Status of BJMP

CHAPTER 1 The Problem Background of the Study The government never fails to give due consideration to the situation of inmates by constantly pondering on their welfare and development while on detention and positively perceiving their positive outlook in life and their potential contribution upon their release. Authorities also extend extra effort to accommodate the increasing number of inmate by building additional detention centers. However, research indicates that after indulging criminal activities, approximately 70% of the released prisoners return to jail within a few years (http://www.rehabilitations.org/prisonerrehabilitation.html). In order for the rehabilitation programs for the inmates to be effective, Harer (1987) enumerated ten modern prison programs. These are: 1) the ‘Honor Program’ which is based on the principle of incentivizing positive behavior and holding individuals accountable for their actions. The purpose of the ‘Honor Program’ is to create

1

an atmosphere of safety, respect, and cooperation, so that prisoners can work on his/her specific selfimprovement and rehabilitative goals and projects which benefit themselves as well as the community. The second program is concerned on drug treatment. According to Harer, several studies prove that when people are forced into therapy, results are positive. Unfortunately, only a small proportion of inmates requesting drug treatment currently are helped. The third program has something to do with contemplative classes or practices that include meditation, yoga, and contemplative prayer or similar that is offered at correctional institutions for inmates and prison staff. There are many stated benefits of these programs such a stress relief for inmates and staff. The fourth program is on conjugal visit in which an inmate of a prison is permitted to spend several hours or days in private, usually with a legal spouse. The basis for permitting such a visit is to preserve family bonds and increase the chances of success for a prisoner’s eventual return to life outside prison. Prison education program from literacy to general education preparation and vocational education program is

2

also enumerated to be effective in decreasing recidivism among prisoners. In a study conducted by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons, they found that the more educational programs successfully completed for each six months confined, the lower the recidivism rate. Dogs in jails are also considered to be effective as a means of rehabilitating inmates. In Japan, inmates participating in the program will help in training guide dogs for the blind, by raising the puppies with classes on dog-walking and obedience training. Similar programs are currently operating all over the United States, and these types of programs have been proven to reduce violence among inmates and foster a sense of responsibility. Another program enumerated is ‘faith-based’ prison programs. Many officials have turned to religious programs that seek to change inmates’ internal motivations as well as external behaviors. The Bush administration has strongly supported such programs, as a key focus of its faith-based and community initiative, in an effort to encourage religious charities and other nonprofit organizations to provide social services particularly to inmates.

3

Boot camp for minors is also considered as an alternative to juvenile prisons. The idea of boot camps as a wholesome, effective alternative to prison was immediately accepted by the public as well as state legislatures since the millions of dollars allotted to prison spending will be saved by the boot camps. Some camps even offered job training and high school classes along with substance abuse treatment. Another enumerated program is the ‘Victim Offender Mediation’ or VOM (also called victim-offender dialogue, victim-offender conferencing, victim-offender reconciliation, or restorative justice dialogue). In this program, there is a face-to-face meeting, in the presence of a trained mediator, between the victim of a crime and the person who committed that crime. The victim gets to explain how they feel and felt, and what needs were not met as the result of the action of the offender. The offender is to repeat what he or she hears (i.e. feelings and needs) and continues to listen and repeat what the victim says she or he feels and needs. Usually this requires substantial support from the trained mediator to gain clarity about the feelings and needs and to request the offender to say these words back to the victim.

4

The last program enumerated by Harer is for children born in prison to stay with their mothers until they were six rather than to be turned over to relatives or foster parents. The children are allowed to leave on weekends and holidays to visit relatives (http:listverse.com/2008/08/14/top-modern-prisonprograms/) In line with the mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) which is safekeeping and development of the inmates, some of the programs mentioned above are implemented in the Baguio City Jail Female Dormitory, for the reformation and rehabilitation of inmates that will facilitate their successful reintegration in the society. Guided by these ten Modern Prison Programs enumerated by Harer, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology continuously introduces programs to boost the inmates’ self-esteem and bring back their lost confidence. Hence, The Bureau introduced and adopted the Inmates Welfare Development Program (IWDP) which aims to foster behavioral and attitudinal change among the inmates.

5

The concept of Inmates Welfare and Development came up when there is clamor for a change in the word ‘rehabilitation’ as part of two-fold mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. On January 22, 2010, the Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development (DIWD) was created through a memorandum signed by Secretary of Interior and Local Government Ronaldo Puno. The creation of the DIWD aims to emphasize the relevance of the role of DIWD workers in the delivery of services relation to mandate the Bureau in rebuilding inmates self- esteem, developing their individual as well as social responsibility and improving their living conditions while in custody. At present the DIWD formulates/implements, monitors and evaluates all programs that address the physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual, vocational and educational needs of inmates (The Directorate For Inmates Welfare and Development Manual). In the implementation of the said program, the institution has health officers such as nurses to address a more personal health service to inmates. Medicines for common illness are also made available to inmates. Immediate transfer to the appropriate medical institution

6

is undertaken for special cases that requires specialized treatment. Likewise, continuous training for livelihood programs are conducted within the jail premises. In partnership with the government agencies such as TESDA, DTI and the local government, trainers are invited to impart the needed skills and knowledge in paper craft, baking, pastry production, food processing and industrial sewing to mention a few. Literacy programs are also offered to inmates to pursue further educational growth. The institution has produced several graduates in the DepEd’s Alternative Learning System (ALS) making them proud as instruments for the inmates’ academic achievement when they receive their Secondary Equivalent Diploma. According to the BJMP personnel, this is truly an achievement both for the inmates and personnel. In addition, recreational and sports activities are also permitted within the institution to promote healthy physique and physical wellness.

On scheduled time,

inmates are allowed to play volleyball, badminton, and other sports activities at the Baguio City JailQuadrangle. Service providers are also invited for

7

inmates to exercise their freedom of religion by strengthening their faith in a supreme being giving them more their strength to survive in the situation they are in. In pursuit of studying these programs, various issues and concerns are encountered both by the personnel and the inmates. The issue on security posts is the most serious concern because there is a low ratio of personnel to inmates and inmates are given mobility in undertaking these activities. Likewise, the need to contain and maintain the inmates becomes a challenge while personal differences among inmates could also hinder the success of these programs. On the one hand, some inmates are overly enthusiastic to take part in these activities that they tend to dominate others creating tension and miscommunication resulting to heated arguments and sometimes physical assaults. On the other hand, the passive inmates tend to shrug off the program and choose not to take part in it. Budgetary requirement may also create hindrance in the implementation of these programs. Limited funding can

8

cause the operation of the program to prematurely cease even before its completion. The BJMP’s aim for humane safekeeping and development of inmates prompted the researcher to assess the Inmates Welfare and Development Program of Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. The need to conduct this evaluation is to determine the impact of these programs to both the personnel and the inmates. Statement of the Problem The study was conducted to evaluate the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1.

What is the level of implementation of the IWDP in

Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm? 1.1. Is there a difference between the

perceptions

of Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates in the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD? 2.

What is the level of satisfaction of the

implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail- Female dorm?

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2.1. Is there a significant difference of the perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD? 3. What is the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD? 1.

Hypotheses of the Study There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates on the level of implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program in Baguio City JailFemale Dorm. 2. There is a significant difference of the perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD.

Importance of the Study This study will benefit the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in the assessment/evaluation on the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. The feedback will help the BJMP 10

personnel make the necessary adjustments to the program in order for the program to be more beneficial to the inmates. To the BJMP Officers, the findings of the study will provide insights to guide them formulate/implement, monitor and evaluate the programs that address the physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual, vocational and educational needs of inmates. To the researcher, the study will provide insights for the improvement of her work performance as jail officer. To other researchers, the study will serve as reference to students in their future study and fellow BJMP personnel in their pursuit for professional advancement. To the community, their acceptance to the people who came from jail/penal institutions will be a great help for them to live normally upon return in the society. Finally, the result of the study will help maximize the efficiency and effectiveness with which the jail services are delivered and to improve/strengthen the linkages and partnership to the community, service providers, visitors, clients/inmates in the success of

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safekeeping and development in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study focused on the evaluation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory, since the aim is to restore the moral, emotional and psychomotor aspect of a person, regardless of their age, educational attainment and civil status. The respondents were delimited to twenty (20) female dorm personnel and fifty (50) female dorm inmates to be chosen randomly. Specifically, it determined the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD; the level of satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD and the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework The inmate population consists of people awaiting trial for violating federal laws or those who have already been convicted of committing a federal crime.

In

pursuant to Pub. L. No. 71-218, 46 Stat. 325 (1930), the Bureau of Prisons was established within the Department 12

of Justice and in charge with the "management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional institutions." The Bureau of Corrections (Filipino: Kawanihan ng mga Bilangguan, literally "Bureau of Prisons", which was the old name of the agency from 1905 to 1989; abbreviated BuCor) is an agency of the Department of Justice which is in charge with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, who have been sentenced to three years of imprisonment or more. The agency has its headquarters in the New Bilibid Prison Reservation in Muntinlupa City. The reformation programs implemented by the Bureau of Corrections are:

1) Work and Livelihood where the

bureau offers a variety of inmates work programs, from agricultural to industrial.

The purpose of the inmates

work programs is to keep the inmate busy, and to provide them money for their personal expenses and their families as well. The program will also help them acquire livelihood skills in order that they may become productive citizens once they are released and assimilated back into the mainstream society; 2) health care-Medical program is responsible for recording and properly documenting the medical history of an inmate by

13

the medical specialist. Medical information and mental status examination are given to ascertain the inmates’ overall physical /mental fitness. This forms part of diagnostic process which will eventually determine the most appropriate rehabilitation program for inmates;

3)

education and skills training is considered as one rehabilitation activities that are facilitated by the BJMP personnel to improve the inmate’s academic and job skills. Vocational program are incorporated into job assignments and serve as on-the –job training.

The goal

is to provide inmate with skills that will improve their eligibility for jobs upon release; 4) sports and recreation are included which consist of various indoor and outdoor sports, activities, programs, tournaments and leagues. These recreational activities are basketball, volleyball, billiards, table tennis and chess. These sports competition promotes camaraderie among inmates that would lead to good sportsmanship and teambuilding; 5) Therapeutic Community Program(TC)-represents an effective structured environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The goal is to foster personal growth.

