbicts ta syoiafkzc bljfcs. Zc ebl law scc thc kopartblec a` syoiafs bs bppfkcm ta aur mbkfy fkvcs.

Zhbt ks Kt    ]hc `affawklj brc saoc ibske cfcetralke eaopalclts bs wcff bs thckr syoiafs4

CFCE]YALKE EAO^ALCL] LBOC

EAO^ALCL]

U[OIAF

Zkrc

 Daklcm wkrc

Zkrcs lat  daklcm

Uwkteh

Ecff

 ]hcsc syoiafs wkff ic usc kl thc mkseusskal thraujhaut thraujhaut aur cfcetralkes oamufc. Kt ks bmvkscm ta glaw thco iy jfblec.

22

 

 

BE vaftbjc saurec

Fbop

Klmuetar (safclakm)

Ar Ycskstar

Yhcastbt

^atcltkaoctcr

Ebpbektar

Mkamc

Fkjht cokttklj mkamc

29

 

 

Okeraphalc

Cbrphalc

Faumspcbgcr

Bopfk`kcr

 ]rbls`arocr   ]rbls`arocr

@usc

Paftoctcr

Booctcr

25

 

 

Ahooctcr

 ]rblskstar

Oatar

Fct us try thc lcxt betkvkty ta icttcr ulmcrstblm thcsc syoiafs4

 Dubl ks bl cfcetrkebf cljklccr blm hc wbs bsskjlcm iy th thc c eaopbly oblbjcr ta purehbsc saoc cfcetralke eaopalclts `ar thc jbmjcts thckr eaopbly wkff ic pramueklj. Dubl wbs jkvcl b pkcec a` pbpcr thbt ealtbkls thc fkst a` thkljs hc wkff iuy. Zhcl hc apclcm thc pbpcr thks whbt hc sccs.

2=

 

 

Iuy thc `affawklj obtcrkbfs4  

2.  93> ulkts a`

9.  5>> ulkts a`

5.  9>> ulkts a` =.  5>> pkcecs a`

3.  9>> pkcecs a` 0.  :>> octcrs a`

:.  3 pkcecs a`

8.  9 pkcecs a`

;.  2 ulkt

2>. 

2 ulkt  ]hc oblbjcr oblbjcr

23

 

 

Zhbt‛s

Oarc  

Ibscm al thc fkst jkvcl ta Dubl, whbt brc thc ktcos hc shaufm iuy1

2.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ 5.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ =.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ 3.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ 0.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ :.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ 8.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ ;.  QQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ 2>.   QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ [au okjht ic walmcrklj haw ta usc thcsc syoiafs, fct us kffustrbtc. ]hc syoiafs wkff ic bppfkcm ta whbt wc ebff cfcetralke sehcobtkes fkgc thc cxbopfc jkvcl icfaw7

Latkec thbt thc twa cxbopfcs biavc brc kffustrbtkals a` b skopfc ekreukt. B ekreukt ks b pbth ar b fklc kl whkeh bl cfcetrkebf eurrclt ebl `faw. ]hc pbth oby ic efascm (daklcm bt iath clms), obgklj thc faap. Al thc athcr hblm, bl apcl ekreukt obgcs thc `faw a` cfcetrkekty kopasskifc. Kl kffustrbtklj b ekreukt mkbjrbo usklj syoiafs wc rcmuec rc muec aur warg kl wrktklj blm mrbwklj thc betubf eaopalclt. Kobjklc cvcry tkoc wc wkff kffustrbtc b fbop ar b fkjht, wc oust mrbw b pketurc a` thc betubf fbop. ]hbt ks thc rcbsal thcsc syoiafs brc obmc.

20

 

 

Zhbt K Ebl Ma   Betkvkty 2 Zrktc thc syoiafs a` thc `affawklj pketurcs.

B.  B. 

I. I.  

E. E.  

M. M.  

C.  C. 

@.  @. 

J. J.  

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