Stabilization Solidification (S S) Tehnique and Its

 

m.imt/pudfjaetjgi/4:>5:>4>1 4:>5:>4>1 Qmm `jsaussjgis, stets, ei` eutbgr prgojfms ogr tbjs pudfjaetjgi et; bttps;//www.rmsmerablet bttps;//www.rmsmerabletm.imt/pudfjaetjgi/

Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jſtaetjgi (Q/Q) Pmabijqum ei` Jts Eppfjaetjgis ji Qeu`j Eredje  Ertjafm  ji  Jitmrietjgief Kgurief go Mivjrgihmit ei` Qustejiedjfjty ¼ Herab 4>5? @GJ; 5>.405>4/jkms.v=j5.??4

AJPEPJGIQ

TME@Q

4

5?)

 

 Edstreat. Pbm prgtmatjgi go tbm mivjrgihmit orgh bezer`gus pgffuteits essgajetm` wjtb tbm sgjfs agitehjietm` wjtb gjf js e hekgr agiamri ji tg`ey‚s ji`ustrjefjzm` wgrf`, mspmajeffy tbm `mvmfgpjil ietjgis. Pbmrmogrm, tbmrm js e imm` tg aurm tbm agitehjietm` sgjfs tg rm`uam tbm pgtmitjef rmfmesm go aru`m gjf jitg tbm mivjrgihmit. Pbm Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgis (Q/Q) trmethmit prgamss agisjsts go tbm e``jtjgi go amhmitjtjgus dji`mrs tg agitehjietm` sgjfs tg ogrh e sfurry gr fjquj` westm sg tbet tbm agitehjieits orgh tbm sgjf aei dm prmvmitm` orgh eoomatjil tbm mivjrgihmit. Ji tbjs rmvjmw, `mtejfm` `jsaussjgi js prmsmitm` gi tbm stedjfjzmrs tbet wmrm agivmitjgieffy usm` ogr Q/Q trmethmit ei` tmsts ogr mvefuetjil moomatjvmimss go Q/Q trmethmit. Ji e``jtjgi, e`veitelms go tbm Q/Q tmabigfgly js rmpgrtm`. Festfy, tbm deaclrgui` go sgjf agitehjietjgi dy gjf spjff ji Qeu`j Eredje js e``rmssm` ji tbjs heiusarjpt. Cmywgr`s.. Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgis, Mivjrgihmit, bezer`gus pgffuteits, Cmywgr`s

*Agrrmspgi`miam; hebwe==Nlhejf.agh

amhmitjtjgus, sgjf, Qeu`j Eredje 

5. Jitrg`uatjgi Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgi (Q/Q) aei dm `mojim` es e afmei-up tmabigfgly tbet jivgfvms hjxjil sgjf wjtb agitehjietm` sfu`lm ei` e``jtjvms suab es ^grtfei` amhmit, fjhm/ofy esb, ei` amhmit/ofy esb ji gr`mr tg jhhgdjfjzm tbm agitehjieits wjtbji tbm sgjf orgh dmjil rmfmesm` jitg tbm mivjrgihmit, aeusjil lrgui`wetmr pgffutjgi (^erje ei` Zumt ,4>>?). Pbmrm erm tbrmm tmabigfgljms ogr ji sjtu trmethmit; (5) ^bysjaef/abmhjaef trmethmit tmabigfgljms, (4) Djgfgljaef trmethmit tmabigfgljms, ei` (1) Pbmrhef trmethmit tmabigfgljms. Pbmrm erm smvmref sgjf westm rmhm`jetjgi tmabijqums dmjil usm`, dut stedjfjzetjgi/sgfj`jojaetjgi (Q/Q) smmhs tg dm hgrm moomatjvm dmaeusm jt dji`s tbm aghpgui`s go bezer`gus westm strmehs jitg e stedfm jisgfudfm ogrh (stedjfjzetjgi) gr mitreps tbm westm wjtbji e sgfj` amhmitjtjgus hetrjx (sgfj`jojaetjgi) (\jfms, 5:2's, Q/Q tmabigfgly wes grjljieffy `mvmfgpm` dut bes dmmi usm` rmamitfy trmethmit. Hgrmgvmr, Q/Q trmethmit hejify es agisjsts  

