State Quarters and America The Beautiful Quarters

AUTHOR: JORGE RGE HERRÁEZ

1

Index Mints ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 Previous coin (Washington Quarter) ----------------------------------------------------------- 9 Coin characteristics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 State Quarters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 -

1999 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 15 2000 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 20 2001 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 25 2002 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 30 2003 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 35 2004 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 40 2005 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 45 2006 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 50 2007 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 55 2008 State Quarters ------------------------------------------ 60 2009 D.C. & U.S. Territories Quarters -------------------- 65

America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------------------------------------------------- 72 -

2010 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------- 75 2011 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------- 80 2012 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------- 85 2013 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------- 90 2014 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------- 95 2015 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------100 2016 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------105 2017 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------110 2018 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------115 2019 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------120 2020 America the Beautiful Quarters ---------------------125 2021 America the Beautiful Quarter ----------------------130

2

Mints Philadelphia The Philadelphia Mint was created from the need to establish a national identity and the needs of commerce in the United States. This led the Founding Fathers of the United States to make an establishment of a continental national mint a main priority after the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. The Coinage Act of 1792 was entered into law on April 2. Within, it proclaimed the creation of the United States Mint. Philadelphia at that time was the nation's capital; therefore the first mint facility was to be built there. The Mint Act also instituted a decimal system based on a dollar unit; specified weights, metallic composition and fineness; and required each United States coin feature "an impression emblematic of liberty". David Rittenhouse, an American scientist, was appointed the first Director of the Mint by President George Washington. Foundation work began on July 31, and by September 7, the first building was ready for installation of the smelting furnace. The smelt house has gained the honors of being the very first public building erected by the United States government. A three-story brick structure facing Seventh Street was constructed a few months later. Being the tallest and most visible structure of the mint the words "Ye Olde Mint" were painted on. Measuring nearly 37 feet (11 m) wide on the street, it only extended back 33 feet (10 m). The gold and silver for the mint was contained in basement vaults. The first floor housed deposit and weighing rooms, along with the press room, where striking coins took place. Mint official offices were on the second floor and the assay office was located on the third floor. January 1816 saw the destruction of the smelt and mill houses from a fire. The smelt house was never repaired and all smelting was done elsewhere. The mill house, which was completely destroyed, was soon replaced with a large brick building. It included a new steam engine in the basement to power the machinery above.

First building (1792-1833) 3

Until 1833, these three buildings dutifully provided America with spendable hard currency to undertake the exploration and growth of a nation. Operations moved to the second Philadelphia mint in 1833 and the land housing the first mint was sold. In the late 19th or early 20th century, the property was sold to Frank Stewart, who approached the city asking them to preserve or relocate the historic buildings. With no governmental help "Ye Olde Mint" was demolished between 1907 and 1911. A small plaque now is the only thing memorializing the spot upon which the largest economy to date was conceived. On July 4, 1829, a cornerstone was laid at the intersection of Chestnut and Juniper. It was designed by William Strickland the second Philadelphia Mint. The "Grecian Temple", was constructed of white marble with classic Greek style columns on front and back. Measuring 150 feet (46 m) wide in front by 204 feet (62 m) deep, it was a huge improvement over the first facility, in space as well as image. Opening for business in January 1833, its production was constrained by the outdated machinery salvaged from "Ye Old Mint". Franklin Peale was sent to Europe to study advanced coin making technologies which were brought back and implemented, increasing productivity and quality. The second Philadelphia mint pounded out coins through the American Civil War, three presidential assassinations, growth from sea to sea, the telegraph and telephone, and the incandescent light bulb. The nation exploded from 13 million people to 76 million by 1900, and demand soon outpaced production.

Second building (1833-1901) In 1901, the third Philadelphia Mint was to begin coining operations. Sold in 1902, the second mint was quickly demolished. The cornerstone buried in 1833 was unearthed and contained a candy jar. Inside the jar were three coins, a couple of newspapers, and a scroll with information on the first mint and the creation of the second. The third Philadelphia Mint was built at 1700 Spring Garden Street and opened in 1901. It was designed by James Knox Taylor and it was a block from the United States Smelting Company was at Broad and Spring Garden Streets. In one year alone the mint produced 501,000,000 coins (5/7 of the U.S. currency minted) as well as 90,000,000 coins for foreign countries.

4

A massive structure nearly a full city block, it was an instant landmark. Characterized by a Roman temple facade, visitors were to marvel at seven themed glass mosaics designed by Louis C. Tiffany in a gold backed vaulted ceiling. The mosaics depicted ancient Roman coin making methods. This mint still stands intact with much of the interior as well and it was acquired by the Community College of Philadelphia in 1973.

Third building (1901-1969) A mere two blocks from the site of "Ye Olde Mint", the fourth and current Philadelphia Mint opened its doors in 1969. It was designed by Philadelphia architect Vincent G. Kling who would also help design Five Penn Center, Centre Square and the Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts. The Philadelphia Mint can produce up to one million coins in thirty minutes (it took three years for the original mint to produce that many). The mint also produces medals and awards for military, governmental and civil services. Uncirculated coins minted here have the "P" mint mark, while circulated coins from before 1980 carried no mint mark except the Jefferson nickels minted from 1942–1945 and the 1979 Susan B. Anthony dollar coins. Since 1980, all coins minted there have the "P" mint mark except pennies.

Current building (1969-present)

5

Denver The Denver Mint is a branch of the United States Mint that struck its first coins on February 1, 1906. The mint is still operating and producing coins for circulation, as well as mint sets and commemorative coins. Coins produced at the Denver Mint bear a D mint mark (not to be confused with the mark of the Dahlonega Mint). The Denver Mint is the single largest producer of coins in the world. The predecessors of the Denver Mint were the men of Clark, Gruber & Company. During the Pikes Peak Gold Rush, they coined gold dust brought from the gold fields by the miners and for almost three years, they minted gold coins (1860-61) and ingots (1862). They were formally bought by the US in 1863. Established by an Act of Congress on April 21, 1862, the United States Mint at Denver opened for business in late 1863 as a United States Assay Office. Operations began in the facilities of Clark, Gruber & Company, located at 16th and Market Streets and acquired by the government for $25,000. Unlike Clark, Gruber & Company, though, the Denver plant performed no coinage of gold as first intended. One reason given by the Director of the Mint for the lack of coinage at Denver was, "... the hostility of the Indian tribes along the routes, doubtless instigated by rebel emissaries (there being a Civil War) and bad white men." Gold and nuggets brought to there by miners from the surrounding area were accepted by the Assay Office for melting, assaying, and stamping of cast gold bars. The bars were then returned to the depositors as imparted bars stamped with the weight and fineness of the gold. Most of the gold came from the rich beds of placer gold found in the streams and first discovered in 1858, the same year Denver was founded. When the supply of gold was exhausted from the streams, the emphasis turned to lode mining, uncovering veins of ore with a high percentage of gold and silver. By 1859, the yearly value of the gold and silver deposited at the Assay Office was over $5.6 million. During its early years as an Assay Office, the Denver plant was the city's most substantial structure. The United States Treasury did not expand its smelting and refining operations at the same rate as the discovery and production of gold. In 1872 a group of businessmen lead by Judge Hiram Bond, Joseph Miner and Denver Mayor Joseph E. Bates set up a firm “Denver Smelting and Refining Works” which built an independent complementary plant which processed ore into ingots which were then assayed, weighed and stamped by the Denver Mint. There was new hope for branch mint status when congress provided for the establishment of a mint at Denver for gold and silver coin production. The site for the new mint at West Colfax and Delaware streets was purchased on April 22, 1896 for approximately $60,000 and the construction began in 1897.

6

Appropriations to complete and equip the plant were insufficient, and the transfer of assay operations to the new building was delayed until September 1, 1904. Coinage operations finally began in February 1906, advancing the status of the Denver facility to Branch Mint. In addition, before the new machinery to be used at the Mint was installed for use, it was first sent to the St. Louis Exposition of 1904 for display. Silver coins were minted in Denver for the first time in 1906. During the first year, 167 million coins were produced, including $20 gold (double eagle) coins, $10 gold (eagle) coins, $5 gold (half eagle) coins, and assorted denominations of silver coins.

Current building (1897–present)

San Francisco The San Francisco Mint is a branch of the United States Mint, and was opened in 1854 to serve the gold mines of the California Gold Rush. It quickly outgrew its first building and moved into a new one in 1874. This building, the Old United States Mint, also known affectionately as The Granite Lady, is one of the few that survived the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake. It served until 1937, when the present facility was opened. Within the first year of its operation, the San Francisco mint turned $4 million in gold bullion into coins. The second building, completed in 1874, was designed by Alfred B. Mullett in a conservative Greek style with a sober Doric order. The building had a central pediment portico flanked by projecting wings in an E-shape; it was built round a completely enclosed central courtyard that contained a well the features that saved it during the fire of 1906, when the heat melted the plate glass windows and exploded sandstone and granite blocks with which it was faced. The building sat on a concrete and granite foundation, designed to thwart tunneling into its vaults, which at the time of the 1906 fire held $300 million, fully a third of the United States' gold reserves. Heroic efforts by Superintendent of the Mint, Frank Leach, and his men preserved the building and the bullion that then backed the nation's currency. The mint resumed operation soon thereafter, continuing until 1937.

7

In 1961 the Old Mint, as it had become known, was designated a National Historic Landmark and it was open to visitors until 1993. In 2003 the federal government sold the structure to the City of San Francisco for one dollar (an 1879 silver dollar struck at the mint) for use as the Museum of the City of San Francisco. In the fall of 2005, ground was broken for renovations that would turn the central court into a glassenclosed galleria. The Museum is scheduled to open in 2012, but the Old Mint is used for special events.

Old San Francisco Mint building (1874-1937) The new Mint was opened in 1937. Beginning in 1955, circulating coinage from San Francisco was suspended for 13 years. In 1968, it took over most proof coinage production from the Philadelphia Mint, but continued striking a supplemental circulating coinage from 1968 through 1974. Since 1975, the San Francisco Mint has been used only for proof coinage, with the exception of the Susan B. Anthony dollar from 1979–81 and a portion of the mintage of cents in the early 1980s. The dollars bear a mintmark of an "S", but the cents are otherwise indistinguishable from those minted at Philadelphia (which bears no mintmarks, unlike those years' proof cents from San Francisco and circulation cents from Denver). From 1962 to 1988, the San Francisco Mint was officially an assay office; the San Francisco Assay Office was granted mint status again on March 31, 1988. The San Francisco Mint is located at 155 Hermann Street, but does not allow visitors.

New San Francisco Mint building (1937-present)

8

Previous coin (Washington Quarter)

The Washington Quarter that was minted from 1965-1998 is made up of the same metals as State Quarters and it also has the same size and weight. It is made of two layers of 25% nickel, 75% copper, commonly called cupronickel, bonded to a core of pure copper, giving a total composition of 8.33% Ni with the balance Cu, weighs 5.670 grams (0.182 troy oz), has a diameter of 0.955 inches (24.26 mm), has a width of 1.75 millimeters (0.069 in), and has a reeded edge. Owing to the introduction of the clad quarter in 1965, it was occasionally called a "Johnson Sandwich," after Lyndon B. Johnson, U.S. President at the time. From 1932 to1965 the Washington Quarter contained 90% silver, 10% copper. The obverse of the coin has a bust of George Washington in profile, facing left. It was designed by John Flanagan and derives from a 1786 bust sculpted by Jean-Antoine Houdon. The word "LIBERTY" is at the top and "IN GOD WE TRUST" is to the left of Washington's head. The date of minting is found below Washington's neck. Since 1968, the mintmark appears just above and to the right of the date ('D' for Denver, 'S' for San Francisco, and either 'P' or none for Philadelphia). The reverse of the Washington Quarter was in circulation from 1932–1974 and 19771998. It features a bald eagle, a design by John Flanagan. It contains the mottoes "In God We Trust" and "E Pluribus Unum", and the denomination written as "quarter dollar". Prior to 1968, the mintmark appeared below the eagle's talons.

9

Coin characteristics Philadelphia and Denver mints Mass: 5’670 g (0’182 troy oz). Diameter: 24’26 mm (0’955 in). Thickness: 1’75 mm (0’069 in). Edge: 119 reeds. Composition: Cu 91’67% and Ni 8’33% (core 100% Cu and exterior material 75% Cu and 25% Ni).

San Francisco mint Mass: 6’250 g Diameter: 24’26 mm (0’955 in). Thickness: 1’75 mm (0’069 in). Edge: 119 reeds. Composition: Ag 90% and Cu 10%.

10

State Quarters The 50 State Quarters Program has now run its course with the release of five different quarters each year for the past ten years. Each quarter featured a different design highlighting the uniqueness and history of each state. The program has been credited with reinvigorating the hobby of coin collecting. It provided individuals with the opportunity to build an impressive collection of coins from their daily pocket change. The program also provided a valuable learning experience about the richness and diversity of the 50 States. Anyone following or collecting the series could have learned a great deal about history and geography. 50 State Quarters Program State Quarters were authorized under the 50 States Commemorative Coin Program Act (Public Law 105-124) signed into law on December 1, 1997 by President Clinton. The Act provided for the redesign and issuance of a circulating commemorative quarter dollar coin for each of the 50 States beginning in 1999. At the time this was an unprecedented program with an ambitious scope. It provided for a change in design five times per year for a 10 year period, yielding fifty different designs. Prior to the program, a single design was used for each denomination which typically remained in use for 25 years or more. The only major design change for the twenty five cent piece since the Washington Quarter was launched in 1932 had been the one year Bicentennial issue in 1976. The authorizing legislation for the State Quarters explained some of the purposes of the new designs: "To honor the unique Federal Republic of 50 States that comprise the United States; to promote the diffusion of knowledge among the youth of the United States about the individual states, their history and geography, and the rich diversity of the national heritage;" and to encourage "young people and their families to collect memorable tokens of all of the States for the face value of the coins." State Quarter Designs The obverse of each State Quarter bears a consistent design featuring a portrait of George Washington. The design is similar to the prior design of the Washington Quarter series. It bears four inscriptions, some of which previously appeared on the reverse of the quarter. The obverse inscriptions are: "United States of America," "Liberty," "In God We Trust," and "Quarter Dollar." The reverse of each State Quarter carries a design emblematic of one of the 50 States. The authorizing legislation provided some basic guidelines for the design. Each quarter must bear a dignified design of which the citizens of the United States can be proud. No 11

frivolous or inappropriate designs should be selected. In addition, the reverse design cannot use a head and shoulders portrait or bust of any person living or dead. No living person may be included in a design. Inscriptions typically found on all State Quarter reverses include the state name, statehood date, date of mintage, and "E Pluribus Unum." The reverse designs for each quarter were created through consultation with the governor of each state. The governor typically involved the citizens of the State and/or an appointed committee to generate potential design concepts. The United States Mint would generate coin designs based on the concepts, which would be reviewed by the governor, the Commission of Fine Arts, and the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee. Final approval for each design would be at the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury. State Quarter Releases and Mintages State Quarters have been released during the ten year period beginning with 1999 and concluding in 2008. Five different reverse designs have been released per year with the release dates occurring roughly every ten weeks. The order of release was based on the order the states ratified the Constitution or were admitted to the Union. View the full State Quarters Release Schedule. The mintages for each of the 50 State Quarters have varied greatly over the ten year program. The mintages for circulating coins were impacted by a variety of factors such as the economy and the number of coins removed from circulation for collections. The highest mintages occurred in the first few years of the program with eight designs having a mintage over 1 billion from late 1999 to early 2001. The middle and later years of the program experienced the lowest mintages with twelve years having a mintage less than 500 million concentrated in 2003, 2004, and 2008. View the full State Quarter Mintages. After the 50 State Quarters The 50 State Quarters Program reached completion in late 2008 with the release of the Hawaii Quarter. Under a separate provision included in the 2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act, quarters will be issued in 2009 honoring the District of Columbia and the five United States Territories. The familiar obverse design from the State Quarters Program will be used with a unique reverse design for each of the six locations. This separate program is known as the District of Columbia and US Territories Quarters Program. Starting in 2010, another program featuring rotating reverse designs for quarters will be launched. America the Beautiful Quarters were authorized under America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008. A total of 56 different quarters will be released over 12 years featuring a National Park or other National Site in each state, US territory, and the District of Columbia. 12

“State Quarters” Q year map

YEAR 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

STATE Delaware, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania New Jersey, Georgia and Connecticut. Connecticut Massachusetts,, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire and Virginia. New York, North Carolina, Carolina Rhode Island, Vermont and Kentucky. Kentucky Tennessee,, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana and Mississippi. Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri and Arkansas. Michigan, Florida, Texas, Iowa and Wisconsin. California, Minnesota, Minnesota Oregon, Kansas and West Virginia. Nevada, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota. Dakota Montana, Washington, Washington Idaho, Wyoming and Utah. Oklahoma, New Mexico, Mexico Arizona, Alaska and Hawaii. District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands. Islands

13

“State quarters” description

14

1999 State Quarters The 50 State Quarter Program began in 1999 with the first five designs of the series. Coins were issued honoring Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia and Connecticut. As the earliest State Quarters in the series, these coins set the tone for the next nine years to come. The diversity of symbols and themes ranged from a famous historical figure to a tasty fruit!