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By accomplishing in the reshaping of an individual’s behavior and attitude through the above identified programs, the inmates have the motivation working together to help themselves and each other for their reintegration into their families and friends and to be productive members of the community (http://www.bucor.gov.ph/about.htm/). For the present status of The Correctional System in the Philippines, it is composed of six agencies under three distinct and separate departments of the national government namely: 1) the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) which covers the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) which runs the city, municipal, and district jails; and the provincial jails through their respective provincial governments; 2) The department of Social Welfare and Development which covers the Juvenile and Justice Welfare Council which oversees the rehabilitation of young offenders and the 3)Department of Justice which covers the Bureau of Corrections, Parole and Probation Administration and the Board of Pardons and Parole.

Offenders convicted by the

courts to serve sentences of three years or more are kept at the prison facilities of the Bureau of Corrections.

15

They are classified as national prisoners. Those meted with lighter sentences, as well as those with pending cases before the regional trial courts, are confined in provincial jails under the local government; while those awaiting trial in municipal trial courts or serving light penalties (e.g., infraction of city or municipal ordinances) are detained in city, municipal or district jails under the bureau of jail management and penology. Juvenile delinquents are normally sent to youth rehabilitation centers under the juvenile justice and welfare council pursuant to R.A. 9344 unless the sentencing judge specifically orders for them to be confined at the national penitentiary, as in cases where the juvenile convict acted with discernment or the offense committed was grave. The Bureau of Corrections is mandated by law to accomplish its twin objectives - the effective rehabilitation and safekeeping of National Prisoners. The functions of BuCor are: 1) Safe keep prisoners convicted by courts three (3) years and one (1) day and above to serve sentence in prison, 2) keep prisoners from committing crimes while in BuCor's custody, provide inmates basic needs as human being,

16

3) 4)

ensure rehabilitation programs are made available to the inmates for their physical, intellectual and spiritual development, and 5) develop livelihood programs to assist inmates earn a living and develop their skills while in prison. The Bureau of Corrections currently have seven operating units located nationwide: The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City; The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City / and the The CIW Mindanao, Panabo, Davao; Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan; Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro; San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City; Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte and Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davaon. (//http:enwikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Corrections_Philip pines). Republic Act No. 6975, otherwise known as the “Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,” provided for the establishment of the Philippine National Police (PNP), the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM), the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC).

17

It was enacted

into law on December 13, 1990 and ended the existence of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police to give way to the creation of the Philippine National Police, which is administered and controlled by the National Police. As stipulated in the Act, it gives a provision that the department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) shall consist of the Department Proper, the existing bureaus and offices of the Department of Local Government, the National Police Commission, the Philippine Public safety College, and the following bureaus: the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. On January 2, 1991 the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created, thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau under the Department of Interior and Local Government. The Jail Bureau is the upgraded version of its forerunner, the Office of Jail Management and Penology of the defunct PC/INP last headed by BRIG GEN Arsenio E. Concepcion. As mandated by law, the BJMP shall operate under the reorganized Department of the Interior and Local

18

Government. Starting from scratch with 500 personnel in 1991 the BJMP weaned from its mother PC/INP as a mere component, to become a full-fledge bureau.

Director

Charles S. Mondejar took his oath of office on July 1 of 1991 as the first Chief of the Bureau. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology supervises and controls all district, city and municipal jail.

Its client are detainees accused before a court

who are temporarily confined in such jails while undergoing investigation, waiting final judgment and those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court three years and below. Under the provision of Republic Act No. 6975, the Bureau of Jail Management Penology is mandated to take operational and administrative control over all city, district and municipal jails which number at 1132.

Of

this number, only 415 comprising four female centers, one youth center, 167 district jails, 104 city jails and 138 municipal jails are fully manned by the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, leaving 573

jails still being

manned by the Philippine National Police. At present there are 6976 uniformed and nonuniformed BJMP personnel.

In terms of jail population,

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however, 72,934 inmates are housed in BJMP- manned jails, while there are 1,529 inmate with the PNP-manned jails(BJMP Official Website http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/) . Since the birth of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in 1991, it has been in constant study on how it can help the inmates not only in providing the skills, and even the education they need so that when they are finally reintegrated into the mainstream of the society, they become productive law abiding citizen.

With

the evolution of the rehabilitation unit as a bigger and wider unit, the BJMP personnel implements the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) with the concept, “A set of physical, psychological, intellectual, vocational and spiritual activities or interventions that facilitates inmates’ wellbeing and enhancement in accordance with the accepted social norms and ethical standards”. This program consolidates with the BJMP’s aim for the humane safekeeping and development of inmates. An Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) is a set of physical, psychosocial, intellectual, vocational, and spiritual activities or interventions that facilitate inmate’s wellbeing and enhancement in accordance with the accepted social norms and ethical

20

standards. The services and activities offered by the IWDP are “provisions for basic needs” such as food, clothing, hygiene supplies, and others; “health services” such as maintenance of physical and mental wellbeing; “livelihood services” such as development of work values, individual worth and dignity, emotional catharsis and enhancement of individual creativity; “educational Services” such as literacy development; “sports and recreation services” such as physical fitness, opportunity for socialization, enhancement of creativity and uniqueness, toning down or minimizing stress; “visitation services” such as promoting moral and social supports to the inmates; “paralegal services” such as speedy disposition of cases and; “religious services” such as upliftment of moral and spiritual values (BJMP Manual Revised 2007). Figure 1 shows the framework of the nine service areas that composed the Inmates Welfare Development Program(IWPD). To further enhance the program, the IWPD strengthens the paralegal services through restorative justice that focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders, as well as the involved community, instead of focusing on

21

satisfying abstract legal principles or punishing offenders (such as imprisoning them). In this program, victims take an active role in the process, while offenders are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions,” to repair the harm they've done—by apologizing, returning stolen money, or community service”(http// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison). Furthermore, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology uses the restorative justice for inmates to restore harm they've done—by apologizing, returning stolen money, or community service".

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After Care Community and Family Reintegration

Figure 1. IWDP Conceptual Framework

Through the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs, the BJMP personnel looks into the potential of an inmate and uses this latent potential into practical use. Through this program, inmates/prisoners realize the skills that they never knew they possess, giving them a feeling of worthinesssomething most of inmates/prisoners haven’t felt during their time outside jail (http:www.pia.gov.ph). With the identified services covered by the program, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is mandated to direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city and municipal jails nationwide with pronged tasks of

23

safekeeping and development of inmates. The four major programs and mandate of the BJMP are inmates’ custody, security and control program, inmates welfare and development program, decongestion program and good governance. These programs are intended to eliminate the inmate’s criminal behavior, reform them to become law abiding and productive citizens and to prepare them for their eventual return to their families and absorbed into the mainstream of society. The study focuses on the assessment of the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) to female inmate in Baguio City Jail Female dorm. Figure 2 presents the paradigm of the study. The independent variables consist of respondents’ perceptions on the implementation of IWDP, their satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP and the problems they encounter in the implementation of IWDP. The dependent variables are the level of implementation of IWDP, the level of satisfaction in the implementation of IWDP and the degree of seriousness of the identified problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP. The

24

intervening variables are the BJMP personnel and the female inmates.

25

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

DEPENDENT VARIABLES

1. IWDP Implementation in Baguio City Jail-FD.

1. Level of implementation of IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD. 2. Level of satisfaction on the implementation of IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD. 3. Degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of IDWP in Baguio City jail-FD.

2. IWDP satisfaction in Baguio City Jail-FD. 3. Problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP in Baguio City JailFD.

INTERVENING VARIABLES Group: a) Inmates b) Personnel

Figure 2. Paradigm of the Study 26

Definition of Terms The following terms are defined according to how they were used in this study: After Care. It refers to the care, treatment or help given to persons discharged from an institution such as jail, prison or hospital. Alternative Learning system. It is a ladderized, modular, non-formal education program for drop outs in the elementary and secondary levels. Bureau of Corrections. It is an agency of the Department of Justice which is charged with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, who have been sentenced to three years of imprisonment or more. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). It is a government agency mandated to take control of all district, city and municipal jails in the Philippines. Detainee. It refers to a person who is accused before a court or competent authority and is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing or awaiting investigation, trial or final judgment. Development. It is the gradual process of advancement or growth through the use of series of interrelated activities such as exercise, trainings or

27

group dynamics for the purpose of refining or transforming a person into a useful and productive individual. Inmate. It is a generic term used to refer to a detainee or prisoner, deprived of liberty against his will by confinement, captivity or by forcible restraint. Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP). It is a directorate of the Bureau of jail management and Penology that is in-charged for inmate’s welfare program. Interfaith. It refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious tradition. Mandate. This is a written authorization or command by a person, group or organization to another to take a course of action. Rehabilitation. It is a program of activity directed to restore inmates self-respect. Reintegration. This is the process of transitioning form a state in which an individual was not a functioning member of society into a state where the individual controls and directs their own lives.

28

Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP.

It is

a self-help social learning modality that help drug user recover from drug addiction and utilizes group dynamics to shape an individual’s behavior towards productive directions.

29

CHAPTER 2 Design and Methodology This chapter presents the research design, methodology, locale and population of the study, data gathering tools and the statistical treatment of data. Research Design The study made use of descriptive survey design. It described and interpreted the conditions of the study and it accorded the researcher a chance to interact directly with the study subjects.

The researcher also

went beyond gathering and tabulation of data by incorporating comparison, contrast and evaluation, thus presented a clearer and adept research tool. Survey was used to gather responses from personnel and inmates on the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program at Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory.

Population and Locale of the Study The proposed study was conducted at Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. There were seventy (70) respondents, twenty (20) from the BCJ-FD personnel and fifty (50) from the BCJ-FD inmates. Table 1. Population of the study Baguio City

Number of

Number of 30

Percentage

Jail-FD Personnel Inmates Total

personnel/inmates 24 75 99

Respondents 20 50 70

(%) 29 71 100

Data Gathering Tool The questionnaire-checklist was used as the main data gathering instrument that was given to the respondents. The questionnaire-checklist was based on the variables of the study; Part I was on the level of Implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm; Part II was on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm and Part III was on the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. Data obtained from the questionnaire-checklist was supported by informal interview to the respondent female dorm personnel and inmates.

The reliability and validity of the

questionnaire-checklist was tested in Baguio City JailMale Dorm. Data Gathering Procedures The researcher asked the approval of the Female Dorm Warden of the researcher’s intention the need to 31

administer survey questionnaire-checklist to the female dorm personnel and inmates. The researcher personally met with the respondents to address possible questions /clarifications that may arise.

