SS1C Module 2

 

Ynrdn` Ptntm ]fcvmrscty @bddmhm bl Nrts nfi Pb`cnd P`cmf`ms Qmnicfhs cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry (PP>@)

OBI]DM 1 | Cssums nfi Zrbadmos cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbrcbhrnpgy

 

QNYCBFNDM Obiudm 1 nddbws tgm stuimfts tb nssmss sbom bl tgm cssums nfi prbadmos bl Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbrcbhrnpgy. Ygcs obiudm wcdd icllmrmftcntm tgm `bf`mpt bl —gcstbry‟ nfi tgm Lcdcpcfb `bf`mpt bl ensnysnynf . Lurtgmr, n `bopnrcsbf amtwmmf tgm acpnrtctm vcmw nfi trcpnrtctm vcmws bl gcstbry wcdd am ics`ussmi. Lbr tgm stuimfts tb gnvm n amttmr ufimrstnficfh nfi ns n tbbd cf tgmcr nfndyscs bl icllmrmft gcstbrc`nd sbur`ms, tgrbuhg Lcdcpcfb pmrspm`tcvm, tgm icllmrmft —Znfnfnw — Znfnfnw Znfhensnysnynf‟   wcdd am tn`edmi. Ns n rm`boomfimi rmomiy tb tgm cssums nfi prbadmos cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbrcbhrnpgy nfi tgm wny Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry cs tnuhgt cf bur miu`ntcbf systmo, [mus Pndnznr–s —Znftnybfh — Znftnybfh Znfnfnw ‟ pgcdbsbpgy wcdd am mopgnsczmi.

 

CFPYQ]@YCBFP >.

Ygm stui Ygm stuimft mft cs tb tb stui stuiy y tgcs tgcs obi obiudm udm nt gc gcs s bwf bwf pn` pn`m m wctg wctgcf cf tgm tcom lrnom smt ay a y tgm cfstru`tbr. @gm`e tgm BAYD syddnaus lbr hucinf`m.

1.

Bfdcfm Bfdcf m dm`t dm`turm urms s br br rm`c rm`ctnt tntcbf cbfs s nabu nabutt tgcs tgcs obi obiudm udm ony am s`gmiudmi nt tgm cfstru`tbr–s ics`rmtcbf.

0.

\cimb \c imb dcf dcfes es lbr sua suatbp tbpc`s c`s nr nrm m ndsb ndsb prb prbvci vcimi mi cf cf tgcs tgcs ob obiud iudm. m.

9.

Qmlmrmf` Qmlmr mf`ms, ms, Pup Puppdm pdmom omftn ftndd nfi nfi Nii Niictc ctcbf bfnd nd rmni rmnicf cfhs hs nrm nrm ndsb ndsb hcvmf lbr lurtgmr ufimrstnficfh nfi npprm`cntcbf bl tgm dmssbf.

=.

Pmdl-@g Pmdl@gm`e m`e Ym Ymst st nrm nds ndsb b nvn nvncdn cdnadm adm lbr stu stuimf imft–s t–s smd smdllnssmssomft. Qmspm`tcvm cfstru`tbrs cfstru`tbrs ony nse tgm stuimfts tb suaoct nfswmrs vcn nhrmmi pdntlbros.

 

DMNQFCFH B]Y@BOMP >. 1. 0. 9.

=.

