State Prosecutors vs. Muro
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1. State Prosecutors vs. Muro [A.M. No. RTJ-92-876. September 19, 1994]
%ore+) e"h!)e retr+"t+o) p#b*+he +) the )e$p!per ! b!+ %or +m++) the "!e D3S
FACTS: 1. The t!te t!te proe"# proe"#tor tor $ho $ho !re member member o% the &'J &'J (!)e* (!)e* o% (roe"#t+o) *e ! "omp*!+)t !!+)t repo)e)t J#e M#ro o) the ro#) o% +)or!)"e o% the *!$, r!/e m+"o)#"t !) /+o*!t /+o*!t+o) +o) o% the the pro/+ pro/++o +o) ) +) the the Coe Coe o% J#+"+ J#+"+!* !* Co)#"t. 2. The "!e "!e !t b!r +)/o*/e +)/o*/e the proe" proe"#t+o) #t+o) o% the the 11 "h!re "h!re !!+) !!+)tt 0me* 0me*! ! M!r"o M!r"o +) /+o*!t /+o*!t+o) +o) o% the the Ce)tr Ce)tr!* !* !) !) Fore+) Fore+) 3"h!)e Retr+"t+o) +) the Ce)tr!* !) C+r"#*!r 965. . The repo) repo)e) e)tt #e +m+ +m+e e !** 11 "!e "!e o*e* o) the b!+ b!+ o% the the repor reportt p#b*+ p#b*+he he %rom %rom the the 2 )e$p )e$p!p !per er 0)#+rer !) &!+* ;*obee"t repe repe!*e !*e the C 965 965 !) !) ther thereb eb +/ete +/ete the "o#rt "o#rt o% +t #r++"t+o) #r++"t+o) to %#rther %#rther he!r the pe)+) "!e th# mot# prop+o +m+e the "!e. ?. @e %#rther %#rther "o)te) "o)te) th!t the the !))o#)"eme)t !))o#)"eme)t o% the the (re+e)t (re+e)t ! p#b*+he +) the )e$p!per h! m!e #"h %!"t ! p#b*+" )o$*ee th!t + #"+e)t %or the #e to t!e #+"+!* )ot+"e $h+"h + +"ret+o)!r o) h+ p!rt. 6. @e)"e, the the "omp*!+)!)t "omp*!+)!)t "o)te) "o)te) th!t th!t the repo)e)t repo)e)t #e #e erre erre +) t!+) #+"+!* )ot+"e o) m!tter he p#rporte to be ! p#b*+" p#b*+" )o$*ee )o$*ee b!e mere* o) the !""o#)t !""o#)t o% the )e$p!per p#b*+"!t+o) th!t the (re. h! *+%te the %ore+) e"h!)e retr+"t+o). !. 0t $! !*o !) !) !"t o% +)e"# +)e"#!b* !b*e e +)or!)t +)or!)t o% the the *!$ )ot to !""or !""or #e pro"e pro"e to the proe"#to proe"#tor r $ho $ere $ere !*re! !*re! !t the t!e o% pree)t pree)t+) +) e/+e)"e e/+e)"e tr+!*e"t+/+t. When the President’s statement was published in the newspa newspaper per, the respon responden dentt judge judge admitt admitted ed of not having seen the ocial tet of !" circular 1#$# thus it was premature premature for him to ta%e judicial judicial notice on this matter matter which is merel& based on his personal %nowledge !) + not based on the public %nowledge that the law re'uires for the court to ta%e judicial notice of.
