SSS 2018 - Ra11199

 

^MJ VMGCGVVGOJ THDG@C TJDZRG^W C@Q Cja`c B`sgs< R.@. 0050, R.@. =2=2, R.@. 00077 hr tmj –Thdg`c Tjdurgty @dt he 260=‛ R@^GHO@CJ BJMGON ^MJ JO@D^KJO^ HE ^MJ THDG@C TJDZRG^W C@Q Njdc`r`th `r`tho o he Vhcg Vhcgdy. dy. - Gt gs tmj phcgdy he tmj Tjdho 2. Njdc Tt`tj Tt` tj th jst jst`bc `bcgsm gsm,, njvjch njvjchp, p, prhkht prhkhtj j `on pjrejd pjrejdtt ` shuon shu on `on vg`bcj vg`bcj t`x-jxjk t`x-jxjkpt pt shdg` shdg`cc sjdurg sjdurgty ty sys systjk tjk sug sugt`b t`bcj cj th tmj ojjns ojjns he tmj pjhpcj pjhpcj tmrhuamh tmrhuamhut ut tmj Vmgcgppgo Vmgcg ppgojs js wmgdm sm`c sm`ccc prhkhtj shdg`c shdg`c lusdj tmrhuam tmrhuam s` s`vg vgoa oas, s, `o `on n josu josurj rj kj kj`o `ogo goae aeuc uc sh shdg dg`c `c sj sjdu durg rgty ty prhtjdho prhtjd ho th kjkbjrs kjkbjrs `on tmjgr bjojdg`r bjojdg`rgjs gjs `a`gost `a`gost tmj m`z`rns m`z`rns he ngs`bgcgty, ngs`bgcgty, sgdiojss, sgdiojss, k`tjr k`tjrogty, ogty, hcn `aj, nj`tm, nj` tm, `on htmjr htmjr dhooa dhooajod jodgjs gjs rjsuc rjsucoa oa go chss he  godhkj hr o`odg`c burnjo. ^hw`rns tmgs jon, tmj Tt`tj sm`cc jonj`vh jonj`vhrr th jxtjon shdg`c shdg`c sjdurgty sjdurgty prhtjdho prhtjdho th Egcg Egcgpg pgoh oh whri whrijr jrs, s, chd`c hd`c hr hvjr hvjrsj sj`s `s,, `on tmjg tmjgrr bjojdg`rgjs.

Go tmj pursugt he tmgs phcgdy, ` shdg`c sjdurgty prhar`k sm`cc sm`cc bj njvjch njvjchpjn pjn jkpm`s jkpm`sgzg gzgoa oa tmj v`c v`cuj uj he "wh "whri, ri, s`vj, govjst `on p prhspjr". rhspjr". ^mj k`xgkuk k`xgkuk prht`bgcgty he  govjsbcj euons `on rjshurdjs he tmj prhar`k sm`cc bj josurjn tmrhuam ` ducturj he jxdjccjodj go k`o`ajkjot arhuonjn upho shuon `on jdgjot phcgdgjs jkpchygoa gotjro`ho`ccy rjdhaogzjn bjst pr`ddjs.

by tmj c`w pursu`ot th tmj phcgdy he he tmj Tt`tj th prhvgnj shdg`c sjdurgty th tmj whrigoak`o. ^mj bjoj jojtts `rj spjdg jdgd`ccy njdc dc` `rjn oht tr`o tr`ose sejr jr`b `bcj cj `on `on jxjk jxjkpt pt er erhk hk t`x, t`x, cja` cja`cc prhdjssjs prhdjs sjs `on cgjos cgjos.. (TTT vs. N`v`d, j. `c., A.R. Oh.205>2, Lucy 46, 0755) J]DJV^GHO< ^mj jst`tj k`y b`sgd`ccy

bjdhkj tmj –bjojdg`ry‛ wmjo< h h

^mj bjojdg`ry gs tmj jst`tj gtsjce9 Oh bjojdg`ry w`s jxprjsscy njsgao`tjn9 hr

h

Ge tmj njsgao`ho he tmj bjojdg`ry gs vhgn.

- ^`x jxjkpt. Gts purphsj gs oht ehr r`gsgoa rjvjoujs. (Dhos Js`j vs. TTT) - ^mj euons dhotrgbutjn th tmj Tystjk bjchoa th tmj kjkbjrs wmh wgcc rjdjgvj bjojts, `s ` k`jr he rgamt, wmjojvjr wmjojvjr tmj m`z`rns prhvgnjn by tmj c`w hddur. - Euons mjrjgo `rj prgv`tj euons wmgdm bjchoas th tmj kjkbjrs `on `rj kjrjcy mjcn go trust by tmj ahvj ahvjro rokjo kjot. t. (Rh (Rhk`o k`o D`mhc D`mhcgd gd @rd @rdmbg mbgsmh smhp p he  K`ogc` vs. TTD)

U@CGNG^W HE ^MJ THDG@C TJDZRG^W C@Q

^mj jo`dtkjot he tmj Thdg`c Tjdurgty C`w gs ` cjagk`tj jxjrdgsj he phcgdj phwjr. Gt gs go eucc `ddhrn wgtm tmj dhostuho dhos tuho`c `c prhvgsghos prhvgsghos ho tmj –prhkhho –prhkhho he shdg`c shdg`c  lusdj th gosurj tmj wjcc-bjgoa `on jdhohkgd sjdurgty he  `cc tmj pjhpcj.‛ pjhpcj.‛ (Rhk`o D`mhcgd @rdmbgsmhp he K`ogc` vs. TTD) GKVHR^@O^ VRGODGVCJT ^H RJKJKBJR

- Dhostrujn cgbjr`ccy go e`vhr he tmhsj sjjigoa gts bjojts. (Er`oicgo B`ijr Dh. vs. TTT) - Oht ` c`w he suddjssgho. Gt gs oht tmj mjgrs he tmj jkpchyjj but tmj NJTGAO@^JN BJOJEGDG@RGJT wmh `rj th rjdjgvj tmj shdg`c sjdurgty bjojts. (^jdsho vs. TTT, 4 TDR@ 14:) - Oht Oht p` p`rt rt he tm tmj j jst` jst`tj tj he ` kjkb kjkbjr jr.. Bj Bjoj ojt tss rjdjgv`bcj uonjr tmj TTT C`w `rj go tmj o`turj he ` spjdg`c prg prgvgcjaj vgcjaj hr `o `rr`oajkjot sjdurjn

QMH @RJ DHOTGNJRJN @T JKVCHWJRT  @ON JKVCHWJJT ZONJR TJD. TJD. =, R.@. 00077 JKVCHWJR @oy pjrsho, o`tur`c hr  lurgngd`c, nhkjsd hr ehrjgao, wmh d`rrgjs ho go tmj Vmgcgppgojs Vmgcgppgojs `oy tr`nj, busgojss, gonustry, uonjrt`igoa, hr `dvgty he ` `oy oy igon igon `on usjs tmj sjrvgdjs he `ohtmjr pjrsho wmh gs uonjr mgs hrnjrs `s rja`rns tmj jkpchykjot.

JKVCHWJJ @oy pjrsho wmh pjrehrks sjrvgdjs ehr `o jkpchyjr go w wmgdm mgdm jgtmjr hr bh bhtm tm kjot`c kjot`c hr pmysgd`c jhrts `rj usjn `on wmh rjdjgvjs dhkpjos`ho ehr sudm sjrvgdjs, wmjrj tmjrj gs `o jkpchyjr-jkpchyjj rjc`hosmgp.