Hence, the researcher

was the one who gave and retrieved the said questionnaire-checklist; results was tabulated and treated statistically. The data gathered through the questionnairechecklist was used and supported by informal interview of both personnel and the female inmates. It was a one-onone and a group interview to the respondent. Treatment of Data To answer the questions in the IWDP implementation at Baguio City Jail-FD,

all data collected was

statistically treated by using the 4 point scale to quantify the respondents. On the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used: Numerical Statistical Value Limits 4

3.25 - 4.00

3

2.50 - 3.24

2

1.75 - 2.49

1

1.00 -1.74

Descriptive Equivalent Very Much Implemented Much Implemented Less Implemented Not Implemented 32

Symbols

VMI MI LI NI

Meaning and Interpretation 75-100% Implemented 50-74% Implemented 25-49% Implemented 0-24% Implemented

On the level of satisfaction on the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used: Numerical Statistical Value Limits

Descriptive Equivalent

Symbols

Very Much Satisfied

4

3.25 - 4.00

3

2.50 - 3.24 Much Satisfied

MS

2

1.75 - 2.49 Less Satisfied

LS

1

1.00 -1.74

NS

On

the

level

75-100% Satisfied 50-74% Satisfied 25-49% Satisfied 0-24% Satisfied

VMS

Not Satisfied of

Meaning and Interpretati on

seriousness

of

the

problems

encountered in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used: Numerical Statistical Value Limits

Descriptive Equivalent Very Much Serious

4

3.25 - 4.00

3

2.50 - 3.24

2

1.75 - 2.49

Much Serious Less Serious

1

1.00 -1.74

Not Serious

33

Symbols

VMS

MS LS NS

Meaning and Interpretation 75-100% Serious

50-74% Serious 25-49% Serious 0-24% Serious

The weighted mean and the average weighted mean was used to treat the descriptive data and the t-test was used to treat the null hypothesis of the study. WM=TWV/N Where: WM=Weighted Mean TWV= Total Weighted Mean N = Number of Cases T-Test was used to support the Hypothesis of this study, the formula is:

__

Where x1

=

mean of sample 1

__

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

variance of sample 1 =

S22=

variance of sample 2 =

_ ∑(x1 – x1)2 n1 _ ∑(x2 – x2)2 n2

CHAPTER 3 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

34

This chapter presents the result on the survey of welfare and development programs to female inmates in the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.

It includes discussions on

the areas of the level of implementation, level of satisfaction, and degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm. Level of Implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs at Baguio City Jail – Female Dorm This section presents the level of implementation of the Inmates’ Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) at the Baguio City Female Dorm as perceived by the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm personnel and Baguio City Jail Female inmates. The program has nine areas to consider namely a) provisions of basic needs, b) health services, c) livelihood services, d) educational services, e) sports and recreation services, services, f) visitation services, services, h) religious services and

f) visitation g) paralegal i) therapeutic

modality program. Table 2. Level of Implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorman DE Area A. Provision of Basic Needs 1. Adequate food with nutritional value and good for

Mean

DE

Much

35

Rank

health and strength. 2. Accommodation/cells are available and suitable to associate with one another. 3. Provided with clothing which is suitable and in no manner be degrading or humiliating. 4. Water and hygiene supplies are provided for.

2.39

Implemented

2.31

Less Implemented

2.19 2.56

5. Keep themselves clean. 6. Provided with bed and wash room in good order and ensure cleanliness.

2.94

Area Mean

2.51

2.69

B. Health Services 1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm has health officers such as physician, nurse and dentist. 2. The jail is maintaining a medical clinic where sick inmates are examined, temporarily confined and given free medicines. 3. The health service unit is well organized to attain to the medical and dental need of inmates. 4. Sick inmates requiring specialized treatment are transferred to hospital or specialized institution. 5. Coordination to the Medical/Dental society or NonGovernment Organizations for the conduct of medical and dental mission to the inmates.

C.

Much Implemented

2.20

Less Implemented

2.30

Less Implemented

2.71

Much Implemented

2.49

Livelihood Services

36

Much Implemented Much Implemented

2.51

2.73

Area Mean

Less Implemented Much Implemented Much Implemented

Much Implemented Less Implemented

8

9

1. Afford livelihood activities with compensation for inmate’s labors (e.g. paper craft, crocheting, cross stitch, barber shop, tailoring, to augment his/her other basic needs. 2. Inmates can choose livelihood activities according to their vocational background or training under continuation – Table 2 the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 3. Inmates are allowed to spend their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families. 4. All livelihood activities of the inmates are being enforced and monitored by BJMP personnel. 5. Training is conducted to enhance the skills of the inmates as a means of livelihood and in preparation for their release.

Much Implemented

2.96

Much Implemented

3.06

Much Implemented

2.70

Much Implemented

2.93

Much Implemented Much Implemented

2.91

Much Implemented

2.91

Much Implemented

2.76

Much Implemented

2.87

Much Implemented

2.93

Area Mean D.

3.00

Educational Services

1. Provide literacy classes to inmates (e.g. Alternative Learning System, tutorial, reading, writing) 2. Provide vocational training to inmates (e.g. tailoring, dressmaking, cosmetology, baking, barbering. 3. Educational or learning materials/supplies are being provided to the inmate learners. 4. Qualified Teachers and tutors are being provided by the DepEd and TESDA

continuation – Table 2

37

3

5. Inmates may choose among the literacy and vocational training conducted which are useful to them and may apply upon release.

2.81

Area Mean

2.85

Much Implemented Much Implemented

2.79

Much Implemented

2.81

Much Implemented

3.03

Much Implemented

2.64

Much Implemented

E. Sports and Recreation Services 1. Equipment and facilities for sports and recreational activities are provided to inmates (e.g. badminton, table tennis, scrabble, volleyball, chess, darts) 2. Recreational and cultural activities are observed to benefit the mental, physical health and well being of the inmates 3. Wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations (i.e.) watching TV, Christmas party, concert, presentations, and socialization programs with their families) 4. Inmates are allowed at least one hour of suitable exercise in open air daily if the weather permits 5. Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreation activities Area mean F.

2.86

Much Implemented Much Implemented

3.01

Much Implemented

2.84

Much Implemented

2.93

Much Implemented

3.03

Visitation Services

1. Visitation promotes moral and social supports to the inmates. 2. Special attention for the maintenance and improvement of relationship between the inmates and his family. 3. Visiting area is provided for the inmate to entertain their visitors. Continuation- Table 2

38

5

4

4. Inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family (spouse, fiancée, parent or child, brother or sister, grand parent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward). 5. Special conjugal visits by the wife/husband of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP. Area Mean G.

3.06

Much Implemented

1.63

Less Implemented

2.69

Much Implemented

2.77

Much Implemented

2.76

Much Implemented

2.73

Much Implemented

2.71

Much Implemented

7

Paralegal Services

1. To inform the inmates of their rights (including rights to a counsel and suffrage) and laws applicable to them (i.e. modes of early release under existing laws). 2. Coordinates to the public Attorney’s office (PAO), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and volunteer lawyers for free legal assistance to inmates. Continuation – Table 2 3. Giving assistance to convicted inmates in applying for probation, good conduct time allowance (GCTA), pardon and parole. 4. Paralegal Officers are designated to monitor the case status of inmates in courts. 5. Assist in looking for the best possible surety who can provide the bail bond most affordable to the inmates Area Mean

2.71

Much Implemented Much Implemented

H. Religious Services 1. Respect of religion among the inmates is being observed and allowed to satisfy the needs of his/her religious life.

3.10

Much Implemented

2.60

Continuation- Table 2

39

6

2. A qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services to the inmates. 3. Maintain a secured and safe place designated for worship among inmates. 4. Religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship 5. Regular religious or interfaith activities are allowed to the inmates in accordance to BJMP rules and regulations.

3.23

Much Implemented

3.17

Much Implemented

3.74

Very Much Implemented

3.28

Much Implemented Very Much Implemented

3.19

Much Implemented

3.40

Very Much Implemented

3.29

Very Much Implemented

3.26

Very Much Implemented

3.16

Area Mean I. Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) 1. Therapeutic community modality is an interaction that helps inmates gets help while helping other inmates 2. All inmates are required to participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. 3. The interactions among the inmates are designed to be therapeutic, as the inmates continuation – Table 2 will play the dual rule of client-therapist. 4. The conduct of therapeutic community modality of the inmates is under the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 5. Orientation seminars are being conducted to the newly committed inmates before they can participate in the therapeutic community modality.

3.16

Area Mean

3.26

Much Implemented Very Much Implemented

As shown in the above table, it revealed that “religious services” had the highest mean of 3.28 40

1

2

interpreted as “much implemented”. It implies that both the personnel and the inmates regarded religion as a means of strengthening spiritual faith as well as moral consciousness. The result is also ascribed to the fact that the personnel recognized and monitor that the inmates’ religion or denominations are well represented where various service-providers are scheduled for all religious denominations in the jail. Specifically, the indicator “religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship” garnered the highest mean of 3.74 interpreted as “very much implemented”. According to the personnel, religious materials are generally open and allowed in the jail premises for a more meaningful worship and prayer for the inmates. Religious services target antisocial values, emphasize accountability and responsibility, changes cognitive approaches to conflict, and provides social support and social skills through interaction with religious people and communities (Bergin, 1991; Martin Carlson, 1988). The service included both the teachings and opportunities to practice biblically based moral behavior necessary for development.

41

Ranked two is on Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) (3.26) interpreted as “very much implemented”. The result indicated that the program is effective in fostering personal growth through structured environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The indicator along the TCMP that earned the highest rank of 3.40 interpreted as “very much implemented” is “all inmates are required to participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality”. The result showed that the inmates are aware of the positive effect of the TCMP in their lives, thus they are encouraged to participate in all activities encompassing the program such as the TC morning meeting, recreational and cultural activities such as the Saturday Night Activity (SNA) and other activities to develop their well-being while on detention. The implementation of this program should be maintained at the same time it should be constantly re-oriented to both new and old inmates. Since TCMP is a self-help social learning model, the effectiveness may vary depending on the behavior of the inmate and how she accepts what this program has to offer.

42

Third in rank was on livelihood services (2.93) interpreted as “much implemented”. The result ascribed that both the personnel and the female inmates are convinced that there is a continuous training for livelihood programs conducted within the jail premises. This is manifested in the constant invitation of trainers from TESDA, DTI and the local government units to impart the needed skills and knowledge in paper craft, baking, pastry production, food processing and industrial sewing to mention a few. Furthermore, the indicator “inmates are allowed to spend their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families” had the highest mean of 3.06 interpreted as “much implemented”.

This is due to the fact that inmates are

given the chance to engage in income-generating activities whereby their earnings are at their own disposal. Along the area of Sports and Recreation Services, the respondents rated it as “much implemented” (2.81) placing it on the fourth rank. It showed that recreational and sports activities are permitted within the institution to promote healthy physique and physical

43

wellness.