Delaware State Quarter

Delaware State Quarters were released on January 4, 1999 as the first coin in the State Quarter series. Delaware's original Statehood date was December 7, 1787. The reverse design features Caesar Rodney on horseback. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," "Caesar Rodney," and "The First State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by William Cousins. Caesar Rodney was a delegate to the Continental Congress. He rode 80 miles on horseback to cast the deciding vote in favor of independence. In his lifetime, he held more public offices than any other Delaware citizen. The final design was selected based on a popular vote from the Delaware's citizens after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, and Fine Arts Commission. Two other designs considered but not selected featured a quill pen and parchment and a depiction of Lady Liberty. The Philadelphia mint produced 373,400,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 401,424,000 coins. Proof and Silver proof coins were produced at the San Francisco Mint.

15

Pennsylvania State Quarter

Pennsylvania State Quarters were released on March 8, 1999 as the second coin in the 50 State Quarter Program. Pennsylvania's original Statehood date was December 12, 1787. The reverse design features the statue "Commonwealth," an outline of the state, and a keystone. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and the State motto "Virtue, Liberty, Independence." The coin's reverse was designed by William Cousins and engraved by John Mercanti. The statue was designed by sculptor Roland Hinton Perry and sits atop Pennsylvania's state capitol dome in Harrisburg. The keystone honors the state's nickname "The Keystone State." The design was selected by the governor from four finalist designs after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, and Fine Arts Commission. Initially, more than 5,300 design ideas had been recommended by Pennsylvania citizens and reviewed by a 14-member committee formed by the governor. The Philadelphia mint produced 349,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 358,332,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

16

New Jersey State Quarter

New Jersey State Quarters were released on May 17, 1999 as the third coin in the 50 State Quarter Program. New Jersey's original Statehood date was December 18, 1787. The reverse design features George Washington crossing the Delaware River. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Crossroads of the Revolution." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Alfred Maletsky. The reverse design is based on an 1851 painting by Emmanuel Leutze titled "Washington Crossing the Delaware." It depicts Christmas night in 1776 when George Washington and members of the Colonial Army crossed the Delaware River into New Jersey to perform an important surprise attack. The final design was selected by the New Jersey Commemorative Coin Design Commission, with approval of the governor, after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, and Fine Arts Commission. Notably, the use of this reverse design meant that George Washington appeared on both the obverse and reverse of the coin. The Philadelphia mint produced 363,200,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 299,028,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

17

Georgia State Quarter

Georgia State Quarters were released on July 19, 1999 as the fourth coin in the State Quarter series. Georgia's original Statehood date was January 2, 1788. The reverse design features the Georgia peach, an outline of the state, the state tree, and the state motto. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, and "E Pluribus Unum." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by T. James Ferrell. The Peach is often used as a representation of Georgia. The springs bordering the outline of the state are from the Live Oak, Georgia's state tree. The state motto hangs on a banner above the peach, reading "Wisdom, Justice, Moderation." The final design was selected by the governor after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, Fine Arts Commission, and the Georgia Council for the Arts. The concept of a design incorporating various elements representing the state would be used several more times in the series. The Philadelphia mint produced 451,188,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 488,744,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

18

Connecticut State Quarter

Connecticut State Quarters were released on October 12, 1999 as the fifth coin in the State Quarter series. Connecticut's original Statehood date was January 9, 1788. The reverse design features The Charter Oak of Connecticut. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Charter Oak." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by T. James Farrell. When a British representative for King James II challenged Connecticut's government in 1687, Captain Joseph Wadsworth saved the Connecticut Charter from the hands of the British by hiding it in an oak tree. The famed tree eventually fell during a storm in 1856. The final design was selected by the Connecticut Commission on the arts with the governor's approval after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, and Fine Arts Commission. The initial design came from a submission to the Connecticut Coin Design Competition. There were 112 Connecticut citizens who submitted design concepts, of that number 19 had depicted the Charter Oak. The Philadelphia mint produced 688,744,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 657,880,000 coins. These represent the highest State Quarter mintage figures for the year of 1999. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

19

2000 State Quarters The State Quarter Program continued in 2000 with the next five designs in the series. Coins were issued to honor Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire and Virginia. These designs continued the tradition of displaying the diversity of the various states of the nation, ranging from Colonial themes to a natural rock formation.

Massachusetts State Quarter

Massachusetts State Quarters were released on January 3, 2000 as the sixth coin in the State Quarter series. Massachusetts's original Statehood date was February 6, 1788. The reverse design features "The Minuteman" against an outline of the state. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Bay State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Thomas D. Rodgers Sr. "The Minuteman" is a famous statue that stands guard at the Minuteman National Historical Park in Concord, Massachusetts. The Minutemen were important Revolutionary War forces of regular farmers and colonists who could assemble to fight at a minutes notice. The final design was selected by the governor after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, and Fine Arts Commission. All initial design concepts for the quarter were gathered from Massachusetts elementary school students who had submitted more than 100 different proposals. The Philadelphia mint produced 628,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 535,184,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

20

Maryland State Quarter

Maryland State Quarters were released on March 13, 2000 as the seventh coin in the State Quarter series. Maryland's original Statehood date was April 28, 1788. The reverse design features the Maryland Statehouse. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Old Line State." The coin's reverse was designed by William J. Krawczewicz and engraved by Thomas D. Rodgers The Maryland Statehouse date back to 1772 and is the country's largest wooden dome built without using nails. The Treaty of Paris which ended the Revolutionary War was ratified in the structure. It also served as the nation's first peacetime capital. On the quarter, the dome is surrounded by White oak leaf clusters. The final design was selected by the governor after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, Fine Arts Commission, and the Maryland Commemorative Coin Committee. The mentioned committee was formed for the explicit purpose of evaluating the states proposed quarter designs. The Philadelphia mint produced 678,200,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 556,532,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

21

South Carolina State Quarter

South Carolina State Quarters were released on May 22, 2000 as the eighth coin in the State Quarter series. South Carolina's original Statehood date was May 23, 1788. The reverse design features an outline of the state and a collection of the state's symbols. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Palmetto State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Thomas D. Rodgers The Carolina Wren is the state bird. The Yellow Jessamine is the state flower. The Palmetto Tree is the state tree. All three symbols are featured on the reverse design of the quarter. The final design was selected by the governor after initial review and approval by the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, and Fine Arts Commission. Initial designs were accepted by the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism. They had started accepting design suggestions beginning in 1998. The Philadelphia mint produced 373,400,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 401,424,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

22

New Hampshire State Quarter

New Hampshire State Quarters were released on August 7, 2000 as the ninth coin in the State Quarter series. New Hampshire's original Statehood date was June 21, 1788. The reverse design features a rock formation known as "The Old Man of the Mountain." The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and the state motto "Live Free or Die." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by William Cousins. "The Old Man of the Mountain" is a rock formation on Mount Cannon in Northern New Hampshire. It resembles the profile of an old man gazing eastward. Unfortunately, the formation crumbled in 2003. The reverse design also uses nine stars to symbolize that New Hampshire was the ninth state. The New Hampshire governor had established a committee responsible for holding a design competition for the state's quarter. The committee included representatives from numismatics, historical societies, the Senate, House of Representatives, and Hew Hampshire citizens. The design competition held by the Committee was open to all New Hampshire residents. The final design selected by the Commemorative Quarter Committee was sent to the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury for final approval. The Philadelphia mint produced 673,040,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 495,976,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

23

Virginia State Quarter

Virginia State Quarters were released on October 16, 2000 as the tenth coin in the State Quarter series. Virginia's original Statehood date was June 25, 1788. The reverse design honors the Quadricentennial of Jamestown. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," "Jamestown 16072007" and "Quadricentennial." The coin's reverse was designed by Edgar M. Stevens IV and engraved by Edgar Z. Steever. Jamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in America. The design features three ships named Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery that brought the first English settlers to Jamestown. The settlers arrived on May 12, 1607 and named the settlement in honor of King James I. The final design was selected by the governor after receiving input from the citizens of Virginia. The design concept was sent to the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury for final approval. Initially, there were thousands of design ideas received from the public. Notably, the Jamestown Settlement was also the subject of a commemorative coin program later released in 2007, the year of the actual 400th anniversary. The Philadelphia mint produced 943,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 651,616,000 coins. With a combined mintage of nearly 1.6 billion, this marked the highest mintage any State Quarter for the entire series.

24

2001 State Quarters The State Quarter Program continued in 2001 with the next five designs in the series. State Quarters were issued to honor New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont and Kentucky. This year contained many memorable and iconic designs including New York's Statue of Liberty design and North Carolina's depiction of the First Flight.

New York State Quarter

New York State Quarters were released on January 2, 2001 as the eleventh coin in the State Quarter series. New York's original Statehood date was July 26, 1788. The reverse design features the Statue of Liberty over an outline of New York State. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Gateway to Freedom." The coin's reverse was designed by Daniel Carr and engraved by Alfred Maletsky. The Statue of Liberty is celebrated as the point of entry for millions of immigrants who came to America. The statue was a gift from France given on October 28, 1886. The outline of New York State includes a path traced from the Hudson River to the Erie Canal. The final design was selected by a popular vote from the citizens of New York. The design was sent to the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury for final approval. Initially, there were hundreds of design concepts received from the public with subjects including the Battle of Saratoga, Henry Hudson, and the New York Federal Building. The Philadelphia mint produced 619,640,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 655,400,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

25

North Carolina State Quarter

North Carolina State Quarters were released on March 12, 2001 as the twelfth coin in the State Quarter series. North Carolina's original Statehood date was November 21, 1789. The reverse design features the first successful airplane flight. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "First Flight." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by John Mercanti. The historical "First Flight" took place at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903. The Wright Brothers successfully flew their plane called the Flyer for a distance of 120 feet. The final design for the North Carolina Quarter was selected by the governor and the North Carolina Commemorative Coin Committee. The design was sent to the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury for final approval. Some of the design concepts suggested but not used were the Hatteras Lighthouse and the Flyer superimposed on an outline of the state. Notably, the First Flight was also later featured on a series of commemorative coins issued in 2003 for the occasion's 100th anniversary. The Philadelphia mint produced 627,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 427,876,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

26

Rhode Island State Quarter

Rhode Island State Quarters were released on May 21, 2001 as the thirteenth coin in the State Quarter series. Rhode Island's original Statehood date was May 29, 1790. The reverse design features a sailboat on the open sea. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Ocean State." The coin's reverse was designed by Daniel Carr and engraved by Thomas D. Rodgers. The sailboat on is shown in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island with the Pell Bridge in the background. The state has over 400 miles of coastline and over 100 beaches. The final design for the Rhode Island Quarter was decided by a popular vote from the citizens of Rhode Island, capturing 57% of the votes cast. The design was sent to the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury for final approval. Initially, there were more than 500 of design concepts received for consideration. The Philadelphia mint produced 423,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 447,100,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

27

Vermont State Quarter

Vermont State Quarters were released on August 6, 2001 as the fourteenth coin in the State Quarter series. Vermont's original Statehood date was May 4, 1791. The reverse design features sap collection from maple trees. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Freedom and Unity." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by T. James Farrell. Vermont is famous for its skiing and maple syrup. The quarter features Camel's Hump Mountain in the background. Sap is being collected in buckets from the Maple Trees. The final design for the Vermont Quarter was selected by the governor after receiving input from the citizens of Vermont. The design concept was sent to the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury for final approval. Initially there were five design concepts considered, which each featured the Camel's Hump Mountain. The Philadelphia mint produced 423,400,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 459,404,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

28

Kentucky State Quarter

Kentucky State Quarters were released on October 15, 2001 as the fifteenth coin in the State Quarter series. Kentucky's original Statehood date was June 1, 1792. The reverse design features "My Old Kentucky Home." The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "My Old Kentucky Home." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by T. James Farrell. The stately mansion, Federal Hill, is shown with a thoroughbred racehorse in the foreground. Kentucky is famous for its racehorses and the annual Kentucky Derby. The state song is "My Old Kentucky Home." The final design was selected by popular vote from the residents of Kentucky. Over 50,000 residents cast their votes during the three day voting period. The design was sent to the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury for final approval. Initially more than 1,800 design suggestions had been provided by Kentucky citizens. The Philadelphia mint produced 353,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 370,564,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

29

2002 State Quarters The 50 State Quarter Program continued in 2002 with the first five designs of the series. Coins were issued honoring Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana and Mississippi. Several of the quarters featured collections of symbols related to their respective State. This became a popular way of designing State Quarters to include many aspects of a state.