 

HBCGA@^GHO ^H V@W VRJKGZKT/DHO^RGBZ^GHOT - Jkpchyjj Jxdjpt< Ahvjrokjot `on `oy he gts phcgd`c subngvgsghos, br`odmjs hr gostrukjot`cgjs,

- Jkpchyjr Vrhvgnjn, ^m`t ` - Tjce-jkpchyjn sjce-jkpchyjn pjrsho sm`cc bj bhtm jkpchyjj Ohtj< Zonjr Tjd. 2>j he R@ 00070, tmj c`w rjqugrjs tmj prjsjot`ho t`ho he tmj Thdg`c Tjdurgty Tjdurgty Oukbjr he ` pjrsho pjrsho `on jkpchyjr `t prjsjo `s ` dhong dhongho ho ehr jkpchy jkpchykjo kjot. t. ^mgs ^mgs shdg`c shdg`c sjdurg sjdurgty ty tmj s`kj kj. oukb oukbjr jr wgcc wgcc bjdhk jdhkj j yhur yhurst sth h ijjp ijjp `on `on ho hodj dj yhu yhu bjdhkj bjd hkj ` kjkbjr kjkbjr he tmj TTT, TTT, yhu wgcc wgcc `cw`ys `cw`ys bj ` kjkbjr ehr cgej.

godcungoa dhrphr`hos hwojn hr dhotrhccjn by tmj Ahvjrokjot9 Vrhvgnjn, ^m`t ` sjce-jkpchyjn pjrsho sm`cc bj bhtm jkpchyjj `on jkpchyjr `t tmj s`kj kj.

DHUJR@AJ Tjd. 7, R@ 00077

(`) Dhvjr`aj go tmj TTT sm`cc bj dhkpucshry upho `cc jkpchyjjs jkpch yjjs godcu godcungoa ngoa i`s`k i`s`kb`m`y b`m`yss hr nhkjsd whrijrs oht hvjr sgxty (56) yj`rs he `aj `on tmjg tmjgrr jkpc jkpchy hyjr jrs< s< Vrhv Vrhvgn gnjn jn,, ^m` ^m`tt `oy bjojt bjojt `crj`ny j`rojn by tmj jkpchyjjs uonjr prgv`tj bjojt pc`os jxg xgs so oa `t tmj tmj kj he tmj tmj `pprhv`c `ppr hv`c he tmgs @dt sm`cc oht oht bj ngsdhooujn, ngsdhooujn,

Qjcc-sjcjn gs tmj rucj tm`t tmj k`on`thry dhvjr`aj he  R@ 0050, `s `kjonjn, gs prjkgsjn ho tmj jxgstjodj he  `o jkpchyjr-jk jkpchyjr-jkpchy pchyjj jj rjc`hosmgp rjc`hosmgp.. (D (Dh h vs. Vjh Vjhpcj pcj,, 2667)

DHO^GOAJODGJT (wmjo tmj rgamt th `v`gc he tmj DHO^GOAJODGJT bjojts uonjr tmj c`w `rgsjs) - Ngs`bgcgty - Tgdiojss/Golury - K`tjrogty - Rjrjkjot - Nj`tm - Htmjr dhooajodgjs rjsucoa rjsucoa go chss he godhkj hr o`odg`c burnjo. (Tjd. 2)

THDG@C TJDZRG^W TWT^JK UT. JKVCHWJJT DHKVJOT@^GHO VRHAR@K TTT

JDD

Dhooajodgjs k`y oht bj whrirjc`tjn.

Dhooajodgjs kust bj whri-rjc`tjn.

rj rjnu nudj djn n hr ht htmj mjrw rwgs gsj j gkp` gkp`gr grjn jn-B)

pjosghos.

@ kjkbjr, wmh gs oht hvjr 56 yj`rs hcn wmh m`s p`gn `t cj`st 45 khotmcy dhotrgbuhos, 02 khotms he  wmgd gdm m smhuc hucn bj go tmj tmj 0= 0=-k -kho hotm tm pjr pjrgghn Ge mj m`s oh prgk`ry bjojdg`rgjs `on mj ngjs wgtmgo wm kkjn jng` g`tj tjcy cy prjd prjdj jngoa ngoa tmj go govh vhccuot` uot`rry 56 khotms khotms erhk tmj st`r st`rtt he khotmcy pjosgho pjosgho,, mgs gkk sjdhon`ry bjojdg`rgjs sm`cc bj jotcjn th ` cukp uojkpchykjot hr sjp`r`ho, sm`cc bj p`gn< su suk k bj bjoj ojt t jqugv jqugv`c `cjo jott he tmj tht`c tht`c khotm khotmcy cy pjosghos dhrrjsphongoa th tmj b`c`odj he he tmj :-yj`r Khotmcy d`sm p`ykjots jqugv`cjot th :6% he tmj au`r`o au` r`otjjn tjjn pjrghn pjrghn.. Jxdcung Jxdcungoa oa tmj njpjo njpjonjo njots ts `vjr`aj khotmcy s`c`ry drjngt ehr ` k`xgkuk he 2 pjosgho. khotms, prhvgnjn tm`t9 0. Mj

d`o hocy dc`gk bjojts hodj jvjry 4 yj`rs, `on

KHO^MCW VJOTGHO (Tjd. 02)

 @khuot he Khotmcy Khotmcy Vjosgho 0.

2. Go

^mj suk he V466 pcus twjoty pjrdjot (26%) he  tmj `vjr`aj khotmcy s`c`ry drjngt (@KTD) pcus twh twh pj pjrd rdjo jott (2%) (2%) he tmj tmj @KTD @KTD eh ehrr j`dm j`dm drjngtjn yj`r he sjrvgdj (DWT) go jxdjss he tjo (06) yj`rs9 hr

2. Ehrty pjrdjot (>6%) he tmj

@KTD9 hr

d`sj he dhodurrjodj he twh hr khrj dhkpjos`bcj dhooajodgjs, hocy tmj mgamjst bjojt sm`cc bj p`gn.

NGT@BGCG^W BJOJEG^T Vjrk`ojot ^ht`c Ngs`bgcgty (Tjd. 04-@)

4.

V0,666 ge tmj kjkbjr cjss kjkb kjkbjr jr wmh wmh m`s m`s p`gn p`gn `t cj`s cj`stt 45 khot khotmc mcy y DWT9 V0,266 ge wgtm `tm`n cj`st tjotm`o (06)tjo DWT9(06) hr @ dhotrgbuhos prghr th tmj sjkjstjr he ngs`bgcgty sm`cc V2,>66 ge wgtm `t cj`st twjoty (26) DWT. bj jotcjn th khotmcy pjosgho. Vrhvgnjn< 0. Ge

Ohtj<  @vjr`aj khotmcy s`c`ry drjngt  — tmj rjsuct hbt`gojn hbt`g ojn by ngvgngoa ngvgngoa tmj tmj suk he tmj c`st 56 khotmcy khotmcy s`c`ry s`c`r y drjngts gkkjng`tjc gkkjng`tjcy y prjdjng prjdjngoa oa tmj sjkjstjr sjkjstjr he  dhooajody dhoo ajody by 56, hr tmj rjsuct rjsuct hbt`gojn hbt`gojn by ngvgngoa ngvgngoa tmj suk he `cc tmj khotmcy khotmcy s`c` s`c`ry ry drjngts p` p`gn gn prghr th tmj sjkjstjr he dhooajody by tmj oukbjr he he khotmcy dhotrgbuho dhotrg buhoss p`gn go tmj s`kj pjrghn, pjrghn, wmgdmjvj wmgdmjvjrr gs arj`tjr.

mj m`s oht p`gn p`gn tmj rjqugrjn dhotrgbuh dhotrgbuhos, os, mj sm`cc bj jotcjn th< ▬

Cukp suk bjojt jqugv`cjot th

khotmcy pjosgho kjs tmj oukbjr he khotmcy dhotrgbuhos p`gn th tmj TTT9 hr 02 kjs tmj khotmcy pjosgho, wmgdmjvjr gs

mgamjr.

Ge ` pjrsho njdgnjs th rjjkpchy, mj sm`cc `a`go bj subl bljd jdtt th dhkp dhkpuc ucsh shry ry dhvj dhvjr` r`aj aj `on `on sm sm`c `ccc bj @nngho`c V0666 sm`cc bj agvjo th `cc rjrjkjot, su nj`tm, `on ngs`bgcgty pjosghojrs rjdjgvgoa khotmcy dhosgnjrjn ` ojw kjkbjr. pjosghos go hr `jr L`ou`ry 2601.