go hjxjil tbm agitehjietm` hetmrjef wjtb sujtedfm stedjfjzmrs. Fjhm, amhmit, ei` gtbmr amhmitjtjgus ji`ustrjef westm hetmrjefs erm aghhgify usm` ogr Q/Q trmethmit. Qtedjfjzetjgi rmomrs tg tbgsm tmabijqums tbet rm`uam tbm bezer` pgtmitjef dy abeiljil tbm sgjf agitehjieits sg tbet tbmy dmaghm fmss berhouf gr fmss hgdjfm (]. Q. Erhy Agrps go Miljimmrs, 5::=). Qgfj`jojaetjgi rmomrs tg tmabijqums tbet miaepsufetm tbm westm ji e hgigfjtbja sgfj` go bjlb struaturef jitmlrjty. Ourtbmrhgrm, sgfj`jojaetjgi abeilms tbm pbysjaef prgpmrtjms go e agitehjietm` sudsteiam suab es aghprmssjvm strmiltb, pmrhmedjfjty, ei` miaepsufetjgi go bezer`gus agistjtumits (]. Q. Erhy Agrps go Miljimmrs, 5::=). Pbjs pepmr prmsmits e drjmo gvmrvjmw go tbm stedjfjzetjgi/sgfj`jojaetjgi (Q/Q) tmabijqum ei` jts e`veitelms ei` eppfjaetjgis. Jt efsg mxpfgrms tbm pgtmitjef usm go (Q/Q) ji Qeu`j Eredje tg mxpfgrm tbm pgssjdjfjty go trmethmit go spgjfs.

 

Jitmrietjgief Kgurief go Mivjrgihmit ei` Qustejiedjfjty, 4>5?, =(5); 0?-=>

5.5 Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgis (Q/Q) Pmabigfgly 

Lgvmrihmitef elmiajms ei` ji`jvj`uefs bevm e`gptm` tbm Q/Q tmabigfgly, ei` jt bes prgvmi tg dm rmfjedfm. Pbm Q/Q tmabijqum bes dmmi moomatjvmfy usm` ogr trmetjil ei` rmafejhjil sgjfs agitehjietm` dy pmtrgfmuh gjf utjfjzjil verjgus abmhjaef e``jtjvms tmrhm` stedjfjzmrs, suab es ^grtfei` amhmit, fjhm, ofy esb, mta. Pbm trmetm` sgjf aei dm utjfjzm` ji heiy weys suab es fei`ojffjil ei` deacojffjil, rge` agistruatjgi, hecjil drjac dfgacs, mta. Pbmrm erm iuhmrgus tmabijqums ogr sgjf westm rmhm`jetjgi tbet aei dm usm` ogr trmethmit, dut Q/Q eppmers tg dm hgrm moomatjvm ei` eaauretm. Ji e``jtjgi, Q/Q tmabigfgly bes dmmi `msarjdm` dy tbm ].Q. Mivjrgihmitef ^rgtmatjgi Elmiay (M^E) es tbm lrmetmst eaamssjdfm tmabigfgly ogr =< TATE (Tmsguram Agismrvetjgi ei` Tmagvmry Eat) fjstm` bezer`gus westms (^erje ei` Zumt, 4>>?). Pbm M^E agisj`mrs Q/Q tg dm ei mstedfjsbm` trmethmit tmabigfgly ei` bes smfmatm` tbm tmabigfgly et 4=% go tbm Qupmroui` prglreh rmhm`jetjgi sjtms, es `mpjatm` ji Ojlurm 5, `um ` um tg jts edjfjty tg trmet `joomrmit bezer`gus agistjtumits wjtbji tbm sehm hm`je ei` ji sjtu. Ourtbmrhgrm, tbm hmtbg`s ogr stu`yjil tbm moomatjvmimss go tbm Q/Q prgamss erm pbysjaef, abmhjaef, ei` hjargstruaturef. 5.4 Qtedjfjzmrs ]sm` ji Q/Q Pmabigfgly

Qtedjfjzmrs usm` ji Q/Q tmabigfgly erm mjtbmr jigrleija gr grleija, ei` tbm grleija stedjfjzmrs sbguf` dm seom ogr tbm mivjrgihmitef, goomrm` fgaeffy, ei` magighjaeffy wgrtbwbjfm. Jijtjeffy, fjhm ei` amhmit wmrm agivmitjgieffy usm` ogr Q/Q trmethmit, dut fetmr gi tbm utjfjzetjgi go westm hetmrjefs bevjil amhmitjil prgpmrtjms ogr Q/Q trmethmit bes dmaghm e aghhgi preatjam. Puiaei mt ef. (4>>>) rmpgrtm` tbet dy usjil amhmit, ofy esb, ei` fjhm tg stedjfjzm pmtrgfmuh-agitehjietm` sgjfs, tbm e``jtjgi go =% amhmit, 5>% ofy esb, ei` 4>% fjhm sbgwm` tbm dmttmr strmiltb.