Tennessee State Quarter

Tennessee State Quarters were released on January 2, 2002 as the sixteenth coin in the State Quarter series. Tennessee's original Statehood date was June 1, 1796. The reverse design celebrates the state's musical heritage. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, and "E Pluribus Unum." A banner reads "Musical Heritage." The coin's reverse was designed by Shawn Stookey and engraved by Donna Weaver. Pictured are a collection of instruments including the fiddle, the trumpet, and the guitar. Each represents a different type of music specifically Appalachian music, the blues, and country music. The country music capital of the world is Nashville, Tennessee. A statewide design contest generated almost 1,000 submissions. A commission created by the governor narrowed the submissions to three finalists which were sent to the US Mint for approval. The final design was selected by the governor. The Philadelphia mint produced 361,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 286,468,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

30

Ohio State Quarter

Ohio State Quarters were released on March 11, 2002 as the seventeenth coin in the State Quarter series. Ohio's original Statehood date was March 1, 1803. The reverse design honors the state's place in the history of aviation. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Birthplace of Aviation Pioneers." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Donna Weaver. Astronauts Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon, and John Glenn, the first American in space, were both born in Ohio. Orville Wright was also born in Ohio. An early aircraft is pictured. Popular vote was used to determine the top four design concepts. These were forwarded to the mint for approval. The final design was selected by the governor. More than 7,000 designs were initially submitted and over 40,000 residents took part in the design voting. The four finalist design concepts had also included state symbols, aviation and aerospace, and the spirit of invention. The Philadelphia mint produced 217,200,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 414,832,000 coins. This was the lowest combined mintage for the 2002 State Quarters. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

31

Louisiana State Quarter

Louisiana State Quarters were released on May 20, 2002 as the eighteenth coin in the State Quarter series. Louisiana's original Statehood date was April 30, 1812. The reverse design features the Louisiana Purchase and other symbols of the state. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Louisiana Purchase." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by John Mercanti. Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from the French for a sum of $15 million in 1803. This purchase added thirteen new states to the Union. The trumpet is pictured to symbolize the Louisiana's contribution to jazz, which was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Pelican is also pictured as the state bird. After soliciting designs from the residents of the state, five were sent to the US Mint for approval. The final design was chosen by the governor. Over 1,000 submissions were provided for design concepts, with the majority coming from students. The Philadelphia mint produced 362,000,000 Louisiana State Quarters. The Denver mint produced 402,204,000. This marked the highest combined mintage for the 2002 State Quarters. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

32

Indiana State Quarter

Indiana State Quarters were released on August 2, 2002 as the nineteenth coin in the State Quarter series. Indiana's original Statehood date was December 11, 1816. The reverse design features a race car over an outline of the state. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Crossroads of America." The coin's reverse was designed by Josh Harvey and engraved by Donna Weaver. Indiana is home to the famous Indianapolis 500 car race. The race has been run every year since 1911 and is the oldest auto race in the world. The design includes nineteen stars to signify Indiana as the nineteenth state. Design concept submissions for the Indiana Quarter reached 3,736 different designs. A round of semi-finalists was narrowed to four final design concepts which were sent to the United States Mint. The governor selected the final design. The other final design concepts included sports icons, state symbols, and Chief Little Turtle of the Miami Indians. The Philadelphia mint produced 362,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 327,600,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

33

Mississippi State Quarter

Mississippi State Quarters were released on October 15, 2002 as the twentieth coin in the State Quarter series. Mississippi's original Statehood date was December 10, 1817. The reverse design features the state flower. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Magnolia State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Donna Weaver. The magnolia is the state flower of Mississippi. It can have white flowers as large as 15 inches across. It has unofficially been the state flower since 1900 and was officially adopted in 1952. The governor of Mississippi had provided three design concepts to the United States Mint. These included the Magnolia design, a different Magnolia design with a branch, and a mockingbird. The governor selected the design featuring the Magnolia flower. The Philadelphia mint produced 290,000,000 Mississippi Quarters and the Denver Mint produced 289,600,000. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

34

2003 State Quarters The State Quarter Program continued in 2003 with the next five designs in the series. Coins were issued to honor Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri and Arkansas. This year designs included two famous individuals. Abraham Lincoln and Helen Keller were honored on the Illinois and Alabama State Quarters.

Illinois State Quarter

Illinois State Quarters were released on January 2, 2003 as the twenty-first coin in the State Quarter series. Illinois's original Statehood date was December 3, 1818. The reverse design features a young Abraham Lincoln before an outline of the state. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," "Land of Lincoln," and "21st State Century." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Donna Weaver. Abraham Lincoln lived and practiced law in Springfield, Illinois before becoming President. A farm scene and the Chicago skyline are on either side of the outline of the state. Twenty-one stars signify Illinois as the twenty-first state. A fourteen member committee reviewed approximately 6,000 designs and forwarded three concepts to the United States Mint. The governor selected the final design "Land of Lincoln-21st State/Century." Other finalist designs had included state symbols, Illinois history, and agriculture and industry. The Philadelphia mint produced 225,800,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 237,400,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

35

Alabama State Quarter

Alabama State Quarters were released on March 17, 2003 as the twenty-second coin in the State Quarter series. Alabama's original Statehood date was December 14, 1819. The reverse design features Helen Keller reading Braille. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," "Helen Keller" and a banner reading "Spirit of Courage." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Norman E. Nemeth. Helen Keller was born in Alabama and lost her sight and hearing after an illness. She managed to learn to read and write and graduate college with honors. The reverse of the quarter includes her name written in Braille. An open competition for designs was held for the Alabama Quarter. Of the thousands of submissions from students, three concepts were chosen and forwarded to the United States Mint. The governor selected the final design featuring Helen Keller, "Spirit of Courage." The other finalist concepts included Alabama's role in social movements and Alabama's social and economic history. The Philadelphia mint produced 225,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 232,400,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

36

Maine State Quarter

Maine State Quarters were released on June 2, 2003 as the twenty-third coin in the State Quarter series. Maine's original Statehood date was March 15, 1820. The reverse design features a famous lighthouse near the sea. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, and "E Pluribus Unum." The coin's reverse was designed by Daniel Carr and engraved by Donna Weaver. The Permaquid Point Light is located in New Harbor at the entrance to Muscongus Bay and Johns Bay. The lighthouse was constructed in 1826, but later rebuilt. It is one of the state's most popular tourist attractions. With the help of the Commission on the Maine State Quarter Design, the governor selected four design concepts to send to the US Mint. The final selection was made based on a popular vote with over 100,000 participating. Other finalist designs included Mount Katahdin, "Nation's First Light", and "Where America's Day Begins". The Philadelphia mint produced 217,400,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 231,400,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

37

Missouri State Quarter

Missouri State Quarters were released on August 4, 2003 as the twenty-fourth coin in the State Quarter series. Missouri's original Statehood date was August 10, 1821. The reverse design features Lewis and Clark's return to St. Louis. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," "Corps of Discovery," and the years "1804" and "2004." The coin's reverse was designed by Paul Jackson and engraved by Alfred Maletsky. Lewis and Clark are returning to St. Louis via the Mississippi River after their journey through the uncharted Louisiana Territory. They began the journey in 1804 and returned in 1806. The reverse design also features the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial or "Gateway Arch" in the background. The Missouri Commemorative Design Committee narrowed over 3,000 concept designs to twelve finalists. The public voted on five concepts to send to the United States Mint. An online vote by Missouri residents determined the "Corps of Discovery 1804-2004" as the winner. Other concepts considered but not chosen include the Pony Express, the westward expansion, and a riverboat. The Philadelphia mint produced 225,000,000 Missouri Quarters and the Denver mint produced 228,200,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

38

Arkansas State Quarter

Arkansas State Quarters were released on October 20, 2003 as the twenty-fifth coin in the State Quarter series. Arkansas's original Statehood date was August 10, 1821. The reverse design features rice stalks, a diamond, and a mallard. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, and "E Pluribus Unum." The coin's reverse was designed by Dortha Scott and engraved by John Mercanti. Arkansas is home to the Crater of Diamonds State Park, the oldest diamond mine in North America. The reverse design features a mallard flying above a lake to represent the state's many natural lakes. Rice stalks are also used since Arkansas is the leading producer of grain in the United States. The governor organized the Arkansas Quarter Challenge, which resulted in more than 9,000 entries. A final selection was sent to the US Mint. The governor made the final design selection. Other concepts considered but not chosen included Arkansas' natural resources and the State Capitol Building. The Philadelphia mint produced 228,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 229,800,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

39

2004 State Quarters The State Quarter Program continued in 2004 with the next five designs in the series. State Quarters were issued to honor Michigan, Florida, Texas, Iowa and Wisconsin. Once again several states used the collection of symbols style of design. The Wisconsin Quarter is based on a famous painting; the prior New Jersey coin used the same strategy.

Michigan State Quarter

Michigan State Quarters were released on January 26, 2004 as the twenty-sixth coin in the State Quarter series. Michigan's original Statehood date was January 26, 1837. The reverse design features Michigan and the Great Lakes. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Great Lakes State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Donna Weaver. The five Great Lakes are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. Four of the five lakes border Michigan and much of the state history is tied to the lakes. A twenty-five member Michigan Quarter Commission reviewed over 4,000 design submissions from the state's residents. Five designs were chosen and forwarded to the US Mint. The governor selected the final design after consultation with the Commission. Other designs which were considered included the Great Lakes and State Icons, Mackinac Bridge, and the Automobile. The Philadelphia mint produced 233,800,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 225,800,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

40

Florida State Quarter

Florida State Quarters were released on March 29, 2004 as the twenty-seventh coin in the State Quarter series. Florida's original Statehood date was March 3, 1845. The reverse design features a Spanish galleon, the Space Shuttle, and palm trees. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Gateway to Discovery." The coin's reverse was designed by Ralph Butler and engraved by T. James Farrell. The 16th century Spanish galleon represents the state's beginnings as a starting point for discovery. Florida is home of the Kennedy Space Center, from which this eras most important space expeditions were launched. The reverse also features Sabal palm trees. The nine person Florida Commemorative Quarter Committee reviewed 1,500 design concepts and sent ten to the governor. He selected five to forward to the United States Mint. The final design was selected based on a public vote from Florida residents. Other designs which were considered for the Florida Quarter included the Everglades, St. Augustine, America's Spaceport, and a fishing theme. The Philadelphia mint produced 240,200,000 Florida Quarters and the Denver mint produced 241,600,000. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

41

Texas State Quarter

Texas State Quarters were released on June 1, 2004 as the twenty-eighth coin in the State Quarter series. Texas's original Statehood date was December 29, 1845. The reverse design features a lone star and an outline of Texas. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Lone Star State." The coin's reverse was designed by Daniel Miller and engraved by Norman E. Nemeth. The Lone Star comes from the original flag for the Republic of Texas and later the State flag. A lariat encircles the state as a symbol of the cattle and cowboy history of Texas. An advisory committee worked with the Texas Numismatic Association to selection finalist designs from over 2,500 submissions. The governor made the final design selection and sent it to the United States Mint. The Philadelphia mint produced 263,000,000 Texas Quarters while the Denver mint produced 278,800,000. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

42

Iowa State Quarter

Iowa State Quarters were released on August 30, 2004 as the twenty-ninth coin in the State Quarter series. Iowa's original Statehood date was December 28, 1846. The reverse design of the Iowa Quarter features a one room schoolhouse. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Foundation in Education." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by John Mercanti after a Grant Wood painting. The design is based on a painting by Grant Wood titled "Arbor Day." Beside the one room schoolhouse, the teacher and students are planting a tree. The reverse also shows the state's commitment to education and agriculture. The sixteen members Iowa Quarter Commission reviewed nearly 2,000 design submissions from the state's residents. Five candidate themes were sent to the United States Mint. The governor made the final design selection "Foundation in Education." Other designs considered included "American Gothic", "Feeding the World", "Sullivan Brothers", and "Beautiful Land". The Philadelphia mint produced 213,800,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 251,400,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

43

Wisconsin State Quarter

Wisconsin State Quarters were released on October 25, 2004 as the thirtieth coin in the State Quarter series. Wisconsin's original Statehood date was May 29, 1848. The reverse design of the Wisconsin Quarter features a cow, cheese, and an ear of corn. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and a banner with the word "Forward." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Alfred Maletsky. Wisconsin produces over 15% of the Nation's milk and over 250 varieties of cheese. Wisconsin is also one of the main corn producers of the United States. The banner "Forward" is the state's motto due to its drive to become a national leader. The 23 member Wisconsin Commemorative Quarter Council reviewed over 9,000 design suggestions from the state's residents and narrowed them to six finalists. A state vote determined the top three to be forwarded to the United States Mint. A statewide vote selected the final design. Other designs considered included "Scenic Wisconsin" and "Early Exploration and Cultural Interaction". The Philadelphia mint produced 226,400,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 226,800,000 coins. The Wisconsin State Quarter had the lowest mintage of all of the 2004 Quarters. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

44

2005 State Quarters The State Quarter Program continued in 2005 with the next five designs in the series. Coins were issued to honor California, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas and West Virginia. This year three of the quarter featured settings from National Parks. This included California with the Yosemite National Park, Oregon with Crater Lake National Park, and West Virginia with New River Gorge National Park.

California State Quarter

California State Quarters were released on January 31, 2005 as the thirty-first coin in the State Quarter series. California's original Statehood date was September 9, 1850. The reverse design of the California Quarter features conservationist and naturalist John Muir. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," "John Muir," and "Yosemite Valley." The coin's reverse was designed by Garrett Burke and engraved by Don Everhart. John Muir overlooks the granite headwall known as "Half Dome" in the Yosemite Valley. He had devoted his life to the conservation of natural beauty. After Yosemite National Park was established, he helped form a club to protect it. The quarter also includes the California condor, which was successfully repopulated after near extinction. The 20 member California State Quarter Commission reviewed designs and selected 20 finalists. The governor narrowed the list to five which were sent to the United States Mint for review. The final design was selected by the governor. Other designs considered included "Waves and Sun", "Gold Miner", "Golden Gate Bridge", and "Giant Sequoia". The Philadelphia mint produced 257,200,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 263,200,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

45

Minnesota State Quarter

Minnesota State Quarters were released on April 4, 2005 as the thirty-second coin in the State Quarter series. Minnesota's original Statehood date was May 11, 1858. The reverse design of the Minnesota Quarter features two people fishing on a lake. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Land of 10,000 Lakes" imposed on an outline of the state. The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Charles Vickers. The state of Minnesota contains over 15,000 lakes. The quarter depicts one of the lakes lined with Norway Pine Trees. Two people are fishing on the lake and a loon on the water is in the foreground. A textured outline of the state contains the state nickname. The Minnesota governor announced the selection of the "Land of 10,000 Lakes" design. It was recommended to him by the Minnesota State Quarter Commission. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other designs considered for the Minnesota Quarter included state symbols, a snowflake, loon and plow, and a lake recreation theme. The Philadelphia mint produced 239,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 248,400,000 coins. The Minnesota State Quarter had the lowest mintage of all of the 2005 Quarters. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

46

Oregon State Quarter

Oregon State Quarters were released on June 6, 2005 as the thirty-third coin in the State Quarter series. Oregon's original Statehood date was February 14, 1859. The reverse design of the Oregon Quarter features a portion of Crater Lake. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Crater Lake." The coin's reverse was designed by Donna Waver and engraved by Norman Nemeth. Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States with a depth of up to 1,949. This also makes it the seventh deepest lake in the world. It was formed by the collapse of Mount Mazama. The lake boasts incredible clarity due to the lack of incoming streams and rivers. Crater Lake National Park was formed in 1902 with the lake as its main highlight. The governor choose the Crater Lake design. This design was the recommendation of the 18 member Oregon Commemorative Coin Commission. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other designs considered for the Oregon State Quarter included Oregon Trail, Mount Hood, and a wild salmon. The Philadelphia mint produced 316,200,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 404,000,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

47

Kansas State Quarter

Kansas State Quarters were released on August 29, 2005 as the thirty-fourth coin in the State Quarter series. The original Statehood date of Kansas was January 29, 1861. The reverse design of the Kansas Quarter features a buffalo and sunflower. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, and "E Pluribus Unum." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Norman Nemeth. The reverse design features the state animal and state flower of Kansas. Both were found in abundance when the Kansas gained its statehood and are proud symbols of the Nation's heartland. The 16 member Kansas Commemorative Coin Commission was created by the governor to narrow the proposed designs to four finalists. The state's high school students then voted for the "Buffalo and Sunflower" design as the winner. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other finalist designs included the statue on the State Capitol, an American Indian archer, a sunflower and wheat, and a single sunflower. The Philadelphia mint produced 163,400,000 Kansas Quarters with the Denver mint producing 300,000,000. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

48

West Virginia State Quarter

West Virginia State Quarters were released on October 14, 2005 as the thirty-fifth coin in the State Quarter series. West Virginia's original Statehood date was June 20, 1863. The reverse design of the West Virginia Quarter features the New River and the New River Gorge Bridge. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "New River Gorge." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by John Mercanti. Prior to becoming a state, West Virginia was a part of Virginia. The state was admitted into the union on the condition that they abolish slavery. The New River Gorge Bridge is 3,030 feet in length. This makes it the world's largest steel span. The bridge is also the second highest in the United States. The New River is part of the National Park System as the New River Gorge National River. More than 1,800 designs concepts were collected from around the State. Students from the Governor's School for the Arts narrowed the entries down to five finalists. The governor selected the New River Gorge design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other finalist designs for the West Virginia Quarter had included the Appalachians, Bridge Day, river rafters, and Mother's Day. The Philadelphia mint produced 365,400,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 356,200,000 coins. The West Virginia State Quarter had the highest mintage of all of the 2005 Quarters. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

49

2006 State Quarters The State Quarter Program continued in 2006 with the next five designs in the series. State Quarters were issued to honor Nevada, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota. This year's designs featured a nice array of many natural beauties. This includes Chimney Rock for Nebraska, the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and the North Dakota Badlands.