 @nngho`c Khotmcy Khotmcy Bjojt @cchw @cchw`odj `odj

Njpjonjots‗ Vjosgho (Tjd. 02-@)

Qm`t ge tmj pjosghojr wgtm pjrk`ojot tht`c  ngs`bgcgty ngjs8

Go tmj tmj jvjo jvjott tm tm`t `t tmj tmj pj pjos osgh ghoj ojrr m` m`n n ngjn ngjn,, m` m`n n Vrgk`ry bjojdg`rgjs sm`cc bj jotcjn th rjdjgvj tmj khotmcy y pjo pjosgh sgho. o. Vrh Vrhvgn vgnjn9 jn9 Ge mj m`s oh prgk`r prgk`ry y pj pjrk rk`o `ojo jott th tht` t`cc ngs` ngs`bg bgcg cgty ty hr m` m`n n rjrj rjrjn, n, tmj tmj khotmc nj njpj pjon onjo jots ts sm sm`c `ccc bj p` p`gn gn 06% 06% he tmj tmj kh khot otmc mcy y bjojdg`rgjs, ge mj m`s oh prgk`ry bjojdg`rgjs `on mj ngjs wgtmgo 56 khotms erhk tmj st`rt he khotmcy pjosgho hr V2:6, wmgdmjvjr gs mgamjr. pjosgho, mgs sjdhon`ry bjojts sm`cc bj jotcjn th ` ^mgs sm`cc bj p`gn ehr j`dm njpjonjot dmgcn bhro ho hr bje bjehrj hrj tmj dhooajod dhooajody y but oht jxdj jxdjjng jngoa oa :, bj bjag agoo oogo goa a wgtm wgtm tmj tmj yhuo yhuoaj ajst st `o `on n wgtm wgtmhu hutt substuho. Cjagk`tj dmgcnrjo `rj prjejrrjn.

cukp suk bjojt jqugv`cjot he tmj tht`c khotmcy pjosghos dhrrjsphongoa th tmj b`c`odj he tmj :- yj`r au`r au`r`o `otjj tjjn n pj pjrg rghn hn jxdc jxdcun ungo goa a tmj tmj nj njpj pjon onjo jots ts pjosgho.

 

Qm`t ngs`bgcgjs `rj njjkjn pjrk`ojot  tht`c8 0. Dhkpcjtj chss he sgamt he bhtm jyjs9 2. Chss he twh cgkbs `t hr `bhvj

tmj `oicj hr

wrgsts9 4. Vjrk`ojot dhkpcjtj p`r`cysgs he twh

cgkbs9 >. Br`go golury rjsucoa th godur`bcj gkbjdgcgty hr gos`ogty9 `on :. Tudm d`sjs njjkjn `on `pprhvjn by TTT.

Vjrk`ojot V`r`c Ngs`bgcgty (Tjd. 04-@) Bjehrj 45 Khotmcy Dhotrgbuhos

Vjrdjot`aj he tmj cukp suk bjojt.

 @jr 45 Khotmcy Dhotrgbuhos

Khotmcy pjos Khotmcy pjosgho gho ehr pjrk`ojot tht`c ngs`bgcgty p`y`bcj oht choajr tm`o tmj pjrghn njsgao`tjn by c`w.

 @khuot he Bjojts ^mj khotmcy pjosgho njpjons ho tmj kjkbjr‗s p`gn dhotrgbuhos godcungoa tmj drjngtjn yj`rs he sjrvgdj `on tmj oukbjr he njpjonjot kgohr dmgcnrjo but oht th jxdjjn :. Ohtj< Ge ` njdj`sjn kjkbjr gs survgvjn by cjss tm`o : kgohr cjagk`tj, cjagk`tjn, hr cja`ccy `nhptjn dmgc dmgcnr nrjo, jo, tmj tmj gccj gccjag agk k`t `tj j kgoh kgohrr dmgcn dmgcnrj rjo o wgcc wgcc bj jotcjn th :6% he tmj sm`rj he cjag ag k`tj, cjagk`tjn, hr cja`ccy `nhptjn dmgcnrjo go tmj b`sgd b`sgd pjosgho `on 066% he tmj njpjonjots‗ njpjonjots‗ pjosgho. Ge tmj tmjrj rj `rj oh cja cjagk gk`tj, `tj, cjagk`tj cjagk`tjn, n, hr cja`cc cja`ccy y `nhptjn dmgcnrjo, tmj gccjagk`tj dmgcnrjo sm`cc bj jotcjn th 066% he tmj b`sgd pjosgho. ^mj jotcjkjot th bjojts `s ` prgk`ry bjojdg`ry rjqugr rjq ugrjs js oht hoc hocy y cjagk cjagk`dy `dy but `cs `csh h njpjon njpjonjod jodj j upho tmj kjkbjr

EZOJR@C BJOJEG^ (Tjd. 04-B) Ge ` pjrsho wmh gs ho p`r`c ngs`bgcgty rjrj hr ngjs, mgs ngs`bgcgty pjosgho sm`cc dj`sj upho mgs rjrjkjot hr nj`tm.

@khuot< Euojr`c ar`ot gs jqugv`cjot th V02,666 p`gn go d`sm hr igon.

Pu`cgd`ho he Tphusj-Bjojdg Tphusj-Bjojdg`ry `ry NJ@^M BJOJEG^T (Tjd. 04) Nj`tm Bjojt gs ` d`sm bjojt jgtmjr go khotmcy pjosgho hr cukp suk p`gn th tmj bjojdg`rgjs he ` njdj`sjn kjkbjr.

Ar`o Ar`otj tjn n ho hocy cy th tmj tmj prgk`ry prgk `ry bjoj bjojdg`rg dg`rgjs js he ` njdj`sjn kjkbjr wmh m`n p`g `gn n 45 kho khotmc tmcy dhotrgbuhos bjehrj tmj sjkjstjr he   nj`tm.

Ge tmj k`rrg`aj w`s djcjbr`tjn `jr tmj rjrjkjot he tmj kjkbjr, `oy he tmj ehcchwgoa dgrdukst`odjs dgrdukst`odjs gs prjsjot< - ^mj sphusjs sphusjs wjrj cgvgoa cgvgoa thajtmjr `s musb`on musb`on `on wgej wgtmhut cja`c gkpjngkjot th k`rry j`dm

^ypjs he Nj`tm Bjojts Khotmcy Vjosgho

Kust m`vj bjjo cja`ccy k`rrgjn th tmj rjrjj pjosghojr `t tmj kj he nj`tm.

Cukp Tuk Ar`o Ar`otjn tjn th pr prgk gk`r `ry y bjojdg dg` `rgjs he ` njdj njdj`s `sjn jn kjk kjkbjr wmh wm h m` m`n n p p`g `gn n cj cjss ss tm`o tm`o 45 khot khotmc mcy y dhotrgbuhos bjehrj tmj sjkjstjr sjkjstjr nj`tm. ^mj sjdhon`ry bjojdg`rg bjoj dg`rgjs js sm`cc sm`cc bj jo jot tcj cjn n th ` cukp ukp suk.

htmjr prghr prghr th tmj rjrjkjot rjrjkjot he tmj kjkbjr9 kjkbjr9 hr - ^mj survgvgoa sphusj w`s rjphrtjn `s bjojdg`rysphusj go tmj TTT Ehrks prghr th tmj rjrjkjot he tmj kjkbjr9 hr - @ dm dmgc gcn n w`s w`s bh bhro ro nu nurg rgoa oa tmj tmj jxgs jxgstj tjod odj j he tmj tmj k`rrg` k`r rg`aj aj bjtwjjo bjtwjjo tmj rjrjjrjrjj-pjo pjosgh sghojr ojr `on tmj survgvgoa sphusj9 hr - Bjehrj k`rrg`aj, ` dmgcn w`s bhro bhro nurgoa tmj kj tmj sphusjs wjrj cgvgoa thajtmjr `s musb`on `on wgej wgtmhut cja`c gkpjngkjot th k`rry j`dm htmjr9 hr - ^mj k`rrg`aj bjtwjjo tmj survgvgoa sphusj `on rjrjj-pjosg rjrjjpjosghojr hojr gs jst`bcgsmjn jst`bcgsmjn th m`vj bjjo dhotr`dtjn oht ehr `oy er`unucjot purphsj. Go tmgs tmgs rja rja`rn `rn,, tmj TTT Br`odm Br`odm dhodjro dhodjrojn jn sm`cc sm`cc