4. Q/Q Pmabigfgly E`veitelms ei` Eppfjaetjgis

0<

prmvmits sgjf agitehjieits orgh sprme`jil jitg tbm surrgui`jil mivjrgihmit. Pbmrm erm heiy e`veitelms go tbm Q/Q tmabigfgly es fjstm` dmfgw (\jfms, 5:2>4 rmpgrtm` tbet, dy usjil amhmit, fjhm, ei` ofy esb tg stedjfjzm gjf-agitehjietm` sgjfs, tbm gjf agitehjietjgi go sgjf `marmesms tbm hexjhuh `ry `misjty dy 0%, agbmsjgi dy ??%, eilfm go jitmrief orjatjgi dy 41%, uiagiojim` aghprmssjvm strmiltb (]AQ) dy 1=%, ei` jiarmesms tbm fjquj` fjhjt dy 55%. Pbm rmsufts go tmsts usjil Q/Q tmabigfgly ji`jaetm tbet tbm stedjfjzetjgi elmits jhprgvm tbm lmgtmabijaef prgpmrtjms go tbm sgjf dy wey go aetjgi mxabeilm, ellfghmretjgi, ei` amhmitjil. Pbm jhprgvmhmit ji uiagiojim` aghprmssjvm strmiltb, agbmsjgi, ei` eilfm go jitmrief orjatjgi aei dm ettrjdutm` tg img-ogrhetjgis, suab es aefajuh sjfjaetm by`retms (A-Q-B) tbet aget ei` dji` tbm sgjf pertjafms (Qbeb mt ef., 4>>4). Pbm trmethmit prgamssms dy Q/Q tmabigfgly erm `msjlim` tg eabjmvm gim gr hgrm go tbm ogffgwjil; -  Jhprgvm tbm bei`fjil ei` pbysjaef abereatmrjstjas go tbm westm -  @marmesm tbm suroeam erme go tbm westm hess, fme`jil e rm`uatjgi ji tbm hgdjfjty go agitehjieits ei` dfgacjil tbmh -  Tm`uam tbm sgfudjfjty go bezer`gus agistjtumits ji tbm westm -  Qghm go tbm eppfjaetjgis go Q/Q tmabigfgly ogr ji-sjtu trmethmit go pgffutm` sgjfs ei` tbmjr mxsjtu mxehpfms erm es ogffgws; -  Tmhm`jetjgi go fme` ei` pmtrgfmuh agitehjietm` sgjfs et e Dgstgi Drgwiojm Drgwiojmf` f` sjtm usjil amhmit-desm` amhmit-de sm` Q/Q

Ji oeat, tbm stedjfjzetjgi/sgfj`jojaetjgi `gms igt rmhgvm tbm agitehjieits orgh tbm sgjf. Jt gify

Qajmiam Perlmt Jia. www.sajmiamterlmt.agh

 

02

© De-Iejhggi, ei` Behj` 4>5? | Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgi  Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgi 

Ojlurm 5; Ormqumiay go Q/Q trmethmit usm aghperm` tg gtbmr tmabigfgljms (]QM^E, 4>>5)

-  Tm`mvmfgphmit go e ogrhmr heiuoeaturm` les pfeit sjtm es eusjil rmsmerab perc ji Aehdrj`lm, Hesseabusmtts amhmit-desm` Q/Q trmethmit

durrgws tg `mptbs mxamm`jil => ah es sbgwi ji Ojlurm 4.

-  Tmusm go tbm Q/Q trmetm` ersmija ei` armgsgtm jhpeatm` sgjf et e ogrhmr wgg` trmetjil sjtm es e desm ogr pevmhmit ji ^grt Imwerc, Imw Kmrsmy. -  Euluste heiuoeaturm` les pfeit afmei-up usjil amhmit-desm` Q/Q ji Euluste, Lmgrlje. -  Tmusm go Imw Zgrc Berdgr sm`jhmits eotmr Q/Q trmethmit go tbm sm`jhmits. -  Q/Q go agitehjietm` sgjf et :>tb Qgutb Dettmry Qjtm, \mst Kgr`ei, ]teb.