Nevada State Quarter

Nevada State Quarters were released on January 31, 2006 as the thirty-sixth coin in the State Quarter series. Nevada's original Statehood date was October 31, 1864. The reverse design of the Nevada Quarter features three wild mustangs. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and a banner with the motto "The Silver State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Don Everhart. More than half of the wild horses in the United States live in Nevada. Three wild horses are depicted beneath a rising sun. There are snow capped mountains in the background and sage bush along the borders. The 18 member Nevada State Quarter Commission reviewed submissions for design ideas from around the state. They forwarded five selections to the United States Mint. A statewide vote from the citizens of Nevada selected the final design featuring the galloping horses. More than 60,000 votes were cast. Other concepts considered for the Nevada Quarter included native artifacts, a silver miner, and a Big Horn Sheep, and a pair of pick axes with a stylized star. The Philadelphia mint produced 277,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 312,800,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

50

Nebraska State Quarter

Nebraska State Quarters were released on April 3, 2006 as the thirty-seventh coin in the State Quarter series. The original statehood date of Nebraska was March 1, 1867. The reverse design of the Nebraska Quarter features Chimney Rock and an ox drawn wagon. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Chimney Rock." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Charles Vickers. Chimney Rock is a designated National Historic Site. The national formation rises from the valley of the North Platte River to a height of 445 feet from base to top. The ox drawn carriage is carrying pioneers westward during America's great westward expansion. The sun is in full view above the wagon. The Nebraska State Quarter Design Committee reviewed almost 6,500 quarter designs from the state's citizens. Four were selected and forwarded to the United States Mint. The Nebraska governor selected the Chimney Rock design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other finalist designs for the Nebraska Quarter included the State Capitol, the statue atop the Capitol, and Chief Standing Bear. The Philadelphia mint produced 318,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 276,400,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

51

Colorado State Quarter

Colorado State Quarters were released on June 14, 2006 as the thirty-eighth coin in the State Quarter series. Colorado's original Statehood date was August 1, 1876. The reverse design of the Colorado Quarter features the Rocky Mountains. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and a banner reading "Colorful Colorado." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Norman Nemeth. Colorado's Rocky Mountains contains many natural wonders of the United States. The reverse design shows a sweeping view of the mountains with evergreen trees in the foreground. The governor formed the Colorado Commemorative Quarter Advisory Commission. After reviewing more than 1,500 designs, five finalists were forwarded to the United States Mint. The governor selected "Colorful Colorado" as his design choice. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other concepts considered for the Colorado Quarter included Mesa Verde, Pines Peak, and the 10th Mountain Division. The Philadelphia mint produced 274,800,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 294,200,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

52

North Dakota State Quarter

North Dakota State Quarters were released on August 28, 2006 as the thirty-ninth coin in the State Quarter series. North Dakota's original Statehood date was November 2, 1889. The North Dakota Quarter reverse design features two American Bison. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, and "E Pluribus Unum." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Donna Weaver. The North Dakota Badlands are featured in the background of the coin. In the mid 1800s, herds of American Bison or buffalo roamed the region. The area is now a National Park and home to more than 400 buffalo. The governor created a nine member commission to solicit and review design narratives from the state's citizens. The commission selected three design concepts and forwarded them to the United States Mint. The governor recommended the Badlands with Bison design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other North Dakota State Quarter designs that had been considered included migrating waterfowl and the agriculture industry represented by an aerial view of a modern farm. The Philadelphia mint produced 305,800,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 359,000,000 coins. The North Dakota Quarter had the highest combined mintage of all 2006 State Quarters. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

53

South Dakota State Quarter

South Dakota State Quarters were released on November 6, 2006 as the fortieth coin in the State Quarter series. This was the fifth and final release for the year 2006. South Dakota's original Statehood date was November 2, 1889. The reverse design of the South Dakota Quarter features Mount Rushmore. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, and "E Pluribus Unum." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by John Mercanti. Mount Rushmore National Monument features likenesses of four American Presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The reverse design also includes the Chinese ring necked pheasant, which is the state bird of South Dakota. The entire design is bordered by wheat ears. The South Dakota Quarter Advisory Committee accepted and reviewed ideas from the state's citizens. Five possible design concepts were selected and forwarded to the United States Mint. The governor selected the Mount Rushmore and Pheasant design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other designs considered included a three-quarter view of Mount Rushmore, the America Bison, and the Chinese Ring-necked Pheasant. The Philadelphia mint produced 245,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 265,800,000 coins. The South Dakota Quarter had the lowest mintage for all State Quarters released during 2006. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

54

2007 State Quarters The State Quarter Program neared completion in 2007 with the next five designs in the series. Coins were issued to honor Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah. This year's quarters featured a wide array of designs from the simple but striking design of the Wyoming Quarter to symbolic design of the Utah Quarter.

Montana State Quarter

Montana State Quarters were released on January 29, 2007 as the forty-first coin in the State Quarter series. This was the first release for the 2007 State Quarters. Montana's original Statehood date was November 8, 1889. The reverse of the Montana Quarter features a bison skull. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Big Sky Country." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Don Everhart. The bison skull is a sacred symbol for many of Montana's American Indian tribes. In contemporary times, the symbol is still used throughout the state on schools, businesses, and license plates. The background of the quarter displays some of the diverse landscape of Montana. The governor of Montana created the Montana Quarter Design Selection Commission to recommend designs. Four finalist designs were forwarded to the United States Mint. The "Bison Skull" design was selected by a public vote. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other designs considered for the Montana State Quarter included a bull elk, an outline of the state, and the big sky river. The Philadelphia mint produced 257,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 256,240,000 coins. The Montana Quarter had the lowest mintage for all State Quarters released during 2007. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

55

Washington State Quarter

Washington State Quarters were released on April 2, 2007 as the forty-second coin in the State Quarter series. This was the second release for the 2007 State Quarters. Washington's original Statehood date was November 11, 1889. The reverse design of the Washington State Quarter features a leaping king salmon. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Evergreen State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Charles Vickers. The king salmon featured in the reverse design is leaping out of the water in front of Mount Rainer. This active volcano is covered in greater than 35 miles of snow and ice. The salmon is an image of Pacific Northwest culture fitting for the state quarter. The governor formed the Washington State Quarter Advisory Commission to review design submissions from the state's residents. From over 1,500 submissions, five were chosen to send to the United States Mint. The final decision was made based on a statewide vote. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other concepts considered included an apple within the outline of the state, and a salmon. The Philadelphia mint produced 265,200,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 280,000,000 coins. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

56

Idaho State Quarter

Idaho State Quarters were released on June 4, 2007 as the forty-third coin in the State Quarter series. This also marked the third release for the year 2007. Idaho's original Statehood date was July 3, 1890. The reverse design of the Idaho Quarter features the Peregrine Falcon. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Esto Perpetua." The coin's reverse was designed by Don Everhart and engraved by Donna Weaver. The Peregrine Falcon was once on the endangered species list. As a result of conservation efforts, the bird can now be found throughout Idaho and other areas of the United States. It is one of the fastest birds in the world. The motto "Esto Perpetua" is the State's motto which means "May it be Forever." The Idaho Commission for the Arts collected design concepts from the State's citizens. Four final concepts were forwarded to the United States Mint. The governor later made the final recommendation, which was subsequently approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. Other designs considered for the Idaho State Quarter included a depiction of the farmlands of Idaho and the state song with lyrics. The Philadelphia mint produced 294,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 286,800,000 coins. The Idaho Quarter had the highest overall mintage of all State Quarters produced in 2007. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

57

Wyoming State Quarter

Wyoming State Quarters were released on September 3, 2007 as the forty-fourth coin in the State Quarter series. This was the fourth release for the year 2007. Wyoming's original Statehood date was July 10, 1890. The reverse design of the Wyoming Quarter features the outline of a bucking horse. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Equality State." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Norman E. Nemeth. The outline of the bucking horse and rider represent Wyoming's Wild West heritage. The state was a popular destination for pioneers traveling on the Oregon Trail. The state's nickname, "The Equality State," is derived from the fact that Wyoming was the first state to establish equal voting rights for women. The governor formed the Wyoming Coinage Advisory Committee to solicit and review design narratives from the State's citizens. The United States Mint then developed designs based on the top five concepts. The governor selected the bucking horse design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other concepts considered for the Wyoming Quarter included a depiction of Old Faithful Geyser from Yellowstone National Park and other depiction of the bucking horse and rider. The Philadelphia mint produced 243,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 320,800,000 coins. Proof and silver proof coins were also produced at the San Francisco Mint for inclusion in US Mint issued proof sets.

58

Utah State Quarter

Utah State Quarters were released on November 5, 2007 as the forty-fifth coin in the State Quarter series. This also marked the final release for the year 2007. Utah's original Statehood date was January 4, 1896. The Utah Quarter reverse design features two locomotives moving towards a golden spike. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Crossroads of the West." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Joseph Menna. The quarter's reverse design represents the famous joining of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads. On May 10, 1869, a ceremonial golden spike joined the two railroads and completed the transcontinental route. This made cross country travel easier and cheaper to accomplish. It also symbolized the change from an agrarian society to an industrialized one. The Utah Commemorative Quarter Commission collected narrative submissions from the state's citizens. Three final concepts were selected and sent to the United States Mint from over 5,000 submissions. A statewide vote was held to select the final design. Over 150,000 votes were cast. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other design concepts considered for the Utah State Quarter included a beehive, part of the official seal and emblem of Utah, and a winter sports theme. The Philadelphia mint produced 255,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 253,200,000 coins. The Utah Quarter had the lowest combined total mintage of all of the 2007 State Quarters. The San Francisco Mint produced clad proof and 90% silver proof coins for inclusion in government issued proof sets.

59

2008 State Quarters The State Quarter Program concluded in 2008 with the final five designs in the series. Coins were issued to honor Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Alaska and Hawaii. The final five designs were an excellent way to end the series. Each State Quarter design was striking and well defined. They primarily focus on a single element rather than the middle year quarters which were often conglomerations of symbols.

Oklahoma State Quarter

Oklahoma State Quarters were released on January 28, 2008 as the forty-sixth coin in the State Quarter series. This was the first release in the series for the year 2008. Oklahoma's original Statehood date was November 16, 1907. The Oklahoma Quarter reverse design features the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum." The coin's reverse was designed by Susan Gamble and engraved by Phebe Hemphill. The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is Oklahoma's state bird. The design depicts the bird with its distinctive tail feathers spread. Beneath the bird, there is also the state wildflower called the Indian Blanket in a field of wildflowers. Citizens of Oklahoma submitted over 1,000 narratives as design concepts for the new quarter. This was narrowed to five, which were sent to the United States Mint. Of the artistic design renderings, the governor chose the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher design due to overwhelming support of the citizen votes. Other design concepts considered for the Oklahoma Quarter, but not used were depictions of a pioneer woman with a windmill and oil derrick, state outline and oil derrick, and state outline and calumet. The Philadelphia mint produced 222,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 194,600,000 coins. The Oklahoma Quarter has the lowest overall mintage for the entire State Quarter series. 60

New Mexico State Quarter

New Mexico State Quarters were released on April 7, 2008 as the forty-seventh coin in the State Quarter series. This was the second quarter release for the year 2008. New Mexico's original Statehood date was January 6, 1912. The reverse design of the New Mexico Quarter features the Zia Sun Symbol. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "Land of Enchantment." The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Don Everhart. The Zia Sun Symbol represents the giver of all good, who provided gifts in groups of four. The circle at the center represents life and love without beginning or end. The four rays represent the four directions, four seasons, four phases of the day, and four divisions of life. The reverse design also features a topographical map of the state. The governor appointed members to the New Mexico Coin Commission. The members solicited and reviewed over 1,000 design concepts. They constructed designs based on popular elements of submitted ideas and forwarded them to the United States Mint. The governor selected the Zia Sun Symbol design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. The Philadelphia mint produced 244,200,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 244,400,000 coins. Proof and 90% silver proof coins were also produced at the San Francisco Mint.

61

Arizona State Quarter

Arizona State Quarters were released on June 2, 2008 as the forty-eighth coin in the State Quarter series. This was the third release for the year 2008. Arizona's original Statehood date was February 14, 1912. The reverse design of the Arizona Quarter features a rendition of the Grand Canyon. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and a banner reading "Grand Canyon State." The coin's reverse was designed by Joel Iskowitz and sculpted by Joseph Menna. Arizona was the last state admitted in the continental United States. The design features the Grand Canyon, which is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is also part of the United States National Park System. The canyon is 6,000 feet deep at its deepest. The reverse design also contains the Saguaro cactus in the foreground. The governor appointed the Arizona Quarter Commission to solicit design suggestions from the state's citizens. From over 4,200 ideas, five were chosen to forward to the United States Mint for artistic renderings. An online poll of the state's citizens was held to select the final design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. Other designs considered but not selected featured the Navajo Code Talkers and the John Wesley Powell expedition of the Grand Canyon. The Philadelphia mint produced 244,600,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 265,000,000 coins. Additionally, coins were produced at the San Francisco Mint in proof and 90% silver proof for inclusion in US Mint issued proof sets.

62

Alaska State Quarter

Alaska State Quarters were released on August 25, 2008 as the forty-ninth coin in the State Quarter series. This was the fourth release for the year 2008. Alaska's original Statehood date was January 3, 1959. The Alaska Quarter reverse design features a grizzly bear with salmon. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "The Great Land." The coin's reverse was designed by Susan Gamble and engraved by Charles Vickers. The grizzly bear and salmon symbolize the natural beauty and wildlife which are abundant in the vast state of Alaska. More than 98% of the grizzly bear population of the United States resides in Alaska. The state was purchased from Russia in 1867 for the sum of $7.2 million. Alaska's abundant gold and oil resources made the purchase an incredible investment! The governor appointed an eleven member Alaska Commemorative Coin Commission to solicit and review design concepts. Out of more than 850 submissions, four were chosen to send to the United States Mint for artistic renderings. The governor selected the grizzly bear design, which was later officially approved by the Department of the Treasury. Other Alaska Quarter designs considered, but not selected included a polar bear, Mount McKinley, and a gold pannier. The Philadelphia mint produced 251,800,000 Alaska Quarters and the Denver mint produced 254,000,000. The San Francisco Mint produced proof and silver proof coins for inclusion within government issued proof sets.