Nssm Ns smss ss

tgm tg m

cssums cssu ms

nfi nfi

prbad prb admo mos s

cf

Zgcd Zg cdcp cppc pcfm fm

Gcstbrcbhrnpgy @bop @b oprm rmgm gmfi fi tgm tgm ics icstc tcf` f`tc tcbf bf amtw amtwmmf mmf gc gcst stbr bry y ns n wmstmrf `bf`mpt nfi ensnysnynf ns n Lcdcpcfb `bf`mpt @bopnr @bo pnrm m tgm tgm acp acpnrtc nrtctm tm vcs vcs-n -n vcs vcs tgm trc trcpnr pnrtct tctm m vcmw vcmw bl Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry Mvndu Mv nduntm ntm sbu sbur`ms r`ms ay amcf amcfh h nadm nadm tb cim cimftc ftcly ly tgm pbc pbcft ft bl vcmw usmi ay tgm nutgbr tgrbuhg tgm icllmrmft —Znfnfnw Znfhensnysnynf‟  Npprm`c Npp rm`cntm ntm tgm fmm fmmi i bl bl gnvc gnvcfh fh n Lcdcp Lcdcpcfb cfb lrno lrnomwb mwbre re nfi omtgbibdbhy bl wrctcfh nfi tmn`gcfh gcstbry tgrbuhg tgm —Znftnybfh —Znftnybfh Znfnfnw ‟

 

OBI]DM B]YDCFM C.  C. 

Cssums nfi Zrbadmos cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbrcbhrnpgy N.  N. @brrm`tcfh tgm mrrbrs bl puadcsgmi gcstbrc`nd wbre

A. Lcddcfh tgm hnps cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry @. @.  Qmcftmrprmtntc Qmcftmrprmtntcbf bf bl gcstbrc`nd ln`ts & mvmfts nfi rmwrctcfh Gcstbry cf tgm Lcdcpcfb pbcft bl vcmw CC.  CC.  Gcstbry ns n wmstmrf `bf`mpt nfi Ensnysnynf  ns   ns n Lcdcpcfb `bf`mpt CCC.   Acpnrtctm \cmw vcs-ê-vcs Yrcpnrtctm \cmw bl Zgcdcppcfm CCC. Gcstbry C\.   [mus Pndnznr–s Znftnybfh Znfnfnw   nfi btgmr Znfnfn C\. Znfhensnysnynf N.  N. Znftnybfh Znfnfnw A. A.  Znfhenocfh Znfnfnw @. @.  Znfhenybfh Znfnfnw

I. Znfscdnfh Znfnfnw

 

^]MPYCBFP; ‐ Ibms tgm Zgcdcppcfms gnvm tgmcr bwf wny bl tmddcfh tgmcr gcstbry amlbrm tgm `bdbfczmrs `nom2 Mxpdncf.

‐ Ns n stuimft bl Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry, ib ybu nhrmm tgnt Mfhdcsg sgbudi am usmi ns tgm omicuo bl cfstru`tcbf lbr tgm suakm`t2 Kustcly ybur nfswmr.

 

Qm`ndd;

‐ Gcstbrcbhrnpgy  rmlmrs  rmlmrs tb tgm stuiy bl gcstbry ctsmdl. Ct nfndyzms wgb cs tgm gcstbry wrctmr, tgm obtcvms bl tgm wrctmr, tgm sbur`ms bl tgm wrctmr, tgmbrcms nppdcmi nfi btgmr gcstbrc`nd omtgbis. Ct ndsb nfndyzms tgm `bftmxt wgmf tgm gcstbry wns wrcttmf. Ansc`nddy, ct stuicms gbw gcstbry cs wrcttmf.

 

Cftrbiu`tcbf ‐ Zgcdcppcfm

Gcstbrcbhrnpgy

gns

ufimrwmft

smvmrnd

`gnfhms scf`m tgm prm`bdbfcnd pmrcbi uftcd prmsmft. Ndbfhscim wctg tgmsm `gnfhms, sprufh tgm icllmrmft cssums nfi prbadmos cf wgc`g ct gns nllm`tmi bur npprm`cntcbf bl Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry ctsmdl.

‐ Zgcdcppcfm

gcstbry

wns

brchcfnddy

wrcttmf

nfi

ib`uomftmi ay lbrmchf gcstbrcnfs, cf ln`t mvmf nt prmsmft obst prconry `grbfc`dms nrm obstdy wrcttmf cf Ppnfcsg nfi Mfhdcsg. Ygcs amcfh tgm `nsm, `nsm, obimrf iny Lcdcpcfb gcstbrcnf gnvm put n dbt bl qumstcbf bf tgm onffmr ay wgc`g Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry wns wrcttmf.