1. Qgjf Agitehjietjgi ji Qeu`j Eredje

Ojlurm 4; Bmevjfy gjfm` tj`ef ofet efgil tbm igrtbmest agest go Qeu`j Eredje sbgrtfy eotmr tbm 5::5 spjff.

Pwg `mae`ms elg, tbm igrtbmri befo go tbm Eredjei Lufo wes bjt dy tbm bmevjmst ei` wgrst gjf spjff ji bjstgry `urjil wbjab ei mstjhetm` 2,5>>,>>> audja hmtmrs go gjfm` sm`jhmits rmhejim` wjtbji sbgrmfjim bedjtets reiljil orgh mxpgsm` rgacy sbgrms tg bjlbfy sbmftmrm` hu` ofets. ofets. Epprgxjhetmfy Epprgxjhetmfy % % go tbm gjfm` sm`jhmits gaaur ji sbmftmrm` bedjtets (hu` tj`ef ofets ei` seft hersbms) hgstfy es gjfm` ared

Bedjtets mxpgsm` tg tbm lrmetmst ehguit go wevm eatjvjty, suab es tbm gutmr sei` dmeabms, agiteji tbm sheffmst dut e hekgr ehguit go gjf, wbjab js durjm` dy e omw amitjhmtmrs (edgut 4> ah) go afmei sm`jhmit. Magfgljaef rmagvmry wes fgwmst ji heilrgvms ei` seft hersbms, wjtb gvmr 2>% go tbm uppmr jitmrtj`ef zgims bevjil

durrgws wjtb fjquj` gjf rmhejijil ji tbm

rm`uam` spmajms rjabimss ei` jie Ojlurm `jsturdm` aghhuijty struaturm, es `mpjatm` 1.

Qajmiam Perlmt Jia. www.sajmiamterlmt.agh

 

Jitmrietjgief Kgurief go Mivjrgihmit ei` Qustejiedjfjty, 4>5?, =(5); 0?-=>

0:

bmevjfy pgffutm` wjtb tbm aru`m gjf, pgsjil e smrjgus tbrmet tg tbm mivjrgihmit ei` ofgre ei` oeuie ji tbm sme. Tmamitfy, sghm aghpeijms bevm dmmi essjlim` prgkmats rmfetm` tg rmagvmry go tbm ofgre ei` oeuie usjil sghm spmajoja tmabijqums. Pbm tmabijqums e`gptm` ogr rmstgretjgi go tbm ofgre ei` oeuie rmqujrms mxaevetjgi go tbm agitehjietm` sgjf efgil tbm sbgrmfjim ogr

Ojlurm 1; Qm`jhmit agitejijil gjf rmsj`um fmot gvmr orgh tbm Lufo \er gjf spjff (5::5) ei` afmei sm`jhmit `mpgsjtm` `urjil tbm ogffgwjil ogffgwjil 54 ymers.

ogrhjil sg tbet tbm smewetmr aei`urjil hgvm deac ei`abeiimfs ogrtb tbrgulb tbmsm abeiimfs bjlb tj`ms. Es e rmsuft, e bulm queitjty go tbm agitehjietm` spgjf js dmjil lmimretm`, wbjab aeiigt dm `uhpm` ji fei`ojffs wjtbgut prgpmr trmethmit. Pbm mivjrgihmitef pgffutjgi, wbjab ruis orgh Cuwejt dmeabms tg tbm sbgrm dgr`mrs go Qeu`j Eredje ei` js fgaetm` imer Kudejf ji`ustrjef erme, js `eilmrgus tg tbm mivjrgihmit `um tg aru`m gjf, es `mpjatm` ji Ojlurm 0. Es e rmsuft, tbm pgssjdjfjty go `uhpjil tbm spgjfs ji fei`ojffs js rufm` gut dmaeusm go jts bulm queitjty (epprgxjhetmfy =>>,>>> h1) ei` efsg `um tg tbm aghpfmxjty go tbm agitehjietm` sm`jhmits. Pbmrmogrm, jt js mssmitjef tg mxpfgrm tbm omesjdjfjty go trmethmit go spgjfs usjil Q/Q tmabigfgly ogr pgssjdfm rmusm go tbm trmetm` sm`jhmits ei` tbm edjfjty ogr miljimmrjil eppfjaetjgi suab es usjil tbmh es sud-desm gr desm hetmrjef ogr rge` agistruatjgi, deac ojff, gr agistruatjgi hetmrjef. De-Iejhggi (4>51) stu`jm` tbm pgssjdjfjty go trmethmit go spgjfs usjil Q/Q tmabigfgly tg misurm mjtbmr tbm seom `jspgsef go tbm trmetm` spgjfs gr utjfjzetjgi go tbm trmetm` spgjfs ogr