63

Hawaii State Quarter

Hawaii State Quarters were released on November 3, 2008 as the fiftieth and final coin in the State Quarter series. Hawaii's original Statehood date was August 21, 1959. The reverse design features a statue of Kamehameha I. The inscriptions include the State name, Statehood date, mintage date, "E Pluribus Unum," and "UA MAU KE EA O KA 'AINA I KA PONO." (The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness.) The coin's reverse was designed and engraved by Don Everhart. King Kamehameha I unified the governance of the Hawaiian Islands in the early 1800s. He navigated through modern changes while maintaining the native practices and traditional ways of island life. The reverse design depicts the ruler with an outstretched hand towards the eight main Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii Commemorative Quarter Advisory Commission was composed of 36 leaders and students from around the state. They solicited design themes from the state's citizens and forwarded five to the United States Mint for artistic renderings. An online poll was used to determine the state's favorite design. The US Treasury Department later gave final approval of the design. A special release ceremony took place on November 10, 2008 at Bishop Square in downtown Honolulu, Hawaii. The ceremony featured a children's hula performance and Hawaiian music. Attendees were allowed to exchange bills for $10 rolls of Hawaii Quarters. The Philadelphia mint produced 254,000,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 263,600,000 coins.

64

2009 D.C. & U.S. Territories Quarter This separate program authorized six additional quarters to honor U.S. jurisdictions which are not States. The authorizing legislation was signed on December 26, 2007 by President Bush under the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008 (H.R. 2764). In 2009, the following coins were issued to honor the District of Columbia and United States Territories: -

District of Columbia Quarter

-

Puerto Rico Quarter

-

Guam Quarter

-

American Samoa Quarter

-

US Virgin Islands Quarter

-

Northern Mariana Islands Quarter

The reverse designs for each quarter are uniquely designed to contain images emblematic of each jurisdiction. The reverse designs of each quarter highlight unique aspects of each location such as the history, local culture, plant life, and wildlife. The obverse designs for the quarters continued to utilize the image of George Washington designed by William Cousins after the original John Flanagan. At the conclusion of the 2009 D.C. & U.S. Territories Quarter Program, the United States Mint embarked on another long series of rotating designs with America the Beautiful Quarters. A total of 56 different National Parks and National Sites were depicted from each state, territory, and the District of Columbia.

65

District of Columbia Quarter

The District of Columbia Quarter was released on January 26, 2009. This was the first release of the 2009 DC & US Territories Quarter Program. This program is a follow up to the popular 50 State Quarters Program. The reverse design features a depiction of famous jazz musician Duke Ellington, who was born and raised in Washington DC. The inscriptions include "District of Columbia", "E Pluribus Unum", "2009", "Justice for All" and "Duke Ellington" on the piano. The reverse was designed by Joel Iskowitz and sculpted by Don Everhart. The design selection process for the D.C. Quarter caused some controversy when the District of Columbia since all of the preliminary designs submitted contained the inscription, "Taxation Without Representation." This motto refers to the fact that residents of the District of Columbia pay federal taxes but do not have full representation in Congress. The US Mint rejected the inscription on the basis that controversial inscriptions may not be included on coins. The inscription "Justice For All" is used in place of the controversial statement. Besides Duke Ellington, other proposed designs for the Washington DC Quarter included depictions of Frederick Douglas and Benjamin Banneker. An official launch ceremony for the 2009 District of Columbia Quarter was held on February 24, 2009 at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. The ceremony was attended by US Mint Director Edmund Moy, Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton, and members of the Ellington family. One of the highlights was a performance by the Duke Ellington High School Jazz Band. The mintages for the District of Columbia Quarter showed a sharp decline from the levels seen during the State Quarters Program. The Philadelphia Mint produced 83,600,000 coins and the Denver Mint produced 88,800,000 coins.

66

Puerto Rico Quarter

The Puerto Rico Quarter was released on March 30, 2009. This marked the second release of the 2009 DC & US Territories Quarter Program. This program is a follow up to the popular 50 State Quarters Program. The reverse design features a view of the sea from a sentry box in Old San Juan. Pictured at right is the hibiscus. The inscriptions read "Puerto Rico," "Isla del Encanto" (translated: Isle of Enchantment), "E Pluribus Unum," and the date. The reverse was designed and sculpted by Joseph Menna. Another proposed design included a depiction of the Governor's residence, the Palacio de Santa Catalina. This is the oldest government building in the Americas which has remained in continuous use. A second proposed design depicted the Arecibo Observatory. This enormous telescope is the largest single aperture telescope ever constructed. The selection of the Old San Juan design was announced by the US Mint on December 15, 2008. An official launch ceremony for the Puerto Rico Quarter was held on April 2, 2009 at San Juan's La Arcada in Paseo la Princesa. The ceremony presented by United States Mint Director Edmund Moy and Puerto Rico Governor Luis Fortuno. Also in attendance were Puerto Rico's First Lady Luce Vela and Secretary of State Kenneth McClintock. The festivities will include local entertainment and a coin exchange. Free coins were given to children 18 years and younger. The mintages for the Puerto Rico Quarter declined from the levels of the previous quarter release. The reduced production came amidst a slowdown in the economy and a backwash of old coinage reentering the system. The Philadelphia Mint produced 53,000,000 coins and the Denver Mint produced 86,000,000 coins.

67

Guam Quarter

The Guam Quarter was released into circulation on May 26, 2009. This was the third release of the 2009 DC & US Territories Quarter Program. This program is a follow up to the popular 50 State Quarters Program. The design features an outline of the island of Guam along with two symbols associated with the island. At left is a sailing vessel known as the "Flying Proa" for its great speed. At right is a Latte, a stone pillar used in ancient houses. The reverse was designed by David Westwood and sculpted by Jim Licaretz. The inscriptions read "Guam," "Guahan I Tanó ManChamorro," (translated: GuamLand of the Chamorro), "E Pluribus Unum," and the date. The second inscription refers to Chamorro, one of the official languages of Guam which holds an important place in Guam's identity as a link to their ancestors. It's usage is seeing a renaissance in Guam and the Mariana Islands. Another design proposed but not selected for the Guam Quarter featured the Flying Proa sailing within the East Hagatna Bay with a coconut tree to the right and Two Lovers Point in the background. The residents of Guam made their design selection based on a popular vote. An official launch ceremony for the Guam Quarter was held on June 4, 2009 at Skinner Plaza in Hagatna, Guam. The ceremony was hosted by US Mint Director Edmund Moy and Guam Governor Felix P Camacho. After the ceremony children were given a free Guam Quarter and adults were allowed to exchange bills for new rolls of coins. Prior to the ceremony, a collectors coin forum was held. The Guam Quarter Mint experienced another mintage decline from the level of the previous quarter release. The impact of a slowing economy and an influx of old coinage reentering circulation reduced the need for newly minted coins. There were only 42,600,000 Guam Quarters produced at the Denver Mint and 45,000,000 produced at the Philadelphia Mint.

68

American Samoa Quarter

The American Samoa Quarter was released on July 27, 2009. This represented the fourth release of the 2009 DC & US Territories Quarter Program. This program is a follow up to the popular 50 State Quarters Program, created to release six additional quarters for U.S. jurisdictions not classified as states. The reverse design of the American Samoa Quarter features items used in special Samoan ceremonies against a background image of the coastline. The items include the ava bowl and the whisk and staff. The ava bowl is used to make a ceremonial drink during important events. The whisk and staff represent the rank of Samoan orator. The inscriptions read "American Samoa," "Samoa Muamua Le Atua" (translated: "Samoa, God is First"), "E Pluribus Unum," and the date. The reverse was designed by Stephen Clark and sculpted by Charles Vickers. Two other finalist designs for the quarter were proposed, but not selected. The first featured a man holding a dried coconut cup used during the ava ceremony. Hi image was surrounded by coconut leaves, breadfruit tree leaves, and taro leaves. The second proposed design portrayed a collection of symbols representative of American Samoa, which included a guesthouse, headdress and bowl. An official launch ceremony for the American Samoa Quarter was held in Pago Pago on September 4, 2009, more than a month after the official release date of the coin. The ceremony was attended by US Mint Deputy Director Andrew Brunhart and American Samoa Governor Togiola T.A. Tulafono. Following the ceremony children aged 18 and younger were given a free American Samoa Quarter. Adults were allowed to exchange currency for rolls of quarters. The overall mintage for the American Samoa Quarter marked a temporary low for quarter production. Just over 82 million quarters were produced for circulation across both the Philadelphia and Denver Mints. The 2009-D American Samoa Quarter retains its status as the lowest mintage individual quarter in decades.

69

US Virgin Islands Quarter

The U.S. Virgin Islands Quarter was released on September 28, 2009. This was the fifth release of the 2009 DC & US Territories Quarter Program. This program is a follow up to the popular 50 State Quarters Program to feature non-state jurisdictions of the United States. The reverse design of the Virgin Islands Quarter features a bird known as the Banana Quit pictured next to the Yellow Cedar flower. Behind the bird is a Tyre Palm, a tree native to the Virgin Islands. The background includes an outline of the three main islands. The inscriptions include "U.S. Virgin Islands," "United in Pride and Hope," "E Pluribus Unum," and the date. The reverse was designed and sculpted by Joseph Menna. This design was selected from three finalist designs. The other designs featured the Conch Shell Blower representing Virgin Islands as the First in Freedom, and the Three Queens symbols of St. Thomas, St. John, and St. Croix. The design selection was officially announced by the United States Mint on December 15, 2008. The Virgin Islands Quarter had a combined mintage of 82 million coins for circulation. This represents the lowest combined mintage for a 2009 quarter, narrowly lower than the prior American Samoa Quarter. The mintage was evenly divided between the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities.

70

Northern Mariana Islands Quarter

The Northern Mariana Islands Quarter was released on November 30, 2009. This was the sixth and final release of the 2009 DC & US Territories Quarter Program. This program was created as a follow up to the popular 50 State Quarters Program to honor the non-state jurisdictions of the United States. The reverse design for the Northern Mariana Islands Quarter features symbols representative of the islands. This includes a Latte, a two piece stone pillar which also appears on the Guam Quarter, amongst coconut trees, wild plants, native birds, and a sailing vessel. A Teibwo (pacific basil) frames the design. The inscriptions include "Northern Mariana Islands," "E Pluribus Unum," and the date. The reverse was designed by Richard Masters and sculpted by Phebe Hemphill. The mintage for the Northern Mariana Islands Quarters marked the low for the six coin series. There were 37,600,000 coins produced at the Denver Mint and 35,200,000 coins produced at the Philadelphia Mint. After eleven years, all fifty US States, five US Territories, and the District of Columbia had all been honored with a uniquely designed circulating commemorative quarter dollar coin.

71

America the Beautiful Quarters The new series of America the Beautiful Quarters continues the recent tradition of highlighting the beauty and diversity of the country with unique reverse designs for circulating quarter dollars. The present series will feature National Parks and sites from each of the 50 states, 5 U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia. Collectors can look forward to the 56 different designs, which will be issued from 2010 to 2021. The coins will be released at a rate of five different designs per year, with one design released in the final year of the series. This site provides information on the new America the Beautiful Quarters, including a look at each coin of the series, release dates for upcoming issues, launch ceremony information, mintage figures, and original design candidates prepared by the US Mint. America the Beautiful Quarters Program America the Beautiful Quarters are authorized under Public Law 110-456 America’s Beautiful National parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008. The authorizing legislation was introduced on June 4, 2008 as H.R. 6184 and signed into law on December 23, 2008 by President George W. Bush. The Act provides for the “redesign and issuance of quarters dollars emblematic of National Sites in each state, the District of Columbia, and each territory.” Guidelines are provided for the selection of sites, design approval process, order of release, and the period of issuance. The Secretary of the Treasury is also provided with the option of extending the America the Beautiful Quarters series to a second round of designs, which he or she may exercise at any time prior to the ninth year of the series. America the Beautiful Quarter Designs The reverse design for each quarter is developed through cooperation of the United States Mint and the Federal entity responsible for the supervision, management, or conservancy of each site. A liaison is appointed to provide the US Mint with source documents that will be used to prepare candidate designs. Design proposals for each America the beautiful Quarter are reviewed by the Commission of Fine Arts, the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee, the governor of each jurisdiction, and the Secretary of the Interior. The final designs are selected by the United States Secretary of the Treasury, taking into account the recommendation of the United States Mint and the feedback provided through the review process. The obverse design of each quarter will feature a portrait of George Washington. It will be a restored version of the original design used for the 1932 Washington Quarter.

72

Schedule and Release Dates tes The Secretary of the Treasury was required to select the 56 National Parks and sites to be featured for the series within 270 days of enactment of the bill. On September 9, 2009, the register of sites for the program was unveiled. The order of release was also established based on the order the sites were federally designated. America the Beautiful Silver Bullion The authorizing legislation for America the Beautiful Quarters series also provided for a unique silver bullion coin program. For the duration of the series, over-sized over silver bullion duplicates of each quarter will be produced by the United States Mint. Each coin will contain 5 ounces of .999 fine silver and have a diameter of 3 inches. The designs will be an exact duplicate of each quarter, including including the denomination “quarter dollar.” The silver bullion coins will be available during the calendar year of release for the corresponding quarter. The coins will be sold through the US Mint’s network of authorized bullion dealers. The National Park Service Service will also be given the opportunity to purchase the coins for resale to the public, possibly repackaged as a unique collectible.

“America the Beautiful B Quarters” year map

73

YEAR 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

STATES Arkansas, Wyoming, California, Arizona and Oregon. Pennsylvania, Montana, Washington, Mississippi and Oklahoma. Puerto Rico, New Mexico, Maine, Hawaii and Alaska. New Hampshire, Ohio, Nevada, Maryland and South Dakota. Tennessee, Virginia, Utah, Colorado and Florida. Nebraska, Louisiana, North Carolina, Delaware and New York. Illinois, Kentucky, West Virginia, North Dakota and South Carolina. Iowa, District of Columbia, Missouri, New Jersey and Indiana. Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Georgia and Rhode Island. Massachusetts, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Texas and Idaho. American Samoa, Connecticut, U.S. Virgin Islands, Vermont and Kansas. Alabama.

“America the beautiful Quarters” description

74

2010 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2010 feature Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas, Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, Yosemite National Park in California, Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona and Mount Hood National Forest in Oregon.

Hot Springs National Park Quarter

The Hot Springs National Park quarter is the first of 2010 and the first overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Hot Springs National Park, destination of the Dunbar-Hunter Expedition sent by President Thomas Jefferson in 1804, features prehistoric American Indian quarries. A bustling town grew up around the hot springs to provide health services. Hot Springs was first established as a national site on April 20, 1832, to conserve the water from the 47 springs that emerge from Hot Springs Mountain and to ensure that water was made available for drinking and therapy. The quarter`s reverse image depicts the façade of the Hot Springs National Park headquarters building with a thermal fountain in the foreground. The headquarters was built in the Spanish colonial revival style and completed in 1936. The National Park Service emblem is featured to the right of the door. Inscriptions are HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS, 2010 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Hot Springs National Park.