 

dhonudt `o `pprhprg`tj govjsa`ho th s`sey tmgs rjqugrjkjot. Kust m`vj bjjo njpjonjot ehr supphrt upho tmj rjrjj-pjosg rjrjjpjosghojr hojr nurgoa nurgoa tmj jxgstjodj jxgstjodj he k`rrg`aj k`rrg`aj (TTT Hdj Hrnjr Oh. 2606-62). Ge ` wgej wgej gs `c `crj rj`n `ny y sj sjp` p`r` r`tj tjn n nj e` e`dt dth h er erhk hk mj mjrr musb`on, smj d`ooht bj s`gn th bj "njpjonjot ehr supphrt" upho tmj musb`on, `bsjot `oy smhwgoa th tmj dhotr`ry dhotr`ry.. Dhovjr Dhovjrsjc sjcy, y, ge gt gs prhvjn prhvjn tm`t tmj musb`on `on wgej wjrj scc cgvgoa thajtmjr `t tmj kj he mgs nj`tm, nj`tm, gt whucn bj s`ej s`ej th prjsukj prjsukj tm`t smj w`s njpjon njpjonjot jot ho tmj musb`on musb`on ehr supphr supphrt, t, uocjss gt gs smhwo tm`t smj gs d`p`bcj d`p`bcj he prhvgngoa eh ehrr mj mjrs rsjc jcee (TT (TTT T vs. @au`s @au`s,, A.R. Oh. 05::>5 05::>5,, Ejb. 21, 2665).

ngvh ngvhrdj rdjs. s. Gt ngn ngn oh ohtt sjvj sjvjrr mj mjrr k` k`rr rrg` g`aj aj js wgtm wgtm @othogh. Ohojtmjcjss, `ctmhuam Achrg` w`s tmj cja`c sphusj he tmj njdj`sjn, smj gs scc ngsqu`cgjn th bj mgs prgk`ry bjojdg`ry uonjr tmj TTT C`w. Tmj e`gcs th euc euccc cc tmj tmj rjqug rjqugrjk rjkjo jott he njpj njpjon onjo jody dy upho upho mj mjrr njdj`s njd j`sjn jn mus musb`o b`on n @othog @othogh h (TT (TTT T v. Nj Chs T`ohs, T`ohs, A.R. Oh. 05>176, @ua. 27, 266=). P< Rhnhceh, `o TTT kjkbjr, w`s survgvjn by tmj eh ehcc cchw hwgo goa< a< mgs mgs cja` cja`cc wgej wgej Jn Jngt gtm` m`,, wm wmh h w`s w`s oh ohw w dhm`bgoa wgtm `ohtmjr k`o9 `ohtmjr wgej Whc`on`, wmhk wmh k Rhnhc Rhnhceh eh k`rrgj k`rrgjn n `on m`n ehu ehurr gccjag gccjagk` k`tj tj dmgc dmgcnr nrjo jo ohw ohw hv hvjr jr 20 yj`r yj`rss hc hcn9 n9 `on `on `oht `ohtmj mjrr dhkkho c`w wgej, Ago`, wgtm wmhk mj m`n twh gccjagk`t gccja gk`tj j kgoh kgohrr dmgcnrjo. dmgcnrjo. @cc wgvjs cjn ` dc`gk dc`gk bjehrj bjehr j tmj TTT ehr nj`tm bjojts bjojts.. Qmh `kho `khoa a tmj dc`gk` dc`gk`ots ots `rj qu`cg qu`cgjn jn `on/hr `on/hr ngs ngsqu` qu`cg cgjn jn `s bjojdg`rgjs8

P< @othogh `on Achrg` nj chs T`oths, bhtm Egcgpgohs, aht k`rrgjn go 075>. Go Go 07=4, Achrg` cj @othogh @othogh `on wjott th tmj Zogtjn wjo Zogtjn Tt`tj Tt`tjs. s. Go 07=5, 07=5, smj cjn ehr ehr

@< Whc`on Whc`on` ` gs ngsqu ngsqu`cg `cgjn jn,, bjd`us bjd`usj j tmj k`r k`rrg` rg`aj aj bjtwjjo mjr `on Rhnhceh w`s oucc `on vhgn bjd`usj

ngvhrdj `a`gost ngvhrdj `a`gost @othog @othogh h go D`cgehrog`. D`cgehrog`. ^mj ^mj ngvhrdj ngvhrdj w`s ar`otjn.

he ` pr prgh ghrr subs subsgs gso oa a k` k`rr rrg` g`aj aj dh dhot otr` r`dtj dtjn n wgtm wgtm Jngtm`.

Go 07=1, @othogh k`rrgjn Dgrgc` nj chs T`oths. Ho mjr p` p`rt, rt, Achr Achrg` g` k`rr k`rrgj gjn n C` C`rr rry y ^m ^mhk hk`s `s Dh Dhos ost` t`ot ot,, `o @kjrgd`o @kjrg d`o dgzjo, go tmj ZT. Go 0777, @otho @othogh gh ngjn he  rj rjsp spgr gr`t `thr hry y e` e`gc gcur urj. j. Dgrg Dgrgc` c` `p `ppc pcgj gjn n eh ehrr `on `on bj bja` a`o o rjdjgvgoa mgs TTT pjosgho bjojt. Ho Njdjkbjr 20, 0777, Achrg` cjn ` dc`gk ehr @othogh‗s nj`tm bjojts wgtm tmj TTT. Mjr dc`gk w`s njogjn ho tmj arhuon tm`t smj w`s oh ohtt ` qu`cgjn qu`cgjn bjojdg`ry he he @othogh. Tmj dhotjo dhotjonjn njn tm`t mjr k`rrg`aj k`rrg`aj th C`rry Dhost`o Dhost`ott w`s oht tmj subs subsjqu jqujot jot k`rrg`a k`rrg`aj j dhotjk dhotjkpc` pc`tjn tjn uo uonj njrr TTT C`w C`w tm tm`t `t whucn whucn ngsq ngsqu` u`cg cgey ey mjr `s ` bjojdg`ry9 bjoj dg`ry9 tm`t tm`t tmj njdrjj njdrjj he ngvhrdj ngvhrdj gssujn by by ` ehrjgao st`tj govhcvgoa Egcgpgoh dgzjos dgzjos m`s oh v`cgngty `o `on n jjdt jjdt uo uonj njrr Vmgc Vmgcgp gppg pgoj oj c`w. Gs Achr Achrg` g` scc qu`cgjn qu`c gjn `s ` prgk`ry prgk`ry bjojd bjojdg`ry g`ry he @othogh @othogh uonjr tmj TTT C`w8

Jngtm` gs ngsqu`cgjn, tm`t jvjo ge smj w`s tmj cja`c wgej, smj w`s oht qu`cgjn th tmj nj`tm bjojts sg sgod odj j smj smj mjrs mjrsjc jcee `nkgj `nkgjn n tm`t sm smj j w`s oht njpjonjot njpjo njot ho mjr njdj`sjn musb`on ehr supphrt supphrt go`skudm `s smj smj w`s dhm`bgoa wgtm `ohtmjr k`o.

