Start Up India: Effectiveness and Actual Implementation On Ground Level
October 2, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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TUMWU Y^ OFEOM 0 IHHIDUOXIF IHHIDUOXIFITT ITT MFE MDUYMK OJ^KIJIFUMUOBF BF LWBYFE KIXIK OFUWBEYDUOBF M fiw gusofiss vifturi wcodc os of ots ofotomk stmli bh bpirmtobf mfe giloffofl tb lrbw mfe eirovis ots hofmfdis hrbj mf ofeovoeumk br m sjmkk lrbup bh ofeovoeumks dmf gi eihofie ms m stmrtup. Ot‟s m sdmkmgki gusofiss jbeik wotc tidcfbkbly, offbvmtobf mfe iftriprifiuromk ofstofdt ms ots gmdagbfi. Ttmrtups mri oeims tcmt jmfohists oftb dbjjirdomk ufeirtmaofl mfe tmais m jbfitmry hbrj mfe drimtis vmkui. Eihofotobf bh m stmrtup 0Mfy kilmk iftoty wokk gi oeiftohoie ms m stmrtup oh0
Ot os rilostirie br ofdbrpbrmtie fbt probr tb < yimrs Oh ots turfbvir ebis fbt ixdiie 79 drbris of tci kmst 9 yimrs Oh ot‟ ot‟ss wb wbrao raofl fl tbw tbwmre mress off offbv bvmto mtobf bf,, eivikb eivikbpji pjift ft,, eipkb eipkbyji yjift ft,, mfe dbjjirdomkosmtobf bh fiw prbeudts, prbdissis, br sirvodis erovif gy tidcfbkbly br oftikkidtumk prbpirty.
Wilostrmtobf hbr m Ttmrt Yp dmf gi ebfi bfky gy tci hbkkbwofl iftotois 0
^mrtfirscop horj Kojotie komgokoty pmrtfirscop horj ^rovmti kojotie dbjpmfy
Uci stmrtup ifvorbfjift of Ofeom cms giif podaofl up. ^ibpki mri fb jbri mkoif tb tci dbfdipt mfe hufdtobfofl bh m stmrtup. Ttmrtups cmvi giif m jm`br dbftrogutbr of fmtobfmk lrbwtc mfe cms giif m solfohodmft pmrt bh tci Ofeomf Idbfbjy. Mddbreofl tb FMTTDBJ ripbrt bh 7>=9, Ofeom cbusie 4=>> stmrtups mfe cms giif lrbwofl ivir sofdi.
Tofdi 7>=5, stmrt-ups cmvi dbkkidtoviky rmosie $9> gokkobf mdrbss 4,>+ eimks. Uciri mri 79>+ qumkoty mddikirmtbr-ofdugmtbr systijs, mfe mgbut 9>> ofstotutobfmk mfe 7,>>> mdtovi ofvistbrs. Uci idbsystij cms mkrimey yoikeie 9>>+ mdquosotobfs mfe drimtie ,>>> `bgs. Giflmkuru, Jujgmo, mfe Eikco-FDW cbusi 9> pirdift bh mkk mdtovi stmrt-ups, mfe cmvi ijirlie ms lkbgmk
pkmyirs. \otc \otc 4?,>> 4?,>>>+ >+ stmrtstmrt-ups ups mfe 4 44+ 4+ ufodbr ufodbrfs, fs, Ofeom Ofeom os tbemy cbji tb tci tci tcore kmrlist stmrt-up idbsystij, gicofe bfky tci YT mfe Dcofm. ^rb`idtobfs ofeodmti tcmt gy 7>79, Ofeom jmy wikk cmvi =>>,>>>+ stmrt-ups, ijpkby 4.79+ jokkobf, mfe prbeudi =>>+ ufodbrfs, wotc m tbtmk jmrait vmkui fbrtc bh $9>> gokkobf.
Mjoest mkk tcos, ot wms drotodmk hbr tci Lbvirfjift tb cikp hbstir tci lrbwtc bh stmrt-ups hurtcir mfe cifdi tci pbkody, Ttmrt-up Ofeom. Ttmrtup Ofeom os m hkmlscop ofotomtovi bh tci Lbvirfjift bh Ofeom, oftifeie tb guoke m strbfl idbsystij tcmt os dbfeudovi hbr tci lrbwtc bh stmrtup gusofissis, tb erovi sustmofmgki idbfbjod lrbwtc mfe lifirmti kmrli sdmki ijpkbyjift bppbrtufotois. Uci Lbvirfjift, tcrbulc tcos ofotomtovi tmaif bf =8tc bh @mfumry, 7>=8 gy Cbf‟gki ^roji Jofostir mojs tb ijpbwir stmrtups tb lrbw tcrbulc offbvmtobf offbvmto bf mfe eisolf. Tivirmk prblrmjs cmvi giif ufeirtmaif sofdi tci kmufdc bh tci ofotomtovi. Uci sdciji cms pibpki giif ofotomtie tb cikp tci pibpki,sbwcb wmft tb stmrt tcior tcij bwf gusofis gusofiss. s. Ucisi cmvi oeims mfe dmpmgokoty lbvirfjift wokk lovi suppbrt tb jmai suri tciy dmf ojpkijift tcior oeim mfe lrbw. Ttmrt-up Ofeom os mf ofotomtovi gy tci Lbvirfjift bh Ofeom of breir tb cikp hbstir tci lrbwtc bh stmrt-up idbsystij of Ofeom. Ot wms mffbufdie bf =9 tc Mulust 7>=9 gy tci ^roji Jofostir. Uci mdtobf pkmf ufeir tci ofotomtovi os hbdusofl bf tcrii proji mrims0
=. Tojp Tojpkoho kohodmtob dmtobf f mfe Cmfe Cmfecbke cbkeofl ofl 7. Huf Hufeofl eofl Tup Tuppbr pbrtt mfe mfe Of Ofdift diftovis ovis 4. Ofeu Ofeustry stry md mdmeij meijom om ^mrt ^mrtfirs firscop cop mfe OOfdug fdugmtob mtobf f Tbji gifihots ufeir tci ofotomtovi mri0 =. 7. 4. 5. 9. 8. -7> ms tci Eidmei bh Offbvmbf mfe tcmt tci Lbvirfjift cms strissie tci fiie tb vbdmkozi m pbkody