 

Cssums nfi Zrbadmos cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbrcbhrnpgy N.@brrm`tcfh tgm mrrbrs bl puadcsgmi gcstbrc`nd wbre A.Lcddcfh tgm hnps cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry @. Qmcftmrprmtntcbf bl gcstbrc`nd ln`ts & mvmfts mvmfts nfi rmwrctcfh Gcstbry cf tgm Lcdcpcfb pbcft bl vcmw I.Qmwrctcfh Gcstbry cf tgm Lcdcpcfb ZB\

 

N. @brrm`tcfh tgm mrrbrs bl puadcsgmi gcstbrc`nd wbre  ‐ Pcf`m obst bl tgm prconry sbur`ms wmrm wrcttmf cf lbrmchf dnfhunhm, mrrbrs cf trnfsdntcbf gnvm gnppmfmi nfi gnvm nllm`tmi ou`g tgm wrctcfh bl gcstbry. Ygmrm wns tgmrmlbrm tgmrmlbrm tgm fmmi fmmi tb `brrm`t `brrm`t mrrbrs cf puadc`ntcbf.

 

A. Lcddcfh tgm hnps cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry ‐ Ygmrm

wmrm

vmry

lmw

nftgrbpbdbhcsts

nfi

nr`gnmbdbhcst cf tgm Zgcdcppcfms gmf`m tgmrm nrm stcdd hnps cf sbom n``buft br pnrts bl tgm Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry.

 

@. Qmcftmrprmtntcbf bl gcstbrc`nd ln`ts & mvmfts

Xgnt cs Gcstbrc`nd Qmvcscbfcso2

 

Gcstbrc`nd Qmvcscbfcso ‐ cs n prn`tc`m cf wrctcfh gcstbry cf wgc`g gcstbrcnfs rmcftmrprmt vcmws bl `nusms nfi mllm`ts, im`cscbfs, mxpdnfntcbfs nfi mvcimf`ms

 

I. Qmwrctcfh Gcstbry cf tgm Lcdcpcfb pbcft bl vcmw ‐ Ygm achhmst prbadmo tgnt wns rncsmi cs tgm ln`t tgnt wrctmrs wmrm lbrmchfmrs tgmrmlbrm Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry wns obstdy wrcttmf cf n lbrmchfmr–s pbcft bl vcmw nfi fbt bf tgm pbcft bl vcmw bl tgm Lcdcpcfbs.

 

Gcstbry vs.  Ensnysnynf

 

^umstcbfs;



Gcstbry cs n wmstmrf `bf`mpt wgcdm ensnysnynf  cs  cs



n Lcdcpcfb `bf`mpt. Nrm tgm twb `bf`mpts `bopdmtmdy tgm snom2 Ct cs `bfscstmft tgnt tgm imlcfctcbf bl gcstbry stuicms bfdy rm`brimi pnst. Cs tgcs tgm snom wctg ensnysnynf 2

 

Gcst ry

Ensnysnynf

cs n arnf`g bl tgm Pb`cnd P`cmf`ms tgnt imnds wctg tgm systmontc` stuiy bl schfclc`nft pnst, n arnf`g

sndnysny fn fnhsndnysny fh ohn anhny fn ony snysny pnrn sn scfnsndysnynfh hrupb b

bl efbwdmihm tgnt rm`bris nfi mxpdncfs pnst mvmfts nfi wgc`g `bf`mrfs pmbpdm nfi guonf fnturm.

sndcfdngc ‟

—Gcstbrcm/Gcstbrcn‟(dmnrfcf h, cfqucry nfi br cfvmstchntcbf) Xmstmrf `bf`mpt

—

Pnysny‟ (schfclc`nft, copbrtnft, rmdmvnft) Lcdcpcfb `bf`mpt

 

Zbcft bl Icstcf`tcbf Pbur`ms

Gcstbry

Ensnysnynf

Qm`brimi/wrcttmf/ Qm`brimi/wrcttmf/ ib`uomftmi ib`uomftmi + ]fwrcttmf wgc`g cf`duims brnd trnictcbfs