On scheduled time, inmates are allowed to play

volleyball, badminton, and other sports activities at the Baguio City Jail-Quadrangle. The highest indicator under this area with the mean of 2.86 interpreted as much implemented is “wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations and Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreations activities”. Inmates are allowed to have indoor games like scrabble and chess as well as outdoor sports like volleyball and badminton on scheduled intervals and subject to close supervision of personnel. Likewise, cultural presentations during Earth Day, Women’s Month and the like are encouraged to showcase the inmates’ talents. Ranked five is in the area on educational services where the respondents regarded it as “much implemented” (2.85).

This is credited to the continuous support and

corroboration of the Bureau with the city government of Baguio in cooperation with the Department of Education particularly the Bureau of Alternative Learning System

44

(BALS) through the conduct of non-formal education to the inmates. In the educational services area, the indicator obtaining the highest mean is “provide literacy classes to inmates and provide vocational training to inmates”. This is attributed to opportunities of educational advancement offered to inmates as well as skills enhancement trainings such as food processing. In the area of Paralegal Services, the respondents regarded it as “much implemented” (2.71) obtaining the sixth rank. The indicator “to inform the inmates of their rights and laws applicable to them” got the highest mean of 2.77 interpreted as Much Implemented. The result indicated that the inmates are constantly informed of their rights and legal options through

one-on-one

conversation with the paralegal officer.

Jail

management is equipped with very able paralegal officers to assist the inmates on their legal options and extend legal advices on their pending cases.

The management

also allows consulting time with the inmates’ private and public lawyers to update the inmates on the status of their cases.

45

The areas obtaining the lowest means are visitation services, provision for basic needs, and health services with means of 2.69, 2.51 and 2.49 respectively. Although these areas have the lowest means, both visitation services and provision for basic needs are interpreted as “much implemented”. For Visitation Services, the indicator “inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family” obtained the highest mean of 3.06 interpreted as “much implemented”.

The management believes that the best

support system of the inmate is her family, thus, regular visitation privileges are permitted every Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday from 12:30 – 3:00 pm.

Moreover, visitation is a privilege

given to inmates, thus, infractions on jail rules and regulations may result in the curtailment of this privilege. However, special conjugal visit of a husband to his detained wife is not permitted to prevent unexpected pregnancies of female inmates. Along the area on provision for basic needs to female inmates, the result implies that the confines of the cell where inmates spend most of their time are

46

guaranteed clean and in order to provide a more comfortable environment for every inmate. Specifically the indicator “Keep themselves clean” has the highest mean of 2.94 interpreted as “very much implemented”.

The data reflected that the female inmates

are particular with their hygiene and they regularly observe cleanliness both with themselves and their environment. Meanwhile, the indicator “provided with clothing which is suitable and in no manner be degrading or humiliating” has the lowest mean of 2.19 interpreted as “less implemented”. This showed that due to the Bureau’s limited financial resources, clothing provided to inmates is insufficient. Moreover, there is a prescribed uniform intended for the inmates to use. However, on the area of health services, the respondents professed it to be “less implemented”. The result is attributed to the shortage of health personnel assigned to monitor the inmates’ health conditions. Nevertheless the indicator “coordination to the medical/dental society or Non-Government Organizations for the conduct of medical and dental mission to the inmates” is perceived by the respondents as “much

47

implemented” (2.73) which ranked the highest in this area.

This is attributed to the fact that linkages to

NGOs and civic organizations are well- coordinated, thereby, augmenting medical and dental assistance to inmates. In general, the Baguio City Jail personnel and the female inmates professed that the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) is much implemented as manifested in their effort to continue developing inmates and improving their living conditions while in custody. At present the DIWD formulates/implements, monitors and evaluates all programs that address the physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual, vocational and educational needs of inmates

(The Directorate

For Inmates Welfare and Development Manual).

Difference in the Perceptions of the Personnel and Inmates on the Level of Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm Table 2.1 shows the difference in the perceptions of the respondents on the level of implementation of IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm. 48

As manifested in the Table, the female dorm personnel perceived the over-all level implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as “much implemented” with the average weighted mean of 3.20.

On

the one hand, the female inmates gave the level a lower average weighted mean of 2.66 but still within the descriptive equivalence of “much implemented”. The difference in their perceptions is attributed to the fact that the personnel, being the implementers, are convinced that they implement these programs with utmost diligence and consistency while the inmates, being their clients perceive that there are some flaws in the implementation of the program.. Statistically, the computed t-test value of 2.60 is greater than the critical value of 2.120 at 0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a

difference between the perceptions of the two groups in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Table 2.1 Summary of perceptions of the Personnel and the Inmates on the Level of Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Area

Personnel

Inmate

Provision for Basic Needs Health Services Livelihood Services Educational Services Sports and Recreation Services Visitation Services

2.87 2.85 3.18 3.17 3.35 3.17

2.37 2.35 2.74 2.50 2.66 2.50

49

Weighted Mean 2.51 2.49 2.93 2.85 2.86 2.69

7. Paralegal Services 8. Religious Services 9. Therapeutic Community Modality Program Average Weighted Mean F.05= 2.120

3.23 3.51

2.50 3.19

2.71 3.28

3.47

3.17

3.26

3.20 t.value = 2.60

2.66 2.81 *significant

Development Program in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm is accepted. The findings implied that the perceptions of the respondents vary with regard to the implementation of the Inmates Welfare Development Program (IWDP). The findings of this study consolidated the observation of Gaes (2008) in relation to the program’s various issues and concerns encountered both by the personnel and the inmates. Gaes noted that the difference in the perceptions in the implementation of the program is attributed to the issue on security posts where there is a low ratio of personnel to inmates and inmates are given restricted mobility in undertaking the program’s activities.

Similarly, the personnel mentioned that the

need to contain and maintain the inmates is an everyday challenge to them. Personal differences among inmates could also hinder the success of these programs as claimed by the personnel. Some inmates are overly enthusiastic to take part in these activities that they tend to dominate

50

others creating tension and miscommunication resulting to heated arguments and sometimes physical assaults. While the passive inmates tend to shrug off the program and choose to take part in it. Budgetary requirement may also create hindrance on these programs. Limited funding can also cause the implementation of the program to prematurely cease even before its completion. Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm Table 3 presents the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the jail personnel and the female inmates. As gleaned in the table, the area on Therapeutic Community Modality Program (3.09) ranked the highest in the level of satisfaction.

The result showed that both

Table 3. Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm Area

Mean

DE

A. Basic Needs 1.

Food services are adequate.

2.47

2. Adequate accommodations and cells.

2.51

3. 4.

2.34

Adequate clothing supplies Sufficient water and hygiene

51

Less Satisfied Much Satisfied Less Satisfied Much

Rank

supplies. 5. Provided with bed and wash room in good order and ensure cleanliness

2.54 2.70

Satisfied Much Satisfied

Area Mean B. Health Services

2.51

Much Satisfied

2.54

Much Satisfied

2.33

Less Satisfied

2.44

Less Satisfied

2.69

Much Satisfied

9

1.

Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm is provided with health officers such as physician, nurse and continuation – Table 3 dentist who can attain to the health needs of inmates. 2. The jail has a medical clinic where sick inmates are examined, temporarily confined and given free medicines. 3. The health service unit is well organized to attain to the medical and dental needs of inmates. 4. Sick inmates requiring specialized treatment are transferred to hospital or specialized institution. 5. Coordination to the Medical/dental society or NonGovernment Organizations for medical and dental mission to the inmates. Area Mean C. Livelihood Services

2.73 2.55

1. Inmates are compensated on their livelihood activities (e.g. combining paper craft, crocheting, cross stitch barber shop, tailoring, to augment his/her other basic needs 2. Inmates can choose livelihood services according to their vocational background or training under the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 3. Inmates are spending their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families. 4. All livelihood services of the inmates are being enforced and monitored by BJMP personnel. 5. Trainings are being conducted to enhance the skills of the

52

Much Satisfied Much Satisfied

2.94

Much Satisfied

2.96

Much Satisfied

3.01

Much Satisfied

2.80

Much Satisfied

8

inmates as a means of livelihood and in preparation for their release.

2.90

Area Mean D. Educational Services

2.92

1. Provide literacy classes to inmates (e.g. Alternative Learning System, tutorial, reading, writing) 2. Educational vocational training to inmates (e.g. tailoring, dressmaking, cosmetology, baking, practical electricity, electronics, barbering) 3. Educational or learning materials/supplies are being provided to the inmate learning’s. 4. Teachers and tutors are qualified being provided by the DepEd and TESDA 5. Inmates can choose among the literacy and vocational training conducted which are useful to them and may apply upon release. Area Mean E. Sports and Recreation Services 1. Equipment and facilities for sports and recreational activities are provided to inmates (e.g. badminton, table tennis, scrabble, volleyball, chess, darts) 2. Recreational and cultural activities are observed to benefit the mental, physical health and well being of the inmates. 3. Wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations (i.e. watching TV, Christmas party, concert, presentations, and socialization programs with their families). 4. Inmates are allowed at least one hour of suitable exercise in open air daily if the weather permits. 5. Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreations

53

Much Satisfied Much Satisfied

3.09

Much Satisfied

3.01

Much Satisfied

2.80

Much Satisfied

3.00

Much Satisfied

3.03 2.99

Much Satisfied Much Satisfied

2.84

Much Satisfied

2.83

Much Satisfied

2.89

Much Satisfied

2.57

Much Satisfied Much

4

3

activities.

2.87

Area Mean F. Visitation Services

2.80

Much Satisfied

3.03

Much Satisfied

2.81

Much Satisfied

2.96

Much Satisfied

3.16

Much Satisfied

1. Visitation promotes moral and social supports to the inmates. 2. Special attention for the maintenance and improvement of relationship between the inmates and his family 3. Visiting area is provided for the inmate to entertain their visitors. 4. Inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family (spouse, fiancée, parent or child, brother or sister, grand parent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward). 5. Special conjugal visits by the wife/husband of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP. Area Mean G. Paralegal Services 1. To inform the inmates of their rights (including rights to a counsel and suffrage) and laws applicable to them (i.e. modes of early release under existing laws). 2. Coordinates to the public Attorney’s office (PAO), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and volunteer lawyers for free legal assistance to inmates. 3. Giving assistance to convicted inmates in applying for probation, good conduct time allowance (GCTA), pardon and parole. 4. Paralegal Officers are designated to monitor the case status of inmates in courts. 6. Assist in looking for the best possible surety who can provide the bail bond most affordable to the inmates Area Mean

2.69

Not Satisfied Much Satisfied

2.79

Much Satisfied

2.76

Much Satisfied

2.74

Much Satisfied

2.73

Much Satisfied

1.47

2.56 2.71

54

Satisfied

Much Satisfied Much Satisfied

5

7

6

H. Religious Services 1. Respecting religious belief among the inmates and allowed to satisfy the needs of his/her religious life. 2. A qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services to inmates. 3. Maintaining a secured and safe place designated for worship among inmates. 4. Religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship. 5. Regular religious or interfaith activities are allowed to the inmates in accordance to BJMP rules and regulations.