tb syfirlozi sdoifdi, tidcfbkbly & offbvmbf mfe cms mksb istmgkoscie tci Fmbfmk Offbvmbf Dbufdok (FOD). Ci mksb colckolcts tci lbvirfjifts dbursi hbr Ttmrtup Ofeom wcodc ofdkueis
Fb dmpotmk lmof oh jbfiy os ofvistie of mfbtcir stmrt up Tit up bh Ttmrtup Ofeom cug hbr dkimrmfdi Jbgoki mpps mfe pbrtmks hbr rilostrmbf Fiw Oftikkidtumk ^rbpirty Wolcts ^rbtidbf 3>% rieudbf of pmtift hrii mfe hmst trmdaofl pmtift ixmjofmbf. 7. Mfu Mfurml rml Lm Lmrl rl (7> (7>=8) =8)
Uci wrotir of cos risimrdc pmpir hbdusis bf tci juktuei bh eodukis tcmt Ofeomf stmrt-ups hmdi mfe tci sburdis bh fmfdi mvmokmgki tb tcij. Ci colckolcts tcmt tci dcmkkifli os fbt jiriky lifirmfl ifbulc siie dmpotmk tb survovi gut mksb tb rmosi ifbulc tb ixpmfe, sustmof mfe jmoftmof tci dbjpmfy of tci huturi. Mfurml Lmrl prbpbsis tcmt stmrt-ups scbuke hmdtbr of mkk tci ikijifts, sit m guelit mfe tb try mfe jmoftmof tcos tb tci jmxojuj pbssogki ixtift tb gi suddisshuk. suddisshuk. Ci dbfdkueis gy stmfl tcmt iftriprifiurs mri tci gmdagbfis bh tci ofeustry mfe tci jmrait gy prbvoeofl offbvmbfs mfe fiw oeims tcmt lrbbj mfe gbbst mf idbfbjy. Ucmt smoe tciy skk fiie jbvmbf mfe suppbrt hrbj tci lbvirfjift mfe sbdoity of tirjs bh hufeofl mfe jmfpbwir wcb dmf prbvoei qumkoty tb tcior oeim oeimss mfe grofl tcior oeims tb kohi.
4. Tur Turgco gco @mo @mof f (7>= (7>=3) 3)
Of cir risimrdc mrdki tci mutcbr cms stueoie cbw Ofeom os gidbjofl m dbuftry wotc tci rolct idbsystij hbr tci lrbwtc bh stmrt-ups mrogufl tb tci colc pbpukmbf wcodc prbvoeis m colcir eijmfe mfe m jbvmtie sit bh ybutcs wcb gikoivi of sikh-ijpkbyjift mfe offbvmbf. Uci mutcbr cms hurtcir prisiftie cir mfmkysos bh tci ‛Ttmrt-Yp Ofeom‚ sdciji, tci hufes mkkbdmtie tb vmrobus mrogutis mfe ots hrmjiwbra. Tci cms mksb stueoie tci mdbf pkmf hbr Ttmrt-Yp Ofeom mffbufdie gy tci ^J ms bh @mfumry 7>=8 wcodc jifbfs mgbut tci vmrobus hufe mkkbdmbfs mfe gifits wcodc wbuke gi prbvoeie tb stmrtups. Ub dbfdkuei, tci mutcbr mksb dmkkie mifbf tb cbw Ofeom dmf gi m ufhmvburmgki ifvorbfjift hbr stmrt-ups gidmusi bh ufbrlmfosie mfe hrmljiftie jmraits, kmda bh ufmjgolubus mfe trmfspmrift pbkody jbvis, sdmrdifiss bh dbjjufodmbf sburdis. Tci mksb ijpcmsosis tci rispbfsogokoty
bh lbvirfjift, gol dbrpbrmti cbusis mfe btcir stmaicbkeirs of tci gkbssbjofl bh tcisi stmrt-ups.
5. Tmroam Tcmrjm, T cmrjm, Jro Jrofmk fmk Wm`, Umf Umfym ym Lmfeco (7 (7>=?) >=?) Cmvi stmtie tcmt Ttmrtup Ofeom os m mlscop ofomvi bh tci Lbvirfjift bh Ofeom, mojie tbwmres guokeofl m strbfl idbsystij dbfeudovi hbr tci lrbwtc bh stmrt up gusofissis, tb erovi sustmofmgki idbfbjod lrbwtc mfe lifirmti kmrli sdmki ijpkbyjift bppbrtufois. Uciy cmvi mfmkyzie mfe ixmjofie bgstmdkis rikmtie tb mdquorofl rikivmft fmfdis mfe wbraofl dmpotmk hbr kmtir stmli tb gi prbtmgki, pmyjift rikmtie prbgkijs, fbt dcbbsofl tci rolct hufe bpbf, mfe ifsurofl qumkoty bh prbeudt prbeudt wcoki aiipofl ot kbw dbst. Kmstky, tciy db dbfdkuei fdkuei tcmt mktcbulc lbvirfjift cms tmaif m juktuei bh ofomvis mfe os prbvoeofl hmdokois tb gbbst tcior lrbwtc, skk tciri os m kbfl wmy tb lb. Ttmrtup Ttmrtupss mri hmdofl vmrobus ossuis mfe dcmkkiflis of tirjs bh jmraifl, fmfdi, tidcfbkblodmk mfe btcir rikmtie jmirs. Uciri os m fiie tb meeriss tcisi dcmkkiflis sb ms tb jbvi hbrwmre h brwmre of tci stmrtup `burfiy mfe tb jbvmti iftriprifiurs tb aiip pufl tcior offbvmvi oeims but of tci wbrke mfe turfofl tcij oftb prbtmgki vifturis. 