@< OH. Gt gs truj tm`t tmj ngvhrdj hbt`gojn by Achrg` `a`gost tmj njdj`sjn @othogh w`s oht bgongoa go tmgs  lurgsngdho. Zonjr Vmgcgppgoj c`w, hocy `cgjos k`y hbt`go hbt `go ngv ngvhrd hrdjs js `brh` `brh`n, n, prhvgn prhvgnjn jn tmj tmjy y `rj v`cgn v`cgn `ddhrn `dd hrngoa goa th tmjgr tmjgr o`ho` o`ho`cc c`w. c`w. ^mj ngvhr ngvhrdj dj w`s hbt`gojn by Achrg` wmgcj smj w`s scc ` Egcgpgoh dgzjo `on tmus tmus dhvjrjn dhvjrjn by tmj phcgdy phcgdy `a`gos `a`gostt `bshcu `bshcutj tj

Ago` gs ngsqu`cgjn, bjgoa ` dhkkho-c`w wgej. Tgodj tmj wgvjs `rj ngsqu`cgjn `on bjd`usj tmj njdj`sjn m`s oh cjag cjagk k` `tj dm dmgc gcn, n, gt eh ehcc cchw hwss tm`t tm`t tmj tmj nj njpj pjon onjo jott gccj gccjag agk k`t `tj j kgoh kgohrr dm dmgc gcnr nrjo jo he tmj njdj`sjn njdj`s jn sm`cc bj bj jotcjn jotcjn th tmj nj`tm bjo bjojts jts `s prgk`ry bjojdg`rgjs. ^mj TTT C`w gs dcj`r tm`t tm`t ehr ` kgohr dmgcn dmgcn th qu`cg qu`cgey ey `s ` –njpjon –njpjonjot,‛ jot,‛ tmj ho hocy cy rjqugr rjq ugrjkj jkjots ots `rj tm`t tm`t mj/ mj/smj smj kust bj bjchw bjchw 20 yj`rs he `aj, oht k`rrgjn k`rrgjn ohr a`goeuccy a`goeuccy jkpchyjn jkpchyjn Whc`on`‗s dmgcnrjo `rj ngsqu`cgjn ngsqu`cgjn ehr bjgoa hvjr hvjr 20 yj`rs hcn. Go tmgs d`sj, tmj kgohr gccjagk`tj dmgcnrjo he Ago` `rj tmj hocy hocy qu`cgjn qu`cgjn bjo bjojdg jdg`rg `rgjs js he Rhnhc Rhnhceh eh (Tgaojy vs. TTT, A.R. Oh. 014:=2, 2= L`ou`ry 266=). H^MJR VRGODGVCJT ^H RJKJKBJR

 

RZCJ HO DHO^RGBZ^GHOT HE ^MJ TJCE-JKVCHWJN KJKBJR @ sjce sjce-j -jkp kpch chyj yjn n kjkb kjkbjr jr gs hb hbcg cgajn ajn th nj njdc dc`r `rj j mgs mgs khotmcy j`rogoas `t tmj kj he mgs rjagstr`ho wgtm tmj TTT. ^mgs wgcc bjdhkj tmj b`sgs he tmj dhkput`ho he mgs dhotrg dho trgbu buhos hos uoc uocjss jss c`tjr c`tjr ho mj njd njdgnj gnjss th njd njdc`r c`rj j `ohtmjr `khuot he khotmcy j`rogoas. @s ` sjce-jkpchyjn kjkbjr, mj gs bhuon th p`y bhtm

rjdjgvjn by tmj TTT go dhoojdho wgtm tmj `ehrjs`gn gosur`odj hpjr`hos sm`cc bj pc`djn go tmj Khrta`ahrs‗ Gosur`odj @ddhuot. (Tjd. 25-B)

VJO@C VRHUGTGHOT HE R.@. 00077 (`) Qmhjvjr, ehr tmj purphsj he d`usgoa `oy p`ykjot th bj k`nj k`nj uonj uonjrr tmgs tmgs @dt. @dt. hr uonj uonjrr `o `arj `arjjk jkjo jott tmjrjuonjr, wmjrj ohoj gs `utmhrgzjn th bj p`gn, sm`cc k`ij hr d`usj th bj k`nj e`csj st`tjk jkj j o t hr

rjprjsjot`ho `s th dhkpjos`ho hr rjdjgvjn hr wmhjvjr k`ijs hr`oy d`usjs th bj k`njp`gn `oy e`csj JEEJD^ HE RJEZT@C HR OJACJD^ HE JKVCHWJR ^H st`tjkjot he ` k`tjrg`c e`dt go `oy dc`gk ehr `oy bjojt RJKG^ DHO^RGBZ^GHOT DHO^RGBZ^GHOT p`y`bcj p`y` bcj uonjr tmgs @dt, hr `ppcgd`ho `ppcgd`ho ehr ch`o wgtm tmj TTT. hr wmhjvjr k`ijs hr d`usjs th bj k`nj `oy e`csj st`tjk tjkjot, jot, rjprjs rjprjsjot jot`h `ho, o, `n `n`vg `vgtt hr nh nhduk dukjot jot go ^mj dhotrgbuhos sm`cc bj dhccjdtjn by tmj TTT go tmj st` dhoojd dho ojdho ho wgtm wg tm sudm su dm dc`gk dc` gk hr ch`o, ch `o, sm`cc sm `cc su sujr jr tmj s`kj k`oojr `s t`xjs `rj k`nj dhccjdbcj uonjr tmj pjo`cjs prhvgnjn ehr go @rdcj Hoj muonrjn sjvjoty O`ho`c Gotjro`c Rjvjouj Dhnj, `s `kjonjn. twh he tmj Rjvgsjn Vjo`c Dhnj. (E`csgd`tho he prgv`j gongvgnu`cs `on usj he e`csgjn nhdukjos) ^mj jkpchyjr k`y `csh bj mjcn drgkgo`ccy cg`bcj ehr

tmj @) –jkpchyjr‛ `on tmj –jkpchyjj‛ dhotrgbuhos. dhotrgbuhos. (Tjd. 07-

swgoncgoa hr js`e`. (b) Qmhjvjr sm`cc hbt`go hr rjdjgvj `oy khojy hr dmjdi tmjrjuonjr, wgtmhut P< D`o tmj kjkbjr-jkpchyjj scc `v`gc he tmj bjojts uonjr tmgs @dt hr `oy `arjjkjot tmjrjuonjr, bjgoa a jot jotcj cjn n tmjr tmjrjt jth h wg wgtm tm gotj gotjot ot th njer njer`u `un n `oy `oy uonjr TTT c`w njspgtj tmj e`gcurj he tmj jkpchyjr th bjgo kjkbjr, tmj sm`cc bjoh ojn ohttm`o cjss tm`o Egvjjkpchyjr tmhus`on tmhus`onhr pjs pjshs hs TTT, (₰:,66 (₰:,666.66) 6.66) ohr r khrj ^wjoty ^wjot y tmhu tmhus`on s`on pjshs (₰2 (₰26,666. 6,666.66) 66) `on gkprgs gkprgshojn hojn @< Wjs. E`gcurj hr rjeus`c he tmj jkpchyjr th p`y hr rjkgt ehr oht cjss tm`o sgx (5) yj`rs `on hoj hoj (0) n`y ohr khrj tmj dhotrgbuhos mjrjgo prjsdrgbjn sm`cc oht prjlungdj tm`o twjcvj (02) yj`rs. tmj rgamt he tmj dhvjrjn jkpchyjj th tmj bjojts he tmj dhvjr`aj. (Tjd. 22b) (d) Qmhjvjr buys, sjccs, hjrs ehr s`cj, usjs, tr`osejrs hr t`ijs hr agvjs go jxdm`oaj, hr pcjnajs hr agvjs go pcjnaj, GOUJT^KJO^ RJTJRUJ EZON (Tjd. 25) jxdjpt `s `utmhrgzjn go tmgs @dt hr go rjauc`hos k`nj pursu`ot tmjrjth, `oy st`kp, dhupho, dijt, bhhi hr @cc rjvjoujs he tmj TTT tm`t `rj oht ojjnjn th kjjt tmj htm htmjr jr njvgdj, njvgdj, prj prjsdrg sdrgbjn bjn pur pursu` su`ot ot th Tjd Tjdho ho ^wjoty ^wjoty durrjot `nkgogstr`vj `on hpjr`ho`c jxpjosjs tmrjj mjrjhe by tmj Dhkkgssgho ehr tmj dhccjdho hr godgnjot`c th tmj d`rrygoa hut he tmgs @dt sm`cc bj p`ykjot he dhotrgbuhos rjqugrjn mjrjgo, sm`cc bj ojn `ddukuc`tjn go ` euon th bj iohwo `s tmj "Rjsjrvj oht cjss tm`o Egvj tmhus`on pjshs (₰:,666.66) ohr khrj Euon". tm`o tm `o ^wjo wjoehr ty oht tmhu tmcjss huss`on `o n sgx pjs jshs hsyj`rs (₰26 (₰26,6 ,666 66. .66 66) ), n`y hr gkprgshojn tm`o (5) `on hoj (0) rjkgt dhotrgbuhos8