3.11

Much Satisfied

3.17

Much Satisfied

2.67

Much Satisfied

3.01

Much Satisfied

3.03

Much Satisfied Much Satisfied

3.13

Much Satisfied

3.20

Much Satisfied

3.09

Much Satisfied

3.16 Area Mean

2

I. Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) 1. Therapeutic community modality is an interaction that can help inmates while helping other inmates. 2. All inmates can participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. 3. The interaction among the inmates can be designated to be therapeutic, as the inmates will play the dual role of clienttherapist 4. Newly committed inmates will undergo Orientation seminars before they can participate in the therapeutic community modality. Area Mean

2.93 3.09

Much Satisfied Much Satisfied

1

the personnel and the female inmates perceived to be much satisfied in the implementation of the program.

Along

this area, the indicator that has the highest mean of

55

3.20 is “all inmates can participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality”. This reflected that the program of the Bureau has an utmost effect on the inmates because of its goal in fostering personal growth by reshaping the inmates’ behavior and attitude through their team work in defining boundaries of their actions on what is moral and ethical while in detention. Hence, they will become morally upright and conscious with their actions as well as productive constituents when they are re-integrated into their families, friends and the community. Thus, it can be deduced that whatever this program has to offer, both the personnel and the inmates see its potential to be able to transform the inmate while in detention. The area on religious services ranked second with a mean of 3.03, interpreted “as much satisfied”. reflected that area’s indicator “ a

The data

qualified

representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services to inmates” obtained the highest mean of 3.17 interpreted as “much satisfied”. The result indicated that the freedom of religion is well-granted to the inmates and is closely monitored by the personnel.

According to the respondents

56

the inmates hold on to the fact that there is one Supreme Being they can put their trust most especially in the struggle they are facing at the moment. The area on educational services ranked third with a mean of 2.99, interpreted as “much satisfied”.

As

claimed by the personnel, various literacy and skills enhancement trainings are made available to inmates as revealed in the area’s indicator “provide educational vocational training to inmates” with the highest mean of 3.01 interpreted as “much satisfied”.

The personnel

strive to outsource all possible opportunities for the inmates’ literacy and educational and vocational advancement. On the other hand, the inmates grab this opportunities with utmost willingness to boost their self-esteem and find their lost self-worth. The Bureau consistently offers literacy programs to inmates to pursue further educational growth. As for the Bureau’s record, it has produced several graduates in the DepEd’s Alternative Learning System (ALS) making the personnel and administration proud for the inmates receiving their Secondary Equivalent Diploma. Accordingly, this is truly an achievement both for the inmates and personnel.

57

Ranked four is on the area of livelihood services with a mean of 2.92 with a descriptive equivalence of “much satisfied”. Along this area, the indicator that has the highest mean is “inmates are spending their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families”(3.01). The management, through the monitoring of the personnel permits various income-generating activities so the inmates have the means to sustain their personal expenses and for their family while on detention. Likewise, the institution’s purpose of the inmates’ livelihood program is to keep the inmate busy as well as helping them acquire livelihood skills in order that they may become productive citizens once they are released and assimilated back into the mainstream society. The area on sports and recreation ranked fifth with a mean of 2.80, described as “much satisfied”.

The

indicator that has the highest mean in this area is “wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations (2.89). Based on the result, it reflected that various physical activities are encouraged and participated by both personnel and inmates.

58

This is one

of the rare opportunities that healthy living is promoted and such is appreciated by both parties. Similarly, tournaments on individual and team sports like basketball, volleyball, billiards, table tennis and chess, are participated by the inmates in order to promote camaraderie, sportsmanship and teambuilding among themselves. Ranked six is on the area of paralegal services with a mean of 2.71, still described as “much satisfied” which consolidated with the area’s indicator “to inform the inmates of their rights and laws applicable to them” that has the highest mean of 2.79.

Accordingly, the paralegal

officer is ready to help the inmates in their cases through giving them legal advice and options.

The

personnel also give the inmates time to talk to their lawyers for updates and correspondence which is one of the most imperative actions for their acquittal or dismissal. The area on visitation services ranked seventh with a mean of 2.69, described as “much satisfied” with the highest indicator “inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family”(3.16).

The result indicated

that the management still recognize that the family is

59

the main support of the inmates.

The inmates are much

satisfied with the time given to them to bond with their family and friends. Nevertheless, the indicator “special conjugal visits by the husband/wife of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP” is perceived by both the personnel and the female inmates to be “less satisfied”. Although this is a privilege of the inmates, the personnel does not allow copulation between the husband and the female inmate to avoid unplanned pregnancy inside the institution. Accordingly, inmates who are pregnant are at risk due to their condition and children who are born inside the jail might develop personal crisis or insecurities when they grow up. Ranked eight is on the area of health services obtaining a mean of 2.55, interpreted as “much satisfied”. The result showed that the personnel makes sure that the inmates are physically healthy and provides medicine for common illnesses for free and facilitates immediate transfer to the appropriate medical institution for illnesses that require further medical attention. The area obtaining the last rank is on the provision for basic needs with a mean of 2.51, interpreted as much

60

satisfied.

This area falls on the borderline because

both the personnel and inmates perceive that there is still room for improvement in the delivery of this service. Moreover, due to the constraint budget of the BJMP, food services and clothing supplies are limited. Generally, the result revealed that both the personnel and the female inmates were much satisfied in the implementation of IWDP along the nine areas. The result also indicated that the BJMP consistently monitor and may support the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) which looks into the potential of an inmate and uses this latent potential into practical use. Through this program, inmates/prisoners realize the skills that they never knew they possess and the program gives them a feeling of worthiness-something most of inmates/prisoners haven’t felt during their time outside jail (http:www.pia.gov.ph). The result was further warranted by Nemeño, assistant director for administration of BJMP 7, assuring the public that offenders are properly taken cared of. “We made programs so they will be productive citizens while inside a correctional facility,” he said.

61

The program for the inmates is mandated in Presidential Proclamation No. 551 of then President Fidel V. Ramos, which declares the last of October as NCCW. This program aims to empower prisoners to achieve full rehabilitation by making them self-reliant and the jails sustainable. The program also provides for the legal needs of overstaying inmates or those who have not been scheduled for hearing. Similarly, it also promotes livelihood and entrepreneurship, furthers their educational attainment, and establishes linkages outside to sustain their transformation. Apart from encouraging them to seek religious counseling, the program also promotes fitness and love of arts and culture. “As the saying goes, we should teach them how to fish so they will have fish throughout their lives.” Sagadal said (Davinci S. Maru, 2012). Difference in the Perceptions of the Personnel and Inmates on the Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

62

Table 3.1 shows the difference in the perceptions of the respondents on the level of satisfaction of the implementation of IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm. As exhibited in Table 3.1, the female dorm personnel perceived the over-all level of satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as “very much satisfied” with an average weighted mean of 3.25. On the one hand, the female inmates remark a lower level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP with an average weighted mean of 2.63 interpreted as “much satisfied”. Table 3.1 Summary of Perceptions of the Personnel and Inmates on the Level of Satisfaction of the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm Area 1. Provision for Basic Needs 2. Health Services 3. Livelihood Services 4. Educational Services 5. Sports and Recreation Services 6. Visitation Services 7. Paralegal Services 8. Religious Services 9. Therapeutic Community Modality Program Average Weighted Mean F.05= 2.120

Personnel

Inmate

2.93 3.15 3.37 3.26 3.20 3.25 3.22 3.46

2.35 2.30 2.75 2.88 2.64 2.46 2.51 2.85

Weighted Mean 2.51 2.55 2.92 2.99 2.81 2.69 2.71 3.03

3.41

2.96

3.09

3.25 t.value = 2.28

63

2.63 2.81 *significant

The difference in the perception may be attributed to the fact that the personnel are all out in their support for all these programs.

They are very much

satisfied with how the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) goes the extra mile to support the inmates while under their custody. On the other hand, the inmates perceive it as much satisfied because they see that there is still more that can be done for them especially in the delivery of their basic needs while under detention.

They feel that, while proving their

innocence in the court of law, they deserve a more compassionate safekeeping from the BJMP. Statistically, the computed t-test value of 2.63 is greater than the critical value of 2.120 at 0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a

difference between the perceptions of the personnel and the female inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm is accepted. It implies that the perceptions of the two groups differ significantly in terms of satisfaction in the implementation of the program.

64

In conclusion, the IWDP implemented by the BJMP personnel intends to eliminate the inmate’s criminal behavior, reform them to become law abiding and productive citizens and to prepare them for their eventual return to their families and absorbed into the mainstream of society. Degree of Seriousness of the Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm Table 4 presents the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the jail personnel and the female inmates.

Table 4. Summary on the Degree of Seriousness of the Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm Area 1. Provision for Basic Needs 2. Health Services 3. Livelihood Services 4. Educational Services 5. Sports and Recreation Services 6. Visitation Services 7. Paralegal Services 8. Religious Services 9. Therapeutic Community Modality Program

Weighted Mean 2.53 2.85 2.60 2.63 2.57

Descriptive Equivalence Much Serious Much Serious Much Serious Much Serious

Rank 5 1 3 2

2.43 2.51 2.33

Much Less Much Less

Serious Serious Serious Serious

4 7 6 8.5

2.33

Less Serious

8.5

As gleaned in the table, the area on health services ranked highest in the degree of seriousness of the 65

problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP at the BCJ-Female dorm with a mean of 2.85 as perceived by the personnel and female inmates as “much serious”. The result is attributed to the insufficiency of medicine to treat the illness of the inmates. Likewise, the jail is not equipped with a quarantine room where sick inmates are confined to ensure that the others are not contaminated. The inmates also stressed that it is difficult to be sick while in detention because of the lack of in-house or on-call physician to treat them immediately. Health care while in prison is especially important because inmates are much more likely to suffer from chronic health conditions brought about by sanitation issues and mental health issues caused by uncertainties in their cases. The area on educational services ranked second with a mean of 2.63, interpreted as “much serious”. The personnel and inmates view education as a very important tool for a person to survive. Thus, with all the literacy and skills enhancement trainings granted to the inmates, the fear that there will be no qualified trainer posts a problem to the respondents. Also, due to budgetary

66

constraints, not all materials needed for their education are made available to them. The area on livelihood services ranked third with a mean of 2.60, interpreted as “much serious”.