9. ^rbh. Er. Wb Wbscmf scmf T. ^m ^mtik tik of cos pmpir ‛Ttmrt-up Ofeom- Bppbrtufois mfe Dcmkkiflis‚ colckolcts co lckolcts tci ojpbrtmfdi bh stmrt-ups of Ofeom mfe tci ibrts mfe iftcusomsj bh tci Ofeomf Lbvirfjift tb hbstir tcior lrbwtc mfe tci rimsbfs hbr tci smji. Ibrts mri giofl put tb LE^ bhprbvoeofl tci dbuftry hrbj lrmss rbbttb kivik mfeTtmrt Yp ofomvis koaiofdrimsi Ttmrt Yptci Ofeom mri lrimt bppbrtufoty Ofeomf Idbsystij. Tbji bh tci Ttmrt Yps jolct lb bf tb mdcoivi ufodbrf stmtus mfe bpirmti lkbgmkky of btcir eivikbpie br eivikbpofl idbfbjois. Ot os ojpbrtmft hbr lbvirfjifts mfe tci stmrt-ups tb jmai m dbjgofie ibrt tb bvirdbji tci dcmkkiflis hmkkofl Of tcior pmpir ‛M dbfdiptumk stuey bh Ttmrt-up Ofeom- m Wi`uvifmbf‚ ixpkmof tci dbjpkixoty bh stmrfl m gusofiss. Iftriprifiurs ixdoti jbri tcmf tcior oeims mfe stmrt up mfe tci dcmkkiflis tcmt dbji mkbfl wotc tci eidosobf tb stmrt ybur bwf gusofiss cikps of ivbkubf mfe kimrfofl bh tci iftriprifiur. Lbvirfjift cms tmaif tci ofomvi bh brlmfosofl mffumk ofdugmbf dcmkkiflis wcodc cikp of dbfvirsobf bh oeims oftb vomgki gusofiss jbeiks. Lbvirfjift cms
sit up vmrobus risimrdc pmras, gob ofdugmtbrs itd. tb cikp tci stmrt-ups. Eui tb mf ojprissoviky colc fujgir bh Ttmrt-ups of Ofeom, tciri os m irdi dbjpibf. Hofmfdomk jmfmlijift, Dygir siduroty, lmofofl dustbjirs mfe aiipofl up iotc tci jmrait pmdi mri sbji bh tci jm`br dcmkkiflis hmdie gy stmrt-ups. 8. Amj Amjmke mkeiip iip A Amur mur Of cos pmpir ‛Ttmrtup Ofeom0 Dcmkkiflis & Bppbrtufois‚ tmkas mgbut tci surli bh stmrt-ups mfe offbvmbf of Ofeom of ridift yimrs. Hufeofl os m jm`br dbfdirf of tci stmrt-up idbsystij mfe of ridift yimrs Ofeom cms siif mf ofdrimsi of Ttmrt Yp Hufeofl. Ofomvis sudc ms Ttmrt Yp Ofeom gy tci Lbvirfjift os cikpofl of ofdrimsie jbjiftuj of tci lrbwtc of tcos sidtbr. Gut tciri mri sbji dcmkkiflis tcmt os giofl hmdie gy tci Lbvirfjift of tci ojpkijiftmbf bh tci ofomvi. Juk \ofebw dkimrmfdis mfe dbjpkix tmxmbf mssissjift hrmjiwbras mri tci lrimtist dcmkkiflis mfe lbvirfjift cms tb jmai sbji jm`br dcmflis of breir tb ifsuri sjbbtc ojpkijiftmbf bh Ttmrt Yp Ofeom mfe cikp of lrbwtc bh stmrtups. gokkobf tbemy, wcodc os m hrmdbf bh tci $79> gokkobf gy 7>7>. YTM oftirfit gusofiss dbuke lrbw hrbj $75> trokkobf tbemy tb $4.9 trokkobf mfe Dcofm hrbj $> gokkobf tb =.9 trokkobf eurofl tci smji pirobe. Uci sciir sozi bh dcmfli tcmt Ttmrtups dmf dcbbsi tb grofl os jmjjbtc mfe ixpbfifmk. Ttmrtup Ofeom cms giif prbjosie mf ofomk dmpotmk bh =>A drbri bvir m pirobe bh hbur yimrs hrbj tci lbvirfjift. Ucos siie dmpotmk os dmpmgki bh mrmdfl tifhbke ofvistjift gy 7>77. Drieot lumrmftii hbr stmrtup kifeofl os mfbtcir gbbstir. Ucos risimrdc pmpir hbufe tcmt rispbfeifts suppbrtie tci oeim bh hufeofl hbr ofdugmbf diftirs. Uci Lbvirfjift prbpbsmk eb sb, mdrbss Yfovirsois, offbvmbf jbvijifts, risimrdc pmras mfe ofeustry pmras os bf sojokmr kofis. Uci prbjosi bh mf ofomk dmpotmk bh tif tcbusmfe drbris bvir m pirobe bh hbur yimrs hrbj tci lbvirfjift os dmpmgki bh mrmdfl tifhbke ofvistjift gy 7>77. Drieot lumrmftii hbr stmrtup kifeofl os tci gbbstir ebsi riquorie tb lmkvmfozi Ofeomf ofeustry. Cbwivir, tcos risimrdc os kojotie tb =49 rispbfeifts of Jujgmo. M grbmeir gmsi bh rispbfeifts os mkwmys eisormgki. Hurtcir risimrdc dbuke gi dbfeudtie bf rispbfeifts hrbj btcir jitrbpbkotmf dois. Uci ^roji Jofostir ufviokie m =?-pboft mlifem tb tmai hbrwmre tci stmrtup dukturi. Uci mdbf pkmf ofdkueie tmsbps, imsi-bh-ebofl gusofiss, offbvmbf tb cikp iftriprifiurs tb stmrtup mfe lrbw tcior gusofiss(Hbrgis Ofeom, Ttmrtup Ofeom, @mfumry =3, 7>=8). =>.Ofmasco
Uci mutcbr os cir risimrdc pmpirs groiy tmkas mgbut tci stmrt upofeom sdciji, ots strmtilois, bppbrtufois, durrift sdifmrob mfe dcmkkiflis hmdie gy tcos sdciji wcodc tci wcbki wbrke wotfissie bf Tmturemy (=8@mfumry, 7>=8).Tci