0SSB3: &+ the repo)e)t #e "omm+t r!/e !b#e o% +"ret+o) +) t!+) #+"+!* )ot+"e o) the t!teme)t o% the pre+e)t *+%t+) the
(he doctrine doctrine of judic judicial ial notice notice rests rests on the wisdom wisdom and discretion of the courts. courts . The po$er to t!e #+"+!* )ot+"e + to be eer"+e eer"+e b "o#rt $+th "!#t+o) "!re must be ta%en that the re'uisite notoriet& eists eists !) e/er re!o)!b*e o#bt o) the #be"t ho#* be prompt* reo*/e +) the )e!t+/e. ;e)e ;e)er!* r!** * pe!+ pe!+) ),, matter matters s of judici judicial al notice notice have have three three material re'uisites: re'uisites : 1< the m!tter m#t m#t be o)e o% "ommo) !) e)er!* e)er!* )o$*ee )o$*ee 2< +t m#t be $e** !) !#thor+t!t+/e* !#thor+t!t+/e* ett*e ett*e !) )ot o#bt%#* o#bt%#* or #)"ert!+) !) < +t m#t be )o$) to to be $+th+) the *+m+t *+m+t o% the #r++"t+o) #r++"t+o) o% the "o#rt. The princi principal pal guide guide in determ determini ining ng what what facts facts ma& ma& be assumed to be judiciall& %nown is that of notoriet& . @e)"e, +t "!) be !+ th!t #+"+!* )ot+"e + limited to facts evidenced b& public records and facts o f general notoriet&. To To ! th!t ! "o#rt $+** t!e #+"+!* )ot+"e o% ! %!"t + mere* another wa& of sa&ing that the usual form of evidence will be dispensed with if %nowledge of t he fact can be otherwise ac'uired. ac'uired. Th+ + be"!#e the court assumes that the matter is so notorious that it will not be disputed. "ut judicial notice is not judicial %nowledge. %nowledge . The mere pero)!* pero)!* )o$*ee o% the #e #e + )ot the #+"+!* )o$*ee o% the "o#rt, !) he + )ot !#thor+Ge to m!e h+ +) +)+/+ +/+# #!* )o$ )o$*e *e e o% ! %!" %!"t, )ot e)er!** !** or pro% pro%e e+ +o) o)!* !** * )o$ )o$), ), the the b!+ b!+ o% h+ h+ !"t+ !"t+o) o).. )udicial
cogni*ance is ta%en onl& of those matters which are +commonl& %nown. Th+) o% H"ommo) )o$*ee,I o% $h+"h "o#rt t!e #+"+!* )ot+"e, m! be m!tter "om+) to the )o$*ee o% me) e)er!** +) the "o#re o% the or+)!r eper+e)"e o% *+%e, or the m! be m!tter $h+"h !re e)er!** !""epte b m!)+) ! tr#e !) !re "!p!b*e o% re! !) #)#et+o)e emo)tr!t+o). Th#, facts which are universall& %nown, and which ma& be found in enc&clopedias, dictionaries or other publications, are judiciall& noticed, provided the& are of such universal notoriet& and so generall& understood that the& ma& be regarded as forming part of the common %nowledge of ever& person. In this case, repo)e)t #e, +) the #+e o% eer"++) +"ret+o)
!) o) the b!+ o% ! mere )e$p!per !""o#)t $h+"h + omet+me e/e) re%erre to ! he!r! e/+e)"e t$+"e remo/e, too #+"+!*
)ot+"e o% the #ppoe *+%t+) o% %ore+) e"h!)e "o)tro*, ! m!tter $h+"h $! )ot !) "!))ot be "o)+ere o% "ommo) )o$*ee or o% e)er!* )otor+et. ore, he too "o)+G!)"e o% !) !m+)+tr!t+/e re#*!t+o) $h+"h $! )ot et +) %or"e $he) the orer o% +m+!* $! +#e. )urisprudence dictates that judicial notice cannot be ta%en of a statute before it becomes e-ective. The re!o) + +mp*e. law which is not &et in force and hence, still ineistent, cannot be of common %nowledge capable of read& and un'uestionable demonstration, which is one of the re'uirements before a court can ta%e judicial notice of a fact. @e)"e, +t $! +mpo+b*e %or J#e M#ro !) $! +mproper %or h+m to h!/e t!e) "o)+G!)"e o% the C C+r"#*!r No. 1? $he) +t $! )ot et +) %or"e !t the t+me the +mpro/+e)t orer o% +m+!* $! +#e
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