Nuicmf`m

Gcstbry lrbo Nabvm

Gcstbry lrbo Amdbw br Zmbpdm–s Gcstbry

Hmfimr Pmfsctcvcty

—GCPtbry‟ Hmfimr-acnsmi (pntrcnr`gnd)

Hmfimr-cf`duscvm

 

Ynfbfh; Fncftmrvcmw ob nfh Ondnyns Dbdns , csnfh brhnfcsnsybf fh ohn `bolbrt wbomf  fbbfh  fbbfh pnfngbf fh ohn Gnpbf. Fnpnh-ndnonf ob fn omrbf scdnfh kcfhdm sn ohn Gnpbf. Cdnf sn ohn dcfyn ny — Gnpbf, Gnpbf.. pnh duocfhbf, tcyne scdn–y onpnpn-wb onpnpn-wbw w neb fnon–y onpnpn-nww‟ 

Pn cstrcetbfh impcfcsybf nt ebfsmptb, onnrc anfh hnoctcf nfh kcfhdm fn ctb acdnfh snfhhufcnf sn gcstbry 2 Mg sn ensnysnynf 2 Cpndcwnfnh.

 

Acpnrtctm vs. Yrcpnrtctm vcmw l Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry

 

Acpnrtctm \cmw bl Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry Zrm-Gcspnfc` Zmrc i

Gcspnfc` Zmrc i

uf`cvcdczmi Zgcdcppcfm sb`cmty, anranrc` nfi ufmiu`ntmi pmbpdm.

Nivmft bl `cvcdczntcbf nfi prbhrmss arbuhgt nabut ay tgm Ppnfcnris

—icdco‟

—dcwnfnh‟

 

[mus Pndnznr–s Znftny fh Znfnfnw  nfi

tgmr Znfnfnw Znfhensnysnyn f

 

‐ Bfdy lmw bl bur gcstbrc`nd gc stbrc`nd ib`uomfts nrm wrcttmf cf Lcdcpcfb br fntcvm dnfhunhm. Obst bl tgmo nrm wrcttmf cf Mfhdcsg nfi Ppnfcsg.

‐ Ygcs cs ium tb tgm ln`t tgnt tgm mdctm Lcdcpcfbs wgb stuicmi narbni iurcfh tgm Ppnfcsg nfi Nomrc`nf mrn tbbe tgm rmspbfscacdcty tb wrctm bur gcstbry cf Mfhdcsg br btgmr lbrmchf dnfhunhm. Xgnt wns tnuhgt tb tgmo wns tb wrctm gcstbry cf n lbrmchf pmrspm`tcvm. Ygmy wrbtm lbr lbrmchfmrs tb ufimrstnfi bur gcstbry aut fbt lbr tgmcr lmddbw Lcdcpcfb wgb obstdy ib fbt ufimrstnfi tgm omicuo tgnt tgmy usmi.

 

Znftnybfh Znfnfnw —Nfh aubi fh pnftnybfh pnfnfnw ny fnsn pnfdbba fn pnhenenuhfny-uhfny nt pnhuuhfny fh ohn entnfhcnf, gndnhngcf, enndnonf, enrufufhnf, gnfhnrcf, enuhndcnf, pnh-nnsnd nt enrnfnsnf fh csnfh enauunfh pnfhendcfnfhnf -enauunfh fnanandbt sn, nt cpcfnpngnynh sn pnononhctnf fh csnfh wcen5 cach snacgcf, sn dbba fh csnfh fnhsnsnrcdcfh tndnstnsnf/icseursbfh pnfhendcfnfhnf b pnfhenacgnsfnf. Csnfh rmyndcini ctb sn dbba fh ndcf onfh hrupbfh mtfbdcfhhuwcstcebfh ony enauunf nt enenfyngnf, sn ntcf nt sn canfh ineb onf fh oufib.‟( [mus Pndnznr) 

 

Znftnybfh Znfnfnw ‐ Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry sgbudi am wrcttmf nfi tnuhgt cf Lcdcpcfb br mtgfbdcfhucstc` dnfhunhm cf tgm Zgcdcppcfms am`nusm ct cs bfdy tgrbuhg bur bwf dnfhunhm tgnt wm nrm nadm tb ufimrstnfi, npprm`cntm nfi am nadm tb `bffm`t tb bur bwf gcstbry.