The

seriousness of this area lies on the fact that there is very limited market for the products of the inmates. There is no tie-up with the outside market to patronize their product and no constant buyers for their products. The area on sports and recreation ranked next with a mean of 2.57, described as “much serious”.

Due to the

inadequate space, there is not enough room to undertake various outdoor sports. As much as the personnel and inmates want to conduct competitions for various sports, the limited budget for these kinds of activities posts a very serious problem. The area on the provision for basic needs ranked next with a mean of 2.53, described as “much serious”. Still, the problem of inadequate food and congested cells are the most serious problems in this area.

Some inmates

regard the food as falling below the standards of nutritional value. With the limited space, the cells exceed the ideal number of inmates making it less comfortable for them.

67

The area on paralegal services ranked the next with a mean of 2.51, described as “much serious”.

Inmates may

feel that due to the slow trial process, their cases are not being monitored by the jail’s paralegal officers. The reason is that the number of offenders are constantly increasing, making it more difficult for the paralegal officers to cater to them in-depth. The area on visitation services ranks next with a mean of 2.43, described as less serious.

The inmates

feel that anytime, this privilege may be curtailed.

But

because the inmates understand the situation, they strictly comply with the regulations set by management so as to enjoy this privilege continuously.

The personnel

give them enough freedom to be with their family and friends on scheduled time. The area on religious services and the therapeutic community modality program ranked the least serious with a mean of 2.33.

The personnel and inmates have

encountered very slight problems in these two areas. Petty problems such as non-participating inmates can be addressed easily. In general, the personnel see that any problem encountered in any of these areas are tolerable and can

68

be addressed without much struggle. Despite the result where most of problems encountered by the personnel in the implementation of the nine service areas of IWDP are perceived to be much serious, the BJMP personnel prove that they are very able and equipped to answer to any problem that may arise. Meanwhile, the inmates perceive the degree of seriousness of the problems to be much serious because they are under the command of the personnel.

Summary of Findings The following are the major findings of the study: 1.

Findings revealed that there is considerable

execution on religious services, therapeutic community modality program and livelihood services in the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWPD) in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the respondents. Along the health services area, it is professed as less implemented. Differences were noted in the perceptions of the personnel and inmates on the level of implementation of IWDP.

69

2.

There is much satisfaction of the respondents in

the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the respondents. Differences were noted in the perceptions of the personnel and inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of IWDP. 3.

Health, educational and livelihood services are

the areas perceived by the respondents to be much serious in terms of the degree of problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP while religious and visitation services along with therapeutic community modality program are perceived to be a less serious problem.

70

Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations This chapter provides the conclusions and recommendations based on the major findings of the study. Conclusions 1.

The BJMP personnel are diligent and consistent

in implementing the eight service areas to the female inmates as indicated in the Inmates Welfare Development Program in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm, though, the less implementation on health services is attributed to the insufficiency of health personnel and medicine supplies.

71

2.

Both the BJMP personnel and the female inmates

are considerably satisfied in the implementation of the nine service areas as indicated in the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) in the Baguio City Jail Female dorm. 3.

Health, educational, and livelihood services

are considered to be a much serious problem because of limited budget and insufficient fund to augment the needs of the female inmates.

Recommendations The following are the recommendations based on the findings and conclusions of the study. 1.

It is recommended that treatment for common to

less severe illnesses be approved by a prison doctor or a member of the healthcare team. In-patient beds are recommended to be made available to detainees, quarantined in a separate room so as not to transmit the disease to fellow inmates. There should be a continuous supply of medicine for common sickness.

These medicines

should be made available to the inmates at an instant to secure treatment of the illness immediately.

72

2.

The

established

inmates’ upon

facility.

health

the

Health

record

inmate's

care

staff

should

arrival

should

at

schedule

be the an

annual health care check-up or examination for each inmate

to

ensure

her

health

conditions

are

not

should

be

aggravated if any. 3.

Psychiatric

health

services

available to all prisoners. All prisoners in need of psychiatric health services shall be identified in a timely

manner

and

be

afforded

transfer

to

the

appropriate facility for treatment. 4. of

Recreation programs should include a range

activities

such

as,

yoga

and

also

meditation.

These days recreation is a vital aspect in almost all

prisons

because

it

is

used

as

a

therapeutic

tool, and it may reduce recidivism. The benefits and skills that inmates obtain from exercise, such as time management, wellness, stress relief, and anger management,

will

assist

them

in

the

community

as

well. 5.

It is recommended that a larger room for

recreation particularly for indoor and outdoor sports be provided in the Baguio City female dorm.

73

6. studies

It is also highly recommended that further be

Modality

conducted

Program

on

the

regarding

Therapeutic its

Community

effectiveness

and

influence to inmates and as to the extent of the effect on the totality of the inmates. 7.

It

is

further

recommended

that

highly

qualified trainers in yoga and meditation be employed to inmates in order to make this activity safe and effective.

REFERENCES Brazzell, Crayton, Lindahl, Mukamal, and Solomon.(2009). From the Classroom to the Community: Exploring the Role of Education During Incarceration and Re-entry. The Urban Institute Justice Policy Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Burke, L.O and Vivian,J.E. (2001). The Effect of College Programming on Recidivism Rates at the Hampden County House of Correction: A 5-Year Study. Journal of Correctional Education, Vol. 52, No.5 pp.160–162 Bureau of Corrections (n.d) Retrieved February 7, 2014, http://www.bucor.gov.ph/programs.html Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Manual Revised 2007, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Official Website retrieved February 7, 2014, http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/ Davinci S. Maru.(2012). 27 inmates finish ALS Program. . Sun.Star).

74

Federal Bureau of Prisons (n.d). Retrieved February 7, 2014,http://www.bop.gov/inmates/custody_and_care/ Gerald G. Gaes.(2008).The Impact of Prison Education Programs on Post-Release Outcomes. Roundtable on Education. Harer, M.D.(1995). Recidivism Among Federal Prisoners Released in 1987. Journal of Correctional Education, Vol. 46, No.3 pp. 98–128 Johnson, B. R. (2001). Reviewing and clarifying the role of religion in reducing crime and delinquency. Federal Probation, 65(3), 49-52. Johnson, B. R. (2004). Religious programs and recidivism among former inmates in prison fellowship programs: A long-term follow-up study. Justice Quarterly, 21(2), 329-354. Johnson, B. R., Larson, D. B., Li, S. D., and Jang, S. J. (2000). Escaping from the crime of innercities: Church attendance and religious salience among disadvantaged youth. Justice Quarterly, 17,377-392. Johnson, B. R., Larson, D. B., & Pitts, T. (1997). Religious programs, institutional adjustment, and recidivism among former inmates in Prison Fellowship programs. Justice Quarterly, 14,145-166. Johnson, B. R., Tompkins, R. B. and Webb, D. (2002). Objective hope: Assessing the effectiveness of faith-based organizations: A review of literature. Retrieved November 7, 2008 from http://www.nicic.org/Library/020279 Martin, J. E., and Carlson, C. R. (1988). Spiritual dimensions of health psychology. In W. Miller & J. Martin (Eds.), Behavior therapy and religion: Integrating spiritual and behavioral approaches to change (pp. 57-110). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Prisoner Rehabilitation (n.d).Retrieved February 7, 2014,http://www.rehabilitations.org./prisonerrehabilitation.html 75

Prison Programs (n.d). Retrieved February 7, 2014, http://listverse.com/2008/08/14/top-10-modernprison-programs/ The Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development Manual (1st ed.). (2013)BJMP Building 144 Mindanao Avenue Project 8, pp.3, 8,&22.

APPENDICES Appendix A Republic of the Philippines CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet Letter to the respondent March 24, 2014 Dear Respondent: I am conducting a research on the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) particularly at Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. This research is entitled “WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL”. It is a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Master of Public Administration in which I am currently enrolled at the Cordillera Career Development College in Buyagan Poblacion La Trinidad, Benguet. 76

In this regard, may I ask you to kindly answer honestly and accurately as much as you could the attached questionnaire-checklist. Rest assured that the data gathered from you will be treated with utmost confidentiality and shall be strictly used for this study only. By doing it well, this research will hopefully help in further improving the implementation of the IWDP not only in Baguio City jail-FD but also in the whole region if not the entire BJMP organization. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Respectfully yours, Milagrose L. Biniahan Noted by: ABELLO K. FERNANDO, Ph.D Appendix B Republic of the Philippines CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet March 24, 2014 JCINSP MARY ANN OLLAGING-TRESMANIO Warden, Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm Abanao Street, Baguio City Madam: I am conducting a research on the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) particularly at the Baguio City Jail- Female Dormitory. This research is entitled, “WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL”. It is a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree, Master of Public Administration in which I am currently

77

enrolled at Cordillera Career Development College in Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet. Relative to this, may I ask your permission to please allow me to distribute some questionnaire-checklist to some of the personnel and female inmates in the Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. Thank you very much ma’am and hoping for your approval. Very truly yours, Milagrose L. Biniahan Jail Officer 1 Researcher

Noted by: ABELLO K. FERNANDO, Ph.D Thesis Adviser

Approved/Disapproved: APPENDIX C QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondent: The undersigned is conducting a research study entitled “WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS (WDP) TO FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL” that aims to provide recommendations for the enhancement of the rehabilitation programs and services of said institution. May I request your very kind assistance by answering the attached questionnaire? Your responses shall be treated with utmost confidentiality. Thank you. Milagrose L. Biniahan Researcher Part I. Personal Data

78

Name:(Optional)_________________________________________ Age:________________ Civil Status:______________________ Length of Detention (for Inmates):______________________ Length of Service (for BJMP Officers):__________________ Part II. Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) of Baguio City Jail- Female Dorm. Directions: Level of implementation of the IWDP of BCJ – FD. Please check the box each indicator using the scale below. Legend:

I. A.

4 3 2 1

– –

Very Much Implemented (VMI) Much Implemented (MI) Less Implemented (LI) Not Implemented (NI)

Level of Implementation of the IWDP at Baguio City Jail – Female Dorm. PROVISIONS OF BASIC NEEDS 4