stmrts gy tmkaofl mgbut wcmt tci stmrtup sdciji os mfe wcmt os m stmrt up mfe mgbut cbw tb mddikirmti sprimeofl bh tci Ttmrt-up jbvijift. Uci stueois lit oftb Iftriprifiurscop mfe Offbvmbf. Mf iftriprifiur os sbjibfi wcb dbjgofis vmrobus hmdtbrs bh prbeudbf tb prbeudi m sbdomkky vomgki prbeudt. Mf iftriprifiur dmf gi eifie ms m pirsbf wcb cms tci saokk bh tmaofl ofomvi mfe cms tci jbvmbf tb sit up m gusofiss br iftirprosi bh cos bwf mfe wcb mkwmys kbbas hbr gol mdcoivijifts. Offbvmbf dmf gi eifie ms tci mppkodmbf bh fiw oeims tb tci prbeudts, prbdissis, br btcir mdvois bh m rj tcmt kime tb ofdrimsi of vmkui. Tci jifbfs cbw m kbt bh Ttmrt-ups wiri ufmgki tb rimdc tcior hukk pbtifmk eui tb kojotie luoemfdi mfe mddiss. Mfe cifdi tci Lbvirfjift bh Ofeom cifdi tbba sbji jimsuris tb ojprbvi tci imsi bh ebofl gusofiss mfe mksb guokt mf ixdofl mfe ifmgkofl ifvorbfjift hbr tcisi Ttmrt-ups, wotc tci kmufdc bh tci Ttmrt-up Ofeom jbvijift. Uci stmrts ups wiri mksb prbvoeie wotc mf ifvorbfjift wciri tciy dbuke imsoky wbra wotc tci Diftrmk & Ttmti lbvirfjifts, Ofeomf mfe hbriolf XDs, mflik fitwbras, gmfas, ofdugmtbrs, kilmk pmrtfirs, dbfsuktmfts, ufovirsois mfe W&E ofstubfs. o fstubfs. Ttmrt-ups riquori rilostrmbf wotc rikivmft rilukmtbry mutcbrois. Eikmys br kmda bh dkmroty of tci rilostrmbf prbdiss jmy kime tb eikmys of istmgkoscjift mfe bpirmbfs bh Ttmrt-ups, tcirigy rieudofl tci mgokoty bh tci gusofiss tb lit gmfa kbmfs. Ot wms m stip tmaif tb mssost stmrt ups of suddiieofl. Yfeir tci ofomvi, Ttmrtups wiri ixijptie hrbj pmyoflofdbji tmx bf tcior ofdbji hbr tci rst 4 yimrs. Mrbufe 3>% rigmti wms prbvoeie bf kofl m pmtiftmppkodmbf. Uci systij hbr pmtift kofl wms jmei hmst trmda. Uciri wms mf ixijpbf bh tmx bf tcidmpotmk lmofs. M jbgoki mpp wms kmufdcie tb ifmgki stmrt-ups tb lit rilostirie wotcof m emy. Uci mpp mksbprbvoeie m sojpki mppkodmbf hbrj hbr tci rilostrmbf. M wig pbrtmk wms mksb kmufdcie hbr ossuisrilmreofl dkimrmfdis, mpprbvmks mfe rilostrmbfs. Cbwivir, tci rispbfsi tb tci sdciji cms giif sugtki. Ms pir dirtmof jieom ripbrts,tci jmofdmusi cms giif prbdieurmk rbmegkbdas.tci pmrdopmfl ofvistbrs cmvi tb gi rilostirie wotc tci Tiduroismfe Ixdcmfli Gbmre bh Ofeom. Gut sbji bh tci gollist XDs mrif‟t, mfe tci lbvirfjift cms issifmk kyscuffie tcij.M kbt bh iftriprifiurs mfe ofvistbrs tcofa tcmt eijbfizmbf mfe tci kmda bhixots of stmrt-ups gy ofvistbrs mri meeofl tb tci trbugki1 Mir eijbfizmbf, tci ofvistbrs mri mhrmoe tbixot tcior ofvistjift eui tb skujp of tci O^BUcos pmpir mijptie tb mfmkyzi tci gifits mfe dcmkkiflis bh tci pbkody. Mddbreofl tb tcirisimrdc ebfi, wi dmf dbfdkuei tcmt tci ofomvi bh tci lbvirfjift grbulct m eiip mfe kmst kbfloflpbsovi sporot
of tci dbuftry hbr mkk pibpki ybufl mfe bke wcb wmftie tb pursui tcior erimjs bh cmvofltcior bwf suddisshuk stmrt-ups. Ucos dmf gi siif gy tci kmrli fujgir bh mppkodmbfs ridiovie gy tcilbvirfjift. Gut, m kmrli fujgir bh tci jieom ripbrts ripbrtie tcmt bf ofquory tciy‟vi ufeirstbbe tcmci gifits bh tci pbkody cmvi fbt giif dbjpkitiky eikovirie ms prbjosie eui tb gbkifidas eui tbdbrrupbf mfe ofsudoifdy. ==.Er. D TciacmrYpmecy Tciacm rYpmecymy my mfe Er. ^roy ^roymfam mfam Wmwmk (7>=== pirdift bh tcij hmok koai kmda bh ixpiroifdi, pbbr risimrdc br oftirpritmbf bh butdbjis, kmda bh hufes, pbbr br josjmfmlijift bh tci stmrtups itd. tciy mksb jifbf cbw tci lbvirfjift bh Ofeom mkbfl wotc btcir aiy stmaicbkeirs cmvi tb wbra bf m viry dbjpricifsovi mfe dujgirsbji pkmffofl. Uci mutcbr cms mksb dbftijpkmtie dirtmof sullisbfs tb ojprbvi tci stmrtup sdifmrob mfe jmaofl Ofeom tci fixt jbtcir dbuftry bh stmrtups. =7.Mamfascm =7.Ma mfascm Eum (7>=8)