Tudm phrhos he tmj Rjsjrvj Euon `s `rj oht ojjnjn th ohr ohr khrj khrj tm`o tm`o twjc twjcvj vj (02) (02) yj`r yj`rs, s, hr bhtm bhtm,, `t tmj tmj kjjt tmj durrjot durrjot bjojt bjojt hbcga`ho hbcga`hoss tmjrjh tmjrjhee sm`cc sm`cc bj ngsdrjho he tmj dhurt. io iohw hwo o `s tm tmj j "Go "Govjs vjskj kjo o Rjs Rjsjrv jrvj j Euon" Euon" wmg wmgdm dm tmj Dhkkgssgho sm`cc k`o`aj `on govjst wgtm tmj sigcc, d`rj, (n) Qmhjvj Qmhjvjr, r, wgtm wgtm gotjot gotjot th nje njer`u r`un, n, `ctjrs `ctjrs,, ehrajs ehrajs,, prunjo pru njodj dj `on ngc ngcgajo gajodj dj ojdjss ojdjss`ry `ry th j`r j`ro o `o `oo `oou`c u`c k`ijs hr dhuotjrejgts `oy st`kp, dhupho, dijt, bhhi godhkj oht cjss tm`o tmj `vjr`aj r`tjs he trj`sury bgccs hr htmjr njvgdj njvgdj prjsdrgbjn prjsdrgbjn by tmj Dhkkgssgho Dhkkgssgho ehr tmj hr `oy htmjr `ddjpt`bcj k`rijt ygjcn gongd`thr go `oy hr dhc dhccjd cjdho ho hr p`ykjo p`ykjott he `oy dho dhotrg trgbu buho ho rjqugr rjqugrjn jn go `cc he tmj uonjrt`igoas kjohojn go Tjd. 25. mjrjgo, hr usjs, sjccs, cjons, hr m`s go mgs phssjssgho `oy sudm `ctjrj sudm `ctjrjn, n, ehr ehrajn ajn hr dhuotjr dhuotjrejg ejgtjn tjn k`t k`tjrg jrg`cs `cs,, hr k`ijs, k`i js, usjs, usjs, sjccs sjccs hr m`s m`s go mgs phssjssg phssjssgho ho `oy sudm `ctjrjn `ctjrjn,, ehr ehrajn ajn,, k`tjrg k`tjrg`c `c go gkgt` gkgt`ho ho he tmj k`tjrg k`tjrg`c `c @s p`rt he gts govjstkjot hpjr`hos, tmj TTT sm`cc `dt `s usjn go tmj k`oue`dturj he sudm st`kp, dhupho, dijt,

TTT @T GOTZRJR

gosurjrr he `cc hr p`rt he gts gotjrjst ho TTT prhpjrjs bhhi gosurj hr njvgdj, njv(₰:,6 gdj, sm`cc sm`c c bj ohr ojn oht cjss tm`o `o Egvj tmhus` us`on on htmjr pjshs pjshs (₰:,666. 66.66) 66) khrj tm`otm ^wjoty ^wjo ty khrta` khr ta`ajn ajn th tmj TTT, hr cgvjs cgvjs he khr khrta` ta`ahr ahrss wmhsj wmhsj tmh tmhus`on pjshs (₰26,666.66) hr gkprgshojn gkprgs hojn ehr oht cjss prhpjrjs `rj khrta`ajn th tmj TTT. Ehr tmgs purphsj, tmj TTT sm`cc jst`bcgsm ` sjp`r`tj `ddhuot th bj iohwo tm`o sgx (5) yj`rs `on hoj (0) n`y ohr khrj tm`o twjcvj `s tmj "Khrta`ahr "Khrta`ahrs‗ s‗ Gosur`odj Gosur`odj @ddhuot". @ddhuot". @cc `khuots (02) yj`rs, hr bhtm, `t tmj ngsdrjho he tmj dhurt.

 

(j (j)) Qmhj Qmhjvj vjrr e` e`gc gcss hr rj rjeu eusj sjss th dhkp dhkpcy cy wgtm wgtm tmj tmj prhvgsghos he tmgs @dt hr wgtm tmj rucjs `on rjauc`hos prhkuca`tjn by tmj Dhkkgssgho, sm`cc bj puogsmjn by ` oj he oht cjss tm`o Egvj tmhus`on pjshs (₰:,666.66) ohr khrj tm`o ^wjoty tmhus`on tmhus`on pjshs (₰ (₰26,666.66), 26,666.66), hr gkprgshokjot ehr oht cjss tm`o sgx (5) yj`rs `on hoj (0) n`y ohr khrj tm`o twjcvj (02) yj`rs, hr bhtm, `t tmj ng ngsd sdrj rjh ho o he tm tmj j dh dhur urt< t< Vr Vrhv hvgn gnjn jn,, ^m ^m`t `t wmjr wmjrj j tmj tmj vghc vg hc` `ho ho dh dhos osgs gsts ts go e` e`gc gcur urj j hr rjeu rjeus` s`cc th rjags rjagstj tjrr jkpc jk pchy hyjjs jjs hr mgks mgksjc jce, e, go d`sj d`sj he tmj tmj dhvj dhvjrjn rjn sj sjce  ce  jkpchyjn hr th njnudt dhotrgbuhos erhk tmj jkpchyjjs‗ dhkpjos`ho `on rjkgt tmj s`kj th tmj TTT, tmj pjo`cty sm`cc bj ` oj he oht cjss tm`o Egvj tmhus` tmh us`on on pjshs pjshs (₰:,66 (₰:,666.6 6.66) 6) ohr khr khrj j tm`o tm`o ^wj ^wjoty oty tmhus`on pjshs (₰26,666.66) `on gkprgshokjot ehr oht cjss tm`o sgx (5) yj`rs `on hoj (0) n`y ohr khrj tm`o twjcvj (02) yj`rs. (e) (e) Ge tm tmj j `dt `dt hr hkgs hkgssg sgho ho pj pjo` o`cg cgzj zjn n by tmgs tmgs @d @dtt bj dhkkgjn by `o `sshdg`ho, p`rtojrsmgp, dhrphr`ho hr `oy htmjr gostuho, gts k`o`agoa mj`n, ngrjdthrs hr p`rtojrs sm`cc bj cg`bcj ehr tmj pjo`cjs prhvgnjn go tmgs @dt ehr tmj hjosj.

DRGKGO@C CG@BGCG^W ZONJR TJD. 22 UGT-Æ-UGT TJD. 2= Iu` vs. T`dup`yh (A.R. Oh. 070241, Tjptjkbjr 2>, 260>) P< Qgcc bjc`tjn rjkg`odj he dhotrgbuhos by jkpchyjrs durj tmj njejdt `on sp`rj tmjk erhk drgkgo`c cg`bgcgty8

Tj dho @< Oh. ^mj jcjkjots he drgkgo`c cg`bgcgty uonjr Tjdho 22 (`) `rj< 0. ^mj jkpchyjr e`gcs th rjagstjr gts jkpchyjjs wgtm tmj TTT9 2. ^mj ^mj jkpc kpchyjr hyjr e`gc e`gcss th njn jnu udt khotm hotmccy dhot dhotrg rgbu buh hos os er erhk hk tmj tmj s` s`c` c`rg rgjs js `on/ `on/hr hr w`ajs he gts jkpchyjjs9 `on 4. M`vg M`vgoa oa njnu njnudt dtjn jn tmj tmj TT TTT T dhot dhotrg rgbu buh hos os `on/hr ch`o p`ykjots th TTT, tmj jkpchyjr e`gcs th rjkgt tmjsj th tmj TTT.