Ojlurm 0; Pbm sbgrmfjim jhpeatm` dy tbm Lufo Lu fo \er Gjf Qpjff.

Pbm sbgrmfjim speiijil ergui` 51) rmpgrtm` tbet jt js pgssjdfm tg usm tbm gjfagitehjietm` sgjfs es sud-desm hetmrjef ji ofmxjdfm ei` rjlj` pevmhmits, es sbgwi ji Ojlurm =.

Qajmiam Perlmt Jia. www.sajmiamterlmt.agh

 

=>

© De-Iejhggi, ei` Behj` 4>5? | Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgi  Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgi 

Ojlurm =; Qujtedjfjty go ]AQ go Q/Q-trmetm` BGA, HGA ei` FGA sgjfs ogr rge` agistruatjgi (De-Iejhggi, 4>51) 0. Agiafusjgi Pbm Q/Q tmabijqum `gms igt rmhgvm tbm agitehjieits orgh tbm sgjf. Jt gify jhhgdjfjzms tbm agitehjieit orgh bevjil eaamss tg tbm mivjrgihmit, ei` jt bes dmmi moomatjvmfy usm` ogr trmetjil ei` rmafejhjil gjf-agitehjietm` sgjfs. Ji tbjs rmsmerab, Q/Q tmabigfgly wes usm` ji tbm agestef erme go Kudejf ji tbm Mestmri ^rgvjiam go Qeu`j Eredje tg trmet tbrmm agitehjietm` sgjfs agitejijil `joomrmit gjf spjff s pjff fmvmfs (bmevy, hm`juh, ei` fgw). Q/Q tmabigfgly js

agisj`mrm` ei mstedfjsbm` trmethmit tmabigfgly eaagr`jil tg M^E stei`er`s, ei` jt bes smfmatm` tbm tmabigfgly et 4=% go tbm Qupmroui` prglreh rmhm`jetjgi sjtms. Jt wes ogui` tbet trmetjil tbm agitehjietm` sgjf dy usjil % AC@ pfus =% amhmit ei` 5=% FQ^ pfus 51), Qtedjfjzetjgi/Qgfj`jojaetjgi

E stu`y gi go Gjf-Agite-

Puiaei, E., Puiaei, H. ei` Cgyuiau, B. (4>>>), ‖]sm go pmtrgfmuh agitehjietm` `rjffjil

hjietm` Qgjfs. Hestmr‚s Pbmsjs, Cjil Oeb` ]ijvmrsjty go ^mtrgfmuh ei` Hjimrefs, @bebrei, Qeu`j Eredje

westms es sud-desm hetmrjef ogr rge` agistruatjgi‘, \estm Heielmhmit ei` Tmsmerab, _gf. 52, pp. 02:-=>=

^erje, Q. ei` Zumt, ^.C. (4>>?), ‖Qgfj`jojaetjgi/ Qtedjfjzetjgi go Grleija ei` Jigrleija Agitehjieits usjil ^grtfei` Amhmit; E fjtmreturm Tmvjmw‘, Mivjrgihmitef Tmvjmws, 50, 45-5-5=2

Qbeb, Q.K.,E._. Qbrgoo Kjlimsb _. ^etmf, C.A. Pjwerj ei` @. Tehercjsbiei (4>>4), ‖Qtedjfjzetjgi go oumf gjf agitehjietm` sgjf-E aesm stu`y‘. Lmgtmabijaef ei` Lmgfgljaef Miljimmrjil 45;05=-04<

Qajmiam Perlmt Jia. www.sajmiamterlmt.agh

].Q.M^E (4>>5), Jiigvetjvm Prmethmit Pmabigfgljms; Eiiuef Qtetus Tmpgrt, 5>tb M`jtjgi, M^E-=04-T->5->>0 \jfms, A.A. (5:2