‐ Mn`g `udturm cs icllmrmft nfi dnfhunhm smrvm ns tgm `gnffmd lbr tgm ufcqumfmss bl bfm–s `udturm. Ygrbuhg tgm hucicfh pgcdbsbpgy bl Znftnybfh Znfnfnw , Zgcdcppcfm gcstbrcbhrnpgy wcdd am smmf lrbo pbcft bl vcmw bl Lcdcpcfbs nfi niirmssmi icrm`tdy tb tgm Lcdcpcfbs.

 

Znfhenocfh Znfnfnw ‐ Gcstbrc`nd pmrspm`tcvm cf wgc`g Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry cs wrcttmf ay Lcdcpcfbs cf lbrmchf dnfhunhm nfi cftmfimi lbr tb am rmni ay lbrmchfmrs tb ufimrstnfi bur gcstbry cf bur pbcft bl vcmw.

‐ Mxnopdm bl tgcs wrctmrs nrm tgm Zrbpnhnficst cf tgmcr Dn Pbdcinrcini . Ygm prbpnhnficst nrm Lcdcpcfbs aut tgmy usmi Ppnfcsg tb wrctm nhncfst tgm Ppnfcnris. ‐ Bltmf, tgcs gcstbrc`nd pmrspm`tcvm cs usmi tb `brrm`t br nrhum nhncfst lndsm n``bufts wrcttmf ay lbrmchfmrs.

 

Znfhenybfh Znfnfnw ‐ Gcstbrc`nd pmrspm`tcvm cf wgc`g Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry cs wrcttmf ay lbrmchfmr cf n lbrmchf dnfhunhm ns wmdd aut ct cs omnft tb am niirmssmi br icrm`tmi tb Lcdcpcfbs ns nuicmf`m.

 

Znfscdnfh Znfnfnw ‐ Gcstbrc`nd pmrspm`tcvm cf wgc`g Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry cs wrcttmf ay lbrmchfmrs cf n lbrmchf dnfhunhm ns wmdd nfi cs cftmfimi tb am rmni nfi ufimrstbbi ay tgmcr lmddbw lbrmchfmrs

 

^umstcbf

Pc

—

Ir.

gcstbrynibr eudturn ictb hnoct nfh anfynhnfh

@gmvnedmr‟

ny

csnfh

anfynhnfh

fn fncs pnh-nrndnf nfh scfnufnfh sn Zcdcpcfns. Fnhdntgndn scyn fh dcarb anfynhnfh wcen nt pnrn sn ohn csebdnr fh wbrdi gcstbry. Eufh

ctntrnfsdntm nfh csnfh pngnynh sn enfynfh dcarb, scfnsnac fcyn fn nfh ohn scfnufnfh tnb anhb iuontcfh nfh ohn Enstcdn ny ohn pnfnfnoan fh imobfyb ingcd sn enfcdnfh ohtn pnfcfcwndn sn nfctb nt ohn aufibe.

 

@bft. Acdnfh tuhbf ictb, huonwn rcf fh icsmrtnsybf sc —Ir. Ibomfh‟ fn csnfh Zcdcpcfb hnoct nfh anfynhnfh wcen upnfh onuufnwnnf fh ohn onoanansnfh tnhn-dnans fn tndcwns nfh ohn cscfudnt fc Ir. @gcvnedmr pntufhebd sn ntcfh ensnysnynf.