INDICATORS

3

VMI MI

1. Adequate food with nutritional value and good for health and strength. 2. Accommodations/cells are available and Suitable to associate with one another. 3. Provided with clothing which is suitable and in no manner be degrading or humiliating. 4. Water and hygiene supplies are provided to. 5. Keep their person clean. 6. Provided with bed and wash room in good order and ensure cleanliness. 7. Others, please specify 79

2

1

SI

LI

B. HEALTH SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

2

1

VMI MI

SI

LI

4

2

1

SI

LI

1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm has health officers such as physician, nurse and dentist. 2. The jail is maintaining a medical clinic where sick inmates are examined, temporarily confined and given free medicines. 3. The health service unit is well organized to attain to the medical and dental need of inmates. 4. Sick inmates requiring specialized treatment are transferred to hospital or specialized institution. 5. Coordination to the Medical/Dental society or Non-Government Organizations for the conduct of medical and dental mission to the inmates. 6. Others, please specify C. LIVELIHOOD SERVICES INDICATORS

3

VMI MI 1. Afford livelihood activities with compensation for inmate’s labors (e.g. paper craft, crocheting, cross stitch, barber shop, tailoring, to augment his/her other basic needs. 2. Inmates can choose livelihood activities according to their vocational background or training under the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 3. Inmates are allowed to spend their earnings on approved articles for 80

their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families. 4. All livelihood activities of the inmates are being enforced and monitored by BJMP personnel. 5. Training is conducted to enhance the skills of the inmates as a means of livelihood and in preparation for their release. 6. Others, please specify

D. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

VMI MI 1. Provide literacy classes to inmates (e.g. Alternative Learning System, tutorial, reading, writing) 2. Provide vocational training to inmates (e.g. tailoring, dressmaking, cosmetology, baking, barbering. 3. Educational or learning materials/supplies are being provided to the inmate learners. 4. Teachers and tutors are qualified being provided by the DepEd and TESDA 5. Inmates may choose among the literacy and vocational training conducted which are useful to them and may apply upon release. 6. Others, please specify E. SPORTS AND RECREATION SERVICES 81

2

1

SI

LI

INDICATORS

4

3

2

1

VMI MI

SI

LI

4

2

1

SI

LI

1. Equipment and facilities for sports and recreational activities are provided to inmates (e.g. badminton, table tennis, scrabble, volleyball, chess, darts) 2. Recreational and cultural activities are observed to benefit the mental, physical health and well being of the inmates. 3. Wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations (i.e. watching TV, Christmas party, concert, presentations, and socialization programs with their families). 4. Inmates are allowed at least one hour of suitable exercise in open air daily if the weather permits. 5. Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreations activities. 6. Others, please specify F. VISITATION INDICATORS

SERVICES 3

VMI MI 1. Visitation promotes moral and social supports to the inmates. 2. Special attention for the maintenance and improvement of relationship between the inmates and his family. 3. Visiting area is provided for the inmate to entertain their visitors. 4. Inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family (spouse, fiancée, parent or child,

82

brother or sister, grand parent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward). 5. Special conjugal visits by the wife/husband of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP. 6. Others, please specify G. PARALEGAL INDICATORS

SERVICES 4

3

2

1

VMI MI

SI

LI

4

2

1

SI

LI

1. To inform the inmates of their rights (including rights to a counsel and suffrage) and laws applicable to them (i.e. modes of early release under existing laws). 2. Coordinates to the public Attorney’s office (PAO), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and volunteer lawyers for free legal assistance to inmates. 3. Giving assistance to convicted inmates in applying for probation, good conduct time allowance (GCTA), pardon and parole. 4. Paralegal Officers are designated to monitor the case status of inmates in courts. 5. Assist in looking for the best possible surety who can provide the bail bond most affordable to the inmates 6. Others, please specify H. RELIGIOUS INDICATORS

SERVICES 3

VMI MI 1. Respect of religion among the inmates is being observed and

83

2.

3. 4. 5.

6.

allowed to satisfy the needs of his/her religious life. A qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services to the inmates. Maintain a secured and safe place designated for worship among inmates. Religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship. Regular religious or interfaith activities are allowed to the inmates in accordance to BJMP rules and regulations. Others, please specify

I. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY INDICATORS

4

3

VMI MI 1. Therapeutic community modality is an interaction that helps inmates gets help while helping other inmates. 2. All inmates are required to participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. 3. The interactions among the inmates are designed to be therapeutic, as the inmates will play the dual rule of client-therapist. 4. The conduct of therapeutic community modality of the inmates is under the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 5. Orientation seminars are being conducted to the newly committed inmates before they can participate in the therapeutic community modality. 6. Others, please specify

84

2

1

SI

LI

Directions: Level of satisfaction on the implementation of the IWDP of BCJ - FD. Please check the box after each indicator using the scale below. Legend:

4 3 2 1

– –

Very Much Satisfied (VMS) Much Satisfied (MS) Less Satisfied (LS) Not Satisfied (NS)

2. Level of Satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP at Baguio City Jail – Female Dorm. A. PROVISIONS OF BASIC NEEDS INDICATORS

4

3

VMS MS

2

1

LS

NS

2

1

LS

NS

1. Food services are adequate. 2. Adequate accommodations and cells. 3. Adequate clothing supplies 4. Sufficient water and hygiene supplies. 5. Provided with bed and wash room in good order and ensure cleanliness 6. Others, please specify B. HEALTH SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

VMS MS 1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm is provided with health officers such as physician, nurse and dentist who can attain to the health needs of inmates. 2. The jail has a medical clinic where sick inmates are examined, temporarily confined and given free medicines.

85

3. The health service unit is well organized to attain to the medical and dental needs of inmates. 4. Sick inmates requiring specialized treatment are transferred to hospital or specialized institution. 5. Coordination to the Medical/dental society or Non-Government Organizations for medical and dental mission to the inmates. 6. Others, please specify

C. LIVELIHOOD SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

VMS MS 1. Inmates are compensated on their livelihood activities (e.g. combining paper craft, crocheting, cross stitch barber shop, tailoring, to augment his/her other basic needs. 2. Inmates can choose livelihood services according to their vocational background or training under the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 3. Inmates are spending their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families. 4. All livelihood services of the inmates are being enforced and monitored by BJMP personnel. 5. Trainings are being conducted to enhance the skills of the inmates as a means of livelihood and in preparation for their release.

86

2

1

LS

NS

6. Others, please specify D. EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS

SERVICES 4

3

2

1

VMS MS

LS

NS

4

2

1

LS

NS

1. Provide literacy classes to inmates (e.g. Alternative Learning System, tutorial, reading, writing, 2. Educational vocational training to inmates (e.g. tailoring, dressmaking, cosmetology, baking, practical electricity, electronics, barbering) 3. Educational or learning materials/supplies are being provided to the inmate learning’s. 4. Teachers and tutors are qualified being provided by the DepEd and TESDA 5. Inmates can choose among the literacy and vocational training conducted which are useful to them and may apply upon release. 6. Others, please specify E. SPORTS AND RECREATION INDICATORS

SERVICES 3

VMS MS 1. Equipment and facilities for sports and recreational activities are provided to inmates (e.g. badminton, table tennis, scrabble, volleyball, chess, darts) 2. Recreational and cultural activities are observed to benefit the mental, physical health and well being of the inmates. 3. Wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules

87

and regulations (i.e. watching TV, Christmas party, concert, presentations, and socialization programs with their families). 4. Inmates are allowed at least one hour of suitable exercise in open air daily if the weather permits. 5. Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreations activities. 6. Others, please specify F. VISITATION INDICATORS

SERVICES 4

3

2

1

VMS MS

LS

NS

4

2

1

LS

NS

1. Visitation promotes moral and social supports to the inmates. 2. Special attention for the maintenance and improvement of relationship between the inmates and his family. 3. Visiting area is provided for the inmate to entertain their visitors. 4. Inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family (spouse, fiancée, parent or child, brother or sister, grand parent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward). 5. Special conjugal visits by the wife/husband of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP. 6. Others, please specify G. PARALEGAL INDICATORS

SERVICES 3

VMS MS 1. To inform the inmates of their

88

rights (including rights to a counsel and suffrage) and laws applicable to them (i.e. modes of early release under existing laws). 2. Coordinates to the public Attorney’s office (PAO), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and volunteer lawyers for free legal assistance to inmates. 3. Giving assistance to convicted inmates in applying for probation, good conduct time allowance (GCTA), pardon and parole. 4. Paralegal Officers are designated to monitor the case status of inmates in courts.

5. Assist in looking for the best possible surety who can provide the bail bond most affordable to the inmates 6. Others, please specify H. RELIGIOUS INDICATORS

SERVICES 4

3

VMS MS 1. Respecting religious belief among the inmates and allowed to satisfy the needs of his/her religious life. 2. A qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services t inmates. 3. Maintaining a secured and safe place designated for worship among inmates. 4. Religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship.

89

2

1

LS

NS

5. Regular religious or interfaith activities are allowed to the inmates in accordance to BJMP rules and regulations. 6. Others, please specify I. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY INDICATORS

4

3

VMS MS

2

1

LS

NS

1. Therapeutic community modality is an interaction that can help inmates while helping other inmates. 2. All inmates can participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. 3. The interaction among the inmates can be designated to be therapeutic, as the inmates will play the dual role of clienttherapist. 4. Newly committed inmates will undergo Orientation seminars before they can participate in the therapeutic community modality. 5. Others, please specify Directions: Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at BCJ– FD Please check the box after each indicator using the scale below: Legend:

4 3 2 1

– – – –

Very Much Serious (VMS) Much Serious (MS) Less Serious (LS) Not Serious (NS)

3. Degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at BCJ – Female dorm. A. PROVISIONS OF BASIC NEEDS INDICATORS 90

4

3

2

1

LS VMS MS

NS

1. Food services are inadequate. 2. Insufficient accommodations and congested cells. 3. Inadequate clothing supplies. 4. Insufficient water and hygiene supplies. 5. Lack of bed and wash room causing deteriorating cleanliness. 6. Others, please specify

B. HEALTH SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

2

1

VMS MS

LS

NS

4

2

1

LS

NS

1. Lack of qualified health officers such as physician, nurse and dentist. 2. Lack of medical and dental equipment and supplies. 3. Lack of space to hold sick or inmates under observations for health reasons. 4. Sick inmates needs Court Order to be transferred to hospital or specialized institution. 5. No isolation room to segregate inmates inflicted with contagious diseases. 6. Others, please specify C. LIVELIHOOD SERVICES INDICATORS