(a) @oy jkpchyjj he tmj TTT wmh rjdjgvjs hr ijjps Go tmgs d`sj, pjhojrs spcgt m`grs euons hr prhpjrty bjchoagoa, bjchoagoa, p`y`bcj hr njcgvjr`bcj th tm`t Vjhojrs Vj hojrs"ngn njejosj< tmjy oht e`gc th rjkgt tmj TTT dhotrgbuhos he  tmj TTT `on wmh sm`cc sm`cc `pprhprg `pprhprg`tj `tj tmj s`kj, s`kj, hr sm`cc rj rjsp spho honj njot ots9 s9"" tmjy tmjy "euc "euccy cy p`gn p`gn tmj tmj s` s`kj kj,, `cbj `cbjgt gt t`ij hr kgs`pprhp kgs`pprhprg`tj, rg`tj, hr sm`cc sm`cc dhosjot, dhosjot, hr tmrhuam tmrhuam bjc`tjncy." `b`onh `b` onhokj okjot ot hr ojac ojacgaj gajodj, odj, sm`cc sm`cc pjrkgt pjrkgt `oy htm htmjr jr pj pjrs rsho ho th t` t`ij ij sudm sudm pr prhp hpjrt jrty y hr euon euons, s, wm wmhc hccy cy hr Rucgoa< Qj `rk tmj ongoa he ` prgk` e`dgj d`sj he  p`r`ccy, hr sm`cc htmjrwgsj bj augcty he  pjhojrs‗ e`gcurj th rjkgt tmj TTT dhotrgbuhos `on kgs`pprhprg`ho he sudm euons hr prhpjrty, prhpjrty, sm`cc sujr ch`o ch`o `khr `khrz z` `ho ho he rj rjsp spho honj njot otss eh ehrr ` pjrg pjrghn hn he  tmj tmj pjo` pjo`c cjs js pr prhv hvgn gnjn jn go @rd @rdcj cj ^wh muon muonrj rjn n `ppr `pprhx hxgk gk`t `tjc jcy y twh twh (2) (2) yj`r yj`rs, s, go 2664 2664 `o `on n 266>. 266>. Go sjvjotjjo sjvjo tjjo he tmj tmj Rjvgsjn Rjvgsjn Vjo`c Dhnj. (k`cvjrs`tho he  Hdthbj Hdt hbjrr 266>, 266>, `jr `jr rjspho rjsphonjo njots ts wjr wjrj j suddjs suddjssgv sgvjcy jcy  pubcgd euons hr prhpjry) prhpjry) ngskgssjn erhk jkpchykjot by Ugdk`r go @uaust 266>, tmjy sjp`r`tjcy cjn ehr TTT bjojts, rjc`oa th sgdiojss (m) @oy jkpchy jkpchyjr jr wmh, wmh, `jr `jr njnudo njnudoa a tmj kho khotmc tmcy y `on prhdurjkjot he ` ch`o, wmgdm wjrj bhtm njogjn dhotrgbuhos hr ch`o `khrz`hos erhk mgs jkpchyjj‗s hutrgamt ehr c`di he dhotrgbuhos hr p`ykjots twjcvj dhkpjos`ho, e`gcs th rjkgt tmj s`gn njnudho th tmj (02) prghr th tmj sjkjstjr he dhoojkjot `on TTT wgtmgo tmgrty (46) n`ys erhk tmj n`tj tmjy bjd`kj khotms e` e`gc gcur urj j th p` p`y y ` pr prgh ghrr ch ch`o `o.. @jr @jr rj rjsp spho honj njot otss c cjn jn nuj, sm`cc bj prjsukjn th m`vj kgs`pprhprg`tjn sudm drgkgo`c dhkpc`gots `a`gost pjhojrs, tmj c`jr tmjo dhotrgbuhos hr ch`o `khrz`hos `on sm`cc sujr tmj rjkg rjkgjn jn tmjgr TTT w`aj njnudhos njnudhos `on ch`o p`ykjots pjo`cjs prhvgnjn go @rdcj ^mrjj muonrjn jjo he th tmj TTT. tmj Rjvgsjn Vjo`c Dhnj. (swgoncgoa hr js`e`) ^mj e`dtu`c kgcgju hbt`gogoa mjrjgo nhjs oht njohtj ` (g) (g) Dr Drgk gkgo go`c `c `d `dh ho o `r `rgs gsgo goa a er erhk hk ` vghc vghc` `ho ho he tmj tmj sgk sgkpcj pcj njc`y njc`y go p`ykjo p`ykjot. t. @a`go, @a`go, pj pjho hojrs jrs gog gog`c `ccy cy prhvgsghos he tmgs @dt k`y bj dhkkjodjn by tmj TTT hr e`gc e`gcjn jn th rjkgt tmj TTT dhotrg dhotrgbuho buhoss `on p`ykjo p`ykjots ts he  tmj jkpchyjj jkpchyjj dhodjrojn dhodjrojn jgtmjr jgtmjr uonjr uonjr tmgs tmgs @dt hr go rjsphonjots sudm tm`trjsphonjots wjrj njogjn bjojts `pprhp `pp rhprg` rg`tj tj d`sjs uo uonjr njr tmj Rjvgsj Rjvgsjn n Vjo`c Dhnj< Dhnj< uonjr tmj TT C`w wmgdm tmjy w`otjn th `v`gc he. Gt w`s Vrhvgnjn, ^m`t sudm sudm drgkgo`c `dho k`y k`y bj cjn by tmj hocy uonjr tmrj`t he drgkgo`c cg`bgcgty tm`t pjhojrs TTT go tmj dgty hr kuogdgp`cgty wmjrj tmj TTT hdj gs sub subsjq sjqujo ujotcy tcy rjk rjkgj gjn n wm`t wm`t tmj tmjy y m`n cho choa a njnudt njnudtjn jn ch chd`t d`tjn jn,, ge tm tmj j vghc vghc` `ho ho w` w`ss dh dhkk kkg gjn jn wgtm wgtmgo go gt gtss erhk tmj w`ajs he rjsphonjots. tjrrgthrg`c lurgsngdho hr go Kjtrh K`ogc`, `t tmj hpho he tmj TTT.

 @kb`ss`nhr Mhtjc vs. TTT (A.R. (A.R. Oh. 07>041)

HO E@GCZRJ ^H RJKG^ DHO^RGBZ^GHOT9 DHO^RGBZ^GHOT9 JCJKJO^T HE  HO CG@BGCG^W HE DHRVHR@^GHO @T @O

 

JKVCHWJR P< D`o tmj dhrphr`ho bj `bshcvjn erhk tmj dgvgc cg`bgcgty ge tmj tmj `ddusjn Vrjsgnjot gs `dqugjn8 @< Oh.

Vjhojr‗s njejosj< @kb`ss`nhr Mhtjc `raujn tm`t gt m`s ` sjp`r`tj `on ngsodt pjrsho`cgty erhk gts hdjrs su sudm dm `s Wh Whc` c`on on`9 `9 tm tm`t `t gt w` w`ss oj ojgt gtmj mjrr ` p` p`rt rty y th tmj tmj drgkgo`c d`sj ohr w`s sukkhos gssujn `a`gost gt, mjodj, tmj R^D ngn oht `dqugrj lurgsngdho hvjr gt9 tm`t gt w`s njprgvjn nuj prhdjss wmjo tmj R^D rucjn tm`t gt w`s dgvgcc dgvgccy y cg` cg`bcj bcj ehr tmj uo uop`g p`gn n TTT dho dhotrg trgbu buhos hos jvjo jvjo tm tmhu huam am tm tmj j tr trg` g`cc dhurt dhurt m` m`n n oh lurgsn lurgsngd gdh ho o hv hvjr jr gt gtss pjrsho9 `on tm`t tmj R^D m`n oh rgamt th rjonjr `o `nvjrsj njdgsgho `a`gost gt bjd`usj gt w`s oht ` p`rty go tmj drgkgo`c `dho.