75

Yellowstone National Park Quarter

The Yellowstone National Park quarter is the second of 2010 and the second overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. First established as a national site on March 1, 1872, Yellowstone National Park is home to a large variety of wildlife, including grizzly bears, wolves, bison and elk. Preserved within the park are Old Faithful and a collection of the world`s most extraordinary geysers. The reverse image features the Old Faithful geyser with a mature bull bison in the foreground. Inscriptions are YELLOWSTONE, WYOMING, 2010 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Yellowstone National Park.

76

Yosemite National Park Quarter

The Yosemite National Park quarter is the third of 2010 and the third overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Yosemite National Park, one of the first wilderness parks in United States, is best known for its waterfalls, but within it nearly 1.200 square miles are deep valleys, grand meadows and ancient giant sequoias. It was first established as a national site on October 1, 1890, The reverse image depicts the iconic El Capitan, which rises more than 3.000 feet above the valley floor and is the largest monolith of granite in the world. Inscriptions are YOSEMITE, CALIFORNIA, 2010 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Yosemite National Park.

77

Grand Canyon National Park Quarter

The Grand Canyon National Park quarter is the fourth of 2010 and the fourth overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. A powerful and inspiring landscape, the Grand Canyon overwhelms the senses through its immense size of the 277 river miles long, up to 18 miles wide and a mile deep. The Grand Canyon was first established as a national site on February 20, 1893. The reverse image features a view of the granaries above the Nankoweap Delta in Marble Canyon near the Colorado River (Marble Canyon is the northernmost section of the Grand Canyon). These granaries were used for storing food and seeds between 1050 and 1150 A.D. Inscriptions are GRAND CANYON, ARIZONA, 2010 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Grand Canyon National Park.

78

Mount Hood National Forest Quarter

The Mount Hood National Forest quarter is the fifth of 2010 and the fifth overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Located 20 miles east of Portland, Oregon, wich lies in the northern part of the Willamette River Valley, Mount Hood National Forest extends south from the strikingly beautiful Columbia River Gorge across more than 60 miles of forested mountains, lakes and streams, to the Olallie Scenic Area. The foret encompasses more than one million acres. Two of its many highlights are the Timberline Lodge, a national historic landmark in its own right, and the Clackamas Wild and Scenic River. Mount Hood was first established as a national site on September 28, 1893. This reverse image depicts a view of Mount Hood with Lost Lake in the foreground. Inscriptions are MOUNT HOOD, OREGON, 2010 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Mount Hood National Forest.

79

2011 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2011 feature Gettysburg National Military Park in Pennsylvania, Glacier National Park in Montana, Olympic National Park in Washington, Vicksburg National Military Park in Mississippi and Chickasaw National Recreation Area in Oklahoma.

Gettysburg National Military Park Quarter

The Gettysburg National Military Park quarter is the first to be released in 2011, and the sixth overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The battle of Gettysburg, the Union victory in the summer of 1863 that ended General Robert E. Lee`s second and most ambitious invasion of the North, was a turning point in the Civil War. Often referred to as the “High Water Mark of the Rebellion,” it was among the war`s bloodiest battles, with 51.000 casualties. It also provides President Abraham Lincoln with the setting for famous address. It was the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, a group of concerned citizens that first set out in 1864 to preserve the battlefield as a memorial to the Union troops who fought there. The park is well known for its many monuments and memorials, the majority of which were placed by veterans of the battle. On February 11, 1895, the battlefield was transferred to the federal government as Gettysburg National Military Park. This reverse image depicts the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument, which is located on the battle line of the Union Army at Cemetery Ridge. Inscriptions are GETTYSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, 2011 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Gettysburg National Military Park.

80

Glacier National Park Quarter

The Glacier National Park quarter is the second to be released in 2011 and the seventh overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The park is named for its prominent glacier-carved terrain and remnant glaciers descended from the ice age of 10.000 years ago. Glacial forces, ancient seas, geologic faults and uplifting all combined to create some of the most spectacular scenery on earth. Known to the Blackfeet as the “Backbone of the world,” Glacier National Park preserves more than 1 million acres of forest, alpine meadows, lakes, rugged peaks and glacially carved valleys in the Northern Rocky Mountains. These lands were first set aside as a national reserve on February 22, 1897. This reverse image depicts a classic view of the northeast slope of Mount Reynolds towering in the distance while a mountain goat climbs over the rocky slopes of the park`s high country. Inscriptions are GLACIER, MONTANA, 2011 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Glacier National Park.

81

Olympic National Park Quarter

The Olympic National Park quarter is the third to be released in 2011, and the eighth overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. From glistening tidepools to glacier-capped peaks, Olympic National Park protects more than 70 miles of Pacific Ocean beaches and, less than 33 miles away, the glacier-capped 7,980-foot summit of Mount Olympus that is the heart of the Olympic range. The park consists of coastline, rugged peaks, meadows and lakes, scattered forests and steep forested slopes ending in broad, U-shaped valleys. Geology, climate, isolation, history and sheer size make this nearly 1 million-acre park home to relatively intact ecosystems and a priceless living laboratory for plants and myriad species of animals large and small. It was first established as a national site on February 22, 1897. The reverse image depicts a Roosevelt elk standing on a gravel river bar of the Hoh River with a view of Mount Olympus in the background. Inscriptions are OLYMPIC, WASHINGTON, 2011 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Olympic National Park.

82

Vicksburg National Military Park Quarter

The Vicksburg National Military Park quarter is the fourth released in 2011 and the ninth overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The park commemorates one of the pivotal battles of the Civil War — the campaign, siege, and defense of Vicksburg, Miss. Surrender on July 4, 1863, coupled with the fall of Port Hudson, La., split the South, giving control of the Mississippi River to the North. The museum exhibits at the park depict the hardships of civilians and soldiers during the devastating 47-day siege of the city. More than 1,350 monuments, a national cemetery and the restored Union ironclad gunboat, the U.S.S. Cairo, mark the 16-mile tour road. The U.S.S. Cairo was the first warship sunk by an electronically detonated "torpedo," which ushered in a new age of naval warfare. Vicksburg was first established as a national site on February 21, 1899. The reverse image depicts the U.S.S. Cairo on the Yazoo River as it would have been seen when it served the U.S. Navy during the Civil War. Inscriptions are VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, 2011 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Vicksburg National Military Park.

83

Chickasaw National Recreation Area Quarter

The Chickasaw National Recreation Area quarter is the fifth released in 2011 and the 10th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The park is unique in that it was founded through the support of an Indian tribe, the Chickasaw Nation. Chickasaw National Recreation Area exists as a part of the national park system to provide for the protection of the area's unique resources, springs, streams, lakes and other natural features; to protect and interpret its cultural history, historic landscapes and structures; to commemorate the Chickasaw Nation; and to provide for public education, appreciation and recreational use and enjoyment of those resources. It was originally established as a national site on July 1, 1902. The reverse image depicts the Lincoln Bridge, built of limestone and dedicated in 1909 to celebrate the centennial of Abraham Lincoln`s birth. The bridge is the first constructed improvement in the national recreation area and a favorite scenic spot. Inscriptions are CHICKSAW, OKLAHOMA, 2011 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Chickasaw National Recreation Area.

84

2012 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2012 feature El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico, Chaco Culture National Historical Park in New Mexico, Acadia National Park in Maine, Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park in Hawaii and Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska.

El Yunque National Forest Quarter

The El Yunque National Forest quarter is the first of 2012 and the 11th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. El Yunque National Forest, located in Puerto Rico, is the sole tropical rainforest in the U.S. National Forest System. Despite the forest's relatively small 28,000-acre size, it is significant for its immense biodiversity and is popular with visitors for its year-round tropical climate. More than 1 million visitors from all over the world visit the forest each year to sample its eco-tourism pleasures while developing a greater understanding of its ecological importance by walking along the many beautiful trails. It was first established as a national site on January 17, 1903. The reverse design depicts a Coqui tree frog sitting on a leaf and a Puerto Rican parrot behind an epiphyte plant with tropical flora in the background. The Puerto Rican parrot is a highly endangered species unique to Puerto Rico, and its recovery began with the few birds left in El Yunque. Inscriptions are EL YUNQUE, PUERTO, 2012 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of El Yunque National Forest.

85

Chaco Culture National Historical Park Quarter

The Chaco Culture National Historical Park quarter is the second of 2012 and the 12th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. This historical park in New Mexico features Chaco Canyon, which was a major center of Puebloan culture between A.D. 850 and 1250. The Chacoan sites are part of the homeland of Pueblo Indian peoples of New Mexico, the Hopi Indians of Arizona and the Navajo Indians of the southwest. Chaco Canyon was the cultural center of a system of communities linked by road and trading networks across a 40,000 square-mile region in the Four Corners area from A.D. 850 to 1150. Chaco is remarkable for its multi-storied public buildings called "great houses," enormous circular ceremonial subterranean structures called "great kivas," and distinctive architecture featuring a notable concentration of petroglyphs and pictographs. The Chacoan people combined pre-planned architectural designs, astronomical alignments, geometry, landscaping and engineering to create an ancient urban center of spectacular public architecture. It was first established as a national site on March 11, 1907. The reverse design illustrates a view to the west of two elevates kivas that are part of the Chetro Ketl Complex. The design also shows the north wall of Chetro Ketl and the north wall of the canyon. Inscriptions are CHACO CULTURE, NEW MEXICO, 2012 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Chaco Culture National Historical Park.

86

Acadia National Park Quarter

The Acadia National Park quarter is the third of 2012 and the 13th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Awed by its beauty and diversity, early 20thcentury visionaries donated the land on the rugged coast of Maine that became Acadia National Park, the first national park east of the Mississippi River. The park is home to the tallest mountain on the U.S. Atlantic Coast. Visitors come to Acadia to hike over granite peaks, bike on historic carriage roads and enjoy the spectacular scenery. It was first established as a national site on July 8, 1916. The reverse image depicts a view of the Bass Harbor Head Lighthouse and Acadia`s rough coastline. The design captures many representative elements of Acadia: the coastline, the lighthouse, the pine trees and the ocean. Inscriptions are ACADIA, MAINE, 2012 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Acadia National Park.

87

Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park Quarter

The Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park quarter is the fourth of 2012 and the 14th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Established as Hawaii National Park in 1916, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park displays the results of 70 million years of volcanism, migration and evolution-processes that thrust a bare land up from the sea, creating unique ecosystems and a distinct human culture. Created to preserve the natural setting of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park is one of the most fascinating biological landscapes in the world. The Hawaiian Archipelago, located more than 2,000 miles from the nearest continental land mass, is the most geographically isolated group of islands on Earth. It was first established as a national site on August 1, 1916. The reverse design depicts an eruption of the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, capturing the magnificent beauty of the volcano. Inscriptions are HAWAI´I VOLCANOES, HAWAII, 2012 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.

88

Denali National Park and Preserve Quarter

The Denali National Park and Preserve quarter is the fifth of 2012 and the 15th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. In 1980, the park was expanded from 2 to 6 million acres, including preserve lands, and the name changed from Mount McKinley National Park to Denali National Park and Preserve. Today's boundaries include the awe-inspiring 20,320-foot Mount McKinley, the tallest mountain in North America. The park's dynamic glaciated landscape supports a diversity of wildlife, including grizzly bears, caribou, wolves, Dall sheep and moose. Archeological evidence that dates back more than 12,000 years ago indicates Alaska's native people moved through this landscape seasonally, likely hunting large mammals, fishing and gathering plants. It was first established as a national site to protect wildlife populations on February 26, 1917. The reverse design features a Dall sheep with Mount McKinley rising in the background. Inscriptions are DENALI, ALASKA, 2012 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Denali National Park and Preserve.

89

2013 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2013 feature White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire, Perry`s Victory and International Peace Memorial in Ohio, Great Basin National Park in Nevada, Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine in Maryland and Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota.

White Mountain National Forest Quarter

The White Mountain National Forest quarter is the first of 2013 and the 16thoverall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. White Mountain National Forest, located in both New Hampshire and Maine, provides unique and strikingly beautiful landscapes and is one of America's most visited national forests for its wide array of recreational opportunities and rich natural resources. The White Mountain National Forest includes unique features such as Mt. Washington, the highest peak north of the Smokey Mountains and east of the Mississippi. It was first established as a national site on May 16, 1918. The reverse design depicts Mt. Chocorua, the easternmost peak of the Sandwich Range, framed by birch trees. It is an iconic view of the White Mountain National Forest system lands. Inscriptions are WHITE MOUNTAIN, NEW HAMPSHIRE, 2013 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of White Mountain National Forest.

90

Perry`s Victory and International Peace Memorial Quarter

The Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial quarter is the second of 2013 and the 17th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. This memorial site in Ohio was established to honor those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812 and to celebrate the long-lasting peace among Britain, Canada and the U.S. The memorial, a Doric column rising 352 feet over Lake Erie, is situated five miles from the longest undefended border in the world. The memorial bears the name of Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry. Six naval officers (three American and three British) slain during the battle are buried under its rotunda. It was first established as a national site on March 3, 1919. The reverse design depicts the statue of Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry with the Peace Memorial located in the distance. The memorial is one of the tallest of its kind in the U.S. Inscriptions are PERRY`S VICTORY, OHIO, 2013 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial.

91

Great Basin National Park Quarter

The Great Basin National Park quarter is the third of 2013 and the 18th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Great Basin National Park, located in the heart of the Great Basin, has exceptional examples of regional geology, biologic diversity and scenic grandeur. Park attractions include Lehman Caves, the most heavily decorated limestone solution caverns in the western U.S., and Wheeler Peak, the second highest peak in Nevada. Great Basin National Park is an oasis in the desert with more than 40 miles of perennial streams and 400 springs. The park also contains a variety of cultural resources dating back to prehistoric times, as well as structures and sites related to mining, western surveys and ranching. It was first established as a national monument on January 24, 1922. The reverse design depicts the beauty and unique qualities of a single Bristlecone Pine tree and shows the rocky glacial moraines where the trees grow. These trees grow at higher elevation in the park and are some of the world`s oldest. The park contains numerous Bristlecone Pine groves with trees older than 4.000 years. Inscriptions are GREAT BASIN, NEVADA, 2013 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Great Basin National Park.

92

Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine Quarter

The Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine quarter is the fourth of 2013 and the 19th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Fort McHenry, the birthplace of our country's national anthem, was named for James McHenry, our Nation's second Secretary of War. Following the burning of the Nation's capitol and other federal buildings in August 1814, British forces attacked Baltimore. Francis Scott Key, a poet-lawyer, witnessed the September 13-14 bombardment of Fort McHenry while under British guard on an American truce ship in the Patapsco River. Seeing his country's flag still flying over the fort the next morning, he was moved to pen "The Star-Spangled Banner." Fort McHenry was first established as a national site on March 3, 1925. The reverse design represents the site during the “Defenders Day” celebration, considered the centerpiece annual event held at Fort McHenry. The fireworks symbolize the “rocket`s red glare,” linking the fort to its historic past. Inscriptions are FORT McHENRY, MARYLAND, 2013 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine.

93

Mount Rushmore National Memorial Quarter

The Mount Rushmore National Memorial quarter is the fifth of 2013 and the 20th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Over the decades, Mount Rushmore has grown in fame as a symbol of America - a symbol of freedom and hope for people from all cultures and backgrounds. The sculpture, located in the scenic Black Hills of South Dakota, features the heads of former Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln. It was first established as a national site March 3, 1925. The reverse design was inspired by photos of men who are adding the final details to Thomas Jefferson`s face. Mount Rushmore was featured on three 1991 Mount Rushmore Golden Anniversary Commemorative Coins and on the 2006 South Dakota quarter issued under the 50 State Quarters Program. This new design is distinctly different and offers a unique and educational perspective on how Mount Rushmore was created and sculpted. Inscriptions are MOUNT RUSHMORE, SOUTH DAKOTA, 2013 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Mount Rushmore National Memorial.