]pnfh gcfic onhenrbbf fn ondcfh pnhenenufnwn nfh enfynfh enpwn Zcdcpcfb, fnhdntgndn fnonf sc Ir. Antufhanend‟ fh csn dcarb hnoct nfh ntcfh snrcdcfh wcen upnfh chcct fn gcfic ohn anranrb nfh ohn scfnufnfh Zcdcpcfb. Fnhenrbbf pn fh can-canfh trnfsdntcbf nfh dcarb fn ctb fc Ir. Antufhanend sn wcenfh Enopnopnfhnf nt Cdbenfb

 

Ynfbfh; Nfh pnfnfnw pnfhensnysnynf fc Ir. @gmvnedmr nyRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR, RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRnfh pnfnfnw pnfhensnysnynf fc Ir. Ibomfh nt   RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR Antufhanend

fnonf

nfh

eny

Ir.

 

EMSZBCFYP

 

Emypbcfts



Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry wns brchcfnddy wrcttmf nfi ib`uomftmi ay lbrmchf gcstbrcnfs, cf ln`t mvmf nt prmsmft obst prconry `grbfc`dms nrm obstdy wrcttmf cf Ppnfcsg nfi Mfhdcsg. Ygcs amcfh tgm `nsm, obimrf iny Lcdcpcfb gcstbrcnf gnvm put n dbt bl qumstcbf bf tgm onffmr ay wgc`g Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry wns wrcttmf.



Pbom bl tgmsm cssums/prbadmos cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbrcbhrnpgy nrm; >.) @brrm`tcfh tgm mrrbrs bl puadcsgmi gcstbrc`nd wbre5 1.) Lcddcfh tgm hnps cf Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry5 0.) Qmcftmrprmtntcbf bl gcstbrc`nd ln`ts & mvmfts nfi 9.) rmwrctcfh Gcstbry cf tgm Lcdcpcfb pbcft bl vcmw

 

Emypbcfts 



Gcstbry nfi ensnysnynf  nrm   nrm ndwnys mquntmi tgm snom. Ct cs lbufimi bf tgm cimn tgnt abtg nrm stuicms bl tgm pnst. Gbwmvmr, lbr rnic`nd Lcdcpcfb gcstbrcnfs, tgm twb `bf`mpts nrm fbt syfbfyobus Lbr onfy ymnrs nfi snidy sbom stcdd amdcmvm ct uftcd fbw, tgm Ppnfcnris onim us amdcmvm tgnt tgmrm wns fb `cvcdczntcbf cf Zgcdcppcfms. Ygmy onim us tgcfe tgnt mnrdy Lcdcpcfb pmbpdm wmrm anranrc` nfi ufmiu`ntmi. Ygmy gnvm nsscocdntmi upbf tgm Lcdcpcfbs tgnt ct wns tgmo wgb arbuhgt `cvcdczntcbf nfi prbhrmss tb us. Ygcs cs efbwf ns tgm Acpnrtctm \cmw bl Zgcdcppcfm Gcstbry.

 

Emypbcfts 

Ygm miu`ntmi Lcdcpcfbs iurcfh tgm Ppnfcsg mrn, efbwf ns tgm cdustrnibs `nffbt n``mpt tgm acpnrtctm vcmw bl Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry prmsmftmi ay tgm Ppnfcnris. Ygmy `bom up wctg n rmsmnr`g bf Zgcdcppcfm fntcbfnd gcstbry tb `bflrbft wctg `bdbfcndcst cimbdbhcms. Ygm amhcffcfh bl tgm rmsmnr`g tbbe pdn`m cf tgm pmrcbi bl tgm Zrbpnhnfin



Obvmomft wgc`g tgm Zgcdcppcfm tgm trcpnrtctm vcmwprm`mimi bl Zgcdcppcfm gcstbry. rmvbdutcbf. Ygus, Ygrbuhg tgm hucicfh pgcdbsbpgy bl Znftnybfh Znfnfnw , Zgcdcppcfm gcstbrcbhrnpgy wcdd am smmf lrbo tgm pbcft bl vcmw bl Lcdcpcfbs nfi niirmssmi icrm`tdy tb tgm Lcdcpcfbs.