Mamfascm Eum (7>=8) of cir risimrdc pmpir stueois tci rimsbfs hbr stmrfl m gusofiss mfe tci ofuifdi bh lbvirfjift dbbpirmbf. Uciri mri jmfy hmdtbrs wcodc ofuifdi tci ofomk stmli bh tci stmrt-up koai fmfdi, kmfe pirjossobfs, ifvorbfjiftmk dkimrmfdi, hbriolf ofvistjift prbpbsmks, kilmk mspidt itd. Tci tcrbws kolct bf tci vmrobus stips tmaif gy tci lbvirfjift ofvbkvofl tci =? pkmf ofomvi hbr stmrtups wcodc ofdkueis sikh-dirdmbf, rilostir tcrbulc mpp, pmtift prbtidbf, Ws =>,>>> drbri hufe, Fmbfmk Drieot Lumrmftii Urust Dbjpmfy, fb dmpotmk lmofs tmx, fb ofdbji o fdbji tmx hbr tcrii yimrs itd. Tci dbfsoeirs
tcmt tcos ofomvi bh stmrt-ups pkieli rmpoe mpprbvmks hbr stmrfl tci gusofiss, imsoir ixots, tmx rigmtis mfe hmstir rilostrmbf hbr tci pmtifts. Ub dbfdkuei tci mutcbr gikoivis tcmt, iftriprifiurs mri hmdofl prbgkijs gut skk mri rosofl koai m suf. Uciy cmvi tci eitirjofmbf tb situp mfe eovirt tcior ifirly tb pkmf, suppbrt mfe ixiduti tcior erimjs mfe dbftroguti tb tci lrbwtc bh tci idbfbjy. =4.Er. A Tuf Tufmfem mfem (7>===9)
Bjoe Tcmro, GiftbkcbemAmrgmkmio Cbssmof (7>=9) ]of tcior pmpir stmtie tcmt tci vmrobus fmfdomk dcmkkiflis hmdie gy tci Ttmrtups of Ofeom. Ot mksb eipodts tci eodukis hmdie gy tci stmrtups mt tci ofomk stmli. Uci aiy feofls mri jm`br kimp of tidcfbkbly cmvi kie ofvistbrs tb rmosi tci gmr of tirjs bh cbw judc kil wbra iftriprifiurs mri ixpidtie tb eb gihbri ivif potdcofl tcior dbjpmfois. =9.Tmpfm =9.Tm pfm Jmfs Jmfscmfo cmfo & Mf` Mf`mfm mfm Eugiy
Ucrbulc tcos stuey, tci mutcbrs mijpt tb mfmkysi tci dbftrogubf bh wbjif stmrt-ups of idbfbjod eivikbpjift, mfe tb afbw tci vmrobus hmdtbrs h mdtbrs rispbfsogki hbr ifdburmlofl wbjif tb gidbji iftriprifiurs. Ucos stuey mksb lovis mf ofsolct oftb bppbrtufoty mfe prbspidt hrbj stmrt-up Ofeom, stmfe-up Ofeom sdciji bh lbvirfjift tb wbjif iftriprifiurs mfe dcmkkiflis tciy hmdi. Ttmrt-up Ofeom os m stmfe-up Ofeom ofomvi gy lbvirfjift of tci hbrj bh
vmrobus tmx rigmtis, ixijpbfs, rikmxie fbrjs, imsoir ixots mfe mksb rimeoky mvmokmgki drieot tb prbjbti tci tci dukturi bh ift iftriprifiurscop riprifiurscop gy ieudmfl ieudmfl wbjif mgbut tcior coeeif pbtifmks mfe strifltcs tcrbulc iftriprifiuromk broiftmbf prblrmjjis, sprimeofl mwmrifiss mfe dbfsdobusfiss mjbflst wbjif tb upstmli of tci ike bh iftriprifiurscop gy tcior drimvi mfe offbvmvi oeims, jmaofl tcij rimkozi tcior ojpbrtmft pbsobf of tci sbdoity mfe cbw tciy dmf dbftroguti tb tci ifri idbfbjy bh tci dbuftry. Uci stuey wms pkmffie wotc tci bg`idvis bh feofl but tci rbki bh wbjif stmrt-up of idbfbjod eivikbpjift, bh ixmjofofl tci hmdtbrs rispbfsogki hbr ifdburmlofl wbjif tb gidbji suddisshuk iftriprifiurs, bh stueyofl tci bppbrtufois mfe huturi prbspidts hrbj stmrt-up Ofeom, stmfe-up Ofeom hbr stmrt-up wbjif mfe bh drodmkky ixmjofofl tci dcmkkiflis hmdie gy wbjif iftriprifiurs. Ot os mksb stmtie tcrbulc vmrobus sburdis tcmt Ofeom os tci jbst mrmdvi dbuftry hbr wbjif of stmrt-up ms mkjbst bfi tcore bh Ofeom‟s wbrahbrdi dbjprosis bh wbjif. =8.Er =8. Er Cojm Cojmfo fo Tmr Tmremr emr
Ucos pmpir tci mutcbr mojs tb ufeirstmfe tci pirdipbf bh ybutc (stueifts) tbwmres Iftriprifiurscop, tb mfmkysi tci mwmrifiss bh eoirift sdcijis bh Lbvirfjift bh Ofeom mjbfl ybutc, tb ixmjofi tci mwmrifiss bh Ttmrt-up Ofeom Tdciji mjbfl ybutc mfe tb ixmjofi tci rikmbfscop gitwiif Iftriprifiurscop ieudmbf mfe hmjokomroty mgbut Ttmrt-up Ofeom Td Tdciji.Uci ciji.Uci risimrdc scbws tcmt =9.Ttmrt-up os mf bppbrtufoty hbr
mf iftriprifiur tb ieudmti mfe ofspori btcirs wcoki sbji mri tcofaofl bh cbw tb eb mfe wcmt tb eb. Mktcbulc, iftriprifiurs mri hmdofl prbgkijs gut skk tciy mri rosofl koai m suf. Uciy cmvi tci eitirjofmbf tb situp mfe eovirt tcior ifirly tb pkmf, suppbrt mfe ixiduti tcior erimjs mfe dbftrogufl tb tci lrbwtc bh tci idbfbjy. Ucos fiw ofomvi bh stmrt-ups pkieli rmpoe mpprbvmks hbr stmrfl tci gusofiss, imsoir ixots, tmx rigmtis mfe hmstir rilostrmbf hbr tci pmtifts. Ucos ofomvi cbkes tci pbtifmk bh drimfl tci `bgs wcif tci jmfuhmdturofl sidtbr os cmvofl m ebwfhmkk. Hbr mfy fiw oeim tb gidbji suddisshuk vifturi ot riquoris mpprbpromti suppbrt mfe jiftbr. =?.T lbvmrecm l bvmrecmf f , Er J @iymaujm @iymaujmrmf rmf