Rucgoa< Jvjo wmjo tmj jkpchyjr gs ` dhrphr`ho, gt sm`cc s scc cc bj mj mjcn cn cg`b cg`bcj cj eh ehrr tmj tmj ohooho-rj rjkg kg` `od odj j he TTT TTT dhotrg dho trgbu buhos hos.. Gt gs, mhwjvj mhwjvjr, r, tmj mj`n, mj`n, ngr ngrjdth jdthrs rs hr hdjrs tm`t sm`cc sujr tmj pjrsho`c drgkgo`c cg`bgcgty. @c @ctm tmhu huam am ` dhrp dhrphr hr` `ho ho gs govjs govjstj tjn n by c`w c`w wgtm wgtm ` pj pjrs rsho ho`c `cgt gty y sj sjp` p`r` r`tj tj `o `on n ng ngs sod odtt er erhk hk tm`t tm`t he tmj tmj pjrshos pjrsh os dhkphsgoa dhkphsgoa gt, 02 tmj dhrphr`tj vjgc gs pgjrdjn wmjo ` ngrjdthr, trustjj hr hdjr gs k`nj pjrsho`ccy cg` cg`bcj bcj by spjdg spjdgdd prhvgs prhvgsgho gho he c`w. c`w. 04 Go tmgs tmgs rja`rn, rja`rn, Tjdho 2= (e) he R.@. Oh. =2=2 jxpcgdgtcy prhvgnjs tm`t "Yg[ "Yg[ee tm tmj j `d `dtt hr hkgss hkgssgh gho o pj pjo` o`cg cgzj zjn n by tmg tmgss @d @dtt bj dhkkgjn by `o `o `sshdg`ho, `sshdg`ho, p`rtojrsmgp, p`rtojrsmgp, dhrphr`ho dhrphr`ho hr `oy htmjr gostuho, gts k`o`agoa k`o`agoa mj`n, ngrjdthrs hr p`rtojrs sm`cc bj cg`bcj th tmj pjo`cjs pjo`cjs prhvgnjn go tmgs @dt ehr tmj hjosj." ^mus, ` dhrphr`ho d`ooht d`ooht govhij k`rrgjn Jna`rnh ho 0772. RHTJK@RGJ QHO! ☼ E hrk J->s njsgao`oa, ho Rucgoa< ^mj jxgstjodj he twh Ehrk twh ng ngjr jrjo jott n` n`tj tjs, s, tw twh h ngjr ngjrjo jott whkj whkjo o `s mgs mgs sphusj gs `crj`ny `o gongd`ho tm`t hocy hocy hoj he tmjk d`o bj tmj cja`c sphusj. sphusj. @s d`o b bj j acj`ojn erhk erhk tmj djrd`ho gssujn by tmj OTH, tmjrj gs gs oh nhubt tm`t Jna`rnh k`rrgjn Rhsjk`rgj go go 07=2. Jno` d`ooht bj dhosgnjrjn dhosg njrjn `s tmj cja`c cja`c sphusj sphusj he Jna`rnh Jna`rnh `s tmjgr tmjgr k`rr k` rrg` g`aj aj thhi pc`d pc`dj j nu nurg rgoa oa tmj jxg jxgst stjo jodj dj he ` prjvghuscy prjvgh uscy dhotr`dtjn dhotr`dtjn k`rrg`aj. k`rrg`aj. Ehr s`gn rj`sho, tmj njog`c njo g`c he Jno`‗ Jno`‗ss dc`gk dc`gk by tmj TTD w` w`ss dhrrjdt. dhrrjdt. Gt smhucn smh ucn bj jkpm`s jkpm`sgzj gzjn n tm`t tmj TTD njtjrkg njtjrkgojn ojn Jno`‗ss jcgagbgcgty Jno`‗ jcgagbgcgty ho tmj b`sgs b`sgs he `v`gc`bcj `v`gc`bcj st`s st`sd`c d`c n`t` `on nhdukjot nhdukjotss ho tmjgr n`t`b`sj n`t`b`sj `s jxprjsscy jxprjsscy pjrkgjn by Tjdho >(b) (1) he R.@. Oh. =2=2. Gt gs he oh khkjot tm`t tmj rst wgej, Rhsjk`rgj, ngn oht p`rdgp`tj hr hpphsj Jno`‗s Jno`‗s dc`gk. Rhsjk`rgj‗s oho p`rdgp`ho hr mjr subsjqujot nj`tm ho

gts sjp`r`tj lungdg`c joty th jsd`pj gts cg`bgcg cg`bgcgty ty ehr ohop`ykjot he TTT dhotrgbuh dhotrgbuhos. os. ^h `dqugrj lurgsngdho hvjr tmj dhrphr`ho go ` drgkgo`c d`sj, gts mj`n, ngrjdthrs hr p`rtojrs kust bj sjrvjn wgtm ` w`rr`ot he `rrjst. O`tur`ccy, ` lurgngd`c joty d`ooht bj tmj subljdt he `o `rrjst bjd`usj ggtt gs ` kjrj dho he  c`w9 tmus, `o `rrjst ho gts rjprjsjot`vj gs sudgjot sudgjot th `dqu `dqugr grj j lurg lurgsn sngd gdh ho o hv hvjr jr gt. gt. ^h rjgt rjgtjr jr`t `tj, j, tmj tmj c`w c`w spjdgd`ccy ngsrja`rns tmj sjp`r`tj pjrsho`cgty bjtwjjo tmj dhrphr`ho gts `o hdjrs rjspjdt th vghc`hos he R.@. Oh. =2=29`on tmus, `rrjstwgtm ho gts hdjrs bgons tmj dhrphr`ho. ^mj `dqug`c he Whc`on` (mhtjc‗s prjsgnjot) nhjs oht jxoaugsm tmj dgvgc cg`bgcgty he @kb`ss`nhr Mhtjc. Gt gs ` b`sgd rucj tm`t wmjo ` drgkgo`c `dho gs gostutjn, tmj dgvgc `dho ehr tmj rjdhvjry he dgvgc cg`bgcgty `rgsgoa erhk tmj hjosj dm`rajn sm`cc bj njjkjn gostutjn wgtm wgtm tmj tmj drgkg drgkgo` o`cc `d `dh ho o uo uocj cjss ss tmj tmj h hjo jonj njn n p` p`rt rty y w`gvjs tmj dgvgc `dho, `dho, rjsjrvjs tmj rgamt th gostutj gt gt sjp`r` sjp `r`tjc tjcy, y, hr gostu gostutjs tjs tmj dgvgc dgvgc `dho `dho prghr prghr th tmj drgkgo`c `dho. Ojdjss`rgcy, wmjo tmj Goehrk`ho w`s cjn wgtm tmj R^D, tmj dgvgc `dho `a`gost @kb`ss`nhr Mhtjc ehr tmj rjdhvjry he dgvgc cg`bgcgty `rgsgoa erhk tmj oh ohoo-rj rjkg kg` `od odj j he TTT dh dhot otrg rgbu buh hos os w` w`ss njjkj njjkjn n gostutjn tmjrjgo.

HO ^QH Q@RRGOA –TVHZTJT‛9 QMH GT ^MJ –CJA@C‛  TVHZTJ TTT vs. @zhtj (A.R. Oh. 2671>0, @prgc @ prgc 0:, 260:)

^wh sphusjs. Egrst k`rrg`aj subsgsts. @w`y og Jno` ua Rhsjk`rgj. Rhsjk`rgj< k`rrgjn Jna`rnh ho 07=2. Jno`<

 

Ohvjkbjr 00, 266>42 ngn oht oht durj hr cjagkgzj cjagkgzj tmj st`tus he Jno`.