3

VMS MS 1. Lack of materials needed by the inmates for their livelihood 91

activities. 2. Lack of market outlet to help sell inmate’s products. 3. Inconsistent income generating activities to help earn for a living while under detention. 4. Improper supervision in the conduct of livelihood activities of the inmates. 5. BJMP policy restricting the implementation of livelihood activities 6. Others, please specify

D. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

2

1

VMS MS

LS

NS

4

2

1

LS

NS

1. Lack of funds to support literacy classes for inmates. 2. Lack of a space to conduct vocational training or literacy education to inmates. 3. Inadequate educational or learning materials/supplies for the inmate learning’s. 4. No qualified teachers and tutors to teach the inmates. 5. Favoritism in selecting inmates to undergo literacy and vocational training. 6. Others, please specify E. SPORTS AND RECREATION INDICATORS

SERVICES 3

VMS MS 1. Lack of equipment and facilities for sports and recreational activities for the inmates (e.g. 92

badminton, table tennis, scrabble, basketball, volleyball, chess, billiard, darts) 2. Lack of space for sports, recreational and cultural activities within the jail premises. 3. Jail rules and regulations restricting the wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter (i.e. watching TV, Christmas party, concert, presentations, and socialization programs with their families. 4. Irregular holding of sports competition and recreation programs. 5. Lack of budget to sponsor the conduct of inmates’ cultural programs and recreations activities. 6. Others, please specify. F. VISITATION SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

VMS MS 1. Lack of attention for the maintenance and improvement of relationship between the inmates and family. 2. Lack of space as visiting area, where inmates can entertain their visitors. 3. Jail rules and policies are restricting visitation of inmates. 4. All visitors are subjected to security rules and regulations before entering the jail. 5. Inmates are only allowed to entertain few visitor due to the many numbers of visitors. 93

2

1

LS

NS

6. Others, please specify. G. PARALEGAL SERVICES INDICATORS

4

3

2

1

VMS MS

LS

NS

4

2

1

LS

NS

1. Newly committed inmates are not being informed of their rights (including rights to a counsel and suffrage) and laws applicable to them (i.e. modes of early release under existing law). 2. Lack of coordination to the Public Attorney’s Office (PAO), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and volunteer lawyers for free legal assistance to inmates 3. Lack of assistance to convicted inmates in applying for probation, good conduct time allowance (GCTA), pardon and parole. 4. Lack of qualified Paralegal Officers to monitor the case status of inmates in courts. 5. Lack of assistance in looking for the best possible surety who can provide the bail bond most affordable to the inmates. 6. Others, please specify H. RELIGIOUS SERVICES INDICATORS

3

VMS MS 1. Confusions among inmates are experienced due to the several religious groups visiting the jail. 2. Lack of qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination to render services to the inmates. 94

3. Lack of space for the conduct of religious worship among inmates. 4. Religious symbols or materials are not openly displayed s they might be offensive to other belief and denomination 5. Conduct of religious services is being regulated for security reasons and in accordance to BJMP rules and regulations. 6. Others, please specify

I. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY INDICATORS

4

3

VMS MS 1. Lack of space where the therapeutic community modality activity is being conducted. 2. Lack of interest on the part of the inmates to participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. 3. Some inmates cannot interact to other inmates, as they claimed that they are all the same and facing their respective problems regarding their cases. 4. The presence of BJMP personnel causes disturbance among the inmates during the conduct of therapeutic community modality activity. 5. Newly committed inmates are not oriented firs, before they can join the therapeutic community modality activity. 6. Others, please specify

Thank you very much and God bless!!!

95

2

1

LS

NS

Milagrose L. Biniahan Researcher

APPENDIX D t-test computation Level of Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City JailFemale Dorm

Personnel Indicators

X1

(X1 - X1)

Inmates

(X1 - X1)2

X2

(X1 - X2)

(X2 - X2)2

A. Basic Needs

2.87

-0.33

0.1067

2.37

-0.33

0.1096

B. Health Services

2.85

-0.35

0.1202

2.35

-0.35

0.1233

C. Livelihood Services D. Educational Services E. Sports and Recreation Services

3.18

-0.02

0.0003

2.83

0.13

0.0166

3.15

-0.05

0.0022

2.74

0.04

0.0015

3.35

0.15

0.0235

2.66

-0.04

0.0017

F. Visitation Services

3.17

-0.03

0.0007

2.50

-0.20

0.0404

G. Paralegal Services

3.23

0.03

0.0011

2.50

-0.20

0.0404

H. Religious Services I. Therapeutic Community Modality

3.50

0.30

0.0920

3.19

0.49

0.2390

3.47

0.27

0.0747

3.17

0.47

0.2199

TOTAL MEAN

28.77

0.4214 24.31

3.20

2.70

96

0.7925

_

Where x1

=

mean of sample 1

_

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

S22=

variance of sample 1 =

_ ∑(x1 – x1)2 n1

variance of sample 2 =

_ ∑(x2 – x2)2 n2

T-test Computation: S12 = 0.4214 / 9 = 0.0468 t =

= t=

S22 = 0.7925 / 9 = 0.0881

3.20 - 2.70 ______ _______________ ________________ √ (.0468) + (.0881) .50 / 0.3673 2.60

t0.05 = 2.120

Decision :

Accept the hypothesis (Ha)

Interpretation: There is a significant difference between the personnel and the inmates on the level of implementation of the IWDP at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm 97

APPENDIX D t-test computation

Personnel (X1 X1)

(X1 X1)2

(X2 X2)2

Indicators

X1

A. Basic Needs B. Health Services C. Livelihood Services D. Educational Services E. Sports and Recreation Services F. Visitation Services G. Paralegal Services H. Religious Services I. Therapeutic Community Modality TOTAL MEAN

2.93 3.15 3.37

-0.32 -0.10 0.12

0.1024 0.0100 0.0144

2.35 2.30 2.75

-0.28 0.0803 -0.33 0.1111 0.12 0.0136

3.26

0.01

0.0001

2.88

0.25 0.0608

3.20 3.25 3.22 3.46

-0.05 0.00 -0.03 0.21

0.0025 0.0000 0.0009 0.0441

2.64 2.46 2.51 2.85

3.41 29.25 3.25

0.16

0.0256 0.2000

2.96 23.70 2.63

98

X2

Inmates (X1 X2)

0.01 -0.17 -0.12 0.22

0.0000 0.0300 0.0152 0.0469

0.33 0.1067 0.4648

Level of Satisfaction on the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

Where x1

=

mean of sample 1

_

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

S22=

variance of sample 1 =

_ ∑(x1 – x1)2 n1

variance of sample 2 =

_ ∑(x2 – x2)2 n2

T-test Computation: S12 = 0.2000 / 9 = 0.0222 t =

= t=

S22 = 0.4648 / 9 = 0.0516

3.25 - 2.63 ______ _______________ ________________ √ (.0222) + (.0516) .62 / 0.2717 2.28

t0.05 = 2.12

Decision:

Accept the Hypothesis (Ha)

Interpretation: There is significant difference between the personnel and inmates on the 99

level of satisfaction of the implementation of IWDP at Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm

APPENDIX E t-test computation Level of Seriousness on the Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

Indicators

X1

Personnel (X1 (X1 X1) X1)2

X2

Inmates (X1 (X2 X2) X2)2

A. Basic Needs B. Health Services

2.15 2.51

0.03 0.39

0.0008 0.1512

2.68 2.98

-0.01 0.29

0.0001 0.0835

C. Livelihood Services D. Educational Services E. Sports and Recreation Services F. Visitation Services G. Paralegal Services H. Religious Services I. Therapeutic Community Modality

2.17

0.05

0.0024

2.77

0.08

0.0062

2.11

-0.01

0.0001

2.83

0.14

0.0193

2.21 1.96 1.97 2.01

0.09 -0.16 -0.15 -0.11

0.0079 0.0260 0.0228 0.0123

2.71 2.59 2.73 2.47

0.02 -0.10 0.04 -0.22

0.0004 0.0102 0.0015 0.0489

2.00

-0.12

0.0147

2.46

-0.23

0.0534

100

TOTAL MEAN

19.09 2.12

Where x1

=

0.2383 24.22 2.69

mean of sample 1

_

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

S22=

variance of sample 1 =

_ ∑(x1 – x1)2 n1

variance of sample 2 =

_ ∑(x2 – x2)2 n2

T-test Computation: S12 = 0.2383 / 9 = 0.0265

t =

= t=

S22 = 0.2235 / 9 = 0.0248

2.12 - 2.69 ______ _______________ ________________ √ (.0265) + (.0248) .57 / 0.2265 2.52

t0.05 = 2.120

Decision:

Accept the hypothesis (Ha)

101

0.2235

Interpretation: There is significant difference between the personnel and inmates as to the Degree of Seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at Baguio City Jail- Female Dorm

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION Name:

Milagrose L.Biniahan

Birthday: December 15, 1978 Birthplace:

Tinoc, Ifugao

Civil Status:

Single

Religion: Roman Catholic Address:

AE229-A Buyagan La Trinidad, Benguet

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Tertiary----------------Cordillera Career Development College Bachelor of Science in Criminology 2000 Buyagan La Trinidad, Benguet 102

Secondary--------------- Ifugao State College of Agriculture and Forestry Tinoc, Ifugao Elementary-------------- Tinoc Elementary School Tinoc, Ifugao

ELIGIBILITIES Criminology Board Examination

2001

NAPOLCOM Examination

2002

WORK EXPERIENCE January 21, 2004 – Present

Jail Non-Commissioned Officer Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Baguio City Jail – Female Dormitory

SEMINARS TRAININGS ATTENDED Gender and Development Seminar (March 20, 2014) Seminar on Basic Life Support, Fire Safety and Earthquake Preparedness (March 18, 2014) Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) Refresher Course (February 18, 2014) Seminar on Staff Functions and Completed Workshop (September 20, 2013)

103

Seminar on Updates on Paralegal Service and Other Related Laws (September 11, 2013) Gun Safety Seminar (June 10, 2013) Administrative Machinery, Legal Issuances, Special Laws and Other Related Laws (October 21, 2012) BJMP Refresher Course Syllabus Seminar Workshop (July 1316, 2012) Refresher Course for Non-Officer Ranks (November 14-18, 2011) Seminar on Parenting (September 2, 2011) Seminar on Investigation Basics, Prosecution Procedures and Other Paralegal Perspectives (November 30, 2010) Five Days Trainers Training for BJMP Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) (September 15-19, 2009) Therapeutic Community Modality Training (September 13-24, 2004) Public Safety Basic Recruit Course CL 99-04(May 25September 17, 2004)

104