Uci mutcbr colckolcts tci dbfdipt bh Ttmrt-up Ofeom Dmjpmolf wcodc wms stmrtie bf =9tc mulust, 7>=9. Uci gmsod purpbsi bh tcos mrdki os tb put sbji kolct bf tci stmrt-ups mfe tci ofomvi tmaif gy tci Ofeomf lbvt. Uci Ofdugmbf ifvorbfjift of Ofeom kmls gicofe wcif dbjpmrie wotc tcmt bh dbuftrois koai tci YTM, Dcofm, Grmzok, itd. Jm`broty bh tci ofdugmtbrs birofl ofdugmbf prblrmj kmda strudturie jiftbrofl. Uciri os m josjmtdc wcif ot dbjis tb tci stmrt-ups ixpidtmbfs hrbj tci ofdugmtbrs mfe tci ofdugmtbrs birofls. Uci mutcbr tmkas mgbut cbw tci ofdugmtbrs o fdugmtbrs mfe Mddikirmtbrs dbffui tb pkmy mf ojpbrtmft rbki of tci lrbwtc bh tci Ofeomf stmrtup idbsystij. \otfissofl m 5>% yimr-bf-yimr lrbwtc of tci fujgir bh ofdugmtbrs mfe mddikirmtbrs of Ofeom, jbri bppbrtufois mri fbw mvmokmgki tb stmrt-ups. Uoir 7/Uoir 4 dois mri mksb siiofl trmdbf wotc 88% fiw ofdugmtbrs istmgkoscie of 7>=8, tcus ojpmdfl tci rbbts bh iftriprifiuromk idbsystij. Mdmeijom pkmys tci jbst drudomk rbki of tci lrbwtc bh ofdugmtbrs wotc 4> fiw mdmeijod ofdugmbfs istmgkoscie of 7>=8. Ofomvis gy tci diftrmk mfe stmti lbvirfjifts wokk trollir tci lrbwtc bh ofdugmtbrs mfe mddikirmtbrs of ir 7/4 dois mfe wotc dbrpbrmtis iyiofl stmrt-ups hbr offbvmbf, jbri mfe jbri sidtbr-spidod ofdugmtbrs mfe mddikirmtbrs wokk dbffui tb ijirli of huturi. Uci mgbvi risimrdc pmpir mfmkysis tci rikmbfscop gitwiif Ttmrt-ups mfe Gusofiss Ofdugmbf. Ot ixpkbris tci dcmkkiflis hmdie gy gusofiss ofdugmtbrs. Ot mojs ufeirstmfe tci suppbrt ixtifeie gy tci lbvirfjift tbwmres ofdugmtbrs/mddikirmtbrs. 7>.Jr. Amuscoa Maowmtamr
Uci wrotir tmkas mgbut ofdugmbf giofl m gusofiss suppbrt prbdiss tcmt mddikirmtis tci suddisshuk eivikbpjift bh stmrt-up mfe ielkofl dbjpmfois, mksb rihirrie tb ms –dkoifts‟ Qbh tci ofdugmtbrZ, gy prbvoeofl iftriprifiurs wotc mf mrrmy bh tmrlitie risburdis mfe sirvodis. M stmrtup gusofiss os eifie ms mf brlmfosmbf0 Ofdbrpbrmtie hbr tcrii yimrs br kiss. Mf iftriprifiuromk vifturi/m pmrtfirscop br m tijpbrmry gusofiss brlmfosmbf. Ucos pmpir dbvirs tci dcmkkiflis sudc ms tmkift, hufeofl mfe lrbwtc giofl ojpbrtmft mspidts mfe mksb tci lbvt oftirvifbf mfe sbji tmx ofdifvis. Ot jifbfs tcmt m ufovirsoty os suppbsie tb spmra offbvmbf mfe tb cikp eivikbp fiw tidcfbkblois tcrbulc hriiebj tb wbra mfe tcrbulc jiftbrscop. Uciri os m fiie tb drimti systijmd butrimdc tb iflmli vmrobus stmaicbkeirs sudc ms pbkody jmairs, stmrtup hbufeirs, fmfdomk ofstubfs, gusofiss ofdugmtbrs, ufovirsois, dovok sbdoity, ofeustrois, wcb mri wbraofl of osbkmbf tbemy. Mrdki stmrt up Ofeom Kmufdcie of 7>=8, tci Hufe-bh-Hufes hbr stmrtups os mojie mt sprimeofl m tbtmk suj bh $=.55 Gf (OFW =>,>>> Dr) tb suppbrt =>A stmrtups of Ofeom Ucos mrdki dbvirs vmrobus hmdts sudc ms 75< stmrtups cmvi ridiovie m tbtmk ofvistjift bh OFW =879.=3, mfe tci hufe mkkbdmbf mfe eostrogubf mri dbjofl ebwf hurtcir. =,5?8 pmtift mppkodmbfs cmvi giif lrmftie 3>% rigmti bf kofl ko fl hii wcoki 7,% rigmti bf tci kofl hii mfe vmrobus sudc btcir hmdts wcodc scbwie fujgirs mfe tci mppkodmbfs bh tci stmrt up sdciji Ucif tci mrdki tmkas mgbut ot's mdmeijod iflmlijift mfe cbw tci lbvt pkmffie tb pkmdi < risimrdc pmras. Uci sivif kbdmbfs wcb cmvi ridiovie tcos mri OOU Eikco, OOU Amfpur, OOU Lmfecofmlmr, OOU Jujgmo, OOU Luwmcm, OOU Acmrmlpur, OOU Cyeirmgme mfe OOTd Gmflmkbri. Ot hurtcir tmkas mgbut ot's huturi pkmfs mfe ot's tmaiwmys hrbj tci sdciji. Uci oftift bh tcos ivift wbuke gi tb pbsobf Ofeom ms tci fixt stmrtup eisfmbf.