94

2014 America the Beautiful Quarters Thee five quarters of 2014 feature Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee, Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, Arches National Park in Utah, Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado and Everglades National Park in Florida.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park Quarter

The Great Smoky Mountains National Park quarter quarter is the first of 2014 and de 21st overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. This national park features wondrous biodiversity, with ridge upon ridge of forest straddling the border between Tennessee and North Carolina. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is world renowned for its diverse plant and animal life, the beauty of its ancient ancient mountains, and the quality of its remnants of southern Appalachian mountain culture. It is America`s most-visited visited national park. It was first established as a national site on May 22, 1926. The reverse design depicts a historic log cabin found within within Great Smoky Mountains National Park. It features a segment of the lush green forest and hawk circling above. Inscriptions are GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, TENNESSEE, 2014 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation con with representativess of Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

95

Shenandoah National Park Quarter

The Shenandoah National Park quarter is the second of 2014 and the 22nd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Just 75 miles from Washington, D.C., Shenandoah National Park is an escape for travelers wanting a wide range of outdoor adventures. It features cascading waterfalls, spectacular vistas and quiet wooded hollows. Park visitors enjoy hiking, meandering along the scenic Skyline Drive, or camping and picnicking with family or friends. Park habitats provide a haven for black bear and numerous songbirds. Creation of the park was authorized by legislation leg in 1926 with formal establishment in 1935 and dedication by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. The reverse design depicts a day hiker taking in the view from Little Stony Man summit. Inscriptions are SHENANDOAH, VIRGINIA, 2014 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives represen of Shenandoah National Park.

96

Arches National Park Quarter

The Arches National Park quarter is the third of 2014 and the 23rd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. This park is a red rock wonderland. Visitors will discover a landscape of contrasting colors, landforms and textures unlike any others in the world. Arches National Park has more than 2,000 natural stone arches, as well as hundreds of soaring pinnacles, massive fins and giant balanced rocks. It was first established as a national site on April Ap 12, 1929. The reverse depicts Delicate Arch, a 65-foot 65 foot freestanding natural arch. It is a widely recognizable landmark in Utah and the most famous arch found in the park. It has been depicted on postage stamps and license plates. The Olympic torch relay rela for the 2002 Winter Olympics passed through this arch. The La Sal Mountains are visible in the background. Inscriptions are ARCHES, UTAH, 2014 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. UNUM Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Arches National Park.

97

Great Sand Dunes National Park Quarter

The Great Sand Dunes National Park quarter is the fourth of 2014 and the 24thoverall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve has the tallest dunes in North America as the centerpiece of the site's diverse landscape of grasslands, wetlands, conifer and aspen forests, alpine lakes, and tundra. These can be experienced through hiking, sand sledding, splashing in Medano Creek and watching wildlife. The Great Great Sand Dunes National Park was first established as a national site on March 17, 1932. The reverse design features a father and son playing in the sand next to the creek bed. The distinctive mountains and sand dunes are featured in the background. Inscriptions Inscr are GREAT SAND DUNES, DUNES COLORADO, 2014 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. UNUM Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve.

98

Everglades National Park Quarter

The Everglades National Park quarter is the fifth of 2014 and the 25th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. It is the largest subtropical wilderness in the United States. Everglades National Park protects an unparalleled landscape that provides important habitat for numerous rare and endangered species like the manatee, American crocodile and elusive Florida panther. An international treasure as well, it is designated as a world heritage site, international biosphere reserve and wetland of international importance. e. It was first established as a national site on May 30, 1934. The reverse design, inspired by the bird population in the Everglades, features an anhinga with outstretched wings on a willow tree with a roseate spoonbill visible in the mid-ground. Both birds ds are found throughout the Everglades National Park. Inscriptions are EVERGLADES, FLORIDA, FLORIDA 2014 and E PLURIBUS UNUM.. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Everglades National Park.

99

2015 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2015 feature Homestead National Monument of America in Nebraska, Kisatchie National Forest in Louisiana, Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina, Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge in Delaware and Saratoga National Historical Park in New York.

Homestead National Monument of America Quarter

The Homestead National Monument of America Quarter is the first of 2015 and the 26th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Homestead National Monument of America brings the epic homesteading story of early pioneers to life and demonstrates the true scope and importance of the Homestead Act of 1862. By granting free land, the Homestead Act allowed nearly any man or woman a chance to realize the American dream of owning his or her own land. The uniquely designed Heritage Center was dedicated in 2007 and offers a hilltop vista of the tallgrass prairie much like American pioneers would have seen it. It was established as a national site on March 19, 1936. The reverse design represents the three fundamentals of survival common to all homesteaders: food, shelter and water. Inscriptions are HOMESTEAD, NEBRASKA, 2015 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Homestead National Monument of America.

100

Kisatchie National Forest Quarter

The Kisatchie National Forest Quarter is the second of 2015 and the 27th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Spread across seven parishes in Louisiana, Kisatchie National Forest is divided into five managed units called Ranger Districts that total more than 604,000 acres of public lands. Hidden in the bayous underneath the bald cypress groves and old growth pine lies a world of natural beauty, excitement, learning, recreation, and natural and cultural resources. The name Kisatchie is derived from a tribe of Kichai Indians of the Caddoan Confederacy. It was established as a national site in June 3, 1936. This design features a wild turkey in flight over blue stem grass with long leaf pine in the background. Inscriptions are KISATCHIE, LOUISIANA, 2015 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Kisatchie National Forest.

101

Blue Ridge Parkway Quarter

The Blue Ridge Parkway Quarter is the third of 2015 and the 28th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Blue Ridge Parkway is a scenic byway with natural attractions, a unit of the park system with numerous recreational opportunities and a cross-section of Appalachian mountain history. Stretching 469 miles along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains through North Carolina and Virginia, it encompasses some of the oldest settlements of both pre-historic and early European settlement in the U.S. It was established as a national site in June 30, 1936. The reverse design depicts the grace and curvature of the road hugging the side of a mountain, with the North Carolina state flower in the foreground. Inscriptions are BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY, NORTH CAROLINA, 2015 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Blue Ridge Parkway.

102

Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge Quarter

The Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge Quarter is the forth of 2015 and the 29th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge is host to hundreds of thousands of migrating ducks, geese, shorebirds and neo-tropical songbirds in their spring and fall migrations. Tired and hungry between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico, they seek shelter at Bombay Hook and feast on marsh grasses, fish and other important foods before continuing their flight. Bombay Hook’s 16,000 acres include freshwater pools, swamps, upland forests, agricultural fields and one of the largest unaltered tidal salt marshes in the Mid-Atlantic region. It was established as a national site in June 22, 1937. This design features a great blue heron in the foreground and a great egret in the background. Inscriptions are BOMBAY HOOK, DELAWARE, 2015 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge.

103

Saratoga National Historical Park Quarter

The Saratoga National Historical Park Quarter is the fifth of 2015 and the 30th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. At Saratoga in the autumn of 1777, American forces met, defeated and forced a major British army to surrender. This crucial American victory renewed patriots’ hopes for independence, secured essential foreign recognition and support, and forever changed the face of the world. The battlefield, a monument to the fallen and the restored country house of American General Philip Schuyler make up the three sites of Saratoga National Historical Park. It was established as a national site in June 1, 1938. The design depicts a close-up of the moment General John Burgoyne surrendered his sword to General Horatio Gates, a turning point many believe marked the ‘beginning of the end of the American Revolutionary War’. Inscriptions are BRITISH SURRENDER 1777, SARATOGA, NEW YORK, 2015 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Saratoga National Historical Park.

104

2016 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2016 feature Shawnee National Forest in Illinois, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park in Kentucky, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park in West Virginia, Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota and Fort Moultrie (Fort Sumter National Monument) in South Carolina.

Shawnee National Forest Quarter

The Shawnee National Forest Quarter is the first of 2016 and the 31st overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The Shawnee National Forest hosts the most acreage of any natural area in the state of Illinois. Its large, public open spaces offer many recreation opportunities including big-game hunting, long-distance pedestrian and equestrian trails, orienteering, bird watching, rock-climbing, beach recreation, and two National Scenic Byways: the Ohio River and the Great River Road. The forest also has some of the largest and most diverse blocks of mature hardwoods and forest interior habitats of national forests. An abundance of wetlands, floodplains and riparian areas enhances water quality and provides important wetland habitats for migrating waterfowl in the Mississippi flyway. It was established as a national site in August 1, 1939. The design depicts a close view of Camel Rock with natural vegetation in the foreground and a red-tailed hawk soaring in the sky overhead. Inscriptions are SHAWNEE, ILLINOIS, 2016 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Shawnee National Forest

105

Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Quarter

The Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Quarter is the second of 2016 and the 32nd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The buffalo, the Native American, the lone hunter, the pioneer… they all traveled through Cumberland Gap, the first gateway to the West, into the wilderness of Kentucky. Modern day explorers and travelers stand in awe at this great break in the Appalachian Mountain chain, carved by wind and water. Visitors to Cumberland Gap National Historical Park enjoy many miles of trails and scenic features, as the park stretches for 26 miles along Cumberland Mountain, ranging from one to four miles in width and containing 24,000 acres. The natural beauty of Appalachian mountain country, lush with vegetation, supports diverse animal life including white-tailed deer, black bear and wild turkey. It was established as a national site in June 11, 1940. The design features a frontiersman gazing across the mountains to the West. Many pioneers used Cumberland Gap on their journey into the western frontiers of Kentucky and Tennessee. Inscriptions are CUMBERLAND GAP, FIRST DOORWAY TO THE WEST, KENTUCKY, 2016 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Cumberland Gap National Historical Park.

106

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park Quarter

The Harpers Ferry National Historical Park Quarter is the third of 2016 and the 33rd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Located at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers, the history of Harpers Ferry has involved a diverse number of people and events influencing the course of our nation’s history. Harpers Ferry witnessed the first successful application of interchangeable manufacture, the arrival of the first successful American railroad, John Brown’s attack on slavery, the largest surrender of Federal troops during the Civil War and the education of former slaves in one of the earliest integrated schools in the United States. It was established as a national site in June 30, 1944. The design features John Brown Fort, the site of John Brown’s last stand during his raid on the Harper’s Ferry Armory. Inscriptions are HARPERS FERRY, WEST VIRGINIA, JOHN BROWN’S FORT, 2016 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.

107

Theodore Roosevelt National Park Quarter

The Theodore Roosevelt National Park Quarter is the forth of 2016 and the 34th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The colorful Little Missouri River Badlands provides the dramatic scenic backdrop to the Theodore Roosevelt National Park, which memorializes the 26th President for his enduring contributions to the conservation of our nation's resources. An abundance of native grasses provides sustenance for prairie dogs and large grazing animals while diverse habitats attract a great number of birds. Wildlife viewing is one of the most popular activities in the park. It was established as a national site in April 25, 1947. The design depicts a young Theodore Roosevelt on horseback surveying the terrain near the Little Missouri River. Inscriptions are THEODORE ROOSEVELT, NORTH DAKOTA, 2016 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Theodore Roosevelt National Park.

108

Fort Moultrie (Fort Sumter National Monument) Quarter

The Fort Moultrie (Fort Sumter National Monument) Quarter is the fifth of 2016 and the 35th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Fort Moultrie, the first fort on Sullivan's Island, was still incomplete when Commodore Sir Peter Parker and nine warships attacked it on June 28, 1776. After a nine-hour battle, the ships were forced to retire. Charleston was saved from British occupation, and the fort was named in honor of its commander, Colonel William Moultrie. In 1780, the British finally captured Charleston, abandoning it only on the advent of peace. After the Revolutionary War, Fort Moultrie was neglected, and by 1791 little of it remained. Then, in 1793, war broke out between England and France. A second Fort Moultrie, one of 20 new forts along the Atlantic coast, was completed in 1798. It too suffered from neglect and was finally destroyed by a hurricane in 1804. In 1809 a new, brick third Fort Moultrie stood on Sullivan's Island. It was established as a national site in April 28, 1948. The design depicts Sergeant William Jasper returning the regimental flag to the ramparts while under attack from a British ship. Inscriptions are FORT MOULTRIE, SOUTH CAROLINA, 2016 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Fort Moultrie (Fort Sumter National Monument).

109

2017 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2017 feature Effigy Mounds National Monument in Iowa, Frederick Douglass National Historic Site in District of Columbia, Ozark National Scenic Riverways in Missouri, Ellis Island (Statue of Liberty National Monument) in New Jersey and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park in Indiana.

Effigy Mounds National Monument

The Effigy Mounds National Monument Quarter is the first of 2017 and the 36th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The park protects one of the largest remaining concentrations of ancient American Indian earthworks in the United States. It is considered a sacred landscape by members of many modern-day tribes whose ancestors once lived here. The park is home to more than 200 mounds in a wide variety of forms, including more than 30 animal or bird-shaped “effigy” mounds for which the park is named. Often more than 100 feet long individually, many of these animal and bird shaped mounds are perched high atop rugged bluffs overlooking the adjacent Mississippi River. Aside from preserving these tangible links to an ancient and highly creative people, the park features outstanding views of the Mississippi River Valley, and hosts many of the native plant and animal communities that sustained people in this area for millennia. It was established as a national site October 25, 1949. The coin design depicts an aerial view of mounds in the Marching Bear Group. Inscriptions are EFFIGY MOUNDS, IOWA, 2017 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Effigy Mounds National Monument.

110

Frederick Douglass National Historic Site

The Frederick Douglass National Historic Site Quarter is the second of 2017 and the 37th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The Frederick Douglass National Historic Site was established to preserve the home and legacy of Frederick Douglass, abolitionist, civil rights advocate, author, and statesman. Douglass lived in this home from 1877 until his death in 1895. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery on a plantation on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in 1818. In 1838, he disguised himself as a sailor and boarded a train to New York City, where he declared himself a free man. Douglass turned his efforts to helping those still enslaved. An impressive orator, he traveled across the North speaking against slavery. During the Civil War, Douglass recruited African Americans to fight in the Union Army. He met with Abraham Lincoln to advocate for African American troops and encouraged Lincoln to see the war as a chance to transform the country. Following the Civil War, Douglass moved to his home in Washington, DC. He continued to work to expand civil rights in the country until his death. It was established as a national site September 5, 1962. The coin design depicts Frederick Douglass seated at a writing desk with his home in Washington, D.C., in the background. Inscriptions are FREDERICK DOUGLASS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 2017 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site.

111

Ozark National Scenic Riverways

The Ozark National Scenic Riverways Quarter is the third of 2017 and the 38th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Ozark National Scenic Riverways was established to protect 134 miles of the Current and Jacks Fork Rivers in the Ozark Highlands of southeastern Missouri. The park encompasses 80,785 acres of unique natural resources, including a world-class spring system that is unparalleled in North America, more than 400 caves, and other special geologic features. The rivers offer remarkably clean, clear water that is complemented by the breathtaking blue shade of the waters of the large springs. In addition to the unique natural features of the Ozarks, the National Park Service preserves the heritage and lifeways of the Ozark culture, which was heavily shaped by the remote and rugged landscape. The park manages 249 historic structures that are scattered throughout the park and also preserves the history and remnants of prehistoric peoples who settled in the region during the past 12,000 years. It was established as a national site August 27, 1964. The coin design depicts Alley Mill, a steel roller mill built in 1894. This merchant mill was used to convert wheat into flour. Much of the original milling equipment is still in place. Inscriptions are OZARK RIVERWAYS, MISSOURI, 2017 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Ozark National Scenic Riverways.