MWUODKIT =. Ttmrt-up Ofeom0 ^bkodois mgbufe mgbufe gut kojotie ojp ojpmdt mdt bf lrbufe
Ucos mrdki jmofky hbdussis bf tci bf tci dcmkkiflis tcmt tci stmrt-up Ofeom dmjpmolf grofls of prmddi. Ttmrt-ups mfe ofeustry ixpirts strbflky hikt tcmt tciri wms fivir m jbri prissofl fiie hbr Jofojuj Mktirfmti Umx (JMU) tb gi ofdkueie ms pmrt bh tcos tmx grima mfe hbr mflik tmxis tb gi struda ebwf dbjpkitiky. Cbwivir, fb sudc rmeodmk ixdipbf wms jmei tb tci brolofmk pbkodois of tci prblrmjji - fiotcir bf tci ojpbsobf bh JMU fbr bf mflik tmxis, gbtc bh wcodc wbuke dbffui tb cmuft stmrt-ups. Mfbtcir prbgkij wotc tci pkmf os tcmt tci gifit os bfky mppkodmgki tb stmrt-ups ofdbrpbrmtie mir Mprok =, 7>=8. Ucos jimfs m vmst jm`broty bh tci stmrt-ups hbrjie gihbri tcmt emti mri fbt ikologki hbr tci sdciji. ^rivobusky jifbfie mflik tmx wbuke mksb erovi tci ofvistbrs mwmy ms ot imts oftb tci stmrtups jbfiy. Uci dbuftry's stroflift tmx riloji cms giif bfi bh tci aiy rimsbfs wcy gusofissis prihir tb aiip tcior eostmfdi hrbj stmrfl bpirmbfs of Ofeom. Ttmrtups mksb hmdi tci dcmkkifli bh systijmd ofidoifdois mfe dbrrupbf-rikmtie dbjpkodmbfs, wcodc jbri bif tcmf fbt, jmfohists otsikh of tci hbrj bh dbfvbkutie eimkofls wotc stmti mfe eostrodt mejofostrmbf hbr kmfe mkkbtjift kodifsis mfe dirdmbfs. Bf tbp bh stroflift tmx pbkodois tci mrdki mksb jifbfs tcmt of breir tb mvmok mfy gifit ms m stmrt-up, tciy cmvi tb hbkkbw m stroflift sit bh drotirom tb ivif rilostir ms m stmrt-up wotc bfky m tcore qumkohyofl ms bfi. Cbwivir, eispoti tci mrdki stmfl mkk tci scbrtdbjofls bh tci stmrt-up Ofeom prblrmjji , tci mrdki ifes bf m pbsovi fbti tcmt ot wokk skk lovi iftriprifiurscop m judc-fiieie gbbst of Ofeom. 7. \cir \ciri i ebis –Ttmrt –Ttmrtup up Ofeom Ttmfeu Ttmfeup p Ofeom‟ stmfe fbw2
Ucos mrdki gy Tcwitm Jbelok, scies kolct ko lct bf tci quisbf bh cbw prbtmgki tci Ttmrtup Ofeom sdciji cms giif hbr stmrt-ups of Ofeom gy gidbjofl m dbuftry wotc m cimktcy idbsystij hbr tci buroscofl buroscofl bh tcisi dbjpmfois. Uci wrotir colckolcts tcmt Ttmrtup Ofeom wms tci rst bfi bh ots aofe sdciji of Ofeom tb prbvoei lrbwtc bppbrtufois tb tcos griie bh iftriprifiurs, wcb eoe fbt gikbfl tb mfy pbwirhuk hmjokois, mfe cikp tcij grofl tcior offbvmvi
gusofiss oeims tb kohi. Uci wrotir tmkas mgbut mkk tci ofomvis tmaif gy tci lbvirfjift tb lovi m pusc tb fiw iftriprifiurs koai dbjpkomfdi gmsie bf sikh-dirdmbf, m jbgoki mpp tb prbvoei bf-tci-lb mddissogokoty hbr rilostirofl stmrtups wotc rikivmft mlifdois bh tci Lbvirfjift, drimbf bh m Ttmrtup Ofeom cug, kilmk suppbrt mfe hmst-trmdaofl pmtift ixmjofmbf mt kbwir dbsts, tmx ixijpbf hbr stmrt-ups, prbvoeofl hufeofl suppbrt tcrbulc m Hufe bh Hufes wotc m Dbrpus bh Ws =>,>>> Dr, mfe kmufdcofl bh Mtmk Offbvmbf Jossobf. Tci tcif lbis bf tb dbjpmri tci prbjosie dbrpus tb ‛Hufe bh Hufes hbr stmrt ups‚ (HHT) mt =>,>>> drbri rupiis , wotc tci mdtumk wciri TOEGO cms dbjjoie =739 drbri tb 7< vifturi dmpotmks wcb hurtcir eosgursi tcisi hufes tb tci stmrt-ups. Uci mutcbr mksb smys tcmt tci EO^^ wms fbt ojprissie gy tci kbw eosgursijift bh hufes ufeir tci sdciji mfe wms kimrft tb cmvi ufeirtmaif gihbri m ^mrkomjiftmry pmfik tcmt ot wbuke fbt jmai mfy rikimsis tb TOEGO eurofl H_=3 mfe H_=?. Uci rimsbf giofl dotie os ‛ufspift gmkmfdi‚. Uci lbvirfjift cme sit mf mjgobus tmrlit bh drimfl =.3 gokkobf `bgs ufeir tcos sdciji gut cms sb hmr drimtie bfky 3>,>>>. 4.Cbw suddisshuk os ^J Jbeo‟s Ttmrtup Ofeom Uci mrdki smys tcmt tci prisift Jbeo lbvirfjift cms lovif m pusc tb tci gueeofl iftriprifiurs gut ot skk cms m kbfl wmy tb lb oh ot woscis tb mdcoivi tci tmrlits mfe prbjosis jmei gy ot ufeir tci Ttmrtup Ofeom sdciji Mddbreofl tb tci tci mrdki , vmrobus mspidts bh tci Ttmrtup Ofeom sdciji cmvi giif ifkostie mkbfl wotc gifits mfe iidvifiss . surviy bh bh =9A stmrtups, bfky =3% bh tci rispbfeifts smoe tciy Mddbreofl tb m surviy mdtumkky gifitie hrbj tci Ttmrtup Ofeom sdciji. Bvirmkk, Ttmrtup Ofeom cms prbvoeie m jm`br pusc tb tci dbuftry‟s iftriprifiuromk mfe offbvmvi sporot. Mddbreofl tb Ofd57‟s Ttmti Bh Uci Uidc Ttmrtup Idbsystij Wipbrt 7>=3, 7>=3, Ofeom fbw cms 78 ufodbrfs mfe jbri tcmf 4= sbbfodbrfs. Bvirmkk, stmrtups cmvi drimtie m vmkui bh $=4> Gf. Mt tci dbri bh tci Ttmrtup Ofeom prblrmjji mri tci stmti stmrtup pbkodois, wcodc tci stmtis cmvi stmrtie tb tmai sirobusky ufeir tci bvirvoiw mfe luoemfdi bh Eipmrtjift bh Ofeustromk ^bkody mfe ^rbjbbf (EO^^) mfe tci Diftri. Uci EO^^ ridiftky rikimsie tci Ttmti Ttmrtup Wmfaofls bf tci gmsos bh tci Ttmrtup ^bkody Hrmjiwbra hbr 7>=3 ufeir wcodc Lu`mrmt wms rmtie tci
–Gist-pirhbrjofl stmti‟, wcoki Amrfmtmam, Wm`mstcmf, Beoscm, mfe Airmkm tbba tci tki bh tci –Ubp-pirhbrjofl stmtis.‟ Bfi bh tci oftirisfl mspidts bh tcisi rmfaofls wms tci EO^^‟s ibrt tb colckolct tci strifltc mfe wimafissis bh imdc stmti of m sipmrmti stmti ripbrt, of wcodc tciy colckolctie tci stips hbrwmre hbr tci stmti tb pirhbrj giir. \otc tci oftrbeudbf bh tci Hufe bh Hufes wbrtc OFW =>,>>> Dr, tci Ofeomf lbvirfjift tbba tci rst stip of jmaofl stmrtups m vomgki jimfs bh kovikocbbe mfe fbt `ust – `ulmme `ulmme ‟ (m Cofeo wbre jimfofl mf ojprbvosie br ojprbjptu sbkubf tb sbjitcofl). Mksb, ot jmei tci ybutc bh tci dbuftry kbba mt iftriprifiurscop ms m vomgki dmriir bpbf.
Gitwiif 7>=8-7>=?, =9,==4 stmrtups wiri ridblfosie ufeir tci Ttmrtup Ofeom prblrmjji mdrbss 5?7 eostrodts of 7? stmtis mfe sox Yfobf tirrotbrois 99% bh tci ridblfosie stmrtups mri hrbj Uoir = dois, 7 drbri rupiis hufe os situp gy tci lbvirfjift tb prbvoei hufes tb tci stmrtups ms vifturi dmpotmk. Uci lbvirfjift os mksb lovofl lumrmftii tb kifeirs tb ifdburmli gmfas mfe btcir hofmfdomk ofstotutobfs hbr imsoir mddiss tb hufes hbr stmrtups. Uci Yfobf Dmgofit tci istmgkoscjift bh "Hufe bh Hufes hbr Gmfa Ttmrtups" (HHT)mpprbvie of @ufi 7>=8 mt 7>=8 mt tci Tjmkk Ofeustrois Eivikbpjift bh Ofeom (TOEGO) hbr dbftrogutobf tb vmrobus Mktirfmtovi Ofvistjift Hufes (MOH), rilostirie wotc Tidurotois mfe Ixdcmfli Gbmre bh Ofeom (TIGO) wcodc wbuke ixtife hufeofl suppbrt tb stmrtups. Uci =>>>> drbris jiftobfie mgbvi os tci dbrpus hbr HHT.
Umx cbkoemy hbr 4 yimrs - Ttmrtups wokk gi ixijptie hrbj ofdbji tmx hbr tcrii yimrs prbvoeie tciy lit m dirtohodmti hrbj tci Oftir-Jofostiromk Gbmre (OJG). Mpmrt hrbj tcos tci lbvirfjift cms mksb imsie tci fbrjs hbr mflik tmx.
W&E hmdokotois - < fiw Wisimrdc ^mras wokk gi situp tb prbvoei hmdokotois tb stmrtups. Uciy cmvi sit msoei m hufe bh Ws. 83> drbris hbr tci eivikbpjift bh risimrdc pmras.
Umx smvofls hbr ofvistbrs - ^ibpki ofvistofl tcior dmpotmk lmofs of tci vifturi hufes situp gy tci lbvirfjift wokk lit mf ixijptobf hbr tci smji. Ucos wokk cikp stmrtups tb mttrmdt jbri ofvistbrs.
Imsy ixot - M stmrtup dmf dkbsi ots gusofiss wotcof ?> emys hrbj tci emti bh mppkodmtobf bh wofeofl up. JDM cms fbtohoie Ttmrt Yps ms –Hmst Urmda horjs‟ ifmgkofl tcij tb wofe up tcior bpirmtobfs of ?> emys vosî-vos =3> emys hbr btcir dbjpmfois. Mf ofsbkvifdy prbhissobfmk scmkk gi mksb gi mppboftie hbr tci dbjpmfy mfe ot koquoemtobf prbdiss mfe pmyofl bhh tci drieotbrs.
Jiit btcir iftriprifiurs - Uci lbvirfjift cms prbpbsie tb cbke 7 stmrtup hists mffumkky, gbtc fmtobfmkky mfe oftirfmtobfmkky, tb ifmgki vmrobus iftriprifiurs tb ixpmfe tcior fitwbra dbfsoeirmgky.
Mdtumk ojpkijiftmtobf bh tcisi gifihots/sdcijis ufeir Ttmrt Yp Ofeom 0-
\coki tci ofotomk hufes mkkbdmtie kbba tb gi sugstmftomk, tci mdtumk mkkbdmtobf bh hufes, hufes, ms bh @mfumry 5, 7>=3, cms giif m pmktry Ws 8>9 drbris, wcodc wms mkkbttie tb =< MOHs, wcodc cmvi dbfsiquiftky ofvistie of >> bhhodomkky ridblfozie stmrtups, tcos holuri dkimrky ofeodmtis wcy stmrtups mri stokk strullkofl tb siduri hufeofl hrbj tci lbvirfjift eispoti tci jmssovi mkkbdmtobf. Uci lbvirfjift cme mksb prbvoeie hbr tmx ixijptobf sdciji ufeir Ttmrt Yp Ofeom. Cbwivir ms pir emtm upemtie tokk @uky 75, 7>=3, bfky 33 stmrtups wiri dirtohoie hbr lrmft bh ofdbji tmx ixijptobf gy tci EO^^ but bh tci 7,=?< mppkodmfts tcmt dmji of tokk tcmt emti — m eosjmk 5 pir dift stroai rmti. Bh tci 949> stmrtups ridblfosie ms bh 7>=3, =>
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