112

Ellis Island (Statue of Liberty National Monument)

The Ellis Island (Statue of Liberty National Monument) Quarter is the fourth of 2017 and the 39th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. From 1892 to 1954, Ellis Island was the largest and most active immigration station in the United States, where approximately 12 million immigrants were processed. For the vast majority of immigrants, Ellis Island truly was an "Island of Hope", the first stop on their way to new opportunities and experiences in the United States. For the rest, it became the "Island of Tears", a place where families were separated and individuals were denied entry into this country. Ellis Island was added to the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965 by Presidential Proclamation and is administered by the National Park Service. The main building re-opened in September 1990 as the Ellis Island Immigration Museum, at that time the largest restoration project in U.S. history. Most of the remaining unrestored buildings on Ellis Island were one of the first and largest public health hospitals in the United States. The facility was considered to be the most modern of its day. It was established as a national site May 11, 1965. The coin design depicts an immigrant family approaching Ellis Island with a mixture of hope and uncertainty. The hospital building can be seen in the background. Inscriptions are ELLIS ISLAND, NEW JERSEY, 2017, and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Ellis Island (Statue of Liberty National Monument).

113

George Rogers Clark National Historical Park

The George Rogers Clark National Historical Park Quarter is the fifth of 2017 and the 40th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The park is located within the city limits of Vincennes, Indiana adjacent to the Wabash River. The 26.17 acre site contains the George Rogers Clark Memorial which commemorates the achievements of Lieutenant Colonel George Rogers Clark and his frontiersmen during the American Revolution. The memorial was designed and constructed between 1927 and 1936. It is the largest memorial outside of Washington D.C. and the largest placed on a battlefield within the US. The rotunda boasts seven large murals and a bronze statue of Clark. It was established as a national site July 23, 1966. The coin design features George Rogers Clark leading his men through the flooded plains approaching Fort Sackville. Inscriptions are GEORGE ROGERS CLARK, INDIANA, 2017 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.

114

2018 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2018 feature Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore in Michigan, Apostle Islands National Lakeshore in Wisconsin, Voyageurs National Park in Minnesota, Cumberland Island National Seashore in Georgia and Block Island National Wildlife Refuge in Rhode Island.

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore

The Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Quarter is the first of 2018 and the 41st overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Established in 1966 as the first national lakeshore, Michigan’s Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore is a narrow strip of a park that hugs the Lake Superior coast for more than 40 miles. The shoreline consists of 200foot-high colorful sandstone cliffs, numerous beaches, and 300-foot-tall sand dunes. The shoreline is bordered by boreal and eastern hardwood forests with numerous waterfalls, streams, and lakes. There is abundant wildlife, including black bears, deer, and porcupine, with bald eagles and peregrine falcons dotting the skies. It was established as a national site October 15, 1966. The coin design depicts Chapel Rock and the white pine tree that grows atop. Inscriptions are PICTURED ROCKS, MICHIGAN, 2018 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore.

115

Apostle Islands National Lakeshore

The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Quarter is the second of 2018 and the 42nd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Wisconsin’s Apostle Islands National Lakeshore was established to protect “certain significant islands, shoreline, and light stations of the U.S. and their related geographic, scenic, historic, and scientific values.” The park includes 21 islands in Lake Superior and a 12-mile-long strip of mainland shoreline encompassing more than 69,000 acres. The park features pristine stretches of sand beaches and coves, spectacular sea caves, remnant old-growth upper forests, a diverse population of birds, mammals, amphibians, and fish and a number of lighthouses and lighthouse complexes. It was established as a national site September 26, 1970. The coin design depicts the sea caves at Devils Island with the lighthouse in the background and a kayaker paddling in the foreground. Inscriptions are APOSTLE ISLANDS, WISCONSIN, 2018 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.

116

Voyageurs National Park

The Voyageurs National Park Quarter is the third of 2018 and the 43rd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Minnesota’s Voyageurs National Park was established “to preserve… the outstanding scenery, geological conditions, and waterway system” inherent to the park, which protects 218,054 acres, including 84,000 acres of water. It consists of miles of undeveloped shoreline, with hundreds of islands and numerous lakes. The combination of rocky shorelines, southern boreal and northern hardwood forests, and open water create a distinct home for bald eagles, loons, black bears, moose, and wolves. It was established as a national site January 8, 1971. The coin design depicts a common loon with a rock cliff in the background. Inscriptions are VOYAGEURS, MINNESOTA, 2018 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Voyageurs National Park.

117

Cumberland Island National Seashore

The Cumberland Island National Seashore Quarter is the fourth of 2018 and the 44th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Cumberland Island National Seashore in Georgia was established to maintain the primitive, undeveloped character of one of the largest and most ecologically diverse barrier islands on the Atlantic coast. There are almost 18 miles of pristine beach open to the public for recreational activities like swimming and walking. The island is also known to have one of the largest oak maritime forests remaining in the U.S., providing an unparalleled visitor experience. It was established as a national site October 23, 1972. This design depicts a snowy egret posing on a branch on the edge of a salt marsh, ready for flight. Inscriptions are CUMBERLAND ISLAND, GEORGIA, 2018 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Cumberland Island National Seashore.

118

Block Island National Wildlife Refuge

The Block Island National Wildlife Refuge Quarter is the fifth of 2018 and the 45th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Block Island National Wildlife Refuge is located 12 miles off the southern coast of Rhode Island and sits on a terminal moraine shaped by glacial till deposits creating rolling dunes. Covering 133 acres, it is a critical migratory bird stopover point on the Atlantic coast, with fruit-bearing shrubs providing essential food for the species of birds that come to rest there. These wild lands are known internationally for spectacular bird watching and breathtaking barrier beaches. It was established as a national site April 12, 1973. The coin design depicts a black-crowned night-heron flying over a view from the beach at Cow Cove looking towards Sandy Point. The North Light lighthouse is seen in the background. Inscriptions are BLOCK ISLAND, RHODE ISLAND, 2018 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Block Island National Wildlife Refuge.

119

2019 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2019 feature Lowell National Historical Park in Massachusetts, American Memorial Park in Northern Mariana Islands, War in the Pacific National Historical Park in Guam, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park in Texas and Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness in Idaho.

Lowell National Historical Park

The Lowell National Historical Park Quarter is the first of 2019 and the 46th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Lowell National Historical Park preserves and interprets the role of Lowell in the Industrial Revolution, archiving the history of the human story in addition to the industry processes and cultural environment of the time. The era was also defined in part by the “Mill Girls,” young women who were recruited to work in the mills where they earned cash wages and lived in supervised, company-owned boarding houses. They became an important voice for labor by advocating for better working conditions, supporting abolition, and embracing education. It was established as a national site June 5, 1978. The coin design depicts a mill girl working at a power loom with its prominent circular bobbin battery. A view of Lowell, including the Boott Mill clock tower, is seen through the window. Inscriptions are LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, 2019 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Lowell National Historical Park.

120

American Memorial Park

The American Memorial Park Quarter is the second of 2019 and the 47th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. American Memorial Park in Northern Mariana Islands honors the thousands of American troops and local residents of Saipan who gave their lives during the Marianas Campaign of World War II. At the Court of Honor, the American flag is displayed at the center of the Flag Circle and surrounded by the Navy, Marine Corps, Army, and Coast Guard flags. The Court of Honor consists of 26 granite panels inscribed with the names of 5,204 service members who died. It was established as a national site August 18, 1978. The coin design depicts a young Chamorro woman in traditional dress at the front of the Flag Circle and Court of Honor. She is resting her hand on the plaque whose text honors the sacrifice of those who died in the liberation of Saipan. Inscriptions are AMERICAN MEMORIAL PARK, N. MARIANA ISLANDS, 2019 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of American Memorial Park.

121

War in the Pacific National Historical Park

The War in the Pacific National Historical Park Quarter is the third of 2019 and the 48th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The westernmost park of all the National Park Service sites, Guam’s War in the Pacific National Historical Park honors the bravery, courage, and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater during World War II. The park also conserves and interprets a variety of amazing resources found on the Island of Guam. War in the Pacific National Historical Park has the highest biological diversity of any national park, with both underwater and land areas. It was established as a national site August 18, 1978. The coin design depicts American forces coming ashore at Asan Bay, strengthening the number of troops on the island in the fight for Guam and its eventual liberation. Inscriptions are WAR IN THE PACIFIC, GUAM, 2019 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of War in the Pacific National Historical Park.

122

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park

The San Antonio Missions National Historical Park Quarter is the fourth of 2019 and the 49th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The San Antonio Missions were among the largest concentrations of Spanish missions in North America, established in the 1700s, and helped create the foundation for the City of San Antonio, TX. The construction of aqueducts and irrigation canals (acequias) brought water to the missions sustaining farming and ranching. The missions’ toolmaking, carpentry, looming, spinning, and masonry also contributed to the community’s ability to be selfsustaining. It was established as a national site November 10, 1978. The coin design depicts elements of the Spanish Colonial Real coin to pay tribute to the missions. Within the quadrants are symbols of the missions: wheat symbolizes farming; the arches and bell symbolize community; a lion represents Spanish cultural heritage; and a symbol of the San Antonio River represents irrigation methods and life-sustaining resources. Inscriptions are SAN ANTONIO MISSIONS, TEXAS, 2019 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.

123

Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness

The Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness Quarter is the fifth of 2019 and the 50th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness in Idaho is made up of rugged mountains, deep canyons, and wild whitewater rivers, including the Main Salmon River and Middle Fork of the Salmon River. “Frank Church” was attached to the site’s name in honor of late U.S. Senator Frank Church, who played a leading role in its preservation. The area is the largest single connected wilderness in the contiguous States and contains four national forests. It was established as a national site July 23, 1980. The coin design depicts a piloted drift boat on the rushing river encompassed by the trees and rock formations of the wilderness. Inscriptions are RIVER OF NO RETURN WILDERNESS, IDAHO, 2019 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness.

124

2020 America the Beautiful Quarters The five quarters of 2020 feature National Park of American Samoa in American Samoa, Weir Farm National Historic Site in Connecticut, Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve in U.S. Virgin Islands, Marsh-BillingsRockefeller National Historical Park in Vermont and Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in Kansas.

National Park of American Samoa

The National Park of American Samoa Quarter is the first of 2020 and the 51st overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. National Park of American Samoa is located some 2,600 miles southwest of Hawai’i and is one of the most remote in the U.S. National Park System. The site includes sections of three islands—Tutuila, Ta’ū, and Ofu. Almost all of the land area of these volcanic islands—from the mountaintops to the coast—is tropical rainforest. The park’s area totals 13,500 acres, 4,000 of which are under water. It was established as a national site October 31, 1988. The coin design depicts a Samoan fruit bat mother hanging in a tree with her pup. The image evokes the remarkable care and energy that this species puts into their offspring. The design is intended to promote awareness to the species’ threatened status due to habitat loss and commercial hunting. The National Park of American Samoa is the only park in the United States that is home to the Samoan fruit bat. Inscriptions are NATIONAL PARK, AMERICAN SAMOA, 2020 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of National Park of American Samoa.

125

Weir Farm National Historic Site

The Weir Farm National Historic Site Quarter is the second of 2020 and the 52nd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Weir Farm National Historic Site in Connecticut includes a 60-acre cultural landscape consisting of 15 historic structures, including houses, barns, studios, and outbuildings. The landscape features bedrock outcrops, historic gardens, stone terraces, specimen trees, orchards, fields, miles of stone laid walls, a pond, and hundreds of historic painting sites–all expertly preserved. The artistic tradition at Weir Farm is kept alive through a variety of Art in the Park programs, including an artist-in-residence program, free art supplies, night painting, and art lessons. It was established as a national site October 31, 1990. This coin design portrays an artist, wearing a painter’s smock, painting outside Julian Alden Weir’s studio at Weir Farm. It is inspired by various images of the studio and Weir’s paintings created on the property, as well as descriptions of Weir and his fellow artist’s creative inspiration from the rural environment. Inscriptions are WEIR FARM, CONNECTICUT, 2020 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Weir Farm National Historic Site.

126

Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve

The Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve Quarter is the third of 2020 and the 53rd overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve is a living museum on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. It possesses an archeological and historical heritage more than 2,000 years old that exists within a dynamic ecosystem, which supports threatened and endangered species. In 1992, Congress created Salt River Bay as part of the National Park System to preserve, protect, and tell the story of its rich contributions to the Nation’s natural and cultural heritage. It was established as a national site February 24, 1992. This coin design depicts a red mangrove tree in an early stage of its life cycle, as it evolves from a very small plant to an adult tree. The design brings awareness to the park’s endangered mangrove forests and the unique and delicate nature of how the species reproduces in salt water. Inscriptions are SALT RIVER BAY, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS, 2020 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve.

127

Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park

The Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park Quarter is the fourth of 2020 and the 54th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The Marsh-BillingsRockefeller National Historical Park in Vermont is the only national park dedicated to telling the story of conservation history and the evolving nature of land stewardship in America. It was the boyhood home of George Perkins Marsh, one of America’s first conservationists, and later the home of Frederick Billings. The property was given to the American people by its most recent owners, Laurance S. and Mary French Rockefeller. It was established as a national site August 26, 1992. This coin design depicts a young girl completing the planting of a Norway spruce seedling near an established tree, continuing the life cycle of the forest. The child represents the conservationist, seeking to maintain a sustainable forest for future enjoyment and education. Inscriptions are MARSH-BILLINGS-ROCKEFELLER, VERMONT, 2020 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park.

128

Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve

The Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve Quarter is the fifth of 2020 and the 55th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in Kansas encompasses nearly 11,000 acres and is located in the heart of the Flint Hills– the largest expanse of tallgrass prairie left in North America. It is the only unit of the National Park Service dedicated to the rich, natural history of the tallgrass prairie. Authorized in 1996, the enabling legislation for the preserve also directed the National Park Service to interpret the region’s ranching legacy; a portion of the preserve is still grazed by cattle. It was established as a national site November 12, 1996. This coin design depicts a skyward view of a Regal Fritillary butterfly against a backdrop of Big Bluestem and Indian grasses, iconic to Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve. Inscriptions are TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, KANSAS, 2020 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve.

129

2021 America the Beautiful Quarters The quarter of 2021 feature Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site in Alabama.

Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site

The Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site Quarter is the first of 2021 and the 56sth overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program. The Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site in Alabama commemorates the heroic actions and achievements of the famous Tuskegee Airmen. The term “Tuskegee Airmen” pertains to both men and women of diverse nationalities. They were composed of nearly 1,000 pilots and more than 15,000 support staff (including navigators, bombardiers, and mechanics). The site preserves five historic structures used during primary flight training in World War II. It was established as a national site November 6, 1998. The coin design depicts a Tuskegee Airman pilot suiting up to join the fight during World War II with the Moton Field control tower in the background. The pilot looks upward with pride and confidence as two P-51 Mustangs pass overhead. The inscription “THEY FOUGHT TWO WARS” is arced across the top as a reference to the dual battles the Tuskegee Airmen fought–fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home. Inscriptions are TUSKEGEE AIRMEN, ALABAMA, 2